bai tap boi duong kien thuc lop 11 nang cao

BI 1: S IN LI

Trng PT Nguyn Vn Linh Ti liu bi dng kin thc ha hc lp 11 c bn + nng cao

Trng PT Nguyn Vn Linh Ti liu bi dng kin thc ha hc lp 11 nng cao

Chng 1: S IN LI

Bi ton 1: CHT IN LI MNH

1. Vit phng trnh cht in li mnh:

( Axit : HCl, H2SO4 , HNO3 ...

HCl H+ + Cl-

H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-

( Bazo : NaOH, Ca(OH)2 ...

NaOH Na+ + OH-

Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH-

( Mui : NaCl, CaCl2 , Al2(SO4)3

NaCl Na+ + Cl-

CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl-

Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO42-

2. Xc nh nng mol ion:

B1: Tnh s mol cht in li

B2: Vit phng trnh in li, biu din s mol ln phng trnh in li

B3: Tnh nng mol ion :

M

n

C

V

=

Bi 1.1. Vit phng trnh in li cc cht sau y (nu c ) :

1. HClO4 2. Sr(OH)23. K3PO44. BaCl25. AgCl6. Fe(OH)3

7. Al2(SO4)3 8. KMnO4 9. KOH10. HNO311. BaSO4

Bi 1.2. Vit cng thc ca cht m khi in li to ra cc ion :

a. K+ v CrO42-b. Fe3+ v NO3-c. Mg2+ v MnO4-d. Al3+ v SO42-

................................................................................................................................................................................

Bi 1.3. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch sau :

a. 100 ml dung dch cha 4,26 gam Al(NO3)3

b. 0,2 lt dung dch c cha 11,7 gam NaCl

Bi 1.4. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch thu c khi :

a. Trn 200 ml dung dch NaCl 2M vi 200 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,5M

b. Trn 400 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,2M vi 100 ml dung dch FeCl3 0,3M

c. Trn 200 ml dung dch cha 12 gam MgSO4 v 300 ml dung dch cha 34,2 gam Al2(SO4)3

Bi 1.5. a). Ha tan 12,5 gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O trong nc thnh 200 ml dung dch . Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch thu c .

b). Ha tan 8,08 gam Fe(NO3)3 .9H2O trong nc thnh 500 ml dung dch . Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch thu c .

Bi 1.6. a). Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M c cha s mol H+ bng s mol H+ c trong 0,3 lt dung dch HNO3 0,2M .

b). Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 2M trn vi 180 ml dung dch H2SO4 3M c mt dung dch c nng mol ca H+ l 4,5M . Cho bit H2SO4 in li hon ton.

Cu 1: Cu no di y l ng khi ni v s in li

A. S in li l s ha tan mt cht vo nc to ra dd .

B.S in li l s phn li 1 cht di tc dng ca dng in .

C.S in li l s phn li 1 cht thnh ion dng v ion m khi cht tan trong nc.

D.S in li thc cht l qu trnh oxi ha kh.

Cu 2: Cc dd axit, baz, mui dn in c l do trong dd ca chng c cc

A. ion tri du B. anion C. cation D. cht

Cu 3: Cho cc cht di y HNO3, NaOH, Ag2SO4, NaCl, H2SO3, CuSO4, Cu(OH)2. Cc cht in li mnh l:

A.NaOH, Ag2SO4, NaCl, H2SO3 B.HNO3, NaOH, NaCl, CuSO4

C.NaCl, H2SO3, CuSO4 D.Ag2SO4, NaCl, CuSO4, Cu(OH)2

Cu 4: Cc dung dch sau y c cng nng 0,10 mol / l ,dung dch no dn in km nht

A. HCl B. HFC.HID. HBr

Cu 5: Nc ng vai tr g trong qu trnh in li cc cht tan trong nc ?

A. Mi trng in liB. Dung mi khng phn cc

C. Dung mi phn ccD. To lin kt hidro vi cc cht tan

Cu 6: Trng hp no sau y dn in c:

A. Nc ct. B. NaOH rn khan.C. Kh hiroclorua. D. Nc bin.

Cu 7: Dung dch no sau y khng dn in c?

A. HBr trong nc. B. Ru etylic trong xng. C. CH3COONa trong nc. D. NaHSO4 trong nc.

Cu 8: Trn 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M vi 100ml dd KOH 0,5M c dd A . Nng mol/l ca ion OH- trong dd A l

A. 0,65M B. 0,55M C. 0,75M D. 1,5M

Cu 9: Cht khng in ly l :

A. NaClB. NaOH C. HClD. C2H5OH

Cu 10: Cht in ly mnh l :

A. CH3COOHB. Cl2C. KOHD. Cu(OH)2

Cu 11: Dung dch CH3COOH c :

A. CH3COO- B. H+ C. CH3COO-, H+D. CH3COO-, H+,CH3COOH

Cu 12: 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,2M c s mol ca ion H+ v SO42- ln lt l:

A. 0,02 v 0,01B. 0,04 v 0,02C. 0,02 v 0,02D. 0,2 v 0,4

Cu 13: Trong b ba cc cht sau, b ba no u khng phi l cht in ly

A. NaCl, KMnO4, Na2CO3. B. NaCl, ete, KMnO4. C. Saccaroz, ete, ru etylic. D. NaOH, CO2, Na2CO3

Cu 14: Trong 200 ml dd c cha 20,2g KNO3. Hy cho bit [K+] v [NO3-] trong dd ln lt l:

A. 1M ; 1M B. 0,1M ; 0,1M C. 0,5M; 0,4 MD. 0,2M; 0,2 M

Cu 15: [K+] v [CO32-] c trong dd K2CO3 0,05M ln lt l:

A. 0,1 M; 0,05MB. 0,2M ; 0,3 M C. 0,05M ; 0,1M D. 0,05M; 0,05M

Cu 16: Cho cc cht sau: (I) HCl; (II) KOH; (III) NaCl; (IV) CH3COOH. Cht in ly mnh gm:

A. I, II, III.B. I, II, IV.C. II, III, IV.D. I, III, IV.

Cu 17: Ha tan 5,85g NaCl vo nc c 0,5 lit dung dch NaCl. Dung dch ny c nng

A. 1M. B. 0,5M. C. 0,2M. D. 0,4M.

Cu 18: Cho cc cht: a) H2SO4; b) Ba(OH)2; c) H2S; d) CH3COOH; e) NaNO3. Cht in li mnh gm:

A. a, b, cB. a, c, dC. b, c, e D. a, b, e

Cu 19: Trn 150ml dd MgCl2 0,5M vi 50ml dd NaCl 1M th nng ion Cl- c trong dd to thnh l:

A. 0,5MB. 1MC. 1,5MD. 2M

Cu 20: C 100 ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M, thm vo 200ml nc nguyn cht th c dd X, [OH-] trong X l:

A. 1MB. 2/3MC. 1/3MD. 2M.

Cu 21: Khi ni v s in li pht biu no sau y ng ?

A. S in li l s ho tan mt cht vo nc to thnh dd. B. S in li l qtrnh phn li cc cht trong nuc ra ion.

C. S in li l s phn li mt cht di t/d ca dng in. D. S in li thc cht l qu trnh oxi ho - kh

Cu 22: Cht no sau y l cht khng in li.

a) A. C6H6 B. HF C. Na2CO3 D. Ca(OH)2

b) A. NaCl B. CH3COOH C. H2SO4 D. C2H5OH

Cu 23: Cho cc cht: H2O, HCl, NaOH, NaCl, CuSO4, CH3COOH. Cc cht in li yu l:

A. H2O, CH3COOH, CuSO4 B. CH3COOH, CuSO4 C. H2O, CH3COOH D. H2O, NaCl, CH3COOH, CuSO4

Cu 24: Cht no sau y l cht in li yu?

a) A. H2SO4 B. NaOH C. H2O D. NaCl

b) A. H2S B. CaCl2 C. KOH D. HNO3

c) A. H2CO3 B. HF C. Fe(OH)3 D. C A, B, C ng

Cu 25: Dy cht no di y ch gm nhng cht in li mnh ?

A. HNO3, Cu(NO3)2 ,H3PO4 ,Ca(NO3)2 B. CaCl2, CuSO4, H2S, HNO3

C. H2SO4, NaCl, KNO3 , Ba(NO3)2 D. KCl, H2SO4, H2O, MgCl2

Cu 26: Cht no sau y dn in tt nht?

a/ A. Nc ct B. C2H5OH C. dd NaNO3 D. dd CH3COOH

b/ A. NaCl 0.02M B. NaCl 0,01M C. NaCl 0,1 M D. NaCl 0.003 M

Cu 27: Cho cc cht: NaCl, Ba(OH)2, HNO3, AgCl, Cu(OH)2, HCl. Cc cht in li mnh l:

A. NaCl, Ba(OH)2, HNO3 , HCl B. NaCl, AgCl, Cu(OH)2 , HCl

C. Ba(OH)2, HNO3, AgCl, Cu(OH)2 D, NaCl, Ba(OH)2, HNO3, H2SO3

Bi ton 2: NH BO TON IN TCH

B1: Pht biu nh lut:

- Trong dung dch cha cc cht in li, tng s mol in tch dng

v m lun lun bng nhau.

B2: p dng gii ton:

+ Cng thc chung:

()()

MoldtMoldt

+=-

+ Cch tnh mol in tch:

.

dtion

nsochidtn

=

+ Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch

muoicationanion

mmm

=+

Bi 2.1. Dung dch A cha Al3+ 0,1 mol, Mg2+ 0,15 mol, NO3- 0,3 mol v Cl- a mol . Tnh a .

Bi 2.2. Dung dch A cha Na+ 0,1 mol , Mg2+ 0,05 mol , SO42- 0,04 mol cn li l Cl- . Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch .

Bi 2.3. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+ , b mol Mg2+ , c mol Cl v d mol NO3-

a. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, v d

b. Nu a = 0,01 ; c = 0,01 v d = 0,03 th b bng bao nhiu ?

Bi 2.4. Mt dung dch c cha hai loi cation l Fe2+ (0,1 mol) v Al3+ (0,2 mol) cng hai loi anion l Cl- (x mol) v SO42- (y mol) . Tnh x v y bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht rn khan .

Bi 2.5. (C 07) Dung dch A cha cc ion Al3+ = 0,6 mol, Fe2+ = 0,3 mol , Cl - = a mol, SO42- = b mol . C cn dung dch A thu c 140,7 gam . Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l :

Bi ton 3. CHT IN LI YU

1. Vit phng trnh in li:

+ Axit: CH3COOH, H2S , H3PO4

* CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO-

* H2S H+ + HS- ; HS- H+ + S2-

* H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4- ; H2PO4- H+ + HPO42- ; HPO22- H+ + PO43-

+ Hirxit lng tnh : Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 ...

Tnh bazo:

* Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OH-

* Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2OH-

Tnh axit:

* Al(OH)3 H3O+ + AlO2-

* Zn(OH)2 2H+ + ZnO22-

2. Xc nh in li:

B1 : p dng CT tnh in li

tantan

tan

dienliMdienli

hoaMhoa

nC

sophantudienli

sophantuhoanC

a

===

B2 : S dng phng php ba dng.

AB

AB

+-

+

Ban u : a 0 0

in li : x x x

Cn bng : a x x x (M) .

in li : =

x

a

* = 1 : cht in li mnh

* 0 < < 1 : cht in li yu

* = 0 : cht khng in li

Bi 3.1. Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau trong dung dch :

1. Axit mnh H2SeO4 (nc th nht in li mnh)2. Axit yu ba nc H3PO4 .

3. Hir xit lng tnh Pb(OH)2 .4. Na2HPO4 .

5. NaH2PO46. Axt mnh HMnO47. Bazo mnh RbOH.

Bi 3.2. in li dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c dung dch c [H+] = 1,32.10-3 M . Tnh in li ca axit CH3COOH .

Bi 3.3. Tnh nng mol cc ion H+ v CH3COO- c trong dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,1M . Bit phng trnh in li : CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ v in li = 4%

Bi 3.4. Cho dung dch HClO c nng mol 0,01M, nng ny HClO c in li l = 0,172% .

a). Tnh nng cc ion H+ v ClO- .

b). Tnh nng mol HClO sau in li .

Bi 3.5. Ha tan 3 gam CH3COOH v nc c 250 ml dung dch, bit in li = 0,12 . Tnh nng mol ca cc phn t v ion trong dung dch .

Bi 3.5. Mt lt dung dch CH3COOH 0,01 M c cha tng s 6,28.1021 ion v phn t CH3COOH . Tnh in li ca axit ny .

( iu cn nh :

- S phn t N = n . 6,02.1023

- cho lng ban u v lng cn li, nn s dng pp ba dng :

Ban u

in li

Khi cn bng

Bi 3.6. Trong 100 ml dung dch axit nitr nhit nht nh c 5,64.1021 phn t HNO2 v 3,6.1020 ion NO2-.

a. Tnh in li ca axit nitr trong dung dch nhit .

b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ni trn .

Bi 3.7. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion H+ v CH3COO- trong 2 lit dung dch c cha 24 gam CH3COOH ha tan . Bit in li ca axit l = 1,2%

Bi 3.8. Dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1 g/ml . in li ca axit = 1% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong 1 lt dung dch .

Bi 3.9. Ha tan 3 gam CH3COOH vo nc c 250 ml dung dch, bit in li = 0,12 . Tnh nng mol ca cc phn t v ion trong dung dch .

Bi ton 4. HNG S PHN LI AXIT V BAZO

1. Hng s phn li axit:

HA

H+ + A-

Ka =

HA

A

H

]

[

]

].[

[

-

+

* Ka ph thuc vo bn cht axit v nhit

* Ka cng nh lc axit cng yu

2. Hng s phn li bazo:

BOH

OH- + B+

Kb =

]

[

]

].[

[

BOH

B

OH

+

-

* Kb ph thuc vo nhit , bn cht bazo

* Kb cng nh lc bazo cng yu

Lu : nng [] trng thi cn bng

Bi 4.1. Vit hng s phn li axit Ka v hng s phn li bazo Kb cho cc trng hp sau :

CH3COO- , NH4+ , F- , HF

Bi 4.2. C mt dung dch axit CH3COOH (cht in li yu) . Nu ha tan vo dung dch mt t tinh th CH3COONa (Cht in li mnh), th nng H+ c thay i khng , nu c th thay i th no ? Gii thch .

( iu cn nh.

- S phn li ca cht in li yu l mt qu trnh thun nghch dn n cn bng ng (cn bng in li) Cn bng in li cng c hng s cn bng K v tun theo nguyn l L Sa t li .

- in li ch ph thuc vo nhit khi in li .

.CH3COOH

CH3COO- + H+

k =

3

3

[][]

[]

HCHCOO

CHCOOH

+-

Khi ha tan cht in li CH3COONa vo dung dch th nng CH3COO- tng ln do s phn li :

CH3COONa Na+ + CH3COO-

V Ka khng i [H+] gim xung

Bi 4.3. Cn bng sau tn ti trong dung dch : CH3COOH

H+ + CH3COO- . in li ca CH3COOH bin i nh th no ?

a. Khi nh vo vi git dung dch HCl

b. Khi pha long dung dch

c. Khi nh vo vi git dung dch NaOH

d. Nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch CH3COONa

Bi 4.4. Tnh nng mol ion H+ ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M , bit hng s phn li ca axit

Ka = 1,75.10-5 .

Bi 4.5. Tnh nng mol ca ion OH- c trong dung dch NH3 0,1M , bit hng s phn li bazo kb = 1,8.10-5

Bi 4.6. Trong 2 lt dung dch axit flohiric c cha 4 gam HF nguyn cht . in li ca axit ny l 8% . Hy tnh hng s phn li ca axit flohiric .

Bi 4.7. Axit propanoic (C2H5COOH) l mt axit hu c, mui ca axit ny c dng bo qun thc phm lu b mc . Hng s in li ca axit l Ka = 1,3.10-5 . Hy tnh nng ion H+ trong dung dch C2H5COOH 0,1M .

Bi 4.7. Tnh nng H+ ca cc dung dch sau :

a. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M . Bit Ka = 1,75.10-5 .

b. Dung dch NH3 0,1M . Bit Kb = 6,3.10-5 .

c. Dung dch CH3COONa 0,1M . Bit hng s bazo Kb ca CH3COO- l 5,71.10-10 .

Bi ton 5. XC NH pH DA VO [H+] .

1. Xc nh pH ca axit:

B1 . Tnh s mol axit in li axit .

B2 . Vit phng trnh in li axit .

B3 . Tnh nng mol H+

B4 . Tnh pH

lg[]

pHH

+

=-

2. Xc nh pH ca bazo:

B1 . Tnh s mol bazo in li.

B2 . Vit phng trnh in li bazo.

B3 . Tnh nng mol OH- , ri suy ra [H+]

14

[].[]10

HOH

+--

=

B4 . Tnh pH .

Bi 5.1. Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,46 gam HCl trong 400 ml .

Bi 5.2. Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 0,4 gam NaOH trong 100 ml .

Bi 5.3. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau :

1). HNO3 0,04M.2). H2SO4 0,01M + HCl 0,05M .

3). NaOH 10-3 M4). KOH 0,1M + Ba(OH)2 0,2M .

Bi 5.4. Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh khi trn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,375 M .

Bi 5.5. Ha tan hon ton 2,4 gam Mg vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 3M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu

Bi 5.6. Trn 40 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25M vi 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c .

Bi 5.7. Tnh pH v in li ca :

a). dung dch HA 0,1M c Ka = 4,75.10-5 .

b). dung dch NH3 0,1M c Kb = 1,8.10-5 .

Bi 5.8. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau :

a). Dung dch H2SO4 0,05M .

b). Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,005M .

c). Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1% .

d). Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp CH3COOH 0,2M v CH3COONa 0,1M . Cho Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 .

Bi 5.9. Cho 1,44 gam Mg vo 5 lt dung dch axit HCl c pH =2

a. Mg c tan ht trong dung dch axit hay khng ?

b. Tnh th tch kh H2 bay ra (ktc)?

c. tnh nng mol/ lt ca dung dch sau phn ng (coi Vdd khng i)?

Bi 5.10. a. (C Cng ng Tin Giang 2005). Trn 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,15M vi 2 lt dung dch KOH 0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca dung dch E?

b. Trn 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c ?

Bi 5.11. Cho dung dch A gm HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho 2 lt dd A cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui khan.

a. Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc axit trong dung dch A?

b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A?

Bi 5.12. (H Y H Ni 1999) in li ca axit axetic (CH3COOH ) trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M l 1%. Tnh pH ca dung dch axit ny?

Bi 5.13. ( thi H khi B 2002) Cho hai dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 1 v pH = 2. thm 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol / lt ca dung dch thu c?

Bi 5.14. (H Y Dc TP HCM 2000) Tnh in li ca axit focmic HCOOH. Nu dung dch HCOOH 0,46% (d = 1g/ml) ca axit c pH = 3.

Bi 5.15. (H S Phm H Ni 1 2000) Tnh in li ca axit focmic HCOOH trong dung dch HCOOH 0,007M c pH = 3.

Bi 5.16. Cho dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 4, bit in li = 1%. Xc nh nng mol /lt

ca dung dch axit ny?

Bi 5.17. a. ( 19, H Dc 1997, C Lng Thc- Thc Phm 2004) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 3. Cn pha long dung dch axit ny (bng nc) bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch HCl c pH = 4.

b. (H S Phm TP HCM 2000) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4. Hi phi thm mt lng nc gp bao nhiu ln th tch dung dch ban u thu c dung dch HCl c pH = 5.

Bi 5.18. (H Dc 1998) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 (dung dch A). Cn pha long bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch NaOH c pH = 11.

Bi 5.19. (H Kinh T Quc Dn 1999) Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml dung dch. Dung dch thu c c pH = 3. hy tnh nng ca HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch .

Bi 5.20. (H Thng Mi 2000) Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,3 lt H2O thu c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u, bit rng Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton.

Bi 5.21. (H Thu li 1997) Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 (dd A), dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dd B). em trn 2,75 lt dung dch A vi 2,25 lt dung dch B.

a. xc nh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch to thnh?

b. tnh pH ca dung dch ny

Bi 5.21. (H Quc Gia H Ni 2000)

a. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH a mol/lt thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a ?

b. Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05 M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 a mol/lt thu c

500ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a?

c. (H khi B 2003) Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H2SO4

0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 a mol/lt thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c

pH = 12. Tnh m v a ?

Bi 5.22. (Hc Vin Qun Y 2001) A l dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. B l dung dch NaOH 0,6M. Cn trn VA v VB theo t l no c dung dch c pH = 1 v dung dch c pH = 13 (gi thit cc cht phn ly hon ton ).

Bi 5.23. (HSP H Ni I 2001) Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch gm HNO3 v HCl c pH = 1 pH ca dung dch thu c bng 2.

Bi 5.24. (H kinh t TP HCM 2001) Trn 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2 M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tich bng nhau c dung dch A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho tc dng vi mt dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M. Tnh th tch dung dch B cn dng sau khi tc dng vi 300ml dung dch A c dung dch c pH = 2.

Bi 5.25. (C 2004) Ho tan m gam BaO vo nc c 200ml dung dch A c pH = 13. Tnh m?

Bi 5.26 (CSP Qung Ninh 2005) Cho m gam Ba vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M th c mt dung dch c pH = 13 . tnh m ( Coi th tch dung dch khng i )

Bi 5.26. (H Khi A 2006) Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton hn hp X vo nc, c 300 ml dung dch Y. vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh pH ca dung dch Y.

Bi 5.27. (H khi A 2004) Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,08M v KOH 0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Cho [H+].[OH] = 10-14

Bi 5.28. (C SP H Ni 2005) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 (dung dch A).

a. Cn pha long dung dch A bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch B c pH = 12?

b. Cho 2,14 gam NH4Cl vo mt cc cha 300 ml dung dch B. un si sau ngui ri

thm mt t qu tm vo cc. Qu tm c mu g? ti sao?

Bi 5.29. (H khi B 2008) Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Ga tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H+][OH-] = 10-14)

A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.

Bi ton 6. XC NH NNG MOL DA VO pH

1. Tnh nng mol ca axit:

B1 : Tnh [H+] t pH

- pH = a [H+] = 10-a .

B2 : Vit phng trnh in li

- T [H+] [ axit ]

2. Tnh nng mol bazo:

B1 : Tnh [H+] t pH , ri suy ra [OH-] .

- pH = a [H+] = 10-a

- [H+].[OH-] = 10-14 [OH-]

B2 : Vit phng trnh in li bazo .

- T [OH-] [bazo] .

( Ch :

pH > 7 : mi trng bazo .

pH < 7 : mi trng axit .

PH = 7 : mi trng trung tnh .

Bi 6.1. Mt dung dch axit sunfuric c pH = 2 .

a). Tnh nng mol ca axit sunfuric trong dung dch . Bit rng nng ny, s phn li ca H2SO4 thnh ion l hon ton .

b). Tnh nng mol ca ion OH- trong dung dch .

Bi 6.2. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 300 ml dung dch c pH = 10 .

Bi 6.3. Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 1,5 lt dung dch c pH = 13 . Tnh m .

Bi 6.3. Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 bng 1,3 lt H2O thu c dung dch c pH = 13 . Tnh nng mol ban u ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 .

( iu cn nh : khi pha long cht tan s mol khng thay i

Bi 6.4. V lt dung dch HCl c pH = 3 .

a). Tnh nng mol cc ion H+ , OH- ca dung dch .

b). Cn bt th tch H2O bng bao nhiu V thu c dung dch c pH = 2 .

c). Cn thm th tch H2O bng bao nhiu V thu c dung dch c pH = 4 .

Bi 6.5. Trn 250 ml dung dch HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH a (M), c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12 . Tnh a.

Bi 6.6. Cn thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl c pH = 2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,05M thu c dung dch c pH = 1,2 ?

Bi 6.7. Dung dch NH3 0,4M c pH = 12 . Tnh in li ca cht in li trong dung dch .

Bi 6.8. Tnh in li trong cc trng hp sau :

a). Dung dch HCOOH 1M c Ka = 1,77.10-4 .

b). Dung dch CH3COOH 1M , bit dung dch c pH = 4 .

Bi 6.9. a). pha 5 lt dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 3 th cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch CH3COOH 40% c khi lng ring D = 1,05 g/ml . Bit axit c Ka = 1,74.10-5 .

b). Tnh in li ca dung dch c pH = 3.

c). Ly 1 lt dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 3 ni trn, ha tan vo 0,1 mol HCl . Gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i . Hy tnh pH v in li ca dung dch mi thu c .

Cu 1: dd H2SO4 0,005M c pH l

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Cu 2: Hy ch ra iu sai v pH

A. pH = -lg [H+] B. pH + pOH = 14 C. [H+] = 10 a th pH= a D. [H+]. [OH-] = 10-14

Cu 3: Cho 100ml dd axit HCl tc dng vi 100ml dd NaOH thu c dd c pH=12. Nng mol/l ca dd NaOH ban u l

A. 0,1 B. 0,2 C. 0,3 D. 0,4

Cu 4: dd HNO3 c pH = 3. Cn pha long dd trn bao nhiu ln thu c dd c pH=4

A. 1,5ln B. 10ln C. 2 ln D. 5 ln

Cu 5: Nu trn 100ml dd KOH c pH=12 vi 100ml dd HCl 0,012M . Hi pH ca dd sau khi trn bng bao nhiu?

A. pH=5 B. pH=4 C. pH=3 D. pH=2

Cu 6: Mun pha ch 300ml dd c NaOH c pH=10 th khi lng NaOH cn dng l bao nhiu?

A. 11.10-4g B. 11,5.10-4g C. 12.10-4g D. 1,25.10-4g

Cu 7: Dung dch X c pH =11 th :

A.

+

H

=10 -11 MB.

+

H

=10-3 M

C.Lm qu tm ho D.Khng lm i mu phenolphtalein

Cu 8: Dung dch HCl 0,001M th :

A. pH=3 v lm qu tm ho .B. pH=11 v lm qu tm ho xanh.

C. pH=3 v lm qu tm ho xanh.D. pH=11 v lm qu tm ho .

Cu 9: Trn 100 ml dd NaOH 0,1M vi 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M thu c dd lm phenolphtalein ho :

A. hngB. xanhC. vngD.khng i mu

Cu 10: Tron 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M thu c 500 ml dung dch Z. pH cua dd Z la bao nhieu?

A. 13,87 B. 11,28 C. 13,25 D. 13,48

Cu 11: Tron 200 ml dung dch cha HCl 0,01M va H2SO4 0,025M vi 300 ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,015M va Ba(OH)2 0,02M thu c 500 ml dd Y. pH cua dd Y la bao nhieu ?

A. 5,22 B. 12 C. 11,2 D. 13,2

Cu 12: Sc V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dd Ba(OH)2 c pH = 14 c 3,94 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:

A. 0,448B. 1,792C. 0,763 hoc 1,792D. 0,448 hoc 1,792.

Cu 13: Dung dch NaOH c pH = 11, cn pha long dd ny bao nhiu ln c dd c pH = 9?

A. 3 lnB. 100 lnC. 20 lnD. 10 ln.

Cu 14: Cho 10ml dd HCl c pH = 3. Cn thm vo dd trn bao nhiu ml nc sau khi khuy u, thu c dd c pH = 4?

A. 10mlB. 90mlC. 100mlD. 40ml.

Cu 15: Trn 20ml dd HCl 0,05M vi 20ml dd H2SO4 0,075M. Nu coi khng c s thay i v th tch khi trn v cc axit cho in li hon ton th pH ca dd thu c sau khi trn l:

A. 1,0B. 2,0C. 3,0D. 1,5.

Cu 16: Dung dch HCl c pH = 3, cn pha long dd ny bng H2O bao nhiu ln c dd c pH = 4?

A. 1 lnB. 10 lnC. 9 lnD. 100 ln.

Cu 17: Cho dd cha x mol Ca(OH)2 vo dd cha x mol H2SO4, dd sau phn ng c mi trng g?

A. axitB. trung tnhC. bazD. khng xc nh.

Cu 18: Cho dd cha x gam Ba(OH)2 vo dd cha x gam HCl, dd sau phn ng c mi trng g?

A. axitB. trung tnhC. bazD. khng xc nh.

Cu 19: Dung dch X c pH = 10, dd Y c pH = 3, iu khng nh no sau y l ng?

A. X c tnh baz yu hn YB. X c tnh axit yu hn Y

C. tnh axit ca X bng ca YD. X c tnh axit mnh hn Y.

Cu 20: Cho 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M vo 50ml dd NaOH 0,1M, pH ca dd sau phn ng l:

A. 1B. 2C. 7D. 10.

Cu 21: Chn pht biu sai ?

A. dd CH3COOK c pH > 7 B. dd NaHCO3 c pH < 7

C. dd NH4Cl c pH < 7 D. dd Na2SO4 c pH = 7

Cu 22: Trong cc dung dch sau: K2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NHO4, Na2S c bao nhiu dung dch c pH > 7

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Cu 23: Cho cc dung dch mui sau: NaNO3, K2CO3, CuSO4, FeCl3 , AlCl3 dung dch c gi tr pH > 7

A. NaNO3 B. AlCl3 C. K2CO3 D. CuSO4

Cu 24: Khi hon tan NaHCO3 vo nc, dung dch thu c c gi tr

A. pH = 7 B. pH < 7 C. pH > 7 D. pH khng xc nh

Cu 25: Cho cc dung dch sau y, chn nhn xt ng v gi tr pH.

1. NH4NO3 2. NaCl 3. Al(NO3)3 4. K2S 5. CH3COONH4

A. 1,2,3 c pH > 7 B. 2,4 c pH = 7 C. 1,3 c pH < 7 D. 4,5 c pH = 7

Cu 26: Cho cc dung dch mui sau NaNO3, K2CO3, CuSO4, FeCl3, AlCl3, KCl

a/ Cc dung dch u c gi tr pH < 7 l

A. CuSO4, FeCl3 , AlCl3 B. CuSO4 ,NaNO3 , K2CO3 C. K2CO3, CuSO4 , FeCl3 D. NaNO3, FeCl3, AlCl3

b/ Cc dung dch u c gi tr pH = 7 l

A. NaNO3 , K2CO3, KCl B. NaNO3, KCl, CuSO4 C. NaNO3 , KCl, AlCl3, CuSO4 D. NaNO3 , KCl

Cu 27: Cht no sau y khi cho vo nc khng lm thay i pH ?

A. NH4Cl B. KCl C. Na2CO3 D. HCl

Cu 28: Hn hp mui no sau y khi ho tan trong nc to dung dch c pH khc 7

A. KNO3 v Na2CO3 ,pH > 7 B. NaCl v NaHCO3, pH > 7

C. NaHSO4 v K2SO4, pH < 7 D. c A, B, C u ng.

Cu 29: Cho phn ng 2NO2 + 2 NaOH

NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O

Hp th ht x mol NO2 vo dung dch cha x mol NaOH th dung dch thu c c gi tr.

A. pH = 7 B. pH > 7 C. pH = 0 D. pH < 7

Cu 30: Cho hp th ht 2,24 lt NO2 (ktc) trong 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Thm tip vi git qu tm th dung dch s c mu g ?

A. khng mu B. mu xanh C. mu tm D. mu

Cu 31: Thm 10ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M vo 10 ml dung dch NH4Cl 0,1M v vi git qu tm, sau un si. Dung dch s c mu g trc v sau khi un si

A. thnh tm B. xanh thnh C. xanh thnh tm D. ch mt mu xanh.

Cu 32: Cho a gam Cu(OH)2 v dung dch cha a g H2SO4 th pH ca dung dch thu c l:

A. pH = 7 B. pH < 7 C. pH > 7 D. pH = 7 hoc 7

Cu 33: Ba dung dch sau c cng nng mol/l: NaHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3. pH ca chng tng theo th t.

A. NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 B. NaOH, Na2CO3 , NaHCO3

C. NaHCO3 ,Na2CO3 ,NaOH D. Na2CO3, NaOH, NaHCO3

Cu 34: Ba dung dch sau c cng nng mol/l: H2SO4, Na2SO4, NaHSO4. pH ca chng tng theo th t

A. Na2SO4, NaHSO4, H2SO4 B. Na2SO4, H2SO4, NaHSO4

C. NaHSO4, H2SO4, Na2SO4 D. H2SO4, NaHSO4, Na2SO4

Cu 35: Ba dung dch sau c cng nng mol/l: NaOH, NH3, Ba(OH)2. Dd c pH nh nht l

A. NaOH B. NH3 C. Ba(OH)2 D. NaOH v Ba(OH)2

Cu 36: Oxit ca nguyn t no sau y khi tc dng vi H2O, to dung dch c pH > 7

A. Mg B. Cu C. Na D. S

Cu 37: Dung dch X c pH < 7 khi tc dng vi dung dch Ba(NO3)2 to kt ta, dd X l ?

A. HCl B. Na2SO4 C. H2SO4 D. Ca(OH)2

Cu 38: Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau ?

A. Gi tr pH tng th axit gim B. Gi tr pH tng th axit tng

C. dd c pH < 7 lm qu tm ho xanh D. dd c pH > 7 lm qu tm ho

Cu 39: Trong dung dch Al2(SO4)3 long c cha 0,6 mol SO42- , th trong dd c cha.

A. 0,2 mol Al2(SO4)3 B . 0,4 mol Al3+

C. 1,8 mol Al2(SO4)3 D. C A, B u ng

Cu 40: Vi dung dch NaOH 0,01M. th nhn xt no sau l ng ?

A. pOH = 2 v [Na+] < [OH-] = 10-2 B. pH = 2 v [Na+] = [OH-] = 10-2

C. pH = 12 v [Na+] > [OH-] D. pH = 12 v [Na+] = [OH-] = 10-2

Cu 41: Pht biu no sau y sai?

A. dd c [OH-] = 10-12 c mi trng baz B. dd axit HNO3 0,1M c pH = 1

C. dd axit yu HNO2 0,1M c pH = 1 D. dd axit yu HNO2 0,1M c pH > 1

Cu 42: Cho dung dch X c pH = 10, dd Y c pH = 3. iu khng nh no sau y ng?

A. X c tnh baz y hn Y B. X c tnh axit yu hn Y

C. Tnh axit ca X bng Y D. X c tnh axit mnh hn Y

Cu 43: Cho 150ml dd HCl 2M tc dng vi 50ml dd NaOH 5,6M. Dung dch sau phn ng c pH l:

A. 1,9 B. 4,1 C. 4,9 D. 1,0

Cu 44: Khi trn 10ml dd NaOH c pH = 13 vi 10ml dd HCl 0,3M, thu c dd c pH bng:

A. 2 B. 1 C. 7 D.8

Cu 45: Trn 2 dd HCl 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M vi th tch bng nhau thu c dd c pH bng

A. 12,5 B. 9,0 C. 13,0 D. 14,2

Cu 46: Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2M cn trung ho 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1 M l:

A. 50ml B. 100ml C. 200ml D. 500ml

Cu 47: Th tch dung dch HCl 0,3M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,1 M c 1 dung dch c pH = 7 l

A. 100ml B. 150ml C. 200ml D. 250ml

Cu 48: Th tch dung dch A (gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,3M) cn cho vo 100ml dung dch (gm H2SO4 0,1M v HCl 0,2M) c 1 dung dch c pH = 7 l:

A. 60ml B. 120 ml C. 100ml D. 80ml

Cu 49: Cn thm bao nhiu ln th tch H2O (V2) so vi th tch ban u (V1) pha long dung dch c pH = 3 thnh dung dch c pH = 4

A. V2 = 9V1 B. V1 = 1/3 V2 C. V1 = V2 D. V1 = 3V2

Cu 50: Cn pha long dung dch HCl c pH = 3 bao nhiu ln c dung dch c pH = 4?

A. 1 ln B. 10 ln C. 100 ln D. 1000 ln

Cu 51: S ml nc ct cn thm vo10ml dd HCl c pH = 3 thu c dd HCl c pH = 4 l:

A. 90ml B. 100ml C. 10ml D. 40ml

Cu 52: Nng H+ thay i nh th no th gi tr pH tng 1 n v ?

A. Tng ln 1 mol/l B. gim i 1 mol/l C. Tng ln 10ln D. Gim i 10 ln

Cu 53: Trn 250ml dd KOH 0,01M vi 250ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,005M th pH ca dd thu c l:

A. 12 B. 13 C. 2 D. 4

Cu 54: Phi ly dung dch HCl c pH = 5 (V1)cho vo dung dch KOH c pH = 9 (V2) theo t l th tch V1/V2 nh th no c dung dch c pH = 8 ?

A. 1/10 B. 2/9 C. 9/11 D. 3/8

Cu 55: Trn 200ml dd HCl 1M vi 300ml dd HCl 2M c 500ml dd HCl c nng l:

A. 1,5 M B. 1,2 M C. 1,6 M D. 0,15 M.

Cu 56: Thm 40 ml H2O vo 10ml dung dch HCl c pH = 2 thu c dung dch c pH l ?

A. 2,5 B. 3 C. 2,7 D. 4,2

Cu 57: Cn thm bao nhiu gam dd NaOH 10% vo20g dd NaOH 30% c dd NaOH 25%

A. 15g B. 6,67g C. 4g D. 12g

Cu 58: Ho tan ht 19,5g K vo 261g H2O thu c dung dch c nng C% l ?

A. 5% B. 10% C 15% D. 20%

Cu 59: Trn 100ml dd (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400ml dd (gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M) thu c dd X gi tr pH ca X l ?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 7 D. 6

BI M RNG: IN LI V HNG S PHN LI.

Cu 4: Khi pha long dung dch CH3COOH 1M thnh CH3COOH 0.5 M

A. in li tng B. in li gim C. in li khng i D. in li tng 2 ln

Cu 5: Khi thay i nhit ca mt dung dch cht in li yu (nng khng i)

A. in li v hng s in li u thay i. B. in li khng i v hng s thay i.

C. in li v hng s in li u khng i. D. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i.

Cu 6: Khi thay i nng ca mt dd cht in li yu (nhit khng i)

A. in li v hng s in li u thay i.B. in li khng i v hng s thay i.

C. in li v hng s in li u khng i.D. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i.

Cu 7: Khi pha long dd mt axit yu cng iu kin nhit th in li ca n tng . Pht biu no di y l ng?

A. Hng s phn li axit Ka tngB. Hng s phn li axit Ka gim.

C. Hng s phn li axit Ka khng i. D. Hng s phn li axit Ka c th tng hoc gim

Cu 8: Cho cc axit sau: 1. H3PO4 (Ka = 7,6.10-3) 2. HOCl (Ka = 5.10-8)

3. CH3COOH (Ka = 1,8.10-5) 4. HSO4- (Ka = 10-2)

Dy no sau y sp xp mnh ca cc axit theo th t tng dn ?

A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1) C. (2) < (3) < (1) < (4) D. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4)

Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y ng ? Vi dung dch cht in li yu:

A. in li v hng s phn li u ph thuc vo nng

B. in li v hng s phn li khng i khi thay i nhit .

C. in li v hng s phn li ph thuc vo nhit . in li ph thuc vo nng .

D. in li,hng s phn li ph thuc vo nhit .Hng s phn li ph thuc vo p sut.

Cu 10: Trong dung dch CH3COOH c cn bng sau: CH3COOH

H+ + CH3COO-. in li ( ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no khi nh vi git dd HCl vo dung dch CH3COOH ?

A. Tng B. Khng bin i C. Gim D. Khng xc nh c.

Cu 11: in li ( ca axit yu tng theo pha long dung dch . Khi gi tr ca hng s phn li axit Ka

A. Tng B. Gim C. Khng i D. C th tng c th gim

Cu 12: Dung dch CH3COOH trong nc c nng 0,1M, ( = 1% c pH l:

A. 11 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7

Cu 13: in li ( ca dd HCOOH 0,007M , c pH = 3,0 l:

A. 13,29% B. 12,29% C. 13,0% D. 14,29%

Cu 14: Hng s axit ca axit HA l Ka = 4.10-5. Vy pH ca dd HA 0,1M l:

A. pH = 2,3 B. pH = 2,5 C. pH = 2,7 D. pH = 3

Cu 15: Dung dch HCOOH 0,46% (D = 1g/ml) c pH = 3 in li ( ca dd l:

A. 1% B. 2% C. 3% D. 4%

Cu 16: Cho hng s in li ca NH4+ l

+

4

NH

K

= 5.10-5 . Tnh pH ca dd gm NH4Cl 0,2M v NH3 0,1M ?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8

Bi ton 7. AXIT , BAZO V CHT LNG TNH THEO HAI THUYT.

Thuyt A r ni ut (thuyt in li)

Thuyt Bron stt (thuyt proton)

( Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra H+ .

HCl H++ Cl- .

( Axit l cht nhng proton H+ .

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- .

( Bazo l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra OH- .

NaOH OH- + Na+ .

( Bazo l cht nhn proton H+ .

NH3 + H2O

NH4+ + OH- .

( Hiroxit lng tnh khi tan trong nc va c th phn li nh axit, va c th phn li theo bazo.

( Cht lng tnh va c th nhng proton, va c th nhn proton .

Bi 7.1. a) Hy vit phng trnh ha hc m t tnh axit ca CH3COOH theo quan im ca A r ni ut v quan im Bron stt . Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li cho cc cn bng . So snh hai biu thc tm c .

b) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li ca : NH3 , NH4+ , CO32- , HNO2 .

Bi 7.2. Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt axit, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt bazo (theo Bron stt).

1. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

2. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 .

3. NH3 + H2O

NH4+ + OH- .

4. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O .

Bi 7.3. a). Theo nh ngha ca Bron stt, cc ion : Na+ , NH4+ , CO32- , CH3COO- , HSO4- , K+ , Cl- , HCO3- l axit , bazo, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao ?

b). Trn c s , hy d on cc dung dch ca tng cht cho di y s c pH ln hn, nh hn hay bng 7 :Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4 .

Bi 7.4. Khi tan trong nc cc cht hiro bromua (HBr), hi ro telurua (H2Te), etyl amin (C2H5NH2) c phn ng sau y :

HBr + H2O H3O+ + Br- . (1)

H2Te + H2O

H3O+ + HTe- . (2)

C2H5NH2 + H2O

C2H5NH3+ + OH- . (3)

a) . Cho bit cht no l axit, cht no l bazo ? Gii thch .

b) . Nc l axit, l bazo trong phn ng no ? Gii thch .

Bi 7.5. Qu tm s xut hin mu g khi cho vo cc dung dch : Na2S , NH4Cl . Gii thch .

Cu 1: Mui no sau y l mui axit?

A. NH4NO3 B. Na2HPO3 C. Ca(HCO3)2 D. CH3COOK

Cu 2: Hin tng xy ra khi thm t t dd Na2CO3 vo dd FeCl3 l:

A. c kt ta nu B. c kh thot ra

C. c kt ta trng xanhD. c kt ta nu v bt kh thot ra.

Cu 3: Dy cht no di y tc dng vi c dd HCl v dd NaOH?

A. Al(OH)3, Al2O3, NaHCO3 B. Na2SO4, HNO3, Al2O3 C. Na2SO4, ZnO, Zn(OH)2D.Zn(OH)2,NaHCO3, CuCl2.

Cu 4: Nhn xt no sau y ng

A. Zn(OH)2 l axit lng tnh.B. Zn(OH)2 l mt baz cht lng tnh.

C. Zn(OH)2 l mt hyroxit lng tnh.D. Zn(OH)2 l mt baz.

Cu 5: Cho t t dd NaOH n d vo dd ZnSO4 th hin tng l

A. ch xut hin kt ta trngB. xut hin kt ta trng ri tan ht

C. xut hin kt ta nu ri tan htD. ch cut hin kt ta nu .

Cu 6: Dy cht hay ion no sau y c tnh axit ?

A. HSO4- , NH4+, HCO3- B. NH4+ , HCO3- , CH3COO- C. ZnO , Al2O3 , NH4+ , HSO4- D. HSO4- , NH4+

Cu 7: Hiroxit no sau y l hyroxt lng tnh.

A. Zn(OH)2 B. Cr(OH)3 C. Al(OH)3 D. C A, B, C u ng

Cu 8: Khi cho NaHCO3 phn ng vi dd H2SO4 v dd Ba(OH)2 chng minh

A. NaHCO3 c tnh axit B. NaHCO3 c tnh baz C. NaHCO3 c tnh lng tnh D. NaHCO3 c th to mui.

Cu 9: Trong phn ng: HSO4- + H2O

H3O+ + SO42- . Nc ng vai tr

A. Mt axit B. Mt baz C. Mt mui D. Mi trng.

Cu 10: Chn cu tr li ng, khi ni v mui axit

A. Mui axit l mui m dung dch lun c pH < 7B. Mui axit l mui phn ng c vi baz

C. Mui axit l mui vn cn hyro trong phn tD. Mui axit l mui m anion gc axit cn H phn li ra H+

Cu 11: Chn cu tr li ng, khi ni v mui trung ho ?

A. Mui trung ho l mui m dung dch lun c pH = 7

B. Mui trung ho l mui c to bi axit mnh v baz mnh

C. Mui trung ho l mui khng cn hyro trong phn t.

D. Mui trung ho l mui m gc axit khng cn H c kh nng phn li ra H+

Cu 12: Loi mui no sau y khng b thu phn ?

A. Mui to bi axit yu v baz yu B. Mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh

C. Mui to bi axit mnh v baz yu D. Mui to bi axit mnh v baz mnh

Cu 13: S thu phn mui amoni cacbonat s to ra?

A. Axit yu v baz mnh B. Axit yu v baz yu C. Axit mnh v baz yu D. Axit mnh v baz mnh

Cu 14: Dung dch CH3COOH 0,01M c :

A.

+

H

=

3

CHCOOH

B.

+

H

= 0,01M C.

+

H

< 0,01M D.

-

3

CHCOO

= 0,01M

Cu 15: Cho cc mui: CH3COONa, NaCl, ZnCl2, Na2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, KNO3

a/ Dung dch c mi trng axit l:

A. CH3COONa, NaCl B. NaCl, Na2CO3, ZnCl2 C. ZnCl2, (NH4)2SO4 D. (NH4)2SO4 , KNO3, CH3COONa

b/ Dung dch c mi trng baz l:

A. CH3COONa, NaCl, Na2CO3 B. ZnCl2, Na2CO3, KNO3

C. CH3COONa, (NH4)2SO4, ZnCl2 D. Na2CO3, CH3COONa

c/ Dung dch c mi trng trung tnh l:

A. NaCl, KNO3 B. KNO3 , (NH4)2SO4, ZnCl2 C. NaCl, Na2CO3 D. NaCl , CH3COONa, KNO3

Bi tp m rng

Cu 16: Chn pht biu sai. Theo Bronstet th trong cc ion sau: NH4+, CO32-, HCO3-, H2O, Na+.

A. Axit l: NH4+ , HCO3-B. Baz l: CO32- C. Trung tnh l: Na+ D. Lng tnh l: H2O

Cu 17: Theo Bronstet cc cht v ion thuc dy no sau y l trung tnh ?

a/ A. CO32- , Cl- B. Na+, Cl-, NO3- C. NH4+, HCO3-, CH3COO- D. HSO4- , NH4+, Na+

b/ A. Cl- , NH4+, Na+, H2O B. ZnO, Al2O3, H2O C. K+, Br-, NO3- D. Br-, NH4+, H2O

Cu 18: Theo Bron-stet ion c tnh axit l:

a/ A. HS- B. NH4+ C. Na+ D. CO32-

b/ A. Cl- B. HSO4- C. PO43- D. Mg2+

Cu 19: Theo Bron-stet th cu no sau y ng?

A. Axit hoc baz c th l phn t hoc ion. B. Trong tphn ca axit c th khng c hiro

C. Trong thnh phn ca baz c nhm -OH hoc khng c nhm -OH D. A v C ng

Cu 20: Theo Bron-stet, dy cht hay ion c tnh baz l:

A. CO32- , CH3COO- , SO32- B. HSO4- , HCO3-, Cl- C. NH4+ , Na+ , ZnO D. CO32- , NH4+ , Na+

Cu 21: Theo Bron-stet c bao nhiu ion trong s cc ion sau l baz: Na+, Cl-, CO32- , CH3COO-, NH4+, S2- ?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Cu 22: Theo Bron-stet dy cht hay ion no sau y l baz?

A. NH3, PO43-, Cl-, NaOH B. HCO3- , CaO, CO32- , NH4+

C. Ca(OH)2 ,CO32-,NH3, PO43- D. Al2O3 ,Cu(OH)2, HCO3-

Cu 23: Theo Bronstet, ion Al3+ trong nc c tnh cht:

A. Baz B. Axit C. Lng tnh D. Trung tnh

Cu 24: Theo Bron-stet, ion no di y l lng tnh?

A. PO43- B. CO32- C. HSO4- D. HCO3-

Cu 25: Theo Bronsted, cc cht v ion thuc dy no sau y l lng tnh ?

A. CO32- , CH3COO- B. ZnO, Al2O3 , HSO4- , NH4+ C. NH4+ , HCO3- , CH3COO- D. ZnO, Al2O3 , HCO3- , H2O

Cu 26: Cho cc ion v cc cht c nh s th t nh sau:

1. HCO3- 2. K2CO3 3. H2O 4. Cu(OH)2 5. HPO4- 6. Al2O3 7. NH4Cl 8. HSO3-

Theo Bronsted, cc cht v ion lng tnh l:

A. 1,2,3 B. 4,5,6 C. 1,3,5,6,8 D. 2,4,6,7

Cu 27: Cho bit cc ion v cht no sau l lng tnh:HCO3-,H2O,HSO4-,HS-, NH4+

A. HCO3- , HSO4-, HS- B. HCO3-, NH4+, H2O C. H2O , HSO4-, NH4+ D. HCO3-, H2O, HS-.

Bi ton 8. PHN NG TRAO I ION .

B1 : Tnh s mol cht phn ng .

B2 : Vit phng trnh in li, ri suy ra s mol ion .

B3 : Vit phng trnh phn ng ion thu gn .

B4 : p dng cng thc gii ton .

( Tnh pH ca dung dch : pH = - lg[H+].

( nh lut bo ton mol in tch :

()()

moldtmoldt

+=-

.

Bi 8.1. trung ha 50 ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,75M th cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ?

Bi 8.2. trung ha 50 ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,3M v HBr 0,2M cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,05M ?

Bi 8.3. Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,2M vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M thu c dung dch c pH = 2 .

Bi 8.4. Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M vo 50ml dung dch HCl 0,2M thu c dung dch c pH = 12 .

Bi 8.5. Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,15M vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm 2 bazo NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH)2 0,075M thu c dung dch c pH = 2 ?

Bi 8.6. Mt dung dch Y c cha cc ion Cl-, SO42- , NH4+ . Khi cho 100 ml dung dch Y phn ng vi 200 ml dung dch dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 6,99 gam kt ta v thot ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc) .

a). Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch Y .

b). Tnh nng mol ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 dng .

Bi 8.7. Dung dch A cha HCl v H2SO4 theo t l mol 3:1 . Bit 100 ml dung dch A trung ha va 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M .

a). Tnh nng mol mi axit .

b). Tnh khi mui thu c sau phn ng .

c). Hi 200 ml dung dch A trung ha va bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M .

Bi 8.8. Ha tan 1,65 gam (NH4)2SO4 v 2,61 gam K2SO4 trong nc thu c 250 ml dung dch A . l cc cht in li mnh .

a). Tnh nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A .

b). Ly 50 ml dung dch A tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M, lc, ra kt ta to thnh , thu c m1 gam kt ta v 120 ml dung dch A1 . Tnh m1 v nng mol cc ion thu c trong dung dch A1 .

Bi 8.9. Thm t 400 gam dung dch H2SO4 49% v nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung dch A . Coi H2SO4 in li ha ton c hai nc .

1). Tnh nng mol H+ trong dung dch A .

2). Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lit dung dch A thu c :

a). dung dch c pH = 1 .

b). dung dch c pH = 13 .

Bi 8.10. Hy tnh m v x khi :

a). Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x M thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12 . Hy tnh m v x .

b). Trn 300 ml dung dch c cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,025M vi 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 x(M) , thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH =2 . Hy tnh m v x .

Cu 1: Mt dd X cha 0,2mol Al3+, a mol SO42-, 0,25mol Mg2+, v 0,5mol Cl-. C cn dd X thu c m gam mui khan. Hi m c gi tr bao nhiu?

A. 43g B. 57,95g C. 40,95 D. 25,57

Cu 2: Ion OH- co the phan ng vi dy cac ion nao sau ay?

A. K+ ; Al3+ ; SO42- B. Cu2+;

-

3

HSO

;

-

3

NO

C. Na+; Cl-;

-

4

HSO

D. H+ ;

4

NH

+

;

-

3

HCO

Cu 3: Ion

2

3

CO

-

khong phan ng c vi dy cac ion nao sau ay?

A.

4

NH

+

; Na+;

-

3

NO

B. K+;

-

3

HSO

; Ba2+ C.

-

4

HSO

;

4

NH

+

; Na+ D. Ca2+; K+;

-

3

HCO

Cu 4: Co 4 dd ng trong 4 lo mat nhan la:

424

(NH)SO

; NH4Cl ;

24

NaSO

; KOH. Chon thuoc th nao e nhan biet 4 dd o?

A. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 B. Dung dch NaCl C. Phenolftalein D. Dung dch NaOH

Cu 5: Tron 200 ml dung dch cha HCl 0,01M va H2SO4 0,025M vi 300 ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,015M va Ba(OH)2 0,02M thu c m gam ket tua. Tnh m?

A. 0,932 g B. 1,398 g C. 1,165 g D. 1,7475 g

Cu 6: Co hai dung dch X va Y, moi dung dch ch cha 2 loai cation va 2 loai anion vi so mol a cho trong so cac ion sau: K+ (0,15 mol), Mg2+(0,1 mol),

4

NH

+

(0,25 mol), H+(0,2 mol), Cl-(0,1 mol), SO42-(0,075 mol),

-

3

NO

(0,25 mol) ,

2

3

CO

-

(0,15 mol). Xac nh thanh phan cua moi dung dch?

A. X: H+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42- va Y :

4

NH

+

, K+,

-

3

NO

,

2

3

CO

-

B. X: H+, Mg2+,

-

3

NO

,

2

3

CO

-

va Y :

4

NH

+

, K+, Cl-, SO42-

C. X: H+, Mg2+,

-

3

NO

, SO42- va Y :

4

NH

+

, K+, Cl-,

2

3

CO

-

D. X: K+, Mg2+,

-

3

NO

, SO42- va Y : H+, K+, Cl-,

2

3

CO

-

Cu 7: Mt loi nc thi cha cc ion Na+, Ba2+, Ca2+, M2+, Pb2+, H+,

-

Cl

. Mun tch c nhiu ion cation ra khi dd m khng cn a ion l vo th ta c th dng cht no tc dng vi dd trn l ng nht.

A.DD Na2CO3 va . B. DD Na2SO4 va . C.DD NaOH va . D. DD K2CO3 va .

Cu 8: Cho dd cha x mol AlCl3 tc dung vi dd cha y mol NaOH. khng c kt ta th iu kin cn v l:

A. y 4x. B. y 4x. C. y = 3x D. y x.

Cu 9: Mt dd X cha 0,1mol Fe2+, 0,2 mol Al3+, x mol

-

Cl

v y mol SO42-. em c cn dd X thu c 46,9g mui khan. Hi x,y c gi tr l bao nhiu?

A. x = y = 0,267. B. x = 0,15, y = 0,325. C.x = 0,4, y = 0,2. D.x = 0,2, y = 0,3.

Cu 10: Ion OH- c th phn ng vi dy cc ion no sau y?

A. Ba2+; Na+;

-

Cl

; SO42- B. Ca2+; Ba2+;

-

3

NO

;

-

Cl

C. Fe3+ ; HCO3-; Zn2+ ;

4

NH

+

D. Ca2+ ; K+;

-

3

NO

; Ba2+

Cu 11: Ha tan 1,7g NaNO3 v 2,61g Ba(NO3)2 vo nc c 100ml dd X. Nng mol/l ca ion Na+, Ba2+ v NO3- trong dd X ln lt l:

A. 0,02M; 0,01M; 0,04M. B. 2M; 1M; 04M. C. 0,2M; 0,1M; 0,4M D. 0,15M ;0.05M ; 0,02 M

Cu 12: Mt dung dch khng th cha ng thi cc ion sau:

A.

22

434

NH,CO,SO,Na

+--+

B. K+, Zn2+; Cl-, Br-

C.

332

43

Ag,Al,PO,CO

++--

D.

22

3

Ba,Mg,Cl,NO

++--

Cu 13: Cc ion no sau y khng cng tn ti trong mt dung dch?

A. Na+, Mg2+, OH-. B. K+, Fe2+, NO3-. C. Ca2+, Na+, Cl-. D. Al3+, Cu2+, SO42-

Cu 14: Dung dch X cha a mol Na+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl- v d mol

2

4

SO

-

. Chn biu thc ng?

A. a + 2b = c + 2dB. a + 2b = c + dC. a + b = c + dD. 2a + b = 2c + d.

Cu 15: C 4 l ring bit ng cc dd b mt nhn: AlCl3, NaNO3, K2CO3, NH4NO3. C th dng dd no di y lm thuc th phn bit cc cht trn?

A. NaOHB. H2SO4C. Ba(OH)2D. AgNO3.

Cu 16: Cp cht no cng tn ti trong dung dch?

A. AlCl3 v CuSO4 B. NaHSO4 v NaHCO3C. NaAlO2 v HClD. NaCl v AgNO3.

Cu 17: Phng trnh phn ng no sau y sai?

A. Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ( BaSO4 + 2NaClB. FeS + ZnCl2 ( ZnS + FeCl2

C. 2HCl + Mg(OH)2 ( MgCl2 + 2H2OD. FeS + 2HCl ( FeCl2 + H2S.

Cu 18: Trong 4 dy ion di y:

A. Fe3+,CH3COO-,H+,Cl- B. CO32-,NO3-,Al3+,Fe2+ C. PO43-,SO42-,Ag+,Ca2+ D. Ba2+,SO32-,NH4+,Cu2+

Dy no gm tt c cc ion d dng tch ra khi dd bng cch to kt ta.

Cu 19: Cho cc dung dch A,B,C,D cha cc tp hp ion sau:

A: {Cl-, NH4+, Na+, SO42-}.B: {Cl-, Ba2+, Ca2+, OH-}.

C: {H+, Na+,K+, NO3-}. D: {NH4+-, K+, HCO3-, CO32-}.

Trn hai dung dch vo nhau th cp no khng phn ng

A. A+B.B. A+C.C. C+D.D. D+A.

Cu 20: Cc ion no sau y khng cng tn ti trong mt dung dch?

A. Na+, Mg2+, OH-.B. K+, Fe2+, NO3-.C. Ca2+, Na+, Cl-.D. Al3+, Cu2+, SO42

Cu 21: Cp cht no sau y cng tn ti trong dung mt dung dch?

A. KOH v HClB. HCl, AgNO3C. NaCl, NH4NO3D. NaHCO3 v NaOH

Cu 22: Cc ion no sau y c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch?

A. Cu2+, Cl-, Na+, OH-,

3

NO

-

B. Fe2+, K+, OH-,

4

NH

+

C.

4

NH

+

,

2

3

CO

-

,

3

HCO

-

, OH-, Al3+D. Cu2+, Cl-, Na+, Fe2+,

3

NO

-

.

Cu 23: Trong 4 dy ion di y:

A. Ag+,CH3COO-,H+,Cl- B. CO32-,NO3-,Al3+,Fe2+ C. I-,SO42-,Na+,Cu2+ D. SO32-,S2-,NH4+,CO32-.

Dy no gm tt c cc ion d dng tch ra khi dd bng cch to cht kh.

Cu 24: Cp cht no sau y cng tn ti trong mt dung dch

a/ A. KCl v NaNO3 B. HCl v AgNO3 C. KOH v HCl D. NaHCO3 v NaOH

b/ A. AlCl3 v Na2CO3 B. HNO3 v NaHCO3 C. NaAlO2 v KOH D. NaAlO2 v HCl

Cu 25: Nhng ion no di y c th tn ti trong cng mt dung dch.

a/ A. Na+ ,Mg2+,OH-, NO3- B. Ag+ , H+, Cl-, SO42- C. HSO4- ,Na+,Ca2+,CO3- D. OH-, Na+, Ba2+ ,Cl-

b/ A. Cu2+,Cl-,Na+,OH-,NO3- B. Fe2+,K+,OH-,NH4+ C. NH4+,CO32-,HCO3-,OH-,Al3+ D. Na+,Cu2+,Fe2+,NO3-,Cl-

Cu 26: Mt dd X cha 0,2mol Al3+, a mol SO42-, 0,25mol Mg2+, v 0,5mol Cl-. C cn dd X thu c m gam mui khan . Hi m c gi tr bao nhiu?

A. 43g B. 57,95g C. 40,95 D. 25,57

Cu 27: Ion CO32- khng phn ng vi dy ion no sau y?

A. Ca2+, Mg2+ B. H+, NH4+ ,Na+, K+ C. Ba2+, Cu2+, NH4+, K+ D. NH4+, Na+, K+

Cu 28: PT ion thu gn: H+ + OH-

H2O . Biu din bn cht ca PHH no di y ?

A. HCl + NaOH

H2O + NaCl B. NaOH + NaHCO3

Na2CO3 + H2O

C. H2SO4 + BaCl2

2HCl + BaSO4( D. 3HCl + Fe(OH)3

FeCl3 + 3H2O

Cu 29: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng trao i?

1. Zn + CuSO4

Cu + ZnSO4 2. AgNO3 + KBr

KNO3 + AgBr (

3. Na2CO3 +H2SO4

Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 4. Mg + H2SO4

MgSO4 + H2(

A. Ch c 1 v 2 B. Ch c 2 v 3 C. C 4 phn ng D. Ch c 1 v 4

Cu 30: a/ Phn ng no sau y khng phi phn ng axit- baz?

A. H2SO4 + 2NaOH

Na2SO4 + 2H2O B. 6HCl + Fe2O3

2FeCl3 + 3H2O

C. H2SO4 + BaCl2

BaSO4 ( + 2HCl D. Ca(OH)2 + CO2

CaCO3 ( + H2O

b/ (H - C - KB - 2007). Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4 , Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2 dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:

A. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2 B. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2

C. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4 , Na2SO4 D. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4

c/ (H - C - 2007). C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 l trn th s kt ta thu c l:

A. 4 B. 1 C. 3 D. 2

Cu 31: (H - C - KA - 2007). Cho m g hn hp Mg, Al vo 250ml dd X cha hh axit HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M,thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dd Y (coi V dd khng i). Dd Y c pH l:

A. 1 B. 6 C.7 D. 2

Cu 32: (H - C - KA 2007.) Dung dch HCl v dd CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca 2 dd tng ng l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li).

A. y = 100x B. y = 2x C. y = x - 2 D. y = x + 2

Cu 33: a/ Dung dch X c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl- v d mol NO3- .Biu thc no sau y ng ?

A. 2a - 2b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d C. 2a + 2b = c - d D. a + b = 2c + 2d

b/ Dung dch A c a mol NH4+, b mol Mg2+, c mol SO42-, v d mol HCO3- .Biu thc no sau y ng?

A. a + 2b = c + d B. a + 2b = 2c + d C. a + b = 2c + d D. a + b = c + d

c/ Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Fe2+, 0,2 mol Al3+, x mol Cl- v y mol SO42- . C cn dung dch c 46,9 g cht rn. Vy x, y l:

A. x = 0,2; y = 0,3 B. x = 0,4; y = 0,2 C. x = 0,3; y = 0,25 D. x = 0,5; y = 0,15

Cu 34: Trn 100ml dd KOH 1M vi 50 ml dd H3PO4 1M th nng mol ca mui trong dung dch thu c l:

A. 0,33M B. 0,66 M C. 0,44 M D. 1,1M

Cu 35: Cho 200ml dd KOH vo 200ml dd AlCl3 1M thu c 7,8g kt ta keo. Nng mol ca dung dch KOH l:

A. 1,5 M B. 3,5 M C. 1,5 M v 3,5M D. 2 M v 3 M

Cu 36: Cho 2,17g hn hp gm 3 kim loi A, B, C tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 1,68 lt H2 ( ktc). Khi lng mui clorua trong dung dch sau phn ng l:

A. 7,945g B. 7,495g C. 7,594g D. 7,549g

BI TP TNG HP

BI 15: Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch thu c khi:

a. Trn 200 ml dung dch NaCl 2M vi 200 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,5M

b. Trn 400 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,2 M vi 100 ml dung dch FeCl3 0,3M

c. Trn 200 ml dung dch cha 12 gam MgSO4 v 300 ml dung dch cha 34,2 gam Al2(SO4)3

BI 16:

a. Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 14% (D = 1,128 g/ml) c cha s mol OH- bng s mol OH- c cha trong 0,2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5 M

b. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M c cha s mol H+ bng s mol H+ c trong 0,3 lt dung dch HNO3 0,2 M

BI 17: Cho dung dch HNO2 0,1 M c hng s in li K = 0,0005 .

a. Hy tnh nng cc ion H+ , NO2-

b. Tnh in li ca dung dch ny

BI 18: 500 ml mt dung dch A c cha x mol Fe3+ ; 0,04 mol Na+ ; y mol SO42- v 0,09 mol Cl- . Nu c cn dung dch ny th thu c 7,715 gam mui khan . Tnh nng mol cc ion Fe3+ v SO42- trong dung dch

BI 19: Dung dch A c cha cc ion CO32- , SO32- , SO42- , 0,1 mol HCO3- v 0,3 mol Na+ . Thm V lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo dung dch A th thu c lng kt ta ln nht . Gi tr ca V l :

A. 0,15B. 0,2C. 0,25D. 0,5

BI 20: Cht no sau y khng dn in c ?

A. KOH nng chyB. MgCl2 nng chy

C. HI trong dung mi ncD. KCl khan

BI 21: Cht no di y khng phn li ra ion khi ha tan trong nc ?

A. MgCl2B. HClO3

C. C6H12O6D. Ba(OH)2

BI 22: C mt dung dch cht in li yu . Khi thay i nng ca dung dch (nhit khng thay i) th :

A. in li v hng s in li u thay i

B. in li v hng s in u khng thay i

C. in li thay i v hng s in li thay i

D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i

BI 23: Trong 1 ml dunhg dch HNO2 nhit nht nh c 5,64.1019 phn t HNO2 v 3,6 .1018 ion NO2-

a. Tnh in li ca HNO2

b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ni trn

BI 24: Cho V lt CH3COOH c 4.103 cation H+ ,4.103 CH3COO- v 2.106 phn t axit . Tnh in li ca axit ny

BI 25: 10 ml dung dch axit HCOOH 0,3M c cha tng s ht l n0 (phn t v ion) Nu bit in li ca axit l = 2% th n c gi tr bng bao nhiu ?

BI TP P DNG

BI 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau trong dung dch :

1. Axit H2SeO4 (nc th nht in li mnh)

2. Axit yu ba nc : H3PO4

3. Hidroxit lng tnh : Pb(OH)2

4. Na2HPO4 5. NaH2PO46. Axit mnh HMnO4 7. Bazo mnh : RbOH. 8 [Ag(NH3)2]2SO4

BI 2: Cho cc phn t v ion sau :

S2- , NH4+ , H2PO4- , HI , C6H5O- , NH3 , PO43- , CH3COO- , [Fe(H2O)]3+ , HSO4- , HS- , HSO3-

Theo thuyt Bron stet phn t v ion no l axit, bazo hay lng tnh ? Minh ha bng phn ng ca chng trong nc .

BI 3: Trong cc cht di y, phn ng no H2O ng vai tr l mt axit, phn ng no H2O ng vai tr l mt bazo theo Bron stet

1. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

2. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

3. NH3 + H2O

NH4+ + OH-

4. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O

Bi 4: (H Thng Mi 2001) Ho tan m gam Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m ?

Bi 5: Ha tan 4,48l HCl(ktc) vo nc c 2l dung dch a.Tnh pH ca dung dch A.

Cn pha long dung dch A bao nhiu ln c dung dch c pH = 5.

Bi 6: Cho 2 dung dch: X l dung dch HCl, Y l dung dch NaOH.

Ly 10ml dung dch X pha long bng nc thu c 1000ml dung dch HCl c pH = 2.

trung ha 100g dung dch Y cn 150ml dung dch X. Tnh C% ca dung dch Y?

Bi 7: Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,005M tc dng vi 4 lt dung dch NaOH 0,005M

Bi 8: Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250ml dung dch NaOH aM c 500ml dung dch c pH= 12. Tnh a

Bi 9: Trn 250ml dung dich hn hp gm HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 aM th c m(g) kt ta v dung dch c pH = 12 (coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k). Tnh m v a ?

Chng 2: NIT PHOTPHO

Dng 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng chui phn ng

I. L thuyt:

- HS cn nm c tnh cht ha hc trong SGK.

- n li phng php lp phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng oxi ha kh bng phng php thng bng electron.

II. Bi tp vn dng:

Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca N, nhn xt xem N c th c nhng trng thi oxi ho no? Ti sao? Cho v d minh ho.

Bi 2: a) Gii thch ti sao phn t Nit li gm 2 nguyn t? Vit CT electron v CTCT ca N2.

b) Gii thch ti sao N v Cl u c m in l 3.0 nhng iu kin thng N hot ng ho hc km hn Cl. Ly v d chng minh.

Bi 3: Trn c s c im cu to nguyn t, cu to phn t ca Nit hy nhn xt v kh nng hot ng ho hc v cc tnh cht ho hc ca Nit, ly v d minh ho.

Bi 4: Trn c s cu to phn t ca NH3 hy nhn xt tnh cht ho hc ca NH3, ly v d minh ho?.

Bi 5: Trn c s cu to phn t ca HNO3 hy nhn xt tnh cht ho hc ca HNO3, ly v d minh ho?.

Bi 6: Nu cch iu ch NH3 v HNO3 trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip.

Bi 8: Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c):

a. Fe3O4 + HNO3(l) b. Ca3N2 + H2O c. Ag + HNO3(l)

d. Al + HNO3(, ngui) e. P + HNO3() f. (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2

h. N2 + Cl2 g. NaNO3 + H2SO4() k. FeCl2 + HNO3

l. H2SO4() + P m. H3PO4 + NaOH

2

:

1

n.Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4

Bi 9: Hon thnh cc phng trnh ha hc sau

a. NH4NO2 N2 + H2O

b. NH4NO3 N2O + H2O

c. (NH4)2SO4 +NaOH NH3 + Na2SO4 +H2O

d. (NH4)2CO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O

e. P + H2SO4 ? +? + ?

f. P+ HNO3 + H2O ? + NO

g. FexOy+HNO3 c

h. Al+ HNO3l ? + NO + H2O

i. Fe3O4+HNO3.n ? + NO2 + H2O

j. M + HNO3l M(NO3)n + NxOy + H2O

Bi 10: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau di dng phn t v ion thu gn, cho bit loi phn ng v vai tr ca mi cht tham gia trong phn ng ho hc .

a) Fe + HNO3 (long) NO

+. g) Fe + HNO3,t0 .

b) Fe + HNO3,ngui . h) FeS2 + HNO3,t0 .

c) Fe + HNO3, ,t0 . i) FexOy + HNO3 (long) NO

+.

d) FeO + HNO3(long) . k) M + HNO3,t0 M(NO3)n+.

e) Fe2O3 + HNO3 (long) . n) As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O NO

+.

Bi 11: Hon thnh chui phn ng sau : ( ghi y iu kin nu c )

a. NaNO2 1 N2 2 Mg3N2 3 NH3 4 Cu 5 Cu(NO3)2 6 Cu(OH)2 7 Cu(NH3)4](OH)2

8 CuO 9 N2

11 Fe(OH)2 12 Fe(NO3)3 13 Fe2O3 14 Fe(NO3)3

b. N2 1 NH3 2 NO 3 NO2 4 HNO3 5 NaNO3 6 NaNO2

7 HCl 8 NH4Cl 9 NH3 10 (NH4)2SO4

8 NH4NO3 9 Al(NO3)3 1 0 Al(OH)3 11 NaAlO2 12 Al(OH)3

c. (NH4)2CO3 1 NH3 2 Cu 3 NO 4 NO2 5 HNO3 6 H2SO4 7 NO

13 HCl 14 AgCl 15 [Ag(NH3)2]OH

+ X NO + X NO2

+

O

H

X

2

Y + Z Ca(NO3)2

d. N2

+

2

H

M + X NO + X NO2

+

O

H

2

Y + M NH4NO3

e. oxi 1 axit nitric 2 axit photphoric 3 canxi photphat 4 canxi ihirophotphat.

f. Qung photphorit 1 P 2 P2O5 3 H3PO4 4 (NH4)3PO4 5 H3PO4 6 canxi photphat

g. oxi 1 axit nitric 2 axit photphoric 3 canxi photphat 4 canxi ihirophotphat.

Bi 12: Thc hin cc bin ho sau:

F

E

B

D

C

B

A

NO

NH

NaOH

Cu

O

H

O

O

t

2

4

2

2

2

0

+

+

+

+

+

+

Bi 13: Thc hin dy bin ho sau:

NH4NO3

+

NaOH

kh A

+

)

t

,

xt

(

O

0

2

kh B

+

2

O

kh C

+

O

H

,

O

2

2

E

+

)

t

(

FeCO

0

3

dung dch F

Fe

+

dung dch G

+

+

4

4

2

KMnO

SO

H

dung dch H

So snh thnh phn dung dch F v H?

Bi 14: Vit phng trnh ha hc th hin dy chuyn ha (ghi y iu kin)

a/ N2 ( NO ( NO2 ( HNO3 ( Fe(NO3)3 ( NO2.

b/ NH4NO3 ( N2 ( NO2 ( NaNO3( O2.

NH3 ( Cu(OH)2 ( [Cu(NH3)4]OH

c/ NH3 ( NO ( NO2 ( HNO3 ( H3PO4 ( Ca3(PO4)2 ( CaCO3.

d/ N2 ( NH3(NO(NO2(HNO3(Cu(NO3)2(CuO(Cu(CuCl2(Cu(OH)2( [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2

III. Bi tp v nh:

Bi 1: Nu cc cch c th c thc hin mi chuyn ho sau:

a) ?

3

HNO

Fe(NO3)3 b) ?

3

HNO

Cu(NO3)2

Bi 2: Cho Mg phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh X gm NO, N2O. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v mt cht kt ta. Vit phng trnh ha hc dng phn t v ion rut gn.

Bi 3: Hon thnh chui phn ng:

1

)

N

H

4

N

O

2

N

2

N

H

3

N

O

H

N

O

3

N

H

4

N

O

3

N

O

2

F

e

(

O

H

)

2

N

H

3

(

1

)

(

2

)

(

3

)

(

4

)

(

5

)

(

7

)

(

8

)

(

6

)

Dng 2: Nhn bit cc cht

I. L thuyt:

- HS cn nm tnh cht ha hc.

- Thuc th nhn bit cc anion c hc: Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, CO32-

II. Bi tp vn dng:

Bi 1: Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc cht sau

a. HNO3, NaCl, HCl, NaNO3.

b. (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, KCl, KNO3.

c. NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaNO3.

d. Na3PO4, NaCl, NaNO3, HNO3, H3PO4

Bi 2: Phn bit cc cht ng ring bit trong cc bnh khc nhau:

a/ Cc kh: N2, NH3, CO2, NO.

b/ Cht rn: P2O5, N2O5, NaNO3, NH4Cl.

c/ dung dch Na3PO4, NH3, NaOH, NH4NO3, HNO3.

Bi 3: Nhn bit bng:

a/ Cc dung dch : NH3 , (NH4)2SO4 , NH4Cl ,Na2SO4 .

b/ Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4 , NH4NO3, K2SO4, Na2CO3, KCl.

c/ Ch dng mt ha cht duy nht nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaCl

d/ qu tm Ba(OH)2, H2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH3.

e/ mt thuc th: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, Fe(NO3)3.

Bi 4: Tch v tinh ch:

a/ Tinh ch N2 khi b ln CO2, H2S.

b/ Tch tng cht ra khi hn hpp kh: N2, NH3, CO2.

c/ Tch tng cht ra khi hn hpp rn NH4Cl, NaCl, MgCl2.

III. Bi tp v nh:

Bi 1: Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit cc cht sau

a. HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, H2S.

b. KNO3, HNO3, K2SO4, H2SO4, KCl, HCl.

c. Mg(NO3)2, MgCl2, MgSO4, CuSO4, CuCl2, Cu(NO3)2.

Bi 2: Phn bit cc cht ng ring bit trong cc bnh khc nhau:

a/ Cc kh: NH3, SO2, H2, O2, N2, Cl2.

b/ Cht rn: NH4NO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3.

c/ dung dch cha: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4.

Dng 3: Bi ton v cht kh (N2, H2, NH3)

I. L thuyt:

- HS cn nm tnh cht ha hc v cch iu ch NH3 v mui amoni.

- Khi tng hp NH3 t N2 v H2: N2 + 3H2

2NH3

+ C 1 mol N2 phn ng vi 3 mol H2 to ra 2 mol NH3 th s mol kh gim 2 mol.

+ Theo BTKL => mkh sau = mkh trc

- Phng trnh cht kh: PV = nRT vi R = 22,4/273 ; T = 273 + toC

II. Bi tp vn dng:

Bi 1: Cho NH3 phn ng vi axit clohiric thu c mui. Mui ny phn ng va vi 500ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M

a. Tnh khi lng amoniac dng

b. Nu lng amoniac trn phn ng vi dung dch AlCl3 th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta.

s: mNH3 = 0,85gm = 1,3g

Bi 2: Hp th V lt kh NH3 (ktc) vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3 d thu c kt ta A. Nung kt ta A n khi lng khng i thu c 1,08 gam cht rn khan. Tnh gi tr ca V.

Bi 3: Nhit phn dung dch ho tan 21,825 gam hn hp NH4Cl v NaNO2 c t l s mol NH4Cl : NaNO2 = 3 : 4. Tnh th tch kh N2 thu c (ktc)

Bi 4: Ho tan m gam hn hp NH4Cl v (NH4)2SO4 c t l s mol NH4Cl : (NH4)2SO4 = 1 : 2 vo nc c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d un nng thu c 13,44 lt NH3 (ktc). Tnh gi tr m.

Bi 5: Cho m gam kali vo 600ml dung dch NH4Cl 1M thu c V lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 6,625 (V > 6,72lt). Tnh gi tr ca m.

Bi 6: Cho 400 ml dung dch hn hp Al2(SO4)3 v Fe2(SO4)3 c t l s mol Al2(SO4)3 : Fe2(SO4)3 = 1 : 2 tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d. Lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 4,22 gam kt ta. Tnh nng ion SO42- trong dung dch ban u.

Bi 7: Nung m gam hn hp gm NH4Cl v Ca(OH)2, sau phn ng thu c V lit kh NH3 (ktc) v 10, 175 gam hn hp Ca(OH)2 v CaCl2 khan. hp th ht lng NH3 trn cn ti thiu 75ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. Tnh gi tr ca m.

Bi 1: Cho mt hn hp kh gm N2 v H2 c t khi i vi H2 l 4,9 qua thp tng hp, ngi ta thu c hn hp mi c t khi i vi H2 l 6,125. Tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH3

Bi 2: Trong bnh phn ng lc u c 40 mol N2 v 160 mol H2 p sut l 400 at. Khi phn ng t trng thi cn bng th N2 phn ng l 25%.

a) Tnh s mol mi kh trong hn hp sau phn ng.

b) Tnh p sut sau phn ng (nhit ban u v sau p khng i)

Bi 3: Cho hn hp N2 v H2 vo bnh phn ng c nhit khng i. Sau mt thi gian phn ng th p sut trong bnh gim 5% so vi ban u. Tnh %V ca N2 v H2 lc u, bit N2 phn ng 10%.

HD:

Bi 4: (SBT 11) Cho 4 lt N2 v 14 lt H2 vo bnh phn ng. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh c th tch bng 16,4 lt , bit cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Tnh th tch kh NH3 to thnh v hiu sut ca phn ng.

Bi 5: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch V lt cha 100 mol (N2 v H2) theo t l mol 1 : 4, p sut 200 at. Sau khi tng hp a v nhit ban u th p sut l 192 at .

a) Tnh s mol hn hp kh sau phn ng.

b) Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp

Bi 6: Hn hp kh N2 v H2 ly theo t l 1:3 v th tch c cho vo bnh phn ng c dung tch l 20 lit. p sut lc u l 4,2 atm, nhit 136,50 C

a. Tnh s mol N2, H2 ban u

b. Tnh s mol cc cht sau phn ng. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 20%

Bi 7: Cho 4,48 lit kh NH3 vo l cha 8,96 lit Cl2

a. Tnh % V ca hn hp kh thu c

b. Nu th tch ca NH3 ban u l 8,96 lit th sau phn ng thu c nhng cht g? Khi lng bao nhiu?

Bi 8: Mt hn hp gm hai kh nit v hiro tng s l 10mol, c t khi i vi hiro l 4,9. Cho hn hp i qua cht xc tc c nhit v p sut thch hp, ta c hn hp mi, s mol nit tham gia l 1 mol. Tnh hiu sut phn ng nit chuyn thnh NH3

Bi 9: Mt mu hn hp kh gm N2 v H2 c t l s mol l 1:3 c ly vo bnh phn ng c dung tch 20 lit. p sut ca hn hp kh lc u l 372 atm v nhit l 4270 C.

a. Tnh s mol N2 v H2 c lc u

b. Tnh s mol cc kh trong hn hp sau phn ng, bit hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp l 20%

c. Tnh p sut ca hn hp kh sau phn ng, bit nhit trong bnh c gi khng i

Bi 10: Mt mu hn hp kh thp tng hp ra c dn i qua dung dch H2SO4 long th th tch gim i 20%. C bao nhiu % th tch N2 v H2 trong mu ? Bit rng hn hp N2 v H2 lc u c ly theo ng t l ca cc cht trong phn ng.

Bi 11: Phi dng bao nhiu lt kh N2 v H2 thu c 17g NH3 . Bit hiu sut l 25 %.

Bi 12: Nung nng hh gm 4 lit N2 v 13 lit H2 (c xc tc thch hp) sau phn ng thu c 15 lit hh kh. Tnh th tch NH3 thu c v hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH3

Dng 4: Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3

II. Bi tp vn dng:

Xc nh lng kim loi

Bi 1: Cho m gam Al phn ng ht vi dung dch axit nitric thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO v NO2 c t khi so vi hiro bng 16,5 (khng c SPK khc). Tnh m.

HD: BT electron => m = 9,45 g

Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton m gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 thu c 13,44 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc). Khi lng ca 1 mol hn hp kh l 122/3. Tnh m.

Bi 3: Ha tan hon ton 3,68g hn hp gm Zn v Al vo 250ml dung dch HNO3 1M long va . Sau phn ng kt thc th ch thu c dung dch cha ba mui v khng c kh thot ra. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

Bi 4: Ha tan hon ton 11,9g mt hn hp Fe v Zn vo dung dch HNO3 c ngui th thu c 3584ml kh mu nu thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X..

a/ Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

b/ Tnh khi lng kt ta khi cho 96ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M vo dung dch X.

Bi 5: Ha tan hon ton 1,86g hn hp gm Mg v Al vo 75,6g dung dch HNO3 25%. Sau phn ng kt thc th thu c 560ml kh N2O (spk duy nht) v dung dch X.

a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

b. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d = 1,28g/ml) cho vo dung dch X th thu c: lng kt ta ln nht, lng kt ta nh nht.

Bi 6: Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp Al v Cu vo dung dch HNO3 c ngui th thu c 3584ml kh mu nu thot ra ( ktc ). Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl va th thu c 4032ml kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X.



Bi 7: Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp Al v Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long va th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c 2688ml kh thot ra ( ktc ).



Bi 8: Ha tan 3 gam hn hp Cu v Ag trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lit NO (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c 7,34 g hn hp mui khan.

a/ Tnh khi lng mi kim loi.

b/ Tnh th tch NO to thnh.

c/ cho hm lng Cu trong hn hp ban u l 80%, ta phi cho thm bao nhiu gam Cu na vo hn hp?

Bi 9: Cho m gam hn hp A gm Al, Fe phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d, thu c dung dch B v 11,2 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NH3 n d thu c 41,9 gam kt ta. Tnh m v % (m) mi kim loi trong A.

Bi 10: Cho 2,09g hn hp Cu v Al tc dng vi HNO3 c v nng thu c 2,912 lt kh mu nu ( spk duy nht, ktc)

a/ Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u

b/ Tnh khi lng HNO3 lm tan 2,09g hn hp.

Bi 11: Ha tan hon ton 7,92g hn hp A gm bt Al v Cu vo lng va dung dch HNO3 th thu c dung dch B v ch thot ra kh NO duy nht c th tch 3,136 lt (kc).

a) Tnh khi lng mi cht trong A.

b) c cn dung dch B, nung mui thu c n khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Tm m?

Bi 12: Cho 4,72g hn hp A gm Fe v Cu vo dung dch HNO3 20% th phn ng va thu c dung dch B v 1,568 lt kh NO(kc) .

a)Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong A.

b) Tnh nng phn trm dung dch mui B.

Bi 13: Mt hn hp gm 2 kim loi Al v Fe c khi lng 41,7 gam, em ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch cha 3 mui v 6,72 lt kh NO (ktc). Cho dung dch 3 mui tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 64,2 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi v khi lng mi mui.

Bi 14: Mt hn hp gm 2 kim loi Pb v Fe cho tc dng vi va th thu c 114,6 g mui khan. Cho ton b mui ny vo mt bnh kn P=0. Nung nng bnh n khi phn ng kt thc, a bnh v 00C, p sut trong bnh l 1,25 atm, Vbnh=22,4 lt (lng cht rn chim th tch khng ng k).

1/ Tnh % mi kim loi trong hn hp u.

2/ Tnh khi lng cht rn trong bnh.

Bi 15: Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp Zn v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 long va th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh thot ra ( ktc ) v dung dch X. Nu cng cho lng hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long th thu c 4480ml kh thot ra ( ktc ).

a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

b. Nu cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau phn ng kt thc, lc ly kt ta v un nng kt ta ny trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn.

Bi 16: ( 36) Cho 5,2 gam hn hp A gm Al, Fe,Cu tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH 6M thu c 2,688 lt H2 (ktc) sau thm tip 400 ml dung dch axt HCl 1M v un nng n kh H2 ngng thot ra . Lc tch cht rn B. Cho B tc dng ht vi HNO3 long thu c dung dch C v 0,672 lt kh NO (ktc). Cho C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta D.Nung kt ta D t0 cao ti khi lng khng i thu c cht rn E.

1/ Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi trong A.

2/ Tnh khi lng cht rn E (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)

Bi 17: ( 59) Ho tan hon ton 1,95 gam hn hp bt Al v Fe trong 0,16 lt dung dch HNO3 (nng a mol/l) thu c 0,896 lit kh NO (ktc) v dung dch A. Thm tip 0,54 gam Al vo dung dch A n khi Al tan ht thu oc dung dch B v kh duy nht NO (trong dung dch B khng cn HNO3) . Thm NaOH vo B n khi ton b mui Fe chuyn ht thnh hiroxit th va ht 0,2 lit dung dch NaOH 0,825 mol/l . Lc , nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 3,165 gam cht rn M .

1/ Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u .

2/ Tnh khi lng mi cht trong M

3/ Tnh a .

Bi : Cho m gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Mt khc cho m gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c V lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Tnh V ?

Xc nh kim loi

Bi 1: Ha tan hon ton 12,8g mt kim loi A c ha tr hai vo dung dch HNO3 60% (d = 1,365g/ml) th thu c 8960 ml kh mu nu ( ktc ).

a/ Xc nh tn kim loi A.

b/ Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 cn dng.

Bi 2: Ha tan hon ton 1,2g mt kim loi vo dung dch HNO3 d th thu c 134,4ml kh N2 (ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi.

Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 6,4g mt kim loi cha bit vo dung dch HNO3 th thu c 4480ml (ktc), cht kh cha 30,43%N v 68,57%O, t khi ca cht kh i vi H2 l 23. Xc nh tn kim loi.

Bi 4: Ha tan hon ton mt kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 va th thu c mt dung dch A v khng thy kh thot ra. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A th thy kh thot ra 2240ml (ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh tn kim loi M.

Bi 5: Ho tan 16,2 gam bt kim loi ho tr 3 vo 5 lt dung dch HNO3 0,5M(D = 1,25). Sau khi kt thc thu c 2,8lt hn hp kh NO, N2( 00C v 2atm). Trn hn hp kh trn vi lng O2 va , sau phn ng thy th tch hn hp kh thu c ch bng 5/6 tng th tch ca hn hp kh ban u v th tch ca O2 cho vo.

a) Xc nh kim loi.

b) Tnh nng % cc cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng.

Bi 6: ( 46) Khi ho tan cng mt lng kim loi R vo dung dch HNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 long th th tch kh NO2 thu c gp 3 ln th tch kh H2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Khi lng mui sunfat thu c bng 62,81% khi lng mui nitrat to thnh .

1/ Tnh khi lng nguyn t R.

2/ Mt khc , khi nung cng mt lng kim loi R nh trn cn th tch oxi bng 22,22% th tch NO2 ni trn (cng iu kin) thu c cht rn A v mt oxit ca R . Ho tan 20,88 gam A vo dung dch HNO3 (ly d 25% so vi lng cn thit) thu c 0,672 lt (ktc) kh B l mt oxit ca nit NxOy . Tnh khi lng HNO3 nguyn cht ly ho tan A .

Bi 7: ( 65) Cho 7,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i . Chia hn hp thnh hai phn bng nhau . Ho tan ht phn I rong dung dch HCl , c 2,128 lt H2 . Ho tan ht phn II trong dung dch HNO3 , c 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht .

1/ Xc nh % khi lng m kim loi trong hn hp X .

2/ Cho 3,61 gam X tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch A cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 . Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A, v 8,12 gam cht rn B gm 3 kim loi . cho cht rn B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc ; phn ng hon ton ) . Tnh nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong dung dch A .

Bi 8: Ho tan va mt lng hn hp kim loi M v oxit MO (M c ho tr khng i, Mo khng phi oxit lng tnh) trong 750 ml dung dch HNO3 0,2M c dung dch A v kh NO. Cho A tc dng va vi 240 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c 2,4 gam cht rn. Tm M, tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u v th tch kh NO sinh ra 27,30C v 1 atm.

Bi 9: Hn hp X c khi lng 6,88 g gm 2 kim loi A (ho tr I), B (ho tr II). ho tan hon ton lng kim loi trn cn 12 ml dung dch HNO3 90% (d=1,4) th va v ch thu c mt kh duy nht c mu nu.

1. Nu c cn th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.

2. Xc nh A, B bit MA/MB=27/16 v nA=nB.

3. Nhit phn hon ton s gam mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch. Tnh khi lng hn hp kh sinh ra v t khi ca hn hp kh so vi hiro.

Bi 10: ( 48) Cho hn hp A gm kim loi R (ho tr I) v kim loi X (ho tr II) . Ho tan 3 gam A vo dung dch c cha HNO3 v H2SO4 thu c 2,94 gam hn hp B gm kh NO2 v kh D , c th tch bng 1,344 lt (ktc) .

1/ Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c .

2/ Nu t l kh NO2 v kh D thay i th khi lng mui khan thay i trong khong gi tr no ?

3/ Nu cho cng mt lng kh clo ln lt tc dng hon ton vi kim loi R v vi X th khi lng R phn ng gp 3,375 ln khi lng ca kim loi X ; khi lng mui clorua ca R gp 2,126 ln khi lng mui clorua ca X to thnh .

Hy tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca kim loi trong hn hp A.

Xc nh lng HNO3

Bi 1: Ha tan hon ton 2,5g mt hn hp gm Cu, Fe v Au vo dung dch HNO3 25% th thu c 672ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) v 0,02g b rn khng tan.

a./ Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

b/ Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 dng.

Bi 2: Ha tan hon ton 7,6g hn hp gm ng v Fe vo dung dch HNO3 2M long d th thu c 2240ml kh thot ra v kh ny ha nu trong khng kh( ktc).


b/ Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 dng, bit rng dng d 10% so vi lng phn ng.

Bi 3: Ha tan hon ton 14,89g mt hn hp gm Mg, Al v vng vo 137,97gdung dch HNO3 th thu c 3584ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) v 9,89g cht rn.


b/ Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 dng.

Bi 4: Ha tan ht 14,4 gam hn hp Fe v Mg trong HNO3 long d thu c dung dch A v 2,352 lit (ktc) hn hp 2 kh N2 v N2O c khi lng 3,74 gam.

a/ Tnh %(m) ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ?

b/ Tnh s mol HNO3 ban u, bit lng HNO3 d 10% so vi lng cn thit.

Bi 5: Ho tan ht 4,431 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,95 gam, trong c mt kh b ho nu ngoi khng kh.

1. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mikim loi trong hn hp.

2. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng.

3. Khi c cn dung dch A th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan.

Bi 6: Cho 30,4g hn hp Cu v Fe tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HNO3 long du th thu c 8,96 lt NO ( ktc)

a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.

b) trung ha lng axit d trong dung dch th cn phi dng 150g dung dch NaOH 20%. Tm nng mol/l dung dch HNO3 ban u.

Bi 7: t chy hon ton m gam Cu ngoi khng kh c hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan hon ton X trong 200 gam dung dch HNO3 c dung dch Y v 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Y tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c kt ta R. Sau khi nung R n khi lng khng i c 20 gam cht rn.

1. Tnh khi lng Cu ban u v thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong X.

2. Tnh nng % ca HNO3 trong dung dch ban u.

Bi 8 Ho tan 16,2 g bt kim loi ho tr III vo 5 lt dung dch HNO3 0,5M (d=1,25). Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 5,6 lt hn hp kh NO v N2. Trn hn hp kh vi O2. Sau phn ng thy th tch kh ch bng 5/6 tng th tch hn hp kh ban u v oxi thm vo.

1. Xc nh kim loi.

2. Tnh C% ca dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng.

Bit oxi phn ng va vi hn hp kh. Cc kh o ktc.

Xc nh sn phm kh

Bi 1: Ha tan hon ton 9,6 g Mg trong mt lng dung dch axit HNO3 thu th c 2,464 lt kh A (spk duy nht) 27,30C v 1atm. Xc nh cng thc v gi tn kh A

Bi 2: Chia hn hp X gm Al, Al2O3 v ZnO thnh 2 phn bng nhau.

Phn 1: Tan trong NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt H2(ktc).

Phn 2: Tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,68 lt kh Y( ktc). Xc nh kh Y

Bi 3: Ha tan 62,1 g kim loi M tc dng va vi V lt dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 16,8 lt kh X gm 2 kh khng mu, khng ha nu ngoi khng kh. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 17,2. Xc nh kim loi M v V

Bi 4: Tm cng thc ca cht A c cng thc NOx v cht B c cng thc NOy bit t khi MA/MB = 1,533333.

Bi 5: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X

Bi 6: Ho tan hon ton 31,8g hn hp Al, Mg bng dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch A v 8,96 lit hn hp kh B (ktc) gm N2, N2O (khng cn spk khc), dB/H2 =20. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng v khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn A

Bi 7: Ho tan hon ton 5,1g hn hp Al, Mg (t l mol 1 : 1) bng dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch A v 0,896 lit hn hp kh B (ktc) gm N2, N2O , dB/H2 =20. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng v khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch A?

Bi 8: Cho 25,025g Zn tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c 1,68 lt hn hp kh X (gm N2 v N2O , dX/H2 = 17,2) v dung dch Y.

Tnh khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch Y v s mol HNO3 phn ng ?

Bi 9: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c dung dch X v 8,96 lit (ktc) hn hp kh Y (gm N2 v N2O, dY/H2 = 19). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo X v un nh th thu c 2,688 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m ?

Bi 10: Cho 9,75g Zn tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,672 lt kh X (spk duy nht ktc). Xc nh X ?

Bi 11: Cho 6,75g Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 5,6 lt kh X (spk duy nht ktc). Xc nh X ?

Bi 12: Ha tan hon ton 8,4g Mg trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v kh X vi t l mol ln lt l 2 : 1. Xc nh kh X ?

Bi 13: Cho 7,8g hn hp Mg v Al (t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2) tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh A (spk duy nht ktc). Xc nh A ?

Bi 14: Cho 8,1g Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 va , thu c 2,24 lt kh N2O (ktc) v dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X ?

Dng 5: HNO3 tc dng vi hn hp kim loi v oxit kim loi

Bi 1: Cho 25,8g hn hp Al v Al2O3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 2,24 lt NO ( ktc).

a) Xc nh phn trm khi lng Al v phn trm khi lng Al2O3 trong hn hp ban u.

b) Tm th tch dung dch HNO3 2M cn dng.

Bi 2: Ha tan hon ton 4 (g) hn hp G gm Mg v MgO vo lng va dung dch HNO3 40%, th thu c 672 ml kh N2 (kc).

a/ Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp G.

b/ Khi lng dung dch HNO3 .

c/ Tnh nng phn trm dung dch mui thu c.

Bi 3: Cho 3,52 g hn hp Cu v CuO tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 448 ml kh NO (kc) v dung dch A.

a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u

b) Tnh lng HNO3 lm tan 3,52g hn hp ban u.

c) Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh.

Bi 4: Cho 34 g hn hp Zn v CuO tc dng va ht vi V lt dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 2,24 lt N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch A.

a/ Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp u.

b/ Th tch dung dch HNO3 cn dng.

c/ Tnh nng mol/l dung dch mui thu c.

Bi 5: Cho 60 (g) hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 tc dng vi 3 lit dung dch HNO3 1M thu c 13,44 lt NO ( ktc).

a) Tnh khi lng mi cht c trong hn hp ban u.

b)Tm nng mol/lt cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng.

Bi 6: Ha tan hon ton 2,72g hn hp gm Fe v Fe2O3 vo trong 100ml dung dch HNO3 c, nng 2M d th thu c 1344ml kh mu nu (ktc).

a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.

b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng.

Bi 7: Cho 23,1g hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 2M th thu c 1120ml kh thot ra v ha nu trong khng kh ( 0oC v 2atm ).

a. Xc nh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.

b. Tnh th tch ca dung dch HNO3 cn dng khi c s hao ht 20%.

Bi 8: Cho18,5g hn hp Fe3O4 v Fe tc dng vi 200ml dung dch HNO3(l) un nng v khuy sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c 2240ml kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (ktc) , dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46g kim loi.

a. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3.

b. Tnh khi lng ca dung dch mui Z1.

Bi 9: Mt hn hp X gm bt Fe v bt MgO ho tan hon ton va trong dung dch HNO3 to ra 0,112 lt kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh(o 27,30C, 6,6atm). Dung dch thu c em c cn c 10,22 gam mui khan.

a) Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u.

b) Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 0,8M tham gia phn ng.

c) Chng minh s c mt ca Fe v MgO trong hn hp trn.

Bi 10: Ha tan ho ton m gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 bng dung dch HNO3 d th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 (kc). C cn dung dch thu c 145,2 gam mui khan. Tm m?

Bi 11: (H-B-2007) Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp rn X. Ho tan rn X trong dung dch HNO3 d thot ra 0,56 lt kh NO (kc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm m?

HD: BT e => 3.m/56 = 2.(3 m)/16 + 3.0,025 => m = 2,52g

Bi 12: Oxi ha 10,08 g bt st thu c m g cht rn gm 4 cht. Th hn hp rn vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh. Tnh khi lng ca hn hp rn.

Bi 13: m g bt Fe (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp B c khi lng 30 g gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton B vo dung dch HNO3 thy gii phng ra 5,6 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc)

a) Tnh m.

b) Nu ha tan hn hp (A) bng dung dch HNO3 c, nng d th c bao nhiu lt kh NO2 duy nht bay ra ktc?

Bi 14: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 long nng d thu c 4,48 lt kh hn hp kh gm NO2 v NO (ktc) v 96,8 gam mui Fe(NO3)3. Hy cho bit s mol HNO3 phn ng.

HD: nHNO3 p = nNO3- + nNO + nNO2 = nNO3- + nhh kh = 3.0,4 + 0,2 = 1,4 mol

Bi 15: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm Fe; FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4 vo 63 gam dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,336 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc). Cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c kt ta ln nht. Lc thu kt ta nung n khi lng khng i thu c 8 gam cht rn. Nng % ca dung dch HNO3 l

Bi 16: Cho m gam phoi st ra ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 12 gam hn hp gm ( Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, v Fe2O3). Ho tan hn hp ny bng dung dch HNO3 ngi ta thu dc dung dch A v 2,24 lt NO KTC.

1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng

2. Tnh m

Bi 17: t chy 5,6 gam bt st trong bnh ng oxi thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A: Fe,Fe3O4,v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2 .T khi ca B so vi hiro bng 19

1.Vit phng trnh phn ng .

2.Tnh th tch V KTC.

3.Cho mt bnh kn dung tch khng i l 4 lt cha 640 ml H2O ( d=1g/

bai tap boi duong kien thuc lop 11 nang cao

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