balaceanu petru medic rezident an i - socola.eu transmisia serotoninergica - dr... · transmisia...
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Balaceanu PetruMedic rezident an I
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Sinapsa reprezinta legatura dintre doineuroni si poate fi de tip:1) axo-dendritic2) axo-somatic3) axo-axonic
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- Este o caracteristica a sinapselor
- Reprezinta transmiterea unidirectionala ainfluxului nervos, de la neuronul presinaptic lacel postsinaptic
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In momentul in care unstimul (lumina,neurotransmitator,medicamente, hormoni,impulsuri nervoase)actioneaza asupraneuronului presinaptic,se formeaza un potentialelectric care estetransmis prindepolarizare pana laaxonul terminal.
Activarea sistemului excitatie-secretie determina eliberareaneurotransmitatorilor in fantasinaptica pentru a interactionacu receptorii neuronuluipostsinaptic. Astfel, desistimulul din interiorul neuronuluieste electric, comunicarea dintreneuroni este chimica.
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1)Serotonina2)Norepinefrina3)Dopamina4) Acetilcolina5)GABA (acidul gama amino butiric)6)Glutamina
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Reprezinta proprietatea neuronilor presinaptici de a recapta neurotransmitatorii eliberati in fanta sinaptica, cu ajutorul unor structuri specifice.
Avantajele recaptarii sunt: depozitarea neurotransmitatorilor protectia fata de enzimele metabolizatoare posibilitatea reutilizarii imediate
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1) Transportorul solubil -SLC 6: Include transportorii pentru serotonina (SERT), norepinefrina (NET), dompamina (DAT), GABA si glicina
2)Transpotorul solubil - SLC 1: Include transportorii cu afinitate crescuta pentru glutamat.
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Blocarea transportorului→Blocajul tuturor sinapselor care utilizeaza acel neurotransmitator→Creste cantitatea neurotransmitatorului in fanta sinaptica→Creste activitatea sinaptica
Astfel se explica actiunea medicamentelor antidepresive, care blocheaza SERT si/sau NET
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1) Familia genelor SLC 18 - cuprinde : a) transportorii veziculari pentru monoamine
(VMATs) - serotonina, norepinefrina, dopamina, histamina
b) transportorii veziculari pentru acetilcolina (VAchT)
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2) Familia genelor SLC 32 - cuprindetransportorii veziculari inhibitori aiaminoacizilor (VIAATs)
3) Familia genelor SLC 17 - cuprindetransportorii veziculari ai glutamatului(VGluT1-3)
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Inca nu s-a descoperit un medicament caresa inhibe transportorii veziculari pentruAcetilcolina, GABA sau Glutamat.
Medicamentele precum Rezerpina,Tetrabenazina si Amfetamina pot blocatransportorii veziculari pentru monoamine(VMAT), in special cei pentru dopamina sinorepinefrina.
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Este un neurotransmitator derivat din triptofan.
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- Tractul gastointestinal- Trombocite- Sistemul Nervos Central
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In tractul gastrointestinal, la nivelulcelulelor enterocromafine, se gaseste 90% dincantitatea totala de serotonina din organism.Aceste celule se gasesc in mucoasa intestinuluisubtire si colonului si au rolul de a secretaserotonina, stimuland astfel contractiaperistaltica si secretia glandelor intestinale.
Excesul de serotonina este captat detrombocitele din sangele venos intestinal.Serotonina are efect vasoconstrictor si dereglare a cascadei coagularii.
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La nivelul SNC, serotonina este secretata de nucleii raphe, localizati pe linia mediana a trunchiului cerebral.
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Bulb - proiectii descendente1) Nucleul obscurus 2) Nucleul magnus catre MS si TC3) Nucleul pallidus
Punte – proiectii ascendente1) Nucleul pontin2) Nucleul central inferior In mezencefal: catre ariile cerebrale1) Nucleul dorsal 2) Nucleul central superior
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Proiectiile din nucleii raphe din bulb setermina in cornul dorsal al substantei cenusiidin maduva spinarii, formand calea inhibitoriedescendenta. Acest sistem are rolul de a inhibatransmisia prin caile nociceptive a stimulilordurerosi irelevanti, proveniti de la nivelulmuschilor, articulatiilor si tubului digestiv.
Scaderea eliberarii de serotonina de catresistemul inhibitor descendent determinaaparitia durerii in boli precum depresia,fibromialgia, sindromul de colon iritabil.
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La nivelul fantei sinaptice, serotonina este metabolizata de catre enzima monoamino oxidaza (MAO-A)
Serotonina este metabolizata in ficat la 5-HIAA - acid 5-hidroxi indol acetic, fiind apoi excretata in urina
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- Exista 7 famili de receptori serotoninergici. - Acestia sunt cuplati cu proteinele G, cu exceptia tipului 3 care sunt cuplati cu un canal ionic Na/K. - Mediaza atat neurotransmisia excitatorie cat si cea inhibitorie
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Family Type Mechanism Potential
5-HT1Gi/Go-protein coupled.
Decreasing cellular levels of cAMP.
Inhibitory
5-HT2Gq/G11-protein coupled.
Increasing cellular levels of IP3 and DAG.
Excitatory
5-HT3
Ligand-gated Na+ and K+
cation channel.Depolarizing plasma membrane. Excitatory
5-HT4Gs-protein coupled.
Increasing cellular levels of cAMP.
Excitatory
5-HT5Gi/Go-protein coupled.
Decreasing cellular levels of cAMP.
Inhibitory
5-HT6Gs-protein coupled.
Increasing cellular levels of cAMP.
Excitatory
5-HT7
Gs-protein coupled.
Increasing cellular levels of cAMP.
Excitatory
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Receptor Receptor function
5-HT1AMemory; learning; anxiety; depression; analgesia; aggression; serotonin release and synthesis ;
5-HT1B Vasoconstriction; aggression; bone mass
5-HT1D Vasoconstriction 5-HT1E5-HT1F
5-HT2ADepression; anxiety; positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
5-HT2B Cardiovascular functioning; empathy
5-HT2CDopamine release; acetylcholine release in the prefrontal cortex; appetite; antipsychotic effects; antidepressant effects
5-HT3 Emesis; anxiolysis
5-HT4Movement of food across the GI tract; memory & learning; antidepressant effects
5-HT5A Memory consolidation
5-HT6 Cognition; antidepressant effects
5-HT7 Cognition; antidepressant effects
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Va multumesc !