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D”P gva¨wgK

evsjv msKjb [GKv`k I Øv`k †kªYxi Rb¨]

msKjb I iPbv

W. gvneyeyj nK mnKvix Aa¨vcK, evsjv wefvM

PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq

m¤úv`bv Ave yj gvbœvb ˆmq`

cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY

W. miKvi Ave`yj gvbœvb

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW© KZ…©K cÖYxZ m„Rbkxj I eûwbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K iwPZ GKv`k I Øv`k †kªYxi evsjv cvV¨cy —K|

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW©, XvKv

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D”P gva¨wgK evsjv msKjb

evsjv msKjb 2

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW©, XvKv 69-70, gwZwSj evwYwR¨K GjvKv, XvKv

KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ|

[cÖKvkK KZ…©K me© ^Z¡ msiw¶Z]

cÖ_g gy ªY : RyjvB, 1998 ms‡kvwaZ I cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY : AvMó, 2001 ms‡kvwaZ I cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY : Ryb, 2007

c~Y©gy`ª©Y -Ryb 2008 ms‡kvwaZ I cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY : RyjvB, 2011

Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR cvidg© Kvjvi MÖvwd· (cÖvt) wjt

cÖ”Q`

bRi“j Bmjvg `yjvj

wWwRUvj ms¯‹iY

K¨vgweªqvb cvewj‡KkÝ

ZË¡veavqK

eyjeyj Avn‡g`

g~j¨ : 70.80 (mËi UvKv Avwk cqmv) gvÎ|

gy ª‡Y : †`vnvi wcÖw›Us †cÖm, 34 Avi. Gg. `vm †ivW www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 3

cÖm½ K_v mywkw¶Z RvwZ MV‡b mvwnZ¨cvV AZxe Ri“wi| mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡b wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ ax‡i ax‡i Rb¥ †bq i“wP‡eva, gbbkxjZv I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva| GQvov wk¶v_x©i m„Rbkxj †gav I gb‡bi weKv‡kI mvwnZ¨ AbyNU‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Gme D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b †i‡L 2007−2008 wk¶vel© †_‡K D”P gva¨wgK †kªYxi wk¶v_x©‡ì Rb¨ msw¶ß K‡je‡ii GB evsjv msKjbwU cÖKvwkZ nj| G MÖš’wU‡K mnRjf¨, enb‡hvM¨ I eënvi Dc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ c~e©eZx© MÖš’ †_‡K cvV¨m~wP wb‡ ©wkZ 11wU Mí−cªeÜ Ges 10wU KweZv Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB ¯^í cwim‡ii g‡a¨B ai‡Z †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì BwZnvm−HwZn¨, ms¯‹vi−ms¯‹…wZ Ges Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi wewPÎ web¨vm I e¨vwß| cvkvcvwk mvwnZ¨cv‡V wk¶v_©x‡ì Avb›` jv‡fi welqwUI ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

evsjv Avgv‡ì gvZ…fvlv, ivóªfvlv I RvZxq fvlv| 52-i fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z G fvlv‡K †K› ª K‡i 21†k †deªyqvwi Avš—Rv©wZK gvZ…fvlv wèm wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j evsjv fvlvi ghv© v GLb wek¦cwim‡i e¨vß| myZivs GLb G fvlvi eënvwiK w`‡K ey¨rcwË AR©b †hgb cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb m„wókxjZvq `¶Zv I KzkjZv AR©bI ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Gme we‡ePbvq †i‡L msKjbwU‡Z we¯—…Z cwim‡i evsjv fvlvi Mob-†mŠôe I eënvwiK wewaweavb Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov QvÎQvÎx‡ì †KŠZ~njx I wRÁvmy K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ mvwn‡Zï wewPÎ kvLv−cÖkvLvi ¯îƒc-cÖK…wZI cÖm½µ‡g Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| gyw³hy× Avgv‡ì †MŠie, Avgv‡ì †cÖiYv| wk¶v_x©‡ì gyw³hy‡×i G †MŠiegq †PZbvq DØy× Kivi Rb¨ msKjbwU‡Z Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †ek K‡qKwU Mí-KweZv| G Qvov M`¨vs‡k GBWm I ybx©wZ welqK mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi wb‡`©kbv wb‡q `ywU iPbv Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wk¶v_x©‡ì myweav‡_© msKjbwU‡Z cvV¨m~wP, gvbeÈb I cÖkœcÎ cÖYq‡bi bxwZgvjv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

G eB‡qi msKjK, m¤úv`K Ges mswk−ó Kg©KZv©MY eBwU‡K mev©½ my›ì Kivi Rb¨ †h Avš—wiK cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Qb †m Rb¨ Zvu‡ì abëv` RvbvB| cwi‡k‡l hv‡ì Rb¨ ÔD”P gva¨wgK evsjv msKjbÕ eBwU cÖKvk Kiv nj Zviv DcK…Z n‡jB Avgv‡ì mg¯— cÖqvm mv_©K n‡e|

cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt gwQi DwÏb

†Pqvig¨vb RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW©

XvKv|



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evsjv msKjb 4

m~wPcÎ

M`¨ µwgK welq †jLK c„ôv b¤^i

1. KgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›` ew¼gP› ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 6 2. ˆngš—x iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 14 3. mvwn‡Z¨ †Ljv cÖg_ †PŠayix 35 4. wejvmx kirP› ª P‡Ævcva¨vq 43 5. Aa©v½x †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb 64 6. †hŠe‡bi Mvb KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg 76 7. KwjgwÏ `dv`vi Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb 85 8. GKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Kvwnbx ˆmq` IqvjxDj−vn 96 9. GKz‡ki Mí Rwni ivqnvb 109 10. `ybx©wZ, Dbœq‡bi Aš—ivq I DËi‡Yi c_ msKwjZ iPbv 118 11. Aciv‡nèi Mí ûgvq~b Avn‡g` 128

KweZv µwgK KweZvi wk‡ivbvg Kwe c„ôv b¤^i 1. e½fvlv gvB‡Kj gaym~ b `Ë 136 2. †mvbvi Zix iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi 143 3. Rxeb-e›`bv KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg 149 4. evsjv‡`k Awgq PµeZ©x 155 5. Kei RmxgD`&`xb 162 6. Zvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b mywdqv Kvgvj 176 7. cv‡Äwi dii“L Avng` 183 8. Avgvi c~e© evsjv ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb 189 9. AvVv‡iv eQi eqm myKvš— fÆvPvh© 196 10. GKwU d‡UvMÖvd kvgmyi ivngvb 203

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evsjv msKjb 5

cÖ‡kœi aib I gvbeÈb evsjv : cÖ_g cÎ

1. M`¨ = 44 (K) m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 wU †_‡K 2 wUi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 2 10=20 (L) eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 24 wU, cÖ‡Z¨KwUi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 1 24=24 †gvU = 44

2. KweZv = 36 (K) m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 wU †_‡K 2 wUi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 2 10=20 (L) eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 16 wU, cÖ‡Z¨KwUi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 1 24=16

†gvU = 36

3. Dcb¨vm = 20 (K) m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 wU †_‡K 2 wUi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| 2 10=20 me©‡gvU = 100



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evsjv msKjb 6

KgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`

ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq

†jLK cwiwPwZ

evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi RbK I evsjv mvwn‡Zï †kªô †jLK ew¼gP› ª P‡Ævcva¨vq ÔmvwnZ¨ mgªvUÕ wn‡m‡eI AwfwnZ n‡q _v‡Kb| Ôe½`k©bÕ bv‡g †h weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvi wZwb cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K wQ‡jb evsjv mvwn‡Zï weKv‡k Ges kw³kvjx †jLK m„wó‡Z Zvi Ae`vb Amvgvb¨| hyMÜi GB mvwnZ¨−mªóvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Ô y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ, ÔKcvjKyÊjvÕ, Ôwele„¶Õ, ÔK…òKv‡š—i DBjÕ, ÔivRwmsnÕ BZ¨vw`| Ô y‡M©kbw›`bxÕ (1865) cÖ_g cÖK…Z evsjv Dcb¨vm| gbbkxj cÖeÜ iPbvqI ew¼gP‡›`ªi Abb¨ KzkjZvi cwiPq i‡q‡Q| Zuvi weL¨vZ cÖeÜMÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Ô†jvKinm¨Õ, ÔKgjvKv‡š—i `ßiÕ, Ôwewea cªeÜÕ I Ômvg¨Õ| ew¼gP›`ª AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g cÖavb m„wókxj †jLK‡ì GKRb| ew¼gP› ª wQ‡jb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g mœvZK‡ì GKRb| †ckvq wZwb wQ‡jb †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷ªU| ew¼gP‡› ªi Rb¥ 1838 wLªóv‡ã cwðge‡½i PweŸk ciMYv †Rjvi KuvVvjcvovq Ges Zuvi g„Zz¨ 1894 wLªóv‡ã| †mB Avwds‡Lvi KgjvKv‡š—i A‡bKw`b †Kv‡bv msev` cvB bvB| A‡bK mÜvb KwiqvwQjvg| AK¯§vr m¤cÖwZ GKw`b Zvnv‡K †dŠR`vwi Av`vj‡Z †`wLjvg| †`wL †h, eªvþY GK MvQZjvq ewmqv, Mv‡Qi uwo‡Z †Vmvb w`qv, P¶z eywRqv Wvevq ZvgvKz Uvwb‡Z‡Qb| g‡b Kwijvg, Avi wKQz bv eªvþY †jv‡f cwoqv

Kvnvi wWweqv nB‡Z Avwds Pzwi Kwiqv‡Q−Ab¨ mvgMÖx KgjvKvš— Pzwi Kwi‡e bv−Bnv wbwðZ Rvwb| wbK‡U GKRb Kv‡jv‡KvZ©v Kb‡÷ejI †`wLjvg| Avwg eo uvovBjvg bv−wK Rvwb hw` KgjvKvš— Rvwgb nB‡Z e‡j| Zdv‡Z _vwKqv †`wL‡Z jvwMjvg †h, KvÊUv Kx nq|

wKQzKvj c‡i KgjvKv‡š—i WvK nBj| ZLb GKRb Kb‡÷ej i“j NyivBqv Zvnv‡K m‡½ Kwiqv GRjv‡m jBqv †Mj| Avwg wcQz wcQz †Mjvg| uvovBqv yB GKwU K_v ïwbqv, e¨vcviLvbv eywS‡Z cvwijvg|

GRjv‡m, cª_vgZ gvPv‡bi Dci nvwKg weivR Kwi‡Z‡Qb| nvwKgwU GKRb †`kx ag©veZvi−c‡` I †MŠi‡e wWcywU| KgjvKvš— Avmvgx b‡n−mv¶x| †gvKÏgv Mi“ Pzwi| dwiqvw` cÖmbœ †Mvqvwjbx| KjgvKvš—‡K mv¶xi KvUvivq cywiqv w`j| ZLb KgjvKvš— g„ y g„ y nvwm‡Z jvwMj| Pvcivwk agKvB‡jb−Ònvm †Kb?Ó

KgjvKvš— †RvonvZ Kwiqv ewjj, Òevev, Kvi †¶‡Z avb †L‡qwQ †h, Avgv‡K Gi wfZi cywi‡j ?Ó Pvcivwk gnvkq K_vUv eywS‡jb bv| `vwo NyivBqv ewj‡jb, ÒZvgvkvi RvqMv G bq−njd co|Ó KgjvKvš— ewjj, ÒcovI bv evcy|Ó

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evsjv msKjb 7

GKRb gynywi njd covB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwij| ewjj, Òej, Avwg ci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ Rvwbqv ...........Ó

KgjvKvš—| (mwe¯§‡q) Kx ewje?

gynywi| ïb‡Z cvI bv−Òci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ †R‡b−Ó

Kgjv| ci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ †R‡b! Kx me©bvk!

nvwKg †`wL‡jb, mv¶xUv Kx GKUv MÊ‡Mvj evavB‡Z‡Q| wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Òme©bvk Kx?Ó

Kgjv| ci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ †R‡bwQ−G K_vUv ej‡Z n‡e?

nvwKg| ¶wZ Kx? nj‡di dvigB GB|

Kgjv| nyRyi mywePviK e‡U| wKš—y GKUv K_v ewj wK, mv¶¨ w`‡Z w`‡Z yB GKUv †QvU iKg wg_¨v ewj,

bv nq ewjjvg−wKš—y †Mvov‡ZB GKUv wg_¨v ewjqv Avi¤¢ Kwie, †mUv wK fvj?

nvwKg| Gi Avi wg_¨v K_v Kx?

KgjvKvš— g‡b g‡b ewjj, ÒGZ eyw× _vwK‡j †Zvgvi wK G cè„w× nBZ?Ó cÖKv‡k¨ ewjj, Òag©veZvi,

Avgvi GKUz GKUz †eva nB‡Z‡Q wK †h, ci‡gk¦i wVK cÖ‡Z¨‡¶i welq bq| Avgvi †Pv‡Li †`vlB nDK

Avi hvB nDK, KLbI Z G ch©š— c‡ik¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ †`wL‡Z cvBjvg bv| Avwg hLb Zuvnv‡K G N‡ii

wfZi cvB‡ZwQ bv−ZLb †Kgb Kwiqv ewj−Avwg ci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ †R‡b−Ó

dwiqvwì DwKj PwU‡jb- Zuvnvi g~jëvb mgq, hvnv wgwb‡U wgwb‡U UvKv cÖme K‡i, Zvnv GB `wi`ª mv¶x

bó Kwi‡Z‡Q| DwKj ZLb Mig nBqv ewj‡jb, Òmv¶x gnvkq! Theological Lecture Uv eªvþmgv‡Ri

Rb¨ ivwL‡j fvj nq bv? GLv‡b AvB‡bi g‡Z Pwj‡Z gb w ’i Ki“b|Ó

KgjvKvš— Zuvnvi w`‡K wdwij| g„ y nvwmqv ewjj, ÒAvcwb †eva nB‡Z‡Q DwKj|Ó

DwKj| (nvwmqv) wK‡m wPwb‡j?

Kgjv| eo mn‡R| †gvUv †Pb Avi gqjv kvgjv †`wLqv| Zv, gnvkq! Avcbv‡ì Rb¨ G Theological Lecture bq| Avcbviv ci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ †`‡Lb ¯xKvi Kwi−hLb †gvqv‡°j Av‡m|

DwKj m‡iv‡l DwVqv nvwKg‡K ewj‡jb, “I ask the protection of the Court against the insults of this witness.” †KvU© ewj‡jb, “O Baboo! the witness is your own witness, and you are at liberty to send him away if you like.” GLb KgjvKvš—‡K we`vq w`‡j DwKjeveyi †gvKÏgv cÖgvY nq bv−myZivs DwKjevey Pzc Kwiqv ewmqv

cwo‡jb|

nvwKg MwZK †`wLqv, gynywi‡K Av‡`k Kwi‡jb †h, ÒI‡_i cÖwZ mv¶xi objection Av‡Q−Dnv‡K

simple affirmation `vI|Ó ZLb gynywi KgjvKvš—‡K ewjj, ÒAv”Qv, I †Q‡o `vI−ej, Avwg cÖwZÁv

Kwi‡ZwQ−ej|Ó



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evsjv msKjb 8

Kgjv| Kx cÖwZÁv Kwi‡ZwQ, †mUv Rvwbqv cÖwZÁvUv Kwi‡j fvj nq bv? gynywi nvwK‡gi w`‡K Pvwnqv ewjj, Òag©veZvi! mv¶x eo †mi&Kk&|Ó DwKjevey nuvwK‡jb, “Very obstructive.” KgjvKvš—| (DwK‡ji cÖwZ) mv`v KvM‡R `¯—LZ Kwiqv jIqvi cÖ_vUv Av`vj‡Zi evB‡i P‡j Rvwb−wfZ‡iI Pwj‡e wK? DwKj| mv`v KvM‡R †K †Zvgvi ` —LZ jB‡Z‡Q? Kgjv| Kx cÖwZÁv Kwi‡Z nB‡e, Zvnv bv Rvwbqv, cÖwZÁv Kiv, Avi KvM‡R Kx †jLv nq, Zvnv bv †`wLqv ` —LZ Kiv, GKB K_v| nvwKg ZLb gynywi‡K Av‡`k Kwi‡jb †h, ÒcÖwZÁv Av‡M Bnv‡K ïbvBqv `vI−†Mvjgv‡j KvR bvB|Ó gynywi ZLb ewj‡jb, Ò†kvb, †Zvgv‡K ewj‡Z nB‡e †h, Avwg cÖwZÁv Kwi‡ZwQ †h, Avwg †h mv¶¨ w`e, Zvnv mZ¨ nB‡e, Avwg †Kv‡bv K_v †Mvcb Kwie bv−mZ¨ wfbœ Avi wKQz nB‡e bv|Ó Kgjv| Iu gay gay gay| gynywi| †m Avevi Kx? Kgjv| covb, Avwg cwo‡ZwQ| KgjvKvš— ZLb Avi †Mvj‡hvM bv Kwiqv cÖwZÁv cvV Kwij| ZLb Zuvnv‡K wRÁvmvev` Kwievi Rb¨ DwKjevey Mv‡ÎvÌvb Kwi‡jb, KgjvKvš—‡K †PvL iv½vBqv ewj‡jb, ÒGLb Avi e`gv‡qwk KwiI bv−Avwg hv wRÁvmv Kwi, Zvi h_v_© DËi `vI| ev‡R K_v Qvwoqv `vI|Ó Kgjv| Avcwb hv wRÁvmv Kwi‡eb, ZvB Avgv‡K ewj‡Z nB‡e? Avi ewj‡Z cvBe bv? DwKj| bv| KgjvKvš— ZLb nvwK‡gi w`‡K wdwiqv ewj‡jb, ÔA_P Avgv‡K cÖwZÁv KivB‡jb †h, †Kv‡bv K_v †Mvcb Kwie bv|Õ ag©veZvi †eAv`we gvd nq| cvovq AvR GKUv hvÎv nB‡e, ïwb‡Z hvBe B”Qv wQj; †m mva GBLv‡bB wgwUj| DwKjevey AwaKvix−Avwg hvÎvi †Q‡j, hv ejvB‡eb, †Kej ZvB ewje; hv bv ejvB‡eb; Zv ewje bv| hv bv ejvB‡eb, Zv Kv‡RB †Mvcb _vwK‡e| cÖwZÁvf‡½i Aciva jB‡eb bv|Ó nvwKg| hvnv Avek¨K we‡ePbv Kwi‡e, Zvnv bv wRÁvmv nB‡jI ewj‡Z cvi| KgjvKvš— ZLb †mjvg Kwiqv ewjj, Òenr Lye|Ó DwKj ZLb wRÁvmvev` Avi¤¢ Kwi‡jb Ò†Zvgvi bvg Kx? Kgjv| kªxKgjvKvš— PµeZ©x| DwKj| †Zvgvi ev‡ci bvg Kx? KgjvKvš— wcZvi bvg ewjj| DwKj ZLb wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, ÒZzwg Kx RvwZ|Ó Kgjv| Avwg wK GKUv RvwZ? DwKj| Zzwg †Kvb& RvZxq? Kgjv| wn› y RvZxq|

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evsjv msKjb 11

Drm I cwiwPwZ

ew¼gP‡› ªi ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`Õ cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq Ôe½`k©bÕ cwÎKvi 1288 e½v‡ãi dvM −yb msL¨vq| GwU ew¼‡gi weL¨vZ igë¨½ iPbv msKjb ÔKgjvKv‡š—i `ßiÕ−Gi me©‡kl iPbv| iPbvi wbev©wPZ Askwe‡kl GLv‡b m¤úvw`Zfv‡e msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖm½Z D‡j−L‡hvM¨, ew¼gP‡› ªi GB iPbvwUi g~j wk‡ivbvg wQj: ÔKgjvKv‡š—i †Rvevbew›`Õ| ew¼gP› ª Zvui ÔKgjvKv‡š—i `ßiÕ-Gi iPbv¸‡jvi gva¨‡g evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK ai‡bi nvmïmvZ¥K i½e¨½g~jK iPbvi cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi †fZi w`‡q wZwb cwinv‡mi ga¨ w`‡q mgKvjxb mgvR, ag©, mf¨Zv Ges mvwnZ¨−ms¯‹…wZi bvbv ÎywU−wePy wZ I mxgve×Zvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`Õ iPbvwU bKkv RvZxq Awfbe iPbv| GwU ew¼g mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg PgKcÖ` m¤ú`| GLv‡b Av`vj‡Zi KvVMovq `vuov‡bv mv¶x KgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›ì gva¨‡g ew¼gP› ª †`wL‡q‡Qb Av`vj‡Z mvRv‡bv−†MvQv‡bv †h Mvjfiv Kvievi P‡j Zv A‡bKvs‡kB K…wÎg AvbyôvwbKZv gvÎ| cÖmbœ †Mvqvwjbxi Mi“ Pzwii gvgjvi mv¶x Avwds-Gi †bkvq wKQzUv AcÖK…wZ ’ KgjvKvš—‡K †Riv Ki‡Z wM‡q DwKj †hfv‡e c‡` c‡` weeªZ I bvKvj n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡Z Avgiv wew¯§Z bv n‡q cvwi bv| DwKj evey KgjvKvš—‡K hZB Db¥v` g‡b Ki“b bv †Kb, Zvi cÖ”Qbœ †k−lvZ¥K Dw³¸‡jv ev —e m‡Zï Av‡jvq Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L D¾¡j n‡q aiv c‡o| AvcvZ „wó‡Z KgjvKv‡š—i AvPiY I K_vevZv© A‡bKLvwb cvMjvwgi mvwgj| †m Avwds Lvq, e‡m e‡m wSgvq, bvbv D™¢U K_v e‡j| wKš‘ †bkv‡Lvi I evwZKMÖ — †Pnviv I AmsjMœ K_vevZv©i Avov‡j i‡q‡Q m~² ch©‡e¶Ykxj Rxeb „wó| Zv Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki bvbv i“wP I Am½wZ‡KB Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q †`wL‡q †`q| GB iPbvq ew¼gP›`ª †KŠZzKim m„wó‡Z †h `¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv AZzjbxq| Abykxjbg~jK KvR

mvwnZ¨‡eva bKkv GKUv `vjv‡bi Qwe hLb K¨v‡givq aiv c‡o ZLb Zv‡K ewj Av‡jvKwPÎ| Avi bKkvKvi hLb M„nwbgv©‡Yi cÖv_wgK Lmov †iLvw¼Z K‡i ˆZwi K‡ib ZLb Zv‡K ejv nq bKkv| †Zgwb Mí−Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv we¯—…Z I Mfxi Zvrch©gq Qwe bv Gu‡K †jLK hLb Zvi Lmov GKUv Qwe Auv‡Kb ^í wKQz †iLvq, ZLb Zv‡K ejv nq bKkv| ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`ÕI G ai‡bi bKkv RvZxq nvjKv mim iPbv| GLv‡b Av`vj‡Zi KvVMovq `vuov‡bv mv¶x‡K DwK‡ji †Rivi GKUv PvjwPÎ ev wPÎagx© eY©bv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| AvcvZ „wó‡Z GLv‡b †Kv‡bv Mfxi−`k©b †`Lv hvq bv| wKš‘ nvjKv imv‡jv K_vevZv©i †fZi w`‡q ZrKvjxb Av`vj‡Zi wePvi eë ’vi Am½wZi w`KwU‡K GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| mvwnZ¨‡eva evM&‰e`» (Wit) A‡bK mgq K_vevZv©q _v‡K eyw×i PgK I `xwß| Zv Ggb GK AcÖZ¨vwkZ A_© cÖKvk K‡i †h, Zv‡Z Avgiv nvmïm Abyfe Kwi| G‡K ejv nq evM&‰e`»| †h †Kv‡bv welq wb‡q PwKZ I myZx¶è gš—‡eï g‡aÏ evM&‰e`‡»i cÖKvk NU‡Z cv‡i| ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`Õ iPbvq DwK‡ji †Rivi Reve G ai‡bi evM&‰e`»c~Y©| Mi“ Pzwi gvgjvi mv¶x KgjvKvš—‡K mv¶xi KvUivq †XvKv‡bv n‡j KgjvKvš— e‡j‡Qb, Ôevev, Kvi †¶‡Z avb †L‡qwQ †h, Avgv‡K Gi wfZi cywi‡j?Õ GLv‡b KgjvKvš— mv¶xi KvUiv‡K †Luvqvo Kíbv K‡i‡Qb| d‡j ¯^fveZB Zvui m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mv¶xi e`‡j ÔMi“Õ K_vUvB g‡b Av‡m Ges Gi d‡j nvmï‡mi m„wó nq|



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evsjv msKjb 12

GiKg : DwKj| Zzwg Kx RvwZ? Kgjv| Avwg Kx GKUv RvwZ? DwKj| Zzwg †Kvb& RvZxq? Kgjv| wn› y RvZxq| DwKj| Avt! †Kvb& eY©? Kgjv| †NviZi K…òeY©|

fvlv Abykxjb ev‡K¨i cÖKvi cwieZ©b GK cÖKvi evK¨‡K g~j A‡_©i cwieZ©b bv NwU‡q Ab¨ cÖKv‡ii ev‡K¨ cwiYZ Kiv‡K ejv nq ev‡K¨i cÖKvi cwieZ©b ev evK¨ cwieZ©b| †hgb: mij evK¨ : dwiqvw` cÖmbœ †Mvqvwjbx| RwUj evK¨ : †h dwiqvw`, †m cÖmbœ †Mvqvwjbx| mij evK¨ : mv¶xUv Kx GKUv MÊ‡Mvj evavB‡Z‡Q| RwUj evK¨ : †h mv¶x †m GKUv MÊ‡Mvj evavB‡Z‡Q| mij evK¨ : Avgvi wbevm bvB| RwUj evK¨ : hv wbevm, Zv Avgvi bvB| mij evK¨ : †Zvgvi ev‡ci bvg Kx? RwUj evK¨ : †Zvgvi whwb evc, Zvi bvg Kx? mij evK¨ : Avwg G mv¶x PvB bv| RwUj evK¨ : †h mv¶x G iKg, Zv‡K Avwg PvB bv|

wePvi−Kv‡Ri m‡½ hy³ kã wb‡Pi (K) ¸‡”Q kã¸‡jvi Bs‡iwR cwifvlv (L) ¸”Q †_‡K †e‡Q bvI| K. †dŠR`vwi Av`vjZ, Av`vjZ, Rvwgb, GRjvm, nvwKg, Avmvwg, dwiqvw`, mv¶x, njd, gyûwi,DwKj, Revbew›`| L. The court-room, bail, compleainant, criminal court, legal, statement, judge, witness, court, accused, oath, clerk, lawyer.

evbvb mZK©Zv eªvþY, mvgMÖx, mv¶x, mv¶¨, cÖZ¨¶, eªvþ|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. KgjvKvš— †Kvb cwiP‡q Av`vj‡Z G‡m‡Qb? K. dwiqvw` L. Avmvgx M. mv¶x N. DwKj 2. Ôci‡gk¦i‡K cÖZ¨¶ RvwbqvÕ evK¨vs‡ki cÖPwjZ A_©- i. wek¦vm ivLv ii. mivmwi †`Lv iii. Dcw ’wZ Dcjwä wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

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evsjv msKjb 13

3. Ô†hB mv¶x GB iKg, Zvnv‡K Avwg Pvwn bvÕ-GB RwUj evK¨wUi mij Ges PwjZ iƒc †KvbwU? K. †h mv¶x GiKg Zv‡K Avwg Pvwn bv| L. Avwg G iKg mv¶x PvB bv| M. Avwg GB mv¶x Pvwn bv| N. Avwg I mv¶x PvB bv| 4. Aby‡”Q`wU co 4 Ges 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: eb¨vc−vweZ GjvKvi ÎvYcÖv_x© †jvK‡ì âh© aivi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq †mevms¯’vi cwiPvj‡Ki j¤v-PIov

e³e¨ †kl nj| eq¯‹ ¯‹zj wk¶K ¶zäK‡É D”P¯‡i ej‡jb, ÒAvcbvi iPbvg„Z Avgv‡ì RVivwMœ ev †Zóv †Kv‡bvwU †gUv‡Z mg_© bq| Ggwb wK ïK‡bv Dc‡`‡ki wPov †fRv‡bvi g‡Zv cvwbi eÇ Afve|

5. Aby‡”Q‡ì wk¶‡Ki msjv‡c KgjvKv‡š—i K‡_vcK_‡bi †Kvb w`KwU cÖavbfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K. †KŠZzK L. †k −l M. PgK N. †nuqvwj 6. ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`Õ Gi †h e³e¨ Aby‡”Q`wU‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv nj- i. mgv‡Ri AmsMwZ ii. wePvi eë ’vi AmviZv iii. Abyôvb me©¯^Zv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. †`ŠjZcy‡ii abvX¨ e¨w³ †`ŠjZ Luv‡qi Pwj−kv Dcj‡¶ `wi ª‡fvRb I e ¿ v‡bi wekvj Av‡qvRb Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Luv‡qi fv‡Mœ Gnmvb Z`viwK Ki‡Q| Abyôv‡bi †klvs‡k Lv`¨-e‡¯¿i NvUwZ †`Lv †Mj| Gnmvb wgqv AwMœg~wZ© aviY K‡i wPrKvi K‡i DVj, ÔnvRvi †jv‡Ki Av‡qvRb, †Zik‡K LvIqvjvg| Muv‡qi me‡jvKB †`LwQ Mwie|Õ lv‡Uva© ivqnvb wgqv Reve w`‡jb, ÔAvgiv `xbnxb, Zv‡Z m‡›`n wK? †`Ljvg Gnmvb wgqvi evwoi w`‡K Kvgjviv Lvev‡ii †WKwP Avi Kvc‡oi MvwÆ wb‡q hv‡”Q| AvR‡Ki w`‡b Gnmvb wgqvB †Zv `x‡bi †P‡q `xb| Pj‡i mevB, evwo hvB|Õ

K. Ôh‡ÁvcexZÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© Kx? L. Ôewj LvI Kx Kwiqv?Õ- msjvcwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. KgjvKv‡š—i †Kvb êwkó¨ ivqnvb wgqvi Pwi‡Î cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q`wU ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`Õ iPbvwUi fvev‡_©i `c©Y|Õ-gš—e¨wU hvPvB Ki| 2. ZvivMÄ MÖv‡g †PŠayix mv‡n‡ei bv‡g GwZgLvbvi fywi‡fv‡Ri Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GjvKvi MY¨gvb¨,

Ae ’vcbœ e¨w³ivI Zv‡Z mvwgj n‡q‡Qb| †PŠayix mv‡ne GwZg‡ì wbR nv‡Z cwi‡ekb Ki‡Qb,- nvZZvwji m‡½ wK¬K wK¬K K‡i K¨v‡givi d¬vk R¡j‡Z jvM‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K eûe¨Äb †kvwfZ †Uwe‡j Avgwš¿Z e¨w³‡ì Avc¨vq‡bi eë ’v n‡q‡Q| GwZgLvbvi evi eQ‡ii evjK ew`D‡ii g‡b GK welg fvebvi Rb¥ nq- ÔG MÖv‡g GZ MY¨gvb¨ GwZg i‡q‡Qb!Õ

K. Ôdwiqvw` cÖmbœ †MvqvwjbxÕ evK¨wUi RwUj iƒc †jL| L. Ô†NviZi K…òeY©Õ msjv‡c DwK‡ji cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi I KgjvKv‡š—i Abyave‡bi cv_©K¨ eywS‡q `vI| M. ew`D‡ii fvebvi m‡½ KgjvKv‡š—i msjv‡ci fvev‡_©i mv „k¨ eywS‡q wjL| N. Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q‡` ÔKgjvKv‡š—i Revbew›`Õi g~jfvewU wfbœ †cÖ¶vc‡U cwi‡ewkZ n‡q‡QÕ- gš—e¨wUi

†¶‡Î †Zvgvi gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 14

ˆngš—x iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

†jLK cwiwPwZ

wek¦Kwe iex› ªbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb AZzjbxq I me©‡ZvgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix| KweZv QvovI †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, mgv‡jvPbv, cÎmvwnZ¨, igïPbv, ågY Kvwnbx, msMxZ−cÖwZwU wefv‡MB i‡q‡Q Zvui Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvi weij`„ó cwiPq| GQvovI wZwb wQ‡jb Abb¨ wPÎwkí; mvwnZ¨−cwÎKvi m¤úv`K I `¶ wk¶v msMVK| Ôkvwš—wb‡KZbÕ I wek¦fviZxÕ ZvuiB Ae`vb| gvÎ c‡bi eQi eq‡m Zvui cÖ_g Kve¨ ÔebdzjÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| Avi 1913 wLªóv‡ã we‡k¦i †kªô Kwei ghv© v wb‡q wZwb Gkxq‡ì g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g mvwn‡Z¨ Ô†bv‡ej cyi¯‹viÕ cvb| evsjv †QvUM‡íi cw_K„r wZwb| Zvui AmvaviY †QvUMí¸‡jv cÖavbZ msKwjZ n‡q‡Q ÔMí¸”QÕ MÖ‡š’i PviwU L‡Ê I ÔMímíÕ MÖ‡š’| Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ, ÔwPÎvÕ, ÔejvKvÕ, gvbmxÕ, ÔKíbvÕ, BZ¨vw` weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’mn Zvui ARmª MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ AviI D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q Ô†bŠKvWyweÕ, Ô†MvivÕ, ÔN‡i evB‡iÕ, ÔPvi Aa¨vqÕ, Ô†k‡li KweZvÕ BZ¨vw` Dcb¨vm, Ôi³ KiexÕ, ÔivRvÕ, ÔwPÎv½`vÕ, ÔWvKNiÕ, ÔwPiKzgvi mfvÕ, ÔwemR©bÕ, BZ¨vw` bvUK I cÖnmb; ÔwewPÎÕ ÔcÖeÜÕ,ÔKvjvš—iÕ, ÔcÂf~ZÕ, Ômf¨Zvi msKUÕ BZ¨vw` cÖeÜ: Ôevsjv fvlv cwiPqÕ, Ô†jvKmvwnZ¨Õ, ÔmvwnZ¨Õ fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I wk¶v BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv MÖš’| iex› ªbv‡_i Rb¥ KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi weL¨vZ VvKzi cwiev‡i 1861 wLªóv‡ãi 7B †g, evsjv 25†k êkvL 1268 e½v‡× Ges g„Zz 1941 wLªóv‡ãi 7B AvM÷, evsjv 22 †k kªveY, 1348 e½v‡ã|

Kb¨vi evc meyi Kwi‡Z cvwi‡Zb, wKš‘ e‡ii evc meyi Kwi‡Z Pvwn‡jb bv| wZwb †`wL‡jb, †g‡qwUi weev‡ni eqm cvi nBqv †M‡Q, wKš‘ Avi wKQzw`b †M‡j †mUv‡K f`ª ev Af ª †Kv‡bv iK‡g Pvcv wèvi mgqUvI cvi nBqv hvB‡e| †g‡qi eqm A‰ea iK‡g evwoqv †M‡Q e‡U, wKš‘ c‡Yi UvKvi Av‡cw¶K ¸i“Z¡ GL‡bv Zvnvi †P‡q wKwÂr Dc‡i Av‡Q, †mRb¨B Zvov| Avwg wQjvg ei| myZivs, weevn m¤‡Ü Avgvi gZ hvPvB Kiv Abvek¨K wQj| Avgvi KvR Avwg KwiqvwQ, Gd. G. cvk Kwiqv e„wË cvBqvwQ| ZvB cÖRvcwZi yB c¶, Kb¨vc¶ I eic¶, Nb Nb wePwjZ nBqv DwVj| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †h-gvbyl GKevi weevn Kwiqv‡Q weevn m¤^‡Ü Zvnvi g‡b Avi †Kv‡bv D`&‡eM _v‡K bv| bigvs‡mi ^v` cvB‡j gvby‡li m¤^‡Ü ev‡Ni †h `kv nq, ¯¿x m¤^‡Ü Zvnvi fveUv †miƒc nBqv D‡V| Ae¯’v †hgwb I eqm hZB nDK, ¿xi Afve NwUevgvÎ Zvnv c~iY Kwiqv jB‡Z Zvnvi †Kv‡bv wØav _v‡K bv| hZ wØav I ywðš—v †m †`wL Avgv‡ì bexb QvÎ‡ì| weev‡ni †cŠbtcywbK cÖ —v‡e Zvnv‡ì wcZ…c‡¶i cvKv Pzj Kj‡ci Avkxe©v‡` cybtcybt KuvPv nBqv D‡V, Avi cÖ_g NUKvwji Avu‡PB Bnv‡ì KuvPv Pzj fvebvq GKiv‡Î cvwKevi Dcµg nq|

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evsjv msKjb 15

mZ¨ ewj‡ZwQ, Avgvi g‡b Ggb welg D &‡eM R‡b¥ bvB| eiÂ weev‡ni K_vq Avgvi g‡bi g‡a¨ †hb

`w¶‡Y nvIqv w`‡Z jvwMj| †KŠZ~njx Kíbvi wKkjq¸wji g‡a¨ GKUv †hb KvbvKvwb cwoqv †Mj|

hvnv‡K ev‡K©i †d«Â †i‡fvjy k‡bi †gvU cuvP−mvZ LvZv gyL¯’ Kwi‡Z nB‡e, Zvnvi c‡¶ G fveUv

†`v‡li| Avgvi G †jLv hw` †UK÷eyK−KwgwUi Aby‡gvw`Z nBevi †Kv‡bv Avk¼v _vwKZ Z‡e mveavb

nBZvg|

wKš‘, G Kx Kwi‡ZwQ| G wK GKUv Mí †h Dcb¨vm wjwL‡Z ewmjvg| Ggb my‡i Avgvi †jLv ïi“ nB‡e G

Avwg wK RvwbZvg| g‡b wQj, Kq erm‡ii †e`bvi †h †gN Kv‡jv nBqv Rwgqv DwVqv‡Q, Zvnv‡K êkvL

mÜ¨vi †Sv‡ov e„wói gZ cÖej el©‡Y wbt‡kl Kwiqv wè| wKš‘, bv cvwijvg evsjvq wkïcvV¨ eB wjwL‡Z,

KviY ms¯‹…Z gy»‡eva e¨vKiY Avgvi cov bvB; Avi bv cvwijvg Kve¨ iPbv Kwi‡Z, KviY gvZ…fvlv Avgvi

Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ Ggb cyw®úZ nBqv D‡V bvB hvnv‡Z wb‡Ri Aš—i‡K evwn‡i Uvwbqv Avwb‡Z cvwi|

†mBR‡b¨B †`wL‡ZwQ, Avgvi wfZiKvi k¥kvbPvix mbœ vmxUv AÆnv‡m¨ Avcbv‡K Avcwb cwinvm Kwi‡Z

ewmqv‡Q| bv Kwiqv Kwi‡e Kx? Zvnvi †h AkÖ“ ïKvBqv †M‡Q| ˆR¨‡ôi Li‡iŠ ªB †Zv ˆR¨‡ôi AkÖ“k~b¨

†iv`b|

Avgvi m‡½ hvnvi weevn nBqvwQj Zvnvi bvgUv wè bv| KviY, c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Zvnvi bvgwU jBqv

cÖZœZvwË¡K‡ì g‡a¨ weev‡ì †Kv‡bv Avk¼v bvB| †h Zvgªkvm‡b Zvnvi bvg †Lv`vB Kiv Av‡Q †mUv Avgvi

ü`qcU| †Kv‡bvKv‡j †m cU Ges †m bvg wejyß nB‡e, Ggb K_v Avwg g‡b Kwi‡Z cvwi bv| wKš‘, †h

Ag„Z‡jv‡K Zvnv A¶q nBqv iwnj †mLv‡b HwZnvwm‡Ki Avbv‡Mvbv bvB|

Avgvi G †jLvq Zvnvi †hgb nDK GKUv bvg PvB| Av”Qv, Zvnvi bvg w`jvg wkwki| †Kbbv, wkwk‡i

Kvbœvnvwm G‡Kev‡i GK nBqv Av‡Q, Avi wkwk‡i †fvi‡ejvUzKzi K_v mKvj‡ejvq Avwmqv dzivBqv hvq|

wkwki Avgvi †P‡q †Kej yB eQ‡ii †QvU wQj| A_P, Avgvi wcZv †h †MŠix`v‡bi c¶cvZx wQ‡jb bv

Zvnv b‡n| Zuvnvi wcZv wQ‡jb DMÖfv‡e mgvRwe‡ ªvnx; †`‡ki cÖPwjZ ag©K‡g© wKQz‡ZB Zuvnvi Av ’v wQj

bv; wZwb Kwlqv Bs‡iwR cwoqvwQ‡jb| Avgvi wcZv DMÖfv‡e mgv‡Ri AbyMvgx; gvwb‡Z Zuvnvi ev‡a Ggb

wRwbm Avgv‡ì mgv‡R, m`‡i ev A›`‡i, †`Dwo ev wLowKi c‡_ LuywRqv cvIqv `vq, KviY BwbI Kwlqv

Bs‡iwR cwoqvwQ‡jb| wcZvgn Ges wcZv Df‡qiB gZvgZ we‡ ªv‡ni yB wewfbœ g~wZ©| †Kv‡bvUvB mij

¯^vfvweK b‡n| Zey e‡ov eq‡mi †g‡qi m‡½ evev †h Avgvi weevn w`‡jb Zvnvi KviY, †g‡qi eqm eo

ewjqvB c‡bi A¼UvI eo| wkwki Avgvi k¦ï‡ii GKgvÎ †g‡q| evevi wek¦vm wQj, Kb¨vi wcZvi mg —

UvKv fvex RvgvZvi fwe‡lï Mf© c~iY Kwiqv Zzwj‡Z‡Q|

Avgvi k¦ï‡ii we‡kl †Kv‡bv GKUv g‡Zi evjvB wQj bv| wZwb cwð‡gi GK cvnv‡oi †Kv‡bv ivRvi

Aax‡b eo KvR Kwi‡Zb| wkwki hLb †Kv‡j ZLb Zvnvi gvi g„Zz¨ nq| †g‡q ermi−A‡š— GK−GK eQi

Kwiqv eo nB‡Z‡Q, Zvnv Avgvi k¦ï‡ii †Pv‡LB c‡o bvB| †mLv‡b Zuvnvi mgv‡Ri †jvK Ggb †KnB wQj

bv †h Zuvnv‡K †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q †`LvBqv w`‡e|



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evsjv msKjb 16

wkwk‡ii eqm h_vmg‡q †lv‡jv nBj; wKš‘ †mUv ¯fv‡ei †lv‡jv, mgv‡Ri †lv‡jv b‡n| †Kn Zvnv‡K

Avcb eq‡mi Rb¨ mZK© nB‡Z civgk© †`q bvB, †mI Avcb eqmUvi w`‡K wdwiqvI ZvKvBZ bv|

K‡j‡R Z…Zxq erm‡i cv w`qvwQ, Avgvi eqm Dwbk, Ggb mgq Avgvi weevn nBj| eqmUv mgv‡Ri g‡Z

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fvj bq|

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†Kv‡bv GK Rb Avbvwo KvwiM‡ii †Zvjv Qwe| gv wQj bv, myZivs †Kn Zvnvi Pzj Uvwbqv euvwaqv †Luvcvq

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cÖmªeY wQj Zvnvi mÜvb hvnviv RvwbZ Zvnviv Zuvnv‡K Qvwo‡Z PvwnZ bv| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 17

Kg©‡¶‡Î wdwievi c~‡e© Avgvi k¦ïi Avgv‡K WvwKqv ewj‡jb, Òevev, Avgvi †g‡qwU‡K Avwg m‡Z‡iv eQi

awiqv Rvwb, Avi †Zvgv‡K GB KÕwU w`b gvÎ Rvwbjvg, Zey †Zvgvi nv‡ZB I iwnj| †h ab w`jvg Zvnvi

g~j¨ †hb eywS‡Z cvi, Bnvi †ewk Avkxe©v` Avi bvB|Ó

Zuvnvi †envB †envb mK‡jB Zuvnv‡K evievi Kwiqv Avk¦vm w`qv ewj‡jb, Ò‡envB, g‡b †Kv‡bv wPš—v

ivwL‡qv bv| †Zvgvi †g‡qwU †hgb evc‡K Qvwoqv Avwm‡Z‡Q, GLv‡b †Zgwb evc gv Dfq‡KB cvBj|Ó

Zvnvi c‡i k¦ïigkvq †g‡qi Kv‡Q we`vq jBevi †ejv nvwm‡jb; ewj‡jb, Òeywo, Pwjjvg| †Zvi GKLvwb

gvÎ evc, AvR nB‡Z Bnvi hw` wKQz †Lvqv hvq ev Pzwi hvq ev bó nq Avwg Zvnvi Rb¨ `vqx bB|Ó

†g‡q ewjj, ÒZvB eB-wK| †Kv_vI GKUz hw` †jvKmvb nq †Zvgv‡K Zvi ¶wZc~iY Kwi‡Z nB‡e|Ó

Ae‡k‡l wbZ¨ Zuvnvi †hme wel‡q weåvU N‡U evc‡K †m m¤‡Ü †m evievi mZK© wKiqv w`j| Avnvi

m¤‡Ü Avgvi k¦ï‡ii h‡_ó mshg wQj bv; ¸wUK‡qK Ac_¨ wQj, Zvnvi cÖwZ Zuvnvi we‡kl

Avmw³−evc‡K †mB mg — cÖ‡jvfb nB‡Z h_vm¤¢e †VKvBqv ivLv †g‡qi GK KvR wQj| ZvB AvR †m

ev‡ci nvZ awiqv D &‡e‡Mi mwnZ ewjj, Òevev, Zzwg Avgvi K_v †i‡Lv−ivL‡e?Ó

evev nvwmqv Kwn‡jb, Ògvbyl cY K‡i fvwOqv †dwjqv nuvd Qvwoevi Rb¨| AZGe K_v bv †Ìqv me‡P‡q

wbivc`|Ó

Zvnvi c‡i evc Pwjqv Avwm‡j N‡i KcvU cwoj| Zvnvi c‡i Kx nBj †Kn Rv‡b bv|

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AwaKvi Qvwoqv w`qv AwaKvi ivwL‡Z hvBevi g‡Zv Ggb weo¤^bv Avi bvB|Ó

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Zuvnvi †gRvR GZ Lvivc †Zv †`wL bvB|



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evsjv msKjb 18

†hb Nyl w`‡Z‡Qb Ggwbfv‡e Avgvi nv‡Z GKLvbv GK‡kv UvKvi †bvU MuywRqv w`qvB Avgvi k¦ïi `ª“Z

cÖ ’vb Kwi‡jb; Avgvi cÖYvg jBevi Rb¨ meyi Kwi‡jb bv| wcQb nB‡Z †`wL‡Z cvBjvg, GBevi c‡KU

nB‡Z i“gvj evwni nBj|

Avwg ¯—ä nBqv ewvmqv fvwe‡Z jvwMjvg| g‡b eywSjvg, Bnviv Ab¨ Rv‡Zi gvbyl|

eÜz‡ì A‡bK‡KB †Zv weevn Kwi‡Z †`wLjvg| gš¿ covi m‡½ m‡½B ¿xwU‡K G‡Kev‡i GK MÖv‡m

MjvatKiY Kiv nq| cvKh‡š¿ †cuŠwQqv wKQz¶Y ev‡` GB c`v_©wUi bvbv ¸Yv¸Y cÖKvk nB‡Z cv‡i Ges

¶‡Y ¶‡Y Avf¨š—wiK D`&‡eM Dcw¯’Z nBqvI _v‡K, wKš‘ iv —vUzKz‡Z †Kv_vI wKQzgvÎ ev‡a bv| Avwg wKš‘

weevn mfv‡ZB eywSjvg, `v‡bi g‡š¿ ¯¿x‡K †hUzKz cvIqv hvq Zvnv‡Z msmvi P‡j, wKš‘ c‡b‡iv−Avbv evwK

_vwKqv hvq| Avgvi m‡›`n nq, AwaKvsk †jv‡K ¯¿x‡K weevngvÎ K‡i, cvq bv Ges Rv‡bI bv †h cvq

bvB; Zvnv‡ì ¿xi Kv‡QI Avg„Zz Kvj G Lei aiv c‡o bv| wKš‘, †m †h Avgvi mvabvi ab wQj; †m

Avgvi m¤úwË bq, †m Avgvi m¤ú`|

wkwki−bv, G bvgUv Avi eënvi Kiv Pwjj bv| G‡K †Zv GUv Zvnvi bvg bq, Zvnv‡Z GUv Zvnvi

cwiPqI b‡n| †m m~‡h©i gZ aª“e; †m ¶YRxwebx Elvi we`v‡qi AkÖ“we› ywU bq| Kx nB‡e †Mvcb ivwLqv,

Zvnvi Avmj bvg ˆngš—x|

†`wLjvg, GB m‡Z‡iv eQ‡ii †g‡qwUi Dc‡i †hŠe‡bi mg — Av‡jv Avwmqv cwoqv‡Q, wKš‘ GL‡bv

ˆK‡kv‡ii †Kvj nB‡Z †m RvwMqv D‡V bvB| †hb ˆkjP~ovi ei‡di Dci mKv‡ji Av‡jv wVKwiqv

cwoqv‡Q, wKš‘ eid GL‡bv Mwjj bv| Avwg Rvwb, Kx AKj¼ ïå †m, Kx wbweo cweÎ!

Avgvi g‡b GKUv fvebv wQj †h, †jLvcov Rvbv e‡ov †g‡q, Kx Rvwb †Kgb Kwiqv Zvnvi gb cvB‡Z

nB‡e| wKš‘ AwZ Aíw`‡bB †`wLjvg, g‡bi iv —vi m‡½ eB‡qi †`vKv‡bi iv —vi †Kv‡bv RvqMvq †Kv‡bv

KvUvKvwU bvB| K‡e †h Zvnvi mv`v gbwUi Dc‡i GKUz is awij, †Pv‡L GKUz †Nvi jvwMj, K‡e †h Zvnvi

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jBevi Rb¨ †m e¨MÖ, wKš‘ gv Zvnv‡K AZ¨š— †mœ‡n wKQz‡ZB nvZ w`‡Z w`‡jb bv| Ggb wK, ˆngi m‡½

cvnvo nB‡Z †h `vmx AvwmqvwQj hwÌ Zvnv‡K wb‡R‡ì N‡i XywK‡Z w`‡Zb bv, Zey Zvnvi RvZ m¤^‡Ü

cÖkœgvÎ Kwi‡jb bv, cv‡Q wekªx GKUv DËi ïwb‡Z nq| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 19

Ggwbfv‡eB w`b Pwjqv hvB‡Z cvwiZ, wKš‘ nVvr GK w`b evevi gyL †Nvi AÜKvi †`Lv †Mj| e¨vcviLvbv

GB− Avgvi weev‡n Avgvi k¦ïi c‡b‡iv nvRvi UvKv bM` Ges cuvP nvRvi UvKvi Mnbv w`qvwQ‡jb| evev

Zuvnvi GK `vjvj eÜzi Kv‡Q Lei cvBqv‡Qb, Bnvi g‡a¨ c‡b‡iv nvRvi UvKvB avi Kwiqv msMÖn Kwi‡Z

nBqv‡Q, Zvnvi my I wbZvš— mvgvb¨ b‡n| jvL UvKvi ¸Re †Zv G‡Kev‡iB duvwK|

hwÌ Avgvi k¦ï‡ii m¤úwËi cwigvY m¤‡Ü Avgvi evevi m‡½ †Kv‡bvw`bB †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbvB nq bvB,

Zey evev Rvwb bv †Kvb hyw³‡Z wVK Kwi‡jb, Zuvnvi †envB Zuvnv‡K B”Qvc~e©K cÖeÂbv Kwiqv‡Qb|

Zvi c‡i, evevi GKUv aviYv wQj, Avgvi k¦ïi ivRvi cÖavbgš¿x †Mv‡Qi GKUv-wKQz| Lei jBqv

Rvwb‡jb, wZwb †mLvbKvi wk¶vwefv‡Mi Aa¨¶| evev ewj‡jb, A_©vr B¯‹z‡ji †nWgvóvi-msmv‡i f ª c`

hZ¸‡jv Av‡Q Zvnvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q IuPv| evevi eo Avkv wQj, k¦ïi AvR ev‡` Kvj Kv‡R Aemi jB‡eb

ZLb AvwgB ivRgš¿x nBe|

Ggb mgq ivm-Dcj‡¶ †`‡ki KzUz¤iv Avgv‡ì KwjKvZvi evwo‡Z Avwmqv Rgv nB‡jb| Kb¨v‡K †`wLqv

Zuvnv‡ì g‡a¨ GKUv KvbvKvwb cwoqv †Mj| KvbvKvwb µ‡g AùzU nB‡Z ùzU nBqv DwVj| ~i m¤ú‡K©i

†Kv‡bv GK w`w`gv ewjqv DwV‡jb, Ò‡cvov Kcvj Avgvi! bvZeD †h eq‡m Avgv‡KI nvi gvbvBj|Ó

Avi−GK w`w`gv‡kªYxqv ewj‡jb, ÒAvgv‡ìB hw` nvi bv gvbvB‡e Z‡e Acy evwni nB‡Z eD Avwb‡Z

hvB‡e †Kb?Ó

Avgvi gv Lye †Rv‡ii m‡½ ewjqv DwV‡jb, ÒIgv, †m wK K_v| eDgvi eqm m‡e GMv‡iv eB †Zv bq, GB

Avm‡Q dvêy‡b ev‡ivq cv w`‡e| †LvÆvi †`‡k Wvji“wU LvBqv gvbyl, ZvB Agb evoš— nBqv DwVqv‡Q|Ó

w`w`gviv ewj‡jb, ÒevQv, GL‡bv †Pv‡L GZ Kg †Zv †`wL bv| Kb¨vc¶ wbðqB †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q eqm

fuvovBqv‡Q|

gv ewj‡jb, ÒAvgiv †h †Kvwô †`wLjvg|Ó

K_vUv mZ¨| wKš‘ †Kvwô‡ZB cÖgvY Av‡Q, †g‡qi eqm m‡Z‡iv|

cÖexYviv ewj‡jb, Ò†Kvwô‡Z wK Avi duvwK P‡j bv|?Ó

GB jqBqv †Nvi ZK©, GgbwK, weev` nBqv †Mj|

Ggb mgq †mBLv‡b ˆng Avwmqv Dcw ’Z| †K‡bv GK w`w`gv wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, ÒbvZeD, †Zvgvi eqm

KZ e‡jv †Zv?Ó

gv Zvnv‡K †PvL wUwcqv Bkviv Kwi‡jb| ˆng Zvnvi A_© eywSj bv| ewjj, Òm‡Z‡iv|Ó

gv e¨ — nBqv ewjqv DwV‡jb, ÒZzwg Rvb bv|Ó



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evsjv msKjb 20

ˆng Kwnj, ÒAvwg Rvwb, Avgvi eqm m‡Z‡iv|Ó

w`w`gviv ci¯úi Mv-†Ucv‡Uwc Kwi‡jb|

ea~i wbe©yw×Zvq ivwMqv DwVqv gv ewj‡jb, ÒZzwg †Zv me Rvb! †Zvgvi evev †h ewj‡jb, †Zvgvi eqm

GMv‡iv|Ó ˆng PgwKqv Kwnj, Òevev ewjqv‡Qb? KL‡bv bv|Ó

gv Kwn‡jb, ÒAevK Kwij| †envB Avgvi mvg‡b wb‡Ri gy‡L ewj‡jb, Avi †g‡q e‡j ÔKL‡bv bvÕ|Ó GB

ewjqv Avi GKevi †PvL wUwc‡jb|

Gevi ˆng Bkvivi gv‡b eywSj| ¯i Av‡iv `„p Kwiqv ewij, Òevev Ggb K_v KL‡bvB ewj‡Z cv‡ib bv|Ó

gv Mjv PovBqv ewj‡jb, ÒZzB Avgv‡K wg_¨vev`x ewj‡Z Pvm?Ó

ˆng ewjj, ÒAvgvi evev †Zv KL‡bvB wg_¨v e‡jb bv|Ó

Bnvi c‡i gv hZB Mvwj w`‡Z jvwM‡jb, K_vUvi Kvwj ZZB MovBqv QovBqv Pvwiw`‡K †jwcqv †Mj|

gv ivM Kwiqv evevi Kv‡Q Zuvnvi ea~i g~pZv Ges Z‡ZvwaK GKMuy‡qwgi K_v ewjqv w`‡jb| evev ˆng‡K

WvwKqv ewj‡jb, ÒAvBeo †g‡qi eqm m‡Z‡iv, GUv wK Lye GKUv †MŠi‡ei K_v, ZvB XvK wcwUqv

†eovB‡Z nB‡e? Avgv‡ì GLv‡b Gme Pwj‡e bv, ewjqv ivwL‡ZwQ|Ó

nvq †i, Zuvnvi eDgvi cÖwZ evevi †mB gaygvLv cÂg î AvR G‡Kev‡i Ggb evRLuvB Lv‡` bvwej †Kgb

Kwiqv|

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evev ewj‡jb, Òwg_¨v ewjevi ìKvi bvB, Zzwg ewjI Avwg Rvwb bv, Avgvi kvïwo Rv‡bb|Ó

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Zuvnvi m yc‡`kUv G‡Kev‡i ev‡R LiP nBj|

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AvKv‡ki g‡Zv Zvnvi †Pv‡Li †mB mij D`vm `„wó GKUv Kx msk‡q ¤−vb nBqv †M‡Q| fxZ nwiYxi g‡Zv

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nv‡Z Kwiqv jBj Ges Av‡ — Av‡¯— †Kv‡ji Dci ivwLqv w`j, GKevi LywjqvI †`wLj bv|

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AvNvZ Kwie bv, Avwg †h †Zvgvi m‡Zï euva‡b euvav|Ó www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 21

ˆng wKQz bv ewjqv GKUzLvwb nvwmj| †m nvwm weavZv hvnv‡K w`qv‡Qb Zvnvi †Kv‡bv K_v ewjevi ìKvi

bvB|

wcZvi Avw_©K DbœwZi ci nB‡Z †èZvi AbyMÖn‡K ’vqx Kwievi Rb¨ b~Zb Drmv‡n Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z

c~RvP©bv Pwj‡Z‡Q| G ch©š— †m mg¯— wµqvK‡g© evwoi ea~‡K WvK c‡o bvB| b~Zb ea~i cÖwZ GKw`b c~Rv

mvRvBevi Av‡`k nBj; †m ewjj, Ògv, ewjqv `vI Kx Kwi‡Z nB‡e?Ó

Bnv‡Z KvnviI gv_vq AvKvk fvwOqv cwoevi K_v bq, KviY mK‡jiB Rvbv wQj, gvZ…nxb Kb¨v cÖev‡m

gvbyl| wKš‘ †KejgvÎ ˆng‡K jw¾Z KivB GB Av‡`‡ki †nZz| mK‡jB Mv‡j nvZ w`qv ewjj, ÒIgv, G

Kx KvÊ! G †Kvb bvw —‡Ki N‡ii †g‡q| Gevi G msmvi nB‡Z j²x Qvwoj, Avi †`wi bvB|Ó

GB Dcj‡¶ ˆngi ev‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ hvnv−bv ewjevi Zvnv ejv nBj| hLb nB‡Z KUz K_vi nvIqv w`qv‡Q,

ˆng G‡Kev‡i Pzc Kwiqv mg¯— mn¨ Kwiqv‡Q| GKw`‡bi Rb¨ KvnviI mvg‡b †m †Pv‡Li RjI †d‡j

bvB| AvR Zvnvi eo eo `yB †PvL fvmvBqv w`qv Rj cwo‡Z jvwMj| †m DwUqv uvovBqv ewjj, ÒAvcbviv

Rv‡bb−†m †`‡k Avgvi evev‡K mK‡j Fwl e‡j?Ó Fwl e‡j! fvwi GKUv nvwm cwoqv †Mj| Bnvi c‡i

Zvnvi wcZvi D‡j −L Kwi‡Z cÖvqB ejv nBZ, †Zvgvi Fwlevev! GB †g‡qwUi mK‡ji †P‡q ì‡ì

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ewjqvwQ‡jb, ÒAvwg hvnv eywS bv, Zvnv wkLvB‡Z †M‡j †Kej KcUZv †kLv‡bv nB‡e|Ó

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A‡bK MÄbv mwn‡Z nBqvwQj| msmvihvÎvq ˆngi mg — Acgv‡bi cvjv Avwg Zvnvi Kv‡QB ïwb‡Z

cvBZvg| GKw`‡bi RbÏ Avwg ˆngi Kv‡Q ïwb bvB| G me K_v ms‡Kv‡P †m gy‡L Avwb‡Z cvwiZ bv|

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wPwVi g‡a¨ Aciv‡ai †Kv‡bv cÖgvY bv cvBqv DciIqvjv‡ì gb †h kvš— nBqvwQj Zvnv b‡n| †eva Kwi

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evsjv msKjb 22

GB jBqv A‡bK AwcÖq K_v Pwj‡Z jvwMj| Avwg ¶zä nBqv ˆng‡K ewjjvg, Ò†Zvgvi evevi wPwV Avi-

Kvnv‡KI bv w`qv Avgv‡KB w`‡qv| K‡j‡R hvBevi mgq Avwg †cv÷ Kwiqv wè|Ó

ˆng wew¯§Z nBqv wRÁvmv Kwij, Ò†Kb?Ó

Avwg j¾vq Zvnvi DËi w`jvg bv|

evwo‡Z GLb mK‡j ewj‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwij, ÒGBevi Acyi gv_v LvIqv nBj| we. G, wWwMÖ wkKvq †Zvjv

iwnj| †Q‡jiB ev †`vl Kx?Ó

†m †Zv e‡UB| †`vl mg¯—B ˆngi| Zvnvi †`vl †h Zvnvi eqm m‡Z‡iv| Zvnvi †`vl †h Avwg Zvnv‡K

fv‡jvevwm, Zvnvi †`vl †h weavZvi GB wewa, ZvB Avgvi ü`‡qi i‡Üª i‡Üª mg¯— AvKvk AvR euvwk

evRvB‡Z‡Q|

we. G, wWwMÖ AKvZiwP‡Ë Avwg Pzjvq w`‡Z cvwiZvg wKš‘ ˆngi Kj¨v‡Y cY Kwijvg, cvk KwieB Ges

fv‡jv KwiqvB cvk Kwie| G cY i¶v Kiv Avgvi †m Ae ’vi †h m¤¢eci †eva nBqvwQj Zvnvi `yBwU

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†m gb‡K RovBqv ivwLZ bv, †mB fv‡jvevmvi Pvwiw`‡K fvwi GKwU ¯^v ’ Ki nvIqv ewnZ| wØZxq,

cix¶vi Rb¨ †h eB¸‡jv covi cÖ‡qvRb Zvnv ˆngi m‡½ GK‡Î wgwjqv cov Am¤¢e wQj bv|

cix¶v cv‡ki D &‡hv‡M †Kvgi euvwaqv jvwMjvg| GKw`b iweevi ga¨v‡ý evwn‡ii N‡i ewmqv gvwU©‡bvi

PwiÎZË¡ eBLvwbi we‡kl jvB‡bi ga¨c_¸‡jv dvwoqv †dwjqv bxj †cwÝ‡ji jvOj PvjvB‡ZwQjvg, Ggb

mgq evwn‡ii w`‡K nVvr †PvL cwoj|

Avgvi N‡ii m¤§y‡L AvwObvi DËi w`‡K Aš—tcy‡i DwVevi GKUv wmuwo| ZvnviB Mv‡q Mv‡q gv‡S gv‡S

Miv‡`−†Ìqv GK GKUv Rvbvjv| †`wL ZvnviB GKUv Rvbvjvq ˆng Pzc Kwiqv ewmqv cwð‡gi w`‡K

Pvwnqv| †mw`‡K gwj −K‡ì evMv‡b KvÂbMvQ †Mvjvwc dz‡j Av”Qbœ|

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mg — †dwjqv Avgvi Kv‡Q Avwmqv‡Q| †mUv KZLvwb Zvnv Avwg fv‡jv Kwiqv fvwe bvB| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 23

Avgv‡ì msmv‡i Acgv‡bi KÈKkq‡b †m ewmqv; †m kqb AvwgI Zvnvi m‡½ fvM Kwiqv jBqvwQ| †mB

yt‡L ˆngi m‡½ Avgvi †hvM wQj, Zvnv‡Z Avgvw`M‡K c„_K K‡i bvB| wKš‘, GB wMwibw›`bx m‡Z‡iv

ermi-Kvj Aš—‡i evwn‡i KZ eo GKUv gyw³i g‡a¨ gvbyl nBqv‡Q| Kx wbg©j m‡Z¨ Ges D`vi Av‡jv‡K

Zvnvi cÖK…wZ Ggb FRy ïå I mej nBqv DwVqv‡Q| Zvnv nB‡Z ˆng †h Kxiƒc wbiwZkq I wbôziiƒ‡c

wew”Qbœ nBqv‡Q GZw`b Zvnv Avwg m¤ú~Y© Abyfe Kwi‡Z cvwi bvB, †Kbbv †mLv‡b Zvnvi m‡½ Avgvi

mgvb Avmb wQj bv|

ˆng †h Aš—‡i gyn~‡Z© gyn~‡Z© gwi‡ZwQj| Zvnv‡K Avwg me w`‡Z cvwi wKš‘ gyw³ w`‡Z cvwi bv−Zvnv Avgvi

wb‡Ri g‡a¨ †Kv_vq? †mB Rb¨B KwjKvZvi Mwj‡Z H Miv‡ì duvK w`qv wbe©vK AvKv‡ki m‡½ Zvnvi

wbe©vK g‡bi K_v nq; Ges GK GK w`b iv‡Î nVvr RvwMqv DwVqv †`wL, †m weQvbvq bvB; nv‡Zi Dci

gv_v ivwLqv AvKvk-fiv Zvivi w`‡K gyL Zzwjqv Qv‡` ïBqv Av‡Q|

gvwU©‡bv cwoqv iwnj| fvwe‡Z jvwMjvg, Kx Kwi! wkïKvj nB‡Z evevi Kv‡Q Avgvi ms‡Kv‡Pi Aš— wQj

bv, KL‡bv gyLvgywL Zuvnvi Kv‡Q ìevi Kwievi mvnm ev Af¨vm Avgvi wQj bv| †mw`b _vwK‡Z cvwijvg

bv| j¾vi gv_v LvBqv Zuvnv‡K ewjqv ewmjvg, ÒeD‡qi kixi fv‡jv bq, Zvnv‡K GKevi ev‡ci Kv‡Q

cvVvB‡j nq|Ó

evev †Zv G‡Kev‡i nZeyw×| g‡b †jkgvÎ m‡›`n iwnj bv †h, ˆngB GBiƒc Af~Zc~e© ¯úa©vq Avgv‡K

cÖewZ©Z Kwiqv‡Q| ZLbB wZwb DwVqv Aš—tcy‡i wMqv ˆng‡K wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Òewj, eDgv, †Zvgvi

AmyLUv wK‡mi?Ó ˆng ewjj, ÒAmyL †Zv bvB|Ó

evev fvwe‡jb, G DËiUv †ZR †`LvBevi Rb¨|

wKš‘, ˆng kixi †h w`‡b w`‡b ïKvBqv hvB‡ZwQj Zvnv Avgiv cÖwZw`‡bi Af¨vmekZB eywS bvB| GKw`b

ebgvjxevey Zvnv‡K †`wLqv PgwKqv DwV‡jb, ÒAu v, G Kx! ˆngx, G †Kgb †Pnviv †Zvi! AmyL K‡i bvB

†Zv?Ó

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GB NUbvi w`b `‡kK c‡iB ejv bvB, Knv bvB, nVvr Avgvi k¦ïi Avwmqv Dcw ’Z| ˆngi kix‡ii K_vUv

wbðq ebgvjxevey Zuvnv‡K wjwLqvwQ‡jb|

weev‡ni ci ev‡ci Kv‡Q we`vq jBevi mgq †g‡q Avcbvi AkÖ“ Pvwcqv wbqvwQj| Gevi wgj‡bi w`b evc

†hgwb Zvnvi wPeyK awiqv gyLwU Zzwjqv awi‡jb Agwb ˆngi †Pv‡Li Rj Avi gvbv gvwbj bv| evc GKwU

K_v ewj‡Z cvwi‡jb bv; wRÁvmv ch©š— Kwi‡jb bv, Ô†Kgb AvwQm|Õ Avgvi k¦ïi Zuvnvi †g‡qi gy‡L Ggb

GKUv wKQz †`wLqvwQ‡jb hvnv‡Z Zuvnvi eyK dvwUqv †Mj|

ˆng evevi nvZ awiqv Zuvnv‡K †kvevi N‡i jBqv †Mj| A‡bK K_v †h wRÁvmv Kwievi Av‡Q| Zvnvi

eveviI †h kixi fv‡jv †`LvB‡Z‡Q bv|



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evsjv msKjb 24

evev wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, Òeywo, Avgvi m‡½ hvwe?Ó

ˆng KvOv‡ji g‡Zv ewjqv DwVj, Òhve|Ó

evc ewj‡jb, ÒAv”Qv, me wVK Kwi‡ZwQ|Ó

k¦ïi hw` AZ¨š— D &weMœ nBqv bv _vwK‡Zb Zvnv nB‡j G evwo‡Z XywKqvB eywS‡Z cvwi‡Zb, GLv‡b Zuvnvi

Avi †mw`b bvB| nVvr Zuvnvi Avwef©ve‡K Dc ªe g‡b Kwiqv evev †Zv fv‡jv Kwiqv K_vB Kwn‡jb bv|

Avgvi k¦ï‡ii g‡b wQj Zuvnvi †envB GK`v Zuvnv‡K evievi Avk¦vm w`‡qwQ‡jb †h, hLb Zuvnvi Lywk

†g‡q‡K wZwb evwo jBqv hvB‡Z cvwi‡eb| G m‡Zï Ab¨_v nB‡Z cv‡i bv †m K_v wZwb g‡bI Avwb‡Z

cv‡ib bvB|

evev ZvgvK Uvwb‡Z Uvwb‡Z ewj‡jb, Ò†envB, Avwg †Zv wKQz ewj‡Z cvwi bv| GKevi Zvn‡j evwoi

g‡a¨−Ó

evwoi-g‡aï Dci eivZ †Ìqvi A_© Kx Avgvi Rvbv wQj| eywSjvg, wKQz nB‡e bv| wKQz nBjI bv|

eDgvi kixi fv‡jv bvB| GZ eo Acev`|

k¦ïigkvq ¯qs GK Rb fv‡jv Wv³vi Avwbqv cix¶v KivB‡jb| Wv³vi ewj‡jb, Òevqy cwieZ©b

Avek¨K, bwn‡j nVvr GKUv k³ e¨v‡gv nB‡Z cv‡i|Ó

evev nvwmqv Kwn‡jb, ÒnVvr GKUv k³ e¨v‡gv †Zv mK‡jiB nB‡Z cv‡i| GUv wK Avevi GKUv K_v|Ó

Avgvi k¦ïi Kwn‡jb, ÒRv‡bb †Zv Dwb GKRb cÖwm× Wv³vi, Dnvi K_vUv wK−?Ó

evev Kwn‡jb, ÒAgb †Xi Wv³vi †`wLqvwQ| `w¶Yvi †Rv‡i mKj cwÊ‡ZiB Kv‡Q me weavb †g‡j Ges

mKj Wv³v‡iiB Kv‡Q me †iv‡Mi mvwU©wd‡KU cvIqv hvq|Ó

GB K_vwU ïwbqv Avgvi k¦ïi G‡Kev‡i —ä nBqv †M‡jb| ˆng eywSj, Zvnvi evevi cÖ —ve Acgv‡bi

mwnZ AMÖvn¨ nBqv‡Q| Zvnvi gb G‡Kev‡i KvV nBqv †Mj|

Avwg Avi mwn‡Z cvwijvg bv| evevi Kv‡Q wMqv ewjjvg, Òˆng‡K Avwg jBqv hvBe|Ó

evev MwR©qv DwV‡jb, Òe‡U †i−Ó BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`|

eÜziv †Kn †Kn Avgv‡K wRÁvmv Kwiqv‡Qb, hvnv ewjjvg Zvnv Kwijvg bv †Kb| ¿x‡K jBqv †Rvi Kwiqv

evwni nBqv †M‡jB †Zv nBZ| †Mjvg bv †Kb? †Kb! hw` †jvKa‡g©i Kv‡Q mZäg©‡K bv †Vwje, hw`

N‡ii Kv‡Q N‡ii gvbyl‡K ewj w`‡Z bv cvwie, Z‡e Avvgvi i‡³i g‡a¨ eû hy‡Mi †h wk¶v Zvnv Kx

Kwi‡Z Av‡Q| Rvb †Zvgiv? †hw`b A‡hva¨vi †jv‡Kiv mxZv‡K wemR©b wèvi `vwe KwiqvwQj Zvnvi g‡a¨

AvwgI †h wQjvg| Avi †mB wemR©‡bi †MŠi‡ei K_v hy‡M hy‡M hvnviv Mvb Kwiqv Avwmqv‡Q AvwgI †h

Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb| Avi, AvwgI †Zv †mw`b †jvKiÄ‡bi Rb¨ ¿x cwiZ¨v‡Mi ¸Y eY©bv Kwiqv

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evsjv msKjb 25

gvwmKc‡Î cÖeÜ wjwLqvwQ| ey‡Ki i³ w`qv Avgv‡K †h GKw`b wØZxq mxZv−wemR©‡bi Kvwnbx wjwL‡Z

nB‡e †m K_v †K RvwbZ|

wcZvq Kb¨vq Avi GKevi we`v‡qi ¶Y Dcw¯’Z nBj| GBev‡iI `yBR‡biB gy‡L nvwm| Kb¨v nvwm‡Z nvwm‡Z fr©mbv Kwiqv ewjj, Òevev, Avi hw` KL‡bv Zzwg Avgv‡K †`Levi Rb¨ Ggb QzUvQzwU Kwiqv G evwo‡Z Avm Z‡e Avwg N‡i KcvU wè|Ó

evc nvwm‡Z nvwm‡Z ewj‡jb, Ò†di hw` Avwm, Z‡e wmuaKvwU m‡½ KwiqvB Avwme|Ó Bnvi c‡i ˆngi gy‡L Zvnvi wPiw`‡bi †mB wmœ» nvwmUzKz Avi GKw`‡bi RbÏ †`wL bvB| ZvnviI c‡i Kx nBj †mK_v Avi ewj‡Z cvwie bv|

ïwb‡ZwQ gv cvÎx mÜvb Kwi‡Z‡Qb| nq‡Zv GK w`b gvi Aby‡iva AMÖvn¨ Kwi‡Z cvwie bv, BnvI m¤¢e nB‡Z cv‡i| KviY−_vK& Avi KvR Kx!

kãv_© I UxKv †g‡qi eqm A‰ea iKg evwoqv †M‡Q − ZrKvjxb wn›`y mgv‡R AvU eQi eqmx Kb¨v‡K †MŠwi, bq eQi eqmx

Kb¨v‡K †ivwnYx, `k eQi eqmx Kb¨v‡K Kzgvix ejv nZ| `k eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨B Kb¨v‡K we‡q †Ìqvi wbqg wQj| †mB wn‡m‡e †g‡qwUi we‡qi eqm mvZ eQi Av‡MB cvi n‡q wM‡qwQj|

Av‡cw¶K ¸i“Z¡ − Zzjbvg~jK MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv| Gd.G. − †m mg‡q eZ©gvb D”P gva¨wgK chv©q‡K Gd. G. ev First Arts ejv

nZ| cÖRvcwZ − eªþv| wn› y cyivY Abymv‡i we‡qi †èZv| †cŠbtcywbK − evievi N‡U Ggb| GLv‡b evi evi DÌvwcZ| Kjc − cvKv, mv`v Pzj Kv‡jv Kivi is| welg − `viyY, `ytmn| `w¶‡Y nvIqv w`‡Z jvwMj − g‡bi g‡a¨ emš— −evZv‡mi wn‡j −vj eB‡Z _vKj| Avb‡›` we‡qi Rb¨

PÂj n‡q DVj| evK© − GWgÛ evK© (1729 −1797) Bs‡iwR ivRbxwZK, cÖvewÜK wec−‡ei Dc‡i

†jLv GWgÛ ev‡K©i MÖš’−ÔReflections on the Revolution if France|Õ wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|

†d«Â †i‡fvjy kb − AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †kl cÖv‡š— msNwUZ HwnZvwnm divwmi wec−‡ei Dc‡i †jLv GWgÛ ev‡K©i MÖš’| Reflections on the Revolution in France' GwU 1970 wLªóv‡ã cÖvKwkZ nq|

†UK÷ eyK KwgwU − cvV¨cy —K Aby‡gv`b K‡i Ggb ms ’v|



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evsjv msKjb 29

gv_v †nuU nIqv − AcgvwbZ ev jw¾Z nIqv|

AvKvk fvwOqv cov − AvKw¯§K wec‡` w`‡knviv n‡q hvIqv|

gv_v LvIqv − weM‡o †Ìqv, me©bvk Kiv|

wkKvq †Zvjv − ’wMZ ivLv, gyjZwe ivLv|

Pzjvq †Ìqv − †Mvj−vq †h‡Z †Ìqv|

Kvbvq Kvbvq fwiqv IVv − cy‡ivcywi fiv|

j¾vi gv_v LvIqv − wbj©‡¾i g‡Zv AvPiY Kiv|

eyK dvwUqv hvIqv − †kv‡K n„ q we`xY© nIqv| Drm I cwiwPwZ iex› ªbv‡_i Ôˆngš—xÕ MíwU cÖg_ †PŠayix m¤úvw`Z ÔmeyRcÎÕ gvwmK cwÎKvq ˆR¨ô 1321 e½v‡ã (1914 wLªt) cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU cÖ_‡g ÔMí mßKÕ MÖ‡š’ (1916 wLªt) msKwjZ n‡qwQj| c‡i ÔMí¸”QÕ Z…Zxq L‡Ê (1926 wLªt) mwbœ‡ewkZ nq| Ôˆngš—xÕ GK ^fve‡Kvgj cweÎ gvayh©gq jveY¨gqx †g‡qi Kvwnbx, †h †hŠZzK cÖ_vi h~cKv‡ô n‡q‡Q wbg©g ewj| n„ qnxb ^v_v©Ü k¦ïi-kvïwoi wbôzi AvPi‡Y Avi Zvi ¸Ygy» †cŠiylnxb ¯vgxi wb‡ðó AmnvqZvi gy‡L mij ïå wb®‹j¼ mZëªZx Ges GKB m‡½ †ZRw¯^bx ˆngš—xi †e`bvweayi cwiYwZ Avgv‡ì gg©g~‡j AvNvZ K‡i| wbZvš— mvaviY GK cvwievwiK cwigÊ‡ji AmvaviY Qwe AvuKvi `¶Zv Ges PwiÎ wPÎ‡Y m~² Aš— „©wó, Mfxi mnvbyf~wZ I Ac~e© g‡bvwe‡k −l‡Yi cwiPq i‡q‡Q iex›`ªbv‡_i GB Avðh© wkí‰bcyY¨gq †QvUM‡í| Abykxjbg~jK KvR

mvwnZ¨‡eva †QvUMí Avgiv Mí ï‡b ev c‡o Avb›` cvB| †h‡Kv‡b M‡íB Avgiv AvK…ó nB NUbvi NbNUvq| G †_‡K Avgiv cvB (1) c −U ev Kvwnbx| NUbvi m‡½ hy³ bvbv Kvwnbxi m~‡Î bvbv gvbe e¨w³‡Z¡i m‡½ Avgv‡ì cwiPq N‡U| Giv nj M‡íi (2) PwiÎ| M‡íi Kvwnbxi †fZi w`‡q Avgiv gvbe-fvM¨ m¤ú‡K© nq‡Zv A‡bK aviYv †c‡q hvB Ges Zv‡Z K‡i M‡íi (3) gg©evYx Avgv‡ì mvg‡b g~Z© n‡q I‡V| Gfv‡e Kvwnbx, PwiÎ Ges gg©evYxi †fZi w`‡q Avgiv cwiwPZ nB MíKvi Rxeb I RMr m¤ú‡K© †h (4) „wófw½i Av‡jv‡K NUbv, PwiÎ BZ¨vw` mvwbœ‡ek MíwU Avgv‡ì †Kgb †j‡M‡Q? Gici Avgiv „wócvZ Kie Gi MVb I wbgv©Y‰kjxi w`‡K| Zv h_vh_fv‡e Abyaveb Kivi †¶‡Î Avgiv wKQz cÖ‡kœi mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cvwi: Kx N‡U‡Q? Kvi †¶‡Î N‡U‡Q? †Kb? Kxfv‡e? GB cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Avgiv †c‡q hvB M‡íi (1) Kvwnbx ev NUbvavivi wbg©vY KvVv‡gv| Kvi †¶‡Î N‡U‡Q? GB cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e dz‡U



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evsjv msKjb 30

I‡V M‡íi wewfbœ (2) PwiÎ †Kb? GB cÖ‡kœi Reve AbymÜv‡bi †Póvq Avgiv †c‡q hvB M‡íi (3) welqe ‘ ev gg©evYx hv wKbv Pwi‡Îi wµqvKjvc wbqš¿Y I g~Z© K‡i| Avi Gme cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e Kxfv‡e †jLK Rxe‡bi Zvrch©‡K dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb M‡í, †mUvB n‡”Q †jL‡Ki (4) „wófw½|

mvwnZ¨‡eva AvZ¥wRÁvmv mvwnZ¨ Dcjwä Kivi GK ai‡bi Dcvq n‡”Q wb‡R wb‡R cÖkœ K‡i DËi †LuvRv| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g mvwnZ¨Kg© cix¶v Kiv hvq Zv Rvbv ìKvi| Mí-Dcb¨vm BZ¨vw` mvwnZ¨Kg© eyS‡Z n‡j cÖavbZ cÖkœ Ki‡Z nq PwiÎ, Zv‡ì Ae ’v, Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨, Ø‡›Øi KviY, Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv, Ab¨vb¨ Pwi‡Îi m‡½ Zv‡ì m¤úK© m¤ú‡K©| †h cwi‡e‡k Zviv Ae ’vb K‡i †m m¤ú‡K©I cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Zv‡ì wµqvKjvc I msNwUZ NUbvq Zv‡ì f~wgKv I ¸i“Z¡ Ges †m m¤úwK©Z cÖ‡kœi ReveI Luy‡R †`L‡Z nq| Ôˆngš—xÕ m¤úwK©Z wb‡Pi cÖkœ ‡jvi †h me Reve †Zvgvi g‡b Av‡m wj‡L †dj| Zvn‡j MíwU †h ïay fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡e Zv bq, †Zvgvi †MvQv‡bv DËi ˆZwi Kivi R‡bÏ Zv Kv‡R jvM‡e| 1. (K) ˆngš—xi wb‡Ri evwoi cwi‡ek †Kgb wQj? (L) we‡qi ci bZzb RvqMvq cwi‡e‡k †m Kx ai‡bi eënvi †c‡q‡Q? (M) †mB cwi‡e‡ki AcÖZ¨vwkZ cwieZ©b NUj †Kb? (N) G‡Z †m Kx ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb? 2. ˆngš—xi eqm KZ wQj? GB M‡í Zvi eqm †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i‡Q Kx? 3. Acyi †Pv‡L ˆngš—xi †Kvgj I g„ yfvlx| wKš‘ †Kvb cwiw ’wZ‡Z †m AZ¨š— „pZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q? 4. ˆngš—xi evev †Kgb †jvK wQ‡jb? †g‡qi m‡½ Zvui m¤ú‡K©i †h †h Qwe GB M‡í i‡q‡Q Zv Gu‡K

Gu‡K D‡j−L Ki| 5. (K) ˆngš—xi evevi m‡½ Acyi evevi Pwi‡Îi Kx cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq? (L) Ac~i evev ˆngš—xi evev‡K cÖ_‡g Kxfv‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb? (M) ˆngš—x‡K evwo‡Z wb‡Z G‡m wZwb cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡jb †Kb? 6. k¦ïi evwoi wbg©g AvPi‡Y ˆngš—xi †fZ‡i Kx ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv N‡UwQj? †m me‡P‡q `vi“Y AvNvZ †c‡q‡Q wK‡m? G‡¶‡Î M‡í ÔFwlevevÕ K_vwU eënv‡ii Zvrch© Kx? 7. (K) Acy †Kvb ai‡bi †jvK? (L) ˆngš—x Zv‡K KZUv fv‡jvevmZ? (M) †m-B ev ˆngš—x‡K KZUv fv‡jvevmZ? 8. ˆngi cÖwZ wcZvgvZvi i~p wbg©g AvPi‡Yi gy‡L Acyi AmnvqZvi KviY Kx? GB AmnvqZv KZUzKz m½Z? 9. Acy ÔwØZxq mxZv−wemR©‡bi KvwnbxÕ K_vwU w`‡q Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Q? 10. (K) ˆngš—xi †kl cwiYwZ Kx n‡qwQj? (L) H cwiYwZi Rb¨ †K ev Kviv `vqx?

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evsjv msKjb 31

PwiÎ wPÎY I we‡k −lY

†Kv‡bv PwiÎ wPÎY ev we‡k−lY mvaviYfv‡e wb‡Pi QK Abymv‡i n‡Z cv‡i:

1. m~Pbv: †h PwiÎ Av‡jvPbv ev we‡k−lY Ki‡Z hv‡”Q Zvi D‡j −L K‡i Zvi Pwi‡Îi Avmj ev †gŠwjK K_vwU †jL|

2. ga¨fvM: Pwi‡Îi e¨w³Z¡ I êwk‡óï wewfbœ w`‡Ki Ic‡i Av‡jvKcvZ K‡iv‡b ivL‡e Pwi‡Îi cwiPq dz‡U I‡V cÖ_gZ, PwiÎ hv e‡j, fv‡e I K‡i Zvi gva¨‡g; wØZxqZ, H PwiÎ m¤ú‡K© Ab¨vb¨ PwiÎ hv e‡j I fv‡e Zvi gva¨‡g; Z…ZxqZ, M‡íi K_K H PwiÎ‡K †hfv‡e dzwU‡q †Zv‡jb Zvi gva¨‡g|

3. mgvwß : †Zvgvi wb‡Ri `„wófw½i msw¶ßmvi †jL Ges M‡íi welqe ‘ ev gg©evYx dzwU‡q †Zvjvi †¶‡Î Pwi‡Îi f~wgKvi ¸i“Z¡‡K †Rviv‡jvfv‡e †`Lv‡Z †Póv Ki|

GB Lmov QK-Gi Av`‡j ˆngš—x Pwi‡Îi g~j êwkó¨ m~ÎvqZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e: 1| m~Pbv: †Kvgj, D`vi, mij, ïå, ˆngš—x‡K ¯v_©wK¬ó msmv‡ii wbg©g wbôziZvi welev‡®ú wZ‡j

wZ‡j Ki“Y cwiYwZ eiY K‡i wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| 2| ga¨fvM : K) ¯vgx Acyi ¯xK…wZ‡Z ˆngš—xi †Kvgj gvayh© I PwiÎ mylgv| L) ¯v_©wK¬ó msmv‡ii wbôziZvi gy‡L ˆngš—xi evM¨weo¤^bvgq cwiw¯’wZi wPÎ GiKg:

(GK) AcyÎ‡K †envB-Gi AvRxeb mwÂZ j¶vwaK UvKv N‡i Avm‡e Ges cyÎ k¦ï‡ii mvnv‡h¨ eo PvKwi cv‡e Acyi wcZvi GB Avkv f½ n‡j ˆngš—xi Ici wbôziZvi ïi“| (`yB) i~p wbg©g wbôziZvq ˆngš—xi †`ngb ïwK‡q‡Q wKš‘ †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` we‡¶vf †m K‡i wb|

(wZb) `vi“YZg AvNvZ G‡m‡Q wcZvi cÖwZ k¦ïi evwoi †jv‡Ki Am¤£g I AeÁvq| (Pvi) wcÎ-wbf©iZvi eÜb wkw_j wew”Qbœ n‡q hvIqv‡Z mg¯— Rxeb n‡q‡Q we ^v` I A_©nxb| (cvuP) ggv©wš—K AvNvZ G‡m‡Q ^vgxi wb‡ðóZv I A¶gZvq| 3| mgvwß: ˆngš—xi †e`bvweayi wbg©g cwiYwZi ga¨ w`‡q mgvR Rxe‡b †hŠZzK cÖ_vi wbg©g †e`bv`vqK

w`KwUB Avgv‡ì gg©g~j ¯úk© K‡i|

mgv‡jvPbvg~jK Av‡jvKm¤úvZ

PwiÎ wPÎ‡Yi gZ g~j¨vqbag© †jLvi mg‡q †Kej Kvwnbx m¤úvZ bv KivB fv‡jv| eis Kvwnbxm~Î h_vm¤¢e

g~j¨vqbg~jK gš—e¨−mg„× nIqv DwPZ| K_vUv ¯úó n‡e Kvwnbx ¯úv‡Zi m‡½ wb‡Pi mgv‡jvPbvg~jK gš—

‡eï Zzjbv j¶¨ Ki‡j :

Kvwnbx m¤úvZ : Ôˆngš—xÕ M‡íi bvwqKv ˆngš—x|

mgv‡jvPbvg~jK gš—e¨ : Ôˆngš—xÕ MíwUi DcRxe¨ welq Ô†hŠZz‡KiÕ ewj wn‡m‡e bvwqKv ‰ngš—xi welv`Nb

Ki“Y cwiYwZ|



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evsjv msKjb 32

Kvwnbx m¯úvZ : ˆngi cªwZ Acyi fvjevmvi NvUwZ wQj bv| g~j¨vqbagx© : ˆngi cÖwZ Acyi fv‡jvevmvi NvUwZ bv _vK‡jI Acyi“ K¬xeZ¡ I A¶gZv Awbevh©fv‡e

ˆngš—x‡K ggv©wš—K cwiYwZi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡q‡Q|

Gfv‡e hZUv m¤¢e †Zvgvi †jLv g~j¨vqbagx© n‡j fv‡jv| GB Av‡jv‡K Gevi ˆngš—xi Pwi‡Îi f~wgKv Ask

wjL‡Z †Póv K‡i| Zzwg nq‡Zv Gfv‡e ïi“ Ki‡Z cvi :

ˆngš—x iex› ªbv‡_i GKwU AmvaviY †QvUMí| Gi †P‡q m¤¢eZ GUv fv‡jv, hw` Zzwg †jL:

iex› ªbv‡_i AmvaviY †QvUMí Ôˆngš—x'i cÖwZcv`¨ welq cYcÖ_vi gvivZ¥K Kzdj| AviI fv‡jv Kivi Rb¨ ïi“Uv Gfv‡eI Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

iex› ªbv‡_i AmvaviY †QvUMí Ôˆngš—x'†Z cYcÖ_vi gvivZ¥K Kzdj dz‡V D‡V‡Q ^v_©vÜ msmv‡ii wbg©g wbôyiZvq M‡íi bvwqKv ˆngš—xi KiyY cwiYwZ‡Z| wKsev Zv GiKgI n‡Z cv‡i : iex› ªbv‡_i AmvaviY †QvUMí Ôˆngš—xÕ†Z cYcÖ_vi gvivZ¥K Kzd‡ji w`KUv dz‡U D‡V‡Q ˆngš—x Pwi‡Îi †e`bvNb cwiYwZi gva¨‡g, †hLv‡b ^v_©vÜ msmv‡ii wbg©g wbôyiZvi hvuZvK‡j ˆngš—xi ^ívqy ea~-Rxe‡bi cwiYwZ AkÖywe› yi g‡Zv RgvU †eu‡a‡Q| wb‡Ri †jLv wb‡RB Gfv‡e AviI DbœZ Ki‡Z cv‡iv †Zvgiv| Z‡e Gi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Z nq| mgq w`‡Z nq|

fvlv Abykxjb wb‡ ©kK evK¨

wb‡`©kK ev‡K¨ †Kv‡bv Z_¨, msev` ev NUbvi eY©bv ev wee„wZ wb‡`©wkZ nq| G ai‡bi evK¨ y‡Uv fv‡M

wef³|

K) m`_©K ev Aw¯—evPK : G‡Z †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©k, NUbvi msNUb ev nIqvi msev` _v‡K| †hgb:

wek¦Kv‡c kªxj¼v wR‡Z‡Q|

AvR †`vKvbcvU eÜ _vK‡e|

L) †bwZevPK ev bT_©K : G ai‡bi ev‡K¨ †Kv‡bv wKQz nq bv ev NU‡Q bv−wb‡la, AvKv•Lv,

A ^xK…wZ BZ¨vw` msev` wKsev fve cÖKvk Kiv hvq| †hgb:

AvR †Uªb Pj‡e bv|

Avcwb Avgvi m‡½ K_v ej‡eb bv| ev‡K¨i i~cvš—i

evK¨ i~cvš—‡ii †¶‡Î †gŠwjK A_© AcwiewZ©Z ivL‡Z nq| cÖ‡qvR‡b k‡ãi wKQzUv cwieZ©b, bZzb kã

†hvM wKsev kã AR©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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evsjv msKjb 33

Aw¯—evPK evK¨‡K †bwZevPK

Aw — : weevn m¤‡Ü Avgvi gZ hvPvB Kiv Abvek¨K wQj: †bwZ : weevn m¤‡Ü Avgvi gZ hvPvB Kiv Avek¨B wQj bv| Aw — : cwÄKvi cvZv DëvB‡Z _vwKj| †bwZ : cwÄKvi cvZv Dëv‡bv eÜ iwnj bv| Aw — : k¦ï‡ii I Zvnvi gwb‡ei Dci ivM nBj| †bwZ : k¦ky‡ii I Zvi gwb‡ei Dci ivM bv nBqv cvwijvg bv| †bwZevPK evK¨‡K Aw¯—evPK †bwZ : †`‡ki cÖPwjZ ag©K‡g© Zvunvi Av ’v wQj bv| Aw — : †`‡ki cÖPwjZ ag©K‡g© Zvunvi Abv ’v wQj| †bwZ : Avgvi cÖYvg jvBevi Rb¨ meyi Kwi‡jb bv| Aw — : Avgvi cÖYvg jBevi c~‡e©B cÖ ’vb Kwi‡jb| †bwZ : wKš‘ ied Mwjj bv| Aw — : wKš‘ eid AMwjZ iwnj|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. Ôˆngš—xÕ M‡í Acyi Rxe‡b KZ eQi eqmwU A¶q n‡qwQj? K. †lvj L. m‡Zi M. AvVvi N. Dwbk 2. ˆngš—xi †lvj eQi eqmwU wQj- i. mg‡qi †lvj ii. cÖK…wZi †lvj iii. wbq‡gi †lvj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi msjvc¸‡jv co Ges 3 I 4 b¤i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| Av‡jv : evev, Avgvi wdi‡Z mÜ¨v n‡e| Lvevi nUc‡U †i‡L †Mjvg, mgqgZ †L‡q wbI| AvdZve : wVK Av‡Q| wPwbi †KŠ‡UvUv †Kv_vq †i gv? Av‡jv : IUv Avwg mwi‡q †i‡LwQ| wPwb †c‡j Zzwg mvivw`b wZb Kvc Pv‡q Q-PvgP wPwb Lv‡e| AvdZve : †`wLm †Zvi jyK‡bv wPwbi †KŠUvi g‡Zv bv AvwgI Rxeb †_‡K jyKvwqZ nB! nv nv nv! 3. †MŠixksKi I ˆngš—xi K‡_vcK_‡bi m‡½ msjvc¸‡jvi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q- i. fv‡e ii. mvwnZ¨ ai‡Y iii. fvlv ˆkjx‡Z



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evsjv msKjb 34

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. Ô ˆngš—xÕ M‡íi wcZv-cyÎxi †Kvb welqwU msjvç‡jvi g~jfv‡ei m‡½ AwaK mvgÄm¨c~Y©? K. m¤ú‡K©i MfxiZv L. D`vi g‡bvfve M. wPš—vi ¯vaxbZv N. evKcUzZv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| i‡gb evey GKgvÎ Kb¨v `xcvi we‡q‡Z k¦ïi evwoi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z `kfwi ^Y©vjsKvi I j¶ UvKv

w`‡q‡Qb| `xcv wk¶KZv K‡ib; KweZv cvV I Zvi Av‡jvPbvq Zuvi Aemi Kv‡U| msmv‡ii Kv‡RI †m cvi`kx©| mrcv‡Î Kb¨v`vb n‡q‡Q †f‡e i‡gb evey g„Zzï Av‡M Zuvi welq m¤úwË mgvR †mevg~jK cÖwZôv‡b `vb K‡ib|

K. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi KZ mv‡j †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cvb? L. ÔAvBeoÕ †g‡q ej‡Z ˆngš—x M‡í Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. ˆngš—x Pwi‡Îi †Kvb êwkó¨ `xcvi g‡a¨ j¶ Kiv hvq? eywS‡q `vI| N. †MŠixk¼i evey I i‡gb eveyi Pwi‡Îi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2| NUbv-1

ÔMv‡qMZ‡i GKUz evo‡jB n¹‡ji P¶z UvUvq, ¯‹z‡j hvB‡Z cv‡i bv| †Lj‡Z cv‡i bv| gvZeŸi Kq-wK, gvBqv‡i weqv wèv bv? N‡i ivLb `vq ZLb| gvBqviv hZ eo nBe UvKv ZZ †ewk jvMe| GZ UvKv KB cvgy KbÕ- mvdzj− v MÖv‡gi nvwRi evwoi D‡Vv‡b uvwo‡q ejwQ‡jb cÂv‡kva© `yjy wgqv|

NUbv-2 nvUvB‡ji Avovwjqv MÖv‡gi cvifx‡bi we‡q nq nvwd‡Ri m‡½| GK eQi Av‡M we‡qi K_v cvKvcvwKi mg‡q wba©vwiZ UvKv nv‡Z cvIqvi yB wZb w`b ci Kv‡Ri K_v e‡j Ni Qv‡o nvwdR| cvifxb‡K ev‡ci evwo cvwV‡q †Ìqv nq| eZ©gv‡b Zvi K_v I AvPi‡Y AmsMwZ †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|

K. ˆngš—xi cÖK…Z f³ †K wQj? L. Ôcvk KwieB Ges fv‡jv KwiqvB cvk KwieÕ- Acyi GB cY Kivi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡Ki NUbv-1 G Ô ˆngš—xÕ M‡í dz‡U IVv welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki NUbv ywU cwiewZ©Z mg‡qi c‡U Ô ˆngš—xÕ †QvU M‡í dz‡U IVv mgvR wP‡Îi cÖKvk‡f` gvÎ Ñ G e³‡eï †cÖw¶‡Z †Zvgvi gZvgZ Dc ’vcb Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 35

mvwn‡Z¨ †Ljv cÖg_ †PŠayix

†jLK cwiwPwZ evsjv mvwn‡Zï PwjZ M`ïxwZi cÖeZ©K cÖg_ †PŠayix wQ‡jb cwikxwjZ evM‰e`»gq igïPbvq wm×n —| Zvui eû iPbv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q ÔexiejÕ QÙbv‡g| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ fvlvixwZi cÖ_g gyLcÎ ÔmeyRcÎÕ (cÖ_g cÖKvk: 1914) cwÎKvwU wQj ZvuiB m¤úvw`Z Ges iex› ªbv_mn mgKvjxb weL¨vZ gbbkxj †jLK‡ì A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb GB cwÎKvi †jLK| Zvi M`¨‰kjxi wb`k©b i‡q‡Q ÔPvi Bqvix K_vÕ Ôexie‡ji nvjLvZvÕ Ôivq‡Zi K_vÕ, Ô†Zj -byb-jKwoÕ BZ¨vw` MÖ‡š’| Zvui MíMÖš’ ‡jv I Ôm‡bU cÂvkrÕ Kve¨MÖš’ h_vµ‡g MíKvi I m‡bUKvi wn‡m‡eI evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Zvu‡K wewkó Avmb w`‡q‡Q| cÖg_ †PŠayixi ˆcwÎK wbevm cvebv †Rjvi nwicyi MÖv‡g| wZwb 1868 wLªóv‡ã h‡kv‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui g„Zz 1964 wLªóv‡ã| RMr-weL¨vZ divwm fv¯‹i †iv‡ù¨v, whwb wbZvš— Ro cÖ —‡ii †`n †_‡K AmsL¨ RxweZcÖvq †è`vbe †K‡U evi K‡i‡Qb wZwbI ïb‡Z cvB, hLb ZLb nv‡Z Kv`v wb‡q, AvOy‡ji wU‡c gvwUi cyZzj ZÕ†qi K‡i _v‡Kb| GB cyZzj Mov n‡”Q Zuvi †Ljv| ïay †i‡ u v †Kb, c„w_exi wkíx gv‡ÎB GB wk‡íi †Ljv †L‡j _v‡Kb| whwb Mo‡Z Rv‡bb, wZwb wkeI Mo‡Z cv‡ib, euvìI Mo‡Z cv‡ib| Avgv‡ì m‡½ eoeo wkíx‡ì ZdvZ GBUzKz †h Zuv‡ì nv‡Z GK Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avi nq bv| m¤¢eZ GB Kvi‡Y Kjviv‡Rï gnvcyi“l‡ì hv-Lywk ZvB Kievi †h AwaKvi Av‡Q, BZi wkíx‡ì †m AwaKvi †bB| ^M© n‡Z †èZviv g‡a¨ g‡a¨ f~Z‡j AeZxY© nIqv‡Z †KD AvcwË K‡ib bv, wKš‘ gZ©evmx‡ì c‡¶ imvZ‡j Mgb KivUv we‡kl wb›`bxq| A_P GK_v A¯xKvi Kievi †Rv †bB †h, hLb G RM‡Z `kUv w`K Av‡Q ZLb †mB me w`‡KB MZvqvZ Kievi cÖe„wËwU gvby‡li c‡¶ ^vfvweK| gb ¯fveZB †hLv‡b Av‡Q ZviB Pvicv‡k Ny‡i †eov‡Z Pvq, Do‡ZI Pvq bv Wye‡ZI Pvq bv| wKš‘ mvaviY †jv‡K mvaviY †jvK‡K wK ag©, wK bxwZ, wK Kve¨, mKj iv‡R¨B Anin Wvbvq fi w`‡q _vK‡ZB civgk© †`q| GKUz DuPz‡Z bv Po‡j Avgiv `k©K Ges †kªvZ…gÊjxi bqb gb AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cvwi †b| †e`x‡Z bv em‡j Avgv‡ì Dc‡`k †KD gv‡b bv, i½g‡Â bv Po‡j Avgv‡ì Awfbq †KD †`‡L bv, Avi Kvôg‡Â bv ùvov‡j Avgv‡ì e³…Zv †KD †kv‡b bv| myZivs Rbmvavi‡Yi †Pv‡Li m¤§y‡L _vKevi †jv‡f AvgivI AMZ¨v PweŸk NÈv U‡O P‡o _vK‡Z PvB, wKš‘ cvwi †b| A‡b‡Ki c‡¶ wb‡R‡ì Avq‡Ëi ewnf©~Z D”P ’v‡b IVevi †PóvUvB gnvcZ‡bi KviY nq| Gme K_v ejevi A_© GB †h, KóKi n‡jI Avgv‡ì c‡¶ Aek¨ gnvRb‡ì c_ AbymiY KivB KZ©e¨| wKš‘ WvB‡b-euv‡q †QvULvU MwjLuywR‡Z †Ljv”Q‡j cÖ‡ek Kievi †h AwaKvi Zv‡ì Av‡Q, †m AwaKvi Avgiv †Kb ewÂZ ne| Mvb Ki‡Z †M‡jB †h myi Zvivq Pwo‡q ivL‡Z n‡e, KweZv wjL‡Z n‡jB †h g‡bi ïay Mfxi I cÖLi fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e, Ggb †Kv‡bv wbqg _vKv DwPZ bq| wkíiv‡R¨ †Ljv K‡ievi cÖe„wË b¨vq AwaKviI eo-†QvU mK‡ji mgvb Av‡Q| GgbwK, GK_v ej‡jI AZy w³ nq bv †h, G c„w_ex‡Z GKgvÎ †Ljvi gq`v‡b eªvþYk~‡ ªi cÖ‡f` †bB| ivRvi †Q‡ji m‡½ `wi‡`ªi †Q‡jiI †Ljvq †hvM †èvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| Avgiv hw` GKevi mvnm K‡i †KejgvÎ †Ljv Kievi Rb¨ mvwnZ¨RM‡Z cÖ‡ek Kwi, Zvn‡j wbwe©ev‡` †m RM‡Zi ivR-ivRovi `‡j wg‡k hve| †Kv‡bviƒc D”P Avkv wb‡q †m †¶‡Î Dcw¯’Z n‡jB wbgœ‡kªYx‡Z c‡o †h‡Z n‡e|



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evsjv msKjb 36

†jL‡KivI Aek¨ `‡ki Kv‡Q nvZZvwji cÖZ¨vkv iv‡Lb, evnev bv †c‡j gbt¶zYœ nb| †Kbbv ZuvivBy n‡”Qb h_v_© mvgvwRK Rxe, evèvwK mK‡j †KejgvÎ cvwievwiK| wek¦gvb‡ei g‡bi m‡½ wbZ¨ b~Zb m¤Ü cvZv‡bvB n‡”Q Kweg‡bi wbZ¨‰bwgwËK Kg©| GgbwK, Kwei Avcb g‡bi †Mvcb K_vwUI MxwZKweZv‡Z i½f~wgi ¯M‡Zvw³ ¯îƒ‡cB D”PvwiZ nq, hv‡Z K‡i †mB gg©K_v nvRvi †jv‡Ki Kv‡bi wfZi w`‡q gi‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ D”Pg‡Â Av‡ivnY K‡i D”Pt¯‡i D”PevK¨ bv Ki‡j Rbmvavi‡Yi bqb-gb AvKl©Y Kiv hvq bv Ggb †Kv‡bv K_v †bB| mvwnZ¨RM‡Z huv‡ì †Ljv Kievi cÖe„wË Av‡Q, mvnR Av‡Q, ¶gZv Av‡Q, gvby‡li bqb−gb AvKl©Y Kievi my‡hvM we‡kl K‡i Zuv‡ì Kcv‡jB N‡U| gvbyl †h †Ljv †`L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m Zvi cwiPq †Zv Avgiv GB eo mgv‡RI wbZ¨ cvB| UvDbn‡j e³…Zv ïb‡ZB ev K Rb hvq Avi M‡oi gv‡V dzUej †Ljv †`L‡ZB ev K Rb hvq| A_P G K_vq mZ¨ †h, UvDbn‡ji e³…Zvi D‡Ïk¨ AwZ gnr, Avi M‡oi gv‡Vi †L‡jvqvo‡ì Qz‡UvQzwU, †`Šov‡`Šwo AvMv‡Mvov A_©k~b¨ Ges D‡Ïk¨nxb| Avmj K_v GB †h, gvby‡li †`ng‡bi mKj cÖKvi wµqvi g‡a¨ µxov †kªô, †Kbbv Zv D‡Ïk¨nxb| gvby‡l hLb †Ljv K‡i, ZLb †m GK Avb›` e¨ZxZ Aci †Kv‡bv d‡ji AvKv•¶v iv‡L bv| †h †Ljvi Avb›` wbi_©K A_©MZ bq, †m Kvi‡Y Zv KviI wbR¯ n‡Z cv‡i bv| G Avb‡›` mK‡jiB AwaKvi mgvb| myZivs mvwn‡Z¨ †Ljv Kievi AwaKvi †h Avgv‡ì Av‡Q, ïay ZvB bq, ^v_© Ges civ_© G y‡qi hyMcr mva‡bi Rb¨ g‡bvRM‡Z †Ljv KivB n‡”Q Avgv‡ì c‡¶ me©cÖavb KZ©e¨| †h †jLK mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î d‡ji Pvl Ki‡Z eªZx nb, whwb †K‡bviƒc Kvh©−D×v‡ii AwfcÖv‡q †jLbx aviY K‡ib, wZwb Mx‡Zi gg©I †ev‡Sb bv, MxZvi ag©I †ev‡Sb bv| †Kbbv †Ljv n‡”Q RxeRM‡Z GKgvÎ wb®‹vg Kg©, AZGe †gv¶jv‡fi GKgvÎ Dcvq| ¯^qs fMevb e‡j‡Qb, hw`P Zuvi †Kv‡bvB Afve †bB Zey wZwb GB wek¦ m„Rb K‡i‡Qb, A_©vr m„wó Zuvi jxjvgvÎ| Kwei m„wóI GB wek¦ m„wói Abyiƒc, †m m„R‡bi g~‡j †Kv‡bv Afve ~i Kievi AwfcÖvq †bB−†m m„wói g~j Aš—ivZ¥vi ù~wZ© Ges Zvi dj Avb›`| GK K_vq mvwnZ¨ m„wó RxevZ¥vi jxjvgvÎ Ges †m jxjv wek¦jxjvi Aš—f©~Z; †Kbbv RxevZ¥v cigvZ¥vi A½ Ges Ask| mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ mKj‡K Avb›` †Ìqv, KviI g‡bviÄb Kiv bq| G y‡qi wfZi †h AvKvk-cvZvj cÖ‡f` Av‡Q, †mBwU fy‡j †M‡jB †jL‡Kiv wb‡R †Ljv bv K‡i c‡ii Rb¨ †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z e‡mb| mgv‡Ri g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z †M‡j mvwnZ¨ †h ¯ag©Pz Z n‡q c‡o, Zvi cÖgvY evsjv‡`‡k AvR yj©f bq| Kv‡eï SzgSzwg, weÁv‡bi PzwlKvwV, `k©‡bi †ejyb, ivRbxwZi ivOvjvwV, BwZnv‡mi b¨vKovi cyZzj, bxwZi wU‡bi †fucy Ges a‡g©i RqXvK−GBme wRwb‡m mvwn‡Zï evRvi †Q‡q †M‡Q| mvwnZïv‡R¨ †Ljbv †c‡q cvV‡Ki gbZzwó n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Av M‡o †jL‡Ki gbZzwó n‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY cvVK mgvR †h †Ljbv AvR Avì K‡i, Kvj †mwU‡K †f‡O †d‡j| †m cÖvP¨B †nvK Avi cvðvZ¨B †nvK, KvkxiB †nvK Avi Rvg©vwbiB †nvK yw`b a‡i Zv KviI g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avwg Rvwb †h, cvVK mgvR‡K Avb›` w`‡Z †M‡j Zuviv cÖvqkB †e`bv †eva K‡i _v‡Kb| wKš‘ G‡Z fq cvevi wKQzB †bB; †Kbbv Kve¨RM‡Z hvi bvg Avb›`, ZviB bvg †e`bv|

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evsjv msKjb 37

Aci c‡¶ G hyM cvVK n‡”Q RbmvaviY, myZivs Zv‡ì g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì AwZ m¯—v †Ljbv Mo‡Z n‡e, bB‡j Zv evRv‡i KvU‡e bv| Ges m —v Kivi A_© †L‡jv Kiv| êk¨ †jL‡Ki c‡¶B k~ ª cvV‡Ki g‡bviÄb Kiv msMZ| AeGe mvwn‡Z¨ Avi hvB Ki-bv †Kb cvVK mgv‡Ri g‡bviÄb Kievi †Póv †Kv‡iv bv| Z‡e wK mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ †jvK‡K wk¶v †Ìqv? Aek¨ bq| †Kbbv Kwei gwZMwZ wk¶‡Ki gwZMwZi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| ¯‹zj bv eÜ n‡j †h †Ljvi mgq Av‡m bv, G †Zv mK‡jiB Rvbv K_v| wKš‘ mvwnZ¨ iPbv †h AvZ¥vi jxjv, G K_v wk¶‡Kiv ¯xKvi Ki‡Z cÖ ‘Z bb| myZivs wk¶v I mvwn‡Zï ag©Kg© †h GK bq, G mZ¨wU GKUz ¯úó K‡i †`wL‡q †Ìqv Avek¨K| cÖ_gZ wk¶v R‡”Q †mB e¯‘ hv †jv‡K wbZvš— Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I MjvatKiY Ki‡Z eva¨ nq, Aci c‡¶ Kveïm †jv‡K ïay † ^”Qvq bq, mvb‡›` cvb K‡i; †Kbbv kv¯¿g‡Z †m im Ag„Z| wØZxqZ wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvby‡li gb‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv, mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ gvby‡li gb‡K RvMv‡bv; Kve¨ †h msev`cÎ bq, GK_v mK‡jB Rv‡bb| Z…ZxqZ Ac‡ii g‡bi Afve c~Y© Kievi D‡Ï‡k¨B wk¶‡Ki n‡ — wk¶v Rb¥jvf Ki‡Q, wKš‘ Kwei wb‡Ri g‡bi cwic~Y©Zv n‡ZB mvwn‡Zï DrcwË| mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ †h Avb›``vb Kiv, wk¶v`vb Kiv bq−GKwU D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Zvi AKvU¨ cÖgvY †Ìqv †h‡Z cv‡i| evj¥xwK Avw`‡Z gywb−Fwl‡ì Rb¨ ivgvqY iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb, RbM‡Yi Rb¨ bq| GK_v ejv evûj¨ †h, eo eo gywb-Fwl‡ì wKwÂr wk¶v †Ìqv Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj bv| wKš‘ ivgvqY kªeY K‡i gnwl©ivI †h KZ ~i Avb‡›` AvZ¥nviv n‡qwQ‡jb Zvi cÖgvY Zuviv Kzkxje‡K Zuv‡ì h_vme©¯, GgbwK †KŠcxb ch©š— †cjv w`‡qwQ‡jb| ivgvqY Kve¨ wn‡m‡e †h Agi Ges RbmvaviY AvRI †h Zvi kªe‡Y-cV‡b Avb›` Dc‡fvM K‡i Zvi GKgvÎ KviY, Avb‡›ì ag©B GB †h Zv msµvgK| Aci c‡¶ jv‡L GKRbI †h †hvMewkô ivgvq‡Yi Qvqv gvovb bv Zvi KviY, †m e¯‘ †jvK‡K wk¶v †èvi D‡Ïk¨ iwPZ n‡qwQj, Avb›` †èvi Rb¨ bq| Avmj K_v GB †h, mvwnZ¨ Kw¯§bKv‡jI ¯‹zjgv÷vwii fvi †bq wb| G‡Z `ytL Kievi †K‡bv KviY †bB| `yt‡Li welq GB †h, ¯‹zjgv÷v‡iiv GKv‡j mvwn‡Zï fvi wb‡q‡Qb| Kveïm bvgK Ag„‡Z †h Avgv‡ì Ai“wP R‡b¥‡Q, Zvi Rb¨ `vqx G hy‡Mi ¯‹zj Ges Zvi gv÷vi| Kve¨ coevi I †evSevi wRwbm, wKš‘ ¯‹zjgv÷v‡ii KvR n‡”Q eB cov‡bv I †evSv‡bv| †jLK Ges cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ GLb ¯‹zjgv÷vi `Êvqgvb| GB ga¨ ’‡ì K…cvq Avgv‡ì m‡½ Kwei g‡bi wgjb `~‡i _vK, Pvi P¶zi wgjbI N‡U bv| ¯‹zjN‡i Avgiv Kv‡eï iƒc †`L‡Z cvB wb, ïay Zvi ¸Y ïwb| UxKv−fv‡lï cÖmv‡` Avgiv Kve¨ m¤‡Ü mKj wbM~p ZË¡ Rvwb, wKš‘ †m †h Kx e¯‘ Zv wPwb‡b| Avgv‡ì wk¶K‡ì cÖmv‡` Avgv‡ì G Ávb jvf n‡q‡Q †h, cv_y‡i Kqjv nxivi meY© bv n‡jI m‡MvÎ: Aci c‡¶ nxiK I KvP hgR n‡jI m‡nvì bq| Gi G‡Ki Rb¥ c„w_exi M‡f©, AciwUi gvby‡li nv‡Z; Ges G Df‡qi wfZi G `v−Kzgovi m¤Ü e¨ZxZ Aci †Kv‡bv m¤Ü †bB| A_P GZ Ávb m‡Ë¡I Avgiv mvwn‡Z¨ KvP‡K nxiv Ges nxiv‡K KvP e‡j wbZ¨ fyj Kwi, Ges nxiv I Kqjv‡K GK‡kªYxfy³ Ki‡Z wZjgvÎ wØav Kwi‡b, †Kbbv Iiƒc Kiv †h msMZ Zvi êÁvwbK cÖgvY Avgv‡ì gyL ’ Av‡Q| mvwnZ¨ wk¶vi fvi †bq bv, †Kbbv g‡bvRM‡Z wk¶‡Ki KvR n‡”Q cÖ_‡g Zv ea Kiv, Zvic‡i Zvi ke‡”Q` Kiv, Ges H Dcv‡q Zvi ZË¡ Avwe®‹vi Kiv I cÖPvi Kiv| GB me Kvi‡Y wbf©‡q ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, KviI g‡bviÄb KivI mvwn‡Zï KvR bq| KvD‡K wk¶v †ÌqvI bq| mvwnZ¨ †Q‡ji nv‡Zi †LjbvI bq, ¸i“i nv‡Zi †eZI bq|



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evsjv msKjb 38

wePv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GB gvÎB cÖgvY Kiv hvq| Z‡e e¯‘ †h Kx, Zv Ávb Abyf~wZmv‡c¶, ZK©mv‡c¶ bq| mvwn‡Zï gvbevZ¥v †Ljv K‡i Ges †mB †Ljvi Avb›` Dc‡fvM K‡i| G K_vi A_© hw` ¯úó bv nq Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv my xN© e¨vL¨vi Øviv Zv ¯úk©óZi Kiv Avgvi Amva¨| GB me K_v ï‡b Avgvi R‰bK wk¶vf³ eÜz GB wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb †h, mvwnZ¨ †Ljv”Q‡j wk¶v †`q| kãv_© I UxKv

†iv u v − d«u v‡mvqv A¸ — †iv u v (1840-1917) wek¦weL¨vZ divwm fv¯‹i| Zuvi †kªô KxwZ©i g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q−Ôbi‡Ki `yqviÕ I ÔevNvm© Ae K¨v‡j| Ab¨vb¨ Awebk¦i KxwZ©−ÔwPš—vwe`Õ, ÔAv`gÕ ÔBfÕ,| wZwb wf±i û‡Mv, evjRvK, evb©vW© k cªgyL weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨‡Ki cÖwZK…wZ wbgv©Y K‡ib|

wke − gnv‡è, g½jKvix †èZv| BZi − bxP, Aag| GLv‡b bMY¨ A‡_© eën„Z| KjvivR¨ − wkíKjvi cwigÊj| AeZxY© − AeZvi wn‡m‡e gvby‡li g~wZ©‡Z †b‡g‡Q Ggb ev †b‡g Avmv| gZ©evmx − gvwUi c„w_exi Awaevmx| imvZj − cyiv‡Y ewY©Z lô cvZvj, AatcvZ aŸsm| MZvqvZ − hvZvqvZ| cÖe„wË − Awfi“wP, B”Qv, †SuvK, Avmw³| AMZ¨v − Ab¨ Dcvq bv _vKvq, wbiycvq ev eva¨ n‡q, Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I| myi Zvivq Pwo‡q ivL‡Z n‡e − myi D”P mß‡K a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| MxwZKweZv − AvZ¥fvecÖavb KweZv we‡kl, wjwiK, Lyric| i½f~wg − Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv‡ì RvqMv| Awfbq cÖ k©‡bi ’vb| ^M‡Zvw³ − Avcb g‡b wb‡R wb‡R K_v ejv, A‡bï D‡Ï‡k¨ ejv nqwb Ggb Dw³|

¯v_© − wb‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ wmw×| civ_© − A‡bï wnZ, c‡ivcKvi| wb®‹vg Kg© − djjv‡fi Kvgbv Kiv nqwb Ggb KvR| †gv¶jvf − feeÜb †_‡K gyw³ jvf, AvZ¥vi gyw³ AR©b| RxevZ¥v − cÖvYxi †`‡n Ae ’vbKvix AvZ¥v| cigvZ¥v − cig eªþ, Ck¦i, m„wóKZv©| g‡bviÄb − g‡bi m‡š—vl mvab| âg©Pz Z − wbR¯^ êwkó¨ †_‡K wePz¨Z|

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evsjv msKjb 39

†L‡jv Kiv − ¸i“Z¡nxb ev Amvi Kiv| êk¨ − cÖvPxb Avh©mgv‡Ri PZze©‡Y©i Z…Zxq —i−hviv K…wlKvR ev eëmv-evwYR¨ KiZ| k~ ª − cÖvPxb Avh©mgv‡R PZze©‡Y©i wbgœZg †kªYx ev eY©, Abvh©| gwZMwZ − B”Qv I cÖeYZv| evj¥xwK − ÔivgvqYÕ cÖ‡YZv weL¨vZ Fwl I Kwe| cÖvPxb fviZxq mvwn‡Zï Avw` Kwe

wn‡m‡e m¤§vwbZ| †hŠe‡b Gui bvg wQj iZœvKi Ges †ckv wQj `my¨Zv| RbkÖ“wZ Abymv‡i wZwb eªþvi Dc‡`‡k `my e„wË †Q‡o Zcm¨vgMœ nb Ges bvi‡ì Dc‡`‡k ivgvqY iPbv K‡ib|

Kzkxje − bU, Awf‡bZv| h_vme© ^ − mg — wKQz| †KŠcxb − j¨vOU| †cjv − cuvPvjx KxZ©b BZ¨vwì Avm‡i MvqK−MvwqKv‡K †Ìqv †kªvZv‡ì cvwi‡ZvwlK| †hvMewkô ivgvqY− ivgP‡› ªi cÖwZ ewjô gywbi Dc‡`k msewjZ ms¯‹…Z ivgvqY| G‡Z †hvM I

AvZ¥vÁvb m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ welq DcvL¨vbmn Dc‡`kvKv‡i Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Kw¯§bKv‡jI − †Kv‡bv mg‡qB, KLbI| UxKvfvl¨ − gš—e¨mn e¨vL¨v I gš—e¨| wbM~p − y‡Á©q, Mfxi I cÖ”Qbœ| ZË¡ − †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© Ávb ev we`¨v, gZev`, Theory| meY© − mg is wewkó| m‡MvÎ − GKB †MvÎfy³| ke‡”Q` − ke‡`n †K‡U cix¶v Kiv, gov KvUv| Abyf~wZmv‡c¶ − Abyf~wZi mvnv‡h¨ Dcjwä Ki‡Z nq Ggb| ZK©mv‡c¶ − Z‡K©i gva¨‡g wePvi we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq Ggb| Drm I cwiwPwZ cÖg_ †PŠayixi Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖeÜwU me©cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq ÔmeyRcÎÕ cwÎKvi kªveY 1322 e½vã (1915 wLªóvã msL¨vq| c‡i Zv Zuvi ÔcÖeÜmsMÖnÕ (1952) msKwjZ nq| GB cÖe‡Ü mvwnZ¨PPv©i Av`k© I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© †jL‡Ki gZvgZ I „wófw½i my úó cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z, mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, mKj‡K Avb›` `vb Kiv, KviI g‡bviÄb Kiv bq| mgv‡Ri g‡bviÄb Ki‡Z †M‡j mvwnZ¨ n‡q co‡e ¯ag©Pz Z| Ab¨w`‡K mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ wk¶v `vb KivI bq| KviY cvV¨welq gvbyl c‡o Awb”Qvq Ges eva¨ n‡q| c¶vš—‡i mvwn‡Zï imv¯v`b K‡i gvbyl †¯^”Qvq I Avb‡›`| Zv Qvov wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ Áv‡bi welq Rvbv‡bv; c¶vš—‡i mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ gvby‡li g‡b mvov RvMv‡bv|



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evsjv msKjb 40

†jL‡Ki g‡Z, mvwn‡Zï m‡½ Zzjbv P‡j †Ljvayjvi| †Ljvayjvq †hgb wbQK Avb›`B cÖavb, mvwn‡ZÏ ZvB| †Ljvayjvq †hgb Avb›` Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ †bB, mvwn‡Zï D‡ÏkÏ †Zgwb-GKgvÎ Avb›` `vb Kiv|

cÖev`, cÖePb I evMaviv imvZ‡j Mgb - Aatcv‡Z hvIqv| Wvbvq fi w`‡q _vKv - k~b¨‡jv‡K fvmv| Dcwi cvIqv - evowZ Avq DcvR©b| AvKvk-cvZvj cÖ‡f` - we¯—i cv_©K¨| evRv‡i KvUv - wewµ nIqv| gwZMwZ - fveMwZK, g‡bi fve| `v-Kzgov m¤^Ü - wb`viyY kÎyZvi m¤úK©, êix m¤úK©|

Abykxjbg~jK KvR fvlv‰kjx cÖg_ †PŠayixi M`¨‰kjx evsjv M‡`ï cÖ_g hy‡M mvayixwZB cÖPwjZ wQj| Avgiv †h GLb M‡`¨ PwjZ ixwZi eënvi KiwQ Zvi cÖ_g cÖe³v, mg_©K I Av‡›`vjbKvix wQ‡jb cÖg_ †PŠayix| Zuvi Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖfv‡e, c‡i iex› ªbv‡_i g‡Zv †jLKI PwjZ M`ïxwZ‡Z wjL‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv M‡`¨ cÖg_ †PŠayix wbR¯ Avjv`v ÷vBj ˆZwi K‡i †M‡Qb| A‡bK RwUj I ¸i“M¤¢xi welq wZwb Ggb gRwjwm X‡O Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb †h, Zv‡Z welqe ‘ ¸i“Z¡ nvjKv nqwb A_P Zv n‡q‡Q `xwßgq I AvKl©Yxq| Zuvi iPbvq j¶Yxq êwkó¨ n‡”Q Zv‡Z gbbkxjZvi m‡½ i‡q‡Q hyw³Z‡K©i aviv‡jv cÖKvk| Avi e³‡eï Zx¶èZvi m‡½ hy³Z‡K©i aviv‡jv cÖKvk| Avi e³‡eï Zx¶èZvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q e¨‡½i SuvR| fv‡jvfv‡e j¶¨ Ki‡j cÖ_g †PŠayixi M`¨‰kjx ev ÷vB‡ji wKQz êwkó¨ †Zvgv‡ì †Pv‡L co‡e| †hgb|: 1. K_¨ evMfw½ cÖ‡qvM : ÔGK Ki‡Z Avi nq bvÕ, Ôhv Lywk ZvB KieviÕ, ÔU‡O P‡o _vK‡Z PvBÕ, Ômyi Zvivq Pwo‡qÕ, Ôevnev

bv †c‡jÕ, ÔAvi hvB Ki bv †KbÕ, Ô`v-Kzgov m¤^ÜÕ BZ¨vw`| 2. cÖev` RvZxq evK¨ eënvi : K) whwb Mo‡Z Rv‡bb, wZwb wkeI Mo‡Z cv‡ib, euvìI Mo‡Z cv‡ib| L) Kv‡bi wfZi w`‡q gi‡g cÖ‡ek| 3. myfvwlZ Dw³ ˆZwi: K) mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ mKj‡K Avb›` †Ìqv, KviI g‡bviÄb Kiv bq| L) wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q gvby‡li gb‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv, mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ gvby‡li gb‡K RvMv‡bv| M) mvwnZ¨ †Q‡ji nv‡Zi †LjbvI bq, ¸i“i nv‡Zi †eZI bq| 4. AbycÖvmgwÊZ K‡i Zi½vwqZ I aŸwbgq fvlv m„wó : 1. wZwb Mx‡Zi gg©I †ev‡Sb bv, MxZvi ag©I †ev‡Sb bv|

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evsjv msKjb 41

2. cv_y‡i Kqjv nxivi meY© bv n‡jI m‡MvÎ| 3. †jL‡Kiv wb‡R †Ljv bv K‡i c‡ii Rb¨ †Ljbv ˆZwi K‡i e‡mb| 5. ev‡Kï ywU As‡k wecix‡Zi mwbœ‡ek: 1. gb DuPz‡ZI DV‡Z Pvq, wbPz‡ZI bvg‡Z Pvq| 2. Kwei KvR n‡”Q Kve¨ m„wó Kiv, Avi wk¶‡Ki KvR n‡”Q cÖ_‡g Zv ea Kiv| 3. ZvivB n‡”Qb h_v_© mvgvwRK Rxe, evèvwK mK‡j †KejgvÎ cvwievwiK| 4. cvVK mgvR †h †Ljbv AvR Avì K‡i, Kvj †mwU‡K †f‡½ †d‡j| 5. Kve¨ RM‡Z hvi bvg Avb›`, ZviB bvg †e`bv|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. Ôciv_©Õ k‡ãi A_© †KvbwU? K. cvwi‡ZvwlK L. g‡bvRMr M. c‡ivcKvi N. g‡bviÄb 2. †jL‡Ki g‡Z mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? K. mgv‡Ri g‡bviÄb Kiv L. A‡bï g‡bi Afve c~Y© Kiv M. gvby‡li gb‡K RvMv‡bv N. gb‡K we‡k¦i Lei Rvbv‡bv 3. mvwnZ¨ Ô¯âg©Pz¨ZÕ nq ZLb, hLb mvwnZ¨ PP©v nq- K. djjv‡fi AvKvO¶v k~b¨ L. Rbmvavi‡Yi mš‘wói Rb¨ M. Rbmvavi‡Yi g½‡ji Rb¨ N. wkíxwP‡Ëi m¤ú~Y©Zvi j‡¶¨ wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 4. Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖe‡Ü Aby‡”Q`wUi ÔÁv‡bi K_vÕi mgv_©K fve nj- i. Lei cÖ`vb ii. cvV‡Ki gbZzwó iii. gyL ’we`¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 5. Ômvwn‡Z¨ †LjvÕ cÖeÜwU Abymv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU Aby‡”Q‡ì g~jfv‡ei m‡½ AwaK m½wZc~Y©? K. g‡bi k~b¨Zv c~Y© KivB mvwn‡Zï j¶¨ L. Kj¨vY mvab Kiv mvwn‡Zï cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ M. cÖksmv AR©‡bi Rb¨ mvwn‡Zï m„wó N. g‡bi m‡½ m¤úK© iPbv mvwn‡Zï êwkó¨

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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evsjv msKjb 42

gva¨‡g iwmK cvV‡Ki ü`‡q Zv mÂvwiZ nq| im MÖn‡Y Amg_© †jvKB mvwn‡Z¨ †mŠ›`h© Avb›`vbyf~wZi cwie‡Z© AvZ¥wnZ I mš‘wó †Luv‡R| mvwn‡Z¨ wbwg©Z †mŠ›`h©-Abyf~wZ hw` †jvKwnZ mvab K‡i, Zv‡Z mvwn‡Zï Kzjj¶Y bó nq bv| ïay †jvKwnZv‡_© I mš‘wói Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv mvwnZ¨‡K KzjZ¨vMx K‡i, mvwnwZ¨K wk¶‡K iƒcvš—wiZ nb|Õ

K. ÔivgvqYÕ †K iPbv K‡i‡Qb? L. ÔAwZ m —v †LjbvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Ômvwn‡Zï ¯ag©Py¨ZÕ nIqvi welqwU Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q‡` Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q eywS‡q `vI| N. Ôwk¶v I mvwn‡Zï D‡Ïk¨ †h wfbœagx©Õ- e³e¨wU Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q` KZLvwb cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Zzwg

g‡b Ki- DË‡ii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 2| gvby‡li GKwU Avkv-AvKvO¶v n‡”Q wb‡Ri Abyf~wZ, Dcjw× A‡bï Kv‡Q cÖKvk Kiv| Rqbyj Av‡e`x‡bi

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K. †iv` uvi GKwU †kªô fv¯‹‡h©i bvg D‡j −L Ki| L. gvby‡li †`ng‡bi mKj wµqvi g‡a¨ µxov †kªô †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z ÔeªvþYk~‡ ªiÕ mgvbvwaKvi Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q‡ì †Kvb e³‡e¨ cÖZxqgvb nq? Av‡jvPbv Ki| N. Dc‡ii Aby‡”Q‡ì Ôj¶ ü`‡qi g‡a¨ †eu‡P _vKvi AvKvO¶vÕ- cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z Ôwek¦gvb‡ei m‡½ m¤^Ü

cvZv‡bviB bvgvš—iÕ- †Zvgvi gZvgZ Dc ’vcb Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 43

wejvmx kirP› ªª P‡Ævcva¨vq

†jLK cwiwPwZ

evsjv mvwn‡Zï me‡P‡q RbwcÖq Jcb¨vwmK kirP‡› ªi †Q‡j‡ejv Kv‡U `vwi‡ ª i g‡a¨| D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi †ewk wZwb †jLvcov Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| PweŸk eQi eq‡m g‡bi †Suv‡K mb¨vmx n‡q M„nZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb| msMxZÁ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZi m~‡Î NUbvP‡µ GK Rwg`v‡ii eÜz n‡qwQ‡jb| RxweKvi ZvwM‡` †`k †Q‡o wM‡qwQ‡jb eg©v gyj −y‡K| kirP› ª Zuvi Rxe‡bi bvbv AwfÁZv I wewPÎ me gvby‡li PwiÎ dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb Zuvi ARmª Dcb¨v‡m| we‡kl K‡i mgv‡Ri bxPz Zjvi gvbyl Zuvi m„ó Pwi‡Îi Ac~e© gvbe-gwngv wb‡q wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| kirP‡› ªi cÖ_g gyw ªZ iPbv Kzš—jxb cyi¯‹vicÖvß Ôgw›ìÕ bv‡g GKwU Mí| Zuvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: Ô†è`vmÕ, Ôcj−xmgvRÕ, ÔPwiÎnxbÕ, ÔkªxKvš—Õ, Ô†`bvcvIbvÕ BZ¨vw`| Gme Dcb¨v‡m evOvwj bvixi cÖwZK…wZ A¼‡b wZwb Amvgvb¨ `¶Zv †`wL‡q‡Qb| Zuvi eû Dcb¨vm fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ fvlvq Ab~w`Z I Pjw”PÎvwqZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi K‡qKwU Dcb¨vm we‡`wk fvlvqI Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi mvwnZ¨K‡g©i ¯xK…wZ wn‡m‡e XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq 1936 mv‡j Zuv‡K m¤§vbm~PK wW. wjU. wWwMÖ cÖ`vb K‡i| kirP‡› ªi Rb¥ 1876 wLª÷v‡ã cwðg e‡½i ûMwj †Rjvi †èvb›`cyi MÖv‡g| Zuvi g„Zz KjKvZvq 1938 wLª÷v‡ã| cvKv yB †µvk c_ nuvwUqv ¯‹z‡j we`¨v AR©b Kwi‡Z hvB| Avwg GKv bB−`k ev‡ivRb| hvnv‡ìB evUx

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nq-Pvi †µvk gv‡b AvU gvBj bq, †Xi †ewk−el©vi w`‡b gv_vi Dci †g‡Ni Rj cv‡qi wb‡P GK nuvUz

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jyKvB‡eb, fvweqv cvb bv|

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Pvi †µvk nuvUv we`¨vi †ZR AvZ¥cÖKvk Kwi‡eB Kwi‡e| †Kn †Kn e‡jb ïwbqvwQ, Av”Qv, huv‡ì ¶zavi

R¡vjv, Zuv‡ì K_v bv nq bvB awijvg wKš‘ huv‡ì †m R¡vjv bvB, †Zgb me f ª‡jvKB ev Kx my‡L MÖvg

Qvwoqv cjvqb K‡ib? Zuviv evm Kwi‡Z _vwK‡j †Zv cj−xi GZ `y`©kv nq bv|



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evsjv msKjb 44

g¨v‡jwiqv K_vUv bv nq bvB cvwojvg| †m _vK, H Pvi †µvk nuvUvi R¡vjvq KZ f ª‡jv‡KB †h †Q‡j-cy‡j jBqv MÖvg Qvwoqv kn‡i cvjvb Zvnvi msL¨v bvB| Zvic‡i GKw`b †Q‡j−cy‡ji covI †kl nq e‡U, ZLb wKš‘ kn‡ii myL-myweavi i“wP jBqv Avi Zv‡ì MÖv‡g wdwiqv Avmv P‡j bv| wKš‘ _vK G-mKj ev‡R K_v| ¯‹z‡j hvB- `y †µv‡ki g‡a¨ Ggb AviI †Zv `y wZbLvbv MÖvg cvi nB‡Z nq| Kvi evMv‡b Avg cvwK‡Z ïi“ Kwiqv‡Q, †Kvb e‡b euBwQ dj Ach©vß dwjqv‡Q, Kvi Mv‡Qi KuvVvj GB cvwKj ewjqv, Kvi gZ©gvb i¤¢vi Kuvw` KvwUqv jBevi A‡c¶v gvÎ, Kvi Kvbv‡P †Sv‡ci g‡a¨ Avbvi‡mi Mv‡q is awiqv‡Q, Kvi cyKzicv‡oi †LRyi‡gwZ KvwUqv LvB‡j aiv cwoevi m¤¢vebv Aí, GB me Lei jB‡ZB mgq hvq, wKš‘ Avm‡j hv we`¨v-Kvg¯‹vUKvi ivRavbxi bvg Kx Ges mvB‡ewiqvi Lwbi g‡a¨ iƒcv †g‡j, bv †mvbv †g‡j-G mKj ìKvwi Z_¨ AeMZ nBevi dzimZB †g‡j bv| Kv‡RB GKRvwg‡bi mgq G‡Wb Kx wRÁvmv Kwi‡j ewj cviwkqvi e›ì, Avi ûgvq~‡bi ev‡ci bvg Rvwb‡Z Pvwn‡j wjwLqv w`qv Avwm †ZvMjK Luv Ges AvR Pwj −‡ki †KvVv cvi nBqvI †`wL, I mKj wel‡qi aviYv cÖvq GKigKB Av‡Q-Zvic‡i cÖ‡gvk‡bi w`b gyL fvi Kwiqv evwo wdwiqv Avwmqv KL‡bv ev `j †eu‡a gZje Kwi, gv÷vi‡K V¨vOv‡bv DwPZ, KL‡bv ev wVK Kwi, Agb wekªx ¯‹zj Qvwoqv †ÌqvB KZ©e¨| Avgv‡ì MÖv‡gi GKwU †Q‡ji m‡½ gv‡S gv‡SB ¯‹z‡ji c‡_ †`Lv nBZ| Zvnvi bvg wQj g„Zz Äq| Avgv‡ì †P‡q †m eq‡m A‡bK eo| _vW© K¬v‡m cwoZ| K‡e †m †h cÖ_g _vW© K¬v‡m DwVqvwQj, G Lei Avgiv †KnB RvwbZvg bv-m¤¢eZ Zvnv cÖZœZvwË¡‡Ki M‡elYvi welq-Avgiv wKš‘ Zvnvi H _vW© K¬vmUvB wPiw`b †`wLqv AvwmqvwQ| Zvnvi †dv_© K¬v‡m covi BwZnvm KL‡bv ïwb bvB, †m‡KÛ K¬v‡m DwVevi LeiI KL‡bv cvB bvB| gyZz Á‡qi evc-gv, fvB-†evb †KnB wQj bv, wQj ïay MÖv‡gi GK cÖv‡š— GKUv cÖKvÊ Avg-KuvVv‡ji evMvb, Avi Zvi g‡a¨ GKUv cÖKvÊ †cvovevwo, Avi wQj GK ÁvwZ Lyov| Lyovi KvR wQj fvB‡cvi bvbvwea yb©vg iUbv Kiv-†m MuvRv Lvq, †m ¸wj Lvq, Ggwb AviI KZ wK! Zuvi Avi GKUv KvR wQj ewjqv †eov‡bv, H evMv‡bi A‡a©KUv Zuvi wb‡Ri Ask, bvwjk Kwiqv `Lj Kivi A‡c¶v gvÎ| Aek¨ `Lj GKw`b wZwb cvBqvwQ‡jb e‡U, wKš‘ †m †Rjv-Av`vj‡Z bvwjk Kwiqv bq-Dc‡ii Av`vj‡Zi ûKz‡g| wKš‘ †m K_v c‡i nB‡e| g„Zz¨Äq wb‡R iuvwaqv LvBZ Ges Av‡gi w`‡b H Avg-evMvbUv Rgv w`qvB Zvnvi mviv erm‡ii LvIqv-civ PwjZ Gesc fv‡jv KwiqvB PwjZ| †hw`b †`Lv nBqv‡Q, †mw`bB †`wLqvwQ †Quov-‡Luvov gwjb eB¸wj eM‡j Kwiqv c‡_i GK avi w`qv bxi‡e Pwjqv‡Q| Zvnv‡K KL‡bv KviI mwnZ hvwPqv Avjvc Kwi‡Z †`wL bvB-eiÂ DchvPK nBqv K_v KwnZvg AvgivB| Zvnvi cÖavb KviY wQj GB †h, †`vKv‡bi Lvevi wKwbqv LvIqvB‡Z MÖv‡gi g‡a¨ Zvnvi †Rvov wQj bv| Avi ïay †Q‡jivB bq| KZ †Q‡ji evc KZevi †h †Mvc‡b †Q‡j‡K w`qv Zvnvi Kv‡Q ¯‹z‡ji gvwnbv nvivBqv †M‡Q, eB Pzwi †M‡Q BZ¨vw` ewjqv UvKv Av`vq Kwiqv jBZ, Zvnv ewj‡Z cvwi bv| wKš‘ FY ^xKvi Kiv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, †Q‡j Zvnvi mwnZ GKUv K_v Kwnqv‡Q, G K_vI †Kv‡bv evc f ª mgv‡R Keyj Kwi‡Z PvwnZ bv- MÖv‡gi g‡a¨ g„Zz Ä‡qi wQj Ggwb mybvg|

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evsjv msKjb 45

A‡bK w`b g„Zz¨Ä‡qi †`Lv bvB| GKw`b †kvbv †Mj †m gi-gi| Avi GKw`b †kvbv †Mj, gv‡jvcvovi GK ey‡ov gv‡jv Zvnvi wPwKrmv Kwiqv Ges Zvnvi †g‡q wejvmx †mev Kwiqv gZ…y Äq‡K h‡gi gyL nB‡Z G hvÎv wdivBqv Avwbqv‡Q| A‡bK w`b Zvnvi wgóv‡bœi mØ¨q KwiqvwQ- gbUv †Kgb Kwi‡Z jvwMj, GKw`b mÜ¨vq AÜKv‡i jyKvBqv Zvnv‡K †`wL‡Z †Mjvg| Zvnvi †cvovevwo‡Z cÖvPx‡ii evjvB bvB| ¯^”Q‡›` wfZ‡i XywKqv †`wL, N‡ii ìRv †Lvjv, †ek D¾¡j GKwU cÖ xc R¡wj‡Z‡Q, Avi wVK mygy‡LB Z³‡cv‡li Dci cwi®‹vi aea‡e weQvbvq g„Zz¨Äq ïBqv Av‡Q, Zvnvi K¼vjmvi †`‡ni cÖwZ Pvwn‡jB eySv hvq, ev¯—weK hgivR †Póvi Î“wU wKQz K‡ib bvB, Z‡e †h †kl ch©š— myweav Kwiqv DwV‡Z cv‡ib bvB, †m †Kej H †g‡qwUi †Rv‡i| †m wkq‡i ewmqv cvLvi evZvm Kwi‡ZwQj, AK¯§vr gvbyl †`wLqv PgwKqv DwVqv uvovBj| GB †mB eyov mvcy‡oi †g‡q wejvmx| Zvnvi eqm AvVv‡iv wK AvVvk Vvni Kwi‡Z cvwijvg bv| wKš‘ gy‡Li cÖwZ PvwnevgvÎB †Ui cvBjvg, eqm hvB †nvK, LvwUqv LvwUqv Avi ivZ RvwMqv Bnvi kix‡i Avi wKQz bvB| wVK †hb dzj`vwb‡Z Rj w`qv wfRvBqv ivLv evwm dz‡ji g‡Zv| nvZ w`qv GZUzKz ¯úk© Kwi‡j, GZUzKz bvovPvov Kwi‡Z †M‡jB Swoqv cwo‡e| g„Zz Äq Avgv‡K wPwb‡Z cvwiqv ewjj, Ò†K, b¨vov?Ó ewjjvg, Òûu|Ó g„Zz¨Äq Kwnj, Òe‡mv|Ó †g‡qUv Nvo †nuU Kwiqv uvovBqv iwnj| g„Zz Äq yB-PviwU K_vq hvnv Kwnj, Zvnvi gg© GB †h, cÖvq †ògvm nB‡Z Pwjj †m kh¨vMZ| g‡a¨ `k-c‡bi w`b †m AÁvb A‰PZb¨ Ae ’vq cwoqvwQj, GB K‡qKw`b nBj †m †jvK wPwb‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q Ges hw`P GL‡bv †m weQvbv Qvwoqv DwV‡Z cv‡i bv, wKš‘ Avi fq bvB| fq bvB _vKzK| wKš‘ †Q‡jgvbyl nB‡jI GUv eywSjvg, AvRI hvnvi kh¨vZ¨vM Kwiqv DwVevi ¶gZv nq bvB, †mB †ivMx‡K GB e‡bi g‡a¨ GKvKx †h †g‡qwU euvPvBqv Zzwjevi fvi jBqv‡Qb, †m KZ eo ¸i“fvi| w`‡bi ci w`b, ivwÎi ci ivwÎ KZ Zvnvi †mev, KZ ïkÖ“lv, KZ âh©, KZ ivZRvMv| †m KZ eo mvn‡mi KvR! wKš‘ †h e ‘wU GB Amva¨-mvab Kwiqv ZzwjqvwQj Zvnvi cwiPq hw`P †mw`b cvB bvB, wKš‘ Avi GKw`b cvBqvwQjvg| wdwievi mgq †g‡qwU Avi GKwU cÖ xc jBqv Avgvi Av‡M Av‡M fvOv cÖvPx‡ii †kl ch©š— Avwmj| GZ¶Y ch©š— †m GKwU K_vI K‡n bvB, GBevi Av‡¯— Av‡¯— ewjj, iv¯—v ch©š— †Zvgvq †i‡L Avme wK?

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evsjv msKjb 46

†g‡qgvbyl wRÁvmv K‡i, fq Ki‡e bv †Zv! myZivs g‡b hvB _vK, cÖZz Ë‡i ïay GKUv ÔbvÕ ewjqvB AMÖmi

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†Kgb Kwiqv Zvnvi †m ivZUv KvwUZ|

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evsjv msKjb 47

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evsjv msKjb 48

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evsjv msKjb 49

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evsjv msKjb 50

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evsjv msKjb 51

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wejvmx ewjZ, ÒKi“K †M mevB| Avgv‡ì †Zv Lvevi fvebv †bB, Avgiv †Kb wgQvwgwQ †jvK VKv‡Z

hvB|Ó

Avi GKUv wRwbm Avwg evievi j¶ KwiqvwQ| mvcaivi evqbv Avwm‡jB wejvmx bvbvcÖKvi evav wèvi

†Póv KwiZ−AvR kwbevi, AvR g½jevi, Ggwb KZ wK? g„Zz Äq Dcw ’Z bv _vwK‡j †m †Zv GKev‡iB

fvMvBqv w`Z, wKš‘ Dcw¯’Z _vwK‡j g„Zz¨Äq bM` UvKvi †jvf mvgjvB‡Z cvwiZ bv| Avi Avgvi †Zv

GKiKg †bkvi g‡Zv nBqv uvovBqvwQj| bvbvcÖKv‡i Zvnv‡K D‡ËwRZ Kwi‡Z †Póvi Î“wU KwiZvg bv|

e ‘Z Bnvi g‡a¨ gRv Qvov fq †h †Kv_vq wQj, G Avgv‡ì g‡bB ’vb cvBZ bv| wKš‘ GB mv‡ci `Ê

Avgv‡K GKw`b fv‡jv KwiqvB w`‡Z nBj|

†mw`b †µvk-†`‡oK ~‡i GK †Mvqvjvi evwo‡Z mvc awi‡Z wMqvwQ| wejvmx eiveiB m‡½ hvBZ, AvRI

m‡½ wQj| †g‡U N‡ii †g‡S LvwbKUv Luywo‡ZB GKUv M‡Z©i wP ý cvIqv †Mj| Avgiv †KnB j¶ Kwi bvB,

wKš‘ wejvmx mvcy‡oi †g‡q-†m †nuU nBqv K‡qK UzKiv KvMR Zzwjqv jBqv Avgv‡K ewjj, ÒVvKzi, GKUz

mveav‡b Luy‡ov| mvc GKUv bq GK‡Rvov †Zv Av‡Q e‡UB nq‡Zv ev †ewk _vwK‡Z cv‡i|Ó

g„Zz¨Äq ewjj, ÒGiv †h e‡j GKUvB G‡m Xy‡K‡Q| GKUvB †`L‡Z cvIqv †M‡Q|

wejvmx KvMR †`LvBqv Kwnj, Ò†`LQ bv evmv K‡iwQj?Ó

g„Zz Äq Kwnj, ÒKvMR †Zv Bu y‡iI Avb‡Z cv‡i|Ó

wejvmx Kwnj, Ò y-B n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ y‡Uv Av‡Q Avwg ejwQ|Ó

ev¯—weK wejvmxi K_vB dwjj Ges gg©vwš—Kfv‡eB †mw`b dwjj| wgwbU-`‡k‡Ki g‡a¨ GKUv cÖKvÊ Lwik

†MvLiv awiqv †dwjqv g„Zz¨Äq Avgvi nv‡Z w`j| wKš‘ †mUv‡K Suvwci g‡a¨ cywiqv wdwi‡Z bv wdwi‡ZB

g„Zz¨Äq ÔDtÕ Kwiqv wbk¦vm †dwjqv evwn‡i Avwmqv ùvovBj| Zvnvi nv‡Zi Dj&Uv wcV w`‡q SiSi Kwiqv

i³ cwo‡ZwQj|



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evsjv msKjb 52

cÖ_gUv †hb mevB nZeyw× nBqv †Mjvg| KviY mvc awi‡Z †M‡j †m cvjvevi Rb¨ e¨vKzj bv nBqv eiÂ

MZ© nB‡Z GKnvZ gyL evwni Kwiqv `k©b K‡i, Ggb Afvebxq e¨vcvi Rxe‡b GB GKwUevi †`wLqvwQ|

ci¶‡YB wejvmx wPrKvi Kwiqv QzwUqv wMqv AvuPj w`qv Zvnvi nvZUv euvwaqv †dwjj Ges hZ iK‡gi

wkKo-evKo †m m‡½ AvwbqvwQj mg —B Zvnv‡K wPevB‡Z w`j| g„Zz Ä‡qi wb‡Ri gv ywj †Zv wQjB, Zvnvi

Dc‡iI Avgvi gv ywjUvI Lywjqv Zvnvi nv‡Z euvwaqv w`jvg| Avkv, wel Bnvi D‡aŸ© Avi DwV‡e bv, eis

†mB Òwelnwii AvÄvÕ gš¿Uv m‡Z‡R evisevi Ave„wË Kwi‡Z jvwMjvg| PZzw ©‡K wfo Rwgqv †Mj Ges

AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ †hLv‡b hZ ¸Yx e¨w³ Av‡Qb mKj‡K Lei wèvi Rb¨ w`‡K w`‡K †jvK QzwUj| wejvmxi

evc‡K msev` wèvi Rb¨ †jvK †Mj|

Avgvi gš¿ covi Avi weivg bvB, wKš‘ wVK myweav nB‡Z‡Q ewjqv g‡b nBj bv| Z_vwc Ave„wË mgfv‡eB

Pwj‡Z jvwMj| wKš‘ wgwbU c‡bi Kzwo c‡iB hLb g„Zz¨Äq GKevi ewg Kwiqv w`j, ZLb wejvmx gvwUi

Dc‡i GKev‡i AvQvo LvBqv cwoj| AvwgI eywSjvg, welnwii †`vnvB eywS ev Avi Lv‡U bv|

wbKUeZ©x AviI `yB-PvwiRb I¯—v` Avwmqv cwo‡jb Ges Avgiv KLbI ev GKm‡½ KLbI Avjv`v †ZwÎk

†KvwU †è‡èxi †`vnvB cwo‡Z jvwMjvg| wKš‘ wel †`vnvB gvwbj bv, †ivMxi Ae ’v µ‡gB g›` nB‡Z

jvwMj| hLb †`Lv †Mj fv‡jv K_vq nB‡e bv, ZLb wZb-PviRb ISv wgwjqv wel‡K Ggwb AK_¨ Akªve¨

MvwjMvjvR Kwi‡Z jvwMj †h, we‡li Kvb _vwK‡j †m g„Zz Äq †Zv g„Zz Äq, †mw`b †`k Qvwoqv cvjvBZ|

wKš‘ wKQz‡ZB wKQz nBj bv| AviI Ava NÈv aŸ —vaŸw —i c‡i †ivMx Zvnvi evc gv‡qi †Ìqv g„Zz Äq

bvg, Zvnvi k¦ï‡oi †Ìqv g‡š¿Šlwa mg — wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ Kwiqv Bn‡jv‡Ki jxjv mv½ Kwij| wejvmx

Zvnvi ¯^vgxi gv_vUv †Kv‡j Kwiqv ewmqvwQj, †m †hb G‡Kev‡i cv_i nBqv †Mj|

hvK, Zvnvi `yt‡Li KvwnbxwU Avi evovBe bv| †Kej GBUzKz ewjqv †kl Kwie †h, †m mvZ w`‡bi †ewk

euvwPqv _vKvUv mwn‡Z cvwij bv| Avgv‡K ïay GKw`b ewjqvwQj, VvKzi Avgvi gv_vi w`we¨ iBj, Gme

Zzwg Avi KLbI †Kv‡iv bv|

Avgvi gv ywj-KeP †Zv g„Zz Ä‡qi m‡½ Ke‡i wMqvwQj, wQj ïay welnwii AvÁv| wKš‘ †m AvÁv †h

g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui AvÁv b‡n Ges mv‡ci wel †h evOvwji welq bq, Zvnv AvwgI eywSqvwQjvg|

GKw`b wMqv ïwbjvg, N‡i †Zv Avi we‡li Afve wQj bv, wejvmx AvZ¥nZ¨v Kwiqv gwiqv‡Q Ges kv ¿g‡Z

†m wbðq bi‡K wMqv‡Q| wKš‘ †hLv‡bB hvK, Avgvi wb‡Ri hLb hvBevi mgq Avwm‡e, ZLb IBiƒc

†Kv‡bv GKUv bi‡K hvIqvi cÖ —v‡e wcQvBqv uvovBebv, GBgvÎ ewj‡Z cvwi|

Lyov gkvB †lvj Avbv evMvb `Lj Kwiqv AZ¨š— we‡Ái g‡Zv Pvwiw`‡K ewjqv †eovB‡Z jvwM‡jb, Ii hw`

bv AcNvZ-g„Zz¨ n‡e, †Zv n‡e Kvi? cyi“l gvbyl Agb GKUv †Q‡o `kUv Ki“K bv, Zv‡Z †Zv †Zgb Av‡m

hvq bvbv nq GKUz wb›`vB nZ| wKš‘ nv‡Z fvZ †L‡q gi‡Z †Mwj †Kb? wb‡R g‡jv, Avgvi ch©š— gv_v

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GKev‡K¨ ewj‡Z jvwMj, Zvnv‡Z Avi †m›`n Kx! Abœcvc| evc †i! Gi wK Avi cÖvqwðË Av‡Q| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 53

wejvmxi AvZ¥nZ¨vi e¨vciUv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q cwinv‡mi welq nBj| Avwg cÖvq fvwe, G Aciva nq‡Zv Bnviv Df‡qB KwiqvwQj, wKš‘ g„Zz Äq †Zv cj −xMÖv‡giB †Q‡j, cvovMuv‡qi †Z‡j-R‡jB †Zv gvbyl| Zey AZ eo ytmvn‡mi Kv‡R cÖe„Ë KwiqvwQj Zvnv‡Z †h e¯‘Uv †mUv †Kn GKevi †PvL †gwjqv †`wL‡Z cvBj bv? Avgvi g‡b nq, †h †`‡ki bibvixi g‡a¨ ci¯ú‡ii ü`q Rq Kwiqv weevn ixwZ bvB, eiÂ Zvnv wb›`vi mvgMÖx, †h †`‡k bibvix Avkv Kwievi †mŠfvM¨, AvKv•¶v Kwievi fq¼i Avb›` nB‡Z wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ ewÂZ, hvnv‡ì R‡qi Me©, civR‡qi e¨_v †Kv‡bvUvB Rxe‡b GwUeviI enb Kwi‡Z nq bv, hvnv‡ì fyj Kwievi `ytL, Avi fyj bv Kwievi AvZ¥cÖmv`, wKQziB evjvB bvB, hvnv‡ì cÖvPxb Ges eû`k©x weÁ mgvR me© cÖKv‡ii nv½vgv nB‡Z AZ¨š— mveav‡b †`‡ki †jvK‡K Zdvr Kwiqv AvRxeb †Kej fv‡jvwU nBqv _vwKevi eë ’v Kwiqv w`qv‡Qb, ZvB weevn e¨vciUv hvnv‡ì ïay wbQK Contract Zv †m hZB †Kbbv êw`K gš¿ w`qv document cvKv Kiv †nvK, †m †`‡ki †jv‡Ki mva¨B bvB g„Zz Ä‡qi Abœcv‡ci KviY †ev‡S| wejvmx‡K huvnviv cwinvm KwiqvwQ‡jb, Zuvnviv mvay M„n¯’ Ges mvaŸx M„wnYx A¶q mZx‡jvK Zuvnviv mevB cvB‡eb, ZvI Avwg Rvwb wKš‘ †mB mvcy‡oi †g‡qwU hLb GKwU cxwoZ kh¨vMZ †jvK‡K wZj wZj Kwiqv Rq Kwi‡ZwQj, Zvnvi ZLbKvi †mB †MŠi‡ei KjvgvÎ nq‡Zv AvwRI Bnv‡ì †Kn †Pv‡L †`‡Lb bvB| g„Zz Äq nq‡Zv wbZvš—B GKUv Zz”Q gvbyl wQj, wKš‘ Zvnvi ü`q Rq Kwiqv `Lj Kivi Avb›ÙvI Zz”Q bq, †m m¤úÌ AwKwÂrKi b‡n| GB e ‘UvB G †`‡ki †jv‡Ki c‡¶ eywSqv DVv KwVb| Avwg f~‡èeveyi cvwievwiK cÖe‡ÜiI †`vl wè bv Ges kv¯¿xq Z_v mvgvwRK wewa-eë ’viI wb›`v Kwie bv| Kwi‡jI gy‡Li DciKov Reve w`qv huvnviv ewj‡eb, GB wn› y mgvR Zvnvi wbf©yj wewaeë ’vi †Rv‡iB AZ kZvãxi AZ¸‡jv wec −‡ei g‡a¨ euvwPqv Av‡Q, Avwg Zuvnv‡ìB AwZkq fw³ Kwi, cÖZz¨Ë‡i Avwg KLbB ewje bv, wUwKqv _vKvB Pig ¯v_©KZv bq, Ges AwZKvq n —x †jvc cvBqv‡Q wKš‘ †Zjv‡cvKv wUwKqv Av‡Q| Avwg ïay GB ewje †h, eo‡jv‡Ki b›`‡cvcvjwUi g‡Zv wèvivwÎ †Pv‡L †Pv‡L Ges †Kv‡j †Kv‡j ivwL‡j †h †m †ekKwU _vwK‡e, Zvnv‡Z †Kv‡bvB †m›`n bvB, wKš‘ G‡Kev‡i †Zjv‡cvKvwUi g‡Zv euvPvBqv ivLvi †P‡q GK-Avaevi †Kvj nB‡Z bvgvBqv AviI cuvPRb gby‡li g‡Zv y-GK cv nuvwU‡Z w`‡jB cÖvqwðË Kivi g‡Zv cvc nq bv| kãv_© I UxKv

gv-mi ^Zx - wn› y cyivY Abymv‡i we`¨v I Kjvi AwaôvÎx †èx, exYvcvwY, evYx| K…Zwe`¨ - we`¨v AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ggb cwÊZ, weØvb| eBwP - KuvUvhy³ GKiKg †QvU MvQ I Zvi dj| i¤¢vi Kuvw` - Kjvi Qov| KvbvP - N‡ii †cQb w`KKvi jvMv‡bv RvqMv|



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evsjv msKjb 54

†LRyi †gwZ - †LRyi Mv‡Qi gv_vi Kv‡Qi big wgwó Ask ev im|

Kvg¯‹vU&Kv - cÖK…Z D”PviY KvgPvU&Kv (Kamchatka) ivwkqvi Aš—M©Z mvB‡ewiqvi

DËi-c~‡e© Aew ’Z GKwU DcØxc| Gi `w¶Y-cwð‡g ILUK mvMi I DËi-

c~‡e© †ewis mvMi| DcØxcwU cve©Z¨, Zz› ªv I ebgq| eû Dò cÖmªeY I

m‡Z‡ivwU Rxeš— Av‡MœqwMwi Av‡Q GLv‡b| cÖPzi m¨vgb gvQ cvIqv hvq e‡j

ØxcwU m¨vgb gv‡Qi †`k bv‡g cwiwPwZ| ivRavbx kni-†cv‡Îvcvf&‡jvf¯‹&|

mvB‡ewiqv - Gwkqvi DË‡i ivwkqvi Aš—fy©³ Gwkqvi DËivÂ‡ji we —xY© f~fvM| Gwkqv

gnv‡`‡ki GK-Z…Zxqvsk AÂj Gi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q| Zz› ªv, mijeMx©q e„‡¶i

AiY¨, † —c Z…Yf~wg I c„w_exi MfxiZg n« Ô‰eKvjÕ GLv‡b Aew ’Z|

c„w_exi `xN©Zg †ijc_ UªvÝ-mvB‡ewiqvb Pvjy nIqvi ci GLv‡b eû kni

M‡o D‡V‡Q|

G‡Wb - †jvwnZmvMi I Avie mvM‡ii cÖ‡ekc‡_ Avie †`‡ki `w¶Y-cwð‡g

Aew¯’Z weL¨vZ e›ì| mvgyw ªK jeY ˆZwii Rb¨ weL¨vZ|

cviwkqv - cvim¨ ev Bivb †`k|

ûgvqyb - gyNj mvgªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv eve‡ii cyÎ Ges wØZxq gyNj mgªvU| wZwb gyNj

mgªvU AvKe‡ii wcZv|

†ZvMjK Luv - fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m †ZvMjK Luv bv‡g †Kv‡bv mgªvU wQ‡jb bv| BwZnv‡m †h

wZbRb weL¨vZ †ZvMjK mgªv‡Ui bvg cvIqv hvq Zuviv n‡jb: wMqvmDwÏb

†ZvMjK, gynv¤§` †ZvMjK I wd‡ivR †ZvMjK|

Pwj−‡ki †KvVv - Pwj −k †_‡K DbcÂvk ch©š— GKwU msL¨v|

_vW© K¬vm - eZ©gvb Aóg †kªYx| †mKv‡j gva¨wgK wk¶vi †kªYx wnmve Kiv nZ Ici

†_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K| `kg †kªYx ZLb wQj dv÷© K¬vm, beg †kªYx wQj

†m‡KÛ K¬vm|

cÖZœZvwË¡K - cyivZË¡we`, cÖvPxb aŸsmve‡kl, gy ªvwjwc BZ¨vw` †_‡K HwZnvwmK Z_¨

wbY©‡qi we`¨vq cwÊZ e¨w³|

†dv_© K¬vm - GLbKvi mßg †kªYx|

†m‡KÛ K¬vm - GLbKvi beg †kªYx|

Mywj - Avwd‡gi ˆZwi GKiKg gv`K hv ewoi g‡Zv ¸wj cvwK‡q eënvi Kiv nq|

Dc‡ii Av`vj‡Zi ûKz‡g- mªóvi wb‡ ©‡k|

Ggwb mybvg - `yb©vg †evSv‡Z we ª“c Kiv n‡q‡Q| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 55

gv‡jv - mv‡ci ISv| AbMÖmi †kªYxwe‡kl| Giv mvc ai‡Z, mv‡ci Kvg‡oi

wPwKrmvq I mv‡ci †Ljv †`Lv‡Z cUz| Gme K‡i Giv RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i

_v‡K|

mØ¨q KwiqvwQ - Ace¨q K‡iwQ †evSv‡Z e¨½fv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q|

K¼vjmvi - Aw ’Pg©mvi Ae ’v †hb cÖvq K¼vj|

hgivR - g„Zz |

†h e ‘wU - †h kw³ A‡_© eëüZ|

DrKwÉZ - DwØMœ, e¨vKzj|

Av”Qbœ - AwffyZ|

wZjva© - wZj cwigvY mg‡qi Aa©, gyn~Z©gvÎ|

cÖK…wZ ’ - ¯vfvweK|

P~ovš— gxgvsmv - †kl wb®úwË|

RbkÖ“wZ - †jvKci¤úivq †kvbv K_v, Rbie, †jvKkÖ“wZ|

mZ¨hyM - wn› y cyiv‡Y ewY©Z Pvi hy‡Mi cÖ_g hyM hLb mgv‡R AmZ¨ Ab¨vq G‡Kev‡iB

wQj bv e‡j aviYv|

imvZ‡j †Mj - Aatcv‡Z ev D”Q‡bœ †Mj|

AKvjKz®§vÊ - Amg‡q d‡j‡Q Ggb Kzg‡ov, AKg©Y¨ e¨w³|

wbKv - we‡q| GLv‡b Zvw”Qj¨m~PK cÖ‡qvM|

Kwj - wn› y cyiv‡Y ewY©Z Pvi hy‡Mi †kl hyM| cyivY g‡Z, G hy‡M Ab¨vq, AmZ¨ I

Aa‡g©i evovevwo NU‡e|

e`b `» bv nq - gyL †hb bv †cv‡o, mybvg †hb bó bv nq|

bxj eY© nBqv †Mj - weeY© n‡q †Mj|

exi `‡c© - exiZ¡ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ ZR©b-MR©b I fvefw½ K‡i|

bvivq‡Yi KZ©„c‡¶iI

P¶zj¾v nB‡e - Kzi“‡¶‡Îi hy‡× GKw`‡K me©fviZxq ivRviv GKc¶ wb‡q hy× K‡iwQ‡jb|

†mLv‡b kªxK…ò wQ‡jb wbi ¿ i_-mviw_| †mLv‡b bvivq‡Yi wbi‡c¶ AvPiY

wQj Kvcyi“lmyjf| †mB bvivq‡Yi c_vej¤xivI Avgv‡ì AvPiY‡K fxi“Zv

ej‡Z jw¾Z n‡e| evK¨vskwU‡Z Avm‡j e¨½ K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q †h-Avgv‡ì

AvPiY GZB ee©i wQj †h Zv Kvcyi“lZvi †P‡qI j¾vRbK wQj|

wejvZ cÖf„wZ †¤−”Q‡`‡k - Bsj¨Ûmn BD‡ivcxq †`kmg~‡n †hLv‡b wn›`ymgv‡Ri AvPvia‡g©i †Kv‡bv

evjvB †bB|



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evsjv msKjb 56

mbvZb wn› y I

Kzms¯‹vi gv‡b bv - GLv‡b wn› y a‡g©i ms¯‹viv”QbœZv‡K Zxeª e¨½ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bv‡g wPiš—b ev

mbvZb n‡jI wn›`yag© †h †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AvPvime© , agx©q †Lvjm-

me© I msKxY©Zv”Qbœ n‡q‡Q Zvi Ô¯iƒc cªKv‡ki R‡b¨B GB e¨½ Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

kªve¨-Akªve¨ - †kvbvi †hvM¨ I A‡hvM¨| GLv‡b k −xj-Ak−xj|

AgvR©bxq - ¶gvi A‡hvM¨|

Kvj Kwij †h H

fvZ LvBqv - wbPy Rv‡Zi †g‡q‡K we‡q Kiv‡K jNy I ¶gvi †hvM¨ Aciva e‡j MY¨ Kiv

n‡q‡Q Avi AgvR©bxq e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q wbPz Rv‡Zi nv‡Z fvZ

LvIqv‡K|

†èx exYvcvwYi e‡i

msKxY©Zv Zvnv‡ì g‡a¨

Avwm‡e Kx Kwiqv - GLv‡b e¨½ K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q-†èx m¯iZxi cÖK…Z gvb¨Zvi Afv‡e Giv

msKxY©Zvme© ^ n‡q c‡o‡Q|

cÖvZt¯§iYxq - cÖvZtKv‡j ¯§iY Kivi †hvM¨| A_©vr AwZ kª‡×q|

†mUv KvkxB e‡U - Kvkx fvi‡Zi DËicÖ‡`‡k Aew ’Z myweL¨vZ I mycÖvPxb Zx_©‡¶Î| †mLv‡b

mvay-mš— cyY¨v_©xi mgv‡ek †hgb nq †Zgwb yðwiÎ †jvKR‡bi AvLovI

†mLv‡b R‡g| gy‡Lvcva¨vq gnvk‡qi weaev cyÎea~‡K †hLvb †_‡K D×vi

K‡i Avbv n‡qwQj Zv Kvkx n‡jI Zv †h Zx_© ’vb wQj bv eis cwZZvjq ev

Abyi~c †Kv‡bv ’vb wQj GLv‡b †mB Bw½ZB Kiv n‡q‡Q|

eviIqvwi - A‡b‡Ki mg‡eZ †Póvq hv Kiv nq, me©Rbxb| ev‡ivqvwi|

m`w¶Yv - cy‡ivwn‡Zi m¤§vbx ev †mjvwg mnKv‡i|

djvnvi - Rj‡hvM, djvi|

ab¨ ab¨ cwoqv

†Mj - mK‡j cÖksmvq cÂgyL n‡q DV‡jb|

gn‡Ëi Kvwnbx - gnvbyfeZvi K_v| e¨½v‡_© bxPZvi Kvwnbx|

G›UªvÝ - cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶v| eZ©gvb gva¨wgK cix¶vi mgZzj¨|

ayPywb - Pvj BZ¨vw` †avqvi Rb¨ eû wQ`ªwewkó euv‡ki Szwo|

Aejxjvµ‡g - Abvqv‡m|

cÂgyL - cuvP gy‡L †h K_v e‡j| gyLi| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 57

cj−xMÖv‡gi cyi“l‡ì

myL¨vwZ‡Z - e¨½ K‡i myL¨vwZ ejv n‡q‡Q| e ‘Z †jLK MÖv‡gi cyi“l‡ì mgv‡jvPbv I

wb›`v K‡i‡Qb|

gš¿wm× - g‡š¿i mvabvq wmw× AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ggb| hvi D”PvwiZ gš¿ Ae¨_©fv‡e

Kvh©Ki|

gbmv - wn› y ag©vbymv‡i mv‡ci †èx|

g‡š¿i ªóv - whwb cÖ_g gš¿ jvf K‡ib| gš¿ m¤ú‡K© mvaviY †jvKwek¦vm GB †h, gš¿

†KD ˆZwi K‡ib bv| Zv †Kv‡bv fvMëvb ˆèe‡j †c‡q _v‡Kb| huvi Kv‡Q

cÖ_g gš¿ Avwef©~Z nq wZwbB gš¿ ªóv|

KvgvL¨v - fvi‡Zi Avmvg iv‡R¨ Aew ’Z cÖvPxb Zx_© ’vb| Zvwš¿K mvaK I DcvmK‡ì

Zš¿gš¿ mvabvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|

Pµ Zzwjqv - dYv Zzwjqv|

Lwik †MvL‡iv - Lye welv³ GK cÖRvwZi †MvL‡iv mvc|

welnwii †`vnvB - gš¿kw³|

evc-gv‡qi †Ìqv

g„Zz¨Äq bvg - g„Zz¨Äq bv‡gi A_© whwb g„Zz¨‡K Rq K‡ib| welLÉ g‡nk¦‡ii Ab¨ bvg

g„Zy Äq| KviY wel i~c g„Zz¨ Zvi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| g„Zz Ä‡qi

evev gv Zv‡ì cy‡Îi bvg g„Zz Äq ivL‡jI †m g„Zz ‡K Rq Ki‡Z cvij bv|

Zvi bvg wg_¨v cÖwZcbœ nj|

k¦ï‡ii †Ìqv g‡š¿Šlwa - g„Zz Äq Zvi k¦ï‡ii KvQ †_‡K A‡gvN g‡š¿Šlwa †c‡qwQj e‡j RbkÖ“wZ

wQj|

g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui AvÁv - †Rjv g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av‡`k ev ûKzg hv cvjb Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK|

g¨vwR‡÷ªU P‡j †M‡jI ûKzg envj _v‡K|

evOvwji wel - evOvwji †µva we‡Øl BZ¨vw` gy‡Li ev‡K¨B mxgve× Ges ¶Y ’vqx| Zv

mv‡ci we‡li g‡Zv Ae¨_©fv‡e Kvh©Ki bq|

AcNvZ g„Zz - A¯vfvweK g„Zz | Acg„Zz |

wcwÊ - kªv× Abyôv‡b g„‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`q Pv‡ji †MvjvKvi †Wjv|

fywR¨ D”QzMy - g„‡Zi AvZ¥vi m`MwZ Kvgbv K‡i eªvþY‡K †h †fvR¨ DrmM© Kiv nq Zv|

AvZ¥cÖmv` - wb‡Ri g‡b Z…wß ev Avb›`jvf|



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evsjv msKjb 58

eû`kx© - Ávbx, A‡bK †`‡L‡Qb Ggb| eû AwfÁZvm¤úbœ| f~‡èevey - f~‡èP› ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1825-1894 wLªt) Dwbk kZ‡Ki evsjvi

beRvMi‡Yi Ab¨Zg cw_K…r| wZwb Awef³ evsjvi wk¶v wefv‡Mi cwiPvjK wQ‡jb| wn› y mgv‡Ri bvbv Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i AvaywbK gvbm MV‡bi j‡¶¨ wZwb A‡bK¸‡jv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| ÔcvwievwiK cÖeÜ ÔmvgvwRK cÖeÜÕ, ÔAvPvi cÖeÜÕ BZ¨vw` G wel‡q Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖš’| gvB‡Kj gaym~ b `‡Ëi mncvVx|

AwZKvq n —x - gnvMR, mammoth| nvwZi GB cÖRvwZ eZ©gvb Kv‡ji nvwZi †P‡q A‡bK eo wQj| GB cÖRvwZi nvwZ cÖvwYRMr †_‡K jyß

n‡q‡Q cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hy‡M| Zv‡ì Aw —‡Z¡i wPý i‡q †M‡Q Zv‡ì K¼v‡j|

evM&aviv, cÖev` I cÖePb jv‡fi A‡¼ k~b¨ - djvdj G‡Kev‡iB jvfRbK bv nIqv| KuvUv †Ìqv - evav m„wó Kiv| eyK dvUv - n„`qwe`viK| imvZ‡j hvIqv - Aacv‡Z hvIqv| AKvjKz®§vÊ - AKg©Y¨, A‡K‡Rv| cwiev‡i AwbóKvix e¨w³| cÂgyL - cÖksmvgyLi nIqv| bv‡Qvoev›`v - D‡Ïk¨ nvwm‡ji Rb¨ gwiqv n‡q wcQz †j‡M _v‡K Ggb †jvK| †`vnvB gvbv - bwRi †`Lv‡bv| cv_i n‡q hvIqv - —× n‡q cov| gv_v †nU Kiv - j¾vq ev webq gv_v bZ Kiv|

Drm I cwiwPwZ

kirP‡›`ªi ÔwejvmxÕ MíwU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq ÔfviZxÕ cwÎKvi 1325 e½v‡ãi (1918 wLªt) êkvL msL¨vq| | ÔwejvmxÕ MíwU Ôb¨vovÕ bv‡gi GK hye‡Ki wb‡Ri Revwb‡Z wee„Z Mí| GB M‡íi b¨vov Pwi‡Î kirP‡› ªi †Q‡j‡ejvi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q| ÔwejvmxÕ M‡í ewY©Z n‡q‡Q yB e¨wZµgkxj gvbe-gvbexi Pwi‡Îi AmvaviY †cÖ‡gi gwngv hv Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q RvwZMZ we‡f‡ì msKxY© mxgv‡K| M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ Kg©wbcyY, eyw×gZx I †meveªZx wejvmx, kirmvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨ D¾¡j bvwqKv‡ì g‡ZvB GKRb| †h †cÖ‡gi R‡b¨ wbwØ©avq †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q †¯”Qvg„Zzï c_ Avi Zuvi †cÖ‡gi gwngvgq Av‡jvq aiv c‡o‡Q Aby viZv I i¶YkxjZv, mgvR Rxe‡bi wbôzi I Aïf †Pnviv|

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evsjv msKjb 59

Abykxjbg~jK KvR

mvwnZ¨‡eva †QvUMí m¤ú‡K© †jLv †h †Kv‡bv †QvUMí m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z n‡j †mwU evievi co‡Z nq| M‡íi cÖ_g cv‡V g~jZ imv ^v`b n‡jI

G‡¶‡Î c‡ii cvV¸‡jv n‡e †ek mZK© I we‡kl D‡Ïk¨g~jK-hv‡Z M‡íi KvVv‡gv, Kvwnbx, K_‡Ki

PwiÎ, welqe¯‘ BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiv hvq|

KvVv‡gv I Kvwnbx MíwU Kxfv‡e MwVZ n‡q‡Q j¶ Ki| M‡í G‡Ki ci GK †hme NUbv N‡U Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i M‡o I‡V M‡íi Kvwnbx ev c−U| wewfbœ Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ msNv‡Zi gva¨‡gB Kvwnbx AMÖmi nq mvaviYZ M‡íi Kvwnbxi GKUv m~Pbv, ga¨vsk I mgvwß _v‡K Ges Ø›`-msNv‡Z Kvwnbxi MwZ mÂvwiZ, DrKÉv cÖLi nq Ges Zvici GKUv P~ovš— gyn~‡Z© Kvwnbx †kl nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv Kvwnbx †kl nq AvKw¯§K wech©q, †Kv‡bv Avb›`Nb NUbvqI Kvwnbx †kl n‡Z cv‡i|

K_K ev eY©bvKvixi Ae¯’vb †jLK †Kvb Ae¯’vb †_‡K Kvwnbx ej‡Qb, †mUv A‡bK mgq Kvwnbx eY©bvq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †jLK me© k©x Ae ’vb †_‡KI Kvwnbx eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡¶‡Î wZwb me¸‡jv PwiÎ I NUbv wbi‡c¶ Ae¯’vb †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib| †hgbwU †`Lv hv‡e K_vmvwnwZ¨K kv‡n` Avjxi ÔGB mgZ‡jÕ M‡í I gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcÙb`xi gvwSÕ Dcb¨vm-As‡k| c¶vš—‡i MíwU DËg cyiy‡l ewY©Z n‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î M‡í Avwg, Avgv‡K BZ¨vw` me©bvg G‡m hvq| G iKg †¶‡Î †jLK wb‡RB Kvwnbxi GKUv Pwi‡Îi f~wgKv †bb| Avgiv †`‡LwQ Ô‰ngš—xÕ M‡í †jLK wb‡q‡Qb M‡íi K_K Acyi f~wgKv| G iKg ÔwejvmxÕ M‡í †jLK Kvwnbx eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ôb¨vovÕi f~wgKv wb‡q| DËg cyi“‡l ewY©Z G iKg †¶‡Î cvVK ZZUzKz †`L‡Z I Rvb‡Z cv‡ib hZUv eY©bvKvix †`Lv‡Z I Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| M‡íi DËg cyi“l eY©bvKixi f~wgKv cÖavbZ ch©‡e¶‡Ki| ZvB mvaviYZ †mwU Kvwnbxi g~j ev cÖavb PwiÎ nq bv| K_K ev eY©bvKvixi Ae ’vbMZ f~wgKv †evSvi Rb¨ †f‡e †`L: Ôˆngš—xÕ MíwU hw` Acyi Revwb‡Z bv n‡q ˆngš—xi Revwb‡Z nq Ges ÔwejvmxÕ MíwU b¨vovi Revwb‡Z bv n‡q hw` wejvmxi Revwb‡Z ewY©Z nZ Z‡e Zv KZUv mv_©K n‡Zv? cÖm½Z ¯§iYxq, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡í eY©bvKvix DËg cyi“l Zvi wbR Rxe‡bi KvwnbxiB weeiY †`q|

cUf~wg ev cvwicvwk¦©KZv M‡íi †¶‡Î cUf~wg we‡ePbvI ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †hgb Ôˆngš—xÕ MíwUi cUf~wg‡Z i‡q‡Q †Kej GKwU cvwievwiK

cwigÊj| c¶vš—‡i ÔwejvmxÕ M‡íi cUf~wg‡Z i‡q‡Q GB kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`KKvi cj−xMÖv‡gi wn› ymgvR|

†QvUM‡íi cUf~wgi ¸i“Z¡ eyS‡Z n‡j Zzwg GKUz fve‡e; NUbv¸‡jv wK Ab¨ †Kv_vI NU‡Z cvi‡Zv? M‡í



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evsjv msKjb 60

ewY©Z ’vwbK I KvwjK cUf~wg MíwU‡Z Kx cÖfve †d‡j‡Q? ’vwbK I KvwjK cUf~wg wK MíwUi Acwinvh©

Ask? bv wK Zv‡K ev` w`‡j M‡íi ¶wZ nq? M‡íi welqe ‘ I Zvrch© †evSvi †¶‡Î ’vwbK I KvwjK

cUf~wg wK G‡Kev‡iB ¸i“Z¡nxb?

PwiÎ Mí cv‡Vi mgq M‡íi PwiÎ †evSvi †¶‡Î Pwi‡Îi msjvc fv‡jvfv‡e †Lqvj Ki‡e| KviY PwiÎ m¤ú‡K©

cÖv_wgK aviYv ˆZwi nq PwiÎ †h ai‡bi K_vevZ©v e‡j Zvi gva¨‡g| Gi c‡i †`L‡Z n‡e, H PwiÎ

m¤ú‡K© M‡íi Ab¨vb¨ PwiÎ Kx e‡j? GQvov †Kvb PwiÎ †Kvb NUbvq †Kvb ai‡bi AvPiY K‡i Zvi

gva¨‡gI PwiÎ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv nq| GQvovI †jLK cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î Pwi‡Îi fvebvwPš—v Ges

AZxZ AvPiY m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`‡q _v‡Kb| PwiÎ †evSvi †¶‡Î ZvI †ek mnvqK nq|

Mí †evSvi R‡b¨ mvaviY wKQz cÖkœ †Kv‡bv Mí m¤ú‡K© †jLvi Rb¨ wKQz AvZ¥wRÁvmvg~jK mvaviY cÖ‡kœi Reve †LuvRv A‡bK †¶‡Î mnvqK

n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-

1. cÖavb PwiÎ †KvbwU? Kvwnbx AMÖmi n‡j H Pwi‡Îi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b j¶ Kiv hvq wK? †m †Kvb

ai‡bi †jvK? Zvi R‡b¨ wK †Zvgvi mnvbyf~wZ Rv‡M? †Kb?

2. M‡íi Kvwnbx Kxfv‡e web¨ — n‡q‡Q?

3. M‡í wK †Kv_vI PgK m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q? †mwU Kx? Av‡M wK †m m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv Avfvm cvIqv hvq?

4. M‡íi KvwjK I ’vwbK cUf~wg Kx? M‡í G¸‡jv KZUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©? Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kv‡j ev mg‡q M‡íi

Kvwnbx‡K wK web¨ — Kiv P‡j?

5. M‡íi K_K ev eY©bvKvix †K? MíwU Dcjwä Kivi †¶‡Î Zvi f~wgKv KZUzKz? MíwU hw` Ab¨

†Kv‡bv Pwi‡Îi Revwb‡Z ejv nq Zv‡Z MíwU wK AviI mg„× n‡Zv bv AviI ¶wZMÖ — n‡e?

6. M‡íi bvgKiY mvgwMÖK wePv‡i KZUv m½wZc~Y© ev mv_©K?

7. GB M‡íi g~j welqe¯‘ Kx?

fvlv Abykxjb †bwZevPK evK¨‡K cÖkœevPK ev‡K¨ i~cvš—i : †bwZevPK evK¨‡K cÖkœevPK ev‡K¨ i~cvš—i Ki‡Z n‡j-

K) wK, Kx BZ¨vw` cÖkœ‡evaK me©bvg ev wµqv we‡klY †hvM Ki‡Z nq|

L) †bwZevPK ev‡Kï ÔbvÕ m~PK c`wU ev` w`‡Z nq| Ges

M) ev‡Kï †k‡l cÖkœwPý emv‡Z nq| †hgb:

†bwZevPK : Zv‡ì MÖv‡g wdwiqv Avmv P‡j bv|

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evsjv msKjb 61

cÖkœevPK : Zv‡ì MÖv‡g wdwiqv Avmv P‡j wK? †bwZevPK : G Lei Avgiv †KnB RvwbZvg bv| cÖkœevPK : G Lie Avgv‡ì †KnB wK RvwbZ? †bwZevPK : gvbylUv mg — ivZ †L‡Z cv‡e bv| cÖkœevPK : gvbylUv mg — ivZ †L‡Z cv‡e wK? cÖkœevPK evK¨‡K Aw¯—evPK ev‡K¨ i~cvš—i :

G†¶‡Î cÖkœevPK evK¨ †_‡K (K) cÖkœevPK Ae¨q (L) cÖkœwPý ev` w`‡Z nq †mB m‡½ (M) ÔcÖkœ KiwQÕ ÔwRÁvmv KiwQÕ, ÔRvb‡Z PvBÕ,Ôg‡b n‡”QÕ, BZ¨vw` wµqvc` cÖ‡qvRb I myweavg‡Zv eënvi Ki‡Z nq| (N) ¯MZ cÖ‡kœ ÔRvwb bvÕ wµqvc` eënvi Kiv P‡j| †hgb- cÖkœevPK : †Zgb me f ª‡jvKB ev Kx my‡L MÖvg Qvwoqv cjvqb K‡ib? Aw —evPK : †Zgb me f ª‡jvKB ev Kx my‡L MÖvg Qvwoqv cjvqb K‡ib Rvwb bv| cÖkœevPK : Kvg¯‹vUKvi ivRavbxi bvg Kx? Aw —evPK : Kvm¯‹vUKvi ivRavbxi bvg Kx Zv Rvb‡Z PvB| cÖkœevPK : GKjv †h‡Z fq Ki‡e bv †Zv? Aw —evPK : GKjv †h‡Z fq Ki‡e wK bv Rvb‡Z PvB| cÖkœevPK evK¨‡K †bwZevPK ev‡K¨ i~cvš—i : G†¶‡Î mvaviYZ cÖkœevPK evK¨ †_‡K (K) cÖkœevPK Ae¨q ev wµqv we‡klY (wK, Kx BZ¨vw`) (L)

cÖkœwPý ev` w`‡Z Ges †bwZevPK kã (bv, bq BZ¨vw`) I ev‡Kï †k‡l (M) uvwo emv‡Z nq †hgb:

cÖkœevPK : cywj‡ki †jvK Rvwb‡e Kx Kwiqv?

†bwZevPK : cywj‡ki †jvK Rvwb‡e bv|

cÖkœevPK : Zvnviv wK cvlvY?

†bwZevPK : Zvnviv cvlvY bq|

cÖkœevPK : G‡Z †`vl Kx?

†bwZevPK : G‡Z †`vl †bB|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÔNb R½‡ji c_, GKUz †`‡L cv †d‡j †h‡qvÕ-Dw³wU Kvi? K. g„Zz Ä‡qi L. wejvmxi M. b¨vovi N. Lyovi 2. b¨vov‡K mvc aivi we`¨v †kLv‡Z wejvmxi AvcwË wQj, KviY KvRwU- i. wejvmxi AcQ‡›ì ii. k³ I fxwZKi iii. cÖZviYvg~jK



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evsjv msKjb 62

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 3. Lyov MÖvgevmx‡K wb‡q wejvmxi Ici nvgjv K‡iwQj †Kb? K. RvZ i¶v Ri“wi n‡q c‡owQ‡j L. wgwËi es‡ki gh©v`v i¶vi Rb¨ M. g„Zz¨Ä‡qi evMv‡bi cÖwZ Zvi †jvf wQ‡jv N. mvcy‡o wejvmx‡K N„Yv Ki‡Zv

Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| Kí`ªs Ri“wi Kv‡R kn‡i G‡m‡Q| mKvj †_‡K †NvivNywi K‡i ¶yavZ© n‡q Lvevi PvB‡j

†nv‡Uj gvwjK ejj, ÔAvwèvmx‡ì Rb¨ `yb¤î evmb Avgvi †nv‡U‡j ivwL bvÕ| 4. Kí`ªs Gi m‡½ ÔwejvmxÕ M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q? K. Lyov L. b¨vov M. wejvmx N. g„Zz¨Äq 5. Kí`ªs Gi cÖwZ †nv‡Uj gvwj‡Ki g‡bvfve ÔwejvmxÕ M‡íi †h cÖm‡½i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© Zv nj- i. A¯ú„k¨Zv ii. AÁZv iii. eªvþYëv` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I ii 6. wejvmx †jvK VKv‡bv AcQ›` KiZ, †Kbbv- i. Zv‡ì N‡i ch©vß Lvevi wQj ii. G †ckvwU wQj fqsKi I SzuwKc~Y© iii. Zvi wQj mrfv‡e euvPvi Zxeª AvKvO¶v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I iii N. ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. †mŠ`vwgbx gv‡jv ^vgxi g„Zz i ci DËivwaKvim~‡Î avbx Rwg, emZevwo, cyKzimn K‡qK

GKi m¤úwËi gvwjK nq| GB m¤úwËi Ici bRi c‡o †mŠ`vwgbxi ÁvwZ †Ìi g‡bviÄ‡bi| †mŠ`vwgbxi m¤úwË `L‡ji Rb¨ †m bvbv †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i| GKevi †mŠ`vwgbx `ywf©‡¶i mgq avb †¶‡Zi cv‡k GKwU gvbewkï Lyu‡R cvq| Amnvq, Amy ’ wkïwU‡K †m Zz‡j G‡b cig h‡Zœ Avcb mš—v‡bi g‡Zv jvjb cvjb K‡i| g‡bviÄb †mŠ`vwgbx‡K mgvRPz¨Z Ki‡Z cÖPvi K‡i †h, bgk~‡`ªi N‡i eªvþY mš—vb cvwjZ n‡”Q| G †h gnvcvc, wn›`y mgv‡Ri RvZ ag© †kl n‡q †Mj|

K. ÔwejvmxÕ M‡íi eY©bvKvix †K? L. g„Zz Ä‡qi ÔRvZwemR©‡biÕ KviY eY©bv Ki| M. †mŠ`vwgbx Pwi‡Îi †Kvb êwkó¨wU wejvmxi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ wg‡j hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ôg‡bviÄb †hb wejvmx M‡íi LyoviB cÖwZ”QweÕ- welqwU g~j¨vqb Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 63

2. myaxi ivq Kzjxb es‡ki †jvK| Zvi evMvb evwo‡Z †Kke bv‡gi GK gvwj KvR K‡i| bxPz es‡ki e‡j wZwb gvwj‡K Zz”QZvw”Q‡j¨i †Pv‡L †`‡Lb| GKw`b wZwb evMvb evwo‡Z Zvi emvi †Pqv‡i gvwj‡K em‡Z †`‡L ivMvwš^Z nb| wZwb Zvr¶YvZ †PqviwU †f‡O †d‡jb Ges Zvi iw¶‡K w`‡q gvwj‡K †e`g cÖnvi Kivb| Gi wKQzw`b ci G evMvb evwo‡Z wZwb nVvr AÁvb n‡q c‡ob| Zuv‡K `ª“Z wPwKrmv‡K‡›`ª wb‡q hvIqvi †Kv‡bv hvbevnb cvIqv †Mj bv| G Ae¯’vq †Kke Aw¯’i n‡q c‡o| †m mgq‡¶cY bv K‡i myaxi iv‡qi AÁvb †`nUv‡K wb‡Ri Kuv‡a Zz‡j wb‡q cÖvYc‡Y QzU‡Z _v‡K| `xN© c_ cvi n‡q Ae‡k‡l wPwKrmv‡K‡› ª †cuŠQvq| wPwKrmv- †mev †c‡q wZwb my ’ n‡q I‡Vb|

K. wejvmxi cvwievwiK c`we Kx? L. †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ PwiZv_© Ki‡Z Lyov g„Zz Ä‡qi wei“‡× Kzrmv iUbv K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. myaxi iv‡qi AvPi‡Y mgv‡Ri †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? ÔwejvmxÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b DËi

`vI| N. †Kk‡ei PvwiwÎK ¸Yvewji Av‡jv‡K ÔwejvmxÕ M‡í K_vwkíx kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq bxPyZjvi

gvbyl¸‡jv‡K †h gvbe-gwngv w`‡q wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb Zv cÖgvY Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 64

Aa©v½x †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb

†jLK cwiwPwZ

evOvwj gymwjg mgv‡R bvix-RvMi‡Yi cw_K…r †eMg †iv‡Kqv Aš—tcyievwmbx Rxeb ïi“ Ki‡jI mvgvwRK

mxgve×Zvi †eovRvj AwZµg K‡i eiYxq n‡q Av‡Qb we`¨vPP©vq, wk¶v-msMVb I mvgvwRK AMÖMwZ

mva‡b| Ae‡ivaevwmbx‡ì Db¥y³ we‡k¦ c`vc©Y Kivi †h Avnevb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb wZwb weivU SzuwK wb‡q, Zv

Avgv‡ì mgvRRxe‡b AvR mv_©KZv jvf K‡i‡Q| gymjgvb †g‡q‡ì wk¶vi Rb¨ ¯‹zj cÖwZôv Zuvi

AmvaviY KxwZ©| mg — cÖwZK‚jZvi wfZ‡i Avcb D`¨g I cÖ‡Póvq †eMg †iv‡Kqv Bs‡iwR I evsjvq †h

`¶Zv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Zv we¯§qKi|

mgvR‡mev eªZ n‡jI †iv‡Kqv Kjg a‡iwQ‡jb mgvR‡K RvMv‡bvi j‡¶¨ Ges Gfv‡eB wZwb wb‡R‡K

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evsjv msKjb 68

e‡U; wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K DËgva©B (Better half) Zuvnvi Askx`vi (Partner)-Gi Re‡b Rxeb wgjvBqv Zb¥qx nBqv hvb bv| ¯^vgx hLb FYRv‡j RwoZ nBqv fvweqv fvweqv gi‡g gwi‡Z‡Qb, ¿x ZLb GKUv bZyb Uzwci (bonnet-Gi) wPš—v Kwi‡Z‡Qb| KviY Zuvnv‡K †Kej g~wZ©gZx KweZv nB‡Z wk¶v †Ìqv nBqv‡Q-ZvB wZwb g‡bvigv KweZv mvwRqv _vwK‡Z Pv‡nb| FY`vqiƒc M`¨ (prosaic) Ae ’v wZwb eywS‡Z A¶g| GLb gymjgvb mgv‡R cÖ‡ek Kiv hvDK; gymjgv‡bi g‡Z Avgiv cyi“‡li ÔA‡a©KÕ, A_©vr yBRb bvix GKRb b‡ii mgZzj¨| A_ev yBwU åvZv I GKwU fwMbx GKÎ nB‡j Avgiv ÔAvovBRbÕ nB| Avcbviv Ôgn¤§`xq AvB‡bÕ †`wL‡Z cvB‡eb †h weavb Av‡Q, ˆcZ…K m¤úwË‡Z Kb¨v cy‡Îi A‡a©K fvM cvB‡e| G wbqgwU wKš‘ cy —‡KB mxgve×| hw` Avcbviv GKUz cwikªg ^xKvi Kwiqv †Kv‡bv abevb gymjgv‡bi m¤úwË wefvM Kiv †`‡Lb, wKsev Rwg`vix cwi`k©b Kwi‡Z hvb, Z‡e †`wL‡eb, Kvh©Z Kb¨vi fv‡M k~b¨ (0) wKsev hrmvgvb¨ cwo‡Z‡Q| Avwg GLb Acvw_©e m¤úwËi K_v ewje| wcZvi †mœn, hZœ BZ¨vw` Acvw_©K m¤úwË| GLv‡bI c¶cvwZZvi gvÎv †ewk| H hZœ, †mœn, wn‰ZwlZvi A‡a©KB Avgiv cvB KB? whwb cy‡Îi mywk¶vi Rb¨ PvwiRb wk¶K wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb Kb¨vi Rb¨ `yBRb wk¶vwqÎx wbhy³ K‡ib wK? †hLv‡b cyÎ wZbUv (we. G. ch©š—) cvm K‡i, †mLv‡b Kb¨v †òUv cvm (G›UªvÝ cvm I Gd.G. †dj) K‡i wK? cyÎ‡ì we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v Kiv hvq bv, evwjKv‡ì we`¨vjq msL¨v cvIqvB hvq bv| †m ¯’‡j åvZv Òkgm-Dj-IjvgvÓ †m ¯’‡j fwMbx ÒbRg&-Dj-IjvgvÓ nBqv‡Qb wK? Zuvnv‡ì Aš—tcyi MM‡b AmsL¨ ÒbgR‡bœmvÓ Òkvg&m‡bœmvÓ †kvfv cvB‡Z‡Qb e‡U| wKš‘ Avgiv mvwnZ¨MY‡b ÒbRg-Dj-IjvgvÓ †`wL‡Z PvB| Avgv‡ì Rb¨ G‡`‡ki wk¶vi e‡›`ve¯— mPivPi GBiƒc-cÖ_‡g Aviexq eY©gvjv, AZtci KziAvb kixd cvV| wKš‘ kã¸wji A_© eySvBqv †Ìqv nq bv, †Kej ¯§iYkw³i mvnv‡h¨ wUqvcvwLi gZ Ave„wË Ki| †Kv‡bv wcZvi wn‰ZlYvi gvÎv e„w× nB‡j, wZwb `ywnZv‡K Ònv‡dRvÓ Kwi‡Z †Póv K‡ib| mgy q KziAvbLvwb huvnvi KÉ ’ _v‡K, wZwbB Ònv‡dRÓ| Avgv‡ì Aviwe wk¶v H ch©š—| cvim¨ Ges D ©y wkwL‡Z nB‡j, cÖ_‡g ÒKwigv eeLkv G einv‡j gvÓ Ges G‡Kev‡i (D`y©) ÒevbvZb& bvmÓ co| G‡K AvKvi BKvi bvB, Zv‡Z Avevi Avi †Kv‡bv mnR cvV¨cy —K c~‡e© cov nq bvB, myZivs cv‡Vi MwZ ª“ZMvgx nq bv| A‡b‡Ki H KqLvwb cy —K cvV †kl nIqvi c~‡e©B Kb¨v-Rxeb †kl nq| weevn nB‡j evwjKvfv‡e, Òhvnv †nvK, cov nB‡Z i¶v cvIqv †Mj|Ó †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv evwjKv iÜb I m~w~K‡g© mywbcyYv nq| e½‡`‡kI evwjKvw`M‡K ixwZgZ e½fvlv wk¶v †Ìqv nq bv| †Kn †Kn D`©y cwo‡Z †k‡L, wKš‘ Kjg awi‡Z †k‡L bv| Bnv‡ì DbœwZi Pigmxgv mj&gv PzgwKi Kvi“Kvh©, D‡ji RyZv-‡gvRv BZ¨vw` cÖ —…Z Ki‡Z wk¶v ch©š—| hw` ag© i“ nhiZ gynv¤§` (m.) Avcbv‡ì wnmve-wbKvk j‡qb †h, Ò†Zvgiv Kb¨vi cÖwZ Kxiƒc b¨vq eëvi KwiqvQ?Ó Z‡e Avcbviv Kx ewj‡eb? cqM¤î‡ì BwZnv‡m †kvbv hvq, RM‡Z hLbB gvbyl †ewk AZ¨vPvi-AbvPvi Kwiqv‡Q, ZLbB GK-GKRb cqM¤i Avwmqv `y‡ói `gb I wk‡ói cvjb Kwiqv‡Qb| Avi‡e ¿xRvwZi cÖwZ AwaK AZ¨vPvi nB‡ZwQj; AvieevwmMY Kb¨v nZ¨v Kwi‡ZwQj, ZLb nhiZ gynv¤§` (m) Kb¨vKz‡ji i¶K¯iƒc `Êvqgvb

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evsjv msKjb 69

nBqvwQ‡jb| wZwb †Zej wewea eë ’v w`qvB ¶vš— _v‡Kb bvB, ¯qs Kb¨v cvjb Kwiqv Av`k© †`LvBqv‡Qb| Zuvnvi Rxeb dv‡Zgvgq Kwiqv †`LvBqv‡Qb- Kb¨v Kxiƒc AvìYxqv| †m Avì, †m †mœn RM‡Z AZzj| Avnv! wZwb bvB ewjqv Avgv‡ì G y ©kv| Z‡e fvB fwMbxMY! Avgiv mK‡j mg¯‡i ewj:ÒKwig eeL&k- G einv‡j gv|Ó Kwig (Ck¦i) Aek¨B K…cv Kwi‡eb| †h‡nZz Òmvabvq wmw×Ó| Avgiv ÓKwi‡giÓ AbyMÖn jv‡fi Rb¨ hZœ Kwi‡j Aek¨B Zuvnvi Ki“Yv jvf Kwie| Avgiv Ck¦i I gvZvi wbKU åvZvi ÒA‡a©KÓ bwn| Zvnv nB‡j GBiƒc ^vfvweK e‡›`ve — nBZ †h cyÎ †hLv‡b `k gvm ’vb cvB‡e, ywnZv †mLv‡b cuvP gvm! cy‡Îi Rb¨ hZLvwb y» Avg`vwb nq, Kb¨vi Rb¨ Zvnvi A‡a©K| †miƒc †Zv wbqg bvB! Avgiv Rbbxi †mœn-ggZv åvZvi mgvbB †fvM Kwi| gvZ…-ü`‡q c¶cvwZZv bvB| Z‡e †Kg‡b ewje, Ck¦i c¶cvZx? wZwb wK gvZv A‡c¶v AwaK Ki“Yvgq b‡nb? Avwg Gevi iÜb I m~PxKvh© m¤^‡Ü hvnv ewjqvwQ, Zvnv‡Z Avevi †hb †Kn g‡b bv K‡ib †h, Avwg m~PxKg© I iÜbwk¶vi we‡ivax| Rxe‡bi cÖavb cÖ‡qvRbxq e ‘ Abœe ¿| myZivs iÜb I †mjvB Aek¨B wk¶Yxq| wKš‘ ZvB ewjqv RxebUv‡K ïay ivbœvN‡iB mxgve× ivLv DwPZ b‡n| ^xKvi Kwi †h, kvixwiK ye©jZvekZ bvix RvwZ Aci RvwZi mvnv‡h¨ wbf©i K‡i| ZvB ewjqv cyi“l

ÒcÖfyÓ nB‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY, RM‡Z †`wL‡Z cvB, cÖ‡Z¨‡K‡KB cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKUc †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bv cÖKvi mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ii, †hb G‡K Ac‡ii mvnvh¨ e¨ZxZ Pwj‡Z cv‡i bv| Zi“jZv †hgb e„wói mvnvh¨cÖv_©x, †gNI †mBiƒc Zi“i mvnvh¨ Pvq| Rj e„w×i wbwgË b`x el©vi mvnvh¨ cvq, †gN Avevi b`xi wbKU FYx| Z‡e Ziw½Yx Kv`w¤^bxi Ò¯^vgxÓ, bv Kv`w¤bx Ziw½Yxi Ò¯vgxÓ? G ¯vfvweK wbq‡gi K_v Qvwoqv †Kej mvgvwRK wbq‡g „wócvZ Kwi‡jI Avgiv ZvnvB †`wL| †Kn m~Îai, †Kn Zš‘evq BZ¨vw`| GKRb e¨vwi÷vi Wv³v‡ii mvnvh¨cÖv_©x, Avevi Wv³viI e¨vwi÷v‡ii mvnvh¨ Pv‡nb| Z‡e Wv³vi‡K e¨vwi÷v‡ii ¯vgx ewje, bv e¨vwi÷vi Wv³v‡ii ¯vgx? hw` Bnv‡ì †Kn Kvnv‡K Ò¯vgxÓ ewjqv ¯xKvi bv K‡ib, Z‡e kªxgZxMY Rxe‡bi wPim½x kªxgvbw`M‡K Ò¯^vgxÓ fvwe‡eb †Kb? Avgiv DËgva© (beter halves) Zuvnviv wbK…óva© (worse halves), Avgiv Aa©v½x, Zuvnviv Aa©v½| Aejvi nv‡ZI mgv‡Ri Rxeb-gi‡Yi KvwV Av‡Q, †h‡nZz Òbv RvwM‡j me fviZ jjbvÓ G fviZ Avi RvwM‡Z cvwi‡e bv| cÖfy‡ì fxi“Zv wKsev †ZRw¯^Zv Rbbxi B”Qvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| Z‡e †Kej kvixwiK e‡ji †`vnvB w`qv A ~i`k©x åvZ… g‡nv`qMY †hb †kªô‡Z¡i `vwe bv K‡ib| Avgiv cyi“‡li b¨vq mywk¶v Abykxj‡bi mg¨K myweav bv cvIqvq cðv‡Z cwoqv AvwQ| mgvb myweav cvB‡j AvgivI wK †kªôZ¡ jvf Kwi‡Z cviZvg bv? A‰kke AvZ¥wb›`v ïwb‡ZwQ, ZvB GLb Avgiv AÜfv‡e cyi“‡li †kªôZv ¯^xKvi Kwi Ges wb‡R‡K AwZ Zz”Q g‡b Kwi| A‡bK mgq ÒnvRvi †nvK e¨vUv †Q‡jÓ ewjqv e¨vUv †Q‡j‡ì †`vl ¶gv Kwiqv Ab¨vq cÖksmv Kwi| GUvB †Zv fyj|



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evsjv msKjb 70

Avwg fwMbx‡ì Kj¨vY Kvgbv Kwi, Zuvnv‡ì ag©eÜb ev mgvReÜb wQbœ Kwiqv Zuvnvw`M‡K GKUv Db¥y³ cÖvš—‡i evwni Kwi‡Z Pvwn bv| gvbwmK DbœwZ Kwi‡Z nB‡j wn› y‡K wn› yZ¡ ev wLªóvb‡K wLªóvwb Qvwo‡Z nB‡e, Ggb †Kv‡bv K_v bvB| Avcb Avcb m¤cÖ v‡qi cv_©K¨ i¶v KwiqvI gbUv‡K ¯^vaxbZv †Ìqv hvq| Avgiv †h †Kej Dchy³ wk¶vi Afv‡e AebZ nBqvwQ, ZvB eywS‡Z I eySvB‡Z PvB| A‡b‡K nq‡Zv fq cvBqv‡Qb †h, †eva nq GKUv cZœx-we‡`ªv‡ni Av‡qvRb Kiv nB‡Z‡Q| A_ev jjbvMY

`‡j `‡j Dcw ’Z nBqv wec¶‡K ivRKxq Kvh©‡¶Î nBZ ZvovBqv w`qv †mB c`¸wj AwaKvi Kwi‡eb-

kvgjv, †PvMv, AvBb-Kvby‡bi cuvwR-cuyw_ jywVqv jB‡eb| A_ev m`je‡j K…wl‡¶‡Î Dcw ’Z nBqv

K…lK¸wj‡K ZvovBqv w`qv Zvnv‡ì km¨‡¶Î `Lj Kwi‡eb, nvj Mi“ Kvwoqv jB‡eb, Z‡e Zuvnv‡ì Afq

w`qv ewj‡Z nB‡e-wbwðš— _vKzb|

cyi“lMY Avgvw`M‡K mywk¶v nB‡Z cðv`c` ivwLqv‡Qb ewjqv Avgiv AKg©Y¨ nBqv wMqvwQ| fvi‡Z wf¶z

I abevb GB `yB `j †jvK Ajm; Ges f`ªgwnjvi `j KZ©e¨ A‡c¶v Aí KvR K‡i| Avgv‡ì Avivg-

wcÖqZv Lye evwoqv‡Q| Avgv‡ì n —, gb, c`, P¶z BZ¨vwì mØënvi Kiv nq bv| `kRb igYxiZœ GKÎ

nB‡j Bnvi Dnvi-we‡klZ Avcb Avcb Aa©v‡½i wb›`v wKsev cÖksmv Kwiqv evKcUzZv †`Lvq| Avek¨K

nB‡j †Kv›`jI P‡j|

Avkv Kwi GLb ¯^vgxi ¯’‡j ÒAa©v½Ó kã cÖPwjZ nB‡e|

kãv_© I UxKv Aejv RvwZ - ejnxbv| GLv‡b bvixmgvR A‡_© eëüZ| Ae‡iva cÖ_v - Aš—tcy‡i †jvKP¶zi Avov‡j †g‡q‡ì AvUK ivLvi wbqg| cvwm© - cvim¨ †`‡ki A_©vr Bivwb| QÎ - QvZv| wejvwZ mf¨Zv - cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zv| bv‡Ki `wo - bvKvj I eva¨ Kivi A ¿| Kj¤^m - wµ‡÷vdvi Kj¤^m (1447-1506) cÖwm× BZvjxq bvweK Ges Av‡gwiKv

gnv‡`‡ki Avwe®‹Z©v| †¯ú‡bi ivR`¤úwZ dvwW©bvÛ I Bmv‡ejvi c„ô‡cvlKZvq 1492 wLªóv‡ã cÖ_g mgy ª hvÎv K‡ib| cÖ_‡g wZwb wKDev, evnvgv cÖf„wZ Øxc Ges µ‡g R¨vgvBKv, `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv, wÎwb`v` cÖf„wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|

evZzj - cvMj, Db¥v`| ^Z¡- ^vgxZ¡ - AwaKvi I gvwjKvbv|

evZzjZv - cvMjvwg| mxZv - ivgvq‡Y ewY©Z wgw_jvivR Rb‡Ki Kb¨v I ivgP‡› ªi cZœx|

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evsjv msKjb 72

Ziw½bx - b`x|

Kv`w¤^bx - †gNgvjv|

m~Îai - QzZvi, Kv‡Vi wgw¯¿|

Zš‘evq - Zš‘ eqb K‡i †h, ZuvwZ, †h Kvco †ev‡b|

kvgjv - kv‡ji GK iKg cvMwo, DwK‡ji cwi‡aq cvMwo|

†PvMv - j¤^v wXjv eyK-†Lvjv GK ai‡bi Rvgv hv PvcKv‡bi Dc‡i civ nq|

Drm I cwiwPwZ ÔAa©v½xÕ iPbvi Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl I wesk kZ‡Ki †Mvovq fviZe‡l© cyi“lkvwmZ mgvRRxe‡bi me‡¶‡Î

bvix, we‡kl K‡i gymjgvb bvix mgv‡Ri cðv`c`Zv, ye©n Rxeb I AwaKvinxbZv‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q

cyi“‡li wb`viyY ¯v_©ciZv, AvwacZ¨Kvgx gvbwmKZvi †cÖ¶vc‡U| AZ¨š— e¨w_Z ü`‡q †eMg †iv‡Kqv

Av‡eMagx© hyw³cÖavb GB iPbvq bvixmgvR‡K ÁvbPPv© I Kg©eªZ, AwaKvi m‡PZbZv I gyw³ AvKv•¶vq

cÖey× Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb|

GB iPbvq bvixRvMi‡Yi c‡¶ †h mywPwš—Z, `„p I ewjô gZvgZ wZwb e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z Zuvi gš—‡e¨

Av‡Q Av‡e‡Mi MvpZv Avi hyw³‡Z Av‡Q aviv‡jv Zx¶èZv| wZwb †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, mgvRRxe‡bi AMÖMwZ

I Kj¨vY mva‡bi R‡b¨ bvixRvMiY Ges †mB m‡½ cyi“l mgv‡Ri `„wófw½i cwieZ©‡bi weKí †bB|

Abykxjbg~jK KvR

M`ïxwZ hyw³ cÖ k©b †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †jLvq †jLK Zuvi wbR¯ gZvgZ‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Pvb| G ai‡bi †jLvq Zuvi j¶¨ _v‡K

e³e¨ wel‡q cvV‡Ki cªZ¨q I wek¦vm RvMv‡bv| KL‡bv KL‡bv †jLK cvVK‡K Zuvi (†jL‡Ki) g‡Zi

c‡¶ †U‡b Avb‡ZI cÖjy× K‡i _v‡Kb| G ai‡bi †jLvi g~j êwkó¨B n‡”Q hyw³ cÖ k©b|

†jLK Zuvi e³‡eï mg_©‡b †h hyw³ nvwRi K‡ib Zvi g‡a¨ _v‡K (K) g~j ev cÖavb hyw³ Ges (L)

Avbylw½K ev mnvqK hyw³| †jLK G¸‡jv cÖ`k©b K‡ib AZ¨š— ¯úó, †Rviv‡jv I Zx¶èfv‡e| Avi †mB

m‡½ Zuvi e³‡eï mg_©‡b nvwRi K‡ib cÖvmw½K DØ„wZ, cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨-cÖgvY BZ¨vw`|

hyw³cÖ‡qvMagx© †jLvq †jLK cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv Zzjbv, eY©bv, we‡k−lY, Kvh©KviY m¤úK© wbi~cY BZ¨vw` †h

†Kv‡bv M`¨‡KŠkj Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e wZwb mvaviYZ †mB †KŠkj Aej¤b K‡ib hv‡Z Zuvi hyw³

†Rviv‡jvfv‡e Zz‡j aiv hvq| G ai‡bi M`¨ iPbvi Avjv`v wKQz we‡kl êwkó¨ Av‡Q:

1. Av‡eMag©x hyw³ZK©g~jK iPbv n‡jI †gŠwjK ZK©-weZ‡K©i g‡Zv bq| KviY, †gŠwjK ZK©-weZK© A‡bK

mgq hyw³ †Q‡o gv_v Mig nIqv SMovq †kl nq| c¶vš—‡i G ai‡bi †jLvq g~j welqwU me mgq www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 73

g‡b ivL‡Z nq| †LB nviv‡bv P‡j bv| †jLK nq‡Zv we‡kl c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi c‡¶ e‡jb, (cÖPwjZ

cix¶v c×wZ hy‡hvc‡hvMx Kiv `iKvi) wKsev nq‡Zv wZwb †Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡ii mZ¨Zv cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Z

Pvb| (Ôwk¶vi Lv‡Z e¨q evov‡jB wk¶vi gvb ev‡o bvÕ), cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB Zv‡K h_vh_, †Rviv‡jv I

AKvU¨ hyw³ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z wM‡q wec‡¶i gZvgZ, `„wófw½ BZ¨vw`‡K AvµgY ev cvëv AvµgY wZwb

Ki‡Z cv‡ib wKš‘ e¨w³MZ AvµgY Av‡`Š m½Z bq|

2. e³e¨‡K hyw³hy³fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖ_g I me‡P‡q †ewk ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e g~j cÖ —vebvi

Ic‡i| KviY †mUvB nj Zvi cÖwZcbœ Kivi welq Ges weZ‡K©i wfwË| †mwU Dc ’vcbv I e¨vL¨vi

c‡iB Avm‡e g~j cÖ —ve‡K †Rviv‡jv Kivi c‡¶ mnvqK I Avbylw½K hyw³ Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨-cÖgvY

BZ¨vw`|

3. wb‡Ri c‡¶ hyw³ †`qv QvovI wec‡¶i hyw³ LÊ‡bi w`KwUI †`L‡Z nq| G †jLvi kyi“‡Z wKsev

gvSvgvwS hyw³ LÊ‡bi KvRwU †jLK‡K †m‡i wb‡Z nq|

4. †Kv‡bv hyw³ ev gZvg‡Zi fyj e¨vL¨v nevi AvksKv _vK‡j cÖvmw½K RvqMvq †jLK Zv D‡j−L K‡i

_v‡Kb|

5. g~j wel‡q ch©vß Z_¨-cÖgvYmn hyw³ cÖ vb I wec‡¶i hyw³ LÊb bv K‡i AcÖvmw½K gš—e¨, wec‡¶i

cÖwZ e¨w³MZ AvµgY, hyw³nxb weåvwš—Ki gZvgZ cÖ vb I gvÎvwZwi³ Av‡eM G ai‡bi †jLv‡K I

†jLvi D‡Ïk¨‡K ¶wZMÖ — K‡i _v‡K|

fvlv Abykxjb evbvb −Bwb cÖZ¨q †hv‡M ¿xevPK kã MwVZ nq| Gi d‡j k‡ãi evbv‡b cwieZ©b n‡q _v‡K| cyi“levPK kã I

¿xevPK k‡ãi evbvb j¶ Ki;

e›`x - ew›`bx

AwaKvix - AwaKvwiYx

cÖYqx - cÖYwqbx

M„nx - M„wnYx

AbyMvgx - AbyMvwgbx

mgfvMx - mgfvwMbx| evbvb mZK©Zv Avwe®‹vi, ev®úxf~Z, wbix¶Y, ¶xY, kxl©K, m~², w`KwbY©q, wk¶Yxq, kvixwiK, kªxgwZ, fwMbx, fMœx,

ew›`bx, AwaKvwiYx, cÖYwqbx, M„wnYx, AbyMvwgbx, mgfvwMbx, KY©, eY©bv, igbx, mnPvix, Aa©v½x, cZœx, `c©Y,

†Muvov, we‡Øl, D‡Ïk¨, aŸsm, ^Z¡- ^vwgZ¡, e¨³, Aš—tcyi, †R¨vwZ‡e©Ëv|



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evsjv msKjb 74

ÑBZ cÖZ¨q †hv‡M MwVZ we‡klY kã weKvi > weK…Z : weK…Z †Pnviv

cwieZ©b > cwiewZ©Z : cwiewZ©Z Ae ’v

a~mi > a~mwiZ : a~mwiZ †Pnviv

†kvfv > †kvwfZ : †kvwfZ cZvKv

wk¶v > wkw¶Z : wkw¶Z †jvK

cÖPjb > cÖPwjZ : cÖPwjZ wk¶v|

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evsjv msKjb 75

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| †iYy I ivRy GKB wcZv-gvZvi mš—vb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì wcZv-gvZv ivRy‡K †iYy A‡c¶v †ewk

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evsjv msKjb 76

†hŠe‡bi Mvb KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg

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evsjv msKjb 77

A‡c¶vI Avgiv †ewk Awff~Z nBqv cwo| Zuvnv‡ì evYx Av‡m e„wóavivi g‡Zv Aweij avivq| Avgv‡ì

Kwe‡ì evYx e‡n ¶xY fxi“ SiYvavivi g‡Zv| Q‡›ì `yK~j cÖvYc‡Y AvuKwoqv awiqv †m m½xZ ¸Äb

Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z ewnqv hvq| cÙv fvMxi_xi g‡Zv Li‡mªvZv huvnv‡ì evYx, Avwg Zuvnv‡ì eû cðv‡Z|

Avgvi GKgvÎ m¤j-Avcbv‡ì Zi“Y‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi Acwimxg fv‡jvevmv, cÖv‡Yi Uvb| Zvi“Y¨‡K,

†hŠeb‡K Avwg †hw`b nB‡Z Mvb Mvwn‡Z wkwLqvwQ, †mw`b nB‡Z ev‡i ev‡i mvjvg KwiqvwQ, mkª× bg¯‹vi

wb‡e`b KwiqvwQ| Rev Kzmyg m¼vk Zi“Y Ai“Y‡K †`wLqv cÖ_g gvbe †hgb Kwiqv mkª× bg¯‹vi

KwiqvwQ‡jb| Avgvi cÖ_g RvMiY-cÖfv‡Z †Zgb mkª× we¯§q jBqv †hŠeb‡K Aš—‡ii kª×v wb‡e`b

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Avwg †hŠe‡bi c~Rvix Kwe ewjqvB hw` Avgvq Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì gvjvi ga¨gwY Kwiqv _v‡Kb, Zvnv

nB‡j Avgvi Awf‡hvM Kwievi wKQzB bvB| Avcbv‡ì gnv`vb Avwg mvb‡›` wki bZ Kwiqv MÖnY Kwijvg|

Avcbv‡ì `jcwZ nBqv bq, Avcbv‡ì `jfy³ nBqv, mnhvÎx nBqv| Avgv‡ì `‡j †Kn `jcwZ bvB,

AvR Avgiv kZ w`K nB‡Z kZ kZ Zi“Y wgwjqv Zvi“‡Yï kZ`j dzUvBqv ZzwjqvwQ| Avgiv mK‡j

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eva©K¨ ZvnvB-hvnv cyivZb‡K, wg_¨v‡K g„Zz ‡K AvuKwoqv cwoqv _v‡K, e„× ZvnvivB- hvnviv gvqv”Qbœ be

gvb‡ei Awfbe Rq hvÎvi ïay †evSv bq, weNœ; kZvãxi be hvÎxi Pjvi Q‡›` Q›` wgjvBqv hvnviv

KzPIqvR Kwi‡Z Rv‡b bv, cv‡i bv, hvnviv Rxe nBqvI Ro; hvnviv AUj ms¯‹v‡ii cvlvY —~c AvuKwoqv

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Av‡jvK-wcqvmx cÖvY PÂj wkï‡ì Kj †Kvjvn‡j hvnviv wei³ nBqv Awfm¤úvZ Kwi‡Z _v‡K, RxY© cuyw_

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Bnv‡ì ag©B eva©K¨| eva©K¨‡K me mgq eq‡mi †d«‡g euvav hvq bv| eû hyeK‡K †`wLqvwQ hvnv‡ì

†hŠe‡bi Dw ©i wb‡P eva©‡Kï K¼vj g~wZ©| Avevi eû e„×‡K †`wLqvwQ- huvnv‡ì eva©‡Kï RxY©vei‡Yi Z‡j

†gNjyß m~‡h©i g‡Zv cÖ xß †hŠeb| Zi“Y bv‡gi Rq-gyKzU ïay ZvnviB hvnvi kw³ AcwigvY, MwZ‡eM

SÅvi b¨vq, †ZR wb‡g©N Avlvp ga¨v‡ ýi gvZ©ÊcÖvq| wecyj hvnvi Avkv, K¬vwš—nxb hvnvi Drmvn, weivU

hvnvi J`vh©, Adziš— hvnvi cÖvY, AUj hvnvi mvabv, g„Zz hvnvi gywVZ‡j| Zvi“Y¨ †`wLqvwQ Avie‡i

†e yBb‡ì gv‡S, Zvi“Y¨ †`wLqvwQ gnvmg‡qi ˆmwb‡Ki gy‡L, Kvjvcvnv‡oi Awm‡Z, Kvgvj - Kwig -

gy‡mvwjb - mvb Bqvr †jwb‡bi kw³‡Z| †hŠeb †`wLqvwQ Zvnv‡ì gv‡S-hvnviv êgvwbKiƒ‡c Abš—

AvKv‡ki mxgv LuywR‡Z wMqv cÖvY nvivq, Avwe®‹viKiƒ‡c be-c„w_exi mÜv‡b wMqv Avi wd‡i bv, †MŠixk„½

KvÂbR•Nvi kxl©‡`k AwaKvi Kwi‡Z wMqv hvnviv Zzlvi-XvKv c‡o, AZj mgy‡ ªi bxj gÄylvi gwY AvniY

Kwi‡Z wMqv mwjjmgvwa jvf K‡i, g½jMÖ‡n, P› ª‡jv‡K hvBevi c_ Avwe®‹vi Kwi‡Z wMqv wbi“‡Ïk nBqv



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evsjv msKjb 78

hvq| ceb-MwZ‡K cðv‡Z †dwjqv hvnviv Dwoqv hvB‡Z Pvq, be be MÖn-b¶‡Îi mÜvb Kwi‡Z Kwi‡Z

hvnv‡ì bqb-gwY wbwfqv hvq-†hŠeb †`wLqvwQ †mB yiš—‡ì gv‡S| †hŠe‡bi gvZ…iƒc †`wLqvwQ-ke enb

Kwiqv hLb †m hvq k¥kvbNv‡U, †Mvi ’v‡b, Abvnv‡i _vwKqv hLb †m Abœ cwi‡ekb K‡i ywf©¶ eb¨v-

cxwoZ‡ì gy‡L, eÜynxb †ivMxi kh¨vcv‡k¦© hLb †m ivwÎi ci ivwÎ RvwMqv cwiPh©v K‡i, hLb †m c‡_

c‡_ Mvb Mvwnqv wfLvix mvwRqv y ©kvMÖ —‡ì Rb¨ wf¶v K‡i, hLb `ye©‡ji cv‡k ej nBqv ùvovq,

nZv‡ki ey‡K Avkv RvMvq|

BnvB †hŠeb, GB ag© hvnv‡ì ZvnvivB Zi“Y| Zvnv‡ì †`k bvB, RvwZ bvB, Ab¨ ag© bvB| †`k-Kvj-

RvwZ-a‡g©i mxgvi D‡aŸ© Bnv‡ì †mbvwbevm| AvR Avgiv-gymwjg Zi“‡Yiv-†hb AKzwÉZ wP‡Ë gy³K‡É

ewj‡Z cvwi-ag© Avgv‡ì Bmjvg, wKš‘ cÖv‡Yi ag© Avgv‡ì Zvi“Y¨, †hŠeb| Avgiv mKj †`‡ki, mKj

RvwZi, mKj a‡g©i, mKj Kv‡ji| Avgiv gywi` †hŠe‡bi| GB RvwZ-ag©-Kvj‡K AwZµg Kwi‡Z

cvwiqv‡Q huvnv‡ì †hŠeb, ZuvnvivB AvR gnvgvbe, gnvZ¥v, gnvexi| Zvnvw`M‡K mKj †`‡ki mKj a‡g©i

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hZ †gvbvRvZB Ki“K, †Lv`v Zvnv Keyj Kwi‡eb bv| †Lv`v nvZ w`qv‡Qb †e‡nkZ I †e‡nkwZ wPR AR©b

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g‡bi g‡Zv Kwiqv Mwoqv jBe| BnvB nDK Zi“‡Yi mvabv|

kãv_© I UxKv wØav - ms‡KvP, mskq, KzÉv| i“wai aviv - i³ cÖevn| Aj‡¶¨ - `„wói A‡MvP‡i| evqm - KvK| †ePviv Mv‡bi cvwL‡K - †KvwKj‡K| PÂz - †VuvU| AjmZ› ªv - Avjm¨ †_‡K m„ó Ny‡gi fve| †gvnwb ªv - Avmw³ ev †gvni~c wb`ªv, A‡PZbZv, RoZv| ˆè - AvKw¯§K| cwiµgY - cwiågY, cÖ w¶Y|

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evsjv msKjb 79

fiv-fv`‡i - cwic~Y© fv‡ ª| cwic~Y© Ae ’vq| fv`ª gv‡m b`xbvjv el©vi R‡j †hgb Kvbvq Kvbvq f‡i I‡V †Zgwb| A‡MvP‡i - Aj‡¶, `„wói evB‡i| bv-IqvwKd - AbwfÁ, AÁvZ| Kge³v - Aífvlx, whwb Kg K_v e‡jb| ew³qvi wLjwR - gyn¤§` eLwZqvi wLjwR wQ‡jb BwZnvmL¨vZ AvdMvb †mbvbvqK whwb gvÎ

m‡Z‡iv Rb ˆmb¨ wb‡q AZwK©Z Avµg‡Y b`xqv `Lj K‡ib| ivRv j²Y †mb f‡q cjvqb Ki‡j eLwZqvi wLjwR evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g gymjgvb ivRZ¡ we —vi K‡ib| (1203) GLv‡b †KŠZzKf‡i e³…Zv`vbKvix‡K Ôew³qvi wLjRxÕ ejv n‡q‡Q|

j²Y †mb - evsjvi †mb es‡ki †kl ivRv| AZwK©Z Avµg‡Y eLwZqvi wLjwR gvÎ m‡Z‡iv Rb ˆmb¨ wb‡q ivRavbx `Lj K‡i wb‡j ivRv j²Y †mb †cQ‡bi yqvi w`‡q cvwj‡q AvZ¥i¶v K‡ib| Gfv‡e evsjvq †mb es‡ki cZb

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Kvjvcvnvo - eªv¶Y †_‡K gymjgv‡b ag©vš—wiZ weL¨vZ gymwjg †hv×v| my‡jgvb I `vqy

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nb| 1568 wLªóv‡ã cyix AvµgY K‡i eû gw›ì I †è‡èxi g~wZ© aŸsm

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evsjv msKjb 80

Kvgvj - gy —dv Kvgvj AvZvZzK© cvkv (1881-1938)| AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i RbK I Zzi¯‹ cªRvZ‡š¿i cÖ_g ivóªcwZ| Zuvi cwiPvjbv I †bZ„‡Z¡ Zzi¯‹ Avmbœ cZ‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq Ges mwZ¨Kvi DbœwZi c‡_ AMÖmi nq| ag©, mgvR, wk¶v me‡¶‡ÎB wZwb Avg~j I êc−weK ms¯‹vi mvab K‡ib| AvBb-Kvbyb ms¯‹vi, AvaywbK wk¶v eë ’vi cÖeZ©b, bvixi mgvb AwaKvi cÖwZôv, c ©v cÖ_vi D‡”Q`, ^vaxb A_©‰bwZK weKvk, wbi‡c¶ ciivóªbxwZ BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g wZwb AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ib| †`kevmx K„ZÁZvi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K ÔAvZvZzK©Õ ev ÔZzi‡¯‹i RbKÕ DcvwaZ f~wlZ K‡ib|

gy‡mvwjbx - wmbi †ewb‡Zv gy‡mvwjwb (1883-1945) BZvwji GKbvqK Ges †mLvbKvi d¨vwmev`x `‡ji †bZv wQ‡jb| DMÖ RvZ¨vwfgvb †_‡K wZwb BZvwj‡K c„w_exi me©‡kªô kw³kvjx RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖvYcY †Póv K‡ib| mgMÖ RvZxq Rxe‡b K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y Ges AvMÖvmx ê‡`wkK bxwZi Abymvix gy‡mvwjwb 1935 mv‡j Avwewmwbqv AvµgY K‡ib| GB NUbvi m~‡Î d¨vwmev`x wnUjv‡ii m‡½ Zuvi eÜzZ¡ nq| 1940 mv‡j Rvg©vwbi wgÎ wn‡m‡e wØZxq wek¦hy‡× Zuvi †bZ„‡Z¡ BZvwj weª‡Ub I d«v‡Ýi wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡ib| hy‡× BZvwji civRq n‡j wZwb c`Pz¨Z I e›`x nb| c‡i gyw³ †c‡jI AvZZvqxi nv‡Z wbnZ nb|

mvbBqvr - mvb-Bqvr-†mb (1867-1925) Px‡bi Rbbw›`Z wec −ex ivRbxwZwe` I be¨ Px‡bi Rb¥`vZv| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K Ges wek kZ‡Ki †Mvovq Px‡bi gvÂz mgªvU‡ì kvmb-†kvlY wbh©vZ‡bi wei“‡× †ek wKQz wec−ex Av‡›`vjb nq| mvb-Bqvr †mb G¸‡jvi m‡½ mswk−ó wQ‡jb| 1912 mv‡ji wec−‡e gvÂz mvgªv‡Rï cZb n‡j wZwb bvbwKs cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªcwZ nb| wØZxq wec −e e¨_© nIqvq Zuv‡K wbe©vm‡b †h‡Z nq| c‡i †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i wZwb wef³ Px‡bi `w¶Y Pxb cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªcwZ nb| mvgëv` I wec−‡e myMfxi Av ’v, Px‡bi RvZxq Kg©m~wP cÖYqb, gvÂz ivRZ‡š¿i we‡ivwaZv Ges ms¯‹vi bxwZi Rb¨ Px‡bi BwZnv‡m Zuvi bvg Awe¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q|

†jwjb - f−vw`wgi BwjP Dwjqv‡bvd (1870-1924) wec−ex Kv‡R RwoZ _vKvKv‡j Ô†jwjbÕ QÙbvg †bb| wZwb i“k wec−‡ei msMVK, cwiKíK I †bZv| Zuvi †bZ„‡Z¡ 1917 mv‡j i“k wec−‡ei mvd‡j¨ Rv‡ii ivRZ‡š¿i cZb N‡U Ges c„w_exi cÖ_g mgvRZvwš¿K iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq| Avg„Zz¨ wZwb wQ‡jb †mvwf‡qZ iv‡óªi ivóªcÖavb| e¨vsK I m¤úwË RvZxqKiY, `wi ª RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ f~wg eÈb, MYwk¶vi cÖmvi, mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi g~j wfwË iPbvi gva¨‡g wZwb wQ‡jb cÖ_g mdj gvK©mev`x wec−ex, gvK©mev`x `k©‡bi cÖ_g KvZv‡ii ZvwË¡K| Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’vewj BwZnvm, `k©b, A_©bxwZ I mgvRZË¡ m¤ú‡K© Zuvi cÖMvp Ávb I we‡k −lY-kw³i cwiPqen n‡q Av‡Q|

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evsjv msKjb 81

bxj gÄylvi gwY - mgy‡ ªi GK iKg g~jëvb iZœcv_i| †hŠe‡bi gvZ…i~c - †hŠe‡bi †Kvgj †mevcivqY w`K| gywi` - wkl¨| ms¯‹vivZxZ - ms¯‹vi ev †givgZ Kiv m¤¢e bq Ggb| †bqvgZ - ab-m¤ú`, AbyMÖn| Drm I cwiwPwZ 1932 wLªóv‡ã wmivRM‡Ä gymwjg hye mgv‡Ri Awfb›`‡bi DË‡i Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg †h

cÖv‡Yv”Q¡j fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb, Ô †hŠe‡bi MvbÕ iPbvwU ZviB cwigvwR©Z wjwLZ i~c|

GB Awffvl‡Y Kwe `yiš—-`ye©vi †hŠe‡bi cÖkw¯— D”PviY K‡i‡Qb| KviY †hŠeb n‡”Q Adziš— cÖvYkw³i

Avavi| Zv gvby‡li Rxeb‡K K‡i MwZkxj I cÖZ¨vkvgq| ye©vi DÏxcbv, K¬vwš—nxb D`¨g, Acwimxg

J`vh©, Adziš— cÖvYPÂjZv I AUj mvabvi cÖZxK †hŠeb g„Zz ‡K Zz”Q K‡i ms¯‹v‡ii †eovRvj wQbœwfbœ

K‡i mKj evav †cwi‡q GwM‡q hvq mgvR-cÖMwZ I bZzb ¯cœgq gy³ Rxe‡bi c‡_| Avi wecbœ gvbeZvi

cv‡k †m uvovq †meveªZx f~wgKv wb‡q|

c¶vš—‡i i¶YkxjZv, RoZv, ms¯‹viv”QbœZv I cðvrc`Zvgq eva©K¨ evav n‡q uvovq Rxe‡bi cÖvYeš—

AMÖMwZi c‡_| ZvB ¯^fve- êwk‡óï w`K †_‡K †h †hŠeb †`k-RvwZ-Kvj I a‡g©i euvab gv‡b bv †mB

†hŠeb-kw³‡K Kwe D`vË Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Qb mg — RxY© cyi‡bv ms¯‹vi‡K aŸsm K‡i g‡bi g‡Zv bZzb

RMr iPbvi mvabvq AMÖmi n‡Z|

Abykxjbg~jK KvR fvlv Abykxjb Dcgv

†Kv‡bv wRwb‡mi êwkó¨ dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wKQzi m‡½ Zzjbv ev mv „k¨ Kíbv Kiv n‡j

Zv‡K ejv nq Dcgv| mvaviYZ Dcgv †evSv‡Z g‡Zv, b¨vq BZ¨vw` mv „këvPK kã eënvi Kiv n‡q

_v‡K| Ô †hŠe‡bi MvbÕ iPbvq cÖPzi Dcgv eëüZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb:

1. Bnviv _v‡Kb kw³i †cQ‡b i“wai avivi g‡Zv †Mvcb dz‡ji gv‡S gvwUi ggZv-i‡mi g‡Zv

Aj‡¶|

2. Avwg Kwe-e‡bi cvwLi g‡Zv ¯fve Avgvi Mvb Kivi|

3. Zuvnv‡ì evYx Av‡m e„wóavivi g‡Zv Aweij avivq| Avgv‡ì evYx e‡n ¶xY fxi“ Sibvavivi

g‡Zv|



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evsjv msKjb 82

†Q` wPý : †mwg‡Kvjb †mwg‡Kvjb ev Aa©‡”Q` n‡”Q ev‡Kï g‡a¨ eëüZ GK ai‡bi evK¨v¯—M©Z wPý, hv eëüZ nq:

1. GKvwaK ¯vaxb evK¨‡K GKwU ev‡K¨ wjL‡j †m¸‡jvi gvSLv‡b|

K) wZwb ïay Zvgvkv †`wL‡ZwQ‡jb; †Kv_vKvi Rj †Kv_vq wM‡q c‡o| (wejvmx)

L) wk¶v G‡Kev‡iB cyiv nBqv Av‡Q; GLb ïay Bs‡iR‡K Kwlqv MvwjMvjvR Kwi‡Z cvwi‡j †`kUv

D×vi nBqv hvq| (wejvmx)

2. e³e¨ ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ mgRvZxq evK¨ cvkvcvwk cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡j:

e„× ZvnvivB-hvnviv gvqv”Qbœ be gvb‡ei Awfbe RqhvÎvi ïay †evSv bq, weNœ, kZvãxi be hvÎxi

Pjvi Q‡›` Q›` wgjvBqv hvnviv KzPKvIqvR Kwi‡Z Rv‡b bv, cv‡i bv; hvnviv Rxe nBqvI Ro;

hvnviv AUj ms¯‹v‡ii cvlvY-¯—~c AuvKwoqv cwoqv Av‡Q| W¨vk wPý

W¨vk wPý cÖavbZ ev‡Kï g‡a¨ Ges wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î eëüZ nq : 1. †Kv‡bv K_vi „óvš— ev we —vi †evSv‡Z: K) Avgvi GKgvÎ m¤j-Avcbv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi Acwimxg fv‡jvevmv, cªv‡Yi Uvb| L) eva©K¨ ZvnvB-hvnv cyivZb‡K, wg_¨v‡K, g„Zz¨‡K AuvKwo‡q cwoqv _v‡K| 2. evK¨ Am¤ú~Y© _vK‡j ev‡Kï †k‡l: K) Ò†envB, Avwg †Zv wKQz ewj‡Z cvwi bv| GKevi Zvn‡j evwoi g‡a¨-Ò(ˆngš—x) L) evev MwR©qv DwV‡jb, Òe‡U †i-Ó (ˆngš—x) 3. M‡í-Dcb¨v‡m cÖm‡½ cwieZ©b ev e¨vL¨vq: K) wkwki-bv, G bvgUv Avi eënvi Kiv Pwjj bv| (ˆngš—x) L) Au v-G nBj Kx, Kwj wK mZ¨B DëvB‡Z ewmj? (wejvmx) 4. bvUK ev Mí-Dcb¨v‡m msjv‡ci Av‡M: K) -n MxZ bv Zi gv_v| (cÙvb`xi gvwS) L) -Aciva ¯xKvi Ki‡j? -nu v| cÖ_g Aciva| ZvB †Q‡o w`jvg| (†mŠ`vwgbx gv‡jv) mgvmge× kã ggZvim, AjmZ ªv, †gvnwb ªv, ˆmb¨mvgš—, m½xZ¸Äb, Sibvaviv, RevKzmygm¼vk, wZwgiwe`vix, †hŠebm~h©, wZwgiKzgš—jv, cvlvY —~c, Av‡jvKwcqvmx, cÖvYPÂj, †gNjyß, RqgyKzU, gvZ©ÛcÖvq, bec„w_ex, mwjjmgvwa| evbvb mZK©Zv cwiµgY, Zvi“Y¨, evYx, Ai“Y, ga¨gwY g„Yvj, cvlvY, RxY© RxY©veiY, Acwimxg, wbkxw_bx, jxjvf~wg, c~Rvix, cxwoZ, a¨vbx, Zx¶è, Sibv, `ywf©¶, AwMœgv›`v, SÃv, wØav|

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evsjv msKjb 83

m‡gv”PvwiZ k‡ã evbvb cv_©K¨ Abœ - fvZ| co-co - coš—|

Ab¨ - Aci| ci ci - G‡Ki ci GK|

Avmv - AvMgb| evYx - K_v, Dw³|

Avkv - cÖZ¨vkv, fimv| evwb - Mqbv ˆZwii gRywi|

†ewk - A‡bK| wbP - wbgœ ’vb, evwoi wbgœZj|

†ekx - †ekavix| (QÙ‡ekx) bxP - nxb, wbK…ó|

ke - g„Z‡`n mKj - me, mg —|

me - mg —| kKj - gv‡Qi Auvk|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. Ô†hŠe‡bi MvbÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK Kx n‡q Zi“Y‡ì gnv`vb MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvb? K. ga¨gwY L. `jcwZ M. mnhvÎx N. c~Rvix 2. ÔAvwg Kwe, e‡bi cvwLi g‡Zv ^fve Avgvi Mvb KiviÕ- Dw³wU‡Z eywS‡q‡Qb- K. †hŠe‡bi D”Q¡jZv L. gvbe Kj¨v‡Y eªZ nIqv M. Zvi“‡Yï cÖwZ AKzÉ c¶cvZ N. Mv‡bi cvwLi mv‡_ KweZvi Zzjbv Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| c~e©Kv‡j BD‡iv‡c AvBb Øviv Kzô‡ivMx‡ì wbe©vmb †Ìqv n‡Zv| gvbe‡cÖwgK `vwb‡qj

†hŠe‡bi †fvMjvjmv Z¨vM K‡i gvjv‡Kv Øx‡c Kzô‡ivMx‡ì †mevq eªZx n‡jb, Ck¦i‡K ej‡jb cÖfy! AvR Avgvi †cÖg mKj c~Y©Zvq mdj I mv_©K n‡jv|

3. Aby‡”Q‡` †hŠe‡bi †Kvb êwk‡óï me©vwaK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? K. D`¨g L. J`vh© M. gvZ…iƒc N. mvabv 4. †Kvb ev‡K¨ Aby‡”Q‡ì êwk‡óï cwiPq Av‡Q? K. Bnviv _v‡K kw³i wcQ‡b L. is QvovB‡Z QovB‡Z A — M. hLb ye©‡ji cv‡k ej nBqv uvovq N. Zvnvi nvwm‡Z Mvb, Zvnvi Kvbœvq Mvb Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| Ôeva©K¨ wKQz Kvo‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j wKQz Qvov‡ZI cv‡i bv- ywU Kv‡jv †Pv‡Li RbÏ bq, wek

†KvwU Kv‡jv †jv‡Ki RbÏ bq| 5. GLv‡b Ô †hŠe‡bi MvbÕ cÖe‡Ü e„‡×i †h êwk‡óï cwiPq cvIqv hvq, Zv nj- i. cðv`c`Zv ii. i¶YkxjZv iii. ¯’weiZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii



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evsjv msKjb 84

6. Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z eva©‡Kï wecixZ fvlv †KvbwU? K. kw³i †cQ‡b i“wai avivi g‡Zv †Mvcb L. †m ivwÎi ci ivwÎ RvwMqv cwiPh©v K‡i M. Zi“Y Ai“‡Yi g‡ZvB †h Zvi“Y¨ wZwgi we`vix N. Abš— AvKv‡ki mxgv LyuwR‡Z wMqv cÖvY nvivq

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. AemicÖvß dvi“K mv‡n‡ei KuvPv cvKv Pzj, gy‡L eq‡mi Qvc| Z‡e iv¯—vi `yB av‡i MvQ

jvMv‡bv, iv¯—vi MZ© fivU Kiv BZ¨vw` Kv‡R Zvi †Kv‡bv K¬vwš— †bB| GQvovI cvovi †Q‡j‡ì wb‡q evj¨weevn †iva, †g‡q‡ì ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡bv, Amy¯’ †ivMx‡K nmwcUv‡j cvVv‡bv Gmg — Kv‡RI Zvi Drmv‡ni mxgv †bB|

K. Mv‡bi cvwL‡K Zvov K‡i †K? L. ÔAvwg AvR Zvnv‡ì `‡j, hvnviv Kgx© bb- a¨vbxÕ-GLv‡b Ôa¨vbxÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv

n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. dvi“K mv‡n‡ei PvwiwÎK êwk‡ó¨ †hŠe‡bi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q-e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÒAvgv‡ì c„w_ex Avgiv Avgv‡ì g‡bi gZ K‡i Mwoqv jBeÓ- Dw³wU dvi“K mv‡n‡ei

Pwi‡Î KZUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv Ô †hŠe‡bi MvbÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2. hye‡Kiv cvMj, evi“‡ì g‡Zv mn‡RB hyeKcÖv‡Y Av¸b a‡i| Zievwi †`‡L, KvivMv‡i

duvwm‡Z wKQz‡ZB Zvi `wc©Z cÖvY Kvey nq bv| G‡ì g‡a¨ w¯’iZv, exiZv, Mv¤¢xh©, ag©fq, webq Ávb ej‡Z wKQz †bB| Iiv mwZ¨B cvMj, ev®úxq BwÄb Ave× kw³ ejv hvq|

K. e‡bi cvwLi g‡Zv Mvb Kiv Kvi ^fve? L. Kwe Zi“Y‡ì `jfy³ n‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †Kb? M. Aby‡”Q‡` Ô†hŠe‡bi MvbÕ cÖe‡Üi hye‡Ki †Kvb iƒcwUi cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aby‡”Q‡` Ô†hŠe‡bi MvbÕ cÖe‡Üi AvswkK e³e¨ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q-gš—‡eï †hŠw³K

g~j¨vqb Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 85

KwjgwÏ `dv`vi Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb

†jLK-cwiwPwZ evsjv‡`‡ki AMÖMY¨ K_vmvwnwZ¨K Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb cÂvk eQ‡iiI †ewk Kvj a‡i mvwnZ¨ mvabvq

eªZx wQ‡jb| Zuvi cwiPq †Kej MíKvi I Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e bq| wZwb bvUK wj‡L‡Qb, Abyev`

K‡i‡Qb| mvsevw`K wn‡m‡eI wZwb mycwiwPZ|

wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ A½‡b we‡kl cwiwPwZ I Av‡jvwPZ nb ÔfvIqvj M‡oi DcvL¨vbÕ wj‡L| Zuvi

Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨vm n‡”Q: ÔcÙv †gNbv hgybvÕ, ÔmsKi msKxZ©bÕ, ÔcÖcÂÕ, Ô†`qvjÕ| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MíMÖš’

n‡”Q: ÔAveyRvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi †kªô MíÕ, Ô†kl ivwÎi ZvivÕ, ÔGK †Rvov c¨v›U I Ab¨vb¨Õ, Ôiv‡Rb VvKz‡ii

Zx_©hvÎvÕ BZ¨vw`| Zuvi ÔAvZ¥¯§„wZÕ Amvgvb¨ MÖš’|

mvwnZ¨ I mvsevw`KZvq K…wZZ¡c~Y© Ae`v‡bi ^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e wZwb RxeÏkvq Ôevsjv GKv‡WgxÕ, Ôgy³avivÕ

BZ¨vw` mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi I ÔGKz‡k c`KÕ †c‡q‡Qb|

Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi Rb¥ XvKv †Rjvi KvwjM‡Ä 1919 wLª÷v‡ã Ges g„Zz 1988 wLª÷v‡ã| XvKv †Rjvi GKwU evrmwiK c −veb AÂj| kxZj¶¨v b`xi yÕZxi a‡i gvBj `yÕgvBj wfZi ch©š— †Wv‡e bv| el©vi Av‡iv wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv gykwKj| yÕgvBj †h‡Z cuvP gvBj Nyi‡Z nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MÖvg ixwZgZ Øxc n‡q hvq| XyK‡Z bvI-†Kv›`v jv‡M| †QvU cvwb cvivcvi nIqvi Rb¨ †Kv_vI euv‡ki muv‡Kv, †Kv_vI Kv‡Vi cyj Av‡Q| I¸‡jv cvivcvi n‡Z †Uªwbs Avek¨K| Abf¨‡ —i Rb¨ cÖvq †¶‡Î I¸‡jv cyj‡mivZ| muv‡Kv‡Z DaŸ©c‡¶ `yÕ†Uv euvk cvkvcvwk cvZv, wb‡P †Rvovq †Rvovq AvovAvwo †cuvZv euv‡ki LuywU| a‡i Pjvi Rb¨ cv‡k nvjKv euvk KLbI _v‡KI bv| ga¨c‡_ hvIqvi ci nq †Zv †`Lv †Mj cv‡qi wbP gvÎ GKwU euvk| Ab¨wU DavI n‡q †M‡Q| PovgvÎ muv‡Kv gvwSgvj −vnxb wWwO †bŠ‡Kvi gZv †emvgvj bo‡Z _v‡K| Kv‡Vi cy‡ji Ae ’vI cÖvq IiKg| Mi“-QvMj cvivcvi nIqvi d‡j GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B cy‡ji ev‡ivUv ev‡R| cv‡qi wb‡Pi Pvi Z³v †f‡O yÕZ³v GgbwK GK Z³vI n‡q hvq| †Kv_vI Z³v A „k¨ n‡q hvq, cvkvcvwk yÕLÊ euvk ’vcb K‡i ms‡hvM ’vcb Kiv nq| `ye©j LuywUi Ici ¯’vwcZ Gme Kv‡Vi cy‡j PovgvÎ ey‡ov gvby‡li uv‡Zi g‡Zv LULU b‡o| †gvUK_v kZKiv AvwkRb MÖvgevmxi Avw_©K w¯’wZI eo boe‡o| cy‡ji wb‡P A‰_ cvwbi †mªvZ| cv dm‡K co‡j wec`| muvZvi bv Rvb‡j Av‡iv †ewk wec`| KwjgwÏ GjvKvi `dv`vi| wek evBk eQi eq‡m BDwbqb †ev‡W©i `dv`vwi‡Z Xy‡KwQj| ZLb n‡Z †m KwjgwÏ `dv`vi bv‡g cwiwPZ| GLb eqm cÖvq lvU, Pzj `vwo‡Z cvK a‡i‡Q| eqmKv‡j †m jvwV †LjZ| GLb †m jvwV †L‡j bv, wKš‘ HwZn¨iƒ‡c evewi Pzj iv‡L|



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evsjv msKjb 86

†PŠwK`v‡ii m ©vi `dv`vi MÖvgvÂ‡ji GKwU gh©v`vevb c`| gh©v`v †m cvqI| †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K `dv`vi mve

Wv‡K| wKš‘ c`gh©v`vi fvi Zvi evo evovqwb| Zvi AvPvi-AvPiY mnR, mij| nvjKv miwmZvq imcUz|

†hŠe‡b ivZ †R‡M cuyw_ coZ| mßv‡n GKw`b Zv‡K _vbvq nvwRiv w`‡Z nq| †mLv‡bI †PŠwK`v‡ii

Ic‡i Zvi gvbgh©v`v| eo `v‡ivMv Ges BDwbqb †ev‡W©i †cÖwm‡W›U †g¤v‡iiv Zv‡K Zzwg e‡jb,

†k‡lv³‡ì †KD †KD Avcwb e‡jI m¤§vb K‡ib| †PŠwK`vi‡ì K‡ib ZzB-Zzgwi GgbwK hv‡”QZvB

MvwjMvjvRI| KwjgwÏ `dv`v‡ii evwo ej‡Z GKwU Q‡bi Ni Ges ZvjcvZvi QvDwb †`qv GKwU GKPvjv cvKv Ni, mvg‡b GK dvwj D‡Vvb| Zvi mvg‡b cuvPKvVv cwigvY RvqMv| †mwU‡Z †m ÔAv¸BbvÕ wPZvi Pvl K‡i| jZvi wb‡Pi g~j KweivwR Ily‡ai Dcv`vb| kn‡ii KviLvbvq fvj `vg cvIqv hvq| Pv‡li Rwg mvgvb¨| gvm- yÕgv‡mi †LvivwK nq| evwK msermi wK‡b †L‡Z nq| ¿x I cyÎKb¨v wb‡q cuvPR‡bi msmvi, †eZb mvgvb¨| K‡qKwU Avg, KuvVvj, †cqviv I †cu‡c MvQ AwZwi³ Av‡qi Drm| Avi Av‡Q GKwU †QvU Mvfx Ges ¯¿xi GKwU QvMj I †gviM nuvm `yÕPviwU| we‡qv‡j MvfxwU †ò yÕ†mi ya †`q| Ava †mi †i‡L evwK †m mKv‡ji evRv‡i †e‡P| Gfv‡e Kvq‡µ‡k msmvi P‡j| avb-Pv‡ji `vg evo‡j D‡cvm-K‡cvmI Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q aviK‡g©i Rb¨ nvZ †c‡Z `dv`vi Zvi gh©v`v †Lvqvq bv| Pig yw ©‡bI †m ùzwZ©evR gvbyl| evRv‡ii Pv †`vKv‡b e‡m †m mK‡ji g‡Zv iwmKZv K‡i, iwmKZvi RvnvR Zvi gw —®‹| 1971 mvj| fv‡`ªi †kl| Kvbvq Kvbvq fiv c−ve‡bi cvwb| hy‡×i c_gw`‡KB Lvb †mbviv _vbv mì `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj| _vbvi KvQvKvwQ XvKv-PÆMÖvg †ijI‡q| wKQz`~i †h‡Z b`xi Ici cyj| AÂ‡ji wbivcËv eë ’v Av‡iv „p Kivi j‡¶¨ m¤cÖwZ Iiv wfZ‡iI cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| KwjgwÏ `dv`v‡ii †evW© Awdm kxZj¶¨vi Zxi evRv‡i| b`xi Icv‡i-Icv‡i †ek wKQz eo eo Kj-KviLvbv| I¸‡jv kvm‡bi myweav‡_© GK`j Lvb †mbv evRvimsjMœ nvB ¯‹zjwU‡K QvDwb K‡i wb‡q‡Q| b`xi Icv‡i wg‡ji †i÷ nvD‡R Avi GKwU QvDwb| euvab LyeB k³| Zey †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv iv‡Î ¸wjwewbgq nq| †Kv_v n‡Z †Kvb c‡_ †Kgb K‡i gyw³‡dŠR Av‡m, AvµgY K‡i Ges cÖwZ AvµgY Ki‡j †Kv_vq nvIqv n‡q hvq, Lvb †mbviv Zvi inm¨ †f` Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| KLbI KLbI LZibvg Ae ’vi g‡a¨ co‡Z nq| nvUevRv‡ii †jvKRb, wgj d¨v±wii kªwgK, †`vKvb`vi ¯‹zj gv÷vi, QvÎ mKj‡K KvZvie›`x K‡i e› y‡Ki bj DuwP‡q wRÁvmvev` Ki‡Q, Ôgyw³ wKavi n¨vq †ev‡jv|Õ GK DËi Iiv Rv‡b bv|

Aí w`b Av‡MB GKUv LZibvK NUbv N‡U‡Q| evRv‡ii cwðg-`w¶‡Y K‡qK Ni MÜewYK evo–B RvZxq

wn› yi evm| †m MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv b`xi Nv‡U mœvb K‡i| Kvco †avq Ges fiv Kjmx Kuv‡L evwo †d‡i|

evRv‡ii Aí `w¶‡Y I‡ì NvU| QvqvNb euvkSvo, mycvwiMvQ, KjvMvQ, cv‡bi eiR cÖf„wZi wfZi w`qv

BDwbqb †ev‡W©i AcÖk¯’ moK Gu‡K‡eu‡K G‡m b`x Nv‡U †b‡g‡Q| Lvb †mbviv evRv‡ii DË‡i ¯‹zj N‡i|

nvU-evRvi GLb Avi †Zgb R‡g bv| Lvb †mbv‡ì MwZwewa I Ae ’v‡bi †LuvR-Lei wb‡q eDwSiv Nv‡U

Av‡m| †LuvRLei wb‡qB †mw`b ga¨v‡ ý Nv‡U G‡mwQj Mwie weaev nwigwZ Ges Zvi hyeZx †g‡q mygwZ| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 87

RvqMv Rwg †bB| Iiv ivZfi †XuwK‡Z wPov Kz‡U, w`‡b gywo fv‡R| wPov-gywo †e‡P Iiv w`b ¸Rivb

K‡i| AfvMv †hLv‡b hvq mvMi ïwK‡q hvq, G iKg GKUv K_v Av‡Q| yf©vM¨ I‡ì; m‡e fiv Kjmx

Kuv‡L Av &ª© e‡ ¿ b`xi fv½ybwZ †f‡O Ic‡i D‡V evwoi c_ a‡i‡Q wVK †m mgqUv‡ZB cuvPRb hg ~‡Zi

†Pv‡L c‡o Iiv- gv †g‡q| e›`zK Kuv‡a cuvPRb Lvb †mbv moK c‡_ `w¶Y †_‡K G‡m Dcw¯’Z nq †PŠiv —

vi ms‡hvM ’‡j|

nwigwZ I mygwZ gvwUi Kjmx KuvL †_‡K †d‡j cwðg w`‡K †`Šo! †`Šo! QvqvNb AuvKveuvKv c‡_ Iiv RxebcY †`Š‡ov‡”Q †Zv †`Š‡ov‡”QB| AvZ¥i¶v Ki‡ZB n‡e| e› yK Kuv‡a wb‡qB Lvb †mbviv I‡ì cðv×veb K‡i| nwigwZ I mygwZ GK bRi cðvwÏ‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡iv †e‡M †`Šovq| Avkcv‡ki †jvKRb H „k¨ †`‡L evwoNi †Q‡o †Sv‡c-R½‡j AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i| †cvqvZx †g‡qiv µ›`biZ wkïi gyL †P‡c a‡i| Av ª© e‡¯¿ gvBjLv‡bK †`Š‡ovevi ci gv †g‡q yÕR‡bi GKRbI Avi †`Š‡ov‡Z cv‡i bv| iv¯—vi Wvb w`‡K cÖvBgvwi ¯‹zj| Avkª‡qi Avkvq Iiv ¯‹zj N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| ¯‹zj Ni RbcÖvYxk~b¨| †`qv‡j Uv½v‡bv e − vK‡ev‡W© Lwo gvwU‡Z Klv GKUv Aa©mgvß A¼ Qvov Avi wKQz †Pv‡L c‡o bv| GKUv Quy‡Pv Bu yi I‡ì †`‡L cvwj‡q hvq| Pvi PviUv ìRv Ges me¸‡jv Rvbvjv †Lvjv| nwigwZ, mygwZ Xy‡K `g †bqvi Av‡MB Lvb †mbv‡ì ey‡Ui `vcU ïb‡Z cvq| IivI wKQz¶Y `g †bq| Pvwiw`‡K cÖvPxi| mk ¿ wkKvix Ges wkKvi `yBUvB wfZ‡i| wKQz¶Y gv †g‡qi AvZ©bv` I‡V| c‡i wbtkã n‡q hvq ¯‹zj Ni| nwigwZ mygwZ‡K Iiv nZ¨v K‡i bv| i³v³ AÁvb Ae ’vq †d‡j Lvb †mbviv ivB‡dj Kuv‡a ¯‹zj Ni Z¨vM K‡i| iv —vq c‡o K‡qK cv G‡Mv‡ZB ¸wji kã nq| †Kvb w`K †_‡K Avm‡Q Vvni Kivi Av‡MB GKR‡bi gv_vi Lywj D‡o hvq| Ôgyw³ Av wMqv, Bqv AvjxÕ wPrKvi K‡i †diZ evwK PviRb DaŸ©k¦v‡m †`Šovq| Av‡iv GKR‡bi Di“i gvsm wQu‡o ¸wj †ewi‡q hvq| wbnZ m½x‡K cðv‡Z †d‡j †i‡L evwK PviRb †Kvbµ‡g QvDwb‡Z wd‡i Av‡m| †mw`b †_‡K GjvKvq gyw³‡dŠR wbab KvR ïi“ nq| †ivR `j †eu‡a †e‡ivq Lvb †mbviv| evRv‡i wgwjUvwi †XvKvi ci †_‡KB KwjgwÏ `dv`v‡ii Ici †evW© Awdm †Lvjvi fvi c‡o‡Q| A‡c¶vK…Z Kgeq¯‹ †Pqvig¨vb, fvBm †Pqvig¨vb wgwjUvwii f‡q cviZc‡¶ Gw`‡K Av‡mb bv| †g¤viMYI AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †evW© Awdm wbqwgZ †Lvjv ivLvi ûKzg Rvwi Av‡Q| KwjgwÏ G KvR Kivi Rb¨ evRv‡i Av‡m| Lvb †mbviv I‡KB I‡ì Awfhv‡bi m½x K‡i †bq| †m miKvwi †jvK, wbqwgZ bvgvR c‡o Ges hv ûKzg nq Zv cvjb K‡i| myZivs mv‡›`‡ni KviY †bB| †mw`b †_‡K `dv`vi w`‡bi †ejv evwo †h‡Z cv‡i bv| evRv‡iB †L‡Z nq Zv‡K| LvIqvi Rb¨ †ivR wZb UvKv cvq †m| Lvb †mbviv wK ivRvKv‡i fwZ© K‡i wb‡q‡Q? gwjgwÏ Zvi wKQz Rv‡b bv| †m Zvi ¯^vfvweK nvwmgy‡L Lvb †mbv‡ì m½x n‡q †hw`K †h‡Z e‡j hvq| †m Avo-KvwV, Av‡M Av‡M c_ †`wL‡q wb‡q hvq wWDwU| evRv‡ii †jvKRb KLbI KLbI Zv‡K Aby‡hvM †`q, `dv`vi fvB Avc‡bI?



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evsjv msKjb 89

nuv, nuv, GK wd÷ û Rv‡qMv, A‡bïv †n‡m mg_©b Rvbvq| Iiv c‡_i `yÕav‡ii evwoN‡i DuwKSuywK Ges †Sv‡c R½‡j ¸wj Qz‡o nÏ nq| GKRb gyw³i mÜvbI cvIqv hvq bv| †ejv ZLb ev‡ivUv nVvr KgvÊvi wb‡ ©k †`q, në! GK, †`v! mvg‡b Kv‡Vi cyj| `yÕw`K †_‡K wZwik wWwMÖ A¨v‡½‡j Lvov n‡q wKQz ~‡i IVvi ci gvSLv‡b mgZ‡j wb‡P c−vweZ Lvj Ges yÕw`‡Ki evIqv av‡bi †LZ, D×Z av‡bi kxl cvwbi m‡½ Zvj †i‡L †e‡o Pj‡Q| cy‡ji DËi-`w¶‡Y hZ ~i „wó hvq Lvj Ges c−vweZ avb‡¶Z Gu‡K‡eu‡K ’v‡b ¯’v‡b Ak¦Ly‡ii AvKv‡i wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i GwM‡q P‡j‡P| cy‡ji Ici w`‡q gvbyl Ges QvMj-Mi“-cvivcvi nq, wb‡P w`‡q P‡j bvI-†Kv›`v| Nb MvQcvjv †ewóZ yÕcv‡ii MÖvg †ek DuPz‡Z| bevM‡Zi Kv‡Q cve©Z¨ AÂj g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| Avm‡j GUvB fvIqvj ciMYvi f~wgweb¨vm êwkó¨| ¯’vbxq †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q DuPz wUjv¸‡jv †UK bv‡g cwiwPZ| hy× ’jiƒ‡c wbw`©ó mvg‡bi MÖv‡gi Ae ’vcbœ Nievwo Gcv‡o uvwo‡qI †`Lv hvq| †PŠPvjv wU‡bi N‡ii Uzqv my úó| cyjUv bv †cwi‡q I MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek Kivi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| el©vKv‡j MÖvgUv Rj‡ewóZ Øxc| Pwj‡q ûRyi! KwjgwÏ `dv`vi e‡j| gMi! AvIi KzB iv —v †bwn `dv`vi? KgvÛvi wRÁvmv K‡i| †bwn ûRyi! †m‡id GKwn iv —v| evwK Pv‡iv Zid cvwb| `dv`vi Rvbvq| B‡q cyj Av”Qv n¨vq! wR, nu v, ûRyi, eûZ Av”Qv n¨vq| gvbyl Mi“ nv‡gkv cvi †nvZv n¨vq| gvjyg †nvZv cyj‡mivZ| wVK n¨vq; Zzg Av‡M P‡jv `dv`vi| eûZ Av”Qv ûRyi|

KwjgwÏ `dv`vi cy‡ji Ici I‡V| yÕwZb eQi Av‡M BDwbqb †ev‡W©i mvnv‡h¨, wKQz MÖvgevmxi Puv`vq

ˆZwi wZb Z³vi cyj| cÖvq RvqMvq bvU-eëz wXjv n‡q †M‡Q| RvqMvq RvqMvq Mv‡qeI n‡q †M‡Q| a‡i

Pjvi Rb¨ yÕw`‡K euv‡ki aiwb †bB| Kv‡Vi LuywUi †Mvovq cPb aivq ’v‡b ’v‡b euv‡ki wVKv †`qv

n‡q‡Q| Iici weQv‡bv Z³vI big, c‡PI †M‡Q `y-GK RvqMvq, wKš‘ MÖv‡gi †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q wec¾bK bq,

Avi hw` KLbI Z³vmy× wb‡P c‡oB hvq †KD muvZvi †K‡U cv‡o DV‡e| †QvU †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡qiv cy‡ji

Ici †_‡K jvwd‡q c‡o Lv‡ji R‡j Suvcywo †L‡j| Avm‡j cyjUv †Zgb GKUv boe‡o bq, gvbyl Mi“

Ic‡i DV‡j wKQz Kuv‡c-Kuvcv‡j Av‡iv †ewk Kuv‡c-Kuvcwb GKUv msµvgK e¨wa wKbv ZvB|

KwjgwÏ GKcv yÕcv K‡i AwZ mveav‡b GwM‡q hvq Ges wcQb w`‡K gyL wdwi‡q e‡j, AvB‡qb ûRyi|

ûRy‡iiv Ic‡i I‡Vb bv, cy‡ji †Mvovq uvwo‡q KwjgwÏi cv y‡Uvi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`q| KwjgwÏ

`dv`vi hZ GwM‡q hvq, Zvi c`hyMj wbcyY Awf‡bZvi c`hyM‡ji g‡Zv VKVK Kuv‡c, cyj Kuv‡c wØ¸Y

Zv‡j| DaŸ©v‡ivnY †k‡l Ic‡ii mgZj RvqMvUzKz| †mLvbKvi wZb Z³vi GKcv‡kiwU c‡P †M‡Q| Zvi GKwU bvU eëzI †bB| wb‡Pi eiMvwUi Kvbv RvqMvwUI †d‡U †M‡Q|



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evsjv msKjb 90

KwjgwÏ `dv`vi wK †f‡e wb‡Pi w`‡K GK bRi ZvKvq−Lv‡ji Zxeª †mªvZ Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjv †bB

†mLv‡b| cigyn~‡Z© AvZ©bv‡ì g‡Zv KÉ ^‡i Ôgyw³ gyw³Õ ej‡Z ej‡Z cPv Z³vm‡gZ wb‡P c‡o hvq|

Lv‡ji R‡j GKUv Szc kã nq| m‡½ m‡½ wecixZ w`K †_‡K ¸wj el©Y ïi“ nq| cwRkb wb‡q cvëv

¸wjel©‡Yi Av‡MB aivkvqx nq yÕwZbRb| Zvic‡iI wKQz¶Y †Mvjv¸wj P‡j, wKš‘ hy×‡¶‡Î bq cjvqY

c‡_i yÕw`‡K G‡jvcvZvwo| †h KÕRb hy× Ki‡Z wM‡qwQj QvDwb‡Z †m KÕRb A¶Z †d‡i bv|

KwjgwÏ‡K Avevi †`Lv hvq †lvjB wW‡m¤i mÜ¨vq evRv‡ii Pv ÷‡j| Zvi m½xiv mevB gyw³, †m-B ïay

Zvi cyi‡bv miKvwi †cvkv‡K mK‡ji cwiwPZ KwjgwÏ `dv`vi|

kãv_© I UxKv

bvI - †bŠKv †Kv›`v - ZvjMvQ w`‡q ˆZwi †bŠKv| cyj‡mivZ - ciKv‡ji wec¾bK muv‡Kv we‡kl| `dv`vi - †PŠwK`v‡ii mi`vi| evo evov - J×Z¨, evovevwo, ¯úa©v| ÔAv¸BbvÕ wPZv - †flR Dw™¢` we‡kl| LZibvK - wec¾bK, gvivZ¥K| MÜewYK - MÜ`ªe¨-eëmvqx| evoyB - N‡ii Pvj PvIqv wgw ¿| Lvb †mbv - Lvb c`weavix †mbv A_v©r cvwK —vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx| fv½ybwZ - b`xi cv‡oi fvObkxi Ask| gyw³ Av wMqv - gyw³evwnbx G‡m c‡o‡Q| ivRvKvi - †¯^”Qv‡meK, gyw³hy‡×i cvwK¯—vwb evwnbxi mnvqZvKvix `vjvj| `dv`vi ZvB Avc‡bI - `dv`vi fvB, AvcwbI †kl ch©š— `vjvwj ïi“ Ki‡jb? gyw³we‡ivax Awfhvb - gyw³‡hv×v‡ì ZrciZvwe‡ivax Awfhvb| ivB‡dj †iÄ - ivB‡d‡ji ¸wjwe× Kivi AvIZv| gyw³! gyw³! - gyw³‡hv×v! gyw³‡hv×v! Kuvnv? Kuvnv? - †Kv_vq, †Kv_vq? WvBbv Zid †`‡Lv - Wvb w`‡K †`L| †bwn - bv, bq| D‡qv ivLvj n¨vq - I n‡”Q ivLvj| †giv †PbvRvbv n¨vq - Avgvi †PbvRvbv (Av‡Q)|

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evsjv msKjb 91

Pyc ivI mv‡j Kv‡di

Kv ev”Pv Kv‡di - Pzc _vK, kvjv Kv‡d‡ii ev”Pv, Kv‡di|

gyw³, Avjer gyw³ - gyw³evwnbx, Aek¨B gyw³evwnbx|

Avwf - GLb|

bvI uvov - †bŠKv Pjvi †QvU Lv‡ji g‡Zv c_|

B‡q eKwi eûZ LyemyiZ

AvIi ZvRv, Iqvcm Rv‡b

†K IqvKZ....mg‡R... - GB eKwi fvwi my›`i Avi ZvRv, †divi mg‡q... ey‡S‡Q .....|

GK wd÷ û Rv‡qMv - GKUv fvj †fvR n‡q hv‡e|

Uzqv - N‡ii Pv‡ji kxl©|

Pwj‡q - Pjyb|

gMi! AvIi KzB iv —v

†bwn `dv`vi? - wKš‘ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv iv¯—v wK †bB, `dv`vi?

†bwn ûRyi! †m‡id GKwn

iv —v! evwK Pv‡iv Zid cvwb - bv ûRyi! †Kej GKwU gvÎB iv¯—v| evwK Pvi cv‡k cvwb|

B‡q cyj Av”Qv n¨vq? - GB cyj wK wVK Av‡Q?

gvjyg †nv cyj‡mivZ - g‡b n‡”Q †h cyj‡mivZ|

aiwb - aivi Aej¤b|

eiMvi Kvbv RvqMv - AvovAvwo jvMv‡bv Kv‡Vi fvOv gyL|

evM&aviv cÖev` I cÖePb cvK aiv - †c‡K IVv, Pzj `vwo BZ¨vw` mv`v n‡Z ïi“ Kiv|

evo evov - ¯úa©v nIqv|

hv‡”Q ZvB - hv B”Qv ZvB, Ab¨vq ev AmsMZ e¨vcvi, wekªx, wbK…ó|

nvIqv nIqv - DavI nIqv, A`„k¨ nIqv|

LZibvK Ae ’v - msKURbK Ae ’v|

KvZview›` - mvwie× Kiv|

AfvMv †hw`‡K hvq mvMi

ïwK‡q hvq - g›` fv‡M¨i †jvK me©ÎB wbivk nq|

G‡jvcvZvwo - wek„•Ljfv‡e|



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evsjv msKjb 92

Drm I cwiwPwZ AveyRvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi ÔKwjgwÏ `dv`viÕ MíwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q gyw³hy× welqK Mí-msKjb Ôgyw³hy‡×i

MíÕ †_‡K|

GB M‡í ewY©Z n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡j cvwK —vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbôzi ee©iZvi Qwe| `Lj`vi

evwnbxi wei“‡× mk¯¿ gyw³evwnbxi exiZ¡c~Y© msMÖv‡gi cÖZ¨¶ Qwe GB M‡í ewY©Z bv n‡jI Zv‡ì ye©vi

cÖwZ‡iva-ZrciZv ¯úóZ:B Kvwnbx‡Z Abyfe Kiv hvq| 1971 Gi gnvb gyw³hy‡× MÖvg GjvKvi Avbmvi,

†PŠwK`v‡iivI †h KL‡bv cÖZ¨¶ KL‡bv c‡iv¶ †KŠk‡j AZ¨š— †Mvc‡b cvwK —vwb `Lj`vi evwnbxi wei“‡×

jovB‡q gyw³‡hv×v‡ì bvbvfv‡e mnvqZv K‡iwQj †mB ev —eZvB wkí-mZ¨ n‡q †`Lv w`‡q‡Q ÔKwjgwÏ

`dv`viÕ M‡í| Abykxjbg~jK KvR mvwnZ¨‡eva ivR‰bwZK Mí †h me ivR‰bwZK S‡ov nvIqv RvZxq cvjve`j iPbv K‡i| wkíx mvwnwZ¨‡Kiv †m me NUbv †_‡K gyL

wdwi‡q _v‡Kb bv| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×I Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡b GK gnvb HwZnvwmK I ivR‰bwZK

Zvrch©gq NUbv| gyw³hy‡×i †MŠieMvav wb‡q †jLv n‡q‡Q †ek wKQz Dcb¨vm, eû †QvUMí I AmsL¨

KweZv|

†jLK hLb ivR‰bwZK NUbv wb‡q m„Rbkxj mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib, ZLb A‡bK mgq mvgwqK D‡ËRbvi

†gvn Zuv‡K Av”Qbœ K‡i| Av‡e‡Mi AvwZkh¨ I fv‡ei D”Q¡v‡m wZwb A‡bK mgq mshg nvwi‡q †d‡jb|

d‡j Zv mvgwqKfv‡e RbwcÖq n‡jI ’vwbK I KvwiK mxgv‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

wKš‘ mv_©K †jLK ivR‰bwZK welq wb‡q wjL‡jI Zvi j¶¨ _v‡K gvbe-ü`‡qi MfxiZg mËv‡K dzwU‡q

†Zvjv AveyRvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi GB M‡í ivR‰bwZK msK‡Ui †h wPÎ Zv‡Z DËvj NbNUv †bB,

Ø›Ø−msNv‡Zi AvwZkh¨, †`k‡cÖwg‡Ki fv‡ev”Q¡vm, wKsev exi‡Z¡i evnv ywi| eis cvwK —vwb nvbv`vi

evwnbxi AgvbweK Ab¨v‡qi gy‡L RbM‡Yi AmnvqZv, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cÖwZ‡iva hy‡×i Bw½Zgq Dc ’vcbv

Ges KwjgwÏ `dv`v‡ii g‡bi Mfx‡i wbwnZ cÖKvknxb †`k‡cÖ‡gi Qwe Gu‡K †jLK ivR‰bwZK NUbvi

†cÖ¶vc‡U gvbeRxe‡bi wPivqZ gwngv‡KB wkíi~c w`‡q‡Qb|

fvlv Abykxjb Aw¯—evPK evK¨‡K †bwZevPK ev‡K¨ i~cvš—i: Aw — : †Kv_vI Z³v A „k¨ n‡q hvq|

†bwZ : †Kv_vI Z³v A „k¨ bv n‡q hvq bv|

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evsjv msKjb 93

Aw — : Kv‡Vi cy‡ji Ae ’vI IiKg|

†bwZ : Kv‡Vi cy‡ji Ae ’vI AbïKg bq|

Aw — : avb Pv‡ji `vg evo‡j D‡cvm Ki‡Z nq|

†bwZ : avb Pv‡ji avg evo‡j D‡cvm bv K‡i P‡j bv| †bwZevPK evK¨‡K Aw¯—evPK Ôev‡K¨ i~cvš—i : †bwZ : GK cv y cv K‡i bv GwM‡q cv‡i bv|

Aw — : GK cv y cv K‡i GwM‡q †h‡ZB nq|

†bwZ : Z³vmy×B †m wb‡P bv c‡o cvij bv|

Aw — : Z³vmy×B †m wb‡P c‡o †Mj|

†bwZ : KwjgwÏ †m me Rv‡b bv|

Aw — : KwjgwÏ-i †m me ARvbv|

evbvb mZ©KZv P› ªwe› y| evsjvq A‡bK k‡ãi P›`ªwe›`y Avm‡j Zrmg k‡ãi AvbybvwmK aŸwbi (O, b, g, s) cwiewZ©Z i~c| †hgb:

euvk < esk nuvm < nsm

cuvP < cÂ Kuvcb < K¤úb

muv‡Kv < msµg euvab < eÜb

ùvZ < `š—

wb‡Pi kã¸‡jvi evbv‡b P› ªwe› y bv w`‡j fyj n‡e: Lyuwo, uvwo, DuwP‡q, AuvKveuvKv, Gu‡K‡eu‡K, †XuwK, Kuva, Qzu‡Zv, Bu`yi, DuPz, muvZvi|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. ÔAv¸Bbv wPZv Kx? K. wnsmª cÖvYx we‡kl L. †flR Dw™¢ M. R¡jš— k¥kvb N. w¶cÖ †hv×v 2. KwjgwÏ `dv`v‡ii †evW© AwdmwU †Kv_vq? K. mì iv —v msjMœ L. kxZj¶¨vi Zx‡i M. †ij‡÷k‡bi cv‡k N. nvB¯‹z‡ji cv‡k 3. KwjgwÏ `dv`vi Zvi KvR‡K gh©`vc~Y© g‡b Kivi KviY- i. †g¤^viiv Avcwb e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb ii. _vbvi `v‡ivMv m¤§vb Ki‡Zb iii. `dv`v‡ii KvRwU A‡bK m¤§v‡bi



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evsjv msKjb 94

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. Lvb‡mbviv LZibvK Ae ’vi g‡a¨ coZ †Kb?

K. G †`‡ki iv —vNvU m¤ú‡K© aviYvi Afve|

L. gyw³‡mbvi G‡jvcv_vwo Avµg‡Yi Kvi‡Y|

M. Zv‡ì muvZvi Rvbv wQ‡jv bv|

N. Zv‡ì †Mwijv †Uªwbs wQ‡jv bv|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|

Lv‡ji Icv‡i KvRjWv½v MÖvg| mKv‡j wM‡q †`Lv †Mj MÖvgwU jÊfÊ| Nievwo cywo‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q|

wf‡U¸‡jv Luv Luv Ki‡Q| cv‡kB GKwU Lv‡ji cv‡o wKQz jvk c‡o Av‡Q| i‡³i aiv wM‡q wg‡k‡Q

Lv‡ji cvwb‡Z|

5. ewY©Z wPÎKíwU ÔKwjgwÏ `dv`viÕ M‡íi †h NUbvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv n‡jv-

i. Lvb‡mbv‡ì bviKxq nZ¨vhÁ

ii. gyw³hy‡× kÎ“ evwnbxi AZ¨vPvi

iii. Lvb‡mbv‡ì hy‡×i `¶Zv


K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 6. Dwj −wLZ NUbvi Kvwe¨K w`K wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZvs‡k cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K. ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg

AÜKv‡i Luv Luv mxgv‡š— gyw³‡mbvi †Pv‡Li wSwjK

L. Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j †n ¯vaxbZv,

QvÎvevm, ew — DRvo n‡jv, wiK‡qj&‡jm ivB‡dj Avi †gwkbMvb LB †dvUv‡jv hÎZÎ|

M. ¯^vaxbZv nxbZvq †K euvwP‡Z Pvq ‡n

†K euvwP‡Z Pvq

N. ¯^vaxbZv Zzwg

cZvKv †kvwfZ †k −vMvbgyLi SuvSv‡jv wgwQj www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 95

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. ÒZzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ^vaxbZv, mvwKbv wewei Kcvj fvO‡jv, wmuw_i wmu yi gy‡Q †Mj nwi`vmxi| Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ^vaxbZv, kn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ G‡jv `vb‡ei g‡Zv wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Zzwg Avm‡e e‡j, †n ^vaxbZv QvÎvevm, ew¯— DRvo n‡jv| wiK‡qj‡jm ivB‡dj Avi †gwkbMvb LB †dvUv‡jv hÎZÎ|Ó K. `dv`vi c`wU Kx? L. Lvb‡mbviv KwjgwÏ `dv`vi‡K Zv‡ì Awfhv‡bi m½x wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bq †Kb? M. KweZvskwUi 2q I 3q PiY ÔKwjgwÏ `dv`viÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`K‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? N. KweZvskwU †hb ÒKwjgwÏ `dv`vi M‡í KveïƒcÓ-g~j¨vqb Ki|

2. evsjvi el©v| wf‡U¸‡jv Qvov mg¯— MÖvg cvwbi wb‡P| Kvjy gvwS †`kcÖxwZ‡Z wek¦¯—| Lvb‡mbv‡ì Acv‡ik‡b wb‡q hvq †m †bŠKv †e‡q| b`xi Icv‡i gyw³evwnbx Av —vbv †M‡o‡Q| †mUv ¸uwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Lvb‡mbviv cÖ¯‘Z| Acv‡ikb n‡e AvR iv‡ZB| Kvjy gvwSi WvK co‡jv| fiv †Rvqv‡ii b`x| gvS b`x‡Z †bŠKv| A ¿ Avi Lvb‡mbv †evSvB †bŠKvwU nVvr `y‡j D‡V KvZ n‡q †Mj| AvZ©bv` K‡i b`x‡Z c‡o †Mj Lvb‡mbviv| muvZ‡i K~‡j DV‡jv Kvjy gvwS| K¬vš— gy‡L Zvi weRqxi nvwm|

K. Pig yw ©‡bI KwjgwÏ `dv`vi †Kgb gvbyl? L. Ô`dv`vi fvB Avc‡bI?Õ-K_vwU w`‡q Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Kvjy gvwS Ges KwjgwÏ `dv`vi Gi †ckvMZ cv_©K¨ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔKvjy gvwS KwjgwÏ `dv`vi Gi cÖwZ”QweÕ- KwjgwÏ `dv`viÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b gš—e¨wU we‡k −lY Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 96

GKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Kvwnbx ˆmq` IqvjxDj −vn&

†jLK-cwiwPwZ evsjv K_vmvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg i~cKvi, mgvRm‡PZb mvwnZ¨wkíx ˆmq` IqvjxDj −vn 1922 wLªóv‡ãi 15 AvM÷ PÆMÖv‡gi †lvj kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg ˆmq` Avn¤§` Dj −vn I gv‡qi bvg bvwmgv †eMg| ˆmq` IqvjxDj −vn 1939 mv‡j KzwoMÖvg nvB ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶vq DËxY© nb| Zvici 1943 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wWw÷skbmn mœvZK wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Avbylw½K Kvi‡Y 1945 mv‡j GgG cix¶v`v‡b A¶gZv Ges GKB mv‡j mn-m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e KjKvZvi K`Y©UªYªeUf cwÎKvq †hvM`vb Ges Kg‡iW cvewjkvm© cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi Kg©Rxeb ïi“ nq KjKvZvi GKwU weL¨vZ ˆ`wbK cwÎKvi mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e 1947 mv‡j| Gici KivwP I XvKv †eZvi †K‡› ªi evZ©v wefv‡M PvKwi K‡i‡Qb| c‡i cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii ê‡`wkK wefv‡M| Kg©m~‡Î bqvw`wj−, wmWwb, RvKvZ©v I jÛ‡b `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l `xN©w`b c¨vwi‡m Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| †mLv‡b Ae ’vbKv‡j 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zuvi D‡j −L‡hvM¨ mvwnZ¨K‡g©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm Ôjvj mvjyÕ (1948), ÔPuv‡ì Agvem¨vÕ (1964), ÔKuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`vÕ (1968), ÔDcb¨vmÕ; (1951), Ô`yB ZxiÕ (1965), ÔewncxiÕ (1965), ÔZi½f½Õ (1966), ÔmeyRÕ (1964) MíMÖš’ Ges ÔewýcxiÕ I Ômyo½Õ bvUK| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j †eKvi Ae ’vq 1971 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei wZwb c¨vwi‡m g„ZzëiY K‡ib|

aby‡Ki g‡Zv euvKv Kswµ‡Ui cyjwUi c‡iB evwoUv| †`vZjv, DuPz Ges cÖKvÊ evwo| Z‡e iv¯—v †_‡KB mivmwi `Êvqgvb| G‡`‡k dzUcvZ bvB e‡j evwoUviI GKUz Rwg Qvovi f`ªZvi evjvB †bB| Z‡e †mUv wKš‘ evB‡ii †Pnviv| KviY, †cQ‡b A‡bK RvqMv| cÖ_gZ cÖk — DVvb| Zvici cvqLvbv-†MvmjLvbv c‡i Avg-Rvg-KuvVvj Mv‡Q fiv R½‡ji g‡Zv RvqMv| †mLv‡b Kov m~h©v‡jv‡KI m~h©v‡ —i ¤−vb AÜZKvi Ges AvMvQvq Ave„Z gvwU‡Z fvcmv MÜ| AZ RvqMv hLb ZLb mvg‡b wKQz †Q‡o GKUv evMvb Ki‡j Kx †`vl n‡Zv? †m K_vB Giv fv‡e| we‡kl K‡i gwZb| Zvi evMv‡bi eo kL, hwÌ AvR Zv Kíbv‡ZB cyw®úZ n‡q‡Q| †m fv‡e, GKUz Rwg †c‡j †m wb‡RB evMv‡bi g‡Zv K‡i wb‡Zv| hZœ K‡i jvMv‡Zv †gŠmywg dzj, MÜivR-eKzj-nvmbv‡nbv, y-Pvi‡U †Mvjvc| Zvici mÜ¨vi ci Avwcm wd‡i †mLv‡b em‡Zv| GUz Avivg K‡i emevi R‡b¨ nvév †e‡Zi †Pqvi ev K¨vbfv‡mi †WK‡PqviB wK‡b wb‡Zv| Zvicie Mv †X‡j e‡m Mí-¸Re Ki‡Zv| AvgRv‡ì ûKvi Af¨vm| evMv‡bi m¤§vb eRvq †i‡L †m bv nq GKUv gvbvbmB bjIqvjv my „k¨ ¸o¸wo wK‡b wb‡Zv| Kv‡ì Mí-‡cÖwgK| dzidz‡i nvIqvq Zvi KÉ Kvwnbxgq n‡q DV‡Zv| wKsev cy®ú‡mŠi‡f gwì †R¨vrmœviv‡Z Mí bv Ki‡jB ev Kx G‡m †h‡Zv?

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evsjv msKjb 97

Ggwb‡Z †PvL ey‡R e‡mB bxi‡e mvÜ¨Kvjxb wmœ»Zv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zv Zviv| Avwcm †_‡K kªvš— n‡q wd‡i

cÖvq iv —v †_‡KB Po‡Z _vKv †`vZjvq hvevi wmuwo fvO‡Z fvO‡Z gwZ‡bi g‡b Rv‡M Gme K_v|

evwoUv Zviv `Lj K‡i‡Q| Aek¨ jovB bv K‡iB; Zv‡ì mvgwiK kw³ Abygvb K‡i evwoi gvwjK †h

c„ôcÖ k©b K‡iwQj, Zv bq| †`kf‡½i ûRy‡M G kn‡i G‡m Zviv †hgb-†Zgb GKUv †Wivi mÜv‡b

D`qv¯— Nyi‡Q, ZLb GKw`b †`L‡Z cvq evwoUv| mì ìRvq g — Zvjv, wKš‘ mvgvb¨ ch©‡e¶‡Yi ci

eyS‡Z cv‡i evwo‡Z Rbgvbe bvB Ges Zvi gvwjK †`kcjvZK| cwiZ¨³ evwo wPb‡Z †`wi nj bv| wKš‘

Ggb evwo cvIqv wbZvš— †mŠfv‡Mï K_v| †mŠfv‡Mï AvKw¯§K Avwef©v‡e cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì g‡b fqB Dcw¯’Z

nq| †m fq KvU‡Z †`wi nq bv| †mw`b mÜ¨vq Zviv m`je‡j G‡m ìRvi Zvjv †f‡O î- î AvIqvR

Zz‡j evwoUvq cÖ‡ek K‡i| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ZLb êkv‡Li Avg-Kzov‡bv w¶cÖ Db¥v`bv e‡j e¨vcviUv Zv‡ì

Kv‡Q w`b- ycy‡i WvKvwZi g‡Zv g‡b nq bv| †Kvb Aciv‡ai †PZbv hw` ev g‡b RvMvi cÖqvm cvq Zv

weR‡qi Dj−v‡m wb‡g‡l Zz‡jvay‡bv n‡q D‡o hvq|

ciw`b kn‡i LeiUv Qwo‡q co‡j AbvwkªZ‡ì AvMgb ïi“ nq| gv_vi Ici GKUv cvevi Avkvq Zviv

`‡j-`‡j Av‡m|

weR‡qi Dj−vmUv †X‡K Giv e‡j, Kx †`L‡Qb? RvqMv bvB †Kv_vI| me N‡iB weQvbv c‡o‡Q| GB †h

†QvÆ NiwU, Zv‡ZI Pvi-Pvi‡U weQvbv c‡o‡Q| GLb †Zv ïay weQvbv gvÎ| c‡i Q-dzU evB AvovB dzU

PviwU †PŠwK Ges y-GKUv †Pqvi-†Uwej G‡j cv †djvi RvqMv _vK‡e bv|

GKRb me‡e`bvi K‡É e‡j,

Avcbv‡ì ZK&wjd Avgiv eywS bv? GKw`b Avgiv wK Kg Kó †c‡qwQ? Z‡e Avcbv‡ì Kcvj g›`| †mB

n‡”Q Avmj K_v|

hviv nZvk nq Zv‡ì gyL Kv‡jv n‡q I‡V mg‡e`bv fiv Dw³‡Z|

H NiUv?

wb‡Pi Zjvi iv —vi av‡i NiUv Aek¨ LvwjB g‡b nq|

Lvwj †`Lv‡jI Lvwj bq| fvj K‡i †P‡q †`Lyb| †`qv‡ji cv‡k mZiwÄ‡Z euvav y‡Uv †ewWs| †kl

RvqMvUvI y-NÈv nj A¨vKvD›Um Gi †gvUv eì“wÏb wb‡q wb‡q‡Q| kvjvi KvQ †_‡K weQvbvcËi Avb‡Z

†M‡Q| kvjvI Avevi Zvi GK †`v‡¯—i evwoi eviv›`vi Av —vbv †M‡o‡Q| cwievi bv _vK‡j mvjvwUI G‡m

nvwRi nZ|

†bnvZ Kv‡ji K_v| Avevi GKR‡bi KÉ mg‡e`bvq LjLj K‡i I‡V| hw` NÈv y‡qK Av‡M Avm‡Zb

Z‡e eì“wÏb‡K Kjv †`Lv‡Z cvi‡Zb| NiUvq †Zgb Av‡jv †bB e‡U wKš‘ †`Lyb Rvbvjvi cv‡kB

miKvwi Av‡jv| iv‡Z †Kvbw`b B‡jKwUªwmwU †dj Ki‡j †m-Av‡jv‡ZB w`we¨ P‡j hv‡e|

ev wKàbZv hw` Ki‡Z Pvq-

Aek¨ G-me civn~Z evwo-mÜvbx‡ì Kv‡b weler g‡b nq|



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evsjv msKjb 98

h_vmg‡q †eAvvBwb evwo `L‡ji e¨vcviUv Z`viK Kivevi Rb¨ cywjk Av‡m| †mUv ¯vfvweK| †`‡kgq

GKUv †Nvi cwieZ©‡bi Av‡jvob e‡U wKš‘ †Kv_vI †h ixwZgZ g‡Mi gyjyK c‡o‡Q Zv bq| cywjk †`‡L

Zviv fv‡e, cjvZK M„nKZ©v wK evwo D×v‡ii Rb¨ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Q? Z‡e †m-K_v wek¦vm

nq bv y-w`‡bi g‡a¨ evwoUv Lvwj K‡i w`‡q †h †`k †_‡K DavI n‡q †M‡Q eZ©gv‡b Ab¨vb¨ Mfxi

mgm¨vi K_v fveevi Av‡Q| m‡›`n _v‡K †h, cywjk‡K Lei w`‡q‡Q ZvivB hviv mgq g‡Zv GLv‡b bv G‡m

kn‡ii Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖv‡š— wbõjfv‡e evwo `L‡ji wdwK‡i wQj| g›`fv‡Mï K_v gvbv hvq wKš‘ mn¨ Kiv

hvq bv| b¨vh¨ AwaKvi¯^Z¡ GK K_v, Ab¨v‡qi Ici fvM¨ jvf Ab¨ K_v|

wnsmvUv b¨vqm½Z-†Zv g‡b nq-B, KZ©e¨ e‡jI g‡b nq|

Giv i“‡L uvovq|

Avgiv `wi`ª †Kivwb gvbyl e‡U wKš‘ mevB f`ª N‡ii †Q‡j| evwo `Lj K‡iwQ e‡U wKš‘ Rvbvjv-ìRv

fvwO bvB, BU-cv_i Lwm‡q †PvivevRv‡iI Pvjvb K‡i w`B bvB|

AvgivI AvBb-Kvbyb eywS| †K bvwjk K‡i‡Q? evwoIqvjv bq| Z‡e bvwjkUvI h_vh_ bq|

Kv‡ì †Kej KvZi ie †Zv‡i| hv‡ev †Kv_vq? kL K‡i wK GLv‡b G‡m D‡VwQ? m`je‡j mve Bb‡¯ú±i

wd‡i wM‡q bv-nK bv †enK bv-fv‡jv bv-g›` †Mv‡Qi †Nvi-†Nviv‡jv wi‡cvU© †`q hvi gg©v_© D×v‡ii f‡qB

nq‡Zv IciIqvjv Zv dvBj Pvcv †`qv †kªq g‡b K‡i| A_ev eyS‡Z cv‡i, GB ûRy‡Mi mgq Ab¨vqfv‡e

evwo `L‡ji wel‡q miKvwi AvBbUv †hb †Zgb cwi®‹vi †evSv hv‡”Q bv|

Kv‡ì †PvL wU‡c e‡j, mZ¨ K_v ej‡Z †`vl Kx? mve-Bb‡¯ú±‡ii wØZxq eD Avgvi GK iKg AvZ¥xqv|

e‡jv bv KvD‡K wKš‘|

K_vUv Aek¨ Kv‡iviB wek¦vm nq bv| Z‡e AmZ¨wUi †Mvovq †h †Kej GKUv wbg©j Avb‡›ì Dm&Kvwb, Zv

ey‡S Kv‡ì‡K ¶gv Ki‡Z wØav nq bv|

Drdzj− K‡É †KD cÖ —ve K‡i, Kx †n, Pv-wgwóUv n‡q hvK| ivZvivwZ miMig n‡q I‡V cÖKvÊ evwoUv| Av —vbv GKwU †c‡q‡Q Ges †m Av —vbwU †KD nvZ †_‡K †K‡o wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| -ïay G wek¦vmB Zvi KviY bq| †Lvjv-†gjv SiS‡i ZKZ‡K G evwo Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKUv bZzb Rxeb-mÂvi K‡i‡Q †hb| G‡ì A‡b‡KB KjKvZvq e−Kg¨vb †jb-G Lvjvwm cwÆ‡Z, êVKLvbvq `dZwi‡ì cvovq, ˆmq` mv‡jn †jb-G ZvgvK eëmvqx‡ì m‡½ ev Kgi“ Lvbmvgv †jb-G AK_¨ yM©Ü †bvsivi g‡a¨ w`b KvwU‡q‡Qb| Zzjbvq G evwoi eo eo Kvgiv, bxjKzwV `vjv‡bi d¨vkv‡b g — g — Rvbvjv, †Lvjv‡gjv DVvb, Av‡iv †cQ‡b ebR½‡ji g‡Zv Avg-Rvg-KuvVv‡ji evMvb- Gme GKwU wfbœ `ywbqv †hb| Giv jvU‡ejv‡Ui g‡Zv GKLvbv Ni `Lj K‡i bvB mZ¨, Zey GZ Av‡jv evZvm KL‡bv Zviv Dc‡fvM K‡i bvB| Zv‡ì Rxe‡b meyR Z…Y MRv‡e, agbx‡Z mej m‡ZR i³ Avm‡e, nvRvi-`ynvRvi Iqvjv‡ì g‡Zv gy‡L ab-¯v‡ ’ i †RŠjym Avm‡e, †`nI g¨v‡jwiqv-KvjvR¡i-¶q-e¨vwagy³ n‡e| †ivMvcUKv BDbym BwZg‡a¨ Zvi ¯v‡¯’ï cwieZ©b †`L‡Z cvq| †m _vK‡Zv g¨vKwjIW w÷ª‡U| MwjUv †hb mKvj‡ejvi AveR©bv fiv Wv÷web| †m Mwj‡ZB boe‡o ai‡bi GKUv Kv‡Vi †`vZjv evwo‡Z ivbœvN‡ii

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evsjv msKjb 99

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MvQwU nVvr †m evwoi A›`‡ii K_v cÖKvk K‡i‡Q †hb|



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evsjv msKjb 100

G‡ì A‡nZzK ¯—äZv j¶ K‡i †gv`v‡eŸi Avevi û¼vi Qv‡o| fve‡Qv Kx GZ? Dc‡o †d‡jv ejwQ| †KD b‡o bv| wn› y ixwZbxwZ G‡ì †Zgb fvj K‡i Rvbv bvB| ZeyI †Kv_vI ï‡b‡Q †h, wn› yevwo‡Z cÖwZ w`bv‡š— M„nKÎ©x Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡j mÜ¨v cÖ`xc R¡vjvq, Mjvq AvuPj w`‡q cÖYvg K‡i| AvR †h Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡j Nvm MwR‡q D‡V‡Q, †m cwiZ¨³ Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡jI cÖwZmÜ¨vq †KD cÖ xc w`‡Zv| AvKv‡k hLb mÜ¨vZviv ewjô GKvwK‡Z¡ D¾¡j n‡q DV‡Zv, ZLb Nbvqgvb Qvqvi g‡a¨ AvbZ wmu y‡ii bxie i³v³ ¯ú‡k© GKUv kvš—-kxZj cÖ`xc R¡‡j DV‡Zv cÖwZw`b| N‡i `yw`©‡bi So G‡m‡Q, nq‡Zv Kv‡iv Rxeb cÖ xc wb‡f †M‡Q, Avevi nvwm-Avb‡›ì †dvqvivI Qz‡U‡Q myL-mg‡q, wKš‘ G cÖ xc †Ìqv Abyôvb GKw`‡bi RbÏ eÜ _v‡K bvB| †h-M„nKÎ©x eQ‡ii ci eQi G Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Z‡j cÖ xc w`‡q‡Q †m AvR †Kv_vq? gwZb GK mg‡q †ijI‡q‡Z KvR Ki‡Zv| AKvi‡Y Zvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wewfbœ †ijI‡q-cwÆi Qwe †f‡m I‡V| fv‡e, nq‡Zv Avmvb‡mvj, ê`ëvwU, wjjyqv ev nvIovq †ijI‡q-cwÆ‡Z †m gwnjv †Kv‡bv AvZ¥x‡qi N‡i Avkªq wb‡q‡Q| wekvj Bqv‡W©i cv‡k †iv‡` ï‡Kv‡Z-_vKv jvj cv‡oi GKwU gm„Y Kv‡jv kvwo †m †hb †`L‡Z cvq| nq‡Zv †m kvwowU M„nKÎ©xiB| †Kgb welYœfv‡e †m kvwowU †`v‡j ¯í nvIqvq| A_ev gwnjvwU †Kv‡bv PjwZ †Uª‡bi Rvbvjvi cv‡k †hb e‡m| Zvi „wó evB‡ii w`‡K †m „wó †Luv‡R wKQz `~‡i, w`M‡š—i Icv‡i| nq‡Zv Zvi hvÎv GL‡bv †kl nq bvB| wKš‘ †hLv‡bB †m _vKzK Ges Zvi hvÎv GL‡bv †kl n‡q‡Q wK nq bvB, AvKv‡k hLb w`bv‡š—i Qvqv Nwb‡q I‡V ZLb cÖwZw`b G Zzjmx Zjvi K_v g‡b nq e‡j Zvi †PvL nq‡Zv QjgjK‡i I‡V| MZKvj †_‡K BDby‡mi mw`© mw`© fve| †m e‡j, _vK bv IUv| Avgiv †Zv Zv c~Rv Ki‡Z hvw”Q bv| eiÂ N‡i Zzjmx MvQ _vKv fvj| mw`©-K‡d Zvi cvZvi im eoB DcKvix| †gv`v‡eŸi Ab¨‡ì w`‡K ZvKvq| g‡b nq, meviB †hb ZvB gZ| MvQwU Dcov‡bvi R‡b¨ Kv‡iv nvZ GwM‡q Av‡m bv| I‡ì g‡a¨ Gbv‡qZ GKUz †gŠjfx ai‡bi gvbyl| gy‡L `vwo, cuvP Iqv³ bvgvRI Av‡Q, mKv‡j wbqwgZfv‡e KziAvb-†ZjvIqvZ K‡i| †m ch©š— Pzc| cÖwZ mÜ¨vq M„nKÎ©xi mRj †Pv‡Li „k¨wU Zvi g‡bI Rv‡M wK? A¶Z †`‡n Zzjmx MvQwU weivR Ki‡Z _v‡K| Z‡e G‡ì nvZ †_‡K †invB †c‡jI Giv †h Zvi m¤‡Ü ci gyn~‡Z©B Am‡PZbvq wbgw¾Z nq bv bq| eiÂ †Kgb GKUv ye©jZvi fve, KZ©‡eï m¤§y‡L wcQ-cv n‡j †hgb GKUv A¯”Q›`Zv Av‡m, †Zgb GKUv A¯”Q›`Zv Zv‡ì g‡b †R‡M _v‡K| ZviB d‡j †mw`b mvÜ¨ AvÇvq ZK© I‡V| Zviv evKweZÊvi †mªvZ †Zv g‡bi `ye©jZv A¯^”Q›`Zv fvwm‡q w`‡Z Pvq †hb| AvR Ab¨vb¨ w`‡bi g‡Zv ivóª‰bwZK-A_©‰bwZK Av‡jvPbvi e`‡j mv¤cÖ vwqKZvB Zv‡ì cÖavb welqe ‘ n‡q I‡V| -IivB †Zv me wKQzi g~‡j, †gv`v‡eŸi e‡j| Dj½ evj¦-Gi Av‡jvq Zvi mh‡Zœ g‡QvqvK Kiv uvZ SKSK K‡i| Zv‡ì bxPZv nxbZv †MuŠovwgi R‡b¨B †Zv †`kUv fvM n‡jv|

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evsjv msKjb 101

K_vUv bZzb bq| Zey AvR †m Dw³‡Z bZzb GKUv SuvK| Zvi mg_©‡b Gevi wn› y‡ì AwePvi-A_¨vPv‡ii A‡kl „óvš— †ck Kiv nq| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ G‡ì i³ Mig n‡q I‡V, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm msKxY© n‡q Av‡m| `‡ji g‡a¨ evgcš’x e‡j ¯xK…Z gKm„ cÖwZev` K‡i| e‡j, eo evovevwo n‡”Q bv Kx? †gv`v‡eŸ‡ii SKSK ùvZ wSwjK w`‡q I‡V| evovevwo gv‡b? evgcš’x gKmy AvR GKv| ZvB nq‡Zv Zvi wek¦v‡mi KuvUv b‡o| msk‡q y‡j y‡j KuvUvwU Wvb w`‡K †n‡j †_‡g hvq| K‡qKw`b ci ivbœvN‡ii cvk w`‡q hvevi mgq Zzjmx MvQUv †gv`v‡eŸ‡ii bR‡i c‡o| †m GKUz wew¯§Z bv n‡q cv‡i bv| Zvi Z‡j †h AvMvQv R‡b¥wQj †m AvMvQv A „k¨ n‡q †M‡Q| ïay ZvB bq| †m Mvp meyR cvZv¸wj cvwbi Afv‡e ïwK‡q L‡qwi is a‡iwQj, †m cvZv¸wj †Kgb m‡ZR n‡q D‡V‡Q| m‡›`n _v‡K bv †h Zzjmx MvQwUi hZœ wb‡”Q †KD| †LvjvLywjfv‡e bv n‡jI jywK‡q jywK‡q Zvi †Mvovq †KD cvwb w`‡”Q| †gv`v‡eŸ‡ii nv‡Z ZLb GKwU KwÂ| †mwU muv K‡i KPzKvUvi Kvq`vq †m Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Ici w`‡q Pvwj‡q †`q| wKš‘ Ici w`‡qB| Zzjmx MvQwU A¶Z †`‡nB _v‡K| Aek¨ Zzjmx Mv‡Qi K_v †KD D‡j−L K‡i bv| BDby‡mi mw ©-mw © fveUv ciw`b †K‡U wM‡qwQj| Zzjmx cvZvi i‡mi‡Zv cÖ‡qvRb nq bvB Zvi| Zviv †f‡ewQj g¨vKwjIW w÷ªU Lvbmvgv †jb e−Kg¨v‡bi Rxeb mwZ¨B †cQ‡b †d‡j G‡m cÖPzi Av‡jv nvIqvi g‡a¨ bZzb Rxeb ïi“ K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡ì fyjUv fvO‡Z †`wi nq bv| Z‡e ïay ZZLvbB †`wi nq hZLvwb ìKvi, †m wek¦vm „p cÖgvwYZ nevi Rb¨| d‡j AvPw¤Z AvNvZUv cÖ_‡g wb`vi“YB g‡b nq| ‡mw`b Zviv Avwcm †_‡K mivmwi evwo wd‡i mKv‡ji cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK wLPzwo ivbœvi Av‡qvRb ïi“ K‡i‡Q Ggb mgq evB‡i wmuwo‡Z fvwi RyZvi gPgP AvIqvR †kvbv hvq| evB‡i GKevi DuwK w`‡q †gv`v‡eŸi w¶cÖc‡` †fZ‡i Av‡m| cywjk G‡m‡Q Avevi| †m wdmwdm K‡i e‡j| cywjk? Avevi †Kb cywjk? BDbym fv‡e, nq‡Zv iv —v †_‡K Qu vPov †Pvi cvwj‡q G‡m evwo‡Z Xy‡K‡Q Ges ZviB mÜv‡b cywj‡ki AvMgb n‡q‡Q| K_vUv g‡b n‡ZB wb‡Ri Kv‡QB Zv Li‡Mv‡ki M‡íi g‡Zv †V‡K| wkKvwii mvg‡b Avi cvjvevi c_ bv †c‡q nVvr †PvL ey‡S e‡m c‡o Li‡Mvk fv‡e, †KD Zv‡K Avi †`L‡Z cv‡”Q bv| Avm‡j ZvivB wK †Pvi bq? me‡R‡bI ZvivB wK mZ¨ K_vUv ¯xKvi bv K‡i G evwo‡Z GKwU Awek¦vm¨ g‡bvig Rxeb m„wó K‡i‡Q wb‡R‡ì Rb¨| cywjk `‡ji †bZv mv‡ewK Avg‡ji gvbyl| nuvU eM‡j †P‡c †m `vM-cov Kcvj †_‡K Nvg gyQ‡Q| †Kgb GKUv wbixn fve| Zvi cðv‡Z e› yKavix Kb‡÷ej ywU‡KI g — †Muvd _vKv m‡Ë¡I wbixn g‡b nq| Zv‡ì `„wó Ic‡ii w`‡K| Zviv †hb KwoKvV †Mv‡Y| Ic‡ii wSwjwgwji †Lv‡c GK‡Rvov KeyZi evmv †eu‡a‡Q| nq‡Zv †m KeyZi ywU‡KB †`‡L †P‡q| nv‡Z e›`yK _vK‡j wbixn gvby‡liI „wó c‡o cï-c¶xi w`‡K|



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evsjv msKjb 102

mweb‡q gwZb cÖkœ K‡i, Kv‡K ìKvi? Avcbv‡ì mevB‡K| cywjk‡ì †bZv GKUz LbL‡b Mjvq SU K‡i DËi †`q| Avcbviv †eAvBbxfv‡e G evwoUv Kâv K‡i‡Qb| K_vUv bv †g‡b Dcvq †bB| Iiv cÖwZev` bv K‡i mij †Pv‡L mvgvb¨ †KŠZ~nj RvwM‡q cywjk‡i †bZvi w`K †P‡q _v‡K| PweŸk NÈvi g‡a¨ evwo Qvo‡Z n‡e| miKv‡ii ûKzg| Giv bxie gyL PvIqv-PvIwq K‡i| Ae‡k‡l †gv`v‡eŸi Mjv mvd K‡i cÖkœ K‡i †Kb, evwoIqvjv bvwjk K‡i‡Q bvwK? G¨vKvD›Um Avwc‡mi †gvUv eì“wÏb Mjv evwo‡q K‡b÷ej ywUi †cQ‡b GK GKevi ZvwK‡q †`‡L evwoIqvjvi mÜv‡b| †hLv‡b †KD †bB| Z‡e iv —vq wKQz †jvK R‡ov n‡q‡Q| A‡bï Acgvb †`Lvi †bkv eo †bkv| †Kv_vq evwoIqvjv? bv †n‡mB Mjvq nvwm †Zv‡j cywjk `‡jii †bZv| G‡ì GKRbI †n‡m I‡V| GKUv Avkvi mÂvi nq †hb| Z‡e? MfY©‡g›U evwoUv wiKzBRkb K‡i‡Q| Gevi nvwm Rv‡M bv| e ‘Z A‡bK¶Y †hb Kv‡iv gy‡L †Kv‡bv K_v m‡i bv| Zvici gKmy Mjv evovq| Avgiv wK MfY©‡g‡›Ui †jvK bB? Gevi K‡b÷ej ywUi „wóI KeyZi KwoKvV †Q‡o gKmy‡ì cÖwZ wbw¶ß nq| Zv‡ì „wó‡Z mvgvb¨ we¯§‡qi fve| gvby‡li wbe©yw×Zvq GL‡bv Zviv PgwKZ nq| Zvici cÖKvÊ †m evwo‡Z Ach©vß Av‡jv evZvm _vK‡jI GKUv Mfxi Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m| cÖ_‡g Aek¨ Zv‡ì gv_vq Lyb P‡o| bvbv iKg weª‡`vnx †NvlYv †kvbv hvq| Zviv hv‡e bv †Kv_vI, N‡ii LywU a‡i c‡o _vK‡e, hv‡e †Zv jvk n‡q hv‡e| Z‡e gv_v kxZj n‡Z †`wi nq bv| ZLb Mfxi Qvqv †b‡e Av‡m me©Î| †Kv_vq hv‡e Zviv? ciw`b †gv`v‡eŸi hLb G‡m e‡j Zv‡ì †gqv` PweŸk NÈv †_‡K mvZw`b n‡q‡Q ZLb Zviv GKUv Mfxi ¯w¯’i wbk¦vm Qvo‡jI †m-Nb QvqvUv wbweo n‡qB _v‡K| Gevi †gv`v‡eŸi cywjk mve-Bb‡¯ú±‡ii wØZxq ¿xi m‡½ Zvi AvZ¥xqZvi K_v e‡j bv| Zey bv ejv K_Uv mevB †g‡b †bq|

Zvici `kg w`‡b Zviv m`je‡j evwo Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvq| †hgwb S‡oi g‡Zv G‡mwQj, †Zgwb S‡oi g‡ZvB DavI n‡q hvq| k~b¨ evwo‡Z Zv‡ì mvgwqK emev‡mi wP ý¯îƒc GLv‡b-†mLv‡b wQwU‡q _v‡K Lei KvM‡Ri †Quov cvZv, Kvco †Svjvevi GKUv cy‡ivb `wo, wewo-wmMv‡i‡Ui UzK‡iv, GKUv †Quov Ry‡Zvi †Mvovwj| DVv‡bi †k‡l Zzjmx MvQUv Avevi ïwK‡q D‡V‡Q| Zvi cvZvq L‡qwi is| †mw`b cywjk Avmvi ci †_‡K †KD Zvi †Mvovq cvwb †`qwb| †mw`b †_‡K M„nKÎ©xi QjQj †Pv‡Li K_vI Avi Kv‡iv g‡b c‡owb| †Kb c‡owb †m K_v Zzjmx Mv‡Qi Rvbevi K_v bq, gvby‡liB Rvbevi K_v|

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evsjv msKjb 103

kãv_© I UxKv Kswµ‡Ui cyj - Pzb-evwj-wm‡g›U I Pzbv cv_‡ii wgkª‡Y ˆZwi cvKv †mZz| K¨vbfvm - gReyZ †gvUv Kvco we‡kl| †WK †Pqvi - N‡ii evB‡i eënv‡ii Rb¨ KvV ev avZzi KvVv‡gvi Ici K¨vbfvm w`‡q ˆZwi ms‡KvPb‡hvM¨ Avmb| ¸o¸wo - Avj‡evjv, divk| gwì - gËZv RvMvq ev m„wó K‡i Ggb| †`kf‡½i ûRy‡M - 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefv‡Mi mgq Av‡eMekZ| †Wiv - A ’vqx evm ’vb, Av —vbv| civnZ - e¨vnZ, evavMÖ —, civwRZ| wdwKi - dw›`, gZje, D‡Ïk¨ wmw×i Dcvq| bv- nK - b¨vqm½Z bq Ggb| bv- †enK - Ab¨vq bq Ggb| †Nvi- †Nviv‡jv - LyeB RwUj, AZ¨š— c uvPv‡jv| wi‡cvU© - cÖwZ‡e`b| Av —vbv - evm ’vb| AvÇv| jvU‡ejvU - Mfb©i ev Abyiƒc m¤¢ªvš— e¨w³eM©| †RŠjym - †Rj−v, PvKwPK¨, J¾¡j¨, RuvKRgK| K”Q‡`kxq - ¸Riv‡Ui DË‡i Aew ’Z mgy ªZxieZx© ’v‡bi| BqvW© - †÷kb msjMœ PZ¡i| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv - m¤cÖ vqMZ †fèyw×m¤úbœ gvbwmKZv I wµqvKjvc| evgcš’x - mvgëv`x, cÖMwZev`x, wec−ex ivR‰bwZK Av`‡k© wek¦vmx| wiKzBwRkb - †Kvb wKQz †P‡q wjwLZ digvk| Zje Kiv| KwoKvV - Qv‡ì Zjvq †`qv AvovAvwo j¤^v KvV|

evM&aviv, cÖev`-cÖePb f`ªZvi evjvB - mvaviY †mŠRb¨‡eva|

c„ô cÖ k©b - cvjv‡bv|

w`‡b ycy‡i WvKvwZ - cÖKv‡k¨ cÖZviYv I wg_¨vPvi, WvKvwZi g‡Zv ytmvnwmK KvR|

Zz‡jvay‡bv nIqv - aybv Zz‡jvi g‡Zv wQbœwew”Qbœ nIqv|

Kjv †`Lv‡bv - (AvjsKvwiK) duvwK †Ìqv

g‡Mi gyjyK - (AvjsKvwiK e¨½) AivRKZv †`k ev ivR¨|



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evsjv msKjb 104

Drm I cwiwPwZ ˆmq` IqvjxDj −vn&i ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ MíwU 1965 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ Zuvi Ô yB Zxi I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ bvgK MíMÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ| M‡íi mxwgZ cwim‡i Rxe‡bi Mfxi †Kvb Zvrch©‡K Bw½Zgq I e¨Äbvmg„× K‡i cÖKvk Kivi †¶‡Î ˆmq` IqvjxDj−vn&i gywÝqvbv i‡q‡Q| ÔGKwU Zyjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ-†ZI G ¸YwU j¶ Kiv hvq| †`k wefv‡Mi AeëwnZ ciciB XvKvi GKwU cwiZ¨³ evwo `Lj K‡i KjKvZv †_‡K AvMZ K‡qKRb DØv ‘ Kg©Pvix| KjKvZvi wNwÄ GjvKvq †Kvb iK‡g gv_v ¸u‡R ywe©©ln Rxebhvcb Ki‡jI wbivwkªZ DØv¯‘ Rxe‡bi †h D‡ØM Avi DrKÚv GZw`b Zv‡ì MÖvm K‡iwQj KjKvZvi Zzjbvq A‡bK †Lvjv‡gjv evwo †c‡q Zviv †Kej †h nuvd †Q‡o euvPj Zv bq, eis evwoLvbv‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q g‡b n‡jv †e‡nkZ| AwP‡iB evwoi DVv‡b AvMvQvi g‡a¨ Zviv Avwe®‹vi Kij GKwU Zzjmx MvQ| Ab¨ Avi †Kvb wPý bv _vK‡jI GB GKwU wb`k©b †_‡KB mevB eyS‡jv G evwowU Avm‡j GKwU cwiZ¨³ wn› y evwo| mevB cÖ_‡g MvQUv‡K Dc‡o †djvi R‡b¨ ˆn ‰P Ki‡jI m‡½ m‡½ wKQzUv wØavI Rv‡M Ges †kl ch©š— †eu‡P hvq Zzjmx MvQUv| †`Lv †Mj mK‡ji ARv‡š— †KD GKRb Zvi cwiPhv© Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Zvici GKw`b miKvwi wb‡ ©‡k †eAvBwb `Lj †_‡K Zv‡ì D‡”Q` Kiv n‡jv| k~b¨ evwoUv‡Z iBj †Kej Qov‡bv wQUv‡bv cwiZ¨³ AveR©bv Avi †mB Zzjmx MvQUv| cvwbi Afv‡e Zzjmx MvQUv AwP‡iB Avevi ï®‹cÖvq n‡q DVj| †h ivR‰bwZK N~Y©e‡Z©i wkKvi n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ gvby‡li kvš— Rxeb Zzjmx MvQUvI †h ZviB wkKvi−Amnvq MvQUv Zv Rv‡bb Kx K‡i| Abykxjbg~jK KvR mvwnZ¨‡eva †QvUM‡íi mv_©KZv Kx n‡j †QvUMí PgrKvi I mv_©K nq Zvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv QKeuvav cš’v ev c×wZ ev gvb`Ê †bB| fvwM¨m Zv †bB, Zv bv n‡j GKB ai‡bi Mí co‡Z wM‡q Avgiv GK‡N‡qwg‡Z fyMZvg| Avm‡j cªwZwU mv_©K †QvUMíB Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv M‡íi †P‡q G‡Kev‡i Avjv`v Ges mvwnZïmgwÊZ n‡q _v‡K| †QvUM‡í †Kv‡bv cvVK Pvb we‡bv`b, †KD Pvb PgrKvi fvee ‘, †KD Pvb AmvaviY I AvKl©Yxq PwiÎ, †KD PgKcÖ NUbv, †KD Pvb Kvwnbx, Avevi †KD Pvb DrKÉv| Gme cÖZ¨vkv ¯^vfvweK Ges Zvi †Kv‡bvwU‡KB A‡hŠw³KI ejv hv‡e bv| wKš‘ aiv hvK, †KD nq‡Zv Lye PgKcÖ NUbvi cÖZ¨vkv wb‡q GKUv †QvUMí co‡jb Ges †k‡l †`L‡j †Zgb wKQzB Zv‡Z †bB Z‡e wK H †QvUMíwU‡K mv_©K nqwb ej‡Z n‡e? G ai‡bi wm×vš— Uvbv gykwKj| Zvn‡j †QvUM‡íi mv_©KZv Avgiv †Kvb gvb`‡Ê wePvi Kie? †Kvb wbw ©ó M‡íi mv_©KZvi †¶‡Î Avgiv cÖ_‡gB wePvi Ki‡Z cvwi M‡íi eëüZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv M‡íi cwiYwZi mv‡_ h_vh_fv‡e mvgÄm¨c~Y© wK bv| M‡í Kvwnbx, PwiÎ, wemqe¯‘ BZ¨vwì eënvi KZUv mv_©K Zv wbf©i Ki‡e Gi Ici| †h †Kv‡bv `¶ I m„Rbkxj †QvUMíKvi M‡íi cÖZ¨vwkZ mgvwß Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡íi Dcv`vb eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| ZvB †h †Kv‡bv †QvUM‡íi mv_©KZv wePv‡i cÖ_‡gB cÖkœ DV‡e: MíwU eY©bvixwZ‡Z KZUv mv_©K? welqe ‘ I wbg©vY ixwZi †gjeÜ‡b MíwU mvwnZ¨Kg© n‡q D‡V‡Q wK bv? G msKj‡b mwbœ‡ewkZ Mí¸‡jvi GK GKwU GK GK fw½‡Z eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GK GKwU M‡íi MVbixwZ GK GK iKg| G¸‡jvi welqe ‘I wfbœ wfbœ| Avi me‡P‡q eoK_v GK GKfv‡e †m¸‡jv RxebmZ¨‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|

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evsjv msKjb 106

evK¨vš——i :

Aw — †_‡K †bwZ Aw — : †m K_vB Giv fv‡e| †bwZ : †m K_vB Giv bv †f‡e cv‡i bv| Aw — : evwoUv Zviv `Lj K‡i‡Q| †bwZ : evwoUv Zviv `Lj bv K‡i Qv‡o bv| Aw — : K_vUvq Zvi wek¦vm nq| †bwZ : K_vUvq Zvi Awek¦vm nq bv| Aw — : Z‡e bvwjkUv A‡hŠw³K| †bwZ ; Z‡e bvwjkUv †hŠw³K bq| Aw — : †m Zvi¯‡i AvZ©bv` K‡i| †bwZ : †m Zvi ^‡i AvZ©bv` bv K‡i cv‡i bv| †bwZ †_‡K Aw¯— †bwZ : Zviv hv‡e bv †Kv_vI| Aw — : Zviv GLv‡bB _vK‡e| †bwZ : Kv‡iv gy‡L †Kvb K_v m‡i bv| Aw — : cÖ‡Z¨‡KB bxie n‡q _v‡K| †bwZ : †mLv‡b †KD †bB| Aw — ; RvqMvUv wbR©b| †bwZ ; K_vUv bv †g‡b Dcvq †bB| Aw — : K_vUv gvb‡ZB nq| †bwZ : Zv‡`i fyjUv fvO‡Z †`wi nq bv| Aw¯— : AwP‡iB Zv‡`i fyj fv‡O|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. Zzjmx MvQwU †Kv_vq? K. D‡Vv‡bi gvSLv‡b L. †`qv‡ji cv‡k M. ivbœvN‡ii †cQ‡b N. dU‡Ki evB‡i 2. ÔnqZ Zvi hvÎv GL‡bv †kl nq bvBÕ-Kvi m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q? K. †gv`v‡eŸi L. M„nKÎx© M. gKmy N. Bb‡¯ú±i 3. ÔZzjmx MvQwU A¶Z †`‡nB _v‡KÕ KviY- i. Zvi Zjvi AvMvQv A „k¨ n‡q †M‡Q ii. cvZv¸wj †Kgb m‡ZR n‡q D‡V‡Q iii. Zvi †Mvovq †KD cvwb w`‡”Q

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evsjv msKjb 107

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ- M‡í Zzjmx MvQwU Kx‡mi cÖZxK? K. cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡Mi L. A_©‰bwZK APjve ’vi M. mvgvwRK Aw ’iZvi N. ivR‰bwZK N~Y©ve‡Z©i 5. KjKvZv †_‡K wKQz †jvK G †`‡k P‡j G‡mwQj †Kb? K. PvKwii mÜv‡b L. †`kfv‡Mi Kvi‡Y M. †`k åg‡Yi j‡¶¨ N. †`k‡cÖ‡gi Uv‡b 6. cywjk AvwkªZ‡ì evwoQvov K‡i‡Q †Kb? K. evwoIqvjv Avevi wd‡i Avmvq L. evwowU †f‡O †djvi wm×vš— nIqvq M. miKvi evwo Qvovi ûKzg †`qvq N. evwoi gvwjKvbv nvZe`j nIqvq wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 7 I 8 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| ev‡bi cvwb‡Z Wye‡Z Wye‡Z iwgR GKwU Mv‡Qi uwo AvuK‡o aij| wKš‘ †mªv‡Zi Zxeª Uv‡b uwowU

Zvi nvZQvov n‡q hvq| iwgR †f‡m hvq ev‡bi Uv‡b | 7. ¸uwowU iwg‡Ri nvZQvov nIqvi mv‡_ M‡í ewY©Z †Kvb NUbvi wgj cvIqv hvq? K. m`je‡j evwo Z¨vM Kivi L. Zzjmx MvQwU Dc‡o †djvi wb‡`©‡ki M. gwZ‡bi evMvb Ki‡Z bv cvivi N. M„nKÎx©i K_v KviI g‡b bv covi 8. Mv‡Qi ¸uwoi mv‡_ M‡íi †Kvb e ‘wU Zzj¨? K. Zzjmx Mv‡Qi L. cwiZ¨³ evwoi M wb‡gi Wv‡ji N. Kwo Kv‡Vi

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. cÙvi ey‡K Pi †R‡M‡Q| †mLv‡b b`xfvOv A‡bK gvbyl G‡m Avkªq wb‡q‡Q| Zviv Ni Zz‡j‡Q, MvQ

jvwM‡q‡Q, Pvlvev` K‡i‡Q| wbt ^ gvbyl¸‡jv †eu‡P _vKvi GKUv Aej¤^b Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q| Afve-

`vwi‡ ª i gv‡SI Pi Rxe‡b GKUv cÖkvwš—i nvIqv eB‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| wVK Ggwb mg‡q GKw`b

gnvR‡bi jvwVqvjiv P‡i G‡m nvwRi nj| gnvR‡bi wb‡ ©‡k Zviv wbixn Pievmx‡ì D‡”Q`

Ki‡jv| gyLi Pi Avevi wb_i n‡q coj|

K. Zzjmx MvQwU cÖ_g †K †`L‡Z cvq?



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evsjv msKjb 108

L. ÔfveQ Kx AZ? Dc‡o †d‡jv ejwQÕ| G K_v †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z b`xfvOv gvbyl¸‡jvi mv‡_ ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jvi †h wgj

cvIqv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔgyLi Pi Avevi wb_i n‡q cojÕ Aby‡”Q‡ ewY©Z G NUbvwU ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ M‡í Kxfv‡e

cÖwZ ’vwcZ n‡q‡Q we‡k−lb Ki| 2. LvuPvq ew›` wUqv cvwLwUi gyg~ly© `kv| Kw`b a‡i `vbvcvwb †bB| G evwo‡Z hviv _vKZ, hy‡×i

Wvgv‡Wv‡j Zviv evwo †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q| GKw`b bZzb GK cwievi G‡m DVj †m evwo‡Z| Zv‡ì h‡Zœ wUqv cvwLwU cÖvY wd‡i †cj| wKš‘ wKQzw`b ci G cwieviwU‡KI evwo Qvo‡Z nj| Avevi AwbwðZ n‡q coj wUqv cvwLi Rxeb|

K. evwo Qvovi †gqv` PweŸk NÈv †_‡K evwo‡q KZw`b n‡qwQj? L. Ôwn› yqvwbi wPýÕ ej‡Z M‡í Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Aby‡”Q‡ì NUbv Abymi‡Y M‡íi AvwkªZ gvbyl‡ì evwo Qvovi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ôgyg~ly© wUqv cvwL, weeY© Zzjmx MvQ Ges gvby‡li Aw¯’i Rxeb †hb GKB m~‡Î Muv_vÕ- gš—e¨wU GKwU

Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ Gi Av‡jv‡K we‡k−lY Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 109

GKz‡ki Mí Rwni ivqnvb

†jLK cwiwPwZ RxebgyLx mgvRm‡PZb K_vmvwnwZ¨K Rwni ivqnvb 1933 wLªóv‡ã †dbx †Rjvi gRycyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb K_vmvwnwZ¨K, mvsevw`K, ivR‰bwZK Kgx© I Pjw”PÎKvi| wZwb Rwni ivqnvb wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ n‡jI Zuvi Avmj bvg †gvnv¤§` Rwni“j−vn| 1958 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb weG (Abvm©) cvm K‡ib| GKRb †QvU MíKvi I Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e ZLb †_‡KB wZwb cwiwPZ| cieZx©‡Z Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Dci Zjvi gvbyl †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Muv‡qi †L‡U LvIqv gvby‡li Kv‡Q ch©š— e¨vcK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib| Dcb¨vm, ÔnvRvi eQi a‡iÕ, ÔAv‡iK dvêybÕ, Ôeid Mjv b`xÕ, ÔAvi KZ w`bÕ me©vwaK D‡j −L‡hvM¨| ÔRxeb †_‡K †bqvÕ, †÷c †R‡bvmvBWÕ, Ô †jU †`qvi we jvBUÕ BZ¨vw`| Gme ¯§iYxq Pjw”PÎ Avgv‡ì RvZxq †PZbv m„wó‡Z me©vwaK Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Q| cÖL¨vZ mvsevwaK I Jcb¨vwmK knx yj −vn Kvqmvi Zuvi AMÖR| G †`‡ki ¯vaxbZv jv‡fi ci AcüZ knx yj−vn Kvqmvi‡K LuyR‡Z wM‡q Rwni ivqnvb Avi N‡i †d‡ib| 1972 wLªóv‡ãi 30 Rvbyqvwi wZwb wb‡LuvR I knx` nb|

Zcy‡K Avevi wd‡i cv‡ev, GK_v fy‡jI fvwe wb †Kvbw`b| Zey †m Avevi wd‡i G‡m‡Q Avgv‡ì gv‡S| fve‡Z AevK jv‡M, Pvi eQi Av‡M hv‡K nvB‡Kv‡U©i †gv‡o †klev‡ii g‡Zv †`‡LwQjvg, hv‡K Rxe‡b Avi †`L‡ev e‡j ^‡cœI Kíbv Kwiwb- †mB Zcy wd‡i G‡m‡Q| I wd‡i Avmvi ci †_‡K Avgiv mevB †hb †Kgb GKUz DwØMœ n‡q c‡owQ| iv‡Z fv‡jv Nyg nq bv| hwÌ GKUz AvaUz Z›`ªv Av‡m, Zey AÜKv‡i nVvr Ii w`‡K †PvL co‡j Mv nvZ cv wkD‡i I‡V| f‡q Romo n‡q hvB| †j‡ci wb‡P †`nUv VK&VK& K‡i Kuv‡c| w`‡bi †ejv I‡K wN‡i Avgiv †QvULv‡Uv RUjv cvKvB| Lei †c‡q A‡b‡KB †`L‡Z Av‡m I‡K| AevK n‡q Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K Iiv| Avgiv †h AevK nB bv Zv bq| Avgv‡ì †Pv‡LI we¯§q Rv‡M| yÕeQi I Avgv‡ì mv‡_ wQj| Ii k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi LeiI Avgiv ivLZvg| mwZ¨ wK AevK KvÊ †`L †Zv, †K ej‡e †h G Zcy| I‡K †PbvB hvq bv| Ii gv‡K Wv‡Kv, Avwg njc K‡i ej‡Z cvwi, Ii gv-I wPb‡Z cvi‡e bv I‡K|

wPb‡e Kx K‡i? RUjvi GKcvk †_‡K ivnvZ wb‡Ri gZ e‡j †Pbvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq _vK‡j †Zv wPb‡e| G

Ae ’vq †KD KvD‡K wPb‡Z cv‡i bv| e‡j †m GKUv `xN©k¦vm Qv‡o|

AvgivI †Kgb †hb Abgbv n‡q cwo ¶‡Y‡Ki Rb¨| A‡bK K‡ó wVKvbv †RvMvo K‡i Kvj mKv‡j

ivnvZ‡K cvwV‡qwQjvg, Zcyi gv Avi eD‡K Lei †èvi Rb¨|



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evsjv msKjb 110

mvivw`b GLv‡b †mLv‡b cBcB K‡i Ny‡i we‡K‡j hLb ivnvZ wd‡i G‡m Lei w`‡jv, I‡ì KvD‡K cvIqv hvq wb ZLb ixwZg‡Zv fvebvq cojvg| GLb Kx Kiv hvq ej †Zv, I‡ì GK Rb‡KI cvIqv †Mj bv? Avwg †PvL Zz‡j ZvKvjvg ivnv‡Zi w`‡K| weQvbvi Ici acvm K‡i e‡m ivnvZ ej‡jv, Ii gv gviv †M‡Q| gvi †M‡Q? Avnv †mevi GLv‡b MovMwo w`‡q Kx KvbœvKvwUB bv Zcyi R‡b¨ †Ku‡`wQ‡jb wZwb| Iui Kvbœv †`‡L Avgvi wb‡Ri †Pv‡L cvwb G‡m wM‡qwQj| eDUvi Lei? Ii K_v e‡jv bv Avi| ivnvZ gyL euvKv‡jv| Ab¨ Avi GK RvqMvq we‡q K‡i‡Q| †mwK| Gi g‡a¨ we‡q K‡i †dj‡jv †g‡qUv? Zcy I‡K KZ fvjvem‡Zv| bvwRg weoweo K‡i e‡j DV‡jv Pvcv ^‡i| mvby ej‡jv, we‡q Ki‡e bv †Zv wK mviv Rxeb weaev n‡q _vK‡e bvwK †g‡qUv| e‡j Zcyi w`‡K ZvKv‡jv mvby| AvgivI „wó wdwi‡q Avbjvg Ii Ici| mwZ¨, †K ej‡e G Pvi eQi Av‡MKvi †mB Zcy, hvi gy‡L GK SjK nvwm AvVvi g‡Zv †j‡M _vK‡Zv me mgq, Zvi w`‡K ZvKv‡Z f‡q Avgvi i³ wng n‡q Av‡m †Kb? yÕeQi †m Avgv‡ì mv‡_ wQ‡jv|

Avgiv wQjvg wZbRb| Avwg, Zcy Avi ivnvZ| Zcy wQ‡jv Avgv‡ì gv‡S mevi PvB‡Z eq‡m †QvU| wKš‘ eq‡m †QvU n‡j Kx n‡e, I-B wQ‡jv GKgvÎ weevwnZ| K‡j‡R fwZ© nevi eQiLv‡bK c‡i †iYy‡K we‡q K‡i Zcy| m¤ú‡K© †g‡qUv AvZ¥xqv n‡Zv Ii| †`vnviv Mob, wQcwQ‡c KwU, Av‡cj i‡Oi †g‡qUv| cÖvqB Ii mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z Avm‡Zv GLv‡b| I G‡j Avgiv Puv`v Zz‡j Pv Avi wgwó G‡b †LZvg| Avi Mí¸R‡e †g‡Z DVZvg ixwZg‡Zv| Zcy wQj M‡íi ivRv| †hgb nvm‡Z cvi‡Zv †Q‡jUv, †Zgwb Mí Kivi e¨vcv‡iI wQj I¯—v`| hLb I Mí Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡Zv, ZLb KvD‡K K_v ejvi my‡hvM w`‡Zv bv| †mB †h †jvKUvi K_v †Zvgv‡ì e‡jwQjvg bv †mw`b| †mB †nuvrKv †gvUv †jvKUv, K¨vwcUv‡j hvi mv‡_ Avjvc n‡qwQj, IB †h, †jvKUv ejwQj †m evb©vWÕk n‡e, ciï iv‡Z gviv †M‡Q GKUv Q¨vKov Mvwoi Zjvq c‡o| ..... Avi †mB †g‡qUv, †h I‡K we‡q Ki‡e e‡j K_v w`‡qwQ‡jv ...I gviv hvevi c‡ii w`b GK we‡jwZ mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ cvwj‡q †M‡Q .... i“Yx †g‡qUvi Lei Rvb‡Zv| †m Kx, i“Yx‡K wPb‡Z cvi‡Qv bv? kn‡ii †miv bvwP‡q wQ‡jv, AvRKvj Aek¨ ivRbxwZ Ki‡Q| †mw`b †`Lv nj iv —vq| Av‡M †Zv cvUKvwV wQ‡jv| GLb †ek †gvUv‡mvUv n‡q‡Q| †`Lv n‡ZB †i‡ —viuvq wb‡q LvIqv‡jv| we‡q K‡iwQ ï‡b wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, eD †`L‡Z †Kgb| n‡q‡Q, Gevi Zzwg G‡mv| Dt, K_v ej‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j †hb Avi dz‡iv‡Z Pvq bv| ivnvZ _vwg‡q w`‡Z †Póv Ki‡Zv I‡K|

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evsjv msKjb 111

†iYy ej‡Zv, Avi ej‡eb bv, GZ eK&‡Z cv‡i .....| e‡j weiw³‡Z bv j¾vq jvj n‡q DV‡Zv †m| Zey _vg‡Zv bv Zcy| GK Mvj nvwm Qwo‡q Avevi ci¯úivnxb K_vi Zzewo †QvUvZ †m, _vK‡M A‡bï K_v hLb †Zvgiv ïb‡Z PvI bv wb‡Ri K_vB ewj| fvewQ, Wv³vwiUv cvk Ki‡Z cvi‡j G kn‡i Avi _vK‡ev bv, Muv‡q P‡j hv‡ev| †QvÆ GKUv Ni euva‡ev †mLv‡b| Avi, †Zvgiv †`‡Lv, Avgvi N‡i †Kvb RuvgRgK _vK‡e bv| G‡Kev‡i mvaviY, nuv, GKUv †QvÆ wWm‡cbmvwi Avi wKQy bv| gv‡S gv‡S Ggwb ^cœ †`Lvq Af¨ — wQj Zcy| GKKv‡j wgwjUvwi‡Z hvevi mL wQj Ii| wKš‘ eivZ g›`| wQ‡jv Rb¥Z‡Luvov| Wvb cv †_‡K euv cvUv BwÂ y‡qK †QvU wQj Ii| Z‡e euv Ry‡Zvi wnjUv GKUz DuPz K‡i ˆZwi Kivq yi †_‡K Ii Luywo‡q Luywo‡q PjvUv †Pv‡L co‡Zv bv mevi| Avgv‡ì RxebUv wQ‡jv hvwš¿K| KvK-WvKv †fv‡i weQvbv †Q‡o DVZvg Avgiv| Zcy DV‡Zv mevi Av‡M| I RvMv‡Zv Avgv‡ì yRb‡K, I‡Vv, †fvi n‡q †M‡Q †`L‡Qv bv? Agb †gv‡li g‡Zv Ny‡gv‡”Qv †Kb, I‡Vv| Mv‡qi Dci †_‡K †jcUv †U‡b †d‡j w`‡q †Rvi K‡i Avgv‡ì Nyg fvOv‡Zv Zcy| gv_vi- Kv‡Q RvbvjvUv Ly‡j w`‡q ej‡Zv, †`L evB‡i †Kgb wgwó †iv` D‡V‡Q| Avi Nywg‡qv bv, I‡Vv| Avgv‡ì Nyg fvwO‡q, wbR nv‡Z Pv ˆZwi Ki‡Zv Zcy| Pv‡qi †cqvjvq †kl PzKzg w`‡q Avgiv eB Ly‡j emZvg| Zvici `kUv jvMv` mœvbvnvi †m‡i K¬v‡k †hZvg Avgiv| we‡KjUv KvU‡Zv †ek Av‡gv`-dzwZ©‡Z| †Kvbw`b B¯‹vU‡b †eov‡Z †hZvg Avgiv| †Kvbw`b eywoM½vi Icv‡i| Avi †hw`b †iYy Avgv‡ì mv‡_ _vK‡Zv, †mw`b AvwRgcy‡ii cvk w`‡q nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z `Z’i Muv‡qi †fZi nvwi‡q †hZvg Avgiv| †iYy gv‡S gv‡_ Avgv‡ì Rb¨ WvjgyU †f‡R Avb‡Zv evmv †_‡K| †Mu‡qv c‡_ nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z gyogyo K‡i WvjgyU wP‡evZvg Avgiv| Acy ej‡Zv, †`‡Lv, ivnvZ, Avgvi gv‡S gv‡S wK g‡b nq Rvb? Kx? GB †h AvuKveuvKv jvjgvwUi c_, G c‡_i hw` †kl bv n‡Zv †Kvbw`b| Abš—Kvj a‡i hw` Ggwb Pj‡Z cviZvg Avgiv| GwK, Zzwg Avevi Kwe n‡j K‡e †_‡K? å“ †Rvov KuyP‡K nVvr cÖkœ Ki‡Zv ivnvZ| bv, bv, Kwe n‡Z hve †Kb| BZ —Z K‡i ej‡Zv Zcy| Zey †Kb †hb g‡b nq...........| ^cœvjy †Pv‡L ^cœ bve‡Zv Zvi|

Avgiv wQjvg wZbRb| Avwg, Zcy Avi ivnvZ| w`b¸‡jv †ek KvUwQ‡jv Avgv‡ì| wKš‘ AK¯§vr †Q` co‡jv| †nv‡÷‡ji evB‡i, meyR Qov‡bv gvVUv‡Z A¸wYZ †jv‡Ki fxo R‡gwQ‡jv †mw`b| †fvi n‡Z µz× †Q‡jey‡oviv G‡m Rgv‡qZ n‡qwQ‡jv †mLv‡b| Kv‡iv nv‡Z c − vKvW©, Kv‡iv nv‡Z † −vMvb †èvi Pz‡½v, Avevi Kv‡iv nv‡Z j¤^v jvwVUvq †Svjv‡bv K‡qKUv



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evsjv msKjb 113

Zvici Df‡q DaŸ©k¦v‡m †`Šo w`jvg Avgiv BDwbfvwm©wUi w`‡K| †m iv‡Z Zcyi gv G‡m MovMwo w`‡q

†Ku‡`wQjvg GLv‡b| †iYyI G‡mwQ‡jv, cjKnxb †PvL‡Rvov w`‡q AkÖ“i †dvqviv †b‡gwQ‡jv Zvi| wKš‘

Avgv‡ì w`‡K GKeviI ZvKvq wb †m| GKUv K_vI Avgv‡ì mv‡_ e‡jwb †iYy| ivnvZ ïay Avgvi Kv‡b

wdmwdm K‡i e‡jwQ‡jv, Zcy bv g‡i Avwg gi‡jB fv‡jv n‡Zv| Kx AevK KvÊ †`L †Zv, cvkvcvwk wQjvg

Avgiv| A_P Avgv‡ì wKQz n‡jv bv, ¸wj jvM‡jv wKbv Zcyi Kcv‡j Kx AevK KvÊ †`L †Zv|

Zvici Pvi‡U eQi †K‡U †M‡Q| Pvi eQi Zcy‡K wd‡i cv‡ev, GK_v fy‡jI fvwe wb †Kvbw`b|

Zcy gviv hvevi ci †iYy G‡m GKw`b gvjcÎ¸‡jv me wb‡q †M‡jv Ii| y‡Uv my U‡Km, GKUv eB‡qi

Uªv¼, Avi GKUv †ewWs| †mw`bI gyL fvi K‡i wQ‡jv †iYy|

K_v e‡jwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_| ïay ivnv‡Zi w`‡K GKdjK ZvwK‡q wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jv, Ii GKUv Mig †KvU

wQ‡jv bv, †KvUUv †Kv_vq? I, IUv Avgvi my U‡K‡m| ax‡i †KvUUv †ei K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jv ivnvZ|

Gici w`b K‡qK Zcyi wmUUv Lvwj c‡o wQ‡jv| gv‡S gv‡S ivZ †kl n‡q G‡j Avgv‡ì g‡b n‡Zv, †K

†hb Mv‡q nvZ w`‡q WvK‡Q Avgv‡ì|

I‡Vv, Avi NywgI bv, I‡Vv|

†PvL †g‡j KvD‡K †`L‡Z †cZvg bv, ïay Ii k~b¨ weQvbvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q gbUv e¨_vq f‡i DV‡Zv|

Zvici GKw`b Zcyi wm‡U bZzb †Q‡j G‡jv GKUv| †m †Q‡jUv eQi wZ‡bK wQ‡jv|

Zvici G‡jv Avi GKRb| Avgv‡ì bZzb i“g‡gU| †ek nvwmLywk fiv gyL|

†mw`b mKv‡j weQvbvq e‡m, ÔGbvUwgÕi cvZv Dëvw”Q‡jv †m| Zvi †PŠwKi wb‡P GKUv Szwo‡Z ivLv

Ô†¯‹wjU‡biÕ Ô¯‹vjÕUv †ei K‡i †`LwQ‡jv Avi eB‡qi mv‡_ wgwj‡q cowQ‡jv †m| Zvici GK mgq nVvr

ivnv‡Zi w`‡K ZvwK‡q wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, ivnvZ mv‡ne, GKUz †`Lyb †Zv, Avgvi ¯‹v‡ji Kcv‡ji

gvSLvbUvq GKUv MZ© †Kb? Kx ej‡j? Pg‡K D‡V Df‡qB ZvKvjvg Ii w`‡K|

ivnvZ D‡V wM‡q ¯‹vjUv Zz‡j wb‡jv nv‡Z| Suy‡K c‡o †m †`L‡Z jvM‡jv AevK n‡q| nuv, Kcv‡ji

gvSLvbUvq †Mvj GKUv dz‡Uv, ivnvZ ZvKv‡jv Avgvi w`‡K, Ii †Pv‡Li fvlv eyS‡Z fyj n‡jv bv Avgvi|

weoweo K‡i ejjvg, euv cv‡qi nvoUv yÕBwÂ †QvU wQ‡jv Ii|

K_vUv †kl bv n‡ZB Szwo †_‡K nvo¸‡jv Zz‡j wb‡jv ivnvZ| nvZ¸‡jv VK&VK& K‡i KuvcwQ‡jv Ii| GKUz

c‡i D‡ËwRZ Mjvq wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jv, euv cv‡qi wUweqv †deyjvUv yÕBwÂ †QvU|

†`‡Lv, †`‡Lv|

D‡ËRbvq AvwgI KuvcwQjvg|

¶YKvj c‡i ¯‹vjUv ynv‡Z Zz‡j a‡i ivnvZ ej‡jv, Zcy|

ej‡Z wM‡q MjvUv a‡i G‡jv Ii|



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evsjv msKjb 114

kãv_© I UxKv †`vnviv - †gvUvI bq †ivMvI bq| KwU - †Kvgi| evb©vW© k - RR© evb©vW© k (1856-1950)| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i weL¨vZ †jLK I

bvU¨Kvi| 1925 wLªóv‡ã wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi cvb| Ôg¨vb A¨vÛ mycvi g¨vbÕ, Ô†m›U †RvqvbÕ BZ¨vw` Zuvi weL¨vZ bvUK|

Q¨vKov Mvwo - wbK…ógv‡bi †Nvovi Mvwo| Q°o gvK©v Mvwo| ci¤úivnxb - avivevwnKZvwenxb| Zzewo - A‡bK Ic‡i ch©š— Av¸‡bi dzjwKi †dvqviv I‡V Ggb GK ai‡bi

evwR| K_vi Zzewo - AbM©j K_v| wWm‡cbmvwi - Jl‡ai †`vKvb| mgy ª-Mfxi RbZv - DËvj RbZvi mgy ª| c− vKvW© - cÖKv‡k¨ cÖ k©‡bi Rb¨ cÖvPxi cÎ ev †cv÷vi| GbvUwg - kixiwe`¨v, A½ e¨e‡”Q`we`¨v, Anatomy| †¯‹wjUb - K¼vj Skeleton | ¯‹vj - gv_vi Lywj Skull | wUweqv †deyjv - R½vw ’ I AbyR•Nvw ’, Tibia-fibula| Drm I cwiwPwZ Rwni ivqnv‡bi ÔGKz‡ki MíÕ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q 1981 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ Rwni ivqnvb iPbvewji wØZxq LÊ †_‡K| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U †jLv GB M‡í †jLK Gu‡K‡Qb †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡R Aa¨qbiZ GK cÖvYeš—, DÏvg, ü`qevb mncvVxi Qwe †h knx` nq fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b| jvk wQbZvB n‡q hvq wgwjUvwii nv‡Z| †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri QvÎvev‡m bi-K¼v‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡q kixiwe`¨v covi mg‡q Avwe®K…Z nq G K¼vj †mB knx` mncvVxi| Abykxjbg~jK KvR mvwnZ¨‡eva ev —e mZ¨ I wkímZ¨ †jLK mwZ¨ ev HwZnvwmK NUbv wb‡q †h mvwnZ¨ ˆZwi K‡ib Zv‡K wKš‘ me mgq cy‡ivcywi BwZnvm ev

mZ¨ NUbv ejv P‡j bv| KviY †jLK GLv‡b Kíbvi Avkªq wb‡q bZybfv‡e Kvwnbx, NUbv, PwiÎ BZ¨vw`

m„wó K‡i _v‡Kb|

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evsjv msKjb 115

†jLK mvwn‡Zï †h PwiÎ m„wó K‡ib Zvi êwkó¨, wµqvKjvc hZUv M‡íi Kvwnbxi m‡½ m½wZc~Y© n‡q

_v‡K, ev¯—‡ei m‡½ ZZUv bq|

Z‡e mvwn‡Zï mZ¨ ûeû mZ¨ bv n‡jI †jLK mvwn‡Z¨ GK ai‡bi mZ¨‡K Zz‡j a‡ib| Zv‡K ejv nq, wkí-mZ¨ ev Kve¨-mZ¨| me gnr mvwnZ¨ b¨vh¨ I MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjvi †gŠwjK wfwË n‡”Q GB ai‡bi wkí-mZ¨| LyuwU‡h †`L‡j †h †Kv‡bv mv_©K mvwnZ¨K‡g© Avgiv yÕai‡bi A‡_©i †`Lv cvB| GKwU n‡”Q Av¶wiK A_©, Ab¨wU cÖZxKx Zvrch©| Av¶wiK A_© Avgv‡ì Av¶wiK m‡Zï aviYv †`q Ges cÖZxKx Zvrch© †`q cÖZxKx m‡Zï gwngv, hv wkí- m‡ZïB bvgvš—i| †jLK Av¶wiK mZ¨‡K eënvi K‡ib wkí-m‡Zï gwngv dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z| Av¶wiK mZ¨ ¯’vbxq, Kvwjg mxgvi g‡a¨ Ave× _v‡K| wKš‘ wkímZ¨ ’vb I Kv‡ji MwÊ †cwi‡q me©Rbxb n‡q hvq|

ÔGKz‡ki M‡íÕ ewY©Z Zcy PwiÎwU GB M‡í PwiÎ wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨¶fv‡e mwµq bq| Avi PwiÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q eY©bvKvixi weei‡Yi gva¨‡g| wKš‘ †mB eY©bvi g‡aÏ H Pwi‡Îi GKUv Qwe ev fvegywZ© Avgv‡ì g‡bi g‡a¨ ˆZwi nq Avgv‡ì g‡bi Qwe‡Z Avgiv Zv‡K mwµq n‡Z †`wL ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b, wgwQ‡j, Av‡›`vj‡b| †`wL, ¸wj †L‡q Zv‡K ivRc‡_ jywU‡q co‡Z| †`wL cywj‡ki nv‡Z Zvi jvk wQbZvB n‡Z| GgbwK M‡íi †k‡l hLb †`Lv hvq, †gwW‡K‡ji Qv‡Îi nv‡Z gv_vi Lywji gvSLv‡b MZ© Ges cv‡qi nvo yÕBwÂ †QvU ZLbI Avgv‡ì g‡bi c`v©q †f‡m I‡V fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi wbnZ g„Z Zcyi Qwe| †jLK Avgv‡ì g‡bi c ©vq †h Zcyi Qwe K‡i †`b †m Zcy ev¯—‡ei †Kv‡bv Zcy bq, wKš‘ GB Zcyi g‡a¨ w`‡q fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi bvg bv-Rvbv knx‡ì cÖZxK fveg~wZ© M‡o I‡V| Gfv‡e cÖZxKx Zvrc‡h©i gva¨‡g †jLK Avgv‡ì mvg‡b wkí-mZ¨ Zz‡j a‡ib| wØZxqZ KwíZ GB PwiÎ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ’vwbK I KvwjK gwngv AwZµg K‡i hvq&‡B Mí †`‡k wKsev †`‡ki evB‡i †hLv‡bB wKsev hZw`b c‡iB cwVZ †nvK bv †Kb cvV‡Ki g‡bi c`v©q Zcy Rxeš— n‡q I‡V fvlvi R‡b¨ AvZ¥v`vb K‡i‡Q Ggb GKwU me©Rbxb Pwi‡Îi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| ev —‡ei mZ¨ †_‡K wkí-mZ¨ †h Avjv`v †mUv AviI †evSv hvq Gfv‡e †`L‡j: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m NUbvi †h weeiY Avgiv cwo Zv ev —e mZ¨B wKš‘ Zv‡Z Zcyi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv PwiÎ Avgv‡ì g‡b dz‡U I‡V bv| wKš‘ M‡íi Zcy Avgv‡ì g‡bi c`©vq Rxeš— n‡q ev¯—e mZ¨‡KI Qvwo‡q hvq| fvlv Abykxjb AbymM©

ev‡Kï †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kã c‡ì c‡i e‡m H c‡ì wefw³i KvR K‡i-G‡ì ejv nq AbymM©| G¸‡jv‡K wefw³ wn‡m‡e eëüZ c` ejv P‡j| †hgb: Zcyi Avevi wd‡i G‡m‡Q Avgv‡ì gv‡S| AevK n‡q Ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K Iiv| nvwm w`‡q NiUv‡K fwi‡q ivL‡Zv †m| eQiLv‡bK c‡i †iYyy‡K we‡q K‡i Zcy| K¨vwcUv‡j Zvi m‡½ Avjvc n‡qwQj| †fvi n‡Z †Q‡jey‡ov G‡m Rgv‡qZ nj|



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evsjv msKjb 116

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. Zcyi wcÖq welq Kx wQj? K. eB cov L. Mí ejv M. K¼vj †`Lv N. wgwQj Kiv 2. ÔIi gvI wPb‡Z cvi‡e bv I‡K|Õ KviY- K. Amy‡L Zcy K¼vjmvi n‡q †M‡Q| L. NUbvµ‡g Zcyi K¼vj wd‡i G‡m‡Q| M. AZ¨vPvi K‡i cywjk wdwi‡q w`‡q‡Q Zcy‡K| N. `xN© mgq Afy³ †_‡K wbi“‡Ïk Zcy wd‡i G‡m‡Q| 3. ÔivOv †Vuv‡Ui Dci †h g„ y nvwmUzKz gvLv‡bv wQj GLbKvi Abve„Z `š—mvi weKU nv‡mï m‡½ Zvi

†Kv‡bv ZzjbvB nq bv; D×„wZi AskUzKz GKz‡ki M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z? K. ivnv‡Zi L. Zcyi M. †iYyi N. †jL‡Ki 4. †Kvb Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zcyi Adziš— AvMÖn wQj? i. myk„•Lj mvgwiK Rxe‡bi cÖwZ ii. A_©-Hk¦‡h© †KZv yi — Rxe‡bi cÖwZ iii. cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h© ficyi wbR©b Rxe‡bi cÖwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii N. iii wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges wb‡Pi 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| ˆ¯ivPvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi knx` b~i †nv‡m‡bi

wcQ‡b †jLv : ˆ îvPvi wbcvZ hvK

MYZš¿ gyw³ cvK|

5. b~i †nv‡m‡bi m‡½ GKz‡ki M‡íi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi wgj j¶ Kiv hvq?

K. †iYyi L. ivnv‡Zi

M. †jL‡Ki N. Zcyi

6. b~i †nv‡m‡bi m‡½ Zcyi H‡Kï welq †KvbwU?

K. wcQ‡b ÔMYZš¿ gyw³ cvKÕ †jLv wb‡q cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z AvZ¥ûwZ

L. ÔRq evsjvÕ e‡j †k−vMvb w`‡Z w`‡Z wgwjUvwii ¸wj‡Z g„Zz eiY

M. Ôivóª fvlv evsjv PvBÕ †jLv c − vKvW© wb‡q cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z AvZ¥ûwZ

N. ˆ¯îvPvi we‡ivax wgwQ‡j wM‡q cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z AvZ¥ûwZ| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 117

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †jL: gv‡qi GKgvÎ †Q‡j †mv‡ne| †gavq, ms¯‹…wZgb¯‹Zvq, ivRbxwZ m‡PZbZvq wZwb wQ‡jb Av‡jvwKZ

gvbyl| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbKv‡j Zvi GB cÖwZfvi m‡e©v”P weKvk N‡U| weaev gv Avkvq eyK euv‡ab| wKš‘ 1971 mv‡ji ¯vaxbZvhy‡× wZwb knx` nb| gv‡qi Avkv a~‡jvq jywÉZ nq| cyÎ nviv‡bvi †kv‡K gv me© ^vš— †eva K‡ib| wKš‘ gv‡qi g‡bvRM‡Z ˆZwi nq nviv‡bv cy‡Îi GK KíwPÎ| hvwcZ Rxe‡bi mKj Kv‡R-K‡g©, fve-fvebvq wZwb Zvi cyÎ‡K †`L‡Z cvb| Avi GB weå‡gi g‡a¨B Zvi Rxeb-hvcb|

K. Zcyi nv‡Zi c− vKv‡W© Kx †jLv wQj? L. ÔI‡K †PbvB hvq bvÕ- †Kb †Pbv hvq bv-e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Zcy‡K wd‡i †c‡q eÜz‡ì g‡a¨ †h Dcjwä ˆZwi nq Zvi m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki m¤úK© wbY©q Ki| N. Aby‡”Q‡ì m‡½ ÔGKz‡ki M‡íÕi Ask we‡k‡li †h ^vZš¿ j¶ Kiv hvq Zvi ¯îc-cÖK…wZ we‡k−lY

Ki| 2. Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †jL: wcÖq cvbœv, Avgv‡K Zzwg eviY K‡iwQ‡j| e‡jwQ‡j Ômš—v‡bi gy‡Li w`‡K †P‡q Avgvi K_v †kvb-‡h‡qv bv|Õ Avwg

†`Ljvg, †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡q Avmv mwZ¨ Am¤¢e| ZvB cvwj‡q Avm‡Z nj| ¯^vaxbZvi WvK Avgvi cÖv‡Yi g‡a¨ evRwQj| †mB Wv‡K mvov bv-w`‡q Avwg hw` †Zvgv‡K wb‡q, weby‡K wb‡q mgq KvUvZvg Zv n‡j kvwš— †cZvg bv; mviv¶Y Acivax n‡q _vKZvg| †Zvgvi AgvbweK Kó Avi jvÃbvi K_v Avwg Rvwb| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z cvijvg bv| Avgv‡K ¶gv K‡iv|

BwZ †Zvgvi wkwki K. Zcyi ¯¿xi bvg Kx? L. Abš—Kvj a‡i Zcy †Kgb c‡_ Pj‡Z †P‡qwQj-e¨vL¨v Ki? M. Zcyi ¯¿x Zcy‡K wgwQ‡j †h‡Z wb‡la K‡iwQj| Aby‡”Q‡ì m‡½ †mB wb‡l‡ai m¤úK©-e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aby‡”Q‡ì m‡½ ÔGKz‡ki MíÕ kxl©K M‡íi Ask we‡k‡li e³e¨MZ †h mv`„k¨-êmv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv

hvq Zvi ¯îƒc-cÖK…wZ we‡k−lY Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 118

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evsjv msKjb 119

2. ivR‰bwZK cÖfve: evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡U cÖkvmb e¨vcK ivR‰bwZK cÖfve j¶Yxq| cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©viv wb‡R‡ì ¯v‡_© ivR‰bwZK `‡ji gyLv‡c¶x n‡q _v‡K| ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqv yb©xwZMÖ — Ges RbcÖkvm‡b Gi h‡_”Q cÖfv‡e _vKvi Kvi‡Y AvgjvZvwš¿K yb©xwZ ^vfvweKfv‡eB e„w× cvq| 3. ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi Afve: mgvR I iv‡óªi wewfbœ ¯—‡i yb©xwZ we¯—v‡ii GKwU KviY nj cÖkvm‡bi ^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi Afve| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖkvmb Jcwi‡ewkK Avg‡ji cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gviB

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evsjv msKjb 120

2. ivR‰bwZK cÖfve yb©xwZi Kvi‡Y ¯vfvweK MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqv I cÖkvmwbK cÖwµqv evavMÖ — nq| yb©xwZ †`‡k miKv‡ii

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evsjv msKjb 121

4| mwµq yb©xwZ `gb Kwgkb yb©xwZ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ `jwbi‡c¶, ^vaxb I mwµq yb©xwZ `gb Kwgkb cÖ‡qvRb| yb©xwZ `gb Kwgk‡bi

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evsjv msKjb 122

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miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡K Aciv‡a mnvqZv Kiv, miKvwi Kg©KZv©/Kg©Pvix KZ…©K

†Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU n‡Z g~jëvb e¯‘ webvg~‡j¨ MÖnY, †e-

AvBwbfv‡e c¶cvZg~jK AvPiY cÖ k©b, miKvwi Kg©Pvix KZ©„K †e-

AvBwbfv‡e †Kv‡bv eëmv‡q m¤ú„³ nIqv, †Kv‡bv e¨w³i kvw¯— ev m¤úwË

ev‡Rqvß †_‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ miKvwi Kg©KZv©/Kg©Pvix KZ©„K AvBb

Agvb¨, Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ fyj bw_cÎ cÖ ‘Z, Amvay D‡Ï‡k¨ m¤úwË

AvZ¥mvrKiY, ybx©wZ‡Z mnvqZv Kiv BZ¨vw` ybx©wZ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ|

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evsjv msKjb 123

mykvmb - iv‡óª cwiPvjbvq me©Î AvB‡bi kvmb, ^”QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwðZ

Kivi bvgB mykvmb| GB mykvmb cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡j e¨w³MZ ¯v_©, `jxq

„wófw½ I bvbv c¶cvZ I jvfvjv‡fi c_ cwinvi K‡i GKwU ¯^”Q I

Revew`wng~jK Ae¯’vb MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e ivóª eë ’vi Aš—M©Z

cÖwZôv‡b ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kivi bvgB mykvmb|

Z‡_ï Aevav cÖevn - eZ©gvb hyM‡K ejv nq Z_¨wec−‡ei hyM| G mg‡qi cÖavb m¤ú‡ì GKwU

n‡&”Q Z_¨| GB Z_¨‡K Aeva, mnRcÖvc¨ I me©ÎMvgx Kivi Rb¨ Avš—

R©vwZK Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© ev B›Uvi‡bU Ges KwgDwb‡Kkb †m‡UjvBU

we¯§qKi f~wgKv †i‡L G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Awdm-Av`vjMy‡jv

†_‡K †Kv‡bv Z_¨B mn‡R cvIqv hvq bv| GLv‡b Z_¨ msi¶Y eë ’vI

gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji| d‡j AskxR‡biv (Stakeholder) mnRfv‡e †Kv‡bv

Z_¨B cvq bv| Z_¨ cvIqv bv-cvIqvi m‡½ ¯”QZv, Revew`wnZv I

mykvm‡bi welqwUI RwoZ| ZvB mykvmb cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ Z‡_ï

Aeva cÖevnI wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq|

¯”QZv - ¯”QZv (Transparency) k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© wbfy©jZv,

m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e mwVKfv‡e I mnR‡eva¨Zv| ivóª cwiPvjbvq ¶z`ª ¶z`ª

cÖwZôvb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i m‡ev©”P chv©q ch©š— wewa-weav‡b I AvBb-Kvby‡b

^”QZv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Av‡jvK‡f`x ¯”Q KvM‡Ri g‡Zv iv‡óªi mKj

Kg©KvÛ „wóMÖvn¨, †evaMg¨ nIqv †evSv‡ZB GB kãwU eënvi Kiv hvq|

Gi m‡½ wbf©i‡hvM¨ (reliability) I h_v_©Zv (Validity ) RwoZ|

Revew`wnZv - Revew`wnZv ej‡Z †evSvq `vq-`vwq‡Z¡i ^xKv‡ivw³| GKgvÎ

GKbvqKZš¿ I ˆ¯îZvwš¿K ivóª eë¯’vq `vqe×Zv I Revew`wnZvi welq

_v‡K bv| wKš‘ GKwU AvaywbK MYZvwš¿K mgvR-eë¯’vq Revew`wnZv

_vKv Acwinvh©| Revew`wnZv _vK‡j ybx©wZ n«vm cvq| Revew`wnZv

`¶Zv I mZZv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| Revew`wnZv e¨w³ I cÖwZôvb h_v_©Zv

I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv evovq|

RbcÖkvmb - (Public administration)iv‡óªi †h cÖkvmb-eë ’v RbM‡Yi †mevi

cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KvR Kiv hvq Zv-B RbcÖkvmb| mywbw ©ó wbqg-bxwZ, AvBb-

Kvbyb I wewaweav‡bi AvIZvq RbcÖkvmb ivóªh‡š¿i g‡a¨ †_‡K `vq`vwqZ¡

cvjb K‡i| AvwacZ¨ ci¯úiv (hierarchy) AbymiY K‡i h_vh_fv‡e

cÖRvZ‡š¿i †mev cÖ vbB RbcÖkvm‡bi KvR| A_v©r wbgœZg †_‡K D”PZg



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evsjv msKjb 124

chv©q ch©š— µgwef³ KZ…©‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z msMwVZ RbcÖkvmb GKwU

ivóªh‡š¿i PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| mKj ¯—‡ii miKvwi

Kg©Pvix/Kg©KZv©MY RbcÖkvm‡bi m`m¨|

†gŠwjK AwaKvi - †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki euvPvi AwaKvi, RxweKvi AwaKvi, a‡g©i

AwaKvi, ms¯‹…wZi AwaKvi, wk¶v jv‡fi AwaKvi, wPwKrmvi jv‡fi

AwaKvi gZvgZ I msMV‡bi AwaKvi, wbev©wPZ Kiv I wbev©wPZ nIqvi

AwaKvi, m¤úwËi AwaKvi, Pzw³i AwaKvi, we‡qi AwaKvi, AvB‡bi

AwaKvi BZ¨vKvi AwaKvi‡K †gŠwjK AwaKvi e‡j| Avgv‡ì msweav‡bi

Z…Zxq fvMwU A_v©r 26 Zg aviv †_‡K 47 K aviv ch©š— wewa-weavb¸‡jv

bvMwiK‡ì †gŠwjK AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Aw½Kvi cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb

27 avivq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ÔmKj bvMwiK AvB‡bi „wó‡Z mgvb Ges

AvB‡bi mgvb Avkªq jv‡fi AwaKvi|

mykxj mgvR - RbM‡Yi AwaKvi I iv‡óªi ïfvïf wb‡q fvweZ ïf e„w× m¤úbœ cÖ‡Z¨K

bvMwiKB mykxj mgv‡Ri m`m¨| A_v©r GKwU †`‡ki †h m‡PZb I

†`k‡cÖwgK Rb‡Mvôx ivóª cwiPvjbvq miKvi‡K †hŠw³K mgv‡jvPbv K‡i

wKsev Drmvn cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g mn‡hvwMZv K‡i †mB Rb‡Mvôx‡KB e‡j

mykxj mgvR| ïay miKvi‡KB bq-†`‡ki me©¯—‡ii Kg©KvÊ wb‡qB Giv

K_v e‡jb I w`Kwb‡ ©kbv cÖ vb K‡ib| Giv RvwZi we‡eK wn‡m‡e

`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| d‡j `ybx©wZMÖ — ivóªeë ’vq mykxj mgvR msMÖvgx

f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges AwaKvsk †¶‡Î miKv‡ii †ivlvb‡j cwZZ nq|

†fvMev` - wMÖK `vk©wbK GwcwKDivm (wLªóc~e© 314-270) †fvMev` Gi (Epicurism) cÖe³v| GB gZev` Abymv‡i gvby‡li †gŠj AvKv•¶v †h‡nZz myL jvf †m‡nZz G `k©‡bi cÖavb KvRB nj ytL cwinv‡i K‡i gvbyl Kx K‡i AwaK my‡Li mÜvb †c‡Z cv‡i Zv †`wL‡q †Ìqv| GwcwKDivm e‡jwQ‡jb mKj cÖKvi myL †fvM¨ bq| Zuvi g‡Z e¨w³MZ I Bw› ªqMÖvn¨ myL bq-gvbwmK kvwš— jvfB gvbe-mgv‡Ri Awšó nIqv DwPZ| wKš‘ Zuvi wKQz wkl¨ ybx©wZi gva¨‡g cvcg~jK my‡Li c_ †e‡Q †bq| GwcwKDivm G‡ì Z¨vM K‡ib| eZ©gvb mg‡q Avgv‡ì †`‡k ybx©wZi gva¨‡g A_© I ¶gZv bvgK myL †fv‡Mi cÖeYZv wecyjfv‡e j¶

Kiv hvq| Av`k©, ˆbwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I b¨vq-Ab¨vq‡eva cwinvi K‡i mvgv‡Ri wKQz e¨w³ ybx©wZi gva¨‡g †fvMev`x Rxeb †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q| Giv cÖK…Z c‡¶ myLx gvbyl bq-†fvMev`x gvbyl|

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evsjv msKjb 125

wmwÛ‡KU - AvwfavwbK w`K †_‡K ÔwmwÛ‡KUÕ A_© n‡jv, ÔmvgwqKc‡Î cÖeÜ-wbeÜb,

e¨½wPÎ BZ¨vw` mieivnKvix evwYwR¨K mwgwZ; msev` mwgwZ|Õ wKš‘

eZ©gv‡b †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î kãwUi A‡_©i †bwZevPK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q|

A_v©r GLb wmwÛ‡KU ej‡Z †evSvq †mB Aïf eëmvwqK †Mvôx‡K hviv

mg‡eZfv‡e †Kv‡bv c‡Yï `vg evwo‡q †`q wKsev `vg evov‡bvi Rb¨

†Kv‡bv c‡Yï K…wÎg msKU m„wó K‡i| GB me `ybx©wZi m‡½ eo eo

eëmvqx cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ chv©‡qi Kg©KZv©/Kg©Pvix RwoZ _v‡K|

†cÖ¶vcU cwiwPwZ weMZ K‡qK eQi a‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡k ybx©wZi Awf‡hv‡M wecyjev‡e mgv‡jvwPZ n‡q G‡m‡Q| ejv nw”Qj

ybx©wZcivqY †jvK GLb Avi mgv‡Ri Am¤§vwbZ bq Ges `ybx©wZ‡K Aciva wn‡m‡e wPwýZ ivi cÖeYZvI

w`b w`b †jvc cv‡”Q| `ybx©wZi Rb¨ kvw —i AcÖZzjZv I mvgvwRKfv‡e wb›`v Kivi cÖeYZv n«vm cvIqvq

Avgv‡ì †`‡k ybx©wZ cÖvq AwjwLZ êaZvi chv©‡q G‡m uvwo‡q‡Q| GB Ae ’v wbtm‡›`‡n Kv‡iv Kvg¨

bq| ZvB wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ yb©xwZi îƒcPvwiÎ¨ D‡b¥vPb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| e¨w³ gvbyl †_‡K ïi“ K‡i mgvR

I iv‡óªi Rb¨ ybx©wZ Kxfv‡e Awfkvc n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i-wk¶v_x©‡` g‡a¨ †mB m‡PZbZv ˆZwii Rb¨

Ô`ybx©wZ : Dbœq‡bi Aš—ivq I DËi‡Yi c_Õ kxl©K cÖeÜwU cvV¨fy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cÖeÜwU cv‡V

wk¶v_x©‡ì g‡a¨ `ybx©wZ we‡ivax g‡bvfve ˆZwi n‡e Ges Zviv `ybx©wZi KviY I cÖwZ‡iv‡ai c_¸‡jv

mywbw`©ófv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

abx-`wi‡ ªi êlg¨ evwo‡q w`‡h ybx©wZ †h ïay A_©bxwZB‡ZB weiƒc cÖfve †d‡j Zv bq, AwaKš‘ mgv‡Ri

ˆbwZK I Av`wk©K g~j¨‡eva wkw_j K‡i w`‡q mvgvwRK wek„•LjvI m„wó K‡i| cwikªg K‡i Ges †gav I

eyw×gËv LvwU‡q A‡_v©cvR©‡bi g‡a¨ †h myw ’iZv I my ’Zv wbwnZ _v‡K ybx©wZ †mB my ’Zvi g~j¨‡ev‡ai

cwicwš’| ivZvivwZ weËkvjx nIqvi wQbœg~j gvbwmKZv †_‡K †h ybx©wZi D™¢e, Zv Kv‡iv Rb¨B g½jRbK

n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs mg‡qi `vwe †_‡KB wk¶v_x©‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb ybx©wZ Kx, ybx©wZ †Kb nq, ybx©wZi

cÖfve Ges ybx©wZ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq I c×wZ| †Kbbv `ybx©wZgy³ GKwU MYZvwš—K †`k Mo‡Z eZ©gvb

wk¶v_x©ivB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡e|

Abykxjbg~jK KvR fvlv Abykxjb DcmM©‡hv‡M kã MVb †hme eY© ev eY©mgwó k‡ãi c~‡e© e‡m A_© ev Kv‡Ri cwieZ©b NUvq Zv‡K DcmM© e‡j| ÔcÖÕ †Zgwb GKwU

DcmM©| wb‡gœ D³ Dcm‡M©i eënvi †`Lv‡bv nj:



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evsjv msKjb 126

cÖ- we‡klfv‡e A‡_© : cªkvmb, cÖ‡Póv, cÖgvY, cÖ vb, cÖfve|

mvg‡bi w`‡K A‡_© : cÖMwZ, cÖmvi, cÖvMÖmi|

mg¨K DrK…ó A‡_© : cÖMwZ, cÖg~Z©, cÖ‡gv`, cÖK…ó, cÖhZœ|

AvwaK¨ A‡_© : cÖjq, cÖej, cÖZvc, cÖ‡Kvc, cÖmvi, cÖMvp, cÖPvi, cÖKí|

evbvb mZK©Zv h-jv/h-jv Av-Kvi (¨/¨/v)

eëmv, eënvi, eë¯’v, e¨q, e¨vwa, e¨vcK, e¨vnZ|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. j¨vwUb kã ÔCorruptus’ Gi A_© Kx? K. weaŸ¯— L. aŸsm M. bó N. weK…Z 2. Ôg¨vbyqvj Ab A¨vw›U Kivckb cwjwmÕ Abyhvqx ybx©wZ Kx? K. A‡bï m¤ú‡ì cÖwZ mxgvnxb †jvf I n —‡¶c L. miKvwi wm×vš— ev —evq‡b m¤ú‡ì Aceënvi M. wm×vš— ev —evq‡b AvBwb RwUjZv N. e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_©v×v‡ii Rb¨ ¶gZvi Aceënvi 3. ybx©wZcÖeY †`‡k wbgœ Av‡qi gvby‡li µq¶gZv n«vm cvIqvi KviY nj- i. cÖvc¨ gRywii eÂbv ii. ªe¨ g~‡jï EaŸ©MwZ iii. m¤ú‡ì êlg¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i ,ii I iii wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|

KzÏym Avjx f~wg Awd‡mi Kg©Pvix| Awd‡m Dcwi Av‡qi my‡hvM _vKvq cÖPzi UvKvi gvwjK nb wZwb| GjvKvq Afv‡ei Zvovbvq †e‡P †Ìqv `wi‡`ªi dmwj Rwg †_‡K emwZwfUv ch©š— wK‡b m¤ú` M‡o‡Qb wZwb| ZvQvov Q‡j e‡j, K‡j- †KŠk‡jI A‡b‡Ki m¤úwË nvwZ‡q‡Qb wZwb|

4. KzÏym Avjxi AvPi‡Y Ô ybx©wZ, Dbœq‡bi Aš—ivq I DËi‡Yi c_Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? K. †fvMev`x g‡bvfve L. f~wg `my¨Zv M. `wi‡ ªi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ N. AnwgKv‡eva 5. D³ AvPiY mgvR Rxe‡bi gvby‡li Ici †h cÖfve †dj‡e Zvnj- i. wbivcËvnxbZv ii. Avq êlg¨ e„w× iii. m¤ú‡ì cÖwZ Avmw³

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evsjv msKjb 127

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i ,ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. wek¦wRZ ÔmgvR RvMiYÕ bv‡g GKwU †emiKvwi †¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’v cÖwZôv K‡ib| ms ’vwU cÖwZôvjMœ

†_‡K mybv‡gi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q| m¤cÖwZ ms ’vwUi wb‡qvM kvLv `¶Kgx© wb‡qv‡Mi j‡¶¨ weÁwß w`‡j K‡qK nvRvi PvKwicÖv_x© Av‡e`b K‡i| wKš‘ Gev‡ii wb‡qvMcÖvß Kgx©iv Kg©m~wP ev —evq‡b Avkvbyiƒc `¶Zv †`Lv‡Z e¨_© nq| wek¦wRZ j¶¨ Ki‡jb wb‡qvM kvLvi wKQz Kgx© Pjv‡divq wejvmx n‡q D‡V‡Q| AbymÜv‡b Rvbv †Mj wb‡qvM cix¶vi cÖkœcÎ duv‡mi gva¨‡g wKQz Kgx© evwo-Mvwoi gvwjK e‡b †M‡Q|

K. mykvmb Kx? L. evRvi Aw ’wZkxjZvi †cuQ‡b wmwÛ‡K‡Ui cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki| M. cÖkœ duv‡mi NUbvq ms ’vwUi Î“wU Ô ybx©wZ, Dbœq‡bi Aš—ivq I DËi‡Yi c_Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K

e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Kx c`‡¶c Dwj −wLZ cÖwZôvb‡K ybx©wZgy³ ivL‡Z cviZ, cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 2. `yR©q Zvi“Y¨ `ybx©wZ i“L‡eB GUvB †nvK †gv‡ì †k −vMvb c‡K‡U Kv‡jv UvKv gy‡Lv‡k gyL XvKv Zv‡ì gy‡Lvk †gviv Lyje bxwZi Avov‡j hviv jywK‡q Av‡Q Zviv RbZvi Kv‡Q Zz‡j aie| Ô71-G †gviv ¯^vaxbZv G‡bwQ Av‡iv GKUv ¯^vaxbZv PvB †mvbvi evsjv‡`‡k †`Le Ae‡k‡l ybx©wZ ej‡Z wKQz bvB| K. Revew`wnZv Kx? L. ybx©wZ‡iv‡a ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?

M. Ôc‡K‡U Kv‡jv UvKv gy‡Lv‡k gyL XvKvÕ- GLv‡b Kwe Kv‡ì D‡Ï‡k G K_v e‡j‡Qb? `yb©xwZ, Dbœq‡bi Aš—ivq I DËi‡Yi c_Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. KweZvq e¨³ cÖZ¨qwU †hb ^vaxbZv AR©‡b hyemgv‡Ri f~wgKvi cÖwZ”Qwe- †Zvgvi cwVZ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 128

Aciv‡nèi Mí ûgvq~b Avn‡g`

†jLK-cwiwPwZ evsjv‡`‡ki mgmvgwqK mvwnZ¨MR‡Z ûgvq~b Avn‡g` hv yKix bvg| g~jZ Jcb¨vwmK ûgvq~b Avn‡g`-Gi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Ôbw›`Z bi‡KÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 1972 mv‡j| GB A‡_© Zuv‡K mgKvjxb AvL¨vbKvi ejv hvq Zvui Avi GKwU c~e© mvwnZ¨Kg© nj Ôk•Lbxj KvivMvi| ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì Rb¥ 13 b‡f¤i 1948 mv‡j gqgbwmsn †Rjvi KzZzecyi MÖv‡g| imvq‡bi †gavex QvÎ W. ûgvq~b XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Ab©vm I gv÷vm Dfq cix¶v‡ZB cÖ_g †kªbx‡Z DËxY© nb| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi b_© Wv‡KvUv †÷U wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb cwjgvi †Kwgw÷‡Z M‡elYvi Rb¨ wc.GBU.wW wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi imvqb kv‡¯¿i G Aa¨vcK 1981 mv‡j Zvi mvwn‡Z¨K‡g©i ¯^xK…wZ¯î“c Ôevsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹viÕ jvf K‡ib| 1994 mv‡j wZwb cvb m‡ev©”P ivóªxq m¤§vb-GKz‡k c`K| GQvovI †c‡q‡Qb wkï GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, †jLK wkwei cyi¯‹vi, gvB‡Kj gaym~ b, Aj³ mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, wkívPvh© ÔRqbyj Av‡ew`b ^Y©c`K mn Av‡iv A‡bK cyi¯‹vi| 1972 †_‡K 1998 ch©š— `xN© mg‡q Zuvi Dcb¨vm mgMÖÕi `kg LÛB ïay cÖKvwkZ nqwb †mB m‡½ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Ômv‡qÝ wdKkb mgMÖÕ Ges GK Avðh© PwiÎ wgwmi Avjxi AvL¨vb wb‡q Ôwgwmi Avjx AgwbevmÕ| Zuvi iwPZ GKvwaK RbwcÖq Kvwnbx wb‡q wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q †Uwjwfkb bvUK| AmsL¨ bvUK I Dcb¨vm iPwqZv ûgvq~b Avn‡g` Pjw”PÎ wbgv©‡Yi †¶‡ÎI mgvb `¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi cwiPvwjZ gyw³hy×wfwËK QvqvQwe ÔAv¸‡bi cikgwbÕ †kªô Qwemn 8wU kvLvq †c‡q‡Q RvZxq Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vi|

cÖvq GK hyM Av‡Mi K_v (1994), Av‡gwiKvi Rb ncwKÝ wek¦we`¨vjq evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li R‡b¨ GKUv WKz‡g›Uvwi ˆZwi Ki‡e| welq GBWm| Rbm‡PZbg~jK Qwe| WKz‡g›Uvwi ˆZwii `vwqZ¡ coj Avgvi Ici| Avwg Mfxi R‡j cojvg| GBWm wel‡q Avgvi Ávi k~‡bï KvQvKvwQ| ïay Rvwb GwU GKwU fvBivmNwUZ e¨vwa| †h fvBivm †_‡K †ivMUv nq Zvi bvg Human Immune Deficiency Viruys| ms‡¶‡c HIV NvZK e¨vwa| Ilya Avwe®‹vi nq wb| GBWm nIqv gv‡bB g„Zz¨| k~b¨Ávb wb‡q WKz‡g›Uvwi ˆZwi‡Z nvZ †Ìqv hvq bv| welqwU fv‡jvg‡Zv Rvbv ìKvi| GKRb GBWm Gi †ivMx‡K Lye KvQ †_‡K †`Lv ìKvi| A‡bK †LuvRvLyuwRi ci wm‡j‡Ui GK MÖv‡g GKRb GBWm †ivMxi mÜvb cvIqv ‡Mj| Zvi bvg Avãyj gwR`| †m KvR KiZ B‡›`v‡bwkqvq| NvZK e¨vwa †m we‡`k †_‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Q| Zvi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z †Mjvg| †ivMxi AvZ¥xq¯^Rbiv ˆn ˆP ïi“ Kij, Avãyj gwR‡ì GBWm nq wb| meB yóz †jv‡Ki iUbv| Avãyj gwR` †bK e¨w³; Av`k© Rxeb hvcb K‡ib BZ¨vw`| Avgvi †jLK cwiwPwZi Kvi‡YB nq‡Zvev †ivMxi †`Lv cvIqv †Mj| †QvÆ GKUv N‡i K¼vjmvi GKRb gvbyl kxZjcvwU‡Z ï‡q Av‡Q| GKUz ci ci †m nv K‡i wbtk¦vm wb‡”Q| †Vuv‡Ui Kv‡Q K‡qKUv gvwQ e‡m Av‡Q| nvZ w`‡q gvwQ Zvovevi ¶gZvI gvbylwUi †bB| Zvi †PvL h²v‡ivMxi †Pv‡Li g‡Zv R¡jR¡j

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evsjv msKjb 129

Ki‡Q| †m cÖZx¶v Ki‡Q g„Zz i| †ePviv‡K †`‡L gbUv LyeB Lvivc n‡q †Mj wb‡Ri ARv‡š—B Zvi Kcv‡j nvZ ivLjvg| †m nvDgvD K‡i †Ku‡` DVj| Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡ZB ejj, Zvi GBWm n‡q‡Q GUv mwZ¨| †m wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨ gviv hv‡e GUvI mwZ¨| Zvi GKgvÎ ytL †KD Zvi Kv‡Q Av‡m bv| Zvi ¿x yB †Q‡j‡g‡q wb‡q ev‡ci evwo P‡j †M‡Q| †KD Zvi N‡i ch©š— †Xv‡K bv| Zv‡K Lvevi †Ìqv nq Rvbvjv w`‡q| Zvi N‡ii GKUv gvÎ Rvbvjv, †mUvI _v‡K eÜ| A_P †m cwiev‡ii Rb¨ KZ wKQzB bv K‡i‡Q| †m gv_v wbPz K‡i ejj, we‡`k †_‡K wb‡q AvmwQ| Lvivc †g‡q gvby‡li mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM wQj| Avgvi cv‡ci kvw —| c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK e¨wa‡KB cv‡ci kvw¯— wKsev Ck¦‡ii Awfkvc wn‡m‡e †`Lv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Kzô †ivM GBWm †ivM Gi Kcv‡j cv‡ci kvw —i wmj fv‡jvg‡Zv c‡o‡Q, KviY m¤¢veZ G †iv‡Mi m‡½ AmshZ †hŠbZvi mivmwi m¯ú„³Zv| G †ivM cÖ_g aiv c‡o mgKvgx‡ì g‡a¨ (1981 mvj, wbDBqK© Ges K¨vj‡dvwbqv)| ïi“‡Z M‡elKiv aviYv K‡iwQ‡jb, G ‡iv‡Mi cÖavb KviY mgKvwgZv| G aviYv GLb Avi †bB| 1983 m‡b divwm M‡elK jyK gbUiMwbqvi Ges 1987 m‡b Av‡gwiKvi ievU© M¨v‡jv Avwe®‹vi K‡ib fvBivmNwUZ G‡R›U HIV UvBc Iqvb †_‡K GBWm e¨vwai m„wó| cwðg Avwd«Kvi GBWm †ivMx‡ì cix¶v K‡i HIV UvBc Uz †ei Kiv nq| GBPAvBwfÕi cÖavbKvR, gvby‡li kix‡ii ^vfvweK †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv bó K‡i †Ìqv| UvBc Iqvb G KvRwU ª“Z, UvBc fvBivm KvR K‡i ax‡i| †iv‡Mi j¶Y RwUj wKQz bv- ~e©jZv, R¡i, Wvqwiqv, jwmKv MÖwš’i dz‡j hvIqv| GB AwZ mvaviY j¶‡Yi AmyL GK mgq msnviKg~wZ© aviY K‡i| GB Kvjvš—i e¨vwai fqvenZvi Kvi‡YB RvwZms‡N MwVZ n‡q‡Q GBWm welqK ms¯’v (UNAIDS)| 1jv wW‡m¤i‡K wek¦ GBWm wèm †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gw`b mviv wek¦e¨vcx AZ¨š— Avo¤^‡ii m‡½ wèmwU cvjb Kiv nq bvbv Kg©m~Pxi gva¨‡g| D‡Ïk¨ GKwU gvbyl‡K hZ cviv hvq m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv RvwZms‡Ni GBWm ms¯’vi cwimsL¨v †`L‡j AvuZ‡K DV‡Z nq| 2005 m‡bi wn‡m‡e GBPAvBwf msµwgZ gvby‡li msL¨v wQj Pvi †KvwUi †ewk| eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z cÖwZw`b 14 nvRvi gvbyl GBPAvBwf†Z Avµvš— n‡”Q| Am‡PZbZvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZw`b 8200 gvbyl GBWm Avµvš— n‡q gviv hv‡”Q| mvnviv gi“f~wgi Pvicv‡ki AvUPwj −kwU †`‡k GLb g„Zz i cÖavb KviY GBWm| A‡bK †`‡kB GB giYe¨vwa gvby‡li Mo Avqy `k eQi Kwg‡q w`‡q‡Q| fviZ, †bcvj, evg©v, Pxb, wf‡qZbvg, B‡›`v‡bwkqv Ges _vBj¨v‡Û GBWm ª“Z Qov‡”Q| †mB Zzjbvq Avgiv GL‡bv fv‡jv AvwQ| †Nvov GL‡bv jvMvgQvov nqwb| UNAIDS Gi GK cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k GBWm †ivMxi msL¨v 134, GBWm †_‡K g„Zz i msL¨v 74, GBPAvBwf c‡RwUf gvby‡li msL¨v 658| GB cwimsL¨v‡b Avb‡›` D‡j−vwmZ nevi wKQz †bB| KviY GiB g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf GBWm Avµv‡š—i msL¨v GK eQ‡i 658 †_‡K †e‡o 874 R‡b uvwo‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ GBWm Avµvš— n‡q‡Q 240 Rb Ges gviv †M‡Q 109 Rb|



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evsjv msKjb 130

myZivs cvMjv †Nvov †m †Kv‡bv mgq jvMvgvQvov n‡Z cv‡i| Kxfv‡e cv‡i, Zv e¨vL¨v Kivi Av‡M GBWm Kxfv‡e Qovq †m m¤ú‡K© GKUz e‡j wbB| gvby‡li kix‡i GBPAvBwf fvBivm †Kv_vq _v‡K? Zvi Ae¯’vb wZb RvZxq Zij c`v‡_© ex‡h©, i‡³ Ges gv‡qi y‡a| Kv‡RB †ivM Qov‡e wZb RvZxq Zi‡ji Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b| K. GBPAvBwf Avµvš— †ivMxi m‡½ Awbivc` †hŠb wgj‡b| Awbivc` †hŠb wgj‡bi A_© KbWgwenxb †hŠb wgj‡b| wjL‡Z A ^w — jvM‡Q, wKš‘ Ae ’v hv ùvwo‡q‡Q Zv‡Z †¯úW‡K †¯úW ejvB evÃbxq| L. i³ Av`vb-cÖ vb| GBPAvBwf Avµvš— †ivMxi i³ kix‡i †bIqv| M. wkïiv GBPAvBwf †Z Avµvš— nq gv‡qi ya cv‡b| evsjv‡`k wk¶vq AbMÖmi nZ`wi`ª GKwU †`k| cwZZve„wË `wi ª †`‡ki A‡bK Awfkv‡ci GKwU| †hŠbKg©xiv (bvix Ges cyi“l) bM‡i-M‡Ä Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| wkw¶Z AvaywbK Zi“Y-Zi“Yx‡ì g‡a¨ ˆbwZKZv Abykvmb †Zgbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q bv| Aeva †gjv‡gLv‡K GLb A‡b‡KB AvaywbKfv‡e Ask g‡b Ki‡Q| Z_vKw_Z GB AvaywbKZvi Kvi‡Y Zviv †h eo SuywKi g‡a¨ Av‡Q Zv Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡Q bv| eo ai‡bi SuywKi g‡a¨ Av‡Q G †`‡ki †g‡qiv| Zv‡ì †hŠbwk¶v †bB ej‡jB nq| g~j KviY †hŠbZv-welqK mg¯— e¨vcviUvB G †`‡k U¨vey| mgv‡R †g‡q‡ì Ae ’vb ye©j| Awbivc` †hŠb m¤úK© evav †èvi ¶gZvI G‡ì †bB| Avgv‡ì cv‡ki †`k¸wji GBWm †ivM wec`mxgv AwZµg K‡i‡Q| Gme †`‡ki m‡½ Avgv‡ì †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q| Avb›`-wccvmyiv †mme †`‡k hv‡”Qb| wfb‡`‡ki †hŠbKg©x‡ì m‡½ Zv‡ì †hvMv‡hvM n‡”Q| Zviv †`‡k wdi‡Qb GBPAvBwf fvBivm wb‡q| wb‡Riv wKš‘ UK K‡i †mUv eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| KviY GBPAvBwf gvby‡li kix‡i `xN©w`b myß Ae ’vq _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î `k eQi GBPAvBwf _vK‡e Nygš—| GBPAvBwf Nygš— _vK‡jI GBPAvBwf enb Kiv gvby‡liv †Zv Nygš— bv| Zviv gnvb‡›` Zv‡ì kix‡i GBPAvBwf Qwo‡q †eov‡eb| RvwZ AMÖmi n‡e fwel¨rnxb AÜKv‡ii w`‡K| evsjv‡`‡k gv`K MÖn‡Yi msL¨vI Avk¼vRbKfv‡e evo‡Q| wn‡ivBb Avm³iv myP w`‡q kix‡i wel †XvKv‡”Q| GKB myP AbïvI eënvi Ki‡Q| GBPAvBwf fvBivm Qov‡bvi Kx my›ì my‡hvM| G †`‡ki wKQz Amnvq gvbyl †eu‡P _v‡Kb kix‡ii i³ wewµ K‡i| Zv‡ìB Kv‡iv GBPAvBwf cwRwUf i³ hLb Ab¨ KvD‡K †Ìqv n‡e ZLb Ae ’vUv Kx n‡Z cv‡i? A‡bK DbœZ †`‡kI GiKg NUbv N‡U‡Q| ~wlZ i³ wg‡k †M‡Q e−vW e¨vs‡Ki i‡³|

wm‡j‡Ui GBWm †ivMxi Kv‡Q wd‡i hvB| Avwg †ivMxi AvZ¥xq¯Rb‡K †W‡K †evSvjvg †h G †ivM Ab¨vb¨ ‡Quvqv‡Q †iv‡Mi gZ bv| ^vfvweK †gjv‡gkvq G †ivM Qov‡e bv| GBWm †ivMx †h M−v‡m cvwb Lv‡”Q †mB M−v‡m Ab¨ †KD hw` cvwb cvb K‡i Zv‡ZI Zvi †ivM n‡e bv| Avgvi K_vq †Zgb KvR nj e‡j g‡b nj bv| Zviv †ivMxi w`‡K N„Yv Ges fq wb‡q ZvwK‡q iBj| cï-cvwL‡ì g‡a¨ †KD hw` †ivMMÖ — nq ZLb Avgiv Zv‡ì Z¨vM K‡i| †ivMx‡K gi‡Z nq m½xwenxb Ae ’vq GKv GKv| gvbyl †Zv cïcvwL bv| gvbyl †ivMx‡K †`L‡e cig Av`‡i Ges ggZvq| †ivM‡K N„Yv Kiv hvq †ivMx‡K †Kb?

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evsjv msKjb 131

Avwg GBWm †ivMx Avãyj gwR`‡K (Avmj bvg bv, bKj bvg) ejjvg, fvB Avwg AIDS wb‡q GKwU

WKz‡g›Uvwi evbve| Avcwb wK †mLv‡b KvR Ki‡eb?

Avãyj gwR` K¬vš— Mjvq ejj, ÒAvgvi jvf Kx? Avwg †Zv g‡iB hve|Ó

Avwg ejjvg, ÔAvcbvi jvf nj, WKz‡g›Uvwi †`‡L evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl mveavb n‡e|Õ Avãyj gwR` ivwR

n‡jb| Z‡e †kl ch©š— KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Avwg wm‡jU †_‡K wd‡i wPÎbvU¨ ˆZwi Kivi ci ciB

ïbjvg wZwb gviv †M‡Qb|

kãv_© I UxKv

Aciv‡nèi Mí - Av¶wiK A‡_© weKv‡ji Mí| M‡í †jLK weKvj ej‡Z

Rxe‡bi coš— †ejv A_v©r Rxe‡bi †kl cwiYwZ‡K

Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|

WKz‡g›Uvwi (Documentary) - cÖvgvY¨| WKz‡g›Uvwi wdj¥-cÖvgvY¨ wPÎ|

GBWm (AIDS ª) - Acquired Immune Deficiency Sendrome- GBWm GK ai‡bi fvBivmNwUZ †ivM| G †iv‡M

Avµvš— n‡j gvby‡li †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv bó n‡q

hvq, d‡j Zvi g„Zz¨ Awbevh© n‡q c‡o|

fvBivm (VIRUS ª) - msµvgK †iv‡Mi exR|

B‡›`v‡bwkqv - `w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvi GKwU †`k| cÖvq 17000 Øxc wb‡q

G †`kwU MwVZ| Awaevmx‡`i g‡a¨ kZKiv 88 Rb

gymjgvb| eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v mv‡o 23 †KvwU| 1945

mv‡j †`kwU nj¨vÛ-Gi KvQ †_‡K ^vaxbZvcÖvß nq|

B‡›`v‡bwkqvi ivRavbx RvKvZv©|

†bK e¨w³ - cyY¨evb e¨w³ ev gvbyl|

K¼vjmvi - nvo-cuvRi gvÎ Aewkó Av‡Q Ggb AZ¨š— kxY©|

cÖZx¶v - A‡c¶v| ARv‡š—-KvD‡K bv Rvwb‡q| AÁvZmv‡i|

Awfkvc - Avwfm¤úvZ| AwbóKvgbv|

Kzó †ivM - gnv‡ivMwe‡kl| Z‡e AvRKvj Kzó †iv‡Mi mnR

wPwKrmv i‡q‡Q|

†hŠbZv - ¯¿x-cyi“‡li weevn-DËi KvgcÖe„wË|

mgKvgx - Avmgwj½fy³ †hŠbKvgx|



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evsjv msKjb 133

wn‡ivBb (Heroin) - gv`K ªe¨| giwdb †_‡K ˆZwi gv`Kwe‡kl|

Avm³ - AwZkq Abyi³|

e−vW e¨vsK - i³fvÛvi| Amy¯’ ev AvnZ‡`i Rb¨ my ’ gvby‡li †`n

†_‡K AvnwiZ i‡³i mÂq-fvÛvi|

†Quvqv‡P †ivM - ¯úk© msµwgZ nq Ggb †ivM|

†ivMMÖ — - †ivMvµvš—| ggZv-‡mœn| gvqv| fvjevmv|

Abykxjbg~jK KvR

weï× D”PviY cÖ`Ë kã k‡ãi weï× D”PviY †jLK - †jLK& [j¨v‡LvKÕ bq] wbtk¦vm - wbk&kvk

cÖZx¶v - †cÖvwZK&Lv

gb - †gvb

ch©š— - †cvi&Rb‡Zv

j¶Y - †jvK‡Lvb&

Abykvmb - Ibykv‡kvb&

†`k - †`k [Ô`¨vkÕ bq]

AwZµg - IwZK‡µvg&

M−vm (Glass) - M−vm& [ÔM −vk&Õ bq]

†`L‡e - †`L&‡e [Ô`¨vL‡eÕ bq]

†`Lv - `¨vL¨v [Ô†`LvÕ bq]

nj - †nv‡jv

GKv - A¨vKv [ÔGKvÕ bq]

GKwU - GK&wU [ÔA¨vK&wUÕ bq]

†kl - †kk& [Ôk¨vk&Õ bq]

evbvb mZK©Zv e¨vwa Kzô

fv‡jvg‡Zv m¤ú„³Zv

msµwgZ giY



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evsjv msKjb 134

Kxfv‡e A¯w —

fwel¨r Avm³

`~wlZ †Quvqv‡P

†ivMMÖ — ˆZwi

ivwR Acivnè

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. GBWm †ivMwU KLb cÖ_g aiv c‡o? K. 1981 mv‡j L. 1983 mv‡j M. 1987 mv‡j N. 1994 mv‡j 2. evsjv‡`‡ki †g‡qiv GBWm †iv‡Mi SzwKi g‡a¨ Av‡Q| KviY, GLv‡b- i. †hŠbZv welqwU †Mvcbxq I j¾vKi ii. †hŠb wk¶vi cÖPjb †bB iii. mvgvwRKfv‡e †g‡q‡ì Ae ’vb `ye©j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i ,ii I iii Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges Gi wfwË‡Z 3 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| Zi“Y gwdR GBWm †iv‡M Avµvš—| m¤cÖwZ †m we‡q K‡i‡Q| 3. gwdR †KvbwU †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e? K. GK‡Î LvIqv-`vIqv L. GKB weQvbv eënvi M. mš—vb †bIqvi †Póv N. GKB †MvmjLvbv eënvi 4. gwdR Ges Zvi ¯¿xi Rb¨ †KvbwU Avek¨K? K. weevnwe‡”Q` L. c„_K weQvbv M. KbWg eënvi N. wfbœ Lvevi 5. ¯¿x‡K wb‡q gwdR ¯^vfvweK msmvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e hw` Zviv- i. †hŠb wgj‡b wbivc` _v‡K ii. c„_K weQvbv eënvi K‡i iii. mš—vb AvKvO¶v Z¨vM K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i ,ii I iii

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evsjv msKjb 135

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. ˆmq` mv‡ne hLb bq eQ‡ii Kzmyg‡K Zz‡j Avb‡jb ZL‡bv †evSv hvw”Qj bv †m †eu‡P Av‡Q wKbv! G Ae¯’vq wZwb fve‡Qb GB †Zv †mw`b Ii evev we‡`k †_‡K Gj| evev †hw`b gviv †Mj †mw`b Kzmy‡gi Rb¥| GZw`b †m ci‡nRMvi gv‡qi Avkª‡q c~Y© wbivcËvq wQj| †Mj gv‡m †g‡qwUi gvI gviv †Mj| KZ gvby‡liB †Zv gv-evev _v‡K bv| ZvB e‡j AvZ¥nZ¨v! A‡bK †Póvq Kzmy‡gi Ávb wdi‡j Rvbv †Mj Zvi i‡³ HIV c‡RwUf cvIqv †M‡Q| Zvi gv‡qi g„Zz i KviYI ZvB| Avcb fvB-†ev‡biv Zv‡K GKN‡i K‡i w`‡q‡Q| †KD Zvi m‡½ LvIqv-`vIqv K‡i bv| †gjv‡gkv K‡i bv| GgbwK K_v ch©š— e‡j bv|

K. HIV †ivM cÖ_g †Kv_vq aiv c‡o? L. G †`‡k †hŠbZv welq‡K ÔU¨veyÕ ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Kzmy‡gi HIV Avµvš— nIqvi KviY ÔAciv‡nèi MíÕ Aej¤^‡b e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ôˆmq` mv‡ne Kzmyg‡K D×vi K‡i HIV msµg‡bi SzuwK wb‡q‡Qb|Õ ÔAciv‡nèi MíÕ Aej¤‡b

we‡k−lY Ki| 2. gvRnvi mv‡ne †emiKvwi ms ’vi D”Pc` ’ Kg©KZ©v| Awd‡mi Kv‡R wZwb iscy‡i hvw”Q‡jb|

cw_g‡a¨ wZwb moK yN©Ubvq c‡ob| ¸i“Zifv‡e AvnZ gvRnvi mv‡ne‡K wbKU ’ nvmcvZv‡j †bIqv nq| AwZwi³ i³¶i‡Yi Rb¨ Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Zv‡K i³ †`Iqv nq| gvmLv‡bK c‡i wZwb my ’ n‡q DV‡jb| wKš‘ Qq gvm c‡i i³ cix¶vi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb wZwb HIV fvBiv‡m Avµvš—| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb yN©Ubvi mgq wZwb Rxeb euvPv‡Z †h i³ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb AvR †mB i³B Zvi g„Zz i KviY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q|

K. Avãyj gwR` †Kv_vq KvR Ki‡Zb? L. Ô†ivM‡K N„Yv Kiv hvq, †ivMx‡K bq|Õ- Gi Øviv †jLK Kx eywS‡q‡Qb| M. gvRnvi mv‡n‡ei HIV fvBiv‡m Avµvš— nevi KviY ÔAciv‡nèi M‡íÕ Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔgvRnvi mv‡ne `yN©Ubvi mgq Rxeb euvPv‡Z †h i³ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb AvR ZvB g„Zz i KviY n‡q

uvwo‡q‡Q|Õ Dw³wUi Zvrch©Zv ÔAciv‡nèi M‡íiÕ Av‡jv‡K we‡k−lY Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 136

e½fvlv gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

gvB‡Kj gaym~ b `Ë evsjv mvwn‡Zï GK AmvaviY cÖwZfvai Kwe| wZwb AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi RbK| Zuvi mgMÖ Rxeb NUbvenyj I AZ¨š— bvUKxq| wn› y K‡j‡R Aa¨qbKv‡j Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ m„wó n‡qwQj Zuvi Zxeª AbyivM| wLªó ag© MÖnY Kivq Zuvi bv‡gi Av‡M ÔgvB‡KjÕ bvgwU hy³ nq| gaym~ b wMÖK, j¨vwUb, wneªy, divwm, Rvg©vb, BZvwjq BZ¨vw` 13/14 wU fvlv wk‡LwQ‡jb Ges cvðvZ¨ wPivqZ mvwnZ¨ Aa¨qb K‡iwQ‡jb| mvwnZ¨PP©vi ïi“‡Z wZwb Bs‡iwR fvlvq MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| c‡i fyj fvO‡j evsjv fvlv-mvwn‡Z¨ Ae`vb †i‡L wPi¯§iYxq nb wZwb| gaym~ b AwgÎv¶i Q›` cÖeZ©b K‡i evsjv Kv‡e¨ êc−weK cwieZ©b m~wPZ K‡ib| Zuvi weL¨vZ Ô †gNbv` ea Kve¨Õ evsjv fvlvq cÖ_g mv_©K gnvKe¨| Ôkwg©ôvÕ ÔcÙveZxÕ BZ¨vw` AvaywbK evsjv bvU‡Ki cÖ_g iPwqZvI wZwb| Zuvi †jLv ÔG‡KB wK e‡j mf¨ZvÕ I Ôey‡ov kvwj‡Ki Nv‡o †iuvÕ evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g yÕwU mv_©K cÖnmb| cÖ_g evsjv m‡bU iPwqZvI wZwb| Zuvi †jLv m‡bU¸‡jv ÔPZz`©kc`x KweZvejxÕ MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| gvB‡K‡ji Ab¨ Kve¨MÖš’ ÔwZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨Õ, ÔeªRv½bvÕ I Ôexiv½bvÕ| gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi Rb¥ h‡kvi †Rjvi mvMi`vwo MÖv‡g 1824 wLªóv‡ã, g„Zz¨ 1873 wLªóv‡ã|

†n e½, fvÊv‡i Ze wewea iZb;- Zv m‡e, (A‡eva Avwg!) Ae‡njv Kwi, ci-ab-†jv‡f gË, Kwiby ågY ci‡`‡k, wf¶ve„wË Kz¶‡Y AvPwi| KvUvBby eû w`b myL cwinwi! Awb ªvq, Abvnv‡i muwc Kvq, gbt, gwRby wedj Z‡c Ae‡i‡Y¨ ewi;- †Kwjby ˆkev‡j, fywj Kgj-Kvbb!

¯‡cœ Ze Kzjj²x K‡q w`jv c‡i,Ñ ÒI‡i evQv, gvZ…‡Kv‡l iZ‡bi ivwR, G wfLvix-`kv Z‡e †Kb †Zvi AvwR? hv wdwi, AÁvb ZzB, hv †i wdwi N‡i|Ó cvwjjvg AvÁv my‡L; cvBjvg Kv‡j gvZ…fvlv-i~c Lwb, c~Y© gwYRv‡j \

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evsjv msKjb 137

kãv_© I UxKv †n e½ - e½ ej‡Z Kwe evsjv fvlv‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡KB m‡¤^vab

K‡i‡Qb|

fvÛv‡i Ze wewea iZb - evsjv fvlvq iwPZ mvwnZ¨-fvÛvi êwPÎgq I DrKl©gwÛZ mvwnZ¨-

m¤ú‡` cwic~Y©|

Zv m‡e - †m me‡K, †m¸‡jv‡K|

A‡eva - wb‡e©va, KvÛÁvbnxb|

ciab- †jv‡f gË - c‡ii m¤ú‡ì †jv‡f AwZgvÎvq AvK…ó| ciab ej‡Z cvðvZ¨

mvwnZ¨‡K eywS‡q‡Qb| Kwe gaym~ ‡bi ^cœ I AvKvO¶v wQj

Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï Kwe nevi| ZvB wZwb cvðv‡Z¨ mvwn‡Zï fve-

m¤ú` Avni‡Y g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi mvwnZ¨-mvabvi m~Pbv

n‡qwQj Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ iPbvi gva¨‡g| c‡i fyj eyS‡Z †c‡j

evsjv mvwn‡Zï mvabvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|

ci‡`‡k - we‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨‡¶Z¨| BD‡iv‡c Kwei cÖevmRxe‡bi K_v GLv‡b

ejv nqwb| KviY mvwnZ¨ Rxe‡bi †k‡l A‡_©vcvR©‡bi Avmvq Kwe

†`kZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb|

wf¶ve„wË - we‡`wk mvwnZ¨‡K ciab we‡ePbv Kivq Zvi PP©v‡K wZwb wf¶ve„wËi

mgZzj¨ g‡b K‡i‡Qb| wb‡Ri m¤ú`‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Ab¨ fvlvq

m¤ú‡ì Øvi ’ nIqvi Rb¨ Aby‡kvPbv I AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbvi †eva

GLv‡b cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

Kz¶‡Y - Ak~f mg‡q| Abwf‡cÖZ gyn~‡Z©|

AvPwi - AvPiY K‡i| Aej¤^b K‡i|

KvUvBby - KvUvjvg|

cwinwi - cwinvi K‡i| Z¨vM K‡i| GLv‡b ewÂZ n‡q|

muwc - mu‡c, mgc©Y K‡i|

Kvq - †`n, kixi|

gbt - gb, Aš—i, Aš—tKiY, wPË|

gwRby - gMœ njvg, we‡fvi njvg, AZ¨waK Avm³ njvg|

wedj Z‡c - wbõj ev e¨_© Zcm¨vq|



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evsjv msKjb 138

Ae‡i‡Y¨ - hv eiY ev MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| we‡`wk fvlv‡K ciab wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qb

e‡jB Kwe ÔAe‡i‡Y¨Õ kã cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| cÖ‡qvMwU‡K GB A‡_©I

nqZ †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i-hv eiY Kiv ev MÖnY Kiv ev mva¨ ev

mvg‡_© i evB‡i| gvB‡Kj gaym~ b `Ë wQ‡jb enyfvlvwe` evOvwj|

c„w_exi wewfbœ fvlvq †kªô eny mvwnZ¨K‡g©i m‡½ Zuvi Nwbô cwiPq

wQj; wKš‘ gvZ…fvlvi †P‡q e‡ov wKQz n‡Z cv‡i bv-GB †evaB

Kwe‡K Zuvi wb‡Ri fvlv-mvwn‡Zï Kv‡Q wdwi‡q G‡bwQ‡jb|

ewi - eiY K‡i| Kwe gaym~`b Zuvi mvwnZ¨-PP©vi ïi“‡Z cvðvZ¨

mvwn‡Zï mvabvq eªZx n‡qwQ‡jb| gv ªv‡R _vKvKv‡j cÖPÛ cwikªg

K‡ib wewfbœ fvlv I mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡b| gvZ…fvlv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i

Bs‡iwR fvlvi Kve¨ iPbv Kivi Rb¨ †h cÖqvm †m mg‡q wZwb

Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb Zv †h e¨_© cÖqvm wQj Zv wZwb †kl ch©š— eyS‡Z

cv‡ib| GLv‡b Av‡¶‡ci my‡i †m K_vB e‡j‡Qb wZwb|

†Kwjby - †Ljv Kijvg|

ˆkevj - k¨vIjv|

Kgj-Kvbb - cÙeb|

†Kwjby ˆkev‡j, fywj Kgj-Kvbb - Kwe evsjv fvlv‡K c‡Ùi Ges Bs‡iwR fvlv‡K k¨vIjvi m‡½ DcwgZ K‡i‡Qb| Kwei e³e¨: evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨‡K D‡c¶v K‡i we‡`wk fvlv I mvwn‡Zï PP©v K‡i wZwb fyj K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi mvabv e¨_© n‡q‡Q| G †hb cÙeb‡K D‡c¶v K‡i k¨vIjv wb‡q †Ljv Kiv|

Kzjj²x - gvZ…fvlvq KweZv iPbvi ˆèx †cÖiYv‡K Kwe gvZ…fvlvi AvwaôvÎx †èx wn‡m‡e Kíbv K‡i‡Qb|

¯‡cœ Ze Kzjj²x K‡q w`jv c‡i - gvZ…fvlvq mvwnZ¨PP©vi g~‡j Kwe †h Mfxi †cÖiYv Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡K Kwe evsjv fvlvq AwaôvÎx †èxi ^cœv‡`k e‡j Kíbv K‡i‡Qb|

gvZ…‡Kv‡l - gvZ…fvlvi fvÛv‡i A_©vr evsjv mvwn‡Z¨| iZ‡bi ivwR - iZœmg~n A_©vr wewPÎ Hk¦h©gq mvwnZ¨wb`k©b¸‡jv| G wfLvwi-`kv - Kwe wfLvixi g‡Zv we‡`wk mvwn‡Zï yqv‡i nvZ †c‡ZwQ‡jb| hv †i wd‡i N‡i - gvZ…fvlvi mvwnZ¨ m„wói Kv‡R eªZx nI| AvÁv - Av‡`k, wb‡ ©k| cvwjjvg - cvjb Kijvg, gvb¨ Kijvg|

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evsjv msKjb 139

Kv‡j - h_vmg‡q, GK mg‡q| gvZ…fvlv i~c-Lwb c~Y© gwYRv‡j - gvZ…fvlv I mvwn‡Zï fvÛvi †hb Lwbi g‡Zv Abš— iZœm¤ú‡ì

AvKi| Lwb †_‡K †hgb wewPÎ iZœivwR jvf Kiv hvq †Zgwb evsjv

fvlv I mvwnZ¨ ARmª Hk¦h© I m¤¢vebvq ficyi| evsjv mvwn‡Zï

Ag~j¨ iZœ e‡j †hme myKv‡eï K_v Kwe Zuvi ÔPZz ©kc`x

ÔPÛxg½jÕ, fviZP‡› ªi ÔAbœ v-g½jÕ, Kvkxivg `v‡mi ÔgnvfviZÕ,

K…wËev‡mi ÔivgvqYÕ, Kvwj`v‡mi Ô †gN`~ZÕ I Rq‡`‡ei

ÔMxZ‡Mvwe›`| Drm gvB‡Kj gaym~ b `Ë 1860 wLª÷v‡ãi †mÞ¤î-A‡±ve‡i eÜz ivRbvivqY emy‡K †jLv GKwU wPwV‡Z Rvbvb

wZwb evsjv fvlvq m‡bU †jLv ïi“ K‡i‡Qb Ges ÔKwe-gvZ…fvlvÕ bv‡g GKwU m‡bU wj‡L‡Qb| cieZ©xKv‡j

GB m‡bUwU cwiewZ©Z bei~‡c Ôe½fvlvÕ bv‡g ÔPZz ©kc`x KweZvejxÕ MÖ‡š’ ’vb jvf K‡i|

Q›` Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvwU A¶ie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| cÖwZwU Pi‡Y 14 gvÎvq ywU ce©| cÖ_g ce© 8 gvÎvq I wØZxq

ce© 6 gvÎvi| wbg©vY ˆkjx m‡bU m‡bU KweZvi GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi i~cKí| GKwU m‡b‡U 14wU cO&w³ _v‡K| IB 14 cO&w³ 8 cO&w³ I

6 cO&w³‡Z wefvwRZ nq-cÖ_g 8 cO&w³‡K e‡j AóK (octave), Avi †kl 6 cO&w³‡K e‡j lUK

(sestet)| GKwU m‡bU GKwU gvÎ fv‡ei evnb, Zvi g‡aÏ Aó‡K-lU‡K GKUz cv_©K¨ _v‡K| Aó‡K †h

fve cÖKvwkZ nq lU‡K Zvi m¤cÖmviY _v‡K A‡bK mgq-ev Clr miv‡bv e³e¨-GgbwK we‡ivax †Kv‡bv

cÖkœI D”PvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ AóK-lUK wgwj‡q KweZvi GKwU ALÛ gÛj iwPZ nq| MV‡bi w`K

†_‡K m‡bU cÖavbZ yÕiKg: †cÎvK©xq I †kK&mcxqixq|

Ôe½fvlvÕ m‡bUwU ixwZ ev wg‡ji w`K †_‡K AwbqwgZ ai‡bi| KweZvi PiY¸‡jvi Aš—wgj GiKg : KL

KL, LK LK, MN NM, OO| KweZvi cÖ_g PviwU PiY I †kl yÕwU PiY †kK&mcxqixq ixwZ‡Z iwPZ, cÂg

†_‡K Aóg-GB PviwU PiY AwbqwgZ †kK&mcxqixq X‡Oi, beg †_‡K Øv`k-GB PviwU Pi‡Y †cÎvK©xq

XO †`Lv hvq| Abb¨ êwkó¨ GB KweZvq Kwei e¨w³ Rxe‡bi cÖfve c‡o‡Q| Bs‡iwR fvlvq KweZv iPbv Kivi A`g¨ B”Qv †_‡K Kwe

cvðvZ¨ mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡b Mfxifv‡e g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zuvi cÖ_g Kve¨ ÔK¨vcwUf †jwWÕ Kve¨



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evsjv msKjb 140

wn‡m‡e mgv „Z bv nIqvq wZwb evsjv fvlvq mvwnZ¨ iPbvi ïi“ K‡ib Ges AmvaviY mvdj¨ AR©b

K‡ib| Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvq GB w`KwUB Awfbe fveKíbvq evYxi~c †c‡q‡Q|

Ôe½fvlvÕ ïay evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g m‡bU bq, GwU evsjv mvwn‡Zï †miv m‡bUmyM‡jvi GKwU Gi fvee¯‘

†hb gvwR©Z, cwikxwjZ I msnZ †Zgwb wkíi~c wbwg©wZ DuPzgv‡bi| 14 Pi‡Yi mxwgZ Avw½K cwim‡i

Kwei ALÊ fveKíbv µgweKwkZ n‡q PgrKvi cwiYwZ †c‡q‡Q| Aó‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ

D‡c¶vRwbZ g‡bv‡e`bv, lU‡K Av‡Q ¯cœ-wb‡ ©‡k mvwnZ¨-mvabvi avivi cwieZ©‡b wmw× AR©‡bi

cwiZ…wß| GB m‡b‡U Kwe ïay Zuvi myMfxi ü`qv‡eM‡KB cÖKvk K‡ib wb, me wKQz‡K Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q

gvZ…Qvqvi gwngv Ges H fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei myMfxi ì`|

Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvwU m‡bU iPbvq gaym~ ‡bi AmvaviY mvd‡jï cwiPq wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q| Abykxjbg~jK KvR fvlv Abykxjb Kv‡e¨ we‡kl i~‡c eëüZ k‡ã wkó PwjZ i~c GB KweZvq eëüZ wb‡Pi kã¸‡jv Ges Zvi wkó PwjZ i~c j¶ Ki:

Ze - †Zvgvi

Zv m‡e - †m me (†K)

muwc - mu‡c|

gwRby - gRjvg| wbgw¾Z njvg|

Kwi - K‡i|

Kwiby - Kijvg|

AvPwi - AvPiY K‡i|

KvUvBby - KvUvjvg|

cwinwi - cwinvi K‡i|

†Kwjby - †Ljjvg|

fywj - fy‡j|

K‡q w`jv - e‡j w`‡jv|

wdwi - wd‡i|

cvwjjvg - cvjb Kijvg|

Gevi KweZvwU‡K wkó PwjZ M‡`¨ i~cvš—i Ki| A-, Ab-DcmM© A-, Ab-DcmM© Ab¨ k‡ãi m‡½ hy³ n‡q kãwU‡K bv- †evaK A_© (bq,†bB BZ¨vw`) †`q| †hgb-

†eva / A‡eva www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 141

wb ªv / Awb ªv

Avnvi / Abvnvi

e‡iY¨ / Ae‡iY¨

Ávb / AÁvb

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. e½fvlvÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? K. îe„Ë L. gvÎve„Ë M. gy³K N. A¶ie„Ë 2. ÔgwRby wedj Z‡cÕ— PiYvs‡k †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q Kwei— K. evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ Ae‡njv L. Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ AvKl©Y M. evsjv fvlvi †mŠ›`‡h© Abvmw³ N. Bs‡iwR fvlvq mvwnZ¨ PP©vq e¨_©Zv wb‡Pi KweZvsk y‡Uv j¶ Ki Ges 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| cvBjvg Kv‡j gvZ…fvlv-iƒcLwb; c~Y© gwYRv‡j| ********************* gv‡qi gy‡Li fvlv †hb gwb gy³v‡ng, iPbv Kwiqv hZ AjsKvi f‡i Zzwj gv‡qi fuvovi! 3. KweZvsk ywUi g‡a¨ mv „k¨ Av‡Q Gi— i. fv‡e ii. Q‡›` iii. AjsKv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4. KweZvsk ywUi GB mv „k¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb PiYwU‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K. †Kwjby ‰kev‡j, fywj Kgj-Kvbb! L. ci‡`‡k, wf¶ve„wË Kz¶‡Y AvPwi M. †n e½, fvÛv‡i Ze wewea iZb; N. ciab †jv‡f gË, Kwiby ågY

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| cj−xi Nv‡U, gv‡V, cj−xi Av‡jv evZv‡m, cj−xi ci‡Z ci‡Z mvwn‡Z¨ Qwo‡q Av‡Q| cj −x mvwnZ¨

m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ cj−x Mvb¸‡jv Ag~j¨ iZœwe‡kl, kû‡i Mv‡bi cÖfv‡e †m¸‡jv AvR ee©i Pvlvi Mvb e‡j f ª mgv‡R Avi weKvq bv| evsjvi DcK_v¸‡jv GK RvqMvq Ro Ki‡j wek¦‡Kv‡li g‡Zv



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evsjv msKjb 142

evjv‡g Zvi msKzjvb nZ bv| cÖev` ev‡K¨ Ges WvK I Lbvi eP‡b KZ hy‡Mi f~‡qv`k©‡bi cwicK¡ dj mwÂZ n‡q Av‡Q, †K Zv A ^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡i?

K. ÔKvUvBby eûw`b myL cwinwiÕ PiYwU‡Z ÔcwinwiÕ kãwUi PwjZ iƒcwU Kx? L. we‡`wk fvlvq mvwnZ¨ PP©v‡K Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvq Kwe Ôwf¶ve„wËÕ e‡j‡Qb †Kb? M. Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvi Aó‡Ki †Kvb welqwU Aby‡”Q‡`i cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡` cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔKweZvwU †hb ÔgvZ…‡Kv‡l iZ‡bi ivwRÕ Gi PiYwUi mv_©K cwic~iKÕ— GB e³e¨wUi h_v_©Zv

wbiƒcY Ki| 2| †hB †`‡k †hB evK¨ K‡n biMY| †mB evK¨ ey‡S cÖfy Av‡c wbiÄb|| ************************ †`kx fvlv we`¨v hvi g‡b b Ryqvq| wbR †`k Z¨vMx †Kb we‡`k b hvq|| gvZvwcZvmn µ‡g e‡½Z emwZ| †`kx fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZ|| K. Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvwUi Aó‡Ki gyjfve Kx? L. we‡`kx fvlvq mvwnZ¨ PP©vq Kwe wedj n‡jb †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. KweZvskwUi †kl PiY ywU‡Z Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvi NU&†Ki †Kvb cO&w³i fvev‡_©i cÖwZdjb

N‡U‡Q—e¨vL¨v Ki| N. MVb‰kjxi wfwË‡Z Ôe½fvlvÕ KweZvi lU&†Ki m‡½ KweZvskwUi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 143

†mvbvi Zix iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

Kwe cwiwPwZ wek¦Kwe iex› ªbv_ VvKzi wQ‡jb AZzjbxq I me©‡ZvgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix KweZv QvovI †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, mgv‡jvPbv, cÎmvwnZ¨, igïPbv, ågY Kvwnbx, msMxZ-cÖwZwU wefv‡MB i‡q‡Q Zvui Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvi weij`„wó cwiPq| GQvovI wZwb wQ‡jb Abb¨ wPÎwkí; mvwnZ¨-cwÎKvi m¤úv`K I `¶ wk¶v msMVK| Ôkvwš—wb‡KZbÕ I wek¦fviZxÕ ZvuiB Ae`vb| gvÎ cbi eQi eq‡m Zvui cÖ_g Kve¨ ÔebdzjÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| Avi 1913 wLªóv‡ã we‡k¦i †kªô Kwei ghv© v wb‡q wZwb Gkxq‡ì g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g mvwn‡Z¨ Ô†bv‡ej cyi¯‹viÕ cvb| evsjv †QvUM‡íi cw_K„r wZwb| Zvui AmvaviY †QvUMí¸‡jv cÖavbZ msKwjZ n‡q‡Q ÔMí¸”QÕ MÖ‡š’i PviwU L‡Ê I ÔMímíÕ MÖ‡š’| Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ, ÔwPÎvÕ, ÔejKvÕ, gvbmxÕ, ÔKíbvÕ, BZ¨vw` weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’mn Zvui ARmª MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ AviI D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡”Q Ô†bŠKvWyweÕ, Ô†MvivÕ, ÔN‡i evB‡iÕ, ÔPvi Aa¨vqÕ, Ô†k‡li KweZvÕ BZ¨vw` Dcb¨vm, Ôi³ KiexÕ, ÔivRvÕ, ÔwPÎv½`vÕ, ÔWvKNiÕ, ÔwPiKzgvi mfvÕ, ÔwemR©bÕ, BZ¨vw` bvUK I cÖnmb; ÔwewPÎÕ ÔcÖeÜÕ,ÔKvjvš—iÕ, ÔcÂf~ZÕ, Ômf¨Zvi msKUÕ BZ¨vw` cÖeÜ: Ôevsjv fvlv cwiPqÕ, Ô†jvKmvwnZ¨Õ, ÔmvwnZ¨Õ fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I wk¶v BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv MÖš’| iex›`ªbv‡_i Rb¥ KjKvZvi †Rvovmuv‡Kvi weL¨vZ VvKzi cwiev‡i 1861 wLªóv‡ãi 7 †g, evsjv 25 êkvL 1268 e½v‡ã Ges g„Zz 1941 wLªóv‡ãi 7 AvM÷, evsjv 22 kªveY, 1348 e½v‡ã|

MM‡b Mi‡R †gN, Nb eilv| K~‡j GKv e‡m AvwQ, bvwn fimv| ivwk ivwk fviv fviv avb KvUv nj mviv, fiv b`x ¶ziaviv LicikvÑ KvwU‡Z KvwU‡Z avb Gj eilv \ GKLvwb †Qv‡Uv †LZ, Avwg G‡Kjv \ Pvwi w`‡K euvKv Rj Kwi‡Q †Ljv \ cicv‡i †`wL AvuKv Zi“Qvqvgmx-gvLv MÖvgLvwb †g‡N XvKv cÖfvZ‡ejvÑ Gcv‡i‡Z †Qv‡Uv †LZ, Avwg G‡Kjv \



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evsjv msKjb 144

Mvb †M‡q Zix †e‡q †K Av‡m cv‡i! †`‡L †hb g‡b nq wPwb Dnv‡i| fiv cv‡j P‡j hvq, †Kv‡bv w`‡K bvwn Pvq, †XD¸wj wbiycvq fv‡O `yÕav‡iÑ †`‡L †hb g‡b nq wPwb Dnv‡i \ I‡Mv, Zzwg †Kv_v hvI †Kvb& we‡`‡k? ev‡iK wfovI Zix K~‡j‡Z G‡m| †h‡qv †h_v †h‡Z PvI, hv‡i Lywk Zv‡i `vIÑ kyay Zywg wb‡q hvI ¶wYK †n‡m Avgvi †mvbvi avb K‚‡j‡Z G‡m \ hZ PvI ZZ jI ZiYx-c‡i| Avi Av‡QÑAvi bvB, w`‡qwQ f‡i \ GZKvj b`xK‚‡j hvnv j‡qwQby fy‡j mKwj w`jvg Zz‡j _‡i we_‡iÑ GLb Avgv‡i j‡nv KiyYv K‡i \ VuvB bvB, VuvB bvBÑ †Qv‡Uv †m Zix Avgvwi †mvbvi av‡b wM‡q‡Q fwi| kªveYMMb wN‡i Nb †gN Ny‡i wd‡i, k~b¨ b`xi Zx‡i iwnby cwoÑ hvnv wQj wb‡q †Mj †mvbvi Zix \ kãv_© I UxKv fimv - Avkv, Avk¦vm, wbf©ikxjZv, Av¯’v| fviv fviv - †evSv †evSv, eny †evSv nq Ggb| ¶ziaviv - ¶z‡ii g‡Zv aviv‡jv †h cÖevn ev †mªvZ|

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evsjv msKjb 145

Licikv - kvwYZ ev aviv‡jv ek©v| GLv‡b aviv‡jv ek©vi g‡Zv| Avwg - mvaviY A‡_© K…lK| cÖZxwK A‡_© Kwe wb‡R| Avwg G‡Kjv - K…lK wKsev Kwei wbtm½ Ae ’v cÖKvk Ki‡Q| Pvwiw`‡K euvKv Rj Kwi‡Q †Ljv - avb‡¶ZwU †QvU Øx‡ci g‡Zv| Zvi Pvicv‡k N~Y©vqgvb †mªv‡Zi

DÏvgZv| b`xi ÔeuvKvÕ Rj‡mªv‡Z cwi‡ewóZ †QvU RwgUzKzi Avky wejxqgvb nIqvi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q G As‡k| euvKv Rj GLv‡b Kvj‡mªv‡Zi cÖZxK|

ZiyQvqvgmx-gvLv - MvQcvjvi Qvqvi Kvj‡P is gvLv| Mvb †M‡q Zix †e‡q †K Av‡m cv‡i - GK AcÖZ¨vwkZ gvwS wnsmª Rj‡mªvZ Aejxjvµ‡g cvwo w`‡q

†QvU †bŠKv †e‡q GwM‡q Av‡m| †K GB gvwS? iex› ªbv‡_i g‡Z GB gvwS Avm‡j gnvKv‡ji cÖZxK|

†`‡L †hb g‡b nq wPwb Dnv‡i - K…l‡Ki aviYv, †bŠKvi gvwS m¤¢eZ Zuvi c~e© cwiwPZ| †Kv‡bv w`‡K bvwn Pvq - †h gvwS‡K g‡b n‡qwQj c~e© cwiwPZ e‡j, Zuvi AvPi‡Y AcwiP‡qi

wbwe©KviZ¡ I wbivmw³| I‡Mv, Zzwg †Kv_v hvI †Kvb we‡`‡k?- wbwe©Kvi gvwS‡K `„wó AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ K…l‡Ki †Póv| ev‡iK wfovI Zix K‚‡j‡Z G‡m - gvwS‡K Zix †fov‡bv R‡b¨ K…l‡Ki mwbe©Ü Abybq| Avi Av‡Q?-Avi bvB, w`‡qwQ f‡i - †QvU Rwg‡Z Drcbœ dm‡ji mg¯—UvB Zz‡j †`qv nq †bŠKvq| _‡i we_‡i - —‡i —‡i, myweb¨¯— K‡i| GLb Avgv‡i j‡nv KiyYv K‡i - K…l‡Ki Abyb‡q Av‡Q H Zix‡Z VuvB cvIqvi AvKzj B”Qv| KviY Zv

bv n‡j wbôzi †mªv‡Z Zuvi wejxqgvb nIqvq Avmbœ Avk¼v| VuvB bvB VuvB bvB †Qv‡Uv †m Zix - gnvKv‡ji cÖZxK GB ZiYx‡Z †Kej †mvbvi dmji~c gnr

m„wóK‡g©i VuvB nq| wKš‘ e¨w³mËv‡K Awbevh©fv‡e n‡Z nq gnvKv‡ji wbôzi KvjMÖv‡mi wkKvi|

k~b¨ b`xi Zx‡i iwnby cwo - wbtm½ Ac~Y©Zvi †e`bv wb‡q Avmbœ I Awbevh© g„Zz i cÖZx¶vi Bw½Z| G cÖm‡½ iex› ªbv_ wj‡L‡Qb, ÔgnvKvj Avgvi me© ^ jBqv hvq e‡U, wKš‘ Avgv‡K †dwjqv hvq we¯§„wZ I Ae‡njvi g‡a¨| ... †mvbvi Zixi †b‡q Avgvi †mvbvi avb jBqv hvq †Lqvcv‡i, wKš‘ Avgv‡K jq bv|

Drm I cwiwPwZ Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvwU iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvgKweZv| G KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci †_‡K G ch©š— KweZvwU wb‡q eû Av‡jvPbv, e¨vL¨v I ZK©-weZK© n‡q‡Q| GKwU †QvU †¶Z| Pvicv‡k cÖej †mªv‡Zi we¯—vi| †mvbvi avb wb‡q GKjv K…lK| Aejxjvq Zix †e‡q Avmv †b‡q- G K‡qKwU wPÎKí I †m¸‡jvi Abyl‡½ iwPZ GK Abycg KweZv Ô †mvbvi ZixÕ|



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evsjv msKjb 146

¶ziavi el©vi b`x‡mªvZ wnsmª n‡q †Ljv Ki‡Q Øxcm „k avb‡¶‡Zi Pvicv‡k| †mLv‡b ivwk ivwk †mvbvi avb †K‡U bvbv Avk¼v wb‡q G‡Kjv A‡c¶gvY GK K…lK| Ggb mgq AcÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e fivcv‡j Zix †e‡q Av‡m GK †b‡q ev gvwS| wbtm½ K…lK Avkvi Avb‡›` D‡ØwjZ n‡q I‡V, hLb Zvi g‡b nq gvwSwU †hb Zvi †Pbv| wKš‘ wbwe©Kvifv‡e ARvbv †`‡ki w`‡K P‡j †h‡Z _vK †mB gvwS| wbtm½ K…lK KvZi Abybq K‡i, gvwS †hb K‚‡j Zix wfwo‡q Zvi †mvbvi avbUzKz wb‡q hvq| Zvici †m avb †hLv‡b Lywk, hv‡K Lywk †m B‡”QgZ wewj‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| A‡e‡k‡l H †mvbvi Zix‡Z Zvi fviv fviv dmj wb‡q gvwS P‡j hvq, wKš‘ †QvU Zix‡Z K…l‡Ki ’vb nq bv| †mvbvi avb wb‡q Zix P‡j hvq ARvbv †`‡k| Avi k~b¨ b`xZx‡i Ac~Y©Zvi †e`bv wb‡q ùvwo‡q _v‡K K…lK GKv| G KweZvq GKB m‡½ Aš—©jxb n‡q Av‡Q GKwU Rxeb`k©b| gnvKv‡ji wPiš—i †mªv‡Z gvbyl Awbevh© welq‡K Gov‡Z cv‡i bv, †Kej wU‡K _v‡K Zvi m„ó †mvbvi dmj| Ggwbfv‡e Kwei m„óKg© Kv‡ji †mvbvi Zix‡Z ’vb †c‡jI e¨w³Kwei ¯’vb †mLv‡b nq bv| GK AZ…wßi †e`bv wb‡q Zv‡K A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq Awbevh©fv‡e gnvKv‡ji k~b¨Zvi wejxb nIqvi Rb¨| Q›` KweZvwU gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ 8 gvÎvi gvÎve„Ë Q‡›`| c~Y© ce© 8 gvÎvi, Ac~Y© ce© 5 gvÎvi| AvcvZfv‡e

KweZvwU A¶ie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ e‡j g‡b nq| wKš‘ me©‡kl —i‡Ki Ôk~b¨Õ kãwU Avgv‡ì †`wL‡q †`q †h,

GwU gvÎve„Ë Q‡›ì KweZv| Ôk~b¨Õ gvÎve„‡Ë 3 gvÎv| †m wn‡m‡e Ôk~b¨ b`xi Zx‡iÕ 8 gvÎvi ce©; A¶ie„Ë

Q›` n‡j 1 gvÎv Kg coZ| Abykxjbg~K KvR fvlv Abykxj mv‡c‡¶ me©bvg KLbI KLbI ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ GKvwaK me©bvg c` GKB m‡½ eëüZ n‡q `yÕwU evK¨vs‡ki ms‡hvM mvab K‡i _v‡K| G‡ì‡K ejv nq mv‡c¶ me©bvg| †hgb, Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvq: hZ PvI ZZ jI G iKg:

hZ †Póv Ki‡e ZZB mvd‡jï m¤¢vebv| hZ eo gyL bq ZZ eo K_v

hZ M‡R© ZZ e‡l© bv| G ai‡bi AviI K‡qKwU me©bv‡gi D`vniY :

†hB K_v †mB KvR| †hgb Kg© †Zgb dj|

†hgb ey‡bv Ij †Zgwb evNv †ZuZzj|

wba©viK we‡klY wØiy³ kã eënvi K‡i hLb G‡Ki †ewk †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K †evSv‡bv nq Zv‡K wba©viK we‡klY e‡j| †hgb,Ô †mvbviZixÕ KweZvq: ivwk ivwk fviv fviv avb G iKg AviI D`vniY: jvj jvj K…ò P~ovq MvQ f‡i Av‡Q beel© Dcj‡¶ N‡i N‡i mvov c‡o †M‡Q| GZ †QvU †QvU DËi wjL‡j n‡e bv|

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evsjv msKjb 147

ey rcwË wb‡ ©k Mi‡R < M‡R© VuvB < ’vb eilv < el©v †mvbv < ¯Y©| eikv < ek©v|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. †Kvb kã †_‡K ÔeilvÕ kãwUi eyrcwË? K. ek©v L. el©v M. el©Y N. eikv 2. Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? K. ¯ie„Ë L. A¶i e„Ë M. gvÎve„Ë N. wgkª 3. ÒPvwiw`‡K euvKv Rj Kwi‡Q †LjvÓ cO&w³wU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q— i. Kv‡ji M‡f© mewKQy nvwi‡q hvIqvi k¼v ii. el©vi cj −xcÖK…wZ iii. Kwei AmnvqZ¡ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii ÔARmª g„Zz ‡i jw½, †n bexb, P‡jv Abvqv‡m g„Zz Rqx Rxeb-Dj−v‡mÕ Aby‡”Q‡ì Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI— 4. Aby‡”Q‡ì mv‡_ Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? K. Aj¼v‡i L. e³‡e¨ M. †cÖ¶vc‡U N. AvnŸv‡b 5. Aby‡”Q‡ì mv‡_ Zzj¨ PiY— K. †h‡qv †h_v †h‡Z PvI hv‡i Lywk Zv‡i `vI L. I‡Mv, Zzwg †Kv_v hvI †Kvb we‡`‡k ev‡iK wfovI Zix K~‡j‡Z G‡m M. mKwj w`jvg Zz‡j _‡i we_‡i GLb Avgv‡i j‡nv Ki“Yv K‡i N. k~b¨ b`xi Zx‡i iwnby cwo hvnv wQj wb‡q †Mj †mvbvi Zix



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evsjv msKjb 148

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| †evKv ey‡ovi Mí ï‡bv ******************** †Q‡ji nvZ a‡i GwM‡q P‡j `~‡ii cvnvoUv‡K GKvB Kv‡¯— nv‡Z K‡i w`‡Z mvd DË‡i nvIqv Av‡b wng So †QvÆ †Q‡ji g‡b c‡o hvq Ni ****************** GKw`b MÖvgevmx †`Lj G‡m weivU cvnvo †M‡Q ay‡jvq wg‡k †mLv‡b w`‡q‡Q †`Lv GK m‡ivei KZ cvwL Mvb Mvq Zx‡i e‡m †evKv ey‡ov, g‡i c‡o Av‡Q †mLv‡b cvwLiv MvB‡Q Zvi †kLv‡bv †mB Mvb We shall over come. K. Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? L. Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvq eû RvqMvq wØi“³ kã e¨env‡ii KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Aby‡”Q‡`i wng S‡oi m‡½ Ô‡mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvi mv „k¨c~Y© Pi‡Yi e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aby‡”Q`wU‡Z Ô‡mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvi g~jfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q—gš—e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| 2| wPÎKg© : †gvbvwjmv (1503-1506) wkíx : wjIbv‡`©v `¨v wfwÂ (1452-1510) QwewU mviv we‡k¦ AvRI mgvb RbwcÖq| K. ÔLicikvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? L. ÒPvwiw`‡K euvKv RjÓ Ñ Gi gva¨‡g Bw½Zc~Y© cwiw¯’wZ Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Ò†h‡qv †h_v †h‡_ PvI hv‡i Lywk Zv‡i `vI Ó Ñ Gi Av‡jv‡K Aby‡”Q`wU e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ô†gvbvwjmvÕ wPÎKg©wU‡Z Ô†mvbvi ZixÕ KweZvi av‡bi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv KZUv hyw³hy³—e¨vL¨v Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 149

Rxeb-e›`bv KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg

Kwe-cwiwPwZ KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg 1899 wLªóv‡ãi 25†k †g, 1306 m‡bi 11B ˆR¨ô, fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½i ea©gvb

†Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj gnKzgvi Pzi“wjqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †Q‡j‡ejv wZwb †j‡Uv Mv‡bi `‡j †hvM †`b|

c‡i ea©gvb I gqgbwms‡ni wÎkvj _vbvi `wiivgcyi nvB ¯‹z‡j †jLvcov K‡ib| 1917 mv‡j wZwb

†mbvevwnbxi evOvwji cë‡b †hvM w`‡q KivwP hvb| †mLv‡bB Zuvi mvwnZ¨ Rxe‡bi m~Pbv N‡U| Zuvi

†jLvq wZwb mvgvwRK AwePvi I civaxbZvi wei“‡× †mv”Pvi n‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ Zuv‡K Ôwe‡ ªvnx KweÕ ejv

nq| evsjv mvwnZ¨ RM‡Z Zuvi Avwef©ve GK bZzb w`M‡š—i D‡b¥vPb K‡i| gvÎ †ZZvwj −k eQi eq‡m Kwe

`yiv‡ivM¨ †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q evKkw³ nvwi‡q †d‡jb| evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi ci Amy¯’ Kwe‡K XvKvq Avbv

nq Ges c‡i Zuv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ vb Kiv nq| Zuv‡K ^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ÔRvZxq KweÕi

gh©v`vq f~wlZ Kiv nq| Zuvi iwPZ Kve¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ÔAwMœexYvÕ, Ôwe‡qi euvwkÕ, ÔQvqvbUÕ, ÔcÖjq-wkLvÕ,

ÔPµevKÕ, ÔwmÜy-wn‡›`vjÕ we‡klfv‡e D‡j −L‡hvM¨| Ôe¨_vi `vbÕ, Ôwi‡³i †e`bÕ, ÔwkDwjgvjvÕ, Ôg„Zz¨-¶zavÕ,

BZ¨vw` Zuvi iwPZ Mí I Dcb¨vm| ÔhyM-evYxÕ, Ô yw`©‡bi hvÎxÕ, Ôiy`ª-g½jÕ I ÔivRe›`xi Revbe›`xÕ Zuvi

D‡j −L‡hvM¨ cÖeÜMÖš’| 1976 mv‡ji 29 AvM÷ Kwe XvKvq †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

gmwR` msjMœ cÖv½‡Y Zuv‡K cwic~Y© mvgwiK gh©v`vq mgvwnZ Kiv nq|

Mvwn Zvnv‡ì MvbÑ

aiYxi nv‡Z w`j hviv Avwb dm‡ji digvb| kªg-wKYv¼-KwVb hv‡ì wb ©q gywV-Z‡j

Î¯—v aiYx bR&ivbv †`q Wvwj f‡i dz‡j d‡j|

eb¨-k¦vc`-m¼yj Riv-g„Zz -fxlYv aiv

hv‡ì kvm‡b nj my›ì KzmywgZv g‡bvniv|

hviv ee©i †n_v euv‡a Ni cig AKz‡Zvf‡q

e‡bi e¨vNÖ gq~i wmsn wee‡ii dYx j‡q|

G†jv yR©q MwZ-†eM mg hviv hvhvei-wkky

ZvivB Mvwnj be †cÖg-Mvb aiYx-†gixi hxky-

hvnv‡ì Pjv †j‡M

Dévi g‡Zv Nywi‡Q aiYx k~‡b¨ AwgZ †e‡M!



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evsjv msKjb 150

†Lqvj-Lywk‡Z KvwU AiY¨ iwPqv AgiveZx

hvnviv Kwij aŸsm mvab cyb PÂjgwZ,

Rxeb-Av‡eM i~wa‡Z bv cvwi hviv D×Z-wki

jw•N‡Z †Mj wngvjq, †Mj kywl‡Z wmÜz-bxi|

bexb RMr mÜv‡b hviv Qy‡U †giyÑAwfhv‡b,

c¶ euvwaqv Dwoqv P‡j‡Q hvnviv EaŸ©cv‡b|

ZeyI _v‡g bv †hŠeb-†eM, Rxe‡bi Dj−v‡m

P‡j‡Q P› ª-g½j MÖ‡n ^‡M© AmxgvKv‡k|

hviv Rxe‡bi cmiv ewnqv g„Zz i Øv‡i Øv‡i

Kwi‡Z‡Q wdwi, fxg iYf~‡g cÖvY evwR †i‡L nv‡i|

Avwg giy-Kwe-Mvwn †mB †e‡`-†e`yCb‡`i Mvb,

hy‡M hy‡M hviv K‡i AKviY wec −e-Awfhvb|

Rxe‡bi AvwZk‡h¨ hvnviv `viyY DMÖ my‡L

mva K‡i wbj Mij-wcqvjv, ek©v nvwbj ey‡K!

Avlv‡pi wMwi-wbtmªve-mg †Kvb evav gvwbj bv,

ee©i ewj hvnv‡`i Mvwj cvwoj ¶z ªgbv,

K‚c-gÊyK ÔAmshgxÕi AvL¨v w`qv‡Q hv‡i,

Zvwi Z‡i fvB Mvb i‡P hvB, e›`bv Kwi Zv‡i| kãv_© I UxKv digvb - evYx, msev`, Lei|

wKYv¼ - Nl©‡Yi d‡j nvZ ev cv‡qi k³ nIqv Pvgov ev gvsm, Kov|

kªg-wKYv¼-KwVb - cwikªg Kov-cov I „p|

aiYxi nv‡Z w`j hviv

Avwb dm‡ji digvb - hviv c„w_exi nv‡Z dm‡ji Lei Zz‡j w`j| A_©vr Kwe †mB me

K…l‡Ki RqMvb MvB‡Qb hviv gvwUi ey‡K dmj djvq|

G —v aiYx bRivbv †`q - K…l‡Ki „p KwVb nv‡Zi Ke‡j c‡o c„w_exi gvwU †hb dz‡j, d‡j I

dm‡ji Dc‡XŠKb w`‡Z eva¨ nq|

eb¨-k¦vc`-m¼zj - wnsmª gvsmvkx RxeRš‘i cwic~Y©|

Riv-g„Zz -fxlY aiv - eva©K¨ I g„Zz mgvKxY© fq¼i c„w_ex|

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evsjv msKjb 151

hv‡ì kvm‡b nj my›ì

KzmywgZv g‡bvniv - †h me kªgwbô †gnbwZ gvby‡li i³ I Nv‡gi wewbg‡q c„w_ex Abycg

my›ì, cy®úgq I g‡bvgy»Ki n‡q D‡V‡Q, Kwe Zv‡ì RqMvb

MvB‡Qb|

ee©i - mf¨Zv weKv‡ki Av‡MKvi Avw`g mf¨Zv RvwZ, Avw` gvbe|

AKz‡Zvf‡i - wbf©‡q, wbf©xKwP‡Ë|

weei - MZ©, MnŸi|

hvhvei - †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó evm¯’vb †bB GLb åvg¨gvY RvwZwe‡kl|

aiYx- †gixi hxky - c„w_ex-gvZvi Av‡Z¥vrmM©Kvix cyÎ| gv †gixi mš—vb hxkywLª÷ †hgb

gvbe-g½‡ji Rb¨ AvZ¥vnywZ †`b †Zgwb †hme gvbemš—vb gvby‡l

gvby‡l ˆgÎx, †mŠnv ©¨ I †cÖ‡gi evYx cÖPvi K‡ib Kwe Zv‡ì e›`bv

K‡ib| hvnv‡ì Pjv †j‡M Dévi

g‡Zv Nywi‡Q aiYx k~‡b¨ AwgZ

†e‡M - gnvwe‡k¦ c„w_ex cÖPÊ †e‡M Nyi‡Q| Kwe Kíbv Ki‡Qb huviv ’weiZvi

weiy‡×, Pjvi MwZ‡Z hviv Av¯’vevb Zv‡ì Pjvi MwZ‡ZB †hb c„w_exi

GB MwZ|

AgiveZx - ¯M©|

hvnviv Kwij aŸsm

mvab cyb PÂjgwZ - Aw ’i Av‡e‡Mi e‡k hviv cybivq aŸsm K‡i‡Q|

D×Z-wki - hviv mn‡R gv_v †bvqvq bv, ywe©bxZ|

†Mj ïwl‡Z wmÜz-bxi - mvMi fivU ev wbqš¿Y K‡i bMi-eÜi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †Mj|

hviv Rxe‡bi cmiv ewnqv

g„Zz i Øv‡i Øv‡i

Kwi‡Z‡Q wdwi - hviv cÖv‡Yi gvqv K‡i bv, g„Zz¨‡K c‡ivqv K‡i bv|

fxg iYf~‡g - fqsKi hy×‡¶‡Î|

†e‡` - fviZel© AÂ‡ji hvhvei RvwZwe‡kl|

†e`yCb - Avie †`‡ki hvhvei RvwZwe‡kl|

Mij-wcqvjv - welcvÎ|

wMwi-wbtmªve - ce©Z-wbtm„Z SY©v ev b`x|



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evsjv msKjb 152

Avlv‡pi wMwi-wbtmªve - el©vKv‡j b`x ev SY©vi Rj‡mªvZ cÖPÊ MwZkw³ cvq|

ee©i ewj hvnv‡ì Mvwj

cvwoj ¶z ªgbv - msKxY©wPË †jv‡Kiv †hme K…lK, gRyi‡ì Amf¨, Awkw¶Z e‡j

MvjvMvwj w`‡q‡Q Zv‡ì|

K‚cgÊyK - Kz‡qvi e¨vO, evB‡ii RMr m¤ú‡K© Ávb †bB Ggb e¨w³, AíÁ|

Amshgx - D”Q„•Lj|

K‚c-gÊ~K ÔAmshgxÕi

AvL¨v w`qv‡Q hv‡i - hv‡K AíÁvb I mxgve× „wó‡KvY †_‡K ÔD”Q„•LjÕ e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Q›` ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvwU 6 gvÎvi gvÎve„‡Ë iwPZ| †kl Ac~Y© ce© 2 gvÎvi| bRiy‡ji GKwU wcÖq Q›` GB

6 gvÎvi gvÎve„Ë Q›`| Zuvi enyKweZv GB Q‡›` iwPZ|

Drm I cwiwPwZ ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvwU bRi“‡ji ÔmÜ¨vÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|

hy‡Mi h_v_© PviYKwe bRiy‡ji KweZvq mgKv‡j gvbegyw³i †h D`vË evYx D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj ÔRxeb -

e›`bvÕ KweZv‡ZI Zvi my®úó cÖwZdjb Av‡Q| G KweZvq Kwe Zv‡ì RqMvb MvB‡Qb hviv KwVb kª‡g

c„w_ex‡K fwi‡q †`q dj I dmj, hviv g„Zz mgvKxY© AiY¨gq c„w_ex‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q g‡bvig I my›ì,

hviv gvbe-Kj¨v‡Y AvZ¥vnywZ w`‡q‡Q †`‡k †`‡k Kv‡j Kv‡j|

Kwe Zviy‡Yï †mB kw³‡K e›`bv K‡ib hviv Amxg mvnm I wecyj cÖvYkw³ wb‡q `yj©•N ce©Z Rq K‡i,

mvMi‡K fivU K‡i bMi M‡o, †giyi ey‡K Awfhvb Pvjvq, AvKvk R‡q Qz‡U hvq MÖn MÖnvš—‡i|

Kwe gvb‡ei gyw³msMÖv‡g Av¸qvb †mB kw³i RqMvb Mvb, hviv gvbegyw³i c‡_ †Kv‡bv evav gv‡b bv|

wbwØ©avq AvZ¥vnywZ †`q wec−ex msMÖv‡g|

msKxY©gbvi `j G‡ì D”Q„•Lj e‡j AvL¨v w`‡jI Kwei Kv‡Q G‡ì gwngv Amxg| wZwb AKzÚ wP‡Ë

G‡ìB RqMvb iPbv K‡ib| Abykxjbg~jK KvR fvlv Abykxjb evbvb mZK©Zv aiYx, wKYv¼, k¦vc`, fxlY, dYx, AiY¨, aŸsm, bexb, DaŸ©, iYf~wg, Avlvp, wbtmªve, K‚cgÊyK|

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evsjv msKjb 153

PwjZ M`ï~c j‡q - wb‡q

iywa‡Z - †iva Ki‡Z

kywl‡Z - †kvlY Ki‡Z

hv‡i - hv‡K

Zv‡i - Zv‡K| wewkóv_©K kã K‚cgÊyK - AvwfavwbK A_© - Kz‡qvi e¨vO|

AjsKvwiK A_© - msKxY©gbv e¨w³, evB‡ii RMr m¤ú‡K© Ávb †bB Ggb e¨w³|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ï× evbvb? K. wKbvsK L. wKYvsK M. wKbv¼ N. wKYv¼ 2. ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvq ÔÎ —v aiYxÕ ej‡Z c„w_exi †Kvb iƒc‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K. fxZv L. fqsKiv M. AKwl©Zv N. AbyMZv KweZvskwU co Ges 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| KwVb kxZj giYmvMi gš’b K‡i hviv Ag„Z Avwbqv Dcnvi w`j wb‡R‡i Kwiqv mviv| 3. KweZvskwU ÔAg„ZÕ k‡ãi m‡½ ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvi †Kvb kãwUi fvev‡_©i wgj i‡q‡Q? K. Rxe‡bi cmiv L. DMÖmyL M. bRivbv N. Rxe‡bi Dj−vm 4. wb‡Pi †Kvb PiY ywU‡Z KweZvskwUi fv‡ei m½wZ i‡q‡Q? K. Rxe‡bi AvwZk‡h¨ hvnviv `vi“Y DMÖmy‡L mva K‡i wbj Mij-wcqvjv, ek©v nvwbj ey‡K! L. hviv Rxe‡bi cmiv ewnqv g„Zz i Øv‡i Øv‡i Kwi‡Z‡Q wdwi, fxg iYf~‡g cÖvY evwR †i‡L nv‡i| M. kªg-wKYv¼-KwVb hv‡ì wb ©q gywV-Z‡j Î —v aiYx bR&ivbv †`q Wvwj f‡i dz‡j d‡j| N. ZeyI _v‡g bv †hŠeb-†eM, Rxe‡bi Dj −v‡m Pj‡Q P› ª-g½j-MÖn ¯‡M© AmxgvKv‡k|



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evsjv msKjb 154

5. ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvq ÔAmshgxÕ A¨vL¨vwU hv‡ì‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q ZvivÑ i. evavnxb Rxe‡b Af¨ — ii. Rxeb Dj−v‡m ficyi iii. ye©jwP‡Ëi AwaKvix wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| †Zvgvi cÖYvg Kwi Rywo `yB Ki eÜ¨v c„w_ex Avev` Ki‡j eRªgywóai ycv‡q S‡oi MwZ QywUQ DavI MÖn †_‡K MÖnvš—‡i `wj bxnvwiKv| cywl‡j mvMi Zzwg, gi“‡K imv‡j Mwo‡Z Avevmf~wg ce©Z Dov‡j| K. hxï †K? L. ÔKvwU AiY¨ iwPqv AgiveZxÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? eY©bv Ki| M. KweZvskwUi cÖ_g PiY ywU‡Z ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvi †Kvb cÖ‡Póvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. KweZvskwU‡Z ÔRxeb-e›`bvÕ KweZvi gg©evYxB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÑgš—e¨wU hvPvB Ki| 2| ¯—eK-1: †iŠ‡ ª cy‡o, e„wó‡Z †m wf‡R wèv-ivwZ †gv‡ì ¶zavi Abœ †hvMvq Pvq bvK †m L¨vwZ| ¯—eK-2: `yM©g c_ cvwo w`‡q hviv `yR©q K‡i Rq Zvnv‡ì cwiPq wj‡L iv‡L gnvKvj me hy‡M hy‡M meKv‡j wUKv fv¯‹‡i †kv‡f fvj| K. ÔK~cgÊyKÕ k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© Kx? L. ÔAvlv‡pi wMwi-wbtmªveÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? eY©bv Ki| M. ÔRxeb e›`bvÕ KweZvi welqe ‘ Abyhvqx, —eK 1-G Dwj −wLZ e¨w³‡ì f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔRxeb e›`bvÕ KweZvi welqe ‘ Abyhvqx, ¯—eK 2-Gi e³e¨ ¯—eK 1-Gi Dwj−wLZ‡ì Rb¨

cÖ‡hvR¨ wK? †Zvgvi DË‡ii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

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evsjv msKjb 155

evsjv‡`k Awgq PµeZx©

Kwe-cwiwPwZ iex‡› ªvËi hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg cÖavb AvaywbK Kwe Awgq PµeZ©x GK mgq wQ‡jb iex› ªbv‡_i e¨w³MZ mwPe|

wZwb †jLvcov Kivi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb A·‡dv‡W©| wZb `kK KvwU‡q‡Qb Av‡gwiKvi hy³iv‡óª| Gw`K

†_‡K GK wek¦ bvMwiK gb‡bi AwaKvix wZwb| wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡ki gvwUi m‡½ Zuvi †hvMv‡hvM

wQj me mgq Awe‡”Q`¨| GK mgq iex› ªbv‡_i mvwnZ¨mwPe wn‡m‡e Zuvi cÖR‡b¥i Ab¨ me Kwei Zzjbvq

wZwb iex› ªbv‡_i mvwbœ‡a¨ wQ‡jb me‡P‡q †ewk| wKš‘ bex› ªbv‡_i c_vbymvix wZwb nb wb| GgbwK Zuvi

cÖ_g KweZvMÖš’ ÔLmovÕ iex›`ªcÖfveewR©Z AvaywbKZvi Abb¨ ˆewkó¨ wPwýZ|

Awgq PµeZ©xi Kve¨MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÔGKgy‡VvÕ, ÔgvwUi †`qvjÕ. ÔAwfÁvbemš—Õ, ÔcvivcviÕ,

Ôcvjve`jÕ, Ôcyw®úZ B‡gRÕ, ÔAgiveZx, ÔN‡i †divi w`bÕ I ÔAwbt‡klÕ| Zuvi ÔcvivcviÕ I Ôcvjve`jÕ

Kv‡e¨i cUf~wg Pvi gnv‡`k-cwie¨vß| Awgq PµeZ©xi Rb¥ 1901 wLªóv‡ã cwðge‡½i nyMwji kªxivgcy‡i|

Zuvi g„Zz 1986 wLªóv‡ã|

Kj¨vYxi avivevnx †hÑ gvayix evsjv fvlvq M‡o‡Q AvZ¥xq cj −x, hgybv-cÙvi Zx‡i Zx‡i iy‡cvwj R‡ji av‡i, Avg-Rvg-bvi‡Kj †Niv Avgb av‡bi †L‡Z kÖ“wZgq Zvwi Aš—j©xb evYx †kv‡bv cÖvZ¨wnK-eû wgkª cÖv‡Yi msmv‡i †mB evsjv‡`‡k wQj mn‡mªi GKwU Kvwnbx †Kviv‡b cyiv‡Y wk‡í, cvjv-cve©‡Yi Xv‡K †Xv‡j AvDj evDj bv‡P; cyY¨v‡ni mvbvB iwÄZ †ivÏy‡i AvKvkZ‡j †`L Kviv nv‡U hvq, gvwS cvj †Zv‡j, ZuvwZ †ev‡b, L‡oÑQvIqv N‡ii AvO‡b gv‡V Nv‡U-kªgm½x bvbvRvwZ a‡g©i emwZ wPiw`b evsjv‡`kÑ Iiv Kviv ey‡bv `j †Xv‡K Gwi g‡a¨ (_vgvI, _vgvI), ¯Y©k¨vg eyK wQ‡o A ¿ nv‡Z bv‡g mvš¿x Kvcyi“l, Aag iv‡óªi



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evsjv msKjb 156

i³ cZvKv †Zv‡j, †KvwU gvby‡li mgevqx mf¨Zvi fvlv Giv i` Ki‡e fv‡e, gi“-cky gvixi AÜZv S‡o nv‡b Amnvq bibvix Ajf¨ R‡qi †jv‡f, R¡vjvq kni, MÖv‡g MÖv‡g cÖvPxb msnwZ †f‡O fMœ Z‚‡c ~‡ii Dj −yK euv‡a †Kj−v, (cvi‡e bv, cvi‡e bv,) cvcvkªqx ciRxex hZB jyÉb K‡i km¨ cvU cY¨, N‡i N‡i Qovq A‡gq †kvK, ag©bvk nZ¨vi Qvqvq †N‡i AvZ© M„n ’vwj, PZzM©yY wn› y gymjgvb evsjvi evOvwj ZZ Rv‡b Rb¥g„Zz i eÜ‡b Awfbœ Avcb mËv, j¶ j¶ nv-N‡i yM©Z N„Y¨ hg- ~Z-†mbv Gwo‡q mxgvš—cv‡i †Qv‡U, c‡_ c‡_ Abk‡b Awš—g hš¿Yv †iv‡M Îv‡m mn‡mªi Aemvb, nš—viK eviy‡` e› y‡K g~wQ©Z-g„‡Zi †`n we× K‡i, nZ¨v-e¨emvqx evsjv‡`kÑaŸsm-Kv‡e¨ Rv‡b bv †cuŠQj Rvnvbœv‡g G R‡b¥B; evsjv‡`k Abš— A¶Z g~wZ© Rv‡M \

kãv_© I UxKv Kj¨vYx - g½jgqx, ïf`vwqbx| avivevnx - Awew”Qbœ| M‡o‡Q AvZ¥xq cj−x - GKKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv wQj ^qsm¤ú~Y©| bvbv m¤cÖ v‡qi

emwZ †mme MÖvg‡K Awfbœ AvwZ¥K eÜ‡b †eu‡a‡Q evsjv fvlv| kÖ“wZgq Zvwi Aš—j©xb evYx - Avengvb evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Aš—‡ii m‡½ G‡Kev‡i wg‡k hvIqv

gg©evYx n‡”Q m¤cÖxwZ I ïf‡eva| eny wgkª cÖv‡Yi msmv‡i - enyKvj a‡i eny RvwZi wewfbœ I wewPÎ Rb‡mªvZ G‡m wg‡k‡Q

evsjvi gvwU‡Z| H Rb‰ewP‡Îi enygyLx mswgkª‡Y M‡o D‡V‡Q evOvwj RvwZ| G RvwZ MV‡bi g~j Dcv`vb G‡m‡Q B‡›`v-f~ga¨ b„‡Mvôxi Aš—M©Z wewfbœ RvwZ| Zvi m‡½ wg‡k‡Q `ªvweo (†gjvbvBW), †WwÇW (†cÖv‡Uv A‡÷ªvj‡qW) I wKQzUv g‡½vjxq i³| Avgv‡`i RvwZ‡Z¡, ms¯‹…wZ‡Z, fvlvq, AvPvi-AvPi‡Y, ag©‡eva

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evsjv msKjb 157

I wek¦v‡m Gme Rb‡Mvôxi cÖfve i‡q‡Q| G cÖm‡½ iex›`ªbv‡_i Dw³ ¯§iYxq: †fw` giyc_ wMwi ce©Z hviv G†mwQj m‡e Zviv †gvi gv‡S mevB weiv‡R †Kn b‡n b‡n `~i- Avgvi †kvwY‡Z i‡q‡Q aŸwb‡Z Zvi wewPÎ myi|

mn‡mªi GKwU Kvwnbx - ARmª êwPÎ¨ wb‡q Mov HK¨| cyY¨vn - Kg© Abyôv‡bi ïf ev cweÎ w`b| ïf w`‡b eQ‡ii LvRbv Av`vq

Avi¤¢ Abyôvb| Iiv Kviv ey‡bv `j †Xv‡K - 1971 mv‡j cvwK —vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g nvgjvi cÖm½ GLv‡b

DÌvcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ^Y©k¨vg - †mvbvwj-k¨vgj|

mv¯¿x Kvcyi“l - cvwK¯—vwb †mbv‡ì fxiy ejv n‡q‡Q, KviY wbi¯¿ evOvwji weiy‡× Zviv me©vaywbK A ¿ wb‡q nvgjv K‡iwQj|

Aag ivóª - K„wÎg ivóª cvwK —v‡bi hohš¿ I wbh©vZbg~jK Ges MYwe‡ivax f~wgKvi Bw½Z †`qv n‡q‡Q|

i³ cZvKv †Zv‡j - RbM‡Yi i³iwÄZ cvwK —vwb cZvKv‡K D‡Ëvjb K‡i `Lj`vi cvwK¯—vwb evwnbx|

†KvwU gvby‡li mgevqx mf¨Zvi fvlv - evsjv‡`‡ki †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl HKë× n‡qwQj fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I

¯vaxbZvi R‡b¨ nvbv`vi Zv‡K bm¨vr Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj A‡ ¿i †Rv‡i|

giy-cky gvixi AÜZv S‡o nv‡b - cvwK —v‡bi giy AÂj †_‡K AvMZ cky‰m‡bïv ARmª g„Zz i aŸsmjxjv m„wói Rb¨ cªPÊ AvNvZ nv‡b|

Ajf¨ R‡qi †jv‡f - ev¯—‡e evsjv‡`‡k Zv‡ì Rq jvf wQj `yivkv| wKš‘ cÖPÊ †jvf-jvjmvi ekeZ©x n‡q Zviv `Lj`vwi eRvq ivL‡Z nZ¨vh‡Ái Ab¨vq c_ †e‡Q wb‡qwQj|

MÖv‡g MÖv‡g cÖvPxb msnwZ †f‡O - cvwK —vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx wbg©g aŸsmhÁ I nZ¨vKvÊ Pvwj‡q Avengvb MÖvg-evsjvi kvš— msnZ Rxeb‡K ZQbQ K‡i w`‡qwQj| j¶ j¶ gvbyl MÖvg †Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj|



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evsjv msKjb 158

AvZ© M„n ’vwj - cvwK —vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡i cÖwZwU cwievi wecbœ nq| nq ^Rbnviv| g„Zz i AvZ‡¼i gy‡L m`v mš¿ — nq cvwievwiK Rxeb|

PZzM©yY wn›`y-gymjgvb - evsjv‡`‡ki evOvwji Ici AvµgY Pj‡j mviv we‡k¦i evOvwj wn› y gymjgvb Zv‡ì cv‡k mvnvh¨ I mnvbyf~wZi nvZ evwo‡q †`q| msnwZ cÖKvk K‡i ^vaxbZvi b¨vh¨ `vwei m‡½|

nv-N‡i - M„nnxb, DØv¯—y| nš—viK - nZ¨vKvix| evsjv‡`k-aŸsm-Kv‡e¨ Rv‡b bv †cŠuQj Rvnvbœv‡g G R‡b¥B - nZ¨vKvixiv wbg©g nZ¨vhÁ Pvwj‡q evsjv‡`‡k aŸs‡mi KvwnbxKve¨

iPbv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ Zviv Rv‡b wb †h Zviv Avm‡j wb‡R‡ì wb‡q hvw”Qj Rvnvbœv‡g|

evsjv‡`k Abš— A¶Z g~wZ© Rv‡M - aŸsm, g„Zz , i³, AkÖ“i ga¨ w`‡q Rb¥ nq ^vaxb mve©‡fŠg

evsjv‡`‡ki|

Drm I cwiwPwZ Awgq PµeZ©xi Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvwU Zuvi ÔAwbt‡klÕ MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| `xN© KweZvwUi †Kej cÖ_gvsk msKwjZ| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U KweZvwU iwPZ| evsjv fvlvi nvRvi eQ‡ii gvayix, i~cvwj b`xwe‡aŠZ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi Abycg †mŠ›`h©-wmœ» ARmª cj −x Ges KziAvb-cyivY-cvjvcve©‡bi ag©xq I mvs¯‹…wZK bvbv HwZn¨gq RbRxe‡b †h bviKxq wefxwlKv m„wó Kiv n‡qwQj 1971 mv‡j cvwK —vwb evwnbxi ee©i Avµg‡Y, ZviB Qwe dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q G KweZvi K¨bfv‡m| AwMœms‡hvM, nZ¨vKvÊ, jyÉb, wbh©vZ‡bi hš¿Yv m‡Ë¡I evOvwj‡K `gv‡Z cv‡i wb Zviv, cv‡i wb Zvi mËv‡K wef³ Ki‡Z| d‡j aŸsm- g„Zz -AvZ©bv‡ì †fZi w`‡q Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki †MŠi‡ev¾¡j Abš— A¶qg~wZ©| Q›` KweZvwU 18 gvÎvi cÖengvb A¶ie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| cÖwZ Pi‡Y `ywU ce© 8 + 10| Abykxjbg~jK KvR KweZv Dcjwä

1. G KweZvwUi cÖ_g ¯^ve‡Ki fvee —y—‡Z dy‡U D‡V‡Q Avengvb evsjv‡`‡ki fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, i~cgq cÖK…wZ, Amv¤cÖ vwqK mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ I RbRxeb| —e‡Ki †kl G jvBbwU‡Z ZviB AbyiYb-ÔwPiw`b evsjv‡`kÕ| [wØZxq ¯—eK (13 †_‡K 26 jvBb)]

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evsjv msKjb 159

2. KweZvwUi ¯—eK kyiy n‡q‡Q bvUKxq AvKw¯§KZvq- ÔIiv Kviv ey‡bv `j †Xv‡KÕ BZ¨vw` w`‡q | G As‡k

cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q nvbv`vi evwnbxi AwMœms‡hvM, jyÉb,nZ¨vKvÊ, wbh©vZb BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki

RbRxeb‡K ZQbQ Kivi Qwe| wKš‘ G ¯—eK †kl n‡q‡Q evOvwji Aciv‡RqZvi Bkvivq|

3. Z…Zxq ¯—eK nvbv`vi evwnbxi nZ¨vKv‡Êi cÖwZwµqv| j¶ j¶ gvbyl‡K DØv ‘ K‡i, ARmª g„Zz I

aŸsmjxjv NwU‡q nvbv`vi evwnbx †kl ch©š— wb‡RivB †cuŠQj Rvnvbœv‡g|

4. PZz_© —eK gvÎ GKwU D¾¡j Awbe©vY jvBb Ges Zv †hb mg — aŸsm, nZ¨v, g„Zz¨‡K Qvwc‡q D‡V‡Q:

Ôevsjv‡`k Abš— A¶q g~wZ© Rv‡MÕ|

fvlv Abykxjb wemM©mwÜ GKwU w`K wemM©hy³ B ev D aŸwbi ci ÔMÕ ev Ô`Õ _vK‡j wemM© †id n‡q hvq| †hgb:

yt + MZ = yM©Z

yt + NUbv = y©NUbv

PZzt + ¸Y = PZz¸©Y

PZzr + w`b = PZzw ©K

wbt + MZ = wbM©Z

wbt + †`k = wb‡ ©k

wbt + †`vl = wb‡ ©vl evbvb: C-Kvivš— cic`

Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvq eën„Z ÔavivevnxÕ I ÔcivRxexÕ kã `ywU j¶ Ki| kã `ywU MwVZ n‡q‡Q Ô−evnxÕ I

Ô−RxexÕ cic` †hv‡M| G ai‡bi C-Kviv‡š— cic` _vK‡j k‡ãi †k‡l evbv‡b ¯fveZB C-Kvi nq|

†hgb: evnx: ¶YRxex, `xN©Rxex, †ckvRxex, eyw×Rxex, grm¨Rxex, kªgRxex|

evbvb mZK©Zv AvZ¥xq, Kj¨vYx, gvayix, Zxi, Aš—j©xb, evYx, cj −x, cve©Y, c~Y¨vn, m½x, ^Y©k¨vg, mvš¿x, gvix, cÖvPxb,

civkªgx, ciRxex, cY¨, M„n ’vwj, mxgvš—, hš¿Yv, g~wQ©Z, —~c, hga~Z, aŸsm, g~wZ©|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvq A¯¿ nv‡Z Kviv bv‡g? K. †KvwU gvbyl L. mvš¿x Kvcyi“l M. wn› y gymjgvb N. nZ¨v eëmvqx



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evsjv msKjb 160

2. Ôey‡bv`jÕ Kviv? K. cvwK —vwb ˆmb¨ L. wnsmª eb¨ cï M. ee©i gvivVv N. †ewbqv Bs‡iR 3. Ôcvjv cve©‡Y Xv‡K †Xv‡j AvDj evDj bv‡PÕÑ Pi‡Yi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb iƒc cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K. Amv¤cÖ vwqK L. mvs¯‹…wZK M. cÖvK…wZK N. AvÂwjK Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|

MÖv‡gi bvg iZbcyi| cÖK…wZ GLv‡b AK…cY| GLv‡b gymjgvb wn› y wLª÷vb‡ì evm| Giv wewfbœ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ| Zviv †hb GKB m~‡Î Muv_v|

4. Aby‡”Q‡ì mv‡_ Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Yi wgj Av‡Q? K. evYx †kv‡b cÖvZ¨wnK-eûwgkª cÖv‡Yi msmv‡i L. gv‡V Nv‡U-kªgm½x bvbvRvwZ bvbv a‡g©i emwZ M. †KvwU gvby‡li mgevqx mf¨Zvi fvlv N. †L‡q AvZ© M„n ’vwj, PZz ©Y wn› y gymjgvb

5. Dwj −wLZ PiY Ges Aby‡”Q‡` evOvwji †h iƒcwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv njÑ i. m¤cÖÖxwZ ii. Amv¤cÖ vwqKZv iii. kªg êwPÎ¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. Lv‡ji cvo w`‡q nuvUwQj `xby| wVK ZLwb wgwjUvwii g‡a¨ GKRb Zvi wbkvbv wVK Av‡Q wKbv †`Lvi Rb¨ Lv‡ji Icvi †_‡K `xby‡K ZvK K‡i| Av‡¯— ax‡i gvwU‡Z jywU‡q c‡o `xby| †PvL y‡Uv fxlY UvbwQj Zvi| ZLywb „kÜv †`L‡Z cvq I, Zvi ey‡Ki i‡³ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q wekvj j¤v GK Lvj| †mB Lvj †e‡q wd‡i Avm‡Q nvRvi nvRvi gyw³‡hv×v| cÖwZwU †bŠKv †_‡K †f‡m Avm‡Q Dj−v‡mi kã| †`‡L `xbyi †h Kx Lywk| Zv n‡j GB wK ¯vaxbZv! `xbyi †Vuv‡U evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Îi g‡Zv GK UzK‡iv nvwm dz‡U wQj| †KD Zv †`‡L wb|

K. Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvq cÖwZ Pi‡Y KqwU ce©? L. Ôeû wgkª cÖv‡Yi msmv‡iÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. `xbyi ^‡cœ Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvi †Kvb cO&w³i fvev_© dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔAby‡”Q‡` evsjv‡`k KweZvi welqe ‘i c~Y© cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÕ gš—e¨wU hyw³ mnKv‡i we‡k−lY Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 161

2. evsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ ZvB Avwg c„w_exi iƒc LuywR‡Z hvB bv Avi AÜKv‡i †R‡M I‡V Wygy‡ii Mv‡Q †P‡q †`wL QvZvi gZb e‡ov cvZvwUi wb‡P e‡m Av‡Q †fv‡ii †`v‡q‡j cvwLÑ ************************************ evsjvi bMi e›`i MÄ evlwÆ nvRvi MÖvg aŸsm ¯Z‚‡ci †_‡K mvZ †KvwU dzj n‡q †dv‡U| K. Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? L. ÔAwfbœ Avcb mËvÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. Aby‡”Q‡` cÖ_g —e‡Ki mv‡_ Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvi cÖ_g —e‡Ki †Kvb wel‡q wgj Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aby‡”Q wU Ôevsjv‡`kÕ KweZvi A‡bKUvB cÖwZdjb Ñ G e³e wU KZUzKz hyw³hy³ Zv e vL v Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 162

Kei RmxgD & xb

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

evsjv mvwnZ¨ RmxgD &`x‡bi mvaviY cwiPq- wZwb Ôcj−xKweÕ| e ‘Z evsjvi MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi Aven, mnR mij cÖvK…wZK i~c Dchy³ kã, Dcgv I wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Zuvi Kv‡e¨ †hgb g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q †Zgwb Avi KviI KweZvq mvgwMÖKfv‡e †`Lv hvq bv| RmxgD &`x‡bi KwecÖwZfv D‡b¥l N‡UwQj QvÎRxe‡b| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ _vKvKv‡jB Zuvi ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU cÖ‡ewkKv evsjv msKj‡bi Aš—fy©³ n‡qwQj| d‡j H mg‡qB wZwb †`ke¨vcx KweL¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Kg©Rxe‡bi kyiy‡Z RmxgD & xb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wKQyw`b Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| c‡i miKv‡ii cÖPvi I Rbms‡hvM wefv‡M D”Pc‡` Avmxb nb| RmxgD & x‡bi weL¨vZ ÔbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÕ Kve¨wU wewfbœ we‡`kx fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ RbwcÖq I mgv „Z MÖš’ n‡”Q: Ô†mvRb evw`qvi NvUÕ, ÔevjyPiÕ, Ôavb‡LZÕ, ÔiwOjv bv‡qi gvwSÕ| GQvovI wZwb ¯§„wZK_v, ågYKvwnbx, bvUK I cÖeÜ wj‡L‡Qb| Kg©K…wZi ^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e KjKvZvi iex› ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K m¤§vwbZ K‡i‡Q W±i Ae wjUv‡iPvi Dcvwa w`‡q| RmxgD & x‡bi Rb¥ 1903 wLªóv‡ã dwi`cy‡ii Zv¤yjLvbv MÖv‡g| Zuvi g„Zz 1976 wLªóv‡ã XvKvq|

GBLv‡b †Zvi `vw`i Kei Wvwjg-Mv‡Qi Z‡j,

wZwik eQi wfRv‡q †i‡LwQ yB bq‡bi R‡j|

GZUzKz Zv‡i N‡i G‡bwQby †mvbvi gZb gyL,

cyZz‡ji we‡q †f‡O †Mj e‡j †Ku‡` fvmvBZ eyK|

GLv‡b ILv‡b Nywiqv wdwi‡Z †f‡e nBZvg mviv,

mviv evwo fwi GZ †mvbv †gvi QovBqv w`j Kviv!

†mvbvwj Elvi †mvbvgyL Zvi Avgvi bq‡b fwi

jvOj jBqv †L‡Z QywUZvg Muv‡qi I-c_ awi|

hvBevi Kv‡j wd‡i wd‡i Zv‡i †`‡L jBZvg KZ

G K_v jBqv fvwe-mve †gv‡i Zvgvkv KwiZ kZ|

Ggwb Kwiqv Rvwb bv KLb Rxe‡bi mv‡_ wg‡k

†QvU-LvU Zvi nvwm e¨_v gv‡S nviv n‡q †Mby w`‡k|

ev‡ci evwo‡Z hvBevi Kv‡j KwnZ awiqv cv

ÒAvgv‡i †`wL‡Z hvBI wKš—y DRvb-Zjxi Mvu|Ó www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 163

kvcjvi nv‡U ZigyR †ewP Q cqmv Kwi †òx,

cyuwZi gvjvi GKQov wb‡Z KLbI nZ bv †`wi|

†ò cqmvi ZvgvK Ges gvRb jBqv Muv‡U,

mÜ¨v‡ejvq Qy‡U hvBZvg k¦ïievwoi ev‡U|

†nm bv-‡nm bv-†kvb `v y, †mB ZvgvK gvRb †c‡q,

`vw` †h †Zvgvi KZ Lywk nZ †`wLwZm hw` †P‡q!

b_ †b‡o †b‡o KwnZ nvwmqv, ÒGZw`b c‡i G‡j,

c_ cv‡b †P‡q Avwg †h †n_vq †Ku‡` gwi AvuwLR‡j|Ó

Avgv‡i Qvwoqv GZ e¨_v hvi †Kgb Kwiqv nvq,

Kei †`‡k‡Z Nygv‡q i‡q‡Q wbS&Szg wbivjvq|

nvZ †Rvo K‡i †`vqv gvO& `v y, ÒAvq †Lv`v! `qvgq,

Avgvi `vwì Z‡i‡Z †hb †Mv †f — bwme nq|Ó Zvici GB k~b¨ Rxe‡b hZ KvwUqvwQ cvwo

†hLv‡b hvnv‡i Rov‡q a‡iwQ †mB P‡j †M‡Q Qvwo|

kZ Kvd‡bi, kZ Ke‡ii A¼ ü`‡q AvuwK,

MwYqv MwYqv fyj K‡i MwY mviv w`bivZ RvwM|

GB †gvi nv‡Z †Kv`vj awiqv KwVb gvwUi Z‡j,

Mvwoqv w`qvwQ KZ †mvbvgyL bvIqv‡q †Pv‡Li R‡j|

gvwU‡i Avwg †h eo fv‡jvevwm, gvwU‡Z wgkv‡q eyK,

Avq-Avq `v y, MjvMwj awi †Ku‡` hw` nq myL| GBLv‡b †Zvi evcwR Nygvq, GBLv‡b †Zvi gv,

Kuv`wQm& ZyB? Kx Kwie `v y! civb †h gv‡b bv|

†mB dvj&My‡b evc †Zvi G‡m Kwnj Avgv‡i WvwK,

Òev-Rvb, Avgvi kixi AvwR‡K Kx †h K‡i _vwK _vwK|Ó

N‡ii †g‡S‡Z mc&wU weQv‡q Kwnjvg evQv †kvI,

†mB †kvIqv Zvi †kl †kvIqv n‡e Zvnv wK RvwbZ †KD?

†Mv‡ii Kvd‡b mvRv‡q Zvnv‡i Pwjjvg h‡e e‡q,

Zzwg †h Kwnjv Òev-Rvb‡i †gvi †Kv_v hvI `v y j‡q?Ó

†Zvgvi K_vi DËi w`‡Z K_v †_‡g †Mj gy‡L,

mviv ywbqvi hZ fvlv Av‡Q †Ku‡` wd‡i †Mj y‡L!



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evsjv msKjb 164

†Zvgvi ev‡ci jvOj-†Rvqvj ynv‡Z Rov‡q awi,

†Zvgvi gv‡q †h KZB Kuvw`Z mviv w`bgvb fwi|

Mv‡Qi cvZviv †mB †e`bvq ey‡bv c‡_ †hZ S‡i,

dvêyybx nvIqv Kuvw`qv DwVZ ky‡bv-gvVLvwb f‡i|

c_ w`qv †h‡Z †Mu‡qv cw_‡Kiv gywQqv hvBZ †PvL,

Pi‡Y Zv‡ì Kuvw`qv DwVZ Mv‡Qi cvZvi †kvK|

Av_v‡j yBwU †Rvqvb ej` mviv gvV cv‡b Pvwn,

nv¤^v i‡e‡Z eyK dvUvBZ bq‡bi R‡j bvwn|

MjvwU Zv‡ì Rov‡q awiqv Kuvw`Z †Zvgvi gv,

†Pv‡Li R‡ji Mnxb mvq‡i Wyev‡q mKj Muv| D`vwmbx †mB cj−x-evjvi bq‡bi Rj eywS,

Kei †`‡ki AvÜvi N‡i c_ †c‡qwQj LyuwR|

ZvB Rxe‡bi cÖ_g †ejvq WvwKqv Avwbj muvS,

nvq AfvwMbx Avcwb cwij giY-we‡li ZvR|

gwievi Kv‡j †Zv‡i Kv‡Q †W‡K Kwnj, ÒevQv‡i hvB,

eo e¨_v iÕj, `ywbqv‡Z †Zvi gv ewj‡Z †Kn bvB;

`yjvj Avgvi, hv y‡i Avgvi, j²x Avgvi I‡i,

KZ e¨_v †gvi Avwg Rvwb evQv Qvwoqv hvB‡Z †Zv‡i|Ó

†duvUvq †duvUvq yBwU MÊ wfRv‡q bqb-R‡j,

Kx Rvwb Avwkm K‡i †Mj †Zv‡i giY-e¨_vi Q‡j| ¶Yc‡i †gv‡i WvwKqv KwnjÑ ÒAvgvi Kei Mvq

¯vgxi gv_vi gv_vjLvwb‡i SzjvBqv wÌ evq|Ó

†mB †m gv_vj cwPqv Mwjqv wg‡k‡Q gvwUi m‡b,

civ‡bi e¨_v g‡i bv‡Kv †m †h †Ku‡` I‡V ¶‡Y ¶‡Y|

†Rvovgvwb‡Kiv Nygv‡q i‡q‡Q GBLv‡b Ziy-Qvq,

Mv‡Qi kvLviv †mœ‡ni gvqvq jyUv‡q c‡o‡Q Mvq|

†RvbvwK-†g‡qiv mvivivZ RvwM R¡vjvBqv †`q Av‡jv,

wSuwSiv evRvq Ny‡gi b~cyi KZ †hb †e‡m fv‡jv|

nvZ †Rvo K‡i †`vqv gvO& `v y, Òingvb †Lv`v! Avq;

†f¯— bwme KwiI AvwR‡K Avgvi evc I gvq!Ó www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 165

GBLv‡b †Zvi eywRi Kei, cixi gZb †g‡q,

we‡q w`‡qwQby KvwR‡ì evwo ewbqvw` Ni †c‡q|

GZ Av`‡ii eywR‡i Zvnviv fvjevwmZ bv †gv‡U,

nv‡Z‡Z hwÌ bv gvwiZ Zv‡i kZ †h gvwiZ †Vuv‡U|

Le‡ii ci Lei cvVvZ, Ò`v y †hb Kvj G‡m

`yw`‡bi Z‡i wb‡q hvq †gv‡i ev‡ci evwoi †`‡k|Ó

k¦kyi Zvnvi KmvB Pvgvi, Pv‡n wK Qvwoqv w`‡Z,

A‡bK Kwnqv †mevi Zvnv‡i Avwbjvg GK kx‡Z|

†mB †mvbvgyL gwjb n‡q‡Q †dv‡U bv †m_vq nvwm,

Kv‡jv ywU †Pv‡L iwnq iwnqv AkÖ“ DwV‡Q fvwm|

ev‡ci gv‡qi Ke‡i ewmqv Kuvw`qv KvUvZ w`b,

†K RvwbZ nvq, ZvnviI civ‡b evwR‡e giY-exY!

Kx Rvwb cPv‡bv R¡‡i‡Z awij Avi DwVj bv wd‡i,

GBLv‡b Zv‡i Kei w`‡qwQ †`‡L hvI `v y! ax‡i| e¨_vZziv †mB nZfvwMbx‡i ev‡m bvB †Kn fv‡jv,

Ke‡i Zvnvi Rov‡q i‡q‡Q ey‡bv NvmMywj Kv‡jv|

e‡bi NyNyiv Dny Dny Kwi †Ku‡` g‡i ivZw`b,

cvZvq cvZvq †Ku‡c D‡V †hb Zvwi †e`bvi exY|

nvZ †Rvo K‡i †`vqv gvO&-`v y! ÒAvq †Lv`v! `qvgq|

Avgvi ey-Rxi Z‡i‡Z †hb †Mv †f — bwme nq|Ó †n_vq Nygvq †Zvi †QvU dzcy, mvZ eQ‡ii †g‡q,

ivgaby eywS †b‡g G†mwQj †f‡ —i Øvi †e‡q|

†QvU eq‡mB gv‡q‡i nviv‡q Kx Rvwb fvweZ m`v,

AZUzKz ey‡K jyKvBqvwQj †K RvwbZ KZ e¨_v!

dz‡ji gZb gyLLvwb Zvi †`wLZvg h‡e †P‡q,

†Zvgvi `vwì QweLvwb †gvi ü`‡q DwVZ †Q‡q|

ey‡K‡Z Zvnv‡i Rov‡q awiqv †Ku‡` nBZvg mviv,

iwOb muv‡S‡i ay‡q gy‡Q w`Z †gv‡ì †Pv‡Li aviv|



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evsjv msKjb 166

GKw`b †Mby MRbvi nv‡U Zvnv‡i ivwLqv N‡i,

wd‡i G‡m †`wL †mvbvi cÖwZgv jyUvq c‡_i c‡i|

†mB †mvbvgyL †MvjMvj nvZ mKwj †Zgb Av‡Q|

Kx Rvwb mv‡ci `skb †c‡q gv Avgvi P‡j †M‡Q|

Avcb n‡ — †mvbvi cÖwZgv Ke‡i w`jvg Mvwo,

`v y! ai-ai-eyK †d‡U hvq, Avi eywS bvwn cvwi| GBLv‡b GB Ke‡ii cv‡k AviI Kv‡Q Avq `v y,

K_v Km bv‡Kv, RvwMqv DwV‡e Nyg-†fvjv †gvi hv y|

Av‡¯— Av‡¯— Lyuy‡o †`L †`wL KwVb gvwUi Z‡j,

`xb ywbqvi †f — Avgvi Nygvq wK‡mi Q‡j!

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

IB `~i e‡b mÜ¨v bvwg‡Q Nb Avwe‡ii iv‡M,

Agwb Kwiqv jyUv‡q cwo‡Z eo mva AvR Rv‡M|

gwR` nB‡Z Avhvb nuvwK‡Q eo mKiyY myi,

†gvi Rxe‡bi †ivR‡KqvgZ fvwe‡ZwQ KZ `~i|

†Rovnv‡Z `v y †gvbvRvZ Ki, ÒAvq †Lv`v! ingvb|

†f — bwme KwiI mKj g„Zz -e¨w_Z-cÖvY|Ó kãv_© I UxKv wZwik eQi wfRv‡q

†i‡LwQ yB bq‡bi R‡j - wÎk eQi Av‡M e„‡×i ¿xi (A_©vr †cŠ‡Îi `vw`i) g„Zz n‡q‡Q| wÎk

eQi a‡i †kvKvZ© e„‡×i †e`bvkÖy‡Z GB Kei wbqZ wm³ n‡q‡Q|

†mvbvi gZb gyL - †mvbvi g‡Zv jveY¨ Sjgj gyL|

cyZz‡ji we‡q †f‡O †Mj e‡j

†Ku‡` fvmvBZ eyK - †QvU †g‡qwUi Avb›`gq †Ljv wQj cyZz‡ji we‡q †`qv| wKš‘ Aí

eq‡m we‡q nIqvi †m Avb›` nvwi‡q †g‡qwU g‡bi yt‡L Kuv`Z| G

†`‡k †h evj¨weevn cÖPwjZ wQj ZviB Bw½Z|

mviv evwo fwi GZ †mvbv †gvi www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 167

QovBqv w`j Kviv - †mB jveY¨gqx †g‡qwU hLb Kg©PÂj n‡q evwoi me©ÎI wePiY

KiZ ZLb †mB Zi“Y eq‡m e„× gy» we¯§‡q fve‡Zb, †MvUv evwoUv

Kviv †hb ARm¨ †mvbvq fwi‡q w`‡q‡Q| †mvbvgyL Zvi Avgvi bq‡b fwi - †g‡qwUi †mB KbKjve‡Y¨ fiv gyL †PvL †f‡e †f‡e| hvBevi Kv‡j wd‡i wd‡i Zv‡i †`‡L jBZvg KZ - K…wl †¶‡Î hvIqvi mg‡q Zv‡K evi evi wd‡i wd‡i †`‡LI hLb

†`Lvi mva wgUZ bv| Zzjbxq we`¨vcwZi c` : ÔRybg Aewa nvg i~c †bnvwijy bqb bv wZiwcZ †fj|Õ

`y cqmv Kwi †òx - `y cqmv‡K †ò¸Y (wZb cqmv) K‡i A_©vr fvjiKg jvf K‡i| Ô†ò cqmvi ZvgvK Ges gvRb.... Õ†mB ZvgvK gvRb †c‡q, `vw` †h †Zvgvi KZ Lywk nZÕ - †jŠwKK AvPv‡ii †¶‡Î wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡Zv G †`‡kI †g‡q‡ì

g‡a¨ ZvgvK LvIqvi ixwZ †h cÖPwjZ wQj ZviB Bw½Z| †g‡qiv uv‡Z wgwk wn‡m‡eI ZvgvK eënvi KiZ|

evU - c_, iv —v| Avgv‡i Qvwoqv GZ e¨_v hvi - Avgvi m‡½ mvgvb¨ we‡”Q‡` hvi †e`bvi Aš— _vKZ bv| Z‡i‡Z - Rb¨| †f¯—-bwme nq - fv‡M¨ †hb †e‡nk‡Zi myL jvf N‡U| Ô †e‡nkZÕ k‡ãi weK…Z i~c-

†f¯—| Zvici GB k~b¨ Rxe‡b - ¿xi g„Zz ‡Z G‡Kev‡i duvKv n‡q hvIqv Rxe‡b| kZ Kvd‡bi, kZ Ke‡ii A½ n„ ‡q AvuwK - g‡bi c ©vq AMwYZ g„Zz i wnmve K‡l| bvIqv‡q †Pv‡Li R‡j - wcÖqcvÎ‡ì †kl †Mvmj †hb †Pv‡Li R‡jB mgvav Kiv n‡qwQj| gvwU‡i Avwg †h eo fv‡jvevwm - e„× K…lK e‡j †h gvwU‡Z dmj d‡j †mB gvwUi cÖwZ Zvi ggZv

Acwimxg| wKš‘ †mB ggZv AviI Mfxi n‡q‡Q gvwU‡Z Ke‡ii g‡a¨ Zvi †ek K‡qKRb wcÖqcvÎ kvwqZ e‡j|

Kuv`wQm ZzB? Kx Kwie `v y!

civb †h gv‡b bv - bvwZwUi evev I gv‡qi Ke‡ii D‡j−L Kivq bvwZi †PvL R‡j f‡i

†M‡Q| wKš‘ e„‡×i g‡b †h wecyj ytL-†e`bvi fvi R‡g‡Q †m ytL-

†e`bvi wKQzUv bv ej‡Z cvi‡j †h †e`bv-fvi jvNe n‡e bv|

ev-Rvb - ÔevcRvbÕ k‡ãi msw¶ß AvÂwjK i~c| wcZv|



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evsjv msKjb 168

Kx †h K‡i _vwK _vwK - Ae¨³ e¨Lvq gb †gvPi w`‡q I‡V evi evi|

Qc, mc& - cvwU, PvUvB|

Zzwg †h Kwnjv, Ôev-Rvb‡i †gvi

†Kv_v hvI `v y j‡q?Ó - bvwZ ZLbI g„Zz i m‡½ AcwiwPZ| ZvB †m eyS‡Z cv‡iwb †h Zvi

evev‡K Kei w`‡Z wb‡q hvIqv n‡”Q| †Zvgvi K_vi DËi w`‡Z K_v †_‡g †Mj gy‡L, mviv `ywbqvi hZ K_v Av‡Q †Ku‡` wd‡i †Mj y‡L! - wcZv‡K †h Ke‡i wb‡q hvIqv n‡”Q †m K_v ejv m¤¢e wQj bv e‡j

e„× wbe©vK n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| †m yt‡Li g‡a¨ g„Zz msev` †`qvi g‡Zv kã †hb nvwi‡q wM‡qwQj mviv ywbqvi kã fvÊvi †_‡K|

ï‡bv - k~b¨| Pi‡Y Zv‡`i Kuvw`qv DwVZ Mv‡Qi cvZvi †kvK - e„‡×i cyÎea~i †kvKvZ© Kvbœvq e¨w_Z n‡q c_Pvix cw_‡Ki cv‡qi

Zjvq ïK‡bv Siv cvZviv †hb gg©i aŸwb‡Z ¸g‡i ¸g‡i †Ku‡` DVZ| ebc‡_ cw_‡Ki cv‡qi Zjvq `wjZ ïK‡bv cvZvi gg©i aŸwb GLv‡b †kvKaŸwbi e¨Äbv †c‡q‡Q|

Av_v‡j - †Mvqv‡j, †Mvkvjvq| mviv gvV cv‡b Pvwn - e„‡×i cy‡Îi g„Zz ‡Z nv‡ji ywU ej`I †e`bvgw_Z Kvbœvq AvKzj

n‡q‡Q| fvlvnviv †evev cÖvYx `ywUi †m †e`bv cÖKvk †cZ KiyY nv¤v i‡e Avi AweiZ S‡i cov †Pv‡Li cvwb‡Z|

bvwn - mœvb K‡i| Mnxb - Mnb k‡ãi Kvwe¨K i~c| Mfxi| mvqi - mvMi k‡ãi Kvwe¨K i~c| w`wN, m‡ivei| †Pv‡Li R‡ji Mnxb mvq‡i Wyev‡q mKj Muv - cyÎea~i †kvK GZB Mfxi †e`bven wQj †h †mB †kv‡Ki

mnvbyf~wZ‡Z mg — MÖvgwUB †hb Av”Qbœ n‡q coZ| D`vwmbx †mB cj−xevjvi - ¯vgx‡kv‡K †g‡qwU (†mLv‡b cyÎea~) msmv‡ii cÖwZ mg — AvKl©Y

nvwi‡q †d‡jwQj| bq‡bi Rj eywS / Kei †`‡ki

AvÜvi N‡i c_ †c‡qwQj LuywR - ^vgxnviv †kvKvKzj †g‡qwU AwP‡iB g„Zz c_hvÎx n‡qwQj|

ZvB Rxe‡bi cÖ_g †ejvq

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evsjv msKjb 169

WvwKqv Avwbj muvS - †kvKvnZ †g‡qwU RxebcÖfv‡ZB RxebmÜ¨vi~c g„Zz ‡K †W‡K Avbj| AKv‡jB †m g„Zzï †Kv‡j X‡j coj|

ZvR - gyKzU, wk‡ivf~lY| AfvwMbx Avcwb cwij giY-we‡li ZvR - fvM¨nZ †g‡qwU †hb † ^”Qvg„Zz eiY K‡i wbj| g„Zz welv³

gyKzUi~‡c KwíZ| gwievi Kv‡j ... Qvwoqv hvB‡Z †Zv‡i - mš—vbermj Rbbx wkïcyÎ‡K gvZ…nxb K‡i †h‡Z Pvb wb| wKš‘

¯vgx‡K nviv‡bvi ytL Zv‡K GZB KvZi K‡i Zz‡jwQj †h, wZ‡j wZ‡j wZwb g„Zz¨‡KB eiY K‡i wb‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb|

Kx Rvwb Avwkm K‡i †Mj †Zv‡i giY-e¨_vi Q‡j - giYhš¿Yvq Zvi †Pv‡L †h AkÖyaviv †b‡gwQj Zv Avm‡i

mš—v‡bi cÖwZ †e`bvgw_Z Avkxe©v`| gv_vj - ZvjcvZv, †MvjcvZv I euv‡ki KvwV w`‡q ˆZwi eo Uzwc RvZxq

Av”Qv`b, hv †ivè„wó †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ Pvlxiv eënvi K‡i| †Rvogvwb‡Kiv - iZœhyMj| GLv‡b cvkvcvwk Ke‡i kvwqZ cyÎ I cyÎea~‡K †evSv‡bv

n‡q‡Q| †RvogvwbK kã eënv‡i PLv-PwLi wbweo cÖY‡qi Abyl½wU RwoZ| PLv I PwL mvaviYZ G‡K A‡bï we‡”Q` mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

†RvbvKx- †g‡qiv mvivivZ RvwM R¡vjvBqv †`q Av‡jv - wbivfiY Ke‡i Av‡jv R¡vwj‡q iv‡L iv‡Zi †RvbvwKiv| ingvb - `qvgq| eywR - eyeywR, eo †evb| ewbqvw` - cÖvPxb I m¤£vš—| Lvb`vwb HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q Ggb| kZ †h gvwiZ †Vuv‡U - Zx¶è e¨½we ªyc I KUz K_vq gg©vwš—K hš¿Yv w`Z| KmvB Pvgvi - KmvB I Pvgv‡ii g‡Zv wbg©g, wbôzi| †K RvwbZ nvq, ZvnviI civ‡Y evwR‡e giY-exY - †mB †g‡qwUi Rxe‡bI †h g„Zz i WvK Avm‡e Zv †KD KíbvI

Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| e¨_vZzi - †e`bvZ©| e‡bi NyNyiv Dû Dû Kwi ... †e`bvi exY - nZfvwMbx †g‡qwUi yt‡L KvZi n‡q e‡bi NyNyiv †hb nv-ûZvk K‡i

D`vm my‡i WvKZ Avi Mv‡Qi cvZviv †hb †Ku‡c DVZ †e`bvi gg©i aŸwb‡Z|

ivgaby eywS †b‡g G‡mwQj



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evsjv msKjb 170

†f‡¯—i Øvi †e‡q - e„‡×i Kwbôv Kb¨vwUi Rb¥ n‡qwQj ¯Mx©q m~lgv I †mŠ›`h© wb‡q|

†Zvgvi `vwì gyLLvwb

†gvi ü`‡q DwVZ †Q‡q - Kwbôv Kb¨vwUi †Pnviv wQj AweKj e„‡×i ¿xi g‡Zv| ZvB Zv‡K

†`L‡jB e„‡×i Aš—‡i cÖqvZ ¿xi †PnvivUyKz †f‡m DVZ|

iwOb mv‡S‡i ay‡q gy‡Q

w`Z †gv‡ì †Pv‡Li aviv - PgrKvi wPÎKi GwU| e„× Zvi †QvU Kb¨v‡K Rwo‡q a‡i ¿xi K_v

¯§iY K‡i A‡Sv‡i Kuv`‡Z ïi“ Ki‡j mÜ¨v †cwi‡q ivZ †b‡g

AvmZ|

`v y! ai-ai-eyK †d‡U

hvq, Avi eywS bvwn cvwi - †kv‡Ki NUbv¸‡jvi ¯§wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q e„× †hb g~wQ©ZcÖvq n‡q

c‡ob|

`xb-`ywbqvi †f — - BnKvj I ciKv‡ji ¯M©, A_©vr BnRxeb I ciRxe‡bi me©my‡Li

AvKi|

`xb-`ywbqvi †f¯— Avgvi

Nygvq wK‡mi Q‡j! - cvw_©e RM‡Z †h †e‡nk‡Zi †mŠ›`h©mylgv wb‡q G‡mwQj †m †Kvb

jxjv”Q‡j G Ke‡i Nywg‡q c‡o‡Q|

Nb Avwe‡ii iv‡M - `~i e‡bi gv_vq Avmbœ mÜ¨vKvk Avwe‡ii g‡Zv jvj Avfvq iwOb

n‡q D‡V‡Q|

Agwb Kwiqv jyUv‡q cwo‡Z - ¯¿x cyÎ Kb¨v †h Ke‡i ky‡q Av‡Q †mLv‡b Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †hZ|

gwR` - gmwR`|

†ivR †KqvgZ - c„w_exi cwimgvwß w`b| gnvcÖjq|

†gvi Rxe‡bi †ivR †KqvgZ

fvwe‡ZwQ KZ`~i - e„× Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kl w`bwUi Rb¨ AvKzj n‡q cix¶v Ki‡Qb|

gvbyl wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi †kl K‡e Zv Rv‡b bv|

Drm I cwiwPwZ

ÔKeiÕ RmxgD`& x‡bi weL¨vZ I enyj Av‡jvwPZ KweZv| GwU cÖ_g hLb ÔK‡j −vjÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq,

ZLb wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi we.G K¬v‡mi QvÎ| G KweZvq Kwe RmxgD & x‡bi KwecÖwZfvi

êwkó¨ cÖvwZôvwbK ¯xK…wZ cvq| KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq KweZvwU‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cvV¨ZvwjKvq Aš—f~©³ K‡i|

cieZ©xKv‡j KweZvwU Kwei ÔivLvjxÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nq|

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evsjv msKjb 171

KiyY imvZ¥K G KweZvq cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q GK MÖvgxY e„‡×i Rxe‡bi Mfxi †e`bvMuv_v| Rxe‡bi †kl

cÖv‡š— ùvwo‡q e„× Zvi Rxe‡bi †kvKvZ© Aa¨vq¸‡jv D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb Zvi GKgvÎ Aej¤^b bvwZi Kv‡Q|

†Mvi ’v‡b wM‡q bvwZ‡K wZwb GK GK K‡i Zvi ¿x, cyÎ, cyÎea~ I Kb¨vi Kei †`wL‡q †e`bvZ© K‡É

eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì g„Zz i gg©vwš—K ¯§„wZ¸‡jv| †h A‡bK g„Zz¨‡e`bvq Zvi ü`q ¶Zwe¶Z †mB ü`q

†_‡K AvR DrmvwiZ n‡”Q †Pv‡Li R‡j eyK fvmv‡bv nvnvKvi|

e„× `v`yi KiyY ¯§„wZgq †kvK- †e`bvB Kwe Mfxi mnvbyf~wZ w`‡q dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb|

Q›`

KweZvwU lvb¥vwÎK gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| cÖwZwU Pi‡Y 3wU c~Y© ce© Ges 1wU Ac~Y© ce© i‡q‡Q| c~Y© c‡e©i gvÎv 6 Ges Ac~Y© c‡e©i gvÎv 2| cÖwZ Pi‡Y gvÎv msL¨v †gvU 20| `y, GKwU Pi‡Y †kl Ac~Y© ce© 1 gvÎvi| †hgb: Ôev‡ci evwo‡Z hvBevi Kv‡j KwnZ awiqv cv/Avgv‡i †`wL‡Z hvBI wKš‘ DRvb-Zjxi Muv|Õ Abykxjbg~jK KvR evbvb mvay fvlvq Ô½Õ Gi ’v‡b PwjZ fvlvq-ÔOÕ

mvay fvlvq eëüZ wKQz k‡ãi evbv‡b Ô½Õ-Gi RvqMvq PwjZ fvlvq †Kvgj i~c wn‡m‡e evbv‡b ÔOÕ nq| †hgb: †f‡½ : †f‡½| ÔKeiÕ KweZvq eëüZ Ggb wKQz k‡ãi D`vniY| †f‡O : cyZz‡ji we‡q †f‡O †Mj e‡j †Ku‡` fvmvBZ eyK| jvOj : jvOj jvBqv †L‡Z QzwUZvg Muv‡qi I-c_ awi| iwOb : iwOb muv‡S‡i ay‡q gy‡Q w`Z †gv‡ì †Pv‡Li aviv| m‡gv”PvwiZ k‡ã evbvb I A_©-cv_©K¨ mvov - kã, Wv‡Ki Reve, cÖwZwµqv| mviv - mgMÖ, †kl, AvKzj| †kvbv - kªeY Kiv| †mvbv - ¯^Y©| †òx - †ò¸Y| †`wi - wej¤| †Rvo - hy³, hyMj| †Rvi - ej, kw³, mvg_©¨| cvwo - cvivcvi| cvwi - mg_© ev m¶g nB|



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evsjv msKjb 172

evbvb mZK©Zv k¦ïi, A¼, e¨_v, j²x, Avwkm, MÊ, Avwei| ey¨rcwË wb‡`©k

wZwik < wÎk †mvbv < ¯^Y©

eyK < e¶ cv < c`

Muv < MÖvg AuvwL < Aw¶

gvwU < g„wËKv Pvgvi < Pg©Kvi

civb < cÖvY yL < ytL

nvZ < n — ey‡bv < eb¨

ï‡bv < k~b¨ mvqi < mvMi

AvÜvi < AÜKvi mvZ < mß

mvc < mc© mvwnZ¨‡eva †kvK KweZv

ÔKeiÕ KweZvi ïi“ †kvK‡e`bv w`‡q Avi Gi mgvwßI N‡U‡Q †kvKvZ© nvnvKv‡i| Rxe‡bi GKgvÎ

Aej¤^b bvwZi Kv‡Q †e`bv-fivµvš— K‡É e„× e¨³ K‡i‡Qb wb‡Ri cuvP-cuvPRb cigvZ¥xq‡qi g„Zz Muv_v|

mg — KweZvi ci‡Z †kvbv hvq Aby”P µ›`baŸwbi gg©wiZ g~Q©bv|

wcÖqR‡bi g„Zz ‡Z G KweZvq gg©vwš—K †kv‡Ki GK KiyY Aven ‰Zwi n‡q‡Q| G R‡b¨ G RvZvq KweZv‡K

†kvK-KweZv (elegy) ejv nq| KLbI KLbI weL¨vZ †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡Z¡i g„Zz ‡Z †kvK-KweZv †jLv n‡q

_v‡K| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ¿x g„Zz ‡Z †jLv iex› ªbv‡_i Ô¯§iYÕ KweZv¸”Q, iex› ªbv‡_i g„Zz ‡Z hZx› ªbv_

†mb¸‡ßi †jLv Ô22 kªveY 1348Õ, gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi g„Zz ‡Z myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi †jLv Ôcv_‡ii

dzjÕ we‡kl D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †kvK-KweZv| mvwnZ¨‡eva bvUKxq ¯M‡Zvw³

bvUKxq ^M‡Zvw³‡Z e³v Zvi g‡bi GKvš— fvebv, Abyf~wZ wKsev bvUKxq AwfÁZv‡K cÖKvk K‡i

_v‡Kb| †Kv‡bv †kªvZv Dcw ’Z _vK‡jI Zvi †Kv‡bv f~wgKv _v‡K bv Ges e³vi ¯M‡Zvw³‡Z †m

†Kv‡bviKg evav †`q bv| G cš’vq †jLK e³vi Aš—R©M‡Zi Awfe¨w³ dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡ib|

ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU bvUKxq ¯^M‡Zvw³i PgrKvi D`vniY| GLv‡b e„× `v yi Rxe‡bi gg©vwš—K ytLgq NUbv I

AwfÁZvi Mfxi I wbweo †kvKven cÖKvk N‡U‡Q bvUKxq ^M‡Zvw³i gva¨‡g †kªvZv wn‡m‡e wkï †cŠ‡Îi

Dcw¯’wZ j¶ Kiv †M‡jI Zvi f~wgKv m¤ú~Y©i~‡c bxie †kªvZvi| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 173

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. Kwe e„‡×i †Kvb AvZ¥xq‡K †mvbvwj Elvi †mvbvgy‡Li m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb? K. ¿x‡K L. cyÎea~‡K M. Kb¨v‡K N. bvZwb‡K 2. `v y k¦ïievwo hvIqvi mgq †Kvb nv‡U †KbvKvUv Ki‡Zb? K. MRbvi nv‡U L. kvcjvi nv‡U M. DRvbZjxi nv‡U N. KvwRevwoi nv‡U 3. †KvbwU †c‡j `vw` me‡P‡q †ewk Lywk n‡Zb? K. cyuwZi gvjv L. ZvgvK gvRb M. bv‡Ki b_ N. nv‡Ui ZigyR 4. ÔgvwU‡i Avwg †h eo fv‡jvevwm, gvwU‡Z wgkv‡q eyK Avq-Avq `v y MjvMwj awi †Ku‡` hw` nq myL|Õ PiY ywU‡Z e„‡×i gvwUi cÖwZ AMva fv‡jvevmvi

KviYÑ i. gvwUi Z‡jB i‡q‡Q wcÖq †e‡nkZ ii. gvwUi jvOj Pvwj‡q †mvbvi dmj djv‡bv nq iii. Zvi K‡qKRb wcÖq AvZ¥xq G gvwU‡ZB kvwqZ i‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 5. ÔKeiÕ KweZvi fvev_© nj, GwUÑ i. GKwU Ki“Y imvZ¥K KweZv ii. GK MÖvgxY e„‡×i Rxeb Av‡jL¨ iii. g„Zz f‡q KvZi GK e„‡×i ¯M‡Zvw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 6. ÔKeiÕ KweZvwUi ïi“‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †KvbwU? K. †kvKvZ© nvnvKvi L. †kvK-Muv_v M. Mfxi †e`bv N. Mfxi mnvbyf~wZ 7. Ò†Rvo gvwb‡Kiv Nygv‡q i‡q‡Q GBLv‡b Zi“ QvqÓÑGLv‡b Ô†Rvo gvwb‡KivÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kv‡`i‡K

eywS‡q‡Qb? K. †Q‡j I †g‡q L. †g‡q I bvZwb M. †Q‡j I †Q‡ji eD N. ¯¿x I †Q‡j



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evsjv msKjb 174

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 8 I 9 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|

e„× bI‡ki Avjx Zvi †QvU †Q‡j, †Q‡ji eD Ges GKgvÎ bvwZ dqmvj‡K wb‡q fv‡jvfv‡eB w`b

KvUvw”Q‡jb| dqmv‡ji mv‡_ wZwb GKvË‡i knx` nIqv Zvi ¿x, eo †Q‡ji ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Zb|

wKš‘ AvKw¯§Kfv‡e moK `yN©Ubvq dqmv‡ji g„Zz¨ n‡j wZwb gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡ob|

8. dqmv‡ji m‡½ ÔKeiÕ KweZvq e„‡×i †Kvb wcÖqR‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q?

K. †Q‡j L. †g‡q

M. bvwZ N. bvZwb

9. bI‡ki Avjxi eZ©gvb gvbwmKZv wb‡Pi †Kvb cO&w³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K. civ‡Yi e¨_v g‡i bv‡Kv †m †h †Ku‡` D‡V ¶‡Y ¶‡Y

L. Agwb Kwiqv jyUv‡q cwo‡Z eo mva AvR Rv‡M

M. †gvi Rxe‡bi †ivR †KqvgZ fvwe‡ZwQ KZ`~i

N. K_v Km bv‡Kv, RvwMqv DwV‡e Nyg-†fvjv †gvi hv y

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. N‡ii †`qv‡ji d‡UvMÖvdwU †`wL‡q Kwe AwZw_ eÜy‡K ej‡jbÑ ÔG Avgvi †QvU †Q‡j, †h †bB GLb, cv_‡ii UzK‡ivi gZb Wy‡e †M‡Q Avgv‡`i MÖv‡gi cyKz‡i eQi wZ‡bK Av‡M KvK WvKv MÖx‡®§i ycy‡i|Õ K. ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? L. ÔG K_v jBqv fvex-mve †gv‡i Zvgvkv KwiZ kZÕÑ fvwe-mve Zvgvkv Ki‡Zb †Kb? M. Ô†mB †kvIqv Zvi †kl †kvIqv n‡e,ÕÑ GLv‡b †kl †kvIqv DÏxc‡Ki „k¨cU Aej¤‡b e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z Kwei †Q‡ji g„Zz ¯§„wZ ÔKeiÕ KweZvq e„‡×i †Kvb †e`bv‡ev‡ai cÖwZwbwaZ¡

K‡iÑ we‡k −lY Ki| 2. ï‡q‡Q †fv‡ii †iv` av‡bi Dc‡i gv_v †c‡Z Ajm †Mu‡qvi g‡Zv GBLv‡b KvwZ©‡Ki †¶‡Z; gv‡Vi Nv‡mi MÜ ey‡K Zvi, †Pv‡L Zvi wkwk‡ii NÖvY, Zvnvi Av¯v` †c‡q Aemv‡` †c‡K I‡V avb| K. ÔMnbÕ k‡ãi Kvwe¨K iƒc Kx? L. Ô†gvi Rxe‡bi †ivR‡KqvgZÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. Dc‡ii KweZvs‡ki mv‡_ ÔKeiÕ KweZvi fveMZ cv_©K¨ wbi“cY Ki| N. Aby‡”Q`wUi mv‡_ ÔKeiÕ KweZvi fvlv‰kjx wK mv`„k¨c~Y©? `„óvš— D‡j−L K‡i gZvgZ `vI|

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evsjv msKjb 175

3. iwng gywÝ GKRb e‡bw` †Mi¯’ wQj| Zvi †mvbv eD M„nK‡g©i Aem‡i Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i Avb›` †Kvjvn‡j Zvi evwoi AvwObv wQj gyLwiZ| G †Q‡j-†g‡qiv MÖv‡gi ¯‹z‡ji cvV PzwK‡q D”P wk¶vi Rb¨ kn‡i P‡j hvq| wk¶vRxeb †k‡l Zviv we‡q-kv`x K‡i kn‡i emevm Ki‡Z _v‡K| Gi g‡a¨ GK †Q‡j Ges GK †g‡q †`k †Q‡o cÖevm Rxeb ïi“ K‡i| Ggwb K‡i iwng gywÝi evwoi Avb›` †Kvjvnj †_‡g hvq| Gic‡iI wZwb †mvbv eD‡K wb‡q w`b KvUv‡Z _v‡Kb| GKw`b nVvr ey‡Ki e¨_v I‡V Zvi eD gviv hvq| gv‡qi g„Zz¨ msev‡` †Q‡j-†g‡qiv Qy‡U Av‡m| yÕPviw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB †h hvi Mš—‡e¨ wd‡i hvq| wZwb GKvKx wbR wf‡U evwo‡Z g„Zz i cÖni ¸Y‡Z _v‡Kb| Avi Rvqbvgv‡h e‡m ¯¿xi Rb¨ `yÕAv Ges mš—vb‡`i g½j Kvgbv K‡ib|

K. Rxe‡bi †Kvb Abyf~wZ w`‡q Kei KweZv kyi“ n‡q‡Q? L. ÔgvwU‡i Avwg †h eo fv‡jvevwmÕÑ e„‡×i G Dw³wUi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki| M. ÔKeiÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU iwng gywÝi Rxe‡b cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Òiwng gywÝ Ges ÔKeiÕ KweZvi e„‡×i mgqKvi Rxeb‡eva wfbœ m~‡Î Muv_vÓÑ we‡k −lY Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 176

Zvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b mywdqv Kvgvj

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

mywdqv Kvgvj evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó gwnjv Kwe I bvix Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg cw_K…r| †h mg‡q mywdqv

Kvgv‡ji Rb¥ ZLb evOvwj gymjgvb bvix‡ì KvUv‡Z nZ M„new›` Rxeb| ¯‹zj K‡j‡R covi †Kv‡bv

my‡hvM Zv‡ì wQj bv| cwiev‡i evsjv fvlvi cÖ‡ek GKiKg wbwl× wQj| H weiy× cwi‡e‡k mywdqv

Kvgvj cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi my‡hvM cvbwb| cvwievwiK bvbv DÌvb cZ‡bi g‡a¨ ¯^wk¶vq wkw¶Z n‡q‡Qb

wZwb| ZviB g‡a¨ wZwb evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï PP©vq wb‡R‡K wb‡ew`Z K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©xKv‡j mvwnZ¨

mvabv I bvix Av‡›`vj‡b eªZx n‡q wZwb ïay gwnjv Kwe wn‡m‡eB eiYxq nbwb, evsjv‡`‡k Rbgvb‡m

fv î n‡q‡Qb bw›`Zv gvZ…g~wZ©‡Z|

mywdqv Kvgv‡ji D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ n‡”Q: Ômuv‡Si gvqvÕ, Ôgvqv KvRjÕ, Ô †Kqvi KuvUvÕ, D`vË c„w_exÕ

BZ¨vw`| wZwb Mí, ågYKvwnbx, cÖeÜ I ¯§„wZK_v BZ¨vwÌ wj‡L‡Qb| A‡bK¸‡jv c`K I cyi¯‹v‡ii

f~wl_ n‡q‡Qb mywdqv Kvgvj| Gi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q: evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`K,

bvwmi DÏxb ¯^Y©c`K BZ¨vw`|

mywdqv Kvgv‡ji ˆcZ…K wbevm Kzwgj−vq| Zuvi Rb¥ 1911 wLªóv‡ã ewikv‡j Ges g„Zy 1999 wLªóv‡ã XvKvq| Ò†n Kwe, bxie †Kb dvMyb †h G†m‡Q aivq, em‡š— ewiqv Zzwg j‡e bv wK Ze e›`bvq?Ó Kwnj †m wmœ» AvuwL ZzwjÑ Ò`w¶Y yqvi †M‡Q Lywj? evZvwe †beyi dzj dz‡U‡Q wK? dz‡U‡Q wK Av‡gi gyKzj? `wLbv mgxi Zvi M‡Ü M‡Ü n‡q‡Q wK Aaxi AvKzj?Ó ÒGL‡bv †`Lwb Zzwg?Ó Kwnjvg, Ò†Kb Kwe AvR Ggb Db¥bv Zzwg? †Kv_v Ze be cy®úmvR?Ó Kwnj †m my ~‡i PvwnqvÑ ÒAj‡Li cv_vi evwnqv Zix Zvi G‡m‡Q wK? †e‡R‡Q wK AvMgbx Mvb? †W‡K‡Q wK †m Avgv‡i? kywb bvB, ivwL wb mÜvb|Ó Kwnjvg, ÒI‡Mv Kwe! iwPqv jn bv AvRI MxwZ,

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evsjv msKjb 177

emš—-e›`bv Ze K‡É kywb-G †gvi wgbwZ|Ó

Kwnj †m g„ y gay-¯‡iÑ

ÒbvB nj, bv †nvK Gev‡iÑ

Avgv‡i Mvwn‡Z Mvb, em‡š—‡i Avwb‡Z ewiqvÑ

i‡nwb, †m fy‡jwb †Zv, G‡m‡Q Zv dvMy‡b ¯§wiqv|Ó Kwnjvg : ÒI‡Mv Kwe, Awfgvb K‡iQ wK ZvB?

hw`I G‡m‡Q Zey Zzwg Zv‡i Kwi‡j e„_vBÓ

Kwnj †m cig †njvqÑ

Òe„_v †Kb? dvMyb †ejvq

dzj wK †dv‡Uwb kv‡L? cy®úviwZ j‡fwb wK FZzi ivRb?

gvaex Kzuwoi ey‡K MÜ bvwn? K‡i bvB AN© weiPb?Ó Ò†nvK, Zey em‡š—i cÖwZ †Kb GB Ze Zxeª wegyLZv?Ó

Kwnjvg, ÒD‡c¶vq FZziv‡R †Kb Kwe `vI Zzwg e¨_v?Ó

Kwnj †m Kv‡Q m‡i AvwmÑ

ÒKy‡nwj DËix Z‡j gv‡Ni mbœ vmxÑ

wMqv‡Q Pwjqv ax‡i cy®úk~b¨ w`M‡š—i c‡_

wi³ n‡ —! Zvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b, fywj‡Z cvwi bv †Kvb g‡Z|Ó

kãv_© I UxKv †n Kwe - Kwef³ GLv‡b Kwe‡K m‡¤vab K‡i‡Qb| bxie †Kb - D`vmxb n‡q Av‡Qb †Kb? †Kb Kve¨ I Mvb iPbvq mwµq n‡”Qb

bv? dv¸b †h G‡m‡Q aivq - c„w_ex‡Z dvjMyb A_©vr em‡š—i Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q| ewiqv - eiY K‡i| j‡e - †b‡e| Ze e›`bvq - †Zvgvi iwPZ e›`bv-Mv‡bi mvnv‡h¨| A_©vr e›`bv-Mvb iPbv K‡i

emš—‡K wK Zzwg eiY K‡i †b‡e bv? `w¶Y `yqvi †M‡Q Lywj? - Kwei wRÁvmv-em‡š—i `wLbv evZvm eB‡Z kyiy K‡i‡Q wKbv|

D`vmxb Kwe †h Zv j¶ K‡ib wb Zvi GB wRÁvmv †_‡K Zv ¯úó nq|

mgxi - evZvm|



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evsjv msKjb 178

evZvwe †beyi dzj ... Aaxi AvKzj - em‡š—i AvMg‡b evZvwe †jeyi dzj I Av‡gi gyKz‡ji M‡Ü `wLbv

evZvm w`w»w`K myM‡Ü f‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ Db¥bv Kwe Gme wKQzB

j¶ K‡ib wb| Kwei wRÁvmv Zuvi D`vmxbZv‡KB ¯úó K‡i|

GL‡bv †`L wb Zzwg? - Kwef‡³i G K_vq Avgiv wbwðZ nB cÖK…wZ‡Z em‡š—i me j¶Y

g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q| A_P Kwe Zv j¶ Ki‡Qb bv|

Db¥bv - Ab¨gb¯‹, AbyrmyK|

†Kv_v Ze be cy®úmvR? - emš— G‡m‡Q A_P Kwe bZzb dz‡j Ni mvRvb wb| wb‡RI dz‡ji

AjsKv‡i mv‡Rb wb|

AjL - Aj¶, „wói A‡MvPi|

cv_vi - mgy`ª|

iwPqv - iPbv K‡i|

jn - bvI|

emš— e›`bv - emš— FZz‡K —ywZ|

ewiqv - eiY K‡i|

em‡š—‡i Avwb‡Z... dv¸b ¯§wiqv - Kwe e›`bv-Mvb iPbv K‡i emš—‡K eiY bv Ki‡jI emš— A‡c¶v

K‡iwb| dvêyb Avmvi m‡½ m‡½ cÖK…wZ‡Z emš— G‡m‡Q|

Kwi‡j e„_vB - e¨_© Ki‡j| A_©vr Kwe-f‡³i Aby‡hvM-emš—‡K Kwe eiY bv

Kivq em‡š—i Av‡e`b ¸i“Z¡ nvwi‡q‡Q|

†njvq - AeÁvf‡i, Ae‡njv K‡i|

cy®úviwZ - dz‡ji e›`bv ev wb‡e`b|

cy®úviwZ j‡f wb wK FZzi ivRb? - FZzivR emš—‡K eiY I e›`bv Kivi Rb¨ Mv‡Q Mv‡Q dzj †dv‡U

wb? A_©vr emš—‡K mv`i Af¨_©bv Rvbv‡bvi R‡b¨B †hb dyj

†dv‡U|

gvaex - evmš—xjZv ev Zvi dzj| AN ©weiPb - AÄwj ev Dcnvi iPbv| cÖK…wZ wewPÎ mv‡R mw¾Z n‡q dzj I

Zvi †mŠif Dcnvi w`‡q emš—‡K eiY K‡i| wegyLZv - AbvMÖn| wei~c fve| AcÖmbœZv| D‡c¶vq FZziv‡R †Kb Kwe `vI Zzwg e¨_v - Kwef³ eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb bv, Kwe h_vixwZ mvb‡›` emš— e›`bv bv

K‡i Zvi w`‡K gyL wdwi‡q i‡q‡Qb †Kb| Ky‡njx - Kzqvkv|

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evsjv msKjb 179

DËix - Pvì| DËixq|

Kz‡nwj DËix Z‡j gv‡Ni mbœ vmx - Kwe kxZ‡K gv‡Ni mbœ vmxi~‡c Kíbv K‡i‡Qb| emš— Avmvi Av‡M

me©Z¨vMx me©wi³ mbœ vmxi g‡Zv gv‡Ni kxZ †hb Kzqvkvi Pvì

Mv‡q wgwj‡q †M‡Q|

cy®úk~b¨ w`M‡š—i c‡_ - kxZ cÖK…wZ‡Z †`q wi³Zvi i~c| Mv‡Qi cvZv hvq S‡i| MvQ nq

d‚jnxb| kx‡Zi G i~c‡K em‡š—i wecix‡Z ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖK…wZ em‡š—i AvMg‡b dz‡ji mv‡R mvR‡jI Kwei gb Ry‡o

Av‡Q kx‡Zi wi³Zvi Qwe| kxZ †hb me©wi³ mbœ vmxi g‡Zv

Kzqvkvi Pvì Mv‡q cÎcy®únxb w`M‡š—i c‡_ P‡j †M‡Q|

Zvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b - cÖK…wZ‡Z emš— G‡jI Kwei gb Ry‡o Av‡Q kx‡Zi wi³ I welYœ

Qwe| Kwei gb `ytL fvivµvš—| Zvi KÉ bxie| kx‡Zi KiyY

we`vq‡K wZwb wKQz‡ZB fyj‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ZvB emš—Zvi g‡b

†Kvb mvov RvMv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| em‡š—i †mŠ›`h© Zvi Kv‡Q A_©nxb,

g‡b †Kvb Av‡e`b Rvbv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| cÖm½Z D‡j −L¨, Zuvi cÖ_g

¯^vgx I Kve¨mvabvi †cÖiYv-cyiy‡li AvKw¯§K g„Zz ‡Z Kwei Aš—‡i

†h welYœZv Rv‡M ZviB my®úó cÖfve I Bw½Z G KweZvq dz‡U

D‡V‡Q| Drm

ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvwU 1935 wLªóv‡ã ÔgvwmK †gvnv¤§`xÕ cwÎKvq [beg el© lô msL¨v 1342] cÖ_g

cÖKvwkZ nq| êwkó¨

ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvq cÖK…wZ I gvbeg‡bi m¤ú‡K© GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K Zvrch©gq Awfe¨w³ †c‡q‡Q| mvaviYfv‡e cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`h© gvbeg‡bi Adziš— Avb‡›ì Drm| emš—-cªK…wZi Aci~c †mŠ›`h© †h Kweg‡b Avb›` wkniY RvMv‡e Ges wZwb Zv‡K fv‡e Q‡›` my‡i dzwU‡q Zzj‡eb †mUvB cÖZ¨vwkZ| wKš‘ Kwegb hw` †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y †kvKv”Qbœ wKsev †e`bvZzi _v‡K Z‡e emš— Zvi mg — †mŠ›`h© m‡Ë¡I Kwei Aš—i‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G KweZvq Kwei e¨w³Rxe‡bi `ytLgq NUbvi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q| Zuvi mvwnZ¨-mvabvi cÖavb mnvqK I Drmvn`vZv ^vgx ˆmq` †bnvj †nv‡m‡bi AvKw¯§K g„Zz ‡Z (1932) Kwei Rxe‡b cÖPÊ k~b¨Zv †b‡g Av‡m| Zuvi e¨w³Rxeb I Kve¨mvabvi †¶‡Î †b‡g Av‡m GK `ytmn welYœZv| Kwegb Av”Qbœ n‡q hvq wi³Zvi nvnvKv‡i| ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZv‡K Av”Qbœ K‡i Av‡Q †mB welv`gq wi³Zvi myi| ZvB emš— G‡jI D`vmxb Kwei Aš—i Ry‡o wi³ kx‡Zi KiyY we`v‡qi †e`bv|



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evsjv msKjb 180

KweZvwUi Avi GKwU j¶Yxq ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q, Gi bvUKxqZv| MVbixwZi w`K †_‡K GwU msjvcwbf©i

iPbv| KweZvi fvev‡eMgq fvee¯‘i †e`bvNb welYœZvi myi Ges myjwjZ Q›` GZB gvayh©gwÊZ †h Zv

mn‡RB cvV‡Ki Aš—i Qzu‡q hvq|

Q›` KweZvwU A¶ie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| 8 I 10 gvÎvi ce©| ¯—eK web¨v‡m wKQzUv ˆewPÎ¨ Av‡Q| Abykxjbxg~jK KvR KweZv Dcjw× 1. G KweZvi eY©bvKvix †K? Kwe wb‡R? bv Kwef³?

2. j¶ Ki‡j eyS‡Z cvi‡e cy‡iv KweZvwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q Kwe I Kwef‡³i msjv‡ci gva¨‡g| GKRb

QvÎ Kwef‡³i f~wgKv Ges GKRb QvÎx Kwei f~wgKv bvI| Gevi yR‡b wbR wbR Ask Ave„wË Ki|

3. ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvq Kvi K_v Kwie g‡b c‡o‡Q? †Kb? G KweZvq Kwei e¨w³Rxe‡bi

QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q wK? k‡ãi ey rcwË wb‡ ©k

bxie < wbt + ie Db¥bv < Dr +gbv dvMyb < dvM−yb mvR < m¾v AuvwL < Aw¶ AjL < Aj¶ `yqvi < Øvi Kzuwo < †KviK `wLbv < `w¶Y + Av w`Mš— < w`K + Aš— AvR < A`¨ cy®úviwZ < cy®ú + AviwZ| evZvwe - GKiKg eo AvKv‡ii †jey| heØx‡ci ivRavbx ÔevUvwfqv, †_‡K cÖ_g AvbxZ nq

e‡j GB bvgKiY n‡q‡Q| wgbwZ - ms¯‹…Z webwZ Ges Aviwe wgbZ kã‡hv‡M ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| evbvb mZK©Zv [C-Kvi]

bxie, mgxi, Aaxi, Zix, AvMgx, MxwZ, gvaex, Zxeª, mbœ vmx, ax‡i, DËix|

bv-evPK wµqv we‡klY

wb - GL‡bv †`L wb Zzwg? dzj wK †dv‡U wb kv‡L?

cy®úviwZ j‡f wb wK FZzi ivRb? ivwL wb mÜvb

i‡n wb, †m fy‡j wb †Zv!

bv- em‡š— ewiqv Zzwg j‡e bv wK Ze e›`bvq? www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 181

iwPqv jn bv AvRI MxwZ|

fywj‡Z cvwi bv †Kvb g‡Z|

bvB- kywb bvB, ivwL wb mÜvb

bvB nj, bv †nvK Gevi

K‡i bvB AN© weiPb?

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ- KweZvi eY©bvKvix PwiÎ †KvbwU?

K. Kwe ¯^qs L. Kwe f³

M. e„× `v`y N. Kzjj²x

2. ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕÑ KweZvq em‡š—i cÖwZ Kwei wegyLZvi KviY Ñ

i. AZxZ cÖxwZ

ii. e¨w³MZ `ytL‡eva

iii. kxZ FZzi we`vq


K. i L. ii

M. i I iii N. ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|

Òk¨vgj-KvRj eb Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M

Z‡e AvgviI cÖwZÁv Av‡Q A‡bK

†h‡Z n‡e eû`~i-Nywg‡q covi Av‡M|Ó

3. Aby‡”Q‡ì Ôk¨vgj-KvRj ebÕ ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvi †Kvb FZzi iƒcK?

K. kir L. †ngš—

M. kxZ N. emš—

4. Aby‡”Q‡ì g~jfve wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?

K. i‡nwb †m fy‡jwb †Zv, G‡m‡Q Zv dv¸‡b ¯§wiqv

L. Zvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b fywj‡Z cvwi bv †Kv‡bv g‡Z

M. emš—-e›`bv Ze K‡É ïwb G †gvi wgbwZ

N. Zix Zvi G‡m‡Q wK? †e‡R‡Q wK AvMgbx Mvb

5. MVbixwZi w`K †_‡K ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ †Kvb ai‡bi KweZv?



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evsjv msKjb 182

K. ¯^M‡Zvw³ L. Kvwnbxg~jK

M. mvaviY eY©bv N. msjvc wbf©i

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. wng Kz‡nwji Aš—i Z‡j AvwR‡K cyjK Rv‡M ivwOqv D‡V‡Q cjvk KwbKv gayi iw½b iv‡M| Avwm‡e Gevi FZzivR eywS Zvwi euvwk I‡V gj‡q‡Z evwR *************************** *************************** `~‡i m‡i †M‡Q wng RR©i Kzqvkv XvKv †e`bv wb_i gg©wi I‡V gayi ivwMYx eb-wbKzÄ Z‡j my›ì †m †h nvwm‡Z Zvnvi wbwLj fyeb †fv‡j| K. ÔKzuwoÕ kãwUi ey¨rcwË wb‡`©k Ki| L. kxZ FZz‡K Kwe †Kb Ôgv‡Ni mbœ vmxÕ e‡j‡Qb? M. Aby‡”Q‡ì cÖ_gvs‡ki fvewU ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvq Kvi msjv‡c dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aby‡”Q‡ì ewY©Z FZzi m‡½ ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvi FZzi `„wófw½MZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡QÕÑ G Dw³wUi

m‡½ Zzwg wK GKgZ? †Zvgvi g‡Zi c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 2. we`¨v I mvwnZ¨PP©vi R‡b¨ we‡qi ci Awbw›`Zv memgq ¯^vgx aª“e¸‡ßi KvQ †_‡K Drmvn I †cÖiYv

†c‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Zuvi myLx `v¤úZ¨ Rxeb `xN©vwqZ nq wb| Z‡e ¯vgxi g„Zz i ci wZwb †_‡g hvb wb, GKvKx Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡jI we`¨v I mvwnZ¨PP©v Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb| G Qvov wZwb bvix wk¶vi Rb¨ wb‡q‡Qb bvbv D‡`¨vM| me©‡¶‡ÎB ^vgxi ¯§„wZ wQ‡jv Zuvi Aby‡cÖiYv ’j|

K. ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvi g~j myi Kx? L. em‡š—i †mŠ›`h© Kwei Kv‡Q A_©nxb †Kb? M. ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡bÕ KweZvi †Kvb FZzi m‡½ DÏxc‡Ki Awbw›`Zvi ¯vgxi wPiwe`v‡qi wgj i‡q‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔZvnv‡iB c‡o g‡b fywj‡Z cvwi bv †Kvb g‡ZÕÑ Kwei G g‡bvfv‡ei m‡½ ¯vgxnviv Awbw›`Zvi

g‡bvfv‡ei Zzjbv Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 183

cv‡Äwi dii“L Avng`

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

Pwj−‡ki `k‡K Avwef©~Z kw³gvb Kwe‡ì Ab¨Zg diiyL Avng‡ì cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ ÔmvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÕ

cÖKvwkZ nq 1944 mv‡j| Gi ci G‡K G‡K Zuvi A‡bK Kve¨MÖš’, Kve¨bvU¨ I KvwnbxKve¨ cÖKvwkZ

n‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx HwZ‡nï cybiy¾xe‡b wek¦vmx G Kwei KweZvq cÖavbZ cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Bmjvgx Av`k© I

Rxeb‡ev‡ai| Kg©Rxe‡b eny wewPÎ †ckv Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb wZwb| Z‡e †kl ch©š— `xN©Kvj a‡i w ’Z

n‡q‡Qb XvKv †eZv‡i Ô÷vd ivBUviÕ wn‡m‡e| Zuvi Ab¨ Kve¨MÖš’My‡jv n‡”Q: Kve¨MÖš’ ÔwmivRvg gybxivÕ,

Kve¨bvU¨ Ô †bŠ‡dj I nv‡ZgÕ, m‡bUmsKjb Ôgyn~‡Z©i KweZvÕ Ges KvwnbxKve¨ Ônv‡Zg ZvqxÕ| G Qvov

wZwb †QvU‡ì Rb¨ †ek wKQz Qov I KweZv wj‡L †M‡Qb|

mvwnZ¨K…wZi ^xK…wZ¯î~c wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgx mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi I BD‡b‡¯‹v cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Qb Ges

gi‡YvËi GKz‡k c`‡K f~wlZ n‡q‡Qb|

dii~L Avng‡ì Rb¥ 1918 wLªóv‡ã gv¸iv †Rjvi gvSAvBj MÖv‡g| Zuvi g„Zz XvKvq 1974 wLªóv‡ã|

ivZ †cvnvevi KZ †`wi cv‡Äwi?

GL‡bv †Zvgvi Avmgvb fiv †g‡N?

†mZviv, †njvj GL‡bv I‡Vwb †R‡M?

Zzwg gv¯—y‡j, Avwg ùvo Uvwb fy‡j;

Amxg Kzqvkv Rv‡M k~b¨Zv †Nwi|


`xNj iv‡Zi kªvš— mdi †k‡l

†Kvb `wiqvi Kv‡jv w`M‡š— Avgiv c‡owQ G‡m?

G Kx Nb-wmqv wR‡›`Mvbxi evÕe

†Zv‡j gwm©qv e¨w_Z w`‡ji Zzdvb-kªvš— LvÕe

AùzU n‡q µ‡g Wy‡e hvq Rxe‡bi Rq‡fix|

Zzwg gv¯—y‡j, Avwg ùvo Uvwb fy‡j;

m¤§y‡L ïay Amxg Kzqvkv †nwi|



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evsjv msKjb 184


e›`‡i e‡m hvÎxiv w`b †Mv‡b,

eywS †gŠmygx nvIqvq †gv‡ì Rvnv‡Ri aŸwb †kv‡b,

eywS Kzqvkvq, †RvQbv-gvqvq Rvnv‡Ri cvj †`‡L|

Avnv, †c‡ikvb gymvwdi `j

`wiqv wKbv‡i Rv‡M ZK&w`‡i

wbivkvi Qwe Gu‡K|

c_nviv GB `wiqv-†muvZvq Ny‡i

P‡jwQ †Kv_vq? †Kvb mxgvnxb ~‡i?

Zzwg gv —y‡j, Avwg uvo Uvwb fy‡j;

GKvKx iv‡Zi ¤−vb RyjgvZ †nwi| ivZ †cvnvevi KZ †`wi cv‡Äwi?

ïay Mvdj‡Z, kyay †Lqv‡ji fy‡j,

`wiqvÑA_B åvwš— wbqvwQ Zz‡j,

Avgv‡`wi fy‡j cvwbi wKbv‡i gymvwdi `j ewm

†`‡L‡Q mf‡q A — wMqv‡Q Zv‡ì †mZviv, kkx|

†gv‡ì †Ljvi a~jvq jyUv‡q cwo

†K‡U‡Q Zv‡ì yf©v‡Mï we¯v` ke©ix|

mI`vM‡ii `j gv‡S †gviv IVv‡qwQ AvnvRvwi,

N‡i N‡i I‡V µ›`baŸwb AvIqvR kybwQ Zvwi|

I wK evZv‡mi nvnvKvi, Ñ I wK

†ivbvRvwi, ¶zwa‡Zi!

I wK `wiqvi MR©b, Ñ I wK †e`bv gRjy‡gi!

I wK ¶zavZzi cuvRivq ev‡R g„Zz i Rq‡fix| cv‡Äwi!

Rv‡Mv e›`‡i ˆKwdq‡Zi Zxeª åƒKzwU †nwi,

Rv‡Mv AMYb ¶zwaZ gy‡Li bxie åƒKzwU †nwi!

†`L †P‡q †`L m~h© IVvi KZ †`wi, KZ †`wi!!

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evsjv msKjb 186

Abykxjg~jK KvR

wewkóZv

Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ diiyL Avng‡ì Ab¨Zg †kªô KweZv| GKwU GKwU i~cK KweZv| G KweZvq cv‡Äwi RvwZi KY©av‡ii cÖZxK| KweZvq eëüZ wewfbœ kã I wPÎKí Ggwbfv‡e bvbv cÖZxKx Zvrch©gwÊZ| KweZvwU‡Z mgy`ªhvÎvi cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZ Ges Zv †_‡K DËi‡Yi AvKv•¶vi †fZi w`‡q Kwe RvZxq weivRgvb m¼U DËi‡Y RvZxq †bZ…‡Z¡i m‡PZb f~wgKv cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e AvcvZewY©Z fvee ‘i Avov‡j Avgiv Aš—wb©wnZ Avjv`v fvee¯‘ cvB| G KweZvq fveKíbv I Av‡eM gvayh© i~cvq‡Y aŸwb‡mŠKh©, kãeënvi, wPÎKí iPbv I i~cK-cÖZxK m„wó‡Z Kwe PgrKvwi‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Aviwe-dviwm kã

G KweZvq fvevbyl½ iPbvq Kwe †ek wKQz Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi eënv‡i `¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| †mMy‡jvi mvwie× GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| Gevi wgwj‡q †`L wb‡Pi kã¸‡jv †Zvgvi ZvwjKvq Av‡Q wKbv| Gi ci GMy‡jvi A_© †jL I ev‡K¨ eënvi Kiv hvq wK bv †`L: cv‡Äwi, Avmgvb, †mZviv, †njvj, mdi, `wiqv, wmqv, wR‡›`Mvbx, evÕe, gwm©qv, Zzdvb, LvÕe, nvIqv, †c‡ikvb, gymvwdi, ZKwì, RyjgvZ, MvdjZ, mI`vMi, AvnvRvwi, AvIqvR, †ivbvRvwi, gRjyg, ˆKwdqZ| KweZvi fvee ‘ Dcjwä| G KweZvq †ek wKQz kã we‡kl A_©m~PK cÖZxKx kã wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡Pi D`vniY¸‡jv j¶

Ki:

kã mvaviY A_© we‡kl cÖZxKx Zvrch© cv‡Äwi Rvnv‡Ri AMÖfv‡Mi c_wb‡ ©kK RvwZi c_cÖ k©K

Av‡jv ev evwZavix †bŠKgx©

Avmgvb AvKvk RvZxq Rxeb

†gN †bŠhvÎvq `y‡h©v‡Mi Avfvm RvZxq Rxe‡b y‡h©v‡Mi Avfvm

†mZviv, †njvj †bŠhvÎvq c_wb‡`©kK ev Avkvi Av‡jv RvZxq Rxe‡b msKU DËi‡Yi m¤¢vebvi Bw½Z

Amxg Kzqvkv †bŠhvÎvq APj Ae ’vi KviY RvZxq Rxe‡b APjve ’vi cÖZxK

ivZ AÜKvigq cwi‡ek RvZxq Rxe‡bi msKURbK Kv‡jv Aa¨vq

KweZvq eëüZ G ai‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kã Lyu‡R †ei Ki Ges †m¸‡jvi mvaviY A_© I cÖZxKx Zvrch© wjwce×

Ki| Gfv‡e G KweZvi fvee ‘i y‡Uv i~c †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q aiv co‡e| GKwU n‡e RvnvR hvÎvi

cÖwZK~jZvi Qwe| Ab¨wU n‡e RvZxq Rxe‡bi msKU I Zv †_‡K DËi‡Yi AvKv•¶v| Gevi Avjv`v `ywU

wk‡ivbv‡g ywU Aby‡”Q‡` KweZvi AvcvZ „ó fvee ‘ Ges Aš—wb©wnZ Zvrch© †jL| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 187

mvwnZ¨‡eva i~cK KweZv i~cK KweZv ej‡Z Ggb ai‡bi KweZv †evSvq †hLv‡b Kwe Zuvi †Kv‡bv we‡kl fve ev ZË¡‡K mivmwi

cÖKvk bv K‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv evwn¨K NUbv, wPÎ BZ¨vw`i Avov‡j †i‡L mgvš—iv‡j e¨wÄZ K‡i _v‡Kb|

i~c‡Ki Bs‡iwR kã n‡”Q Allegory | wMÖK fvlvq Gi A_© nj-ÔAb¨ wKQz‡K †evSv‡”QÕ| i~cK KweZvq

fvee ‘i y‡Uv w`K _v‡K| GKwU nj AvcvZ „ó fvee ‘| Ab¨wU nj Aš—wb©wnZ mgvš—ivj fvee ‘| A_©vr

i~cK KweZvq evB‡ii A_© n‡”Q evP¨v_©, Avi Aš—wb©wnZ A_© nj wbwnZv_©|

myZivs i~cK KweZv n‡”Q evB‡ii i~‡ci Avov‡j †fZ‡ii i~‡ci Avfvm`vbKvjx KweZv|

Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ G ai‡bi GKwU i~cK KweZv| ÔKweZvi fvee ‘ DcjwäÕ AskwUi mvnvh¨ wb‡j KweZvwUi i~cK

Zvrch© Abyaveb Kiv mnR n‡e|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. ÔwR‡›`Mvwbi evÕeÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q- K. Rxe‡bi ch©vq‡K L. Rxe‡bi civRq‡K M. Rxe‡bi Rq‡K N. Rxe‡bi ¶q‡K 2. ÔNb-wmqvÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡”QÑ K. Kv‡jv †gN L. wbweo Kv‡jv M. Nb Kzqvkv N. Kv‡jv ivwÎ 3. Ôe›`‡i e‡m hvÎxiv w`b †Mv‡YÕ- wK‡mi R‡b¨? K. cicv‡i hvevi Rb¨ L. †bZvi AvMg‡bi Rb¨ M. Rvnv‡R IVvi Rb¨ N. bZzb mKv‡ji Rb¨ 4. ÔivZ †cvnvevi KZ †`wi cv‡Äwi?Õ GB cO&w³i gvÎv msL¨v KZ? K. 6+6+2=14 L. 6+4+4=14 M. 8+2+4=14 N. 8+3+3=14 5. cv‡Äwi KweZvi g~jfve mv_©Kfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q- K. wPÎK‡í L. Q‡›` M. AbycÖv‡m N. iƒc‡K

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| KZ †h Avuavi c`©v cviv‡q †fvi nÕj Rvwbbv Zv| bvi½x e‡b Kuvc‡Q meyR cvZv| `yqv‡i †Zvgvi mvZ-mvM‡ii †Rvqvi G‡b‡Q †dbv| Zey RvM‡j bv? Zey Zzwg RvM‡j bv? mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS †P‡q †`‡Lv `yqv‡i Wv‡K RvnvR, APj Qwe †m, Zmwei †hb uvwo‡q i‡q‡Q AvR| K. Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?



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evsjv msKjb 188

L. ÔGL‡bv †Zvgvi Avmgvb fiv †g‡N?Õ Ñ GB cOw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. Aby‡”Q‡ì Av‡jv‡K Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ KweZvi welqe ‘ Dc ’vcb Ki|

N. Aby‡”Q‡ì m‡½ Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ kxl©K KweZvi ˆkjxMZ m¤úK© wePvi Ki|

2. `yM©g wMwi Kvš—vi gi“ `y¯—i cvivevi

jw•N‡Z n‡e ivwÎ wbkx‡Z hvwÎiv ûwkqvi

`ywj‡Z‡Q Zix, dzwj‡Z‡Q Rj fywj‡Z‡Q gvwS c_

wQuwoqv‡Q cvj, †K awi‡e nvj Av‡Q Kvi wn¤§Z?

†K AvQ †Rvqvb nI Av¸qvb nvwK‡Q fwel¨r

G Zzdvb fvwi, w`‡Z n‡e cvwo, wb‡Z n‡e Zix cvi|

K. Ôgwm©qvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?

L. ÔGL‡bv †Zvgvi Avmgvb fiv †g‡N?Õ Dw³i Øviv Kx †evSvbv n‡q‡Q?

M. Aby‡”Q‡ì mv‡_ Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ KweZvi wgj †Kv_vq-e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Ô†K AvQ †Rvqvb nI Av¸qvbÕ cOw³i m‡½ Ôcv‡ÄwiÕ KweZvi fvee¯‘i Zzjbvg~jK-wePvi we‡k−lY Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 189

Avgvi c~e© evsjv ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb GKvav‡i Kwe, cÖvewÜK, wk¶vwe` I M‡elK| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb Aa¨vcbv K‡i‡Qb XvKv, KivwP I P‡ÆvMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡q| DcvPv‡h©i `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb Rvnv½xibMi I ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q| evsjv GKv‡Wgxi cwiPvjK Ges evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ welqK Dc‡`óvI wQ‡jb wZwb| ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó AvaywbK Kwe‡ì GKRb| Zuvi KweZvi fvee ‘‡Z HwZn¨ m‡PZbZv, †mŠ›`h©‡eva I †`kcÖxwZ Ges †mBm‡½ i~cixwZ‡Z cix¶v-wbix¶vi cwiPq Av‡Q| Zuvi D‡j −L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ n‡”Q: Kve¨MÖš’−ÔA‡bK AvKvkÕ, ÔGKK mÜ¨vq emš—Õ, Ômnmv mPwKZÕ, ÔAvgvi cÖwZw`‡bi kãÕ, Ômgy‡ ªB hv‡evÕ; M‡elYv I cÖeÜMÖš’-ÔKwe ga~m~`bÕ, Ôiex› ª Kve¨wePv‡ii f~wgKvÕ, ÔKweZvi K_v I Ab¨vb¨ we‡ePbvÕ, Ôevsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvmÕ, ÔmZZ ¯vMZÕ, Ôwkí‡eva I wkí‰PZb¨Õ; Abyev`MÖš’-ÔnyBUg¨v‡bi KweZvÕ| G QvovI Zuvi GKvwaK ¯§„wZK_v I ågYKvwnbx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`K, bvwmiDwÏb ¯Y©c`Kmn wewfbœ cyi¯‹vi I c`K jvf K‡i‡Qb| ˆmq` Avjx Avnmv‡bi Rb¥ 1922 wLªóv‡ã gv¸iv †Rjvi Av‡jvKw`qvq| wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib 25†k RyjvB 2002 wLªóv‡ã| Avgvi c~e©-evsjv GK My”Q wmœø»

AÜKv‡ii Zgvj

A‡bK cvZvq NwbôZvq

GKwU cÖMvp wbKzÄ

mÜ¨vi D‡b¥‡li g‡Zv

m‡ive‡ii AZ‡ji g‡Zv

Kv‡jv-†Kk †g‡Ni mÂ‡qi g‡Zv wegy» †e`bvi kvwš—

Avgvi c~e©-evsjv el©vi AÜKv‡ii AbyivM

ü`q Qyu‡q-hvIqv

wm³ bxjv¤ix

wbKz‡Äi Zgvj KbK-jZvq †Niv

Keix G‡jv K‡i AvKvk †`Lvi

gyn~Z©



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evsjv msKjb 190

A‡kl Abyfe wb‡q

cyjwKZ m”QjZv

GK mgq m~h©‡K †X‡K A‡bK †g‡Ni cvjK,

ivwk ivwk avb gvwU Avi cvwbi

†Kgb wb‡ðZb Kiv MÜ

KZ `kv weiwnYxiÑ GK yB wZb

`kwU

GLv‡b Î¯— AvKzjZvq wPiKvj

Awfmvi

Ni Avi we‡`k AvwObv

AvKyjZvq GKvKvi

wZbwU dyj Avi A‡bK cvZv wb‡q

K`¤ Ziyi GKwU kvLv gvwU

Quy‡q‡Q

AviI A‡bK MvQ cvZv jZv

bxj njy †e¸wb A_ev mv`v

ARmª dz‡ji eb¨v Adziš—

Ny‡gi AjmZvq †PvL euy‡R Avmvi g‡Zv

kvwš—

Kv‡Ki †Pv‡Li g‡Zv Kv‡jvPzj

Gwj‡q

cvwb‡Z cv Wywe‡q-ivOv-Drcj

hvi Dcgv

ü`q Quy‡q-hvIqv wø» bxjv¤ix‡Z

†`n wN‡i

†h †`‡ni Dcgv wø» ZgvjÑ

Zzwg Avgvi c~e© evsjvÑ

cyjwKZ m”QjZvq, cÖMvp wbKzÄ \

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evsjv msKjb 191

kãv_© I UxKv

GK¸””Q wmœ» AÜKv‡ii Zgvj - G wPÎKíwU Ôeën„Z n‡q‡Q c~e© evOjvi Dcgv wn‡m‡e| Kwei fve GLv‡b †c‡q‡Q GKvš— I Aš—i½ Bw› ªqvbyf~wZi ZxeªZv| AÜKv‡ii Zgvj¸”Q †h Abycg †Kvgj gvay‡h©i †`¨vZbv †`q, c~e© evOjvi k¨vgj kvš— †Kvgj cwi‡ek †hb wVK †Zgwb| Zv †hb Kwei †Pv‡L †gvnvÄb m„wó K‡i|

A‡bK cvZvi NwbôZvq GKwU cÖMvp wbKzÄ - cvZvq QvIqv jZvq †Niv M„n †hgb Abycg Avevm, meyR-k¨vgj

c~e© evsjvI Kwei Kv‡Q †Zgwb| GKwU wPÎKí| wbKzÄ - jZvM„n| Ai‡Y¨ ev D`¨v‡b jZvcvZv †Niv KywU‡ii gZ RvqMv| mÜ¨vi D‡b¥‡li g‡Zv - w`‡bi Kg©‡Kvjvn‡ji †k‡l mÜ¨vj‡Mœ cÖK…wZ‡Z †h Awbe©Pbxq

†mŠ›`‡h©i we —vi nq Zv g‡b †h Ac~e© fve RvMvq| GKwU Dcgv|

m‡ive‡ii AZ‡ji g‡Zv - kvš— kxZj Abyf~wZi MfxiZv †evSv‡Z eëüZZ n‡q‡Q| GwUI Dcgv| ywU DcgvB cÖkvwš—i fve RvMÖZ K‡i|

wegy» †e`bvi kvwš— - Kwei G Abyf‡e welYœZvi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi cÖkvwš—i Avfvm i‡q‡Q|

el©vi AÜKv‡ii AbyivM - G Awfe¨w³‡Z Avengvb evsjv KweZvq el©vi AÜKvi iv‡Z bvqK-bvwqKvi †cÖ‡gi Abyiv‡Mi HwZ‡nï cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯§iYxq;

Ggb w`‡b Zv‡i ejv hvq| Ggb Nb‡Nvi eilvq|Ó (iex›`ªbv_) n„`q Qzu‡q hvIqv- wm³ bxjv¤îx - G wPÎK‡í ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv KweZvi cÖm½ G‡m‡Q| êòe

KweZvq el©v iv‡Z ivavi wei‡ni †h Qwe cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z †`Lv hvq? el©v‡K D‡c¶v K‡i wein wenŸjv ivav bxj kvwo c‡i bvq‡Ki g‡b †h Mxfi Abyiv‡Mi Rb¥ w`‡q G‡m‡Q c~e© evsjvi bxjvf k¨vgj cÖK…wZi cwi‡e&Ub †Zgwb Kwei Aš—i Qzu‡q hvq| wPÎKíwU‡Z Kwei ü`qv‡eM I e~cgy»Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

KbK-jZv - ¯Y©jZv| Keix G‡jv K‡i AvKvk †`Lvi gyn~Z© - G wPÎKíwU‡ZI gnvKwe Kvwj`v‡mi weL¨vZ Ô†gN`~ZÕ Kv‡e¨

be‡g‡Ni mÂv‡i Drdzj− bvixi †Kk AvjyjvwqZ K‡i AvKvk Ae‡jvK‡bi cÖm½ bZzbfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| be‡g‡Ni mÂvi Zš^x-n„ ‡q †h Avb‡›ì mÂvi K‡i †mB Avb›` Kwe Abyfe K‡ib G †`‡ki cÖK…wZi †mŠ›`‡h©i g‡a¨|



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evsjv msKjb 192

A‡kl Abyfe wb‡q cyjwKZ m”QjZv - evsjv‡`‡ki i~c‰ewPÎ¨ Kwei Abyf~wZi enygvwÎKZv I êwPÎ¨

wb‡q Dcw¯’Z Ges †m¸‡jv Zvi Adziš— Avb‡›ì Drm| KZ `kv weiwnYxi - GK `yB wZb `kwU - êòe KweZvq ewY©Z ivavi wei‡ni `kwUi Ae¯’vi D‡j−Lm~‡Î

Kwe c~e© evsjvi gvby‡li fvev‡e‡Mi êwkó¨ I êwPÎ¨‡KI G †`‡ki Aw —‡Z¡i m‡½ GKxf~Z K‡i †`‡L‡Qb|

GLv‡b G AvKzjZvq wPiKvj Awfmvi/Ni Avi we‡`k AvwObv AvKzjZvq GKvKvi - êòe KweZvi HwZ‡nï Abymi‡Y Kwe G †`‡ki gvby‡li

n„ qv‡e‡Mi wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb| †cÖgwenŸj G‡`‡ki gvbyl AvengvbKvj a‡i Ni‡K K‡i‡Q evwni, evwni‡K K‡i‡Q Ni|

Kv‡Ki †Pv‡Li gZ Kv‡jv Pzj Gwj‡q - Kwe c~e© evsjv‡K ggZvgqx bvixg~wZ© i~‡c Kíbv Ki‡Z wM‡q

†gNv”Qbœ AvKvk‡K Kv‡jvPz‡ji m‡½ DcwgZ K‡i‡Qb| cvwb‡Z cv Wywe‡q - el©vKv‡j c~e© evsjvi gvVNvU cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvq| Kwe Kíbv

K‡i‡Qb g~wZ©gZx c~e© evsjv †hb ZLb cvwb‡Z cv Wywe‡q e‡m _v‡K, †hgb K‡i cvwb‡Z †f‡m _v‡K ivOv cÙ|

n„`q Qzu‡q-hvIqv wmœ» bxjv¤ix‡Z †`n wN‡i - el©vmœvZ c~e© evsjvi bxjvf k¨vgj cÖK…wZ †hb g~wZ©gZx bvixi~cx

c~e© evOjvi †`n wN‡i _vKv bxj kvwo| cyjwKZ ^”QjZv cÖMvp wbKzÄ - c~e© evsjv Kwei †Pv‡L mxgvnxb Avb›` I †mŠ›`‡h©i GK myMfxi

AvKl©Yxq jZv-wbKz‡Äi m‡½ Zzjbxq|

Drm I cwiwPwZ

ÔAvgvi c~e© evsjvÕ KweZvwU msKwjZ n‡q‡Q ˆmq` Avjx Avnmv‡bi ÔGKK mÜ¨vq emš—Õ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K|

KweZvwU‡Z Kwei †mŠ›`h©cÖxwZ I ¯‡`k‡PZbv bvbv Dcgv-i~cK I wPÎK‡íi mywbcyb web¨v‡m GK ALÊ

fveg~wZ©‡Z D¾¡j| Kwei GKvš— I Aš—i½ Abyf~wZi wmœ» dmj KweZvwU|

^‡`‡ki i~cjveY¨ I êwP‡Î¨ Kwe Awff~Z| c~e© evsjvi cÖK…wZ Zuvi Aš—‡i ARmª Abyf‡ei m„wó K‡i‡Q|

Avi Kwe †mB fv‡ei cªevn‡K G‡Ki ci GK ci‡Z ci‡Z mvwR‡q‡Qb Dcgv, i~cK I wPÎK‡í| GKB

m‡½ †gjeÜb N‡U‡Q Avengvb evsjvi cÖK…wZ I gvby‡li Abcyg HwZ‡nï bvbv Abyl‡½i| www.fa

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evsjv msKjb 193

cÖK…wZi ARmª i~cgqZv, e¨w³MZ Abyfe, †kKomÜvbx †PZbv-me wgwj‡q wkímdj G KweZvwU wbg©vY

Kiv n‡q‡Q gvÎ GKwU ev‡Kï Avav‡i| wbtm‡›`‡n GwU Kwei AvaywbK wkí‡eva I wkí‰PZ‡bï GK

Hk¦h©gq dmj| Q›` ÔAvgvi c~e© evsjvÕ KweZvwU M`¨Q‡›` iwPZ| M`¨Q‡›` †Kv‡bv mywbw ©ó ce© ev gvÎvmvg¨ iw¶Z nq bv| wKš‘

Kwe GKwU AbwZwbi~wcZ aŸwb m„wó K‡ib|

Abykxjbg~jK KvR

fvlv Abykxjb m¤Ü c`

†Kv‡bv wKQz eY©bv ev fvevbyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î Avgiv A‡bK mgq m¤Ü c‡ì eënvi K‡i _vwK|

e¨vKi‡Y m¤Ü c` ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQzi m‡½ Ab¨ wKQzi m¤úK©‡K †evSvq| mvaviYZ hvi m‡½ k‡ãi

†k‡l ÔiÕ ev ÔGiÕ wefw³ †hvM K‡i m¤Ü cÖKvk Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

ÔAvgvi c~e© evsjvÕ KweZvq m¤^Ü c‡ì e¨vcK I êwPÎ¨gq eënvi †`Lv hvq| †hgb:

AÜKv‡ii Zgvj|

A‡bK cvZvi NwbôZv

Kv‡jv †Kk †g‡Ni mÂq

wegy» †e`bvi kvwš—

AvKvk †`Lvi gyn~Z©

K`¤ Ziyi GKwU kvLv

ARmª dz‡ji eb¨v| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv m¤^Üc` Dcgv eënv‡i mnvqK n‡q‡Q :

K) mÜ¨vi D‡b¥‡li g‡Zv

m‡ive‡ii AZ‡ji g‡Zv

Kv‡jv-†Kk †g‡Ni mÂ‡qi g‡Zv

wegy» †e`bvi kvwš—

L) Ny‡gi AjmZvq †PvL eyu‡R Avmvi g‡Zv

kvwš—

M) Kv‡Ki †Pv‡Li g‡Zv Kv‡jvPzj

Gwj‡q

evbvb mZK©Zv mÜ¨v, bxjv¤ix, Keix, gynyZ©, m~h©, weiwnYx, cÖMvp, Î —, m”QjZv|



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evsjv msKjb 194

DcmM© A- †hv‡M MwVZ kã AZj, A‡kl, Adziš—, AjmZv|

KweZvi AjsKvi wPÎKí wPÎKí ej‡Z Ggb me kã ev kã¸‡”Qi eënvi †evSvq, hvi mvnv‡h¨ g‡bi c`©vq ewY©Z e¯‘ ev fv‡ei

GKUv Qwe I‡V| ÔAvgvi c~e© evsjvÕ KweZvi kyiy †_‡K †kl ch©š— cy‡ivUvB M‡o D‡V‡Q bvbv wPÎK‡íi

mgvnv‡i| †hgb KweZvwUi kyiy‡ZB Av‡Q:

Avgvi c~e© evsjv GK¸”Q wmœ»

AÜKv‡ii Zgvj|

GLv‡b ÔGKMy”Q wmœ» AÜKv‡ii ZgvjÕ K_vUv mn‡RB Avgv‡ì g‡bi c`©vq GKwU Qwei Avfvm †`q|

KweZvwU g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i co Ges wPÎKí¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ KweZvwU Kwei D¾¡j Dc¯’vcb ZuviÑ K. †mŠ›`h© I ^‡`k †PZbvq L. cÖK…wZ I gvbe‡cÖ‡g M. gyw³hy× I GKz‡ki †PZbvq N. †`k‡cÖg I gvbeZvq 2. ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? K. A¶ie„Ë L. gvÎve„Ë M. M`¨ N. ¯îe„Ë 3. M`¨Q‡›ì †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨- i. wba©vwiZ ce©msL¨v i¶v Kiv hvq bv ii. mywbw ©ó Zvj wefvRb _v‡K bv iii. †Kvb Q›` ixwZ †g‡b P‡j bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi KweZvskwU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| G mwL, nvgvwi `yt‡Li bvwn Ii G fiv fvì, gvn fvì k~b¨ gw›ì †gvi| 4. KweZvskwUi fv‡ei wgj i‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z? K. Ni Avi we‡`k AvwObv

AvKzjZvi GKvKvi L. KZ `kv weiwnYxi-GK `yB wZb

`kwU M. GLv‡b Î — AvKzjZvq wPiKvj

Awfmvi N. Ny‡gi AjmZvi †PvL eyu‡R Avmvi g‡Zv

kvwš—

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evsjv msKjb 195

5. KweZvskwU‡Z ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ KweZvi Ab¨Zg †Kvb fv‡ei cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?- K. ü`‡qi e¨vKzjZv L. we‡”Q‡ì AbyfywZ M. wgj‡bi AvKzjZv N. kvwš—i A‡š^lv 6. ÔA‡kl Abyfe wb‡q i. evsjvi gyL Avwg †`wLqvwQ, ZvB Avwg c„w_exi iƒc LyuwR‡Z hvB bv Avi; ii. Avwg †h †`wL‡Z PvB; Avwg †h ewm‡Z PvB evsjvi Nv‡m; iii. Rxeb A_ev g„Zz¨ †Pv‡L i'‡eÑAvi GB evsjvi Nvm wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. Avmyb Qwei g‡Zv GB †`‡k †ewo‡q hvb i‡Oi Ggb eënvi, wel‡qi Ggb ZxeªZv Avcwb †Kv‡bv wkíxi Kv‡R cv‡eb bv, e ‘Z wkí gv‡bB bKj bq wK? A_P †`Lyb, GB wekvj Qwei Rb¨ eëüZ me DcKiY AK…wÎg : K. weiwnYxi `kv KqwU? L. ÔcÖMvp wbKzÄÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? M. Ôi‡Oi Ggb eënviÕ AskwU‡Z ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. GB wekvj QweB ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ KweZvi g~jfve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q- we‡k−lY Ki| 2. GLv‡b NyNyi Wv‡K Aciv‡nè kvwš— Av‡m gvby‡li g‡b; GLv‡b myeR kvLv AvuKveuvKv njy` cvwL‡i iv‡L †X‡K Rv‡gi Avov‡j †mB eDK_vKIwU‡i hw` †dj †`‡L GKevi, -GKevi `yÕcni Aciv‡nè hw` GB NyNyi ¸Ä‡b aiv `vI,-Zvn‡j Abš—Kvj _vwK‡Z †h n‡e GB e‡b; †gŠwii MÜgvLv Nv‡mi kix‡i K¬vš— †`nwU‡i †i‡L Avwk¦‡bi †¶ZSiv KwP KwP k¨vgv †cvKv‡ì Kv‡Q †W‡K iÕe Avwg; -P‡Kvixi mv‡_ †hb P‡Kv‡ii gZb wgj‡b; K. ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ ? L. Ôü`q Qzu‡q hvIqv wm³ bxjv¤îxÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. KweZvsk I ÔAvgvi c~e© evsjv' KweZvq kvwš—i Dr†mi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. cÖK…wZi iƒcgqZvq mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI KweZvskwUi mv‡_ ÔAvgvi c~e©evsjvÕ KweZvi e¨w³MZ Abyf‡ei

cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb Ñ gš—e¨wU g~j¨vqb Ki|



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evsjv msKjb 196

AvVv‡iv eQi eqm myKvš— fÆvPvh©

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

myKvš— fÆvPvh© iex› ª-bRiy‡jvËi hy‡Mi we‡ ªvnx ZiyY Kwe, whwb bRiy‡ji g‡ZvB Zuvi Kv‡e¨ D”PviY K‡i †M‡Qb Ab¨vq AwePvi †kvlY-eÂbvi weiy‡× we‡ ªvn I msMÖv‡gi AvnŸvb Ges wec −e I gyw³i c‡¶ msMÖv‡g GKvZ¥Zvi †NvlYv| ˆK‡kv‡i wek¦e¨vcx gnvhy‡×i aŸsm I ZvÊejxjv, ywf©‡¶i Kivj MÖv‡m g„Zz¨ I nvnvKvi †`‡L wZwb GZ Av‡jvwoZ nb †h, mvgvwRK AbvPvi I êl‡gï weiy‡× cÖwZev` Ges wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li R‡b¨ Mfxi ggZv Zuvi KweZvq evYxi~c cvq| ÔQvocÎÕ Zuvi weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Kve¨MÖš’ : ÔNyg †bBÕ, Ôc~e©vfvmÕ Ges Ab¨vb¨ iPbv: Ôwg‡VKovÕ, ÔAwfhvbÕ, ÔniZvjÕ BZ¨vw`| wZwb d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK wkíx ms‡Ni c‡¶ ÔAvKvjÕ bv‡g GKwU evK¨MÖš’ m¤úv`bv K‡ib| myKv‡š—i ˆcZ…K wbevm †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi †KvUvwjcvovq| Zuvi Rb¥ 1926 wLªóv‡ã KjKvZvq| 1947wLªóv‡ã gvÎ GKzk eQi eq‡m cÖwZfvevb G Kwei AKvjg„Zz nq| AvVv‡iv eQi eqm Kx `ytmn ¯úa©vq †bq gv_v †Zvjevi SzuwK, AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mB Anin weivU ytmvn‡miv †`q †h DuwK| AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi bvB fq c`vNv‡Z Pvq fvO‡Z cv_i evav, G eq‡m †KD gv_v †bvqvevi bq- AvVv‡iv eQi eqm Rv‡b bv Kuv`v| G eqm Rv‡b i³`v‡bi cyY¨ ev‡®úi †e‡M w÷gv‡ii g‡Zv P‡j, cÖvY †Ìqv-†bIqv SzwjUv _v‡K bv k~b¨ mu‡c AvZ¥v‡K kc‡_i †Kvjvn‡j| AvVv‡iv eQi eqm fqsKi| ZvRv ZvRv cÖv‡Y Amn¨ hš¿Yv, G eq‡m cÖvY Zxeª Avi cÖLi G eq‡m Kv‡b Av‡m KZ gš¿Yv|

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evsjv msKjb 197

AvVv‡iv eQi eqm †h ye©vi c‡_ cÖvš—‡i †QvUvq eny Zzdvb, y‡h©v‡M nvj wVKg‡Zv ivLv fvi

¶Z-we¶Z nq mnmª cÖvY| AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m AvNvZ Av‡m Awekªvš—; G‡K G‡K nq R‡ov, G eqm Kv‡jv j¶ `xN©k¦v‡m G eqm Kuv‡c †e`bvq _‡iv_‡iv| Zey AvVv‡ivi ï‡bwQ RqaŸwb, G eqm euv‡P y‡h©v‡M Avi S‡o, wec‡ì gy‡L G eqm AMÖYx G eqm Zey bZzb wKQy †Zv K‡i| G eqm †R‡bv fxiy, Kvcyiyl bq c_ Pj‡Z G eqm hvq bv †_‡g G eq‡m ZvB †bB †Kv‡bv mskqÑ G †`‡ki ey‡K AvVv‡iv AvmyK †b‡g| kãv_© I UxKv AvVv‡iv eQi eqm Kx `ytmn - G eqm gvbeRxe‡bi GK DËiYKvjxb ch©vq| ˆK‡kvi †_‡K

†hŠe‡b c`vc©Y K‡i gvbyl G eq‡m| Ab¨‡ì Ici wbf©ikxjZv cwinvi K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q uvov‡bvi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z nq Zv‡K| Gw`K †_‡K Zv‡K GK KwVb mg‡qi ytmn Ae ’vq co‡Z nq|

¯úa©vq †bq gv_v †Zvjevi SuywK - A‡bï Ici wbf©ikxjZv cwinvi K‡i gv_v DuPz K‡i ^vaxbfv‡e Pjvi SzuwK G eq‡mB gvbyl wb‡q _v‡K|

weivU ytmvn‡miv †`q †h DuwK - bvbv `ytmvnmx ^cœ, Kíbv I D‡`¨vM G eq‡mi ZiyY‡ì gb‡K wN‡i a‡i|

AvVv‡iv eQi eqm Rv‡b bv Kuv`v- `ywe©bxZ †hŠe‡b c`vc©Y K‡i e‡j G eq‡m gvbyl AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx nq|

Rxe‡bi gy‡LvgywL uvovq ^vaxbfv‡e| ˆkke-ˆK‡kv‡ii ciwbf©iZvi

w`b¸‡jv‡Z †h Kvbœv wQj G eq‡mi ¯^fve‰ewkó¨ Zv‡K m‡PZbfv‡e

gy‡Q †dj‡Z D‡`¨vMx nq|



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evsjv msKjb 198

G eqm Rv‡b i³`v‡bi cyY¨ - †`k, RvwZ I gvbeZvi Rb¨ hy‡M hy‡M G eq‡mi gvbylB GwM‡q †M‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk| Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q uvwo‡q‡Q mg¯— wec` †gvKv‡ejvq| cÖvY w`‡q‡Q ARvbv‡K Rvbevi Rb¨| †`k I RbM‡Yi gyw³ I Kj¨v‡Yi msMÖv‡g| ZvB G eqm my›ì, ïf I Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ i³g~j¨ w`‡Z Rv‡b|

mu‡c AvZ¥v‡K kc‡_i †Kvjvn‡j - ZviyY¨ ^cœ †`‡L bZzb Rxe‡bi, be be AMÖMwZ mva‡bi| ZvB †mBme ^cœ ev —evq‡b, wbZ¨-bZzb KiYxq m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ be be kc‡_ ejxqvb n‡q †m GwM‡q hvq `„p c`‡¶‡c|

ZvRv ZvRv cÖv‡Y Amn¨ hš¿Yv - Pvicv‡ki Ab¨vq, AZ¨vPvi, †kvlY, cxob, mvgvwRK êlg¨ I †f`v‡f` BZ¨vw` †`‡L cÖvYeš— Zzi‡Yiv ¶z× n‡q I‡V|

G eq‡m cÖvY Zxeª Avi cÖLi - Abyf~wZi ZxeªZv I myMfxi ms‡e`bkxjZv G eq‡mB gvby‡li Rxe‡b we‡kl cÖKU n‡q †`Lv †`q Ges g‡bvRM‡Z Zvi cÖwZwµqvI nq Mfxi|

G eq‡m Kv‡b Av‡m KZ gš¿Yv - fv‡jvg›`, BwZevPK-†bwZevPK bvbv ZË¡, gZev`, fveaviYvi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i GB eq‡mi Ziy‡Yiv|

y‡h©v‡M nvj wVK g‡Zv ivLv fvi - Rxe‡bi GB mwÜ¶‡Y kvixwiK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK bvbv RwUjZv‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| GB mgq m‡PZb I m‡Pófv‡e wb‡R‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j c`öjb n‡Z cv‡i| Rxe‡b wech©q †b‡g Avm‡Z cv‡i|

G eqm Kv‡jv j¶ `xN©k¦v‡m - m‡PZb I m‡Pó n‡q mywbw`©ó j‡¶¨ Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z bv cvivi ARmª e¨_©Zvi `xN©k¦vm G eq‡mi †bwZevPK Kv‡jv Aa¨vq n‡q Av‡Q|

c_ Pj‡Z G eqm hvq bv †_‡g - G eqm †`n I g‡bi ¯’weiZv, wbðjZv, RivRxY©Zv‡K AwZµg K‡i ye©vi MwZ‡Z c_ Pj‡Z| cÖMwZ I AMÖMwZi c‡_ wbiš——i

avegvbZvB G eq‡mi êwkó¨| G †`‡ki ey‡K AvVv‡iv AvmyK †b‡g - AvVv‡iv eQi eqm eny BwZevPK êwkó¨ wPwýZ| Ro wbðj cÖ_ve×

Rxeb‡K †cQ‡b †d‡j bZzb Rxeb iPbvi ¯^cœ, Kj¨vY I †meveªZ, DÏxcbv, mvnwmKZv, Pjvi ye©vi MwZ-GmeB AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi êwkó¨| Kwe cÖv_©bv K‡ib, Gme êwkó¨ †hb RvZxq Rxe‡bi PvwjKvkw³ n‡q uvovq|

Drm I cwiwPwZ myKvš— fÆvPv‡h©i ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvwU 1948 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ Zuvi ÔQvocÎÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| gvÎ GKzk eQi eq‡m g„Zz¨ n‡qwQj myKv‡š—i| aviYv Kiv nq, AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m c`vc©‡Yi Av‡MB wKsev AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m Kwe G KweZvwU iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb|

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evsjv msKjb 199

G KweZvq Kwe wb‡Ri AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K eqtmwÜKv‡ji êwkó¨‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| ˆK‡kvi †_‡K †hŠe‡b c`vc©‡Yi G eqmwU D‡ËRbvi, cÖej Av‡eM I D”Q¡v‡m Rxe‡bi SzuwK †bevi| G eqm A`g¨ `ytmvn‡m mKj evav-wec`‡K †cwi‡q hvIqvi Ges Ab¨v‡qi weiy‡× gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvovevi| G eq‡mi ag©B n‡jv AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi gnvb g‡š¿ D¾xweZ nIqv, AvNvZ-msNv‡Zi g‡a¨ i³kc_ wb‡q Suvwc‡q cov| cvkvcvwk mgvRRxe‡bi bvbv weKvi, Amy ’Zv I me©bv‡ki AwfNv‡Z G eqm Avevi n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i fq¼i| weK…wZ I wech©‡qi ARmª AvNv‡Z ¶Zwe¶Z I wbt‡kwlZ n‡Z cv‡i mnmª cÖvY| wKš‘ A`g¨ G eq‡mi Av‡Q mg — y‡h©vM Avi ywe©cvK †gvKv‡ejv Kivi A`g¨ cÖvYkw³| d‡j ZviyY¨ I †hŠebkw³ `ye©vi †e‡M GwM‡q hvq cÖMwZi c‡_| †hŠe‡bi DÏxcbv, mvnwmKZv, ye©vi MwZ, bZzb Rxeb iPbvi ¯cœ Ges Kj¨vYeªZ-Gme êwk‡óï Rb¨ Kwe cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb bvbv mgm¨vcxwoZ Avgv‡ì †`‡k ZviyY¨ I †hŠebkw³ †hb RvZxq Rxe‡bi PvwjKvkw³ n‡q ùvovq| Q›` ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvwU gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| 6 gvÎvi gvÎve„Ë Q›`| cÖwZ Pi‡Y gvÎvmsL¨v 14 (6 + 6 + 2)| Abykxjbg~jK KvR

KweZvi gg©v_© Dcjw× BwZevPK I †bwZevPK w`K

RM‡Z mg — wKQziB ywU wecixZ w`K i‡q‡Q| †hgb: fvj-g›`, DËi-`w¶Y, nvwm-Kvbœv, Rq-civRq, my›ì-KzrwmZ, Rb¥-g„Zz BZ¨vw`| Avgiv hLb †Kv‡bv wKQz m¤ú‡K© aviYv †cvlY Kwi ZLb Zvi fvj I g›` y‡Uv w`K Avgv‡ì wePvi K‡i †`L‡Z nq| Zviy‡Yï Ggb wKQz êwkó¨ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Avgiv gvbeRxe‡b kyf I g½jRbK e‡j g‡b Kwi| Gme w`K‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi BwZevPK w`K| Avevi Zviy‡Yï Ggb wKQz êwkó¨ Av‡Q hv mgv‡Ri Rb¨ ¶wZ e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i| Gme w`K‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †bwZevPK w`K| ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvq BwZevPK I †bwZevPK `ywU w`K m¤ú‡K© Kwe wb‡Ri aviYv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb wK?

KweZvi ˆkjx cybive„wË

G KweZvq ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ Ges ÔG eq‡mÕ K_vwU bvbvfv‡e G‡m‡Q| KLbI ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ K_vwU G‡m‡Q —e‡Ki kyiy‡Z, KLbI ev ¯—e‡Ki †k‡l, KLbI Zv ¯—e‡Ki Ab¨ Pi‡YI eën„Z n‡q‡Q| cª_g, wØZxq, PZz_©, cÂg, lô —eK j¶ Ki‡j G ai‡bi cybive„wËg~jK eënvi †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡e| †Zgwb ÔG eq‡mÕ K_vwUI wewfbœ —e‡K eën„Z n‡q‡Q| †hgb- KLbI †Kej Pi‡Yi kyiy‡Z:

G eq‡m cÖvY Zxeª Avi cÖLi G eq‡m Kv‡b Av‡m KZ gš¿Yv|



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evsjv msKjb 200

KLbI Pi‡Yi kyiy‡Z, g‡a¨ ev me©Î: G eqm †Rv‡bv fxi“, Kvcyiyl bq c_ Pj‡Z G eqm hvq bv †_‡g, G eq‡m ZvB †bB †Kv‡bv mskq-

e³e¨‡K AwaKZi ¯úó, Av‡eMgq, †Rviv‡jv wKsev we —…Z Kivi Rb¨B KweZvq G ai‡bi cybive„wË Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gi d‡j KweZv AwaKZi Ave„wË‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V|

fvlv Abykxjb mwÜ‡Z wemM© ’‡j †id ( © ) `yt-Dcm‡M©i ci ÔmÕ _vK‡j mwÜe× k‡ã wemM© eRvq _v‡K| wKš‘ ÔeÕ ev ÔhÕ _vK‡j wem‡M©i e`‡j †id

nq|

yt + mn = ytmn

yt + mvnm = ytmvnm

G iKg: ytmsev`, ytmgq, ytmva¨ BZ¨vw`|

`yt + evi = `ye©vi

yt + †hvM = y‡h©vM

G iKg: ywe©bxZ, ywe©ln, ye© envi BZ¨vw`|

ey rcwË wb‡ ©k eQi < ermi gv_v < g —K mucv < mgc©Y So < SÅv byZb < b~Zb evbvb mZK©Zv ¯úa©v, w÷gvi, AvZ¥v, fqsKi, Zxeª, gš¿Yv, ¶Z-we¶Z, `xN©k¦vm, RqaŸwb, AMÖYx, fxiy, mskq| D”PviY mZK©Zv ytmn ( yk&k‡nv), eQi (e‡Qvi&)

ytmvnm ( yk&kv‡nvm&), eqm (e‡qvk&)

k~b¨ (kyb&‡bv), ¶Z-we¶Z (L‡ZvweK&L‡Zv)

kc_ (k‡cv_&), j¶ ( †jvK&‡Lv)

Amn¨ (A‡kvR&‡Sv), RqaŸwb (R‡qv`&‡avwb)

Zxeª (wZe&‡eªv), mskq (kO&kq&)

cÖLi (†cÖvLi&)|

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evsjv msKjb 201

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m Kx †bB? K. gš¿Yv L. Kvbœv M. hš¿Yv N. c`öjb 2. ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q- K. ïf I Aï‡fi Ø›Ø L. mg‡qi cÖwZ”Qwe M. †kvlY-eÂbvq we‡ ªvn N. Zvi“‡Yï AwgZ m¤¢vebv 3. wb‡Pi †Kvb kã¸”Q cÖZ¨qx AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi aviK? K. Kíbv, ciwbf©ikxjZv I D‡`¨vM L. `ywe©bxZ, ejxqvb I ms‡e`bkxjZv M. `xN©k¦vm, mvnwmKZv I D¾xeb N. c`öjb, ytmvnmx ¯cœ I cÖvYevb 4. KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg we‡ ªvnx Kwe| myKvš— fÆvPvh© wK‡kvi Kwe| Df‡qi g‡a¨ wgjwU Zuv‡ì- i. Kve¨v`‡k© ii. †kªYx‡PZbvq iii. cÖwZfvi e¨vwß‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii KweZvi Ask `yÕwU co Ges 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| hvnv‡ì Pjv †j‡M

Dévi gZ Nywi‡Q aiYx k~‡b¨ AwgZ †e‡M|

*************************

hviv Rxe‡bi cmiv ewnqv g„Zz i Øv‡i Øv‡i

Kwi‡Z‡Q wdwi, fxg iYf~‡g cÖvY evwR †i‡L nv‡i|

5. KweZvi Ask yÕwUi Dwj−wLZ fvewU wb‡Pi †Kvb cOw³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?

K. G eq‡m cÖvY Zxeª Avi cÖLi

G eq‡m Kv‡b Av‡m KZ gš¿Yv

L. G eqm Kv‡jv j¶ `xN©k¦v‡m

G eqm Kuv‡c †e`bvq _‡iv_‡iv|

M. G eqm †h‡bv fxi“, Kvcyi“l bq

c_ j‡Z G eqm hvq bv †_‡g

N. AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m AvNvZ Av‡m

Awekªvš—, G‡K G‡K nq R‡ov|



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evsjv msKjb 202

6. KweZvs‡k AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi †Kvb fve cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q ?

K. AÜKv‡ii nvZQvwb L. e¨_©Zvi Kó

M. mvnmx MwZkxj N. AvNv‡Z RR©wiZ

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi †bB fq c`vNv‡Z Pvq fvO‡Z cv_i evav G eq‡m †KD gv_v †bvqvevi bq AvVv‡iv eQi eqm Rv‡b bv Kuv`v ******************* IB †h, cÖexY, IB †h cig cvKv P¶z KY© yBwU Wvbvq XvKv wSgvq †hb wPÎc‡U AvuKv AÜKv‡i eÜ Kiv LuvPvq| K. ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` iwPZ? L. AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡mi Rxeb‡eva‡K Kwe †Kb ZxeªZv I cÖLiZvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb? M. KweZvsk ywU‡Z Kx êcixZ¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. mgv‡Ri `yie ’v jvN‡e wØZxq KweZvskwU KZUzKz mnvqK e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvi

Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 2. `yRb g‡bvweÁvbxi gZev` : wmMgÛ d«‡qW : 16-18 eQi eq‡m †Q‡j‡g‡qiv mgwj½xq †cÖ‡gi Avmw³‡Z †fv‡M| ¯^xq †mŠ›`h© I †cvkvK

cwi”Q` m¤ú‡K© AZ¨waK m‡PZb n‡q I‡V G eq‡mB (mvB‡Kv-GbvjvBwUK ZË¡)| GwiK-GwiKmb : 13 †_‡K 19 eQi eq‡mi —iwU bv wkï bv hyeK| G eq‡m ¯xq wPš—vi †P‡q mgvR wPš—vB cÖej n‡q

I‡V| mgv‡Ri DbœwZi Rb¨ cÖwZev`xI n‡q I‡V G eqmxivB| Avevi mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wei“×vPviY K‡i G eq‡mB (mvB‡Kv-†mvm¨vj ZË¡)|

K. ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q? L. Kwe AvVv‡iv eQi eqm‡K `ytmn e‡j‡Qb †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. ÔAvVv‡iv eQi eqmÕ KweZvq Kwei g‡bvfv‡ei mv‡_ wmMgÛ d«‡q‡Wi e³‡eï êcwiZ¨wU e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Kwei „wófw½ †hb GwiK-GwiKm‡bi e³‡eï cÖwZdjb-we‡k −lY Ki|

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evsjv msKjb 203

GKwU d‡UvMÖvd kvgmyi ivngvb

Kwe-cwiwPwZ

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb Kwe kvgmyi ivngv‡bi KweZv †`k‡cÖg I mvgvwRK m‡PZbvq m‡ZR I `xß| bvMwiK Rxeb, gyw³hy× I MY-Av‡›`vjb Zuvi KweZvq i~cvwqZ n‡q‡Q wewPÎ ms‡e`bkxjZvq| Kg©Rxe‡b kvgmyi ivngvb wQ‡jb mvsevw`K| wewfbœ mg‡q wZwb Ôgwb©s wbDRÕ, Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕ BZ¨vw`‡Z mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| cÖvq GK `kK a‡i wZwb wQ‡jb Ô ˆ`wbK evsjvÕi m¤úv`K| G ch©š— Zuvi Pwj −kwUiI †ewk Kve¨MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| KweZv Abyev‡Ì wZwb wm×n —| †QvU‡ì Rb¨ KweZv I Qov iPbv‡ZI Zuvi mvdj¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨| GQvov wZwb Dcb¨vm, cÖeÜ, ¯§„wZK_vI wj‡L‡Qb| Kwei D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ ‡jv n‡”Q: ÔGK †duvUv †Kgb AbjÕ, ÔcÖ_g Mvb, wØZxq g„Zz i Av‡MÕ, Ô†iŠ ª K‡ivwU‡ZÕ, ÔweaŸ¯— bxwjgvÕ, ÔwbR evmf~‡gÕ, Ôe›`x wkweiÕ, Ô ytmg‡qi gy‡LvgywLÕ, Ôwdwi‡q bvI NvZK KuvUvÕ, Ôevsjv‡`k ¯cœ †`‡LÕ, ÔD™¢U D‡Ui wc‡V P‡j‡Q ^‡`kÕ, ÔeyK Zvi evsjv‡`‡ki n„ qÕ, Ôkvgmyi ivngv‡bi †kªô KweZvÕ, BZ¨vw`| kvgmyi ivngv‡bi ˆcZ…K wbevm biwms`xi cvovZjx MÖv‡g| Zuvi Rb¥ XvKvq 1929 wLªóv‡ã| wZwb g„Zz eiY K‡ib 17 AvMó 2006 wLªóv‡ã| ÔGB †h Avmyb, Zvici Kx Lei?

Av‡Qb †Zv fv‡jv? †Q‡j‡g‡q?Õ wKQy Avjv‡ci ci

†`wL‡q m‡d` †`qv‡ji kvš— d‡UvMÖvdwU‡K

ejjvg wRÁvmy AwZw_‡KÑ

ÔG Avgvi †QvU †Q‡j, †h †bB GLb,

cv_‡ii UzK‡ivi gZb

Wy‡e †M‡Q, Avgv‡ì MÖv‡gi cyKz‡i

eQi-wZ‡bK Av‡M KvK-WvKv MÖx‡®§i ycy‡i|Õ

Kx mn‡R n‡q †Mj ejv,

Kuvc‡jv bv Mjv

GZUzKz, eyK wP‡i †eiy‡jv bv `xN©k¦vm, †PvL QjQj

Ki‡jv bv Ges wb‡Ri KÉ î ky‡b

wb‡RB Pg‡K DwV, Kx wb¯ú„n, †Kgb kxZj|



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evsjv msKjb 204

wZbwU eQi gvÎ wZbwU eQi

KZ DY©vRvj ey‡b

†K‡U‡Q, A_P GiB g‡a¨ evRLuvB

†KD †hb Avgvi †kv‡Ki b`xwU‡K KZ `yªZ i“¶ Pi

K‡i w`‡jv| AwZw_ we`vq wb‡j Avevi `vuovB

G‡m d‡UvMÖvdwUi gy‡LvgywL cÖkœvKzj †Pv‡L,

¶xqgvY †kv‡K| †d«‡gi †fZi †_‡K Avgvi mš—vb

†P‡q _v‡K wb®újK, Zvi †Pv‡L †bB ivM wKsev Awfgvb|

kãv_© I UxKv

m‡d` - mv`v|

d‡UªvMÖvd - Av‡jvKwPÎ|

wRÁvmy - Rvb‡Z Pvq Ggb, †KŠZ‚njx|

wb¯ú„n - Abvm³|

wZbwU eQi gvÎ wZbwU eQi - cy‡Îi g„Zzï ci AwZµvš— wZbwU eQ‡ii ¯§„wZi †e`bvgq AvwZ©

GLv‡b Av‡eMgq n‡q D‡V‡Q|

DY©vRvj - gvKovmvi my‡Zvq ˆZwi Rvj| GLv‡b cyÄxfyZ ¯§„wZ A‡_©|

KZ EY©vRvj ey‡b †K‡U‡Q - ARm¨ ¯§„wZ gš’b K‡i Kvj KvwU‡q‡Qb|

evRLuvB - D”P I KK©k| MvqK evR Luv ev evR evnv`y‡ii K‡Éi Abyi~c|

GLv‡b iy¶KwVb A‡_© eën„Z|

†kv‡Ki b`xwU‡K KZ

`ªyZ iy¶ Pi K‡i w`j - G wPÎKí eën„Z n‡q‡Q †kv‡Ki Aemvb nIqv †evSv‡Z|

cÖkœvKzj †Pv‡L - KvZi I Aaxi wRÁvmvi `„wó‡Z|

¶xqgvb - n«vm cv‡”Q Ggb, ¶wqòz|

†d«‡gi †fZi - †h mš—vb wQj mRxe I cÖvYeš—, †m †bB| Aš—‡i Zvi ¯§„wZ

¶xqgvY| Kv‡Vi †d«‡g euvav‡bv QwewUI Zvi Aw¯—‡Z¡i ¯§„wZ|

wb®újK - cjKnxb, †Pv‡Li cvZv bv †d‡j|

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evsjv msKjb 205

Drm I cwiwPwZ kvgmyi ivngv‡bi ÔGKwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvwU †bIqv n‡q‡Q Zuvi ÔGK †duvUv †Kgb AbjÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K|

G KweZvq gvby‡li n„ qe„wË‡K Abyfe Kiv n‡q‡Q mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U|

GK`v cyÎ‡kv‡K KvZi wcZv wZb eQi ci nVvr Abyfe Ki‡jb N‡ii mv`v †Ìqv‡j †Svjv‡bv g„Z cy‡Îi

d‡UªvMÖvdwU †`wL‡q wbiv‡eM wbivm³ K‡É Aejxjvq wZwb AwZw_ eÜz‡K e‡j †h‡Z cvi‡jb cy‡Îi g„Zz i

NUbvwU, wKš‘ wb¯ú„n kxZj K‡É msev‡ì gZ K‡i K_vwU ejvi ciB Zuvi eyK Avevi †gvPo w`‡q I‡V|

wZwb AevK nb Kxfv‡e gvÎ wZbwU eQ‡ii eëav‡b Zvi n„ ‡qi †kv‡Ki I †e`bvi b`x ïwK‡q †h‡Z

cvij|

Kxfv‡e cyÎ‡kvK fy‡j †h‡Z cvi‡jb- GB †e`bvgq wRÁvmv wb‡q †Ìqv‡j †Svjv‡bv d‡UvMÖvdwUi w`‡K

ZvKvb wZwb| wKš‘ †Ìqv‡j cy‡Îi Qwe‡Z †Kej wbiwfgvb wb®újK `„wó|

†h wcªqRb GK`v wQj mRxe I cÖvYeš—, g„Zz ‡Z Zvi Rxeš— Aw —Z¡ nvwi‡q hvq| †`qv‡ji Qwe‡Z _v‡K

Zvi wbiv‡eM Aw —Z¡| wKš‘ Zvi mRxe ¯§„wZ _v‡K Aš—i Ry‡o| Kv‡ji wbôziZv wcÖqR‡bi †kvKgq ¯§„wZ

g‡b †_‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z Pvq, wKš‘ ms‡e`bkxj gb †_‡K Zv wKQz‡ZB gy‡Q †Ìqv hvq bv|

Q›` KweZvwU gy³K A¶ie„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| PiY 8, 10 I 6 gvÎvi| ce© web¨v‡m êwPÎ¨ Av‡Q| me©Î PiYvwš—K

wgj iw¶Z nqwb| Q‡›ì cÖevngvbZvI j¶Yxq| Abykxjbg~jK KvR KweZv Dcjwä

1. cÖ_g ¯—eK msjvcag©x Ges K‡_vcK_‡b cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Z_¨|

2. wØZxq ¯—e‡K AvZ¥wRÁvmvi m~‡Î wcZ…n„`‡qi nvnvKvi aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| wcZv hwÌ Abyfe Ki‡Qb

†kvK ¶xqgvb Ges AvcvZZ G †kvK fy‡j _vKv hvq e‡j g‡b nq, wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶ G †kvK †fvjv

hvq bv|

3. †kl ¯—e‡K †d«‡g euvav cy‡Îi Qwei wbwe©KviZ¡ wbôzi I KwVb ev¯—e‡K AveviI ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡”Q

mRxe cÖvYeš— cyÎ †h wQj †m Avi †bB| wKš‘ G ev¯—eZvi KvwV‡bï wecix‡Z Kwei Aš—‡ii

nvnvKvi †hb AviI i³v³ n‡q D‡V‡Q|

Dcgv 1. cv_‡ii UKz‡ivi gZb

Wy‡e †M‡Q



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evsjv msKjb 206

wPÎKí

1. cv_‡ii UzK‡ivi gZb

Wy‡e †M‡Q Avgv‡ì MÖv‡gi cyKz‡i|

2. KZ EY©vRvj ey‡b

†K‡U‡Q|

3. GiB g‡a¨ evRLuvB

†KD †hb Avgvi †kv‡Ki b`xwU‡K KZ `ªyZ iy¶ Pi K‡i w`‡jv|

4. †d«‡gi †fZi †_‡K Avgvi mš—vb

†P‡q _v‡K wb®újK,

fvlv Abykxjb we‡klYevPK-ÔKxÕ

Kx-kãwUi GKwU j¶Yxq w`K n‡”Q we‡klY wn‡m‡e Gi eënvi|

†hgb: ÔGwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvq:

1. GB †h Avmyb, Zvici Kx Lei?

2. wb‡RB Pg‡K DwV, Kx wb¯ú„n, †Kgb kxZj|

ÔKxÕ we‡kl‡Yi we‡klY wKsev wµqvwe‡kl‡Yi we‡klY wn‡m‡eI eën„Z n‡q _v‡K| †hgb, GKB

KweZvq : Kx mn‡R n‡q †Mj ejv| we‡klY kã :

m‡d` †`qvj

kvš— d‡UªvMÖvd

wRÁvmy AwZw_

†QvU †Q‡j

wb¯ú„n KÉ¯i

wZbwU eQi

iy¶ Pi

cÖkœvKzj †PvL

¶xqgvY †kvK

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evsjv msKjb 207

we‡klY m¤Ü : cv_‡ii UzK‡iv

Avgv‡ì MÖv‡gi cyKzi

MÖx‡®§i ycyi

†kv‡Ki b`x

Avgvi mš—vb

wµqv we‡klY : mn‡R n‡q †Mj ejv|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. d‡UvMÖvdwU m¤ú‡K© †K Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv? K. cÖwZ‡ewk L. AwZw_ M. AvZ¥xq N. evwoIqvjv 2. DY©vRvj ej‡Z KweZvq Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K. cyÄxf~Z ¯§„wZ L. Doš— Rvj M. gvKomvi Rvj N. `ytL-KvZiZv 3. ÔGKwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvi cÖ_g —eKwU- i. eY©bvag©x ii. msjvcag©x iii. wPÎagx© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii KweZvskwU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡k¦i DËi `vI|

ÒG †hb mfvq e‡m i¶tKzjcwZ,

evK¨nxb cyÎ †kv‡K! Si Si S‡i

Aweij AkÖ“aviv-wZwZiv em‡b,

h_v Zi“, Zx¶è ki mim kix‡i

evwR‡j Kuv‡` bxi‡e|Ó 4. i¶ : KzjcwZ GKwU d‡UvMÖvd KweZvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa? K. AwZw_ L. g„ZcyÎ M. wcZv N. evR Luv

5. ÔcyÎ †kv‡K evK¨nxbÕ Ges Ô¶xqgvY †kvKÕ-cyÎnviv `yB wcZvi wfbœ Ae ’vi KviY Kx?

K. eq‡mi cv_©K¨ L. mg‡qi eëavb

M. †ckvMZ wfbœZv N. †fŠ‡MvwjK `~iZ¡



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evsjv msKjb 208

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. wPwVUv Zvi c‡K‡U wQ‡jv †Quov Avi i‡³ †fRv| ************** gv c‡o Avi nv‡m, Ò†Zvi Ici ivM Ki‡Z cvwi|Ó bvi‡K‡ji wP‡o †Kv‡U, DowK av‡bi gyowK fv‡R GUv-‡mUv Av‡iv KZ Kx| Zvi †LvKv †h evwo wdi‡e| K¬vš— †LvKv| K. ÔGKwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvwU Kvi †jLv? L. KweZvq ÔevRLuvBÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? M. Aby‡”Q‡ì wPwV Ges ÔGKwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvi d‡UvMÖv‡di mvhyR¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. cÖZx¶viZ gv Ges cyÎnviv wcZvi Abyf~wZi Zzjbv Ki| 2. GKwU `wjj LyuR‡Z wM‡q AvRg mv‡n‡ei †Pv‡L c‡o RxY©-gwjb mvwU©wd‡KUwU| ZuviB †Q‡j gyKz‡ji

GmGmwm cv‡ki mb`; †h gviv †M‡Q moK yN©Ubvq eQi cuv‡PK Av‡M| ZLb mevB †f‡ewQ‡jv GZ Av`‡ii cyÎ nvivevi †kvK mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv AvRg mv‡ne| wKš‘ mg‡qi nvZ a‡i ¯§„wZi Rvbvjv †_‡K ~‡i m‡i †M‡Q gyKz‡ji gyL| g„Z cy‡Îi mvwU©wd‡KUwU A‡K‡Rv we‡ePbvq gyP‡o †d‡j †`b AvRg mv‡ne|

K. ÔGKwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Q‡›` †jLv? L. ÔGKwU d‡UvMÖvdÕ KweZvq cy‡Îi g„Zzï †cÖ¶vcUwU eY©bv Ki| M. AvRg mv‡ne Ges GKwU d‡UvMÖvd KweZvq cyÎnviv wcZvi gv‡S Kx êcixZ¨ j¶ Kiv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ômg‡qi nvZ a‡i ¯§„wZi Rvbvjv †_‡K ~‡i m‡i †M‡Q gyKz‡ji gyLÕ AvRg mv‡n‡ei GB Abyf~wZi Av‡jv‡K

KweZvwUi fvee ‘ we‡k−lY Ki|

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