BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy1 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN ngthien.unetimoet.edu.vn LI MO DAU Tu xa xua loai nguoi d bit san xut ra ruou etylic lam d ung. Ngay nay ngh lam ruou-cn dang phat trin va chim ty l kha lon trong cac nganh kinh t quc dn.Trongtintrinhhinhpvaphattrin,nganhcngnghipVitNam dangtaoranhungbuocngotmoilamthaydibmtnnhinht.Cng nghipnoichungvacngnghipsanxutthucphmnoiringdangtung buoc di moi v cng ngh d tao ra nhung sn phm co cht luong tt nht, dap ung ti da nhu cu thi hiu. Mttrongnhungnganhcngnghipdangphattrin,donggopvao ngn sach nha nuoc mt khoan khng nho la nganh san xut cac san phm ln men. Trong s do phai k dn nganh cng nghip san xut ruou cn. Nganh cng nghip san xut ruou cn hin nay ngoai cng dung lam d ung, ruou-cn etylic con co kha nng lam nguyn liu cho mt s nganh kinh tquantrong:lamdungmihuuco,nhinliu,dungtrongyt,trongm phmphanuochoa,trongduocphmdtrichlycachoatchtsinhhoc,san xutaxitaxeticvagimn,sanxutcacloaiestecomuithom,trongcaosu tnghopvanhiuhopchtkhac..v..v..Dcbitvoikhanngdunglam nguynliu(chtdt)cuacntuytdihuahenchomtnghanhsanxut nhin liu voi nguyn liu tai sinh - mt vin canh sang sua va rng lon. Mai dy cac mo du va khi dt trong long dt can kit thi cn tuyt di co l la mt loainhinliu thichhopvanguynliud sanxut cn col khng baogio ht. hin nay nhiu hng t d thu nghim thanh cng cac mu dng co chay bng cn hoac bng hn hop cn xng. Trong tuong lai khng xa se co nhung tvoinhungdngcoloainaychaytrnduong.cungtahyvongchoxem! Con di voi nganh cng ngh sinh hoc noi chung va nganh cng ngh ln men BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy2 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN s c gng san xut ra cac loai cn thich hop va gia re co th canh tranh duoc voixngduvakhidt.Chinhvivylamtsinhvinkhoathucphmvic nghin cuu va tim hiu v nganh cng nghip san xut ruou cn, v quy trinh san xut ruou cn la mt nhim vu cn thit. Trong dot thuc tp 5 vua qua voi ni dung ' K thut san xut cac san phmlnmenemduocditimhiuthuctvalamnhungnguoicngnhn truc tip san xut ra ruou cn tai nha may ruou hoa qua Trung Kin. Duoi su huong dn tntinh cua c NguynThiHinvaAnh Tunguoi tructip quan ly em d hiu thm rt nhiu v qua trinh san xut ruou cn. Duoidylabaibaocaocuaemsauquatimhiutainhamay.Vidot thuc tp chua dai kin thuc co han nn chc chn bai bao cao con nhiu thiu sot mong duoc c cung cac ban gop y thm. SVTH: Trn Thi Thuy Lop : thuc phm 16 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy3 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN MJC LJC Tiu dTrangLi mo du1 Muc luc3 Phn I: So luc v san xut ruu cn4 Phn II: Ni dung bo co thc tp14 Chuong.I: 1m hiu v nh my v Q1 san xut cua nh my14 A. Tim hiu v cng ty14 B. Quy trinh cng ngh va thuyt minh quy trinh15 Chuong II: K thut ch bin dch ln men22 I. Qua trinh chun bi va phi trn nguyn liu22 II. Cng doan nu va duong hoa nguyn liu25 III.Su bin di hoa sinh va cac yu t anh huong toi qua trinh.29 IV.Chi tiu cht luong va phuong phap kim tra.41 V. Cac dim kim soat trong dim.42 VI. Cac su c thuong gp va phuong phap khc phuc42 Chuong III. 1m hiu ky thut ln men44 I. Co so ly thuyt cua qua trinh ln men ruou.44 II. Nm men su dung trong qua trinh ln men cua nha may45 III. Quy trinh ln men cua nha may.46 IV. Su bin di hoa sinh trong qua trinh ln men.47 V. Cac yu t anh huong toi qua trinh ln men.52 VI. Cac chi tiu cht luong va phuong phap kim tra cht luong. 55 VII. Cac dim kim soat trong dim57 VIII. Su c thuong gp va phuong phap khc phuc.57 Chuong IJ. 1m hiu qu trnh hon thin san phm.58 I. Loc dich sau ln men.58 II. Chung ct tinh ch cn.61 III. Cac yu t anh huong toi qua trinh loc va chung ct.65 IV. Cac chi tiu cht luong va phuong phap kim tra cht luong san phm. 65 V. Cac dim kim soat trong dim.66 VI. Cac su c thuong gp va phuong phap khac phuc.67 PHn III. Tng Kt 68 Kt lun chung72 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy4 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN PHAN I: SO LUC VESAN XUT RUU CON CHUONG I.$ LUC J PHA1 $IAH, PHA1 1RIEA CA RUU AUC 1A nuoc ta ngh nu ruou thu cng d co tu ngan xua va chua co tai liu naochobitdimkhoidu.Theokinhnghimctruyn,nghnuruouthu cng duoc thuc hin nhu sau: Gaotehocnpduocnuchinthanhcom,dranongsach,dngui tipdotrnmengingdginhovoisluongtu1,5dn2,5sovoigao (thuong1nmmencho1kggao).Saukhitrndu,comduocduararra sach, lotla chui, dy kin bngla phia trn ri phuvai sachhoc bao tai, dt vaochthoangmatkhitroinonghocchmvaomuadng.Sau2dn3 ngay ta nhn duoc com u co mui thom d chiu, n ngon, co vi thom va mm. Tip do cho com u vao chum hoc vai sach ri thm nuoc voi s luong 2 dn 3lit cho 1kggao demnu (ttnhtlann dungnuoc dun si dngui toi30oC), khuydnva de cholnmen 2,5 dn 3ngaynua. Numen tt thi dashatgaonuvngiunguyndangbngoainhungnilntrnbmt chum vai. Dich ln men nay thuong duoc goi la 'com hem. D com hem vao ni,dyvungtratkin,chidmtlhothnvoihlamlanh ridunchotoi si, hoi bay ra ngung tu lai ta s thu duoc ruou. Chtluongruouthuduocphuthucrtnhiuyutnhunguynliu gaonphayte,comnukhhocnho,mentthayxu,nhitduvaln men,cngnhucachtinhanhchungctlysanphm.Quantrongnhtla menging nguynliuva cachlammen ging da dang. Minoimivung dcocacbaithuclammengingkhcasnhau.Dngbaodntccondung cac loai la rung d dua vao men ging. Tt ca du lam theo kinh nghim 'cha truyn con ni. Nuthuchindungtheophuongphapctruynthiruoulamraphai noi la rt ngon, vi dm va m diu, say ma khng cam thy xc hoc dau du. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy5 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Nhiu khach nuoc ngoai rt thich ung 'ruou nut la chui kh cua Vit Nam. Ruouctruynnuduocdutuvanghincuunghimtucstrothanhsan phm dc thu cua Vit Nam, thua kha nng xp ngang hang voi cac loai ruou cua th gioi nhu Martin, Whisky, Brandy, Mao Dai, Sake, Vodka .v.v. Conhiunguoisanhruouhoichungti:Taisaoruouctruynhay 'cucluichuanhiueste,aldehyt,toi500mg/litnhungkhiunglaimdiu va ngon hon ruou quc doanh san xut theo phuong phap tin tin. D hiu rvn d nay chung ta phai chuy hai khia canh:Thu nht, tai saoruousanxutdungtheophuongphapctruynlaiungngon.Cuhoi naychuacodapanrrangtronghintainhungtheohiubitcuaminh chung ti dua ra suy doan nhu sau: Thu nht la ruou c truyn khi u va ln men co dua nhiu vi thuc bc. Mivithucduchuanhiuchtkhacnhau,dnnaynghanhdngycng chua xac dinh duoc ht cac cht chua trong cac vi thuc bc do. Thu hai la cac cht do cac vi thuc bc dua vao tuy chi voi s luong it nhung da s co mui thom; giua cac cht do co phan ung voi nhau ra sao ? tao thm cht moi gi nua ? cho toi nay chua ai bit r. Thu ba la cac vi thuc bc phn lon co kha nng khang khun chung co thamgiavaoquatrinhdiukhintaorachtnay,hanchtaorachtkhac trongquatrinhlnmenhaykhng?EstequydinhtrongTCVN-71laeste eytlic (axetat etyl), con aldehyt ta cng qui theo aldehyt axetic. Bit du trong ruouthucngngoaiestevaaldehytktrncontaoranhungestevaaldehyt thom khac. Trndychilaphongdoantheosuynghichuquan,munhiurva chinh xac cn phai co thoi gian va phuong tin d nghin cuu su tung yu t ritnghoplai.Noikhacdicnphaidutunghincuusuhontungkhia canh cua san xut ruou c truyn. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy6 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Taisaoruouqucdoanhungchuangon?Dtraloicuhoinay chung ta cn chu y hai khia canh: Thunht,muncoruoungontruochtphaicocnchtluongcao, cng nhu mun co mon n ngon ta phai co ca thit ngon va tuoi sng theo kem theo rau va cac gia vi cn thit. CncuacacnhamaycuatalamranoichungchuadatTCVN71, nhung ban thn TCVN71 v cn ruou cng thuc loai thp so voi cac nuoc tin tin trn thgioi. Hin tai trnlnh th Vit Nam chi co ba co so lam ra duoccnloaiIthoamnTCVN71.DolaCngtyRuouBiaDngXun PhuTho,HaNivaBinhTy.TyldatloaiIcngconchuanhiu,ring Ruou Dng Xun dat 7080. Ngoai ba co so trn, cac co so san xut con lai chi lam ra duoc cn loai II hoc thp hon va hu ht la cn tu ri duong. Mun co cn tinh khit, cht luong cao cn phai co h thng chung luyn tt ve bit su dung no. Mt khac nn co thm cn san xut tu gao, ng va sn. Cn tt moi chi la diu kin cn d pha duoc ruou ngon. Tuong tu nhu nun,cocathitngontuoirinhungnguoidubptithimonnlamra cngchilanduocmathi.Vivyruoungoncngcnnhungnguoihiu bit v phuong phap va cng thuc pha ch. Tu truoc toi nay nhiu nguoi quan nim ruou chi la cn pha thm nuoc. V dai th la nhu vy nhung thuc ra khng hoan toan nhu th. Truoc ht nuoc dem pha ruou phai la nuoc sach duoc xu ly d dat cac chi tiu ly hoa va sinh hocnhtdinh,nhungquantronghoncalamuncoruoungonthiphaib sungcacchtdiuhuongviphuhopvoitungloairuou.Chtdiuhuongvi do la cac cht gi, liu luong bao nhiu cho 1 lit; cht gi cho truoc cht gi sau. Tt ca du la nhung bi quyt ring cn phai tu tim hiu moi co duoc , lam thu varutkinhnghimdn.Vitrongthuctchngcocososanxutnaolaitu dem bi quyt cua minh di ph bin. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy7 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN nuoctatruocdyvahinnaycomtsloairuoutuongdingon, duoc nguoi tiu dung trong va ngoai nuoc ua chung nhu 'Lua Moi cua Ha Ni,ruouNangHuongcuaBinhTyvaHoangDcuaThanhBaPhuTho (Cng ty Ruou Bia Dng Xun). Cac loai ruou k trn cht luong khng thua kemmt s loai ruoumanhngoai nhp nhung do tmly thich dung d ngoai maconguoivnxemthuongruoucuata.Mongrngkhachhangbinhtinh ung va suy ngm d co thai d khach quan hon di voi ruou cua ta lam ra. San xut cn ruou theo kiu cng nghip o nuoc ta moi chi bt du nm 1898donguoiPhapthitkvaxydung.TruoccachmangThangTamo nuoc ta co cac nha may ruou Ha Ni, Hai Duong, Nam Dinh, Binh Ty, Cho QuanvaCaiRng.Ttcadusanxuttung,gaovatheophuongphap amilo. Theosliuchuadydu,cacnhamayruouphiaBchangnmsan xut ra mt s luong cn kha lon; co th xem cu th trong bang sau: Bang 1-1: San lung ruu cn truc Cnh mng Thng Tm Nm Cng sut cn o nha may. 106 lit Nam DinhHai DuongHa NiTng cng 19397.3247.944-15.170 19407.0647.083-17.267 19416.8857.017-18.425 19427.7838.814-21.868 19435.7745.1252.68013.579 19440.8503.3860.3264.162 Saungayhoabinhlplai(1955),cacnhamaykhngconthitbi nguyn ven nn chinh phu tp trung cai tao, sua chua thanh nha may ruou Ha Ni voi nng sut 6 triu lit nm. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy8 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Dnnm1960,chungtacothmhainhamaycnturiduonglaVit Tri Phu Tho va Sng Lam Ngh An. Nng sut mi nha may la 1 triu lit cn qui 100o/nm. Trong nhung nm chng M cuu nuoc, cac tinh va dia phuong xy dung thm hang loat nha may ruou c 1 triu lit/nm nhu Luc NganHa Bc, Hung NhnThai Binh va Tam Hip Phuc Tho Ha Ty. Ngoai ra o hu htcactinhducoxydungphnxuongcncnho100.000lit/nmnhu Quang Binh, Sng Con Ngh An. Ba Thuoc va Ham Rng Thanh Hoa, Khanh Cu NinhBinh, VinhTru Nam Dinh. Truongvua hoc vua lamHoa Binh,Hai Phong,HaGiangvaThanhBaPhuTho.Tngnngsutcuattcacacnha may lon nho vao khoang 15 triu lit nm. Sau 1975, chung ta tip quan va xy dung thm cac nha may ri duong nhu Lam Son Thanh Hoa, ruou Quang Ngi, ruouBinhDuong.BinhTyvamtscosotunhnkhac.Nucngttca caccososanxutcnruoucuanuoctaothoidim19801985thihang nmtacothsanxuttrn30triulitcn.Cothnoi,thoigiannayluong cn trong ca nuoc dat cao nht, vua xut khu vua tiu dung trong nuoc. Vaonhungnm19861987,dodimoicochquanly,nhiuxi nghiplamnthual,sanxutlamratiuthuchmnnhangloatphn xuongnhamaydembanthitbamachuyuladngdthanhtoannonn, nhiu co so san xut cn ruou bi xoa s. Luc nay cac co so san xut cn ruou do quc doanh quan ly con rt it.cac tinh phia Bc con cn ruou Thanh Ba, VitTri,HaNi,VinhTru,LamSon,SngLamvaSngConNghAn. cac tinh phia Nam co Quang Ngi, Hu, Binh Ty, Binh Duong vamt s co so nho cua tu nhn hoc hop tac x. Hai nha may lon nht la Binh Ty va Ha Ni chi sanxut cm chung,vi khng con thitruong tiu thunhu truocdy. Thi truong trongnuoc cng bithuhepvi ruou quc doanh khng canh tranh ni voi ruou thu cng. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy9 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Tinhhinhtrndtracuhoi:NganhsanxutcnruouVitNamnn phattrintheophuonghuongnao?Tronghithao'Duanchinluocphat trinkhoahoccngnghnghanhruoubianuocgiaikhat,theodnghicua cacchuyngiadnnm2005nuoctanncokhoang180dn200triulit ruou cac loai, tuong duong khoang 50 triu lit cn tinh khit. Trong do cn tu nguynliutinhbtchim3040,sconlailacnturiduong.Cntinh bttruocmtdonhamayruouBinhTy,HaNivaThanhBadamnhim nhungcnhoanchinhcngnghvathitbidcothsudunghtnngsut thit k. Dng thoi xy dung thm mt s nha may ruou ri duong o noi co mt ri. Nu khng lam s dn dn lng phi luong ri do cac nha may duong thai ra. Cnlamrassudungrasao?Theochungtatruocmtcnduavao lam vang qua hn hop, ruou vang cm, vang np d phuc vu nguoi tiu dung trong cac ngay tt, l, hi. NgoairacnsanxutcacloairuoumanhnhuLuaMoi,HoangD v.v.dbantrongcackhachsan,dngthoikhaithacthitruongxutkhu. Bncanhdocnnghincuulamranhiuloairuouphthngkhacnhau chtluongttnhunggiacaphuhopvoidasnguoitiudung.Lamduoc diunaychungtakhngnhungphucvuduocnhucucuanhndnma dn dn dy lui duoc nan nu ruou tran lan cng nhu tinh trang nhp lu ruou hin nay. Songsongvoisanxutcacloairuouungchungtacnnhanhchong trinkhaisanxutruouacidetylic,acidxitricturiduongdcungcpcho nhucucuanganhcaosuvacacnganhkinhtkhac.Truocmtcothphi hop chuongtrinhnngluongnghin cuu su dung cnvaomuc dich thay th chtdt.Diunaysvcungcoloivicnchaysitanhhuongdnmi truong nhu du hoa, lai han ch duoc tinh trang pha rung d ly cui dt. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy10 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Chungtacndimoiquannim'cnchidpharuouung.Trong tuonglaikhngxanua,chcrngcnonuoctacngtrothanhnguynliu cho nhiu nganh san xut khac nhu nhiu nuoc d va dang lam. Tindychungticngxinpheptrinhbayquandimcuaminhv ungruou:ruouetylicnoitheoyhoclachtdcdivoicothconnguoi. Diunaykhngaichicivartdung,nhungchidungkhiungqualiu luong cho phep di voi mi nguoi. Numichungtathinhthoanghocngaymtlnungvaobuiti khng qua 50ml (mt chen ung tra) ruou ngm thuc bc thi chung ta n va ngucngtthon.Lucdoruouslamtngsuckhoe,connguoicamthy manhkhoethmchiminhmnhon.Nhungaidolamdungungnhiuruou vaocoththithnkinhbiucchdddnlamdiuxngbyvasaudos cam thy mt moi. Di voi nhung nguoi nay s tro thanh dc hai. Chung tahynhinvaovahoc cac cu dng y. Phnlon cac cu dubit ung ruou ngm thuc. Dn luc tui cao 7080 tui va cao hon nua nhung da caccuvnhnghao,buocdinhanhnhenvatinhthnlunsangkhoai.Nhu vy ung ruou du phai la co hai cho suc khoe. Suc khoe kem va tinh thn bac nhuoc chixayra divoinhung ai tham n tucungva khng chiu renluyn than th ma thi. Trndylaykincuachungtivvndungruou.Tuynhinvoi nhung nguoi khng bit ruou hoc khi ung du chi chut it cng bi ung thi tt nht nn tranh xa ruou ln bia. CHUONG II.1IAH HIAH $A XUA1 JA $ D(AC COA RUU 1RA 1H CII Cnruouduocconnguoixemlasanphmthucphmnhungcnglaila san phm co nguy co dc hai di voi co th con nguoi. Tuy nhin, san luong cn ruou ma th gioi san xut ra hang nm vn ngay cang tng thm. Chua co tailiunaochophepchungtabitrsluongcnruoulamravavicsu BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy11 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN dung chung o tt ca cac nuoc. Sau dy la nhung thng tinmaI chung ti bit va nhn duoc o mt s nuoc, o cac thoi dim khac nhau xin nu ra cung ban doc tham khao. Bang 2-1: Tnh hnh san xut cn etylic o mt s nuc - theo thng k 1958 Nuoc san xutLuong cn san xut. 106 litBq du nguoi.l/nguoi M887.0006.6 Anh151.0003.3 Phap240.0006.8 CHLB Duc169.0003.2 Italia102.0001.5 Bi6.0001.2 Dan Mach13.0003.3 Achentina120.000- Braxin246.0003.9 Nht27.0000.3 Canada108.0006.3 Phn Lan17.0003.6 Lin X1323.0006.0 An D50.0000.1 Ba Lan190.000- Tip Khc17.000- CHDC Duc40.000- Nam Tu17.500- Huhtcacnuoctrnthgioidudungcndphachruouva chocac nhucukhacnhaunhu:yt,nhinliuvanguynliuchocacnganhcng nghip khac. Tuytheotinhhinhphattrinominuoc,tylcndungtrongcacnganh rt da dang va khac nhau. cac nuoc co cng nghip ruou vang phat trin nhu Italia, Phap, Ty Ban Nha,Mndvav.v.cnduocdungdtngthmnngdruou.Mtluong BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy12 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN khalonduocdungdphachcacloairuoumanh,caodnhuWhisky, Martin, Brandy, Napholeon, Rhum v.v. Trongthoigian19541955,oNhtchico19,1cnduavaophach ruou,oDanMachchico11,6,conoBicnduavaophachruoumanh chimtoi39sanluongnm.LinX(c)cnduavaosanxutcacd ung chim toi 40; 60 con lai duoc dung vao cac nganh kinh t khac. Mcnduocsudungrtdadang,tylsudungvaocacnganhcng thayditheotungthoiky.TinhhinhsudungcnoMduocthhintrong bang sau: Bang 2-2: Tnh hnh su dng cn o M Linh vuc su dung cn 194419501958 103tn 103tn 103tn Lam dung mi 64,9 4,5 64,3 11,7 89,0 12,8 Nhin liu--1,5 0,3 1,2 0,2 Cac dang khac 137,8 9,8 31,4 5,9 53,2 7,6 Nuoc hoa 11,2 0,8 16,5 3,2 28,4 4,0 Y t 28,9 2,0 31,2 5,8 6,6 0,9 Duoc3,0 0,2 10,0 1,9 12,0 1,7 Acid axetic 16,1 1,2 21,3 4,0 9,0 1,3 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy13 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Gim n 22,7 1,8 17,8 3,3 31,1 4,5 Aldehyt axetic 178,5 12,0 260,5 48,8 378,0 54,2 Etyl axetat 31,5 2,3 18,6 3,5 20,0 2,9 Etyl clorua 42,9 3,0 13,8 2,6 12,0 1,7 Cac hoa cht khac 42,8 3,0 35,6 6,8 57,1 8,2 Cao su tng hop 854,7 58,9 11,6 2,2 -- Tng cng 1435,0 100 534,1 100 697,6 100 Ring ruou manh nm 1961 san luong o mt s nuoc nhu sau: Bungari26.130Phap154.340 Nam Tu3.740Italia13.900 CHDC Duc70.000Ao32.000 Tip Khc32.120Bi23.060 Lin X1.456.880Phn Lan14.060 M770.000 ODon vi triu lit Tinh hinh tiu thu cac loai d ung chua ruou trong nm 1957 tinh theo du nguoi lit/ nm o mt s nuoc co ghi trong bang duoi dy. Bang 2-3: Tnh hnh tiu th cn ruu o mt s nuc Tn nuocD ung co ruouTrong do BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy14 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN qui ra cn 100l/nguoi Ruou manh Ruou vang Bia Phap17,040,8215,320,9 Italia15,090,6414,340,11 Anh4,110,800,302,97 CHLB Duc3,240,941,450,85 Bi4,990,560,234,20 Bc Ailen3,090,420,242,43 Dan Mach2,810,460,411,94 Ao4,840,471,083,25 Thuy S2,581,960,310,31 M3,991,620,581,79 PHANII: NI DUNG BI BO CO THJC TAP CHUAC I. 1IM HIEU J CAC 1Y 1AHH RUU HOA QU 1RUAC KIA JA QUY 1RIAH $A XUA1 CA AHA MAY .Tm hiu v cng ty TNHH RUU HO QUA TRUNG KIN. 1. khi qut chung. - Tn chinh thuc : Cng ty TNHH Ruou hoa qua Trung KinThua s 57Cum Cng nghip An XaTP Nam DinhTinh Nam Dinh. - S giy CNDKKD va dng ky thu : 0712000071- Ngay cp : 452007 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy15 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN - Nguoi dai din : Nguyn Tun Tu - Noi thuong tru : S 1 Ng Ng S LinQun Dng DaTP Ha Ni -Nganhnghkinhdoanh:Bunbantuliusanxutruou,nuochoa qua,bunbanNngSan,LuongThuc,ThucPhmCngNghip.VnTai Hang hoa duong b. Vn chuyn hanh khach theo hop dng. Dich vu n ung du lich. 2. Co cu t chc cng ty - 1 Giam dc cng ty - 1 Quan ly diu hanh san xut - 3 Nhn vin lo hoi thay ca nhau. La cng nhn hop dng lam theo thoi vu. -Mt s nhn vin phuc vu cho cac qua trinh. Chu yu la 1 cng nhn chinh thuc va mt cng nhn lam theo thoi vu. - 1 bac bao v. ' mt ca san xuat thi can 2 cong nhan pho thong, 1 ngu quan ly bao quat tat ca va trc tp nau ln men va chung cat, mt cong nhan lo ho 3. Cc san phm cua cng ty - Cng ty chuyn san xut ruou cn va xut di theo don dt hang - Cng ty nhp b ruou cho nha may ch bin gia suc. 4. So d m}t bng nh my - Th hin o mt giy A3 B .QUY TRINH CNG NGHJ SAN XUT CU NH MY. I. Nguyn liu dng d san xut. 1. Sn lt BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy16 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Nguyn liu chu yu ma cng ty su dung cho san xut ruou cn la sn lat, sn duoc nhamay nhp v la sn d duoc thai lat mong va phoi kh. Dc dim cua nguyn liu sn nay th hin: Sn la loai cu chua nhiu tinh bt, cu sn gm 3 phn chinh: vo, thit cu va li. Ngoai ra con cung va r cu. Vogm2phn:vogobnngoai,cutaochuyulaxenluloza,thuong chimkhoang1,52khiluongcu,vocuicngcutaotuxenluloza nhung trong vo cui con co mu sn la cac polyphenol cua cu sn nm o dy. Thitcuchuanhiutinhbt,itproteinvamtluongdu,luong polyphenolodychichimkhoang10-15,nhungcacpolyphenolgytro ngaikhichbin,dcbitladsnchaymuslamchobtsnbinmau, thaydimuivikhontructipkhiluc,khothoatnuockhisyhocphoi kh sn lat hoc sn bt Thanh phn hoa hoc cua sn co th la nhu sau : loainuocprotitcht beoGluxitxenluloIro sn tuoi70,251,1020,4126,581,110,54 sn kh13,120,2050,4174,741,111,69 Trongcusncomthopchtdclaphazeolumatingm2glucozit: linamarinvalotraustralin.Hamluong cht nayvao khoang 0,001- 0,04mg chua chu yu trong vo cui. Binh thuong phazeolumatin khng dc, nhung khi bithuyphngiaiphongraHCN,gydc.KhihamluongHCNtoikhoang 50-100mg nguoi n s bi ng dc, cao hon co th dn dn tu vong. D tranh ng dc truoc khi n cn phai ngm va boc vo cui. Nhung khi sn thai lat phoi kh gian dang k luong HCN. nhamay nay san xut theo cng nghip nn sn lat kh duoc nghin nho, phi trn voi nuoc, nu thanh chao ri dem vao duong hoa. Mi ni nu nha may thuong su dung 1000 kg nguyn liu BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy17 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 2. Nuc Nuoc duoc nhamay dung cho san xut la nuoc ging khoan duoc bom truc tiptu duoilong dtln ri quah thngloc cuanhamay, saudo dung cho san xut. nuoc nay duoc dung truc tip cho san xut. Vi cht luong nuoc odycngtuongdidattiuchunsaukhiqualoc,vanuocdungchosan xutruou khng cnyu cu cao nhunuoc trong sanxut bia nnvuagiam duoc chi phi san xut Lai phu hop cho nm men phat trin co luong cac mui phu hop. 3. ENZIM. Nh may su dung enzim h enzim amilazaduoc nhp tu cac nhI may san xut enzim. - -amylaza: $C (enzym dch hoa) %ermamyl 120L - Tac dung ln ni -1,4 glucozit o vi tri bt ky, nhung tp trung vao giua mach amyloza va amylopectin. - Duoi tac dung cua enzym, tinh bt chuyn hoa thanh dextrin maltoza 1 it glucoza d nhot cua tinh btgiam nhanh. - -amylaza con duoc goi la enzym dich hoa Nhit d hoat dng cua enzym:--amylaza cua vi khun hoat dng tt ot0 ti uu 95 1000C pH cua mi truong va t0 ti uu cng phu thuc vao nhau: t0 tng F pH tng -glucoamylaza CA.etro:yme) Enzimglucoamylazavuaphngiaiamilozavaamilopecinnothuyphnmt cach trit d hon vi no co th tac dung phn ct ca lin kt 1,4 va lin kt 1,6 enzim nay cng duoc ly tu vi sinh vt. 4. Nm menBAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy18 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Hinh anh nam nem saccharomyces cerevsae Chung nm men duoc nha may su dung cho san xut la chung Saccharomyces cerevisae(nmmenni).Chungnmmennaylnmennhanh,at,chiu duoc nhit d cao 25-350C va trong qua trinh ln men thi xac t bao nm men ni ln cung khi CO2. Khi kt thuc qua trinh ln men, xac t bao nm men tao thanh mt lop trng xp. 5. Cc cht b sung. Trongquatrinhsanxutruou,ddatduocmucdichmongmunv san phmthi phai dung dn cac cht . Ngoai ra, con cho thm axit sunIric vao dichddiuchinhpH,lamchonhitdnunhanhdatduoc.Chothmcht phugialammmnuoc,bsungthanhphndamuredcungcpnitocho nm men hoat dng trong qua trinh ln men. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy19 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN II. So d cng ngh san xut ruu cn cua nh my Phi trn Ng.liu/nuoc : 1/4 nghin min dich hoa nng t0 ln 900C giu 30 phut nng to ln 100oC giu 60 phut Duong hoa ha dn 90oC ha dn 70-75oC ha dn 65oC ha dn 58-60oC ha dn 32oC Nguyn liu (sn lat) 350ml enzim SC 50ml enzim SC 2 kg dam ure 25ml H2SO4/175ml nuoc 500ml enzim GA BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy20 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN III. Thuyt minh so d dy chuyn cng ngh. 1. Cn v nghin nguyn liu Cn 1000kg sn lat kh demnghinmin bngmaynghin bua. Sau do duoc vit tai d vao thung phi trn 2. Phi trn Dutinla4000litnuockhngqua450Cduocchovaoni,btcanh khuy cho hoat dng, ri tu tu cho btd nghin o trn vao khuy dao trong 15-20phutdtrnduhnhop.Tylnuocvanguynliula1:4(4000lit nuoccho1000kgnguynliu)cho350mlenzimSCvaoribtbombom dich qua ni nu s 1. 3. Qu trnh nu (d|ch ho, dung ho) Sn va nuoc duoc phi trn o ni phi trn ri bom sang ni nu 1. Ni nu sau khi duocv sinh sach s ta bt canh khuy ritu bomdichvao bom duoc mt luong dich cn thit thi bt du cp hoi nong vao ni nu s 1. Sau Ln men Chung ct Tinh ch Loc 500 g nm men kh B ruou Ruou thanh phm cn du du Iusel BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy21 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN khi bom du luong dich thi tng cuong cp nhit dn luc dat 900C thi giu trong 30phutritiptucnngnhitln1000Cgiuonhitdnaytrongvong1 ting sau 1 ting ta mo nuoc lam mat vao gian lam mat mo van day cua ni s 1 bt bomd bom dich tuni 1 sanggianlammathanhit d cua khi dich xung 90oC ta cho 50ml enzim SC vao cu tip tuc ha nhit d xung dn 75oC cho 2 kg dam ure vao ha nhit d xung 650Ccho 200ml H2SO4 d pha long (pha25mlaxitsunIuricdcvao175mlnuocct)vaokhinhitdhaxung 58-60oC cho 500ml enzimGA vao khi du ra o gianlammat dat 30-320C thi dongvanvaoni1movan cho chuyn dich sang tnglnmen s 1. ta cng tinhanhlamtuong tu o ninu s 2nhu ninu 1valam cungluc sau khi bom dich sang ni 1 kt thuc thi tip tuc phi trn va bom dich vao ni nu 2 ri lam tuong tu nhu ni 1. va cng bom dich sang tng ln men 1. 4. Ln men Tnk ln men s mt sau khi duoc v sinh sach s va thanh trung (thanh trung bng cach chohoinongvaonngnhitdln 100oCvagiu onhit d nay trong vongmt ting ri mo van day thao nuoc ngung ) ta bom dich vao khibomktthucninu1thicho500gnamnemsaccharomycescerevsaekh vao tng 1 sau do mt gio sau khi d duong hoa xong o ni nu 2 thi bom dichquatng1.Nhuvycumitnglnmenchuaduoc2ninutngla 2000kg bt snva 8000lnuoc. Ta cnglam tuong tuvoi 7 tnkln men con lai.Thoigianlnmenthuongkeodaitu7280gio.Trongthoigiannay nguoitataomoidiukinthichhopvnhitd30-320C,pH,.cngnhu luongnmmen thichhop, khc phucnhung su c...d qua trinhlnmenxay ra thun loi, sao cho ham luong cn duoc tao ra nhiu nht. sau 24 dn 30 gio ln men thi tng cuong lanh nhanh vi trong gii doan nay nm men phat trin manh sinh nhit nhiu lam tng nhit d nhanh co luc ln toi 36-370C. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy22 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 5. Lc Sau72- 80 gio ln men d duong giam xung 00Bx va qua thoi gian n dinh cht luong cn thi bt du bom dich ln men di loc.dy dung may loc khung ban gm 36 khung va 36 ban cung voi 37 tm vai loc, Sau khi loc tach ringphnb,lyphnnuocduocgoiladichdmchincothbomtrov tanklnmen d chua dichvua d n dinhchtluonggimvua cholocxng tt ca 8 tank ri moi bt du bom dich dm di chung ct. Con b duoc tach ra thi su dung lam thuc n gia suc. 6. Chung ct - tinh ch dynhamay su dungh thng chung ct 4 thap.Thap 1la thapth dn thap thu 2 la thap an thap thu 3 la thap tinh va thap cui cung la thap lam sach,thap1,2,3duocdunbnghoinongtructipconthap4dunnongbng hoinonggiantip.Btduquatrinhchungcttabommtluongnuocvao thung caovi d tinhanh rua thap choluongnuoc ct duoc rangoaivangui xem dn luc ht mui thi bt du bom dich dm vao thung cao vi va tin hanh chung ct qua 4 thap chung ct va tinh luyn ta tach duoc cn du( cn y t ) taithapan|luongcndulyracu12tnnguynliuthitach215litcn du(lyra 3-5 cn du sovoinguynliu) |va tach duIusel tai daythap tinh va ly cn thanh phm ra tai thap lam sach. truoc luc ly cn thanh phm ra thi coh thng kimtranu cn dat tiu chun 96o thimovanxunghm chuanu khng dat thi cho hi luu v thap tinh. Kt thuc qua trinh chung ct cn thanh phm duoc chua trong hm chua d khoi tht thoat va n dinh cht luong. Cn du duoc chung ct lai ln 2 thu hi tip cn thanh phm va luong cn du sau chung ct ln 2 se duoc lam cht tailanhvao thit bilamlanh o giai doan ln men. CHUAC II. K 1HU1 CHUA B DCH LA MEA BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy23 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Qu trnh ch bin d|ch dung. I. Qu trnh chun b| v phi trn nguyn liu Mime trongmtninu,nhamay chun bi 1000kg snlat, 4000lit nuocvamtschtphugiadchovao.Dutindunghoinongdthanh trung ni phi trn. Bom nuoc 40 - 450C vao ni phi trn va cho canh khuy hoatdng.Snlatduocnghintumaynghin,quavittaidvaoniphi trn.Tylsnlatnghinminla70,vanghinhatla30.Sdikhng nghinminhttoanbsnlatlavilophatsaunaycokich thuoclonstao mang loc cho qua trinh loc trong dich duoc d dang.Muc dich cua qua trinh nghin nhm pha v cu trucmang t bao thuc vt, tao diu kin giai phong cac hat tinh bt khoi cac m, bin tinh bt thanh dang hoa tan. -Thit bi nghin va phi trn: 1. My nghin nguyn liu : a. Cu tao cua may nghin bua nhu sau : gm 6 thanh bua gn vao rto duocgncungdngcoquayvaphiaduoicolopsang.vamaynghincng duoclambnginoxkhnggi.voicngsut1000kgsnlatnghintrong2 gio. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy24 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Chu thich : 1. Vo may 2. Roto 3. Bua 4. Tm phan hi 5. Dm diu chinh 6. Hai tm sang ghi xoay duoc 7. Hai tm sang ghi keo ra duoc BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy25 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Vt ti GutiMtThngchasnltThngchabtThit bchnkhVt tiMtMynghinbaMtCaquanstTithotkhNi phi trnN-cvoCnhkhuyGi Vi nhmc-ngdnbtVi dndchCasnvo b. Nguyn ly hoat dng cua may nghin : Snlatduocnapvaocuanapliuvaocilo1,nhogutaidualnxilo2va duocvittai1duasangtheotrongluctruottheomangvaovungvadpcua bua dang quay voi tc d cao. Sau va dp, sn bi v thanh nhiu manh va bay voi goc phan chiu khoanh 900, tao thanh mt vung dp nghin. Khi bay, cac manhvdpvao cac tmlot (duocgnvao cac tmphanhi) trn thanhvo may, bt nguoc tro lai du bua d nghin tip, cu nhu vy cho dn khi du nho lot quamt sang xung duoi lai nho may thi khi thi ln xilo 3 cui cung la btsnduocvittai 2 dua tuxilo 3xungthungphi trn. dola qua trinhdi cua sn con thao tac vnhanhmaynghin la: du tin cho snvaoxilo 1 bt BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy26 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN dng co cua gu tai sau do lai bt thm dng co cua vit tai 1 va dng co may nghin(diuchinhtcdnghintrn1000vong/phut)cunglucdomaythi khi cng duoc hoat dng vi vy ta bt lun nut dng co chn khi. Luc nghin gn xong 1 tn nguyn liu thi bt du mo vit tai 2 cho xung thung phi trn tu tu khi nghin kt thuc tt dng co thi bt du tt tu gu tai ri tt vit tai tt may nghin. Su c xay ra nu vn hanh khng dung cach la: bt gu tai cho sn vao xilo2dyquamucmakhngbtmaynghinvavittaimtvivysnse khng vao xilo 2 duoc ma quay tro lai va duoc giu trong gu tai dn khin tc ngn dng co d khc phuc su c nay nhiu luc phai tt tt ca may rui mo gu tai ly sn ra ht, va co luc qun khng bt dng co nghin ma bt vit tai 1 se khin tc khng hoat dng duoc vi qua nhiu sn xung lam nget khng quay ni dng co luc nay phai tt cac dng co laiva mo may nghin ra ly bot sn ra. Con nu qun khng bt dng co chn khi thi se khin tht thoat bt sn va bui nhiu. luc nay chi cn bt vit tai ln la duoc. Ngoai ra co mt s su co thuong gp khac: - Maynghin bt khng datyu cu dolopmt sang dunglu bi sual, nn phai sua lai luoi sang - D m cua sn cao di khi lam chm qua trinh nghin 2.Ni phi trn a. Cu to ni phi trn nguyn liu : Thit bi duoc lam bng inox khng gi voi th tich 5 khi. 1.M to canh khuy2. Duong bt vao 3.Duong nuoc vao4. Canh khuy 5.Ong dn dich ra 6. Chn thit bi 7. may bom dich 8. Cua quan satBAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy27 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN

24567318 b. Nguyn l hot dng : Ly du 4000lit nuoc vao thung qua duong ng 3 sau do bt canh khuy ri tu tu cho bt sn vao thung qua duong ng 2. Sau khi phi trn xong bt bomdich di qua duong ng 5 bom sang ni nu. Thoi gian phi trn nguyn liu tu 15 dn 20 phut.$ c xay ra trong phi trn: - Duong ng dn bt nghin bi tc, phai mo ra d thng -Canhkhuyquaykhngdattcd,phaikimtralaimtocanhkhuyva luongnuocchovaophitrnbt,cothduongngdnnuocbitclam luongnuocchayvaochuadat.Vikhngcothitbidbaoluongnuocdua vaoduhaychuannlucmonuocvaocndyngthuytranhhintuong luong nuoc vao qua nhiu.II. Cng don nu v dung ha nguyn liu: BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy28 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 1. mc dch cua qu trnh nu v dung ho nguyn liu $cdichcuaquatrinhnaunguynl"u:Nhmphavmangtbao cuatinhbt,taodiukingiupchoamylazatipxucvoitinhbtnhmbin chung thanh trang thai hoa tan trong dung dich. Phuong phap nu nguyn liu cua nha may su dung la nu gian doan $cdichcuaquatrinhdunghoa.Chuyntinhbthoatanthanh dich duong duoi xuc tac cua h enzym amylaza Phuong phap duong hoa nguyn liu ma nha may su dung la duong hoa gian doan2. Co so l thuyt cua qu trnh nu v dung ha Phuong trinh duong hoa : Tinh bt nuoc PF P duong Truoc kianguoi tahay su dung axitHCl hoc H2SO4 d thuy phnnhung giathanhcaovahiusutthuhisanphmcngthp,saudonguoitasu dungamylazatuthocmm(hocmaltdaimach)nhungngaynaysudung amylaza tu ngun nui cy cac chung vi sinh vt va cu th la tu nm mc. Enzym va cac axit du co kha nng phn ct cac mi lin kt glucozit trong phn tu amyloza va amylopectin. u-amylazatacdunglncacu-1,4glucozitobtkyvitrinao,giuamach amylozavaamylopectinvacocakhanngphnctcacduongdextrincao phntuvaenzymnaygoilaenzymdichhoavasanphmdoenzymnayla duong dextrin, glucoza va maltoza. -amylaza phn ct cac lin kt 1,4 glucozit nhung bt du tu mach khng co nhomkhuvact2phntuduongglucozavasanphmtaothanhchuyula cac duong maltoza vi vy goi la cac enzym duong hoa -amylazacthoantoanmachamylozataothanhcacduongmaltoza,con voi mach amylopectin chi ct duoc 50-55. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy29 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Glucoamylaza ct duoc ca u-1,6 glucozit va bin 100 tinh bt thanh duong glucoza(u-amylazava-amylazakhngctduocniu-1,6glucozit).Dc bitenzymnayconhiutrongcacchungnmmcA.pergillus,A.usami, A.wamori. 3. Tin hnh Truockhibomdichvaonu,ninuduocvsinhsachsvathanhtrung bng hoi nuoc nong. Du tin bt canh khuy hoat dng, sau do luong dich tu ni phi trn duoc bom vao ni nu va cp hoi. Luc nay cho vao 350 ml SC ( ch phm enzym amylaza, thuy phn tinh bt o mi u-1,4 glucozit trong phn tuamylozavaamylopectin)dngthoicphoichoninudatnhitddn ln 90 - 930C va giu trong vong 30 phut. Sau do tip tuc mo hoi tng nhit d ln 1000C va giu trong 1 gio. Dy la giai doan dun si d thuy phn hoan toan mt s cu tu co kich thuoc lon, dng thoi o nhit d nay s tiu dit cac tap khun co hai cho qua trinh ln men sau nay. Sau 1 giomo nuoc lammat vao gianlammat,movandayninubtbomchodichquagianlammat.Khi nhitddichgiamxung90-930C,chothm50mlSC.Tiptuclamlanh xung 70 -750Cva chovao 2 kgdamure ( cung cp thanh phn dinh dung cho nmmen sinh khi sau nay ). Lam lanh tip xung 600C va cho vao 500 mlGA(enzymephnctlinktu-1,6glucozit).SaudodunggiydopH kim tra d pH, cho thm axitH3PO4 hocaxitH2SO4d diu chinh pHv khoang4,85,2laduoc.Khinhitdduralammatdat30-320Cthimo vanbomvaothunglnmen,dongvanninuvaoktthucquatrinhduong hoa. 4.Thit b| nu v dung ha nguyn liu, thit b| lm mt. Vionhamaynaycngsutconnhonnquatrinhnuvaduonghoaduoc thuc hin trong ni nu 1 lop duoc cp nhit truc tip bng hoi nong tu lo hoi. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy30 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Cu tao cua ni nu th hin o hinh v sau : qua trinh dich hoa va duong hoa duoc tin hanh trn 1 thit bi nu va gian lam mat. - Chu thich : 1. m to canh khuy.2. duong vao cua dich sau phi trn. 3. duong dich hi luu sau khi lam mat. 4. canh khuy. 5. van day duong dn dich qua gian lam mat. 6. chn thit bi7. duong b sung nuoc nong tu gian lam mat. 8. cua quan sat9. duong cp hoi nong. 10. nhit k 45621378910 Ni nu nguyn liuni nu duoc lam bng cht liu chng ghi voi th tich 6 khi. -Antoanthngskthutkhisudungninu:Kichccuacanh khuy, vn tc quay phai phu hop voi duong kinh cua thit bi va vn tc bin cuanokhngvuotqua3,8m/s,nukhngssinhluckeokhichuyndng BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy31 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN xoay tac dng dn thanh phn dichnu. H thng cpnhit cho thit bi cng rt quan trong. Cn diu chinh nhit phu hop. Thitbilammatlamtgianlammatvoicutaotheokiunglngng tngchiudaicuacacngtronggianlammatla120m.gianlammatcng duoc lam tu inox khng ri chiu nhit tt. III. S bin di sinh ha v cc yu t anh huong ti qu trnh 1. S bin di sinh ha trong qu trnh nu v dung ha nguyn liu a. Bin di trong qu trnh nu ( d|ch ha ) Trongquatrinhnutathyrng,khiduntinhbtvoinuocln400C,hat tinh bt bt du truong no. Nu tip tuc tng nhit d, th tich cua hat tinh bt tip tuc tng, mi lin kt giua cac phn tu cua hat tinh bt yu dn va toi mt muc nao do thi cac phn tu tinh bt duoc tan ra dung dich. Hin tuong tan ra cua tinh bt nay goi la hin tuong h hoa. Trong qua trinh nu, do tin hanh o nhit d cao va mi truong axit yu nn xay ra mt s bin di phu sau : D bn cua t bo thc vt Tinhbtchicothduocgiaiphongsaukhidphavcutrucmangbao quanh no. D bn cua mang t bao khng ging nhau di voi cac nguyn liu vangaytrongcungmtnguynliu,dbnocacphncngkhacnhau.Vo hat co d bn cu tao cao nht, sau do la lop alorong, con ni nh d bn cu tao kem hon caKhidunnguynliuvoinuocsxayracachintuongtruongno,hoatan cacchtktdinhgiuatbao,dndnlamgiamdbncohoccuanguyn liu. Khi nu hat nguyn o nhit d 120135 0C cac cht pectin s truong no vahoatan sau2025 phut, tip dolatinh btva pentoza. Nu tiptuc tng nhit d dn 145 -1550C thi thanh t bao s bi pha v, cac hat tinh bt s tach ra va hoa tan vao dung dich. S truong no v ha tan tinh bt BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy32 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Truong no la tinh cht cua nhung cao phn tu rn co kha nng hut dung mi d lam tng th tich. Nhung khac voi su hut nuoc don gian cua vt th xp, su truong no cua cac cht ( tinh bt, pectin, protein ) trong nguyn liu lun kem theo cac hin tuong hiu ung nhit, co th tich va giam d bay hoi so voi dung mi nguyn cht Hon50chtkhcuahatvakhoaisnlatinhbt.Dylachtchuyud tao ra san phm cn etylic trong qua trinh san xut, vi th su truong no va hoa tan tinh bt co y nghia thuc tin trong cng ngh san xut ruou. Cu tao mach tinh bt gm amyloza va amylocpectin :

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2oh

-1,4 -1,4 -1,4 -1,4

Amyloza Amyloza cu tao tu nhung gc glucoza (C6H10O5)va lien kt voi nhau boi cac niu-1,4glucozitnntaothanhmachthng.Sgcglucozaco thtu200 1000 va tuong ung voi phn tu luong 34200162000.

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2o

h

hCh2oh

h

hCh2oh

-1,4

-1,6-

h

hCh2oh

o

hCh2oh

o

hCh2oh

o

hCh2oh

Amylopectin BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy33 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Vi tri tac dng cua h enzim ln mach tinh bt Amylopectincngcutaotunhunggcglucoza,nhungngoaicacniu-1,4, trong phn tu amylopectin cac gc glucoza con ni noi nhau boi cac ni u-1,6 glucozit. Tuy theo loai nguyn liu, s gc glucoza trong phn tu amylopectin co th tu 6006000 tuong duong voi phn tu luong 96120961200. Trong dung dich hat tinh bt tuong tu co nhung l thm thu, trong do amylopectindongvaitrocuamangbanthm.Khitngnhitdthiapsut thm thu va d truong no s tng, hat tinh bt s hut nuoc khoang 25 dn 30 ln nhiu hon so voi th tich hat. Amyloza d hoa tan trong nuoc nong va bt du khuch tan ra mi truong xung quanh. Nu tip tuc tng nhit d gioi han xacdinhthiduoitacdungcualucthmthucachattinhbtshutnuocva tng th tich, co th tu 50 -100 ln. Do do lin kt giua cac phn tu s yu dn divabidut,lucdohattinhbtsduocgiaiphongvaxayrahintuongh hoa. Trong dich h tinh bt, cacmach amylopectin truong no, dan cheo nhau vagingnhumangluoikhnggianbachiuchuadaylnhochuanhiu amyloza. Nhitdhhoaphuthucvaonhinliuvakichthuoccuahattinh bt.Nhunghatlonbaogiocnghhoavatruongnoonhitdcaohon so BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy34 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN voinhunghat be cungloai. Nhung tinh bt cua bt kynguynliunao cng gmmthnhop chuanhiuhat co kich thuoc khacnhau,nn trong thuc t lun tn tai mt khoang nhit d h hoa . Vi du tinh bt khoai ty co nhit d hhoatrongkhoang55-560C,tinhbtgao65-850C,tinhbtng50- 1150C, tinh bt sn 61 - 680C, tinh bt dai mach 50 - 800C v.v. Nhit d h hoa con phu thuc vao cac cht din giai trong dung dich. Cacmuikimvamuitrungtinhlamgiamnhitdhhoa,concaccht duong lam tng nhit d h hoa. Nhit d h hoa cng phu thuc nng d tinh bt va tc d tng nhit tuy khng nhiu.

0 40 50 60 70 80 nhtT0C Su phu thuc cua d nhot tinh bt sn vao nhit dNhng bin di cua hemixenluloza, xenluloza v pectin Trong qua trinh nu nguyn liu, o diu kin mi truong axit yu, xenluloza khngbithuyphn.Hemixenlulozacutaochuyutupentozacobithuy phnit nhiu. Su thuyphnnay bt du tu khi chun bi dich bt do tac dung cuaxitaza chua trongnguynliuva duoc tip tuc trong qua trinhnu do tac dungcuaionH

vanhitdcao.Ktqualataoramtluongnhodextrinva cac hop cht co phn tuthp, k ca duong 5 cacbon arabinozava kxiloza. Bi thuy phn nhiu hon ca la cac cht pectin este cua axit polygalacturovic : BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy35 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN

h

hCo oh

h

h

Co och3oh

h

hCo oh

h

h

Co oh+ c h3oh este cua polygalacturovicaxit pecticancol metylic GiaosuClimoIskivacaccngsudchungminhrng,hamluongancol metylictylthunvoinhitdnu.Trongdiukinnu cuasanxutruou, hamluongancolmetylictrongdichchaokhoaityvaokhoang0,004 0,005vagpnhiulnsovoitrongdichchaonutucacloaihat (0,00035). Dy cng la nguyn nhn chu yu tao ra ancol metylic trong san xut cn tu nguyn liu tinh bt. Nhng bin di cua tinh bt v dung Khi nu comt luong nho tinh bt bin thanh duong va dextrin do tac dung cuaamylazachuatrongnguynliu.TheosliucuaAskinudi,onhitd 550C amylaza tac dung ln tinh bt rt yu. Sau 15 phut ham luong cht khu chichim0,25sovoikhiluongchthoatantrongdichbt,onhitd 600C tng dn 0,8 trong dich bt kiu mach va 8 trong dich bt tiu mach. Sucomtcuacacchtduongtrongdichbtchuanuladiukhngmong mun vi s gy tn tht khi dun dn nhit d cao. Do do khi nu so b nguoi tatngnhanhnhitdtronggioihan50-600Cnhmrutngnthoigiand han ch hoat dng cua amylaza. Ngoai tac dung cua amylaza, khi nu tinh bt con chiu tac dung cuaionH

va cng taodextrinvamaltozanhungvoimt luong rt it va chi khoang 0,0660,073. Duong chua trong nguyn liu chu yulasaccaroza,glucoza,Iructozavamtitmaltozaduoctaothanhtrong thoigiannu.nhitdcaocacduongsbiphnhuyvamtnuocdtao thanhcaramen,IurIurol,oxymetylIurIurolvamelanoidin.Mucdtaothanh cac cht duoc xp theo thu tu : BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy36 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Tao melanoidin ~ IurIurol ~ caramenMucdthuyphncuaduongphuthucvaonhitdvapH.Thucnghim cho bit duong glucoza bi phn huy it nht o pH 3,4 Iructoza o pH 3,6 con arabinoza o pH 2,8. Do domungiam tn tht duong co sntrongnguyn liu o giai doan nu thi nn khng ch pH 3,5

ung bj phn hyP03 2 4 5 6 7102030405060708090123 Anh huong cua pH toi muc d phn huy duong o diu kin nu gian doan 1. Fructoza ;2. Arabinoza; 3.Glucoza diukintrnglucozasbiphnhuykhoang5,conIructozabi phnhuytoi26.NutngpHtoi6,5thisuphnhuysla80divoi glucoza va 90 di voi Iructoza. Trong diu kin nu cua san xut ruou pH5 cokhoang11glucozava30Iructozabiphnhuy.Theomucdbi phn huy thi :Fructoza ~Arabinoza ~ Glucoza Divoisaccarozavamaltoza,suphnhuychixayrasaukhidbithuy phn.pH2,5sacacrozabithuyphnhoantoan,conopH6,5chi khoang 50 duoc thuy phn. Phn huy duong hoan nguyn (hn hop glucoza va Iructoza) bt dau tu pH 2 va giam toi 5 o pH 3,5, sau do lai tng toi 18 o pH 5. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy37 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Tnthtduongtrongthoigiannubaogmtaocaramen,IurIurol, oxymetyl IurIurol va melanoidin . Phan ung tao caramen la do duong saccaroza nong chay va mt nuoc gy ra. Caramen la cht kim hm di voi qua trinh ln men ruou . SutaothanhIurIurolvaoxymetylIurIurolcngdoduongmtnuoc.Qua trinhxayra quanhiugiai doanva cui cungmi phntu duong don smt di baphn tu nuoc.Di voi duong pentoza, san phm tao thanh la IurIurol : cc ChC - c ho

-3h 2oCh2o h(c hoh)3ch o Di voi duong 6 cacbon ( hexoza ) san phm tao thanh la metyl IurIurol : h2cc ChC - cho

-3h2oCh2oh(choh)3cho

DokhngbnnnoxymetylIurIuroldbibinditiptheodtaothanh ancol metylic va axit levulinovic : C6H6O3H2OPF PHCOOH CH3-CO-CH2- CH2COOH Mt phn oxymetyl IurIurol s trung hop va tao ra cht mau Su tao thanh melanoidin la kt qua cu phan ung oxy hoa khu giua duong va cacaxitamincngnhucacsanphmtrunggiancuaquatrinhthuyphn protit. Qua trinh tao thanhmelanoidinrt phuc tap nhung co th chia thanh3 giai doanBAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy38 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Sanphmcuagiaidoandukhngcomauvakhnghpthutiacuctim. Giai doan nay gm 2 phan ung : ngung tu giua axit amin va duong, tip theo la chuyn nhom. Giaidoan2taosanphmtrunggian,mauvanghpthucactiacuctimva bao gn 3 phan ung : duong bi mt nuoc, duong bi phn huy va phn huy cac hop cht amin Giai doan cui gm 2 phan ung: ngung tu andehit va trung hop giua andehit voi hop cht amin. Tc d cuaphanung phu thucvaortnhiuyu tnhunhit d, pH,thoi gian cng nhu nng d, tinh cht cua cac duong va tinh cht cua axit amin Cht duongKha nng tao melanoidin don vi Cht duongKha nng tao melanoidin don vi Glucoza Fructoza Maltoza Galactoza 1,0 1,2 1,4 2,0 Kxiloza Arabinoza FurIurol Metylglyoxan 5,5 6,7 15,0 30,0 Bang th hin kha nng tao melanoidin cua cac duong va axit amin Divoiaxitaminthiglycolcophanungmanhnht,saudolnluotdn alanin,phenylamin,valin,loxin,metiomin,axitglutamic,xistin,tirozin v.v.Noi chung cung voi su tng khi luong phn tu cua axit amin, kha nng phan ung voi cac duong cua chung s bi giam . Bin di cua protit v cc cht khcClimoIski va Cnvalp d nghin cuu bi di cua protit trong thoi gian nu va thy rng, khi tng nhit d toi 1000C, d hoa tan cua protit bi giam do keo BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy39 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN tu va bin tinh, nhung tip tuc tng nhit d thi d hoa tan s tng do qua trinh petithoa.Tuynhinsutnggiamluongnitohoatantrongthoigiannu khnggingnhaudivoitungloainguynliu,diunayduocthhino bang sau : Dang nitoLuong nito sau khi nu 40-50 phut o t0C Lua dai machNg 5010012014050100120140 Nito khng hoa tan Nito hoa tan Trong s do: nito protit nito amin 74,6 25,4 10,0 - 93,1 6,9 4,8 - 87,4 12,6 6,9 - 78,7 21,3 16,4 - 81,4 18,6 9,2 7,2 76,5 23,5 10,4 7,0 68,4 31,6 8,0 6,8 43,0 57,0 5,0 6,4 Bin di nito trong qua trinh nu Khinucokhoang20-25nitocuahatduocchuynvaodungdichnhung luongdamaminhunhukhngthaydi.Noikhacdisuthuyphnprotit khngxayra trongthoigiannunguynliu. Su bin di cua cht beo cng hu nhu khng xay ra trong qua trinh nu nguyn liu . b.Bin di trong qu trnh dung ha Trongquatrinhduonghoa,ngoaibindichuyucuatinhbtthanh duong, khi duonghoa con co su bin di cuamt s cht khac. Muc d bin dikhngnhiuvaphuthucngunamylazasudung.Trongchphm amylazathunhntunmmclunchimmtluongpectinazava hemixenluloza. Do do khi duong hoa s co mt luong pectin phn huy de tao raaxitpecticvaacolmetylic.Mtluongnhohemixenlulozaduocthuyphn BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy40 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN thanhdextrinvaduongpentoza,glucoza.Dextrinsaunaysbinthanh maltoza va ln men duoc, con pentoza khng tham gia vao phan ung tao ruou. Trongthocmm,ngoaiamylazaconchuamtluongproteaza,enzym naygm proteinazava peptidaza, chung co pH ti uurt khac nhau.Hoat do ti uu cuaproteinaza la pH 4,55,0 va nhit do 58 - 620C, con diu kin ti uu cua peptidazala pH 7,37,9 vanhitd 45 - 470C. Trong sanxut ruou duonghoa thuongtinhanh o pH4,85,2 vanhit do 58600C. Tuy diu kin nay khng ti uu cho proteinaza va peptidaza nhung luong dam amin vn tng 2,53 ln so voi truoc khi duong hoa, du dam bao ngun ni to cho dinh dung cua nmmen. nhamay ruounay, nguynliu sanxut cn chuyu la sn chua it protit va nito hoa tan, do do ngun dinh dung nito khng dam bao cho phat trin cua nm men. Chinh vi th ma trong qua trinh khi chun bi dich ln men nha may d cho dam ure vao d b sung ngun nito thich hop. 2. Cc yu t anh huong ti qu trnh nu v dung ha nguyn liu Nhu ta d bit qua trinh nu va duong hoa chu yu xay ra qua trinh thuy phntinhbt,tcdthuyphntinhbtphuthucsutaothanhlinkt enzymtinh bt`. Su tao thanhlin ktnayla dohp thulnnhaugiua cac nhomhaonuoccotrnbmtcuacachattinhbtvaenzymnhuCOOH,-OH,-CHO,-CO,-NH2,-SH.Cacnhomnaykhitacdunglnnhauslam giamnngluongbmt,lambindangcacphnringbitcuaphntu amyloza va amylopectin, cui cung dn dn lam dut cac ni glucozit d tao ra sanphmvagiaiphongenzym.Enzymduocgiaiphonglaitiptuctaolin kt moi va thuc hin nhiu chu trinh tip theo. Mi enzym chi co th hoat dng tt khi o trang thai nht dinh. Trang thai nay phu thuc nhit d, pH va san phm cua mi truong phan ung. a) Anh huong cua nhit d v pH BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy41 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Mimt enzym thuonghoat dngvaomt vungnhit d ti thich, taivung nhit d ma enzym hoat dng ti uu goi la top. Nhit d lai phu thuc vao thoi gianvapHmitruong.Nuthoigianduonghoakeodaithilamgiamkha nngchiunhitcuaenzym.NhitdphuthucvaopHthimienzymco ngun gc khac nhau thi kha nng chiu pH mi truong cng khac nhau. Vidu:AmylazacuadichchitmaltcopHtiuula4,6.NugiatripHo khoang 2,3 hoc 9,7 thi cac amylaza ngung hoat dng Da s pHop : 4,45,0 VoicacpHtiuucuauamylazacuathocmmla5,7;pHtiuucua amylaza cua thoc mm la 4,8 ; glucoamylaza la 4,64,6 Vi du uamylaza cua vi khun chiu nhit thi top la 95 - 1000C uamylaza cua thoc mm thi top la 73 - 760C uamylaza chung A.oryzae thi top la 50 - 550C Nhit d ti uu con phu thuc vao nng d co cht co trong dung dich Vidu:Nngdcochtla1thitopchoenzymamylazacongungctu chungnmmcA.oryzaela50-550C;chungnmmcA.awmorila55- 600C 1020304050607080901001530456075 9010560C 65C 70C00075C0

hoat dPht Su v hoat cua amylaza malt dai mach BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy42 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 1020304050607080901001530 6060C 65C 70C00075C0Pht120

hoat d ban du505500CC Su phu thuc hoat d glucoamylaza vao nhit d va pH ti uu PhPh= 4,66Kh nng dung ha, d.v20016012080402 3 45 6 7 8 9

Anh huong cua pH dn kha nng duong hoa cua malt dai mach Ph

thy phn 100806040204 5 6 7 8 Anh huong cua pH dn tac dung cua u va amylaza BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy43 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN b) Anh huong cua nng d enzym Suthuyphntinhbtlatngtacdungcuamtsenzymchuatrongthoc mm,trongnmmcvatrongvikhun.Mihenzymducosluongva hoat d khac nhau voi tung loai enzym nhung trn thuc t nguoi ta chi xet kha nngduonghoachungcuachphmenzyme.Khiluongenzymtng thitc dphanungtngnhungthuongtronggiaidoandu.Trongsanxutthuong tinh luong enzym theo ty l so voi luong tinh bt cn duong hoa. Tuy theo cht luong cua tung loai enzym, nguoi ta tinh ty l cho phu hop. IV.Ccchitiuchtlungvphuongphpkimtrachtlungsan phm cua mi cng don 1. Chi tiu cht lung- Dich sau qua trinh phi trn phai dng nht va dung ty l d dt ra - Dich sau qua trinh h hoa phai dat cac chi tiu sau : D thun khit : Dtk21Pp x 100 , trong do (p1 la ham luong duong co trongdichduonghoa,p2lahamluongchttannoichungnhuduong,axit amin, khoang .) , D thun khit thuong 8295 Thuongnngd dichloc 1618 sovoi khiluongnu do bng Bome k ( do nng d duong ) 89 D chua dichduong:0,81,2g/lit ( d chua dich duongtinh bng sml NaOH 1N cn trung hoa ht axit tu do chua trong 20ml dich duong ). Thuong 10chua tuong duong voi 2,45g H2SO4/lit pH dich duong hoa chao sn thuong vao khoang 4,85,2 2. Phuong php kim tra cht lung san phm - Di voi dich h hoa thi chi cn quan sat d nhot cua dich la duoc - Di voi kim tra dich sau duong hoa : BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy44 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Dung dung cu Bome k kim tra nng d cua dich duong bng cach ly mt it mu thu cho vao mt kinh cua Bome k, quan sat ngoai anh sang va doc kt qua . DungmuthuchophanungvoiNaOH1Ndtinhluongaxittrongdich bngcach,ly20mldichchovaomtitphenolphthalein,duihtCO2. DungburetchunddichbngNaOH1Ndnkhixuthinmauhngnhat (lucnayluongNaOHdtrunghoahtaxittrongdich)docsmlNaOHd dung tu do tinh luong axit trong dich. D kimtra d pH cua dich thi dung quy timkimtra,xac dinhgia tri pH bng cach di chiu mau sc d chuyn tu giy quy sau khi thm dich ung voi tung gia tri pH o bang mau . V.Cc dim kim sot trng dim Cng doan nu va duong hoa nguyn liu cng la CCP cn duoc quan tm. Vi thuctnhamayko co bin phapd kimtra thanh phn cua dich duong sau khi nu ma chi do so qua d Bx ma thi. Cht luong dich cng anh huong ko nho di voi trinh sinh truong cua nm men sau nay. -Kimtramucdkichthuocbtnghin,dyladimcothlamgiamhiu sut duong hoa, dn dn giam hiu sut thu hi cn- Kim tra ti l phi trn d dam bao nng d cht kh cho ln men - Kim tra nhit d nu dam bao vung nhit d ti uu cho h enzym thuy phn tinh bt, tng hiu sut thu hi duong - Kim tra pH dich chao VI. Cc s c thung g}p v phuong php khc phc Trong qua trinh nghin, phi trn, nu va duong hoa nguyn liu thuong gp mt s su c,lamgian doan qua trinh sanxut, khi do phaidunglai d khc phuc. Cu th cac su c do la : BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy45 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Su c trong qua trinh nu va duong hoa : -Conhiulucninubitraododiuchinhapluclon,phaigiamapbng cach giam cp hoi mo np cho khng khi thoat ra. -Nichaobichaydovanhoicpnhitlon,phaikhuydaodichvagiam nhit d han ch trao di nhit cuc b. Su c v may lam lanh dich thuong gp phai la : - Ky hiu Y o thit bi bao cho bit qua dong din dinh muc Khc phuc : Bm nut phuc hi role nhit trong khoi tu - Ky hiu K bao ap luc lam nong qua cao, co th gy n Khc phuc : Kim tra nuoc lam mat va n lai nut ap luc - Ky hiu H bao may lanh bi tc do thiu ga hoc ro ri Khc phuc bng cach dunglai kim tra nguynnhn bi tc vanap thmga hoc sua chua lai may - Ky hiu F bao din bi mt pha Khc phuc : Kim tra lai duong din va co nhung sua chua kip thoi BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy46 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN CHUAC III. 1IM HIEU K 1HU1 LA MEA I.Co so l thuyt qu trnh ln men ruu. - Theo ly thuyt hin dai, su tao thanh ruou tu glucoza duoc trai qua cac giai doan sau:1. Do xuc tac cua glucokna:a C6H12O6CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)4CHO ADP 2. Duoi tac dung cua en:yme dong phan gluco phosphate:omera:a:CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)4CHOADPCH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)3COCH2OH 3. Duoi tac dung cua phosphofructokna:a: CH2O(H2PO3)(CHOH)3COCH2OH ATPCH2O(H2PO3)CO(CHOH)3CH2OH(H3PO4) ADP 4. Duoc xuc tac boi aldola:a. CH2O(H2PO3)CO(CHOH)3CH2OH(H3PO4)ADP CH2O(H2PO3) COCH2OH H2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO 5. Duoi tac dung cua en:yme trphosphate:omera:a: CH2O(H2PO3) COCH2OH CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy47 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 6. Nho xuc tac cua en:yme trphosphatedehydrona:acoenzyme cua no la NAD: 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO2H3PO4 2NAD2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOO~H3PO3 2NAD.H2 7. Voi su tham gia cua phosphoglyceratkna:a 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOO~H3PO3 2ADP 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOOH 2ATP 8. Duoi tac dung cua en:yme acde 2-phosphoglyceromuta:a 2CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCOOH 2CH2OHCHO(H2PO3)COOH 9. Duoi tac dung cua enola:a 2CH2OHCHO(H2PO3)COOH2CH2CO(H2PO3)COOH 2H2O 10. Do en:yme pyrovatkna:a 2CH2CO~(H2PO3)COOH 2ADP 2CH3CO-COOH 2ATP 11. Toi dy, acide pyrovic bi decarrboxyl d tao thanh aldehyt acetic 2CH3CO-COOH2CO2 2CH3CHO 12.Giaidoancuicungcualnmenruoulaaldehytaceticbikhuboi NAD.H2 2CH3CHO 2NAD.H22CH3CH2OH 2NAD II.Nm men su dng trong qu trnh ln men cua nh my nhamayTrungKinnmmensudungtrongquatrinhlnmenla nmmenthucchungSaccharomycescerevisae.Vinhamayhoatdngcon nhonnkhngtunuicynmmenmanhpkhunmmenhoantoan. Trongqua trinh dilnmen,luongnmmen chovao dattil 1012 triu t bao/1ml dich. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy48 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN III. Quy trnh ln men cua nh mySau qua trinh duong hoa kt thuc, dich duong duoc bom vao thung ln men. Mi thung ln men cua nha may duoc d dy bng 2 ni nu khoang 10 khi.Thunglnmentruockhichodichduongvaoduocvsinhsachsva duocthanhtrung(thanhtrungonhitd1000C,dayvanhoigiu1gioo 1000C ). Sau khi thanh trung 1 gio mo van day xa ht nuoc ngung va lam mat thungxung30-330C.Trongquatrinhbomdichvao,bsung1goimen ging chovaomt thung.Khi thunglnmen d dythi dynp dgiam bot vi khun nhim tap. Ln men keo dai khoang 7280 gio, nng d dich duong truoc luc ln men la 160Bx. Kt thuc ln men con tu 00,50Bx, sau do dem di loc ly phn dich trong. nha may su dung 8 tank ln men co dung tich khoang 30m3, tank ln men cua nha may co dc dim la khng lp dt h thng CIP d v sinh ma cu saumiqua trinhlnmennguoi cngnhn phaimo cua chuivaodv sinh tank. Nha may su dung phuong phap ln men gian doan, tit kim thit bi va dintichnhaxuong,dlam,khibinhimtapdxulynhungnngsutthu hi chua duoc cao lm - Cu tao tank lnmen cuanhamay: duoc lambnginox khnggi co th tich 12 khi. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy49 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN

2344567 Chu thich : 1. Ong thoat khi 2. Cua quan sat 3. Ong suc khi vao4. Duong vao va ra cht tai lanh 5. Van ly mu 6. Ong thao gim va nuoc v sinh 7. Ong dn dich duong va men ging IV.S bin di sinh ha trong qu trnh ln men 1.Din bin cua qu trnh ln men Duongcungvoicacchtdinhdungkhaccuamitruonglnmen, truoctinduochpthuvaobmtcuatbaonmmen,saudokhuchtan quamangbmtbanthmdomavaobntrongtbao.Sukhuchtannay tun theo nhung quy lut chung cua su thm thu. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy50 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Trong khi nuoc duoc vao ra t bao mt cach tu do thi duong va cac cht dinh dung khac chi duoc mang t bao cho di vao ma khng cho di ra. Vi vy duong bi chuyn bin quamt chui phanung enzym d tao thanh san phm cuicungcuasulnmenlaruouetylicvaCO2.Nhuvylathngquahoat dng sng cua t bao nmmen ma trong nguyn sinh cht cua chung lin tuc xay ra nhung phan ung sinh hoa rt phuc tap d ri cui cung tng hop ra mt cht nay va phn huy mt cht kia Ruou etylic va khi cacbonic duoc tao thanh lin thoat ra khoi t bao va khuch tan ra mi truong xung quanh. Vi ruou hoa tan voi nuoc theo bt cu ty l nao nn no co th khuch tan vao mi truong mt cach nhanh chong va tao ra mt d dm lon o xung quanh t bao nmmen. Khi cacbonic cng hoa tan duoctrongdichth,songdhoatancuanotrongnuockhnglonlm.D hoatancuakhicacbonictrongruoulonhontrongnuoc3ln.Dovyma trongmitruonglnmennhanhchongduocbohoakhicacbonic.Lindo khi cacbonic duoc hp phu vao trn b mt cua t bao nm men va nhung vt th rn khac cua mi truong. Khi thoat ra khoi dung dich khi cacbonic lin tao thanh cac botva kthopvung chcvoi tbao nmmen.Khi cac bot dat dn d lonnao do thilucnng cua chungvuot qua trongluong cua t baova th la bot cung voi ca t bao duoc ni ln trn b mt, ri bot bi v ra, khi bay vao khi quyn, con t bao nm men lai bi chim xung. Nhu vy la t bao nm men vndikhngdidng,trothanhchuyndngduocotrongmitruongln men, khin cho su trao di cht o trong t bao tro nn manh m hon va su ln men cng duoc tng nhanh ln mt cach tuong ung. Co ch cua qua trinh ln men ruou chu yu theo chu trinh EMP : BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy51 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN C6h 12o 6EmpAxit piruvic Ruou etylicGlixerin Xet vmthoahoc, sulnmenruou binh thuong co th chia ralam2thoi ky: - Thikycamng:giaidoannaychttipnhnhydrocuaenzym alcoldehydrogenazalaaxetaldehytduoctaothanhchuadu,dodoenzyms chuynhydrodnchoaldehitphosphatglixerinic.Duoitacdungcuaenzym phosphataza,phosphatglixerinbithuyphndtaothanhglyxerin.Nhuvy trong mi truong s hinh thanh glixerin va CO2

C6h12o6 Ch2oChohCh = oNad.h2 Nad+Ch2oChohCh2ohCh2ohChohCh2ohPhosphatazaP PP Phosphatglyxerin glyxerin- Thikytinh:Dnlucnayluongaxetaldehitlacochtbinhthuong cuaenzymancoldehydrogenazaduoctaothanhdconhiu,nnenzyms chuyn hydro dn cho co cht cua no va ruou etylic duoc hinh thanh tu dy : C6h12o6 Ch2oCho hCh = oPC6h12o6 Ch2oCho hCh = oPC6h12o6 Ch2oCho hCh = oPC6h12o6 Ch2oCho hCh = oPCh2oCho hCh2ohP Ch2ohCho hCh2ohCh2oCho hCoo hPCh3Ch = oCh3Ch2oh+ Co 2GlixerinAxetaldehit EtanolPhphatglixerinNad.h2 Nad+PP+2 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy52 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN GLixerin chi duoc tao nn trong thoi ky cam ung nn no chi la san phm phu trong mi truong axitPhuong trinh tng quat cua qua trinh ln men : C6H12O62ADP2H3PO4 C2H5OH 2CO2 2ATP 2H2O 2. S bin di sinh ha to thnh cc san phm ph Trong qua trinhlnmenngoai san phm chinhla ruouva CO2con tao rartnhiuchtkhaccothxpthanh4nhomchinh:axit,este,aldehytva ancol cao phn tu. a) S to thnh axitCacaxithuucoduoctaoratrongquatrinhlnmenruoubaogm:axit axetic, lactic, xitric, pyrovic, succinic. - Su tao thanh axit axetic :CH3CHO CH3CHO H2O CH3COOH C2H5OH - Axit lactic duoc tao thanh boi pyrovat dehydroaza theo phan ung : CH3CO-COOH NAD.H2 CH3CHOHCOOH NAD Hoc CH2O(H2PO3)CHOHCHO H2O CH3CHOHCOOH H3PO4 - Axit xitric tao tu aldehyt axetic 9 CH3CHO 4H2O (CH2COOH)2C(OH)COOH 6CH3CH2OH - Axit succinic duoc tao thanh co thdo 2con duong dehydrova trunghop2 phn tu axit axetic voi mt phn tu aldehyt axetic2CH3-COOH CH3CHOPF P COOHCH2CH2COOH C2H5OH b) S to thnh ancol cao phn tu Mttrongnhungsanphmphuquantrongduoctaothanhtrongquatrinh lnmenruou,lacacruoucosnguyntucacbon~2.Cacancolnaytuyit nhungnnlnvao cn etylic s gy anhhuongxu toi cht luong san phm. Dolacacancolpropylic,izobutilic,izoamylic.Hamluongcuachungvao BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy53 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN khoang0,40,5sovoicnetylicnhunggychosanphmmuihikho chiu.CacancolnaycotnchungladuIuselvavicomuihikhochiunn con goi la du khet. Nguynnhnhinh thanh duIusella donmmen su dungnito cua cac axit amin. Co ch tao thanh theo Erlix gm cac phan ung sau : - Du tin cac axit amin bi khu mt H2va tao imino axit :

R ChNh 2Coo hR CNhCoo h-2-AMi n o ax i t-mi n o a x i t -Tiptheoiminoaxitkthopvoinuocdtaothanhxetoaxitvagiaiphong NH3

R CNhCo o h+ 2o+ n h 3R C Co o h

-SaudoduoitacdungcuacacboxylazaxetoaxitbimtCO2vataothanh aldehyt R C Co o h

-Co 2R - c h o - Tip theo aldehyt co th bi khu d tao ra ancol: RCHO H2PF PCH2OH Hoc bi oxy hoa d tao ra cac axit tuong ung RCHO0,5 O2PF PRCOOH - Phuong trinh tng quat qua trinh tao thanh ancol cao phn tu duoc don gian theo phan ung :

R C Coo h+ 2oNh2Rc h2oh+nh3+c o2 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy54 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN - Du Iusel la hn hop cua nhiu ancol khac nhau nhung chu yu la izoamylic va izobutylic. Izoamylic duoc tao thanh tu izoloxin

3c3cCh-ch2-ch-cooh+h2o=(c h3)2ch-c h2ch2oh + nh3 + co2Nh2 - Con izobutylic duoc tao thanh tu izovalin

3c3cCh-ch -c ooh+h2o=(ch3)2ch-ch2o h + nh3 + co2Nh2 c) S to thnh esteSongsongvoivictaoraaxitvaancol,duoitacdungcuaenzymesteraza cuanmmen,cacaxitvaancolstacdunglnnhaudtaoranhungeste tuong ung. Co th vit duo dang tng quat sau : R1CH2OH R2COOHPF PR2COO - CH2 R1 H2O V.Cc yu t anh huong ti qu trnh ln men a) Anh huong cua nhit d Mi mt vi sinh vt du co nhit d ti uu cho su phat trin, nhit d ti uu la 28 - 320C. Nu nhit d ln men bt du thp thi thuong la ln men keo dai va han ch su phat trin cua tap khun. Thuong sau tu 810 gio, nhit d ln mentngdat300Cthithuonghoattinhcuacacnmmenbigiamnhanh. Nhung khi ln men o nhit d cao thi qua trinh ln men thuong lam tng nng d andehyt va lam giam tn tht CO2 D thi biu din anh huong cua nhit d va pH dn phat trin cua nmmen , va tap khun . BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy55 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Cung d sinh trung10 20 30 40 50 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 t0C pH b) S anh huong cua pH NngdionH

trongcanhtruonganhhuonglondnhoatdngcua nm men. Thuong lam tng hay giam muc d thm thu cua t bao. Dc trung muc d pH ti uu cua mi truong trong ln men ruou la 4,55,0. Dich duong co ngun gc tu tinh bt thi pH ti uu la 4,8 - 5,2. Trong qua trinh nhn men ging thuong giu pH o 3,84,0 d han ch su phat trin cua tap khun va cac nm men dai. Ngoai ra nguoi ta con hay su dung d chua d kim tra nng d pH, 10chua duoc biu din bng s ml NaOH 1N d trung hoa ht 20ml dich, 10chua - 2,45 g/lit ( tinh theo H2SO4) c) Nng d co cht Nu nng d dich duong qua cao s dn dn tng ap sut thm thu va lammt trang thai sinhly cuanmmenva kt qua lahamluong etylicnhiu s uc ch ca tap khun ca nm men. Nhung nu ham luong duong it s khng hiu qua kinh t trong san xut, lam giam nng sut cua thit bi, tn hoi trong san xut va tng tn tht cua cn ruou Nng d dich duong khoang 1618 ( cht kh )1516,5 duongln men 8,5C2H5OH trong dm chin BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy56 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN d) Anh huong cua mt s cht st trng Trong diu kin sanxut, duv sinh rt sach snhungvn phaidungmt s cht sat trung nhung voi ty l nho Vi du : CaCl2, Iormalin, Iluosilicatnatri Khi dung thi nng d khng vuot qua 0,02 so voi dich ln men Bang th hin anh huong cua mt s axit ti nm men AxitNng dThoigian lam tiu dit, gio Lam ngung sinh truongTiu dit men Mol/lMol/l Clohydric SunIuric Photphoric Axetic Lactic 0,14 0,39 0,30 0,75 0,90 0,038 0,039 0,031 0,125 0,100 0,72 1,30 2,00 3,00 3,00 0,195 0,132 0,204 0,500 0,333 0,46 2,04 1,28 1,25 1,27 e) Anh huong cua qu trnh sc kh Suckhidhoatanoxyvaodichduonggiupmenphattrinnhanhhon. Luong oxy chi cn trong qua trinh sinh khi g) Anh huong cua ngun nito b sung Do nguyn liu dung cho san xut cn cua nha may la sn vi vy ham luong protitrtit,vithnnluongnitotrongdichduongkhngdambaochoqua trinhlnmennnphaibsungnito(thuong30gnito/100mldich)scho phep rut ngn thoi gian ln men tu 84 xung 60 gio. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy57 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Kt qua nghin cuu vic b sung nito vao dich ln men Cac chi tiuMu kim chung khng b sung N Ngun nito tu (NH4 )2 SO4 (NH2 )2 CO Nng d cht kh dich duong, Duong khu tinh theo maltoza.g/100ml pH dich duong hoa pH gim chin Tng dc chua D kh biu kin gim chin Cht khu sot, Tinh bt sot, Nng d ruou trong gim chin , V Hiu sut ruou so voi ly thuyt, 16,5 4,09 5,26 4,55 0,31 -0,35 0,43 0,05 9,66 91,21 16,5 4,09 5,26 4,00 0,42 -0,40 0,34 0,046 9,78 92,35 16,5 4,09 5,26 4,93 0,12 -0,77 0,14 0,042 10,04 94,80 VI.Ccchitiuchtlungvphuongphpkimtrachtlungsan phm Hoatdngcuabphnlnmendndnktquachungcuattcagiai doancngnghtududnlnmenktthuc.Nhungsailmthiusotocac cngdoantruocdosduocphathinkhiphntichdyducacchitiucua gim chin ma quan trong hon ca la : d ln men, ham luong duong sot co kha nng ln men, d chua va nng d ruou . a) D ln men Dolanngdchthoatantrongdichlocgimchinduocbiudin theo theo d saccharometre ( mi d ung voi 1 khi luong ) Nguoi ta lai chia d ln men thanh 2 loai : ln men biu kin va thuc Dlnmenbiukin:donngddichlnmeno200Ctrongdiukin gim chin con CO2va ruouBAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy58 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Dlnmenthuc:donngddichkhiduihtruouvaCO2tronggim chin va thm nuoc ct toi khi luong ban du. D ln men biu kin dai din cho tt ca cac cht kh con lai trong gim chin Dlnmencangcaothidthunkhitsthpvanguoclai,voimiloai nguynliuvachdcngnghndinhthidlnmenitbindi,dln men cng la mt trong nhung chi tiu quan trong d danh gia hoat dng so b cua nha may. b) Dung st sau ln men Nhamaythuongxacdinhdduongsotbngcachchuntructipdichloc gim chin ri tu do suy ra luong duong sot chua trong 100ml dich gim chin. Phuongphapnaydongiannhungkhngdanhgiadungthucchtluong duong co kha nng ln men thanh ruou nhung lai con sot lai sau ln men c) D chua d|ch gim chn Trong qua trinh ln men ruou o diu kin binh thuong d chua chi tng 0,20 so voi truoc ln men, tuong duong voi 0,49 g axit sunIuric trong mt lit gimchin.Sutngnayladohoatdngsinhlyttyucuanmmen.Nu tngnhiulabiuhincuanhimkhunmachuyulavikhunlactic.D chuatngkhngchimtduongdotaoaxitmaconanhhuongtoihoatd amylaza . Thuc t cho bit nu d chua tng 10thi tn tht s vao khoang 2023 lit cn/ 1 tn tinh bt. d) Nng d ruu trong gim chnNngdruoutronggimchincaohaythpphuthucdichchaonu dc hay long va kt qua cua cac giai doan cng ngh nu , duong hoa va ln men. Tuy theo diu kin cng ngh va thit bi , binh thuong hiu sut ln men phai dat 9094 sovoiluong tinh btduavaonu.Cacnhamayruou dat hiusutlnmen8085,noicaonhtla90.Nngdruoutronggim giao dngtronggioihan kha lon, tu 69,5V. Da s cac nhamay chi dat 6 -BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy59 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 7,5.Mtsnhamaydatdruoutrungbinh9nhungrtkhacnhauv hiu sut ln men cng nhu tng thu hi.

VII. Cc dim kim sot trng dim. Cngdoannaylamt trong 3 CCPvi o dy co thnhim tapkhunln men khng tt sinh ra nhiu ruou bc cao anh huong dn cht luong dich dm va cht luong ruou cng nhu hiu sut thu hi. Trongsutquatrinhlnmenthuongxuynkimtracacthngscua quatrinh,ddambaochoquatrinhlnmendathiuquatt,taidococac dim trong dim bt buc d qua trinh ln men khng bi anh huong. - Kim tra nhit d ln men : nhit d ln men thun loi la 28320C. Nhung trongquatrinhlnmenxayracacphanungsinhhoalamtngnhitdcua dich, lam cho hoat tinh cua nm men bi giam, tao diu kin cho cac vi sinh vt hoangdaiphattrindngthoitngandehit,giamhiusutthuhiruou,vi vyphaikhngchnhitdomucchophep.nhamaynay,cactankln menkhngdvuotquanhitd350C.Nunhitdtngdnngungnay phaiphunnuocmatbnngoaitankdgiamnhitdxung.Nunhitd giamchmnuathidngthoicaphunnuockthopvoimonptankcho CO2thoat ra d giam nhit d xung. - Kim tra d duong giam : Cu sau 6 gio lai tin hanh do d duong. D duong giamnhanhtrongngaythu2.Lucdduonggiamnhanhgiamkhoang50Bx sau mi ln do - Kim tra mu dich ln men : Kim tra v ham luong cn va d chua VIII.Cc s c thung g}p v phuong php khc phcTrongquatrinhlnmendilucgpphainhungsuckhngmong mun. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy60 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN - Nhit d ln men qua ngung cho phep phai khc phuc bng cach phun nuoc mat bn ngoai tank hoc dng thoi mo np tank- D duong giam chm hon binh thuong hay qua trinh lnmen bi tri tr, phai kimtramtdnmmen,khuydaodichdtngsusinhsannaychicua nm men - Di luc co th do v sinh thit bi chua dat yu cu hoc trong qua trinh vao dich so sut lam men dai va tap khun co co hi phat trin anh huong dn qua trinh ln men, cht luong dich ln men kem vi vy phai b sung 1 s cht sat trung. CHUAC IJ : 1IM HIEU QUA 1RIAH HOAA 1HI(A $A PHM Cng ty khng co qua trinh chit rot san phm ma chi loc va chung luyn sau do cho vao b phn chua va xut di I.Qu trnh lc d|ch Saukhiquatrinhlnmenktthuc,tinhanhthikhivaotanklnmen (tacdungnhucanhkhuy)ddaotrndugiuadichvabribomxung may loc khung ban d tin hanh loc dich.May loc khung ban co cu tao nhu hinh v :BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy61 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN 123456789 Chu thich :1. Duong dich gim vao2. Dng h do ap luc 3. May bom dich 4. Khungban 5. Vit ep khung ban 6. Dich trong ra 7. Dich trong chay vao thung chua 8. Mang hung 9. Chn may loc Vi lac Chn my Thn my B phn p thy luc Van n-c Khung lac Khung BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy62 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN - Nguyn tclamvic cuamayloc khungban: Mayloc khung ban bao gm cac khung va ban duoc ngn voi nhau bng cac tm giy loc phu ca 2 phia cua ban.Dichgimchinduocbomvaomaylocnhomaybomvadivaoduong ngdndichvoiapsutP34atm,theongdndntungkhung,nuoc thm qua vai loc, chay sang ban loc, theo cac rnh doc xung duoi, cn duoc giulaitrongkhunggiua2lopvailocsaukhicackhungvabanduocepsat nhau.Khicndytrongkhungphaitinhanhthaobbngcachnoivitep, cac khung gin ra, gat b xung duoi. B ruou duoc dong vao tung bao bi va nhpchonhamaychbinthucngiasuc.Vailocduocthaorademgit sach va hong kh d ln sau su dung tip. - Uu dim cua may loc : B mt loc lon Dich loc trong Tm d co th thay th d dang Loc duoc cac cn bn Khng cn co chuyn mn cao - Nhuoc dim : Cn nhiu thoi gian v sinh Phai thay th tm d theo chu ky Phai thao khung ban khi cn giam ap sut - An toan khi su dung : Cac tm giy loc phai duoc lp dung chiu : b mt nhn duoc lp v phia khung, b mt phng duoc lp v phia ban. Tn loc dt khng dung huong co nguy co gy ra hin tuong giam hiu sut loc do thiu d xp dn dn may loc tc Chu y su cn di cua may loc . Dichloctrongmtphnduocbomlntankchuavamtphnbomrab chua phia ngoai d tin hanh dem di chung ct BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy63 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN II.Qu trnh chung ct v tinh ch cn Chungctlaquatrinhtachruouvacactapchtdbayhoikhoigim chin. Kt qua ta nhn duoc ruou th hoc ruou cn. Tinh ch hay tinh luyn la qua trinh tach tap cht khoi cn th va nng caonngdcn,sanphmthuduoclacntinhchhaycnthucphmco nng d 9596 ( chua it tap cht ) Cn th co nng d 5060 1. L thuyt v chung ct cn Tronggimchinbaogmcacchtdbayhoinhuruou,este,andehit, ancol co s nguyn tu C ~ 2 goi la du Iusel (du khet ) Ngoaicacchtktrn,tronggimchinconchua1schtkhacnhu tinhbt,cacdextrin,cacaxithuucovamtschtkhoangnhungvoitil nho. Vi vy trong dich loc gim chin chi con 2 thanh phn chinh la ruou etylic va nuoc, goi la hn hop co 2 cu tu chinh. 2. L thuyt v tinh ch cn Cn th nhn duoc sau khi chung ct con chua rt nhiu tap cht ( trn 50 cht ) co cu tao va tinh cht khac nhau nhu la andehit, cac este, cac ancol cao phn tu va cac axit huu co nhung yu cu ham luong chung cua cac cht khngvuotqua0,5sovoikhiluongcnetylic.Cacancolcaophntuchu yu la ancol metylic va ancol izobutylic phu thuc vao nguyn liu. Phn loai tap cht trong cn chia lam 3 loai : tap cht du, tap cht trung gian va tap cht cui. Vi tinh cht cua tap cht duoc thay di tuy theo nng d cn trong thap. Tap cht du : dy la nhung tap cht d bay hoi hon etylic va co th o nng d bt ky gm co andehit axetic, cac axetat, cac axetat metyl, cac cac Iormiat etyl, andehit butyric. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy64 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Tap cht cui : la nhung cht kho bay hoi hon, cu th la cac ancol cao phn tuhayancolmetylicvataikhuvucconngdcaocuaetylicthidbayhoi kem hon etylic. Tap cht trung gian : vua co tinh cht cua tap cht du vua co tinh cht cua tap cht cui, onng d etylic cao thinola tap cht cui,nunng d etylic thp thi no la tap cht du. -Goi A la khi luong trong ruou pha hoi-Goi a la khi luong trong ruou pha long -Ta co : KraA la h s bay hoi cua ruou -Goi B la khi luong tap cht pha hoi -Goi b la khi luong tap cht pha long -Ta co : Ktc bB la h s bay hoi cua tap cht -Ta co h s tinh ch duoc tinh : Krtc D danh gia d bay hoi tuong di cua tap cht so voi ruou o ca 2 pha long va pha hoi ta co dai luong la h s tinh ch K Nu K ~ 1 thi trong hoi chua nhiu tap cht ( tap cht du ) Nu K 1 thi trong hoi chua nhiu tap cht ( tap cht trung gian ) Nu K 1 thi trong hoi chua nhiu tap cht ( tap cht cui ) H s tinh ch cho ta du doan s b khoang khng gian chua nhiu tap cht trong thap nhung khng xac dinh vi tri ly tap cht mt cach cu th. 3 .Thc t chung ct v tinh ch cn o nh my nha may ruou Trung Kin su dung phuong phap chung luyn 4 thap vua gian tip vua truc tip hai dong. So d va cach chung luyn th hin nhu sau BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy65 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Gim chnB ruouRuou fuselV 8.i du fuselNuc thi.iV thp tinhTrn da tip liuCn sn phmCn du vinh (8)123456 6777891011121314Cn du1109 So d chung 4 thap Chu thich : 1. Thung chua gim 2. Binh hm gim 3. Binh tach CO24. Thap th 5. Binh chng phut gim 6. Binh ngung tu cn th 7. Binh lam lanh rut ga8. Thap andehit 9. 10. Binh ngung tu 11. Thap tinh ch 12. Binh ngung tu hi luu 13. Thap lam sach 14. Binh lam lanh san phm So d duoc thuc hin nhu sau : Ln men xong gim chin duoc bom ln thungcaovi1,saudotuchayvaobinhhmgim2.dygimchinduoc hmnongbnghoiruoungungtudnnhitd70-800Crichayquabinh tach CO2s 3 ri vao thap 4. Khi CO2 va hoi ruou bay ln duoc ngung tu o 6 BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy66 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN qua 7 ri ra ngoai. Thap th duoc dun bng hoi truc tip, hoi ruou tu duoi di ln,gimchaytutrnxungnhodoquatrinhchuynkhiduocthuchin, sau do hoi ruou ra khoi thap duoc ngung tu o 2 va 6 ri qua 7 ra ngoai. Chay xung toi day nng d ruou trong gim con khoang 0,0150,030 V duoc thai ra ngoai goi la b ruou. Mun kim tra ruou sot trong b phai ngung tu o danghoi cn bngvoiphalong.Hoingung tu conngd 0,40,6la dat yu cu ( khoang 1015 ln lon hon so voi th long ). Nhit d day thap th la 103 - 1050C, nhit d dinh 86 - 900C. Phn lon ruou th ( 9095 ) lin tuc di vao thap andehit s 8. Thap nay cng dung hoi truc tip, hoi ruou bay ln duoc ngung tu vao hi luu dn 95 , chi diu chinh luong nuoc lam lanh va ly ra khoang 35 goi la cn du(haycnyt).Mtphnruouth510o6hiluuvaodinhthap andehit vi chua nhiu tap cht. Nhit d day thap andehit 85 - 900C. Nhit d dinh la 78790C Saukhitachbottapcht,ruouthtudayandehits8lintucdivao thap tinh 11 voi nng d 3545 V. Thap tinh ch 11 cng duoc cp nhit bnghoi truc tip,hoi bayln duocnngdnnng d sau dongung tu o12 rihiluulai thap. Mt phnhoiruou th o dinh 4 ( theo duongnet dut )d cpnhitchodaythaotinh.Nhitddaythaptinhkhoang1030C,nhitd thn 82 - 830C, nhit d trn dinh 78,378,50C. Cn dang long tu thap tinh ch dua vao thap lam sach nhm loai bo tap cht duvatap cht cui. Cn du cho quaylai thap andehit, cn cui o day thaplamsachdivaotrndiatipliucuathaptinh.Nhitddaythaplam sachla 78,50C, nhit dthn khoang 79,8 - 800C. Cn thanh phmduocly ra o dang long cach dia hi luu tu trn xung khoang 3 dia duoc lam lanh o 14 ri vao thung chua va vao kho. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy67 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN -Uudimcuaphuongphapnaylatitkimduochoitrongquatrinh chung luyn va cht luong cn tt, n dinh. - Nhuoc dim : Doi hoi d tu dng hoa cao, chinh xac nu khng co th hoi o day thap tinh 11 s dy nguoc ln dinh thap 4 lam cho thapmt n dinh va cht luong cn kem. III. Cc yu t anh huong dn qu trnh lc v chung luyn cn -Trongquatrinhlocdich,yutthitbivanguoivnhanh quytdinhkha nngvatcddichloc.Nuthitbitt(vailoc,dngcott.),nguoivn hanhcokthutcao,cokinhnghimthiquatrinhlocdinranhanhvad dang.- Trong qua trinh chung ct, d cn co chtluong cao thidiu du tin phai kdnsuhindaicuathitbi,bncanhdolakinhnghimvatrinhddiu khin thit bi cua nguoi vn hanh, dam bao cung cp du nhit d, hoi cho thit bi,ngoairachtluongcuadichgimchincngquytdinhchtluongqua trinh chung ct. IV.Ccchitiuchtlungvphuongphpkimtrachtlungsan phm 1. Cc chi tiu cht lung -Chitiudanhgiaquatrinhlocdich:Dichsaukhilocphaitachduocpha rn, nghia la chi co phn nuoc nm trong do Phuong phap kim tra : Ly mu thu va tin hanh kim tra - Chi tiu danh gia qua trinh chung luyn : Hiu sut thu hi cn Ty l thu hi tung loai san phm : cn hao hang, loai I, II, cn du va du Iusel Cht luong san phm chinh Tiu hao cho mt don vi san phm khi ct, kg/l BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy68 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Hiu sut duocxemla tng s cac sanphmthu duoc chia choluong ancol etylic chua trong gim chin dem chung luyn va biu din theo . Hiu sut nay phu thuc d kin cua thit bi, cac bin phap cng ngh nhm han ch ruou bay hoi va theo b ruou, nuoc thai. Hiu sut chung ct cua nha may nay khoang 90 . Ty l thu hi tung loai san phm la ty s giua luong san phm tung loai chiachotngsanphmthuduocvacngbiudintheo.Tylnayphu thuc vao rt nhiu yu t nhu cht luong nguyn liu dua vao san xut, muc d tin tin cua h thng chung luyn, muc d v trung va diu kin ln men cng nhu yu cu v cht luong cn san phm. Tiuhaohoiphuthuctruochtvaonngdruoutronggimchin, mucdchtluongcuacnsanphm,sthapvamucdtintincuah thng cngnhuvtliu cachnhit. Tuy theo cacyu t ktrn, tiuhaohoi cho 1lit cn 960co th tu 57 kg.Tiuhaonuoc choh thngvao khoang 5080l/l cn. 2. Kim tra cht lung cn thnh phm cngtyruouTrungKin,saukhichungctxongcnthanhphm khngtinhanhkimtracacchitiuvruouthanhphmnhu:hamluong axit este trong cn,hamluong andehytvaancol cao phntu .ma chi kim tra nng d ruou ly ra o thap tinh nu dt 96o thi ly ra con khng dt thi hi luu tro lai thap. V.Cc dim kim sot trng dim -Kimsoatquatrinhlocdichgimchin:Kimtrathngs apsutdhan ch qua trinh tc dich, dich bi phun trao. -Kimsoatquatrinhchungct:Kimtravadambaocacvungnhitdo daythap,thnthapvadinhthapdquatrinhchungcthoatdngbinh thuong. Vi dy la dim co th lam gian doan qua trinh chung ct. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy69 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Trongquatrinhchungctcncungcpnitndinhtranhhintuongxc ruou. Do lahin tuong day thap an thap tinhva thaplam sach bi rng se anh huong rt lon dn cht luong cn thanh phm. Qua trinh chung ct chinh la dim CCP thu 3 trong san xut ruou cn vi o dy no quyt dinh cht luong cua ruou cn nht.VI.Cc s c thung g}p v phung php khc phc - Trongqua trinhloc dovnhanh cuanguoi cngnhn, thinh thoanglai gp mt s su c nhu : Maylocbitcdovsinhlnloctruockhngsach,hocdolplopvai loc chua dung tiu chun. Quatrinhlocchuaepchohtdichtrongchayravivykhithaobco phn dich trong bi chayxung theo b nhiu, luc do phai thulai dich tu duoi nn ln Do vn hanh vit ep ma thinh thoang dich bi phun trao ra ngoai, luc do phai vn vit nguoc tro lai -Trongquatrinhchungctitkhixayrasucvkthut.Dohthng chung ct cua nha may moi di vao hoat dng nn may moc hoat dng con tt, honnuakhiluongsanxutcuanhamayconnho(hoatdngtheoyucu khach hang ), nn may moc chua bi qua tai.Noi chung la hoat dng tuong di n dinh. Nukhngchuyquansatnhitdtinhhinhcpnhitthiseanhhuongdn cht luong cua ruou rt lon. Vi du nhu nhit d o thap tinh qua cao se dn dn day thap tinh rng cht luong cn ra se khng dt yu cu. Luong cn du ly raphaidutheochukykoduocnhiuquakhngduocitqua.Viodyh thngtudnghoachuacaonnvnconconguoidiuchinhnhitd ocac dim c dinh. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy70 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Agoi ra cn c qu trnh tng tr hm cha cn thnh phm d n dnh cht lung cn. cng don ny khng c g l phc tp ch vic bom cn thnh phm sau lc xung hm cha 1 thi gian nht dnh. PHAN III. TONG KET SauthoigianthuctptaiCngTyTNHHruouHoaQuaTrungKin em d rut ra nhung kt lun chinh sau : 1. V qu trnh hnh thnh v b my quan l cng ty Cngtymoidivaohoatdngtunm2007dodolichsuhinhthanh khng co nhiu vn d tim hiu, b may quan ly cng ty cng khng th hin duoc r, vi th em chi tim hiu duoc cac yu t cng ngh cua cng ty. 2. Quy trnh san xut cua cng ty - Quy trinh san xut ruou cn cua cng ty tuong di hoat dng dung theo yu cu cng ngh chung o tung qua trinh va tung cng doan. Nguyn liu sn lat duocnghin,phitrn,nuchinvaduonghoaricholnmensaudoduoc locva demdi chung ct. mi qua trinhdu dambao cac thng s k thut phu hop, co cac dim kim soat cac qua trinh. -Qua trinh san xut lun dam bao d an toan cao, cu th o mi phn xuong co dt cac binh chua chay, nhung ni quy quy dinh nhung diu bt buc cng, nhn vin thuc hin nghim tuc. 3. Thit b| san xut cua cng ty H thngnghinnguynliu,ni phi trn,ninu, gianlammatva thap chung ct cua cng ty tuong di hin dai, hoat dng n dinh. Nhung noi chung vn con thu cng o nhiu qua trinh nhu : -Nghin khng coxilo duanguynliuvaomayma phainguoi cng nhn phai mang nguyn liu d vao may.BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy71 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN -Quatrinhlocphuthucnhiuvaokinhnghimvnhanhcuanguoicngnhn, moi thao tac thao lp, v sinh. toan thu cng -CactanklnmenkhngcohthngCIPvsinhmasaumilnsudung nguoi phai mo np thung vao trong v sinh bng tay chn. Cac thit bi san xut cua cng ty : Thu tuThit biS luong 1May nghin sn1 2Ni phi trn1 3Ni nu2 4Gian lam mat1 5Tank ln men8 6May loc khung ban1 7Thap chung ct4 4. Nng lc lao dng cua cng ty Do cng ty con san xut nho nn luc luong nhn cng cua nha may rt mong,theothoivu,khngcdinh.Duvynhungthaidlamviccuacac chu, cac anh nhn vin rt nhit tinh va co trach nhim voi cng vic. 5. Vic su dng bao h lao dng cua cng ty Vi trong san xut cn khng co nhiu nguy him nhu o mt s nha may san xut cac san phm khacvi thvn d baohlao dng khngdoihoinghim ngt, tuy nhin vn d bao h lao dng vn phai duoc dap ung.cng ty nay, nhnvinchuyulamtheothoivuvasluongit,lamkhngchuynomt cng doan nao ca nn su dung bao h lao dng chi tuc thoi hoc bc phat. Vi dukhinghinnguynliumoideokhutrang,khithaobruouvavsinh thit bi moi di ung. 6. B tr m}t bng v dung di li trong cng tyBAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy72 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN -Noi chungmt bng cua nha may duoc b tri tuong di hop ly. Mt bn la kho chua nguyn liu va may nghin, ni phi trn. Mt khu nha chi b tri cac thap chung ct va khu ln men co chua ni nu, gian lam mat, may loc khung ban-Khu lo hoi va nha v sinh duoc b tri phia cui nha may-Duong di lai trong cng ty tuong di rng ri thoai mai 7. V sinh nh xuong Vic v sinh nha xuong cua cng ty cng duoc thuc hin thuong xuyn saumicngdoan.Tuynhinokhulnmenvalocnnnhakhng duoclat gachcung(gachkhngthmnuoc)mannnhalchsutme,bn,thm nuoc, v sinh may loc, vai loc con bn chua dat yu cu. 8. Xu l cht thai Cac cht thai phat sinh trong qua trinh san xut ruou cn STTNgun phat thaiTac nhn gy nhimTac dng dn mitruong 1Nghin nguyn liuBui nguyn liu nhim khng khi 2 Nu, duong hoa Ni hoi Rua ni nu SO2, CO, NO2, bui, nhit Nuoc thai chua cht huu co, cht rn lo lung nhim khng khi nhim nuoc 3Rua thit biNuoc thai nhim nuoc 4May lanhNH3 ro ri nhim khng khi 5 Ln men Rua thit bi CO2, nhit d thp Nuoc thai chua cht huu co, nm men. nhim khng khi nhim nuoc 6 LocRua thit bi B ruou Nuoc thai chua trong b nhim nuoc nhim nuoc 7Rua tankGim tht thoat nhim nuoc 8V sinh cng nghipNuoc thai nhim nuoc 9Xu ly nuoc thaiNuoc thai, bun thai nhim nuoc 10 Cht thai sinh hoatRac thai Nuoc thai nhim khng khi nhim nuoc BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy73 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN Vic han ch cac cht thai tu san xut cua cng ty khng duoc d y dn lm Cngtydangxydunghthngxulychtthaiophiatruocnhamay d xu ly toan b luong nuoc thai ra. Tuy nhin tu truoc toi gio nuoc thai cua cng ty vn dang thai ra cng ngm. Theo quan sat cua em, phia bn phai nha maycomththngduongngngm,bncanhlamuongnuocmauden trng rt nhim. - Cng tynn quan tmva du tunhiuhon cho cac phongthinghimd co duoccacmaymocthitbihindaiphucvuchovickimtrachtluong nguynliu duvao, cac thng s, cac chi tiu choruou thanhphm,va cho viccamquan.Vitheotinhhinhthuctthicngtychuacomtphongthi nghim cam quan theo dung nghia. - Cng ty cn co cac bin phap xu ly cht thai tt hon. BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy74 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN KET LUAN CHUNG Nhungvndemtrinhbayotrnlaquatrinhthuct,khaosattrongthoi gianthuctptainhamayruouhoaquaTrungKin.Vithoigianthuctp ngn, kin thuc cua em con han ch nn vn chua dap ung dy du nhung yu cu cua c giao. Bai bao cao cua em chc chn con nhiu han ch va thiu sot, vi vy em rt mong nhn duoc nhiu y kin dong gop tu c giao cung cac ban. Duocsuhuongdncuacvasugiupdocuacanbcngtycungcacchu cng nhn em d hoan thanh tt dot thuc tp cua minh. Chn thanh cam on c cung cac chu cng nhn trong cng ty. . TI LIJU THM KHAO 1. Giao trinh cngngh sanxut ruou cn etylic cua PGS. TS Nguyn Dinh Thuong va TS Nguyn Thanh HngNha xut ban khoa hoc k thut 2.GiaotrinhkhoahoccngnghmaltvabiacuaGS.TSNguynThi HinTh S L Thi Lan Chi, Nguyn Tin Thanh, L Vit ThngNha xut ban khoa hoc va k thut 3.GiaotrinhnmmencngnghipcuaLuongDucPhmNhaxut ban khoa hoc va k thut 4. Cac webside BAO CAO THUC TAP 5:KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAC SP LN MEN SVTT:Trn Thi Thuy75 GVHD: NGUYN THI HIEN NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIN HUONG DN .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................