Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

Tun : 5 Ngay soan: 02/10/2007 Tit : 15 Bai 9 : BANG TUN HOAN CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC I. MUC TIU BAI HOC 1. V kin thc Hiu c: -Nguyn tc sp xp cac nguyn t trong bang tun hoan . -Cu tao cua bang tun hoan :,chu ki,nhom nguyn t ,cac nguyn t ho Lantan,ho Actini. 2. Ki nng T vi tri trong bang tun hoan cua nguyn t (, nhom ,chu ki)suy ra cu hinh electron nguyn t va ngc lai . 3. Thai II. CHUN BI III. PHNG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YU Phng phap din giang , am thoai gi m kt hp vi s dung cac dung day hoc trc quan. IV. THIT K CC HOT NG DY HC 1. n nh v T Chc Lp Hc 2. Kim Tra Bi C 3. Vo Bi Mi : Hoat ng Cua GV Hoat ng 1 Nm 1860 nha bac hoc ngi Nga Men-e-l-ep a xut y tng xy dng bang tun hoan cac nguyn t hoa hoc .Nm 1869 , ng cng b ban bang tun hoan cac nguyn t hoa hoc 1870 nha khoa hoc ngi c Lothar Mayer nghin cu c lp cung a ra mt bang tun hoan cac nguyn t hoa hoc tng t nh bang cua Mene-l-ep. Hoat ng 2 :gv a ra bang tun hoan va hng dn hoc sinh tim ra nguyn tc sp xp . Hoat ng 3: gv a ra bang ve trang 33 SGK cho hoc sinh va hng dn hoc sinh xac inh cac d kin trn nguyn t . vd : Al ,gv goi hoc sinh xac inh : . S hiu nguyn t : .ki hiu hoa hoc : .nguyn t khi : . m in .cu hinh e Hoat ng Cua HS Hoc sinh lng nghe. GHI BANG I. Nguyn tc sp xp cac nguyn t trong bang tun hoan . 1. Cac nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn cua in tich hat nhn nguyn t . 2. Cac nguyn t co cung s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thanh mt hang . 3. Cac nguyn t co s electron hoa tri trong nguyn t c xp thanh mt ct.

II. Cu tao cua bang tun hoan cac nguyn t hoa hoc . 1. nguyn t Hoc sinh da vao bang tun * nguyn t : la mi nguyn t hoa hoc hoan nhn ra 3 nguyn tc c xp vao mt cua bang tun hoan . - nguyn t cho bit : S hiu nguyn t , ki hiu hoa hoc , S h i n u g u t y n N g nu t k h i y t r u nb n gh K h i u 1 3 2 6 , 9 8 h h a c n m i 1 , 6 1 N hm T n n g u t y [ N ] e3 2 3 1 p C hun h e l e c t r o n n s S o xh y a + 3

+ S hiu nguyn t : 13 +ki A l hiu hoa hoc : Al +nguyn t khi : 26,9 + m in : 1,61 +cu hinh e1s22s22p63s23p1 +s oxh : 3 Vd : stt = 13 => + S hiu nguyn t : 13, ki hiu hoa hoc : Al , nguyn t khi : 26,98 , Hoc sinh nhn xet s lp m in : 1,61 , cu hinh e : electron cua cac nguyn t 1s22s22p63s23p1 , s oxh : 3 Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng Hoat ng 4: gv a bang 5 sgk cho hoc sinh xac inh s lp electron cua cac nguyn t tng chu ki . Goi hoc sinh rut ra khi nim tng chu ki -Gv cho hoc sinh xac inh cac nguyn t trong chu ki 1 7 . -GV gii thiu khi qut t chu k 1 n chu k 7, c bit lu chu k 2 v 3 vi nhng c im cn bn m HS s phi s dng nhiu. Chu k 2 gm 8 nguyn t bt u l liti (Z=3) v kt thc l neon (Z=10). Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ny c 2 lp electron: lp K (gm 2 electron) v lp L. S electron ca lp L tng dn t 1 liti n ti a l 8 neon, khi lp electron ngoi cng bo ha. cung chu ki . Rut ra khai nim v chu ki

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao 2. Chu ki * chu ki : la day cac nguyn t ma nguyn t cua chung co cung s lp electron , c xp theo chiu THN tng dn.

Cac nhom thao lun va cho Stt cua chu ki = s lp e trong nguyn t bit cac nguyn t trong tng chu ki . * Chu ki nao cung bt u bng mt kim loai kim va kt thuc bng mt khi him (tr chu ki 1 la chu ki c bit ) . + Chu ki 1 : gm 2 nguyn t bt u H (Z=1) kt thuc la He(Z= 2) + Chu ki 2 : gm 8 nguyn t bt u Li (Z=3) kt thuc la Ne(Z= 10) + Chu ki 3 : gm 8 nguyn t bt u Na (Z=11) kt thuc la Ar(Z= 18) + Chu ki 4 : gm 18 nguyn t bt u K (Z=19) kt thuc la Kr(Z=36) + Chu ki 5 : gm 18 nguyn t bt u Rb (Z=37) kt thuc la Xe(Z= 54) + Chu ki 6 : gm 32 nguyn t bt u Cs (Z=55) kt thuc la Rn(Z= 86) + Chu ki 7 : Cha hoan thanh . * Lu : - Cc chu k 1,2 v 3 l cc chu k nh . Chu k 3 gm 8 nguyn t bt - Cc chu k 4,5,6 v 7 l cc chu k ln . u t natri (Z=11) v kt thc l agon (Z=18). Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ny c 3 lp electron: lp K (2 electron), lp L (8 electron) v lp M. S electron ca lp M tng t 1 n 8 khi Z tng t 11 n 18. Lp electron ngoi cng t ti kin trc vng bn nh ca nguyn t kh him agon. Bai tp trc nghim: Cu 1 : Cac nguyn t xp chu ki 6 co s lp electron trong nguyn t la : A.6 B.5 C. 3 D.7 Cu 2 :S nguyn t trong chu ki 3 va chu ki 5 la: A.8 va 18 B.18 va 8 C. 8 va 8 D.18 va 18 Cu 3 :Trong bang tun hoan cac nguyn t ,s chu ki nho va chu ki ln la A.3 va 4 B.3 va 3 C. 4 va 3 D.4 va 4 Cu 4 :Trong bang tun hoan , cac nguyn t c sp xp theo nguyn tc nao ? A.Theo chiu tng cua in tich hat nhn B. Cac nguyn t co cung s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thanh mt hang C. cac nguyn t cung s electron hoa tri trong nguyn t c xp thanh 1 ct. D. Ca A,B,C . Bai tp v nha: 1 n 8 trang 39 Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

Dn do : V nha oc phn bai cn li . 4. Rt kinh nghim: ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

Tun : 6 Ngay soan: 02/10/2007 Tit : 16 Bai 9 : BANG TUN HOAN CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC I. MUC TIU BAI HOC 1. V kin thc Hiu c: -Nguyn tc sp xp cac nguyn t trong bang tun hoan . -Cu tao cua bang tun hoan :,chu ki,nhom nguyn t ,cac nguyn t ho Lantan,ho Actini. 2. Ki nng T vi tri trong bang tun hoan cua nguyn t (, nhom ,chu ki)suy ra cu hinh electron nguyn t va ngc lai . 3. Thai II. CHUN BI III. PHNG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YU Phng phap din giang , am thoai gi m kt hp vi s dung cac dung day hoc trc quan. IV. THIT K CC HOT NG DY HC 1. n nh v T Chc Lp Hc 2. Kim Tra Bi C 3. Vo Bi Mi : Hoat ng Cua GV Hoat ng Cua HS Hoat ng 1:gv a ra bang 5 sgk va yu cu : -Nhn xet cu hinh electron Co dang : ns1; ns2; ns2np1. lp ngoai cung nhom IA , IIA, IIIA. -S electron lp ngoai cung . Co 1,2,3 electron . Cho bit kn nhom nguyn t ? Nhom nguyn t : gm cac nguyn t co cu hinh electron nguyn t lp ngoai cung tng t nhau , do o co tinh cht hoa hoc gn Da vao bang tun hoan ta ging nhau va c xp thy co 2 loai nhom : A va B. thanh mt ct . Hoat ng 2: Cho bit nhom A gm bao gm 8 nhom c anh s nhiu nhom ? Ki hiu nhom A. t IA -> VIIIA -Nhom A : bao gm cac nguyn t s va cac nguyn t p + Nguyn t s : la cac - Gv goi hoc sinh cho bit th nguyn t ma nguyn t co nao la nguyn t s,p. electron cui cung c Stt cua nhom = s e lp ngoai in vao phn lp s. GHI BANG 3. Nhom nguyn t * Nhom nguyn t : l tp hp cac nguyn t m nguyn t co cu hinh electron nguyn t lp ngoai cung tng t nhau , do o co tinh cht hoa hoc gn ging nhau va c xp thanh mt ct . -Co 2 loai nhom : Nhom A va Nhom B.

a. Nhom A : gm 8 nhom c anh s t IA -> VIIIA -Nhom A : bao gm cac nguyn t s va cac nguyn t p + Nguyn t s : la cac nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cht cung c in vao phn lp s . (Khi cc nguyn t s gm cc nguyn Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng cung cua cac nguyn t trong + Nguyn t p : la cac nhom . nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cui cung c in vao phn lp p.

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao t nhm IA , IIA .) + Nguyn t p : la cac nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cht cung c in vao phn lp p. Vd : Na(Z=11) :1s22s22p63s1 Mg(Z=12) :1s22s22p63s2 Stt cua nhom = s e lp ngoai cung cua cac nguyn t trong nhom . Vd: Na thuc nhom IA Mg thuc nhom IIA -Nhom A co ca cac nguyn t thuc chu ki nho va chu ki ln . b. Nhom B: gm 8 nhom c anh s ( bng ch la ma )t IIIB -> VIIIB ri ti IB va IIB . -Nhom B : bao gm cac nguyn t d va cac nguyn t f + Nguyn t d: la cac nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cht cung c in vao phn lp d. + Nguyn t f: la cac nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cht cung c in vao phn lp f. Vd: Fe(Z=26) :1s22s22p63s13p63d64s2 Cu(Z=29) : 1s22s22p63s13p63d104s1 Stt cua nhom B = tng s e 2 phn lp ngoai cung Vd: Fe thuc nhom VIIB Cu thuc nhom IB -Nhom B gm cac nguyn t thuc chu ki ln . Nhom B c goi la cac nguyn t chuyn tip . Ap Dung: -Cho Na co cu hinh la : 1s22s22p63s1.Xac inh vi tri cua nguyn t Na trn bang tun hoan . Giai -Stt : 11 -chu ki :3 -Nhom :IA 16 14 27 30 56 64 Vd : 8 O ; 7 N ; 13 Al ; 15 P ; 26 Fe ; 29 Cu . Hay xac inh vi tri cac nguyn t trn bang tun hoan . -Cho nguyn t X thuc chu ki 3 nhom IIA . Vit cu hinh electron y u cua X. Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Hoat ng 3: Cho bit nhom B gm bao nhiu nhom ? Ki hiu nhom B. Nhom B : bao gm cac nguyn t d va cac nguyn t f - Gv goi hoc sinh cho bit th nao la nguyn t d, f. Stt cua nhom B = tng s e 2 phn lp ngoai cung

gm 8 nhom c anh s ( bng ch la ma )t IIIB -> VIIIB ri ti IB va IIB . + Nguyn t d: la cac nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cui cung c in vao phn lp d. + Nguyn t f: la cac nguyn t ma nguyn t co electron cui cung c in vao phn lp f.

Hoat ng 4: gv hng dn hoc sinh xac inh vi tri nguyn t trn bang tun hoan . Mg , Al ,P, Fe, Ni -Stt : 12;chu ki :3;Nhom :IIA -Stt : 13;chu ki :3;Nhom :IIIA -Stt : 15;chu ki :3;Nhom :VA -Stt : 26;chu ki :4;Nhom Gv goi hoc sinh xac inh cu :VIIIB hinh e y u. -Cho nguyn t Y thuc chu ki 4 nhom IIA . Vit cu hinh electron y u cua X. Hoat ng 5: cung c + thuc chu ki 4 => co 4 lp

Trng THPT Phm Hng electron . +Nhom IIA => co 2 electron lp ngoai cung +Cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung la : 4s2 +Cu hinh electron y u : 1s22s22p63s23p64s2

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao + thuc chu ki 3 => co 3 lp electron . +Nhom IIA => co 2 electron lp ngoai cung +Cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung la : 3s2 +Cu hinh electron y u : 1s22s22p63s2.

Bai tp trc nghim: Cu 1 : C, N, O ln lt thuc nhom IVA,VA,VIA.Vy s electron ngoai cung la : A.4,5,6 B.5,6,7 C. 6,7,8 D.6,5,6 Cu 2 :Tim cu sai trong cac cu sau y A. Bang tun hoan gm co cac nguyn t ,cac chu ki va cac nhom . B. Chu ki la day cac nguyn t ma nguyn t cua chung co cung co cung s lp electron , c xp theo chiu in tich hat nhn tng dn . C. Bang tun hoan co 7 chu ki .S th t cua chu ki bng s phn lp electron trong nguyn t . D. Bang tun hoan co 8 nhom A va 8 nhom B. 30 Cu 3 :Vi tri cua 15 P trn bang tun hoan la : A. sst : 15 ; chu ki 3 ; nhom VA. B. sst : 15 ; chu ki 2 ; nhom VA. C. sst : 15 ; chu ki 4 ; nhom VIA. D. sst : 15 ; chu ki 3 ; nhom VIA. Cu 4 :Nguyn t X thuc chu ki 3 , nhom IIA. Vy cu hinh electron cua X la : A. 1s22s22p63s1 B. 1s22s22p63s2 C. 1s22s22p6 D.1s22s22p63s23p2 Bai tp v nha: 2.1 n 2.7 trang 14 SBT Dn do : V nha oc trc bai : S BIN I TUN HOAN CU HINH ELECTRON NGUYN T CUA CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC v tr li cc cu hi sau : 4. Rt kinh nghim: ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

Tun : 6 Tit : 17 Bai 10 :

Ngay soan: 22/9/2007

S BIN I TUN HOAN CU HINH ELECTRON NGUYN T CUA CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC

I. MUC TIU BAI HOC 1. V kin thc Hiu c: -c im cua electron lp ngoai cung cua nguyn t cac nguyn t nhom A. -S bin i tun hoan cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung cua nguyn t cac nguyn t trong chu ki . -S bin i tun hoan cu hinh electron nguyn t cac nguyn t chinh la nguyn nhn cua s bin i tun hoan v tinh cht cac nguyn t Bit dc ;c im cu hinh electron hoa tri cua nguyn t cac nguyn t nhom B. 2. Ki nng Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

-Da vao cu hinh electron nguyn t cua cac nguyn t nhom A , suy ra cu tao nguyn t ,c im cu hinh electron lp ngoai cung . -Da vao cu hinh electron ,xac inh nguyn t s,p,d,f 3. Thai II. CHUN BI III. PHNG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YU Phng phap din giang , am thoai gi m kt hp vi s dung cac dung day hoc trc quan. IV. THIT K CC HOT NG DY HC 1. n nh v T Chc Lp Hc 2. Kim Tra Bi C Cu 1 : Mt nguyn t chu k 3 , nhm VA ca bng tun hon . a. nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng ? ( 5 electron ) b. nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu lp electron ? ( 3 lp electron ) c. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t ? ( 1s22s22p63s23p3 ) Cu 2 : Mt nguyn t chu k 4 . nhm IIA ca bng tun hon (cu hi nh bi 3) 3. Vo Bi Mi : Hoat ng Cua GV Hot ng 1 : Gv s dng hnh 2.0 hc sinh nhn thy c s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng .Nhm Chu kIA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA

Hoat ng Cua HS

2Cu hnh electron

Li

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

3

Hc sinh hot ng nhm v trnh by ln bng Cc nhm nhn xt ln nhau

- Gv nhn xt kt qu cc nhm , sa cha sai st rt kinh nghim . Hot ng 2 : T cu hnh electron nguyn t hy nhn xt cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t theo chu k , theo nhm - Gv cht li : + nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau v bng s th t ca nhm . chnh l nguyn nhn lm cho cc nguyn t trong cng mt nhm c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau . +Sau mi chu k , cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A c lp li . chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon tnh cht cc nguyn t . Hot ng 3 : GV rn luyn cho hc sinh vit cu hnh electron cc nguyn t nhm B v cch xc nh STT ca cc nguyn t nhm B .

Hc sinh nhn xt v s bin i cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng theo nhm , chu k

Hc sinh lng nghe v ghi

- Hc sinh xc nh v

GHI BANG I. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T CA CC NGUYN T NHM A - Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau = STT ca nhm => nguyn nhn ca s ging nhau v tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong mt nhm A . - STT ca nhm = s electron ha tr = s electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t - Sau mi chu k , cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t nhm A c lp i lp li , ta ni rng chng bin i tun hon . Kt lun : S bin i tun hon v cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t khi in tch ht nhn tng dn chnh l nguyn nhn ca s bin i tun hon v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t . II . CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T CA CC NGUYN T NHM B - Cc nguyn t nhm B u thuc chu k ln . Chng l cc nguyn t d v nguyn t f , cn c gi cc kim loi chuyn tip . - Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ny thng c dng : (n-1)da ns2 . Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

- Da vo BTH , hc sinh nhn xt v tr tr ca nguyn t nhm a l s electron c in vo ( 1 10 ) cc nguyn t nhm B trong bng tun B trong bng tun hon Ni chung , cc nguyn t d v f c s hon . - hc sinh vit cu hnh electron ha tr nm lp ngoi cng - Gv yu cu hc sinh vit cu hnh electron hoc c phn lp phn lp st lp electron nguyn t ca 1 s nguyn t c ngoi cng cha bo ha , khi phn lp Z = 22 , 25 , 30 . T nhn xt v c st ngoi cng bo ha th s im xy dng v nguyn t ca cc electron ha tr c tnh theo s nguyn t nhm B . Lu mt s trng electron lp ngoi cng . hp c bit , nh nguyn t Cr ( Z = 24 ) t S = a + 2 , Cu ( Z = 29 ) trng hp ny c s + Nu S 8 th S = STT nhm . chuyn 1 electron phn lp ns vo phn + Nu S = 8 , 9 , 10 th nguyn t lp (n-1)d nhanh chng t cu hnh nhm VIIIB . bng bo ha hoc na bo ha . + Nu S = 11 th nguyn t nhm IB . - Gv thng bo cho hc sinh v s + Nu S = 12 th nguyn t nhm electron ha tr ca nguyn t cc nguyn Hc sinh lm cc cu IIB . t nhm B hi trc nghim . Hot ng 4 : Cng c bi Cng c : Cu 1 : in vo du 3 chm nhng t v cm t thch hp : - S th t ca chu k trng vi ca nguyn t trong chu k . - Trong mi chu k , s electron tng dn Cu 2 : Mnh no sau y khng ng ? a. nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng 1 nhm A bao gi cng c s electron lp ngoi cng bng nhau . b. STT ca nhm = s electron lp ngoi cn ca nguyn t nguyn t trong nhm . c. Cc nguyn t trong cng 1 nhm c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau . d. Trong 1 nhm , nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t thuc hai chu k lin tip hn km nhau 1 lp electron . e. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng 1 nhm A bin i tun hon . Cu 3 : Mt nguyn t chu k 3 , nhm VA ca bng tun hon . a. nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng ? ( 5 electron ) b. nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu lp electron ? ( 3 lp electron ) c. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t ? ( 1s22s22p63s23p3 ) Cu 4 : Mt nguyn t chu k 4 . nhm IIA ca bng tun hon (cu hi nh bi 3) Cu 5 : S bin thin tnh cht ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k sau li c lp li ging nh chu k trc l do A. s lp li tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc . B. s lp li tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc . C. s lp li cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc . B. s lp li tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc . Hy chn p n ng . Bai tp v nha: 1,2,3,4,5,6 SGK trang 44 . 2.9 ; 2.10 ; 2.12 ; 2.13 SBT . Dn do : V nha oc trc bai : S BIN I MT S AI LNG VT LY CUA CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC v tr li cu hi sau : + Th no l nng lng ion ha , m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t ? Quy lut bin i cc i lng vt l ny trong bng tun hon nh th no ? 4. Rt kinh nghim: ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

Tun : 6 Tit : 18 Bai 11 :

Ngay soan: 22/9/2007

S BIN I MT S AI LNG VT LY CUA CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC

I. MUC TIU BAI HOC 1. V kin thc Bit khai nim va qui lut bin i tun hoan cua ban kinh nguyn t ,nng lng ,nng lng ion hoa , m in trong chu ki ,trong nhom A. 2. Ki nng Da vao qui lut chung ,suy oan c s bin thin tinh cht c ban cua nguyn t trong chu ki (Nhom A) cu th ,thi du s bin thin v : m in ,ban kinh nguyn t ,nng lng ion hoa t nht . 3. Thai II. CHUN BI III. PHNG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YU Phng phap din giang , am thoai gi m kt hp vi s dung cac dung day hoc trc quan. IV. THIT K CC HOT NG DY HC 1. n nh v T Chc Lp Hc 2. Kim Tra Bi C 3. Vo Bi Mi : Hoat ng Cua GV Hot ng 1 : Gv cho hc sinh nghin cu hnh 2.1 tm ra quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t theo chu k v nhm . - Gv chia hc sinh 6 nhm gii thch quy lut bin i theo chu k v nhm - Gv t cu hi : Ti sao trong chu k v nhm A th THN u tng nhng s bin i bn knh khc nhau ? Gv gii thch thm : trong nhm A do s lp electron tng (chim u th) Hoat ng Cua HS Hc sinh nhn hnh nu qui lut bin i theo chu k v nhm A Hc sinh tho lun nhm v phn gii thch s bin i bn knh nguyn t theo chu k v nhm v trnh by ln bng . Cc nhm khc nhn xt Hc sinh c SGK + Trong chu k : cng s lp electron khi THN tng , lc ht gia ht nhn vi cc vi cc electron lp ngoi cng cng tng theo => bn knh nguyn t ni chung gim . + trong 1 nhm , Mc d THN tng nhanh nhng s lp electron tng dn chim u th => bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t tng Kt lun : Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A bin i tun hon theo GHI BANG I. BN KNH NGUYN T Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn - Trong cng mt chu k , theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ni chung gim . Gii thch : khi THN tng , lc ht gia ht nhn vi cc vi cc electron lp ngoi cng cng tng theo => bn knh nguyn t ni chung gim . - Trong mt nhm A , theo chiu t trn xung di ( chiu THN tng ) bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t tng . Gii thch : Mc d THN tng nhanh nhng s lp electron tng dn => bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t tng .

Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn - hc sinh lm theo hng II. NNG LNG ION HA dn ca GV 1. Khi nim : Nng lng ion ha th nht ( I1) ca nguyn t l nng lng ti thiu cn Hc sinh c khi nim tch electron th nht ra khi nguyn t SGK . trng thi c bn . Nng lng ion ha c tnh bng kJ/mol . * Ngoi ra , chng ta c nng lng ion ha th 2 , 3 c k hiu I2 , I3 v gi tr ca chng ln hn nng lng ion ha th nht . I 1 < I 2 < I3

Hot ng 2 : Gv din ging cho hc sinh bit khi nim v nng lng ion ha : - Gv cho hc sinh lm v d : H H+ + 1e phi yn nng lng bng 1312 kJ/mol . T hnh thnh khi nim v nng lng ion ha cho hc sinh . - GV b sung : Ngoi ra , chng ta c nng lng ion ha th 2 , 3 c k hiu I2 , I3 l nng lng cn thit tch ht electron th 2 , 3 v gi tr ca chng ln hn nng lng ion ha th nht . I1 < I2 < I3 Gv s dng bng 2.2 v hnh 2.2 - cho hc sinh nu qui lut bin i trong chu k , nhm A - Gv a ra cu hi : Cho bit nng lng ion ha I1 (kJ/mol ) ca nguyn t mt s nguyn t sau : IAl = 578 ; ISi = 786 ; IP = 1012 Nguyn t nguyn t no d tch electron nht ? kh tch electron nht ? gii thch

Hc sinh nu qui lut

Hc sinh tr li : - d tch nht l : Al - Kh tch nht : P Nguyn t Al d tch electron nht v tch electron ra khi nguyn t cn tiu tn t nng lng nht ; cn nguyn t P kh tch electron nht v tch - GV nhn mnh : electron lin electron ra khi nguyn t kt cng yu vi ht nhn cng cn tiu tn nhiu nng d tch ra khi nguyn t . lng nht . Nguyn t cng d tch electron , nng lng ion ha cng thp . Hot ng 3 : Da vo quy lut bin i bn knh hy cho bit - u chu k + Trong mt chu k , nguyn t - cui chu k nguyn t no d tch electron nht ? kh tch electron nht ? gii thch . T suy ra quy lut bin i nng lng ion ha trong mt chu k . + Trong mt nhm A , nguyn Cui nhm

2. S bin i nng lng ion ha th nht ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A - Trong mt chu k , theo chiu tng ca THN , lc lin kt gia ht nhn v electron lp ngoi cng tng , lm cho nng lng ion ha ni chung cng tng theo . - Trong cng mt nhm A , theo chiu tng ca THN , khang cch gia electron lp ngoi cng n ht nhn tng , lc lin kt gia electron lp ngoi cng v ht nhn gim , do nng lng ion ha ni chung gim . VD : hnh 2.2 SGK Vy : Nng lng ion ha th nht ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca ca THN .

Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng t nguyn t no d tch electron nht ? kh tch electron nht ? gii thch . T suy ra quy lut bin i nng lng ion ha trong mt nhm A . - GV chia nhm cho hc sinh tho lun gii thch qui lut bin i . Hot ng 4 : Gv din ging nu khi nim m in - GV b sung : Thang m in ny ca Pauling : Cn c m in ca F (3,98) so snh vi cc nguyn t khc tnh m in ca chng . u nhm Hc sinh c trong SGK

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

Hc sinh tho lun nhm gii thch s bin i theo chu k , nhm A . III . M IN 1. Khi nim m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t nguyn t khi to thnh lin kt ha hc . *Lu : m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t cng ln th tnh phi kim ca nguyn t cng mnh v ngc li . 2. S bin i m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A . Hc sinh nu qui lut bin - Trong mt chu k , theo chiu tng dn ca i . ca THN , m in ca nguyn t cc Hc sinh tho lun nhm nguyn t thng tng dn . gii thch qui lut bin i - Trong cng mt nhm A , theo chiu tng . ca THN , m in ca nguyn t cac nguyn t thng gim dn . Vy : m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t nhm A bin i tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn .

Hot ng 5 : Gv s dng bng 2.3 v hnh 2.3 - hc sinh nn qui lut bin i trong chu k v nhm . - Gv chia hc sinh ra cc nhm tho lun gii thch qui lut Cng c : 1. Trong mt chu k , theo chiu tng ca THN bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i nh th no ? v d . 2. Trong mt nhm A , theo chiu tng ca THN ( i t trn xung ) bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i nh th no ? v d . 3. Nguyn t nguyn t no c bn knh nguyn t ln nht ? c gi tr m in ln nht ? 4. Tng t bn i m in , nng lng ion ha trong chu k v nhm A Bai tp trc nghim: Cu 1 : Trong mt chu k , bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t A. tng theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn . B. gim theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn . C. gim theo chiu tng ca m in . D. C B v C Cu 2 : Trong mt nhm A , bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t A. tng theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn . B. gim theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn . C. tng theo chiu gim ca m in . D. C A v C Cu 3 : m in c trng cho kh nng A. ht electron ca nguyn t trong phn t . B. nhng electron ca nguyn t ny cho nguyn t khc . Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

C. tham gia phn ng mnh hay yu . D. nhng proton ca nguyn t ny cho nguyn t khc . Bai tp v nha: 2.14 ; 2.15 SBT v Dn do : V nha oc trc bai : S BIN I TINH KIM LOAI , TINH PHI KIM LOAI CUA CAC NGUYN T HOA HOC .INH LUT TUN HOAN v tr li cu hi sau : + Hiu c tnh kim loi , phi kim v quy lut bin i tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon . + Hiu c quy lut bin i ha tr , tnh axit baz ca oxit v hidroxit ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon . + Hiu c ni dung nh lut tun hon . 4. Rt kinh nghim: ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

Tun : 7 Ngay soan: 06/10/2007 Tit : 19 Bai 12 : S BIN I TINH KIM LOAI , TINH PHI KIM LOAI CUA CAC NGUYN

T HOA HOC .INH LUT TUN HOANI. MUC TIU BAI HOC 1. V kin thc -Hiu c :khai nim va quy lut bin i tinh kim loai ,tinh phi kim trong mt chu ki ,trong mt nhomA. -Hiu c s bin i hoa tri cua cac nguyn t vi hiro va hoa tri cao nht vi oxi cua cac nguyn t trong mt chu ki . 2. Ki nng -Da vao quy lut chung ,suy oan s bin thin tinh cht c ban trong chu ki (nhom A) cu th ,thi du s bin thin v tnh kim loi , phi kim +Hoa tri cao nht cua nguyn t vi oxi va hoa tri vi hiro. +Tinh kim loai , tinh phi kim. 3. Thai II. CHUN BI III. PHNG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YU Phng phap din giang , am thoai gi m kt hp vi s dung cac dung day hoc trc quan. IV. THIT K CC HOT NG DY HC 1. n nh v T Chc Lp Hc 2. Kim Tra Bi C Cu 1 :Th no l nng lng ion ha , m in ca nguyn t cc nguyn t ? Quy lut bin i cc i bn knh , nng lng ion ha , m in trong bng tun hon nh th no (theo chu k v nhm) ? Cu 2 : So snh bn knh ca : P , Na , K , Si , Cl . 3. Vo Bi Mi : Hoat ng Cua GV Hoat ng Cua HS GHI BANG Hot ng 1: Tm hiu trong SGK, tr I. S BIN I TNH KIM LOI , TNH GV gii thch cho HS v tnh li theo yu cu ca GV PHI KIM CA CC NGUYN T . kim loi v tnh phi kim, sau 1.TNH KIM LOI, PHI KIM HS nghin cu SGK - Tnh kim loi: l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t cng c hai khi nim ny m nguyn t ca n d nhng electron tr Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

cho ng. thnh ion dng. - Tm ranh gii ca cc Tng HS pht biu trc Nguyn t ca nguyn t no cng d nhng nguyn t kim loi , phi kim lp electron th tnh kim loi ca nguyn t cng trong bng tun hon cc mnh nguyn t ha hc . - Tnh phi kim : l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d nhn thm electron tr thnh ion m. Tho lun nhm, pht biu Nguyn t ca nguyn t no cng d cng d qui lut nhn electron th tnh phi kim ca nguyn t cng mnh. Hot ng 2: 2.S bin i tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim . GV v HS tho lun v s Tho lun rt ra cc - S bin i tnh kim loi , phi kim trong bin i tnh kim loi, tnh im chung, c kt thnh mt chu k . phi kim trong chu k theo qui lut. i din nhm Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch chiu in tch ht nhn tng pht biu. ht nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn. -HS so snh chu k 2 v 3 dn, ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn GV cho HS c SGK m t thy c s bin i Gii thch : s bin i tnh cht kim loi, tun hon Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca THN phi kim trong chu k 3 tr (t tri sang phi) th nng lng ion ha , li cu hi: m in tng dn ng thi bn knh nguyn t Trong mi chu k ca gim dn lm cho kh nng nhng electron bng tun hon, theo chiu -Tnh kim loi tng, tnh gim nn tnh kim loi gim , kh nng nhn tng ca in tch ht nhn, phi kim gim t trn xung electron tng , nn tnh phi kim tng . tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca trong cng 1 nhm A - S bin i tnh kim loi , phi kim trong nguyn t bin i th no? mt nhm A GV tng hp kin pht biu Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in ca HS, b sung nhng cn tch ht nhn tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t thiu ri cho hc sinh c tng dn, ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn. SGK c khi nim ng Gii thch : ng thi lu quy lut trn Trong mt nhm A , theo chiu tng ca THN c lp li i vi mi chu (i t trn xung) th nng lng ion ha , k. m in gim dn ng thi bn knh nguyn t Phn gii thch s bin i tng nhanh lm cho kh nng nhng electron tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim tng , nn tnh kim loi tng , kh nng nhn trong chu k theo chiu in electron gim , nn tnh phi kim gim . tch ht nhn tng dn da vo bn knh nguyn t do GV dng hnh 2.1 trong SGK trnh by. Hot ng 3. GV v HS, Kh nng nhng e: dng hnh 2.1 trong SGK -D: nguyn t u chu k tho lun v s bin i tnh -Kh: nguyn t cui chu kim loi, tnh phi kim trong k mt nhm A , u tin l nhm IA, sau l nhm -D: nguyn t trn nhm -Kh: nguyn t di VIIA. GV tng hp kin pht biu nhm ca HS, b sung nhng cn thiu ri kt lun : Trong mt Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

nhm A, i t trn xung di, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t mnh dn, ng thi tnh phi kim yu dn , GV lu quy lut trn c lp li i vi nhm A khc. GV dng hnh 2.1 trong SGK gii thch quy lut ny. II . S BIN I V HA TR CA CC Hot ng 4 NGUYN T. GV cng c phn th nht : Trong mt chu k , i t tri sang phi , ha tr Tnh kim loi , tnh phi kim cao nht ca cc nguyn t i vi oxy tng ln ca cc nguyn t bin i lt t 1 n 7 , cn ha tr vi hidro ca cc tun hon tho chiu tng ca phi kim gim t 4 n 1. in tch ht nhn. Ha tr tng dn Hot ng 5 GV hng dn HS dng bng 2.4 trong SGK nghin cu tr li cu hi sau : Nhn vo bng bin i ha tr ca cc nguyn t chu k 3 trong oxit cao nht, trong hp cht kh vi hiro, em pht hin ra quy lut bin i g theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn ? T GV gip HS rt ra nhn xt : Trong chu k 3 i t tri sang phi, ha tr cao nht ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 7 cn ha tr ca cc phi kim trong hp cht kh vi hiro gim t 4 n 1. Hot ng 6 : Cng c Cng c : 1. Trong mt chu k , theo chiu tng ca THN tnh kim loi , phi kim nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i nh th no ? v d . 2. Trong mt nhm A , theo chiu tng ca THN ( i t trn xung ) tnh kim loi , phi kim nguyn t cc nguyn t bin i nh th no ? v d . 3. So snh tnh kim loi , phi kim ca cc nguyn t sau : a. 11 Na ; 12 Mg ; 13 Al b. 7 N ; 15 P ; 33 As Bai tp trc nghim: Cu 1 : Cho cc nguyn t sau : 11 Na ; 19 K ; 37 Rb ; 55 Cs . Hy sp xp tnh kim loi theo chiu tng dn A. NaCs C. Cs>Rb>K>Na D. RbNa D. Si bng . Lu huynh 2 + Cch 2 : 5,88 = .100 => x = 32 2+x 8. Hc sinh nu tng mc ca + Trn hp 1 : ZA < ZB . ZB = ZA + 1 bi ZA + ZB = 25 ZA = 12 ; ZB = 13 . A(Z = 12) 1s22s22p6s2 .nguyn t A thuc chu Hc sinh gii bi tp 8 ln k 3 , nhm IIA .2 6 2 1 B(Z = 13) 1s22s 2p s 3p .nguyn t A thuc bng vi 2 trng hp . chu k 3 , nhm IIIA . + Trn hp 2 : ZA = ZB + 1 ZA = ZB + 1 ZA + ZB = 25 ZA = 13 ; ZB = 12 . B(Z = 12) 1s22s22p6s2 .nguyn t A thuc chu Hc sinh tho lun nhm v k 3 , nhm IIA . A(Z = 13) 1s22s22p6s23p1 .nguyn t A thuc trnh by ln bng chu k 3 , nhm IIIA . 9. K hiu hai kim loi nhm IIIA l M , nguyn t khi trung bnh l M 2M + 6HCl 2MCl3 + 3H2 . Cc nhm khc nhn xt 6,75 nH = = 0,3 mol 22,4 n M = 0,2 mol M = 44 Hai kim loi thuc hai chu k lin tip , mt kim loi c nguyn t khi nh hn 44 v 1 kim loi c nguyn t khi ln hn 44 . Da vo bng tun hon hai kim loi l : Al v Ga . 11. - Vit cu hnh electron : Hc sinh vit cu hnh Li(Z=3); 1s22s1 electron . Na(Z=11); 1s22s22p63s1 K(Z=19); 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Hc sinh nu qui lut bin Rb(Z=37); 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s1 i bn knh trong mt Cs(Z=55); nhm A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s24d105p66s1 Hc sinh so snh bn knh - Theo qui lut bin i bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm IA ca cc nguyn t trong nhm A th bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ny gim theo th t : RCs > RRb > RK > RNa > RLi .2

Hot ng 4 : GV t chc cho hc sinh tho lunh nhm gii quyt vn dt ra ca bi 9 - Vn : Tm 2 kim loi thuc hai chu k lin tip . - Hng dn : + t M l nguyn t khi trung bnh ca 2 kim loi . M1 < M< M2 + Tnh s mol . + Tnh M . Da vo iu kin v bng tun hon nhn nghim . Gv nhn xt li v b sung ch cn thiu . Hot ng 5 : Gv cho 1 hc sinh ln bng vit cu hnh electron . - 1 hc sinh khc trnh by qui lut bin i bn knh trong mt nhm A v so snh bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn

Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

t . Hot ng 6 : Cng c Bai tp trc nghim: Cu 1 : Nguyen to R co cong thc oxit cao nhat la RO2 , hp chat vi hidro cua R cha 75% khoi lng R. Nguyen to R la: A. Cacbon B. Lu huynh C. Silic (M=28) D. Clo (M=35.5) Cu 2 : Mt nguyn t tao hp cht khi vi Hidro co cng thc RH3. Cng thc oxit cao nht tng ng la: A. R2O5 B. RO2 C. RO3 D. R2O7 Cu 3 :Oxit cao nht cua mt nguyn t co cng thc RO3. Hp cht khi cua no vi hidro co cng thc. A. RH4 B. RH C. RH2 D. RH3 Cu 4 : Theo quy luat bien oi tnh kim loai, phi kim th nhom cac nguyen to co tnh phi kim manh nhat la: A. Nhom IA. B. Nhom IIA. C. Nhom VIIA. D. Nhom VIIIA. Bai tp v nha: 2.36 n 2.43 ( SBT) trang 19 Bi tp lm thm : Xt cc nguyn t sau : a. Cs ,Ca, Mg, K, Be. b. Rb, Al , Mg , Na. c. Sr, Ca ,Cs, Al ,Rb. d. Mg, Rb, Al , K , Cs , Ca. Hy sp xp theo th t : +Tnh kim loi gim dn ca cu a,b +Tnh kim loi tng dn ca cu c,d. +Tnh baz tng dn ca cc hiroxit trn a,b,c,d. +Tnh ha tan trong nc gim dn ca cc hiroxit trn ca cu a,b,c. +Bn knh nguyn t gim dn ca cu d. e. Sp xp cc nguyn t sau theo chiu m in tng dn :B, Na,F, S . Gii thch ? Dn do : V nha oc trc bai : THC HNH S 1 v chun b : + Cch tin hnh th nghim . + Vit bi tng trnh . 4. Rt kinh nghim: ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. Tun : 8 Ngay soan: 16/10/2007 Tit : 24 Bai : BAI THC HANH S 1: MT S THAO TAC THC HANH THI NGHIM HOA HOC . S BIN I TINH CHT CUA NGUYN T TRONG CHU KY VA PHN NHOM I. MUC TIU BAI HOC 1. V kin thc Bit c muc ich ,cac bc tin hanh ,ki thut thc hin cua cac thi nghim -Ren luyn mt s thao tac thc hanh thi nghim :ly hoa cht ,trn hoa cht ,un nong hoa cht ,s dung mt s dung cu thi nghim thng thng . -S bin i tinh cht trong nhom :phan ng gia kim loai Na va K vi nc. -S bin i tinh cht trong chu ki :phan ng cua Na va Mg vi nc. 2. Ki nng Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin

Trng THPT Phm Hng

Gio n Ha 10 Nng Cao

-S dung dung cu va hoa cht tin hanh an toan ,thanh cng cac thi nghim trn . -Quan sat hin tng ,giai thich va vit phng trinh hoa hoc . -Vit tng trinh hoa hoc .``` 3. Thai II. CHUN BI III. PHNG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YU Phng phap din giang , am thoai gi m kt hp vi s dung cac dung day hoc trc quan. IV. THIT K CC HOT NG DY HC 1. n nh v T Chc Lp Hc 2. Kim Tra Bi C 3. Vo Bi Mi : Hoat ng Cua GV Hot ng 1 : Gv ph bin ni qui phng th nghim . Hot ng 2 : Gv hng dn hc sinh tin hnh th nghim v lu nhng th nghim kh + TN1 +TN2 Cho hc sinh tin hnh th nghim di s quan st ca gio vin Hoat ng Cua HS GHI BANG Hc sinh lng nghe v ghi 1. S bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t chp . trong nhm . Ly vo 2 cc thy tinh , mi cc chng 60 ml nc . Nh vo mi cc vi git dung dch phenolphtalein v khy u . Cho vo cc th nht mt mu nh natri , cc Hc sinh tin hnh th th hai mt mu kali c cng kch thc . nghim v ghi nhn hin Quan st hin tng tng , gii thch 2. S bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong chu k Rt vo 2 cc thy tinh , mi cc chng 60 ml Hot ng 3 : Dn v sinh sau Hc sinh dn v sinh sau nc . khi th nghim v nh gi khi th nghim xong Rt vo cc th ba chng 60 ml nc nng . bui tin hnh th nghim Nh vo mi cc vi git dung dch phenolphtalein ri khuy u . Cho vo cc th nht mt mu nh natri . Cho vo cc th hai v cc th ba , mi cc Hot ng 4 : Cng c mt mu magie c kch thc bng mu natri Quan st hin tng . Bai tp trc nghim: Cu 1 : Cu 2 : Cu 3 : Cu 4 : Bai tp v nha: trang Dn do : V nha oc trc bai : KHI NIM V LIN KT HA HC LIN KT ION v tr li cu hi sau : + Cc ion c hnh thnh nh th no ? + Th no l cation v anion ? Th no l ion n , a nguyn t ? + lin kt c hnh thnh nh th no ? + Cu sto mng tinh th ion v cc tnh cht chung ca mng lin quan vi nhau nh th no ? 4. Rt kinh nghim: ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................

Gv : Nguyn Hu Tin