CHNG 1. S lc v cc h iu hnh

TNG QUAN V TI

H iu hnh l chng trnh chy trn h thng my tnh, qun l cc ti nguyn trn my tnh v l mi trng cho cc chng trnh ng dng chy trn n. Ngy nay, khi nim h iu hnh khng ch l trn my vi tnh m cn c m rng cho nhiu thit b in t khc chng hn nh in thoi thng minh (smart phone), cc thit b cm tay PDA....v.v Nh vy h iu hnh di ng l h iu hnh chy trn h thng my c tnh di ng cao. Vi c th , h iu hnh di ng phi c nhng kh nng c bit m nhng h iu hnh thng thng khng c c. Chn hn nh n phi chy trn h thng my c cu hnh my hn ch v tc b vi x l, b nh s dng, phi chy c n nh lin tc trong mt thi gian di m ch s dng mt lng in nng nh, trong sut thi gian chy c th duy tr cc kt ni mng khng dy m bo vic lin lc. Mt s h iu hnh tiu biu : o Trn my tnh c nhn : MS DOS, MS WINDOW, MACOS, LINUX, UNIX, o Trn in thoi thng minh : Android, Sybian, Window Mobile, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, S60, Bada OS, Palm OS. Ngoi ra cn c cc h iu hnh chy trn mainframe, server, th chp, ... 1) Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh Qun l chia s ti nguyn.Ti nguyn y l bao gm: o Ti nguyn phn cng (CPU, B nh, cc thit b IO) o Ti nguyn phn mm (Cc file, chng trnh dng chung)

To lp mi trng o t ph thuc vo phn cng cc phn mm ng dng hot ng, phc v ngi dng. 2) Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh Thnh phn qun l tin trnh Thnh phn qun l b nh Thnh phn qun l nhp xut Thnh phn qun l tp tin Thnh phn bo v h thng Thnh phn dch lnh Thnh phn qun l mng

3) Phn loi h iu hnh a. Theo loi thit b m h iu hnh hot ng H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame H iu hnh dnh cho my Server H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC) H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard) b. Theo s user v s chng trnh cng hot ng H iu hnh n nhim mt ngi dng H iu hnh a nhim mt ngi dng H iu hnh a nhim nhiu ngi dng c. Theo gc ngi dng Mt ngi dng Nhiu ngi dng(Mng ngang hng, mng c my ch) d. Theo hnh thc x l H thng x l theo l H thng x l theo l a chng H thng chia s thi gian H thng song song H thng phn tn H thng x l thi gian thc

CHNG 2.

C S L THUYT

2.1

Gii thiu chung v hiu hnh win 7

Windows 7

Microsoft Windows 7 Win 7 c pht trin trn cng m li vi Windows Vista v Windows Server 2008. Ch 2 nm ngn ngi sau khi a ra Windows Vista, y khng phi l bn nng cp ln (n gin v khng c thi gian pht trin). Windows 7 trong mi quan h vi Windows Vista, tng t Windows 98 nng cp Windows 95. Nhng thay i trong Windows 7? Trc ht, n chnh sa nhiu th ca Vista m ngi dng khng thch. Tng thch tt hn hn vi phn cng v phn mm c, v thm ch c c Windows XP Mode (thc ra l my tnh o chy HH Windows XP) cho php bn chy cc ng dng thi XP. V User Account Control bt "th bo" hn. Ngoi ra, Windows 7 c mt vi thay i giao din nh nhng hay. Sidebar c loi b, gi bn c th t cc gadget ngay trn desktop. C mt ch Aero Peek mi cho php bn nhn pha sau tt c ca s ang m, cng nh cc tc v Aero Snap mi cho php bn d dng di chuyn v phng to ti a cc ca s.

Tuy nhin, thay i ln nht l thanh tc v, mt vng trn mn hnh c gii thiu u tin trong Windows 95. Thanh tc v mi trong Windows 7 cho php bn t c cc ca s ang m cng vi ng dng v ti liu a thch. Thanh tc v mi cao hn mt cht v hin th cc nt nh hn ch c biu tng. Nhn phi mt nt trn thanh tc v v gi bn thy danh sch cc ti liu m gn y cng cc tc v hu ch; r chut trn nt i din ng dng ang m v bn nhn thy hnh thu nh tt c ti liu ang m. N thay i cch thc bn lm vic, theo cch tt hn. 2.2 Cu Trc Ca Win 7

2.3

Phn Tch Chc Nng:

- Qun l tin trnh C th coi tin trnh l mt chng trnh ang hot ng. Khi thc hin tin trnh i hi mt s ti nguyn nht nh nh: CPU, b nh, cc thit b,Cc ti nguyn ny s c cp pht cho tin trnh vo nhng thi im cn thit v c thu hi khi tin trnh kt thc Khi tin trnh ang hot ng trong h thng c th pht sinh cc tin trnh con Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l cc tin trnh: * m bo nhng iu kin ti thiu tin trnh c th thc thi * m bo nhng iu kin cho s hot ng song song ca nhiu tin trnh * To v xa cc tin trnh ca ngi s dng v h thng * To cc c ch ng b ha cc tin trnh * To cc c ch lin lc gia cc tin trnh * To cc c ch x l cc b tc - Qun l b nh trong B nh trong l thit b lu tr m CPU c th truy xut trc tip. Khi t chc mt chng trnh, sau khi bin dch chng trnh c chuyn sang ngn ng my v c cc a ch tng i. Khi thc hin, chng trnh np vo b nh, cc a ch tng i chuyn thnh a ch vt l xc nh CPU c th truy xut c trong qu trnh x l. Sau khi chng trnh hot ng xong, h thng cn gii phng cc a ch vt l cp pht. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l b nh trong * Cp pht v thu hi khng gian nh cho cc tin trnh. * Lu tr du vt nhng thnh phn ca b nh hin ang s dng v do tin trnh no s dng. * Quyt nh tin trnh no c np vo b nh khi c kh nng. * Sp xp v gii phng khng gian nh cn thit. - Qun l b nh ngoi Cc h thng bt buc phi s dng b nh ngoi (a t, bng t,) lu tr cc chng trnh hoc d liu. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l b nh ngoi * Qun l khng gian nh t do trn b nh ngoi. * Cp pht khng gian nh t do. * Cung cp cc kh nng nh v b nh ngoi. * Lp lch cho b nh ngoi.

- Qun l h thng nhp/xut H thng iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b bng cch gi cc lnh iu khin ti thit b v tip nhn, x l cc tn hiu ngt, x l li,Do cn phi che du cc chi tit phn cng c th i vi ngi dng v cung cp mt giao din n gin, c lp gia cc thit b v h thng. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l h thng nhp/xut: * Che du c th ca cc thit b nhp/xut. * To lp cc chng trnh qun l v iu khin thit b. - Qun l file Khi lu tr thng tin trn b nh ngoi, mi thit b lu tr s c nhng c tnh vt l khc nhau. to iu kin thun li trong cng tc lu tr v qun l thng tin, h iu hnh s dng mt n v lu tr ng nht trn tt c cc thit b lu tr gi l file. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l File * To v xa file/th mc * H tr cc nguyn l thao tc file/th mc * nh x cc file ln b nh ph. * Ghi d phng cc file ln b nh n nh. - Qun l bo v h thng H iu hnh c xy dng cc c ch bo v, cho php c t s kim sot v chin lc bo v thch hp,khi cho php nhiu ngi s dng ng thi, cc tin trnh song hnh cn phi c bo v trnh xm phm, gy sai lch ton h thng. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l bo v h thng * Gip h thng hot ng bnh thng * Bo v ti nguyn s dng chung. * Pht hin v ngn chn kh nng sai st ca cc tin trnh Windows 7 c th c coi l bc u hon thin nhng tnh nng bo mt cao cp ca dng h iu hnh Windows, sau nhng tnh nng c bn ca XP, nhng th nghim mi ca Vista. Bi vit ny lit k, gii thiu nhng g m Microsoft k vng s lm mi ngi thay i ci nhn v an ton trn Windows. Qua bi vit ngi c cng s lm quen vi mt s thut ng mi trong h thng phn phi Windows v khng phi tt c nhng phin bn Windows 7 u c cc c tnh bo mt nh nhau. C th nhng bn c thng xuyn ca blog ny hoc quen thuc vi cc h iu hnh ngun m s thy ngc nhin v nhiu im tng ng gia cc cng ngh mi ca M$ c gii thiu y vi nhng g c Ubuntu/RedHat/Asianux t rt lu. C th s c vi bi vit phn tch v nhng im tng ng ny trong tng lai.

1. AppLocker AppLocker l gii php mi ca Microsoft iu khin cc ng dng c th qun l c (cn gi l qun l theo dng whitelisting). AppLocker c tch hp trc tip vo nhn ca Windows 7, c xem nh l mt thay th vt tri hn cho c ch chnh sch gii hn phn mm da trn GPO (Group Policy Objects) cn gi l SRPs (Software Restriction Policies). AppLocker b sung thm nhiu policy qun l phn mm linh hot hn. Cc tnh nng iu khin ng dng ca AppLocker ch c tch hp trong cc stock-keeping unit (SKU) [1] Windows 7 Enterprise. Phin bn Enterprise ch gii hn cho nhng ngi dng ng k Enterprise Agreement/Software Assurance (EA/SA). Tuy nhin, c ch SRPs cung cp kh nng qun l ng dng c hn ph bin trn Windows XP v Vista th c sn trong tt c cc phin bn enterprise, business v Ultimate ca Windows 7, Vista, XP (Cc phin bn Home mc nh khng cho chnh sa GPO). Hin ti AppLocker khng thay th hon ton cho SRPs, m ngi dng c th s dng c hai trn cng mt my. 2. User Account Control User Account Control (UAC) khng phi l mt k thut hay ng dng ring r m l mt tp hp ca nhng cng ngh nhm phc v cho hai chc nng chnh th nht v quan trng nht l tng cng kh nng tng thch cho user khi chy ng dng vi t cch standard user, v th hai l tng cng kh nng bo v cho h thng khi user chy ng dng vi t cch administrator. Tt c cc phin bn Windows 7 u c tch hp UAC. 3. BitLocker BitLocker c M$ a ra p ng nhu cu full disk encryption (FDE) nhm bo v cc file h thng v d liu ngi dng. Thng qua vic mt m ha ni dung ca phn vng a, ni dung s c bo v khi nhng truy cp tri php. BitLocker c gii thiu ln u trong Windows Vista v c ci tin kh nhiu trong Win 7. BitLocker ch c vi cc Enterprise SKU ca Windows 7, gii hn cho ngi dng ng k EA/SA. Cc policy cho BitLocker c qun l qua GPO.

4. BitLocker To Go c pht trin trong cng nhm sn phm vi BitLocker, v chia s nhiu m ngun ging nhau, BitLocker To Go l gii php ca M$ cho nhu cu mt m ha nhng thit b lu tr di ng. BitLocker To Go ra i nhm khc phc nhng hn ch quan trng ca phin bn BitLocker trn Windows Vista. BitLocker To Go ch c trn Enterprise SKU ca Windows 7. Nhng policy ca n cng c iu khin thng qua GPO. 5. Internet Explorer 8 Security IE 8 tip tc cuc cch mng trnh duyt ca M$ vi im nhn v h tr nhng tiu chun Internet. IE8 c xy dng trn nhng nn tng bo mt trin khai trong IE7. Tt c cc phin bn ca Windows 7 u c sn IE8. IE8 cng c sn cho Vista, XP SP2. 6. DirectAccess DirectAccess (DA) l gii php VPN cho php ngi dng t xa c th truy cp nhng ti nguyn mng ni b mt cch trong sut. C khi nim tng ng vi gii php Server and Domain Isolation (SDI c trin khai di nhiu dng khc nhau t Windows Server 2000, cho php nhng kt ni c xc thc t my ch n my ch vo trong mng ni b ca mt t chc), DA m rng khi nim ny to ra nhng kt ni tin cy n ngi dng nhng mng t xa (nh mng cng cng hay nh hoc mng ca t chc khc). DA tn dng kh nng ca IPSec v IPv6 c sn trong Windows 7 thit lp cc phin lm vic an ton (c th ty chn cc c ch ESP, AH v m ha payload trong IPSec) bo v knh truy cp vo ti nguyn ca t chc t nhng mng khng qun l c. DA ch c sn trong Enterprise SKU ca Windows 7 v phin bn Ultimate. Cc policy cho DA c qun l qua GPO. Ngoi ra trin khai DA cn c 1 DA server vng bin ca mng ni b, chy Windows Server 2008 R2 hay mi hn, join vo AD domain. 7. Windows Services Hardening c gii thiu ln u Windows Vista, Windows Services Hardening (WSH) cho php trin khai c ch Access Control Lists (ACLs) trn nhng services ca

Windows. V c bn, cc nh pht trin c th lit k nhng hnh ng c th no ca cc dch v trn Windows c tng tc vi nhng i tng c th no ca mc h iu hnh trn Widnows (c ch Whitelisting). y l mt cng ngh bo mt rt mnh, bo v h thng khi nhng xm nhp nhm vo cc l hng c th c nhng vo trong nhng dch v ca h iu hnh. Tt c cc SKU ca Windows 7 u c WSH. WSH khng c qun l qua GPO m thay vo l qua registry v cc thit lp cu hnh ca tng my. C ch ny c bt mc nh cho cc dch v ca Windows. 8. Windows Firewall Windows Firewall l tng la c nhn hai chiu ca M$ c tch hp cho Windows 7. Cng ging nh nhiu cng ngh bo mt khc trong Windows 7, firewall 2 chiu c gii thiu ln u vi Windows Vista, cng vi nn tng th v Windows filtering. V mt chc nng, Windows Firewall gi nguyn vi Windows 7. Tuy nhin v mt cu trc, c mt s thay i trong nn tng Windows filter xy dng firewall. Nn tng c thit k li tr nn theo module (modular) nhiu hn. Tt c cc phin bn Windows 7 u c Windows Firewall. Cc policy ca n c iu khin qua GPO. 9. ASLR, DEP and Safe Unlinking Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) v c bn l k thut lm ngu nhin ha cc bng li gi h thng (system call) cho mi h thng Windows Vista lc khi ng, to mt nhn t pht sinh a dng, khc nhau trn cc h thng ging nhau. Bng cch ny, mt on m tn cng vo mt offset b nh nht nh s c th c hiu qu trn mt my nhng tht bi trn mt my khc ging y ht. Nh vy i hi nhng tay vit m c phi dng cch tn cng brute force hoc khng nhm n offset b nh na, c hai cch s gy kh khn cho cc hacker. Data Execution Prevention (DEP) s dng s h tr ca phn cng t cc b vi x l Intel v AMD loi b cc cuc tn cng chn m vo vng nh (memory injection). DEP dng phn cng p dng mt lut Khng thc thi m t nhng vng trong b nh c nh du l dnh cho d liu. Lut ny ngn chn mt t l ln cc cuc tn cng chn m vo vng nh (chng hn tn cng trn b m).

M$ cng thm vo k thut Safe Unlinking Windows 7, c chc nng bo v tng t nh DEP nhng mc nhn h iu hnh. Safe Unlinking l mt on m mc kernel h tr cho vic cp pht v thu hi cc vng nh c thc hin bi Windows 7 kernel. Safe Unlinking thc hin mt lot cc kim tra trc khi b nh c thu hi m bo l hacker khng c gng xm nhp vo h iu hnh bng cch c gi l pool overrun (tng t nh buffer overflow, nhng mc kernel). Tt c cc phin bn ca Windows 7 u c sn ASLR, DEP v Safe Unlinking. 10. USB Device Control H tr c ch iu khin cc thit b kt ni qua cng USB da trn policy, bao gm ngn truy cp, cho php truy cp c v ghi. C ch iu khin thit b USB c tch hp trong tt c cc phin bn ca Windows 7, c qun l thng qua GPO. 11. Kernel Patch Protection & Signed Device Drivers vi Win 7 64-bit Kernel Patch Protection (KPP) [2] trc y c gi l PatchGuard l mt on m mc kernel dng bo v kernel Windows khng b k tn cng nh chn, thay i m ngun (hay cn gi l hook). KPP gim st xem nhng ti nguyn trng yu c kernel s dng hay chnh m ngun ca kernel c b thay i khng. Nu pht hin ra mt thay i tri php vo nhng cu trc d liu hoc m ngun nht nh, h iu hnh s pht lnh tt ton b h thng. C ch ny gip ngn chn mt s phn mm xu nh key logger, nhng ng thi cng c th gy cn tr vi nhng phn mm bo mt hp l can thip vo kernel gim st cc hot ng mc kernel ca Windows. V nhng driver thit b c ti vo kernel mode c ton quyn truy cp h thng nn M$ gii hn li kh nng cho php user ti nhng driver thit b khng r rng vo h iu hnh. Cc driver gi y bt buc phi c digitally sign. Tt c cc phin bn 64 bit ca Windows 7 u c tch hp KPP v yu cu device driver c chng nhn (cng nh vi Windows Vista 64 bit, Windows Server 2003 64 bit R2 v mi hn). Cc phin bn 32 bit ca Windows 7 khng c chc nng ny. 12. Network Access Protection

Network Access Protection (NAP) l gii php iu khin truy cp vo ti nguyn mng da trn mt nhn dng ca my client tun theo chnh sch an ton ca t chc.NAP cho php qun tr mng xc lp cc mc truy cp vo mng da trn client l ai, thuc nhm no, v mc tun th ca client vi chnh sch ca t chc. Nu mt client khng tha mn chnh sch, NAP cung cp c ch t ng thit lp li cho client p ng yu cu v sau tng mc truy cp vo mng cho client mt cch t ng. Nn tng ny c gii thiu u tin trong Windows Vista (sau l XP SP3) v v c bn khng thay i g trong Windows 7. Tt c cc phin bn business v enterprise ca Windows 7 (Home v Starter khng nm trong din ny) u c tch hp NAP client. 13. Windows Defender Windows Defender l cng c chng phn mm gin ip (Anti-Spyware) u tin c tch hp trong Windows Vista v gi nguyn vi Windows 7. C sn trong tt c cc phin bn ca Windows 7. 14. Domain Name Systems Security Extensions Support Domain Name Systems Security Extensions Support (DNSSEC) c nh ngha u tin vo nm 1999, b sung cc ch k in t da trn c ch mt m ha vo cc kt qu truy vn DNS, gip loi tr kh nng mt k tn cng chn vo cc kt qu gi mo. Tuy nhin DNSSEC khng ngn chn c tt c cc l hng lin quan n DNS (chng hn tn cng phishing hay lm dng s cho php trong ni b (authorized insider abuse)), v n i hi ton b nn tng DNS phi c nng cp v c kh nng to cng nh xc nhn ch k in t. Ring Windows 7, chng trnh DNS client c tch hp c th bo v giao tip mc cui (lasthop communication) gia client v DNS server, v n cng c kh nng kim tra server c cng nhn mt vng (zone) c k in t hay khng. Chc nng DNSSEC c h tr ln u trn Windows 7 v c sn cho tt c cc phin bn, gm c Home v Starter. i vi phin bn Enterprise, DNSSEC c iu khin thng qua GPO.

15. Windows Audit Windows Audit subsystem c gii thiu vi Windows Vista v c ci tin trong Windows 7. N cung cp c ch sng lc chi tit cc record ca tt c cc s kin trong Windows 7 trong mt audit log. C sn trong tt c cc SKU Windows 7 v Windows Server 2008. Audit policy ca Windows l mt phn ca Security Policy trong GPO v c qun l thng qua GPO. 16. Rights Management Services Client M$ tch hp mt chng trnh Rights Management Services (RMS) client vo Windows 7. RMS l cng ngh qun l giy php s ca M$ (Digital Rights Management DRM) ra i nm 2002. RMS client c gii thiu u tin trong Vista v gi nguyn vi Windows 7. Tt c cc phin bn business v enterprise ca Windows 7 u c tch hp. 17. Kt lun Nhn chung, M$ khng ngng y mnh cc tnh nng v bo mt cho h iu hnh chin lc ca mnh. Tuy nhin nhiu tnh nng ch c cho ngi dng Enterprise (c ng k EA/SA) nn khng phi mi ngi s dng Windows 7 u tip cn c vi cc cng ngh ny. Trong bi vit ti ta s i su hn 1 cht, phn tch mt s u, khuyt im chnh ca nhng cng ngh ny, xem tht s M$ bo v ngi s dng c n mc no. - Qun l mng Mng my tnh l mt tp hp cc my tnh c kt ni vi nhau bng mi trng truyn tin nhm mc ch cho php ngi s dng dng chung ti nguyn v phc v cng tc truyn thng. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l mng * H tr kh nng qun l, iu hnh h thng mng. * Chia s ti nguyn, truyn thng trn mng my tnh. Kt ni mng gia nh vi HomeGroup HomeGroup l mt tnh nng mi trong Windows 7, n to s kt ni gia cc my tnh trong gia nh. My tnh chy Windows 7 s t ng nhn din cc my khc. Nu nh HomeGroup c sn trong mng gia nh, bn c th kt ni vo HomeGroup bng cch nhp mt khu ca HomeGroup. Nu nh khng c

HomeGroup no tn ti, bn c th to n. Sau khi HomeGroup c thit lp, s chia s tp tin gia cc my tnh khc nhau trong gia nh v cc thit b bn ngoi s d dng hn khi tt c d liu ca bn nm trong mt cng, to s d dng lu tr nh s trn my tnh v d dng truy cp nhng bc nh t mt laptop ni no trong nh bn. Tng t nh vy, nu nh my in c kt ni vo mt my tnh trong HomeGroup, n s c chia s vi tt c cc my tnh trong HomeGroup. Khi bn tham gia HomeGroup, bn s ngay lp tc thy cc my tnh cn li trong nhm. Mt my tnh c th tng tc vi th vin c chia s t cc my tnh cn li thng qua Windows Explorer v bn c th tng tc vi Libraries c chia s ging nh l ang lm vic trn a cng ca mnh. Bn c th duyt Libraries (v xem chng bng cch m bn mun), tm kim trong mt th vin c ch nh hoc chn "HomeGroup Users" chn tm kim trn tt c cc my tnh trong HomeGroup. HomeGroup cng ng cho bn xc nh r nhng g bn mun chia s, bn c th chn bo v d liu trn my, hay ch chia s n ch vi nhng ngi bn chn hoc chia s n trn cc th mc dng chung trn ton HomeGroup truy cp vo nhanh chng v d dng. HomeGroup cng h tr domain kt ni vo my tnh. Khi mt domain computer c kt ni vo HomeGroup, n s t ng truy cp n nhng g c chia s trn HomeGroup. Theo mc nh, vic chia s file vi ngi khc ngoi Home Group s khng c chp nhn vi domain computer. Cc chuyn gia IT c th iu khin HomeGroup hot ng thng qua Group Policy, ngn nga mt nhn vin v tnh trao quyn truy cp ti d liu trong Domain Company cho ngi no trong HomeGroup ca anh ta.

Kt ni an ton vi Windows Connect Now Bn ang tm kim mt cch d dng thit lp mt mng khng dy an ton hn trong nh ca bn? Nu vy th Windows 7 c th gip bn lm iu . Windows Connect Now h tr tiu chun WIFI Protected Setup mt tiu chun cng nghip - n n gin ha vic thit lp mt Router khng dy hoc im truy cp v gip d dng kt ni vi my tnh, thit b di ng v cc mng khc truy cp vo mng . Ch cn s dng Windows 7 tm v gi yu cu truy cp vo mng khng dy ca bn. chp nhn yu cu, bn ch cn bm vo nt WPS trn router khng dy hoc im truy cp. My tnh s t ng nhn c nhng thit lp mng t Router Wireless hoc im truy cp (access point) v thit lp mt kt ni khng dy, bn s khng cn nh hoc nhp mt khu mi khi kt ni. Kt ni di ng tc cao - Mobile Broadband Vi Windows 7, s n gin hn nhiu my tnh ca bn kt ni vo mng Internet thng qua mt card truyn d Wireless (Wireless Data card), cho d l nh cung cp dch v in thoi di ng no. Qu trnh ny u tng t nh kt ni n cc mng Wireless bnh thng, v bn s thc hin bng cch chn tnh nng "View Available Networks". Bn khng cn ci t thm bt c phn mm no, ch l gn card truyn d liu wireless vo my tnh v my tnh s t ng kt ni vo mng Internet. Nu my tnh ca bn c tch hp card truyn d liu wireless, bn c th kt ni Internet ti bt c ni u c cung cp dch v. Qun l kt ni Wifi trong Windows 7 Windows 7 l phin bn h iu hnh th 3 ca Microsoft dnh cho my trm c tch hp h tr kt ni mng Wifi. Tuy nhin, trong Windows 7, tin trnh kt ni, qun l v bo tr mng Wifi c n gin ha rt nhiu so vi Windows XP v Windows Vista. ng thi cung cp thm nhiu tin ch h tr ngi dng khi kt ni mng Wifi, nh t ng tm kim kt ni, thit lp kt ni, Tm kim mng Wifi Windows 7 tch hp mt phin bn c ci tin ca tnh nng tm kim mng Wifi t ng ln u tin c gii thiu trong Windows XP, sau c tch hp vo Windows Vista. Lu : Windows 7 s dng dch v WLAN AutoConfig (c gii thiu trong Windows Vista) qun l mng Wifi thay cho dch v Wireless Zero Configuration c Windows XP s dng.

Khi khng c kt ni mng khc c kch hot Windows 7 s tm kim mang Wifi m chng ta c th kt ni. N s hin th mt biu tng gm 5 vch c nh du bng mt ngi sao sng trong vng thng bo trn thanh Taskbar. Biu tng ny c ngha l Not connected Connections are Available. (Khng c kt ni co cc kt ni). bt u tin trnh kt ni, click vo biu tng hin th nhng mng Wifi c pht hin (hnh 1).

Hnh 1: Hp thoi Wireless Connection. Nh trong hnh 1, chng ta c th kt ni Windows 7 ti nhiu mng Wifi khc nhau. Bao gm:

Infrastructure Ad-hoc Unsecured (m) Secured (m ha)

Cc kt ni WLAN hin th vi mt biu tng th hin tn hiu kt ni gm 5 vch l nhng kt ni Infrastructure. Mt kt ni Infrastructure thng s dng mt im truy cp Wifi hay Router Wifi kt ni mt h thng ti nhiu h thng khc trn mng, hay kt ni ti Internet. Cc kt ni WLAN ang hin th mt biu tng gm ba thit b l cc kt ni Adhoc. Ad-hoc Connection l mt lin kt trc tip gia hai PC hay gia mt PC v mt my in, thit b a chc nng, my nh s, hay nhng thit b khc. Chng ta khng th s dng kt ni Ad-hoc kt ni trc tip ti Internet. Nhng kt ni c nh du bng mt khin bo v mu vng ca Windows l nhng kt ni khng bo mt hay kt ni m (unsecured), trong khng c key m ha no c s dng. Nhng mng Unsecured Infrastructure thng c s dng trong nhng im cung cp dch v Internet min ph, nh khch sn, th vin, phng hp, Nhng mng Ad-hoc thng c ci t cho cc truy cp khng bo mt. Nhng kt ni khng c khin bo v mu vng ca Windows l nhng mng Wifi bo mt. Chng ta phi cung cp key m ha c mng ny s dng mi khi kt ni vo mng.

Hnh 2: Kt ni ny lm vic vi c Adapter Wifi 2.4GHz (802.11g) v 5GHZ (802.11a) Kt ni mng Wifi khng bo mt (m)

Nu thng xuyn khng lm vic ti vn phng, c th chng ta s lun phi kt ni ti nhng mng Wifi khng bo mt. Di y l cc thao tc cn thc hin kt ni vo nhng mng ny sau lu li cho nhng ln s dng sau. 1. M danh sch mng Wifi hin c. 2. Click vo mt kt ni khng bo mt. 3. lu kt ni ny cho nhng ln s dng sau, click chn hp chn Connect Automatically (hnh 3A). 4. Nhn nt Connect thc hin kt ni nh trong hnh 3B.

Hnh 3: Lu mt kt ni Wifi m cho ln s dng sau (A) v kt ni ti mng Wifi m (B). 5. Sau khi kt ni ti mng Wifi khng bo mt, la chn kiu mng l Public Network (hnh 4). Khi chn Public Network, chng ta s phi thc hin cu hnh Windows Firewall ngt chia s kt ni trn my tnh ng thi gip chn truy cp cha c phn quyn.

Hnh 4: Khi la chn Public Network, kh nng bo mt ti a s c p dng cho kt ni Wifi m. Nu chng ta lu kt ni ny (bc 3), Windows 7 s t ng thc hin kt ni mi khi h thng pht hin thy mng ny. Kt ni ti mng Wifi bo mt (m ha) Chng ta cng c th kt ni ti mt mng Wifi bo mt t vng thng bo. Thc hin cc thao tc sau: 1. M danh sch nhng mng Wifi hin c. 2. Click vo mt kt ni bo mt (nhng mng ny khng c nh du vi khin bo v mu vng ca Windows). 3. lu kt ni ny cho ln s dng sau, la chn hp chn Connect Automatically. 4. Nhn Connect bt u tin trnh kt ni.

5. Nhp key bo mt mng (s dng key m ha WPA, WPA2 hay WEP) khi c thng bo. Mc nh, chng ta c th thy cc k t ny khi nhp (hnh 5A). La chn hp chn Hide Characters n i nhng k t nhp vo (hnh 5B).

Hnh 5: Nhp key bo mt mng. Sau khi kt ni ti mt mng bo mt, la chn mng Home hoc Work cu hnh Windows Firewall cho ph hp vi kiu mng. Nu mun ci t hay gia nhp mt Homegroup, th chng ta cn la chn kiu mng l Home Network. T ng kt ni li ti mng Wifi Windows 7 c th t ng kt ni tr li mt mng Wifi c lu tr khi my tnh trong vng c tn hiu Wifi v nu mng ny pht tn SSID (Service Set Identifier). xc nhn xem Windows 7 c kt ni ti mt mng Wifi hay cha, hy kim tra biu tng mng Wifi nm trn khay h thng (hnh 6).

Hnh 6: Pht hin mt s mng Wifi nhng cha c kt ni no c thit lp (A). Mt kt ni Wifi ang c s dng (B). S lng vch trong hnh 6 cho bit mnh tn hiu ca kt ni Wifi . Khi chng ta di chuyn con tr chut qua biu tng kt ni Wifi ny, th tn ca kt ni mng Wifi hin thi s xut hin.

Hnh 7: Di chuyn con tr ln trn biu tng xem tn ca kt ni mng Wifi. Kt ni vo mng Wifi vi SSID n Windows 7 pht hin nhng mng Wifi khng pht SSID ca chng nh mng khc. kt ni vo mt mng khng pht SSID, chng ta phi nhp SSID ca mng cng nh key m ha khi c thng bo. Truy cp trang Web hon thnh kt ni Mt s kt ni Wifi yu cu chng ta ng yu cu s dng dch v hay truy cp vo mt giy php bo mt trc khi chng ta c th s dng chng. Windows 7 s nhc nh chng ta trong nhng trng hp cn thit bng cch hin th mt thng bo c ni dung Additional Log On Information May Be Required (C th cn s dng bn ghi thng tin b sung). Click vo thng bo ny chy ng dng trnh duyt v hon thnh tin trnh.

Hnh 8: Click vo thng bo truy cp vo mt trang Web cn thit hon thnh tin trnh ang k kt ni Wifi. Qun l kt ni Wifi Nh chng ta bit, Windows 7 s a ra nhc nh lu mt kt ni Wifi ngy khi chng ta bt u thc hin kt ni. qun l nhng kt ni Wifi, m Network and Sharing Center (chng ta c th m n t hp thoi Wireless Network Connection trong vng thng bo hay t Control Panel). Click vo lin kt Manage Wireless Connections trong bng bn tri bt u tin trnh qun l (hnh 9).

Hnh 9: M hp thoi Manage Wireless Connections t Network and Sharing Center. Hp thoi qun l kt ni mng Wifi (hnh 10) c s dng b sung, g b, hay sp xp cc kt ni mng Wifi. Ngoi ra chng ta cong c th hin th thuc tnh ca Adapter Wifi, la chn mt kiu profile, hay m Network and Sharing Center.

Hnh 10: Hp thoi Manage Wireless Connections. Kt ni mng Wifi pha trn ca danh sch l mng c u tin. di chuyn mt kt ni ti v tr mong mun, chng ta ch cn la chn kt ni ri nhn nt Move Up hoc Move Down. loi b kt ni khng cn s dng, la chn n ri nhn nt Remove. b sung mt kt ni mi, nhn nt Add sau cung cp cc thng tin cn thit nh SSID, kiu m ha, key m ha, Kim tra thuc tnh v ci t chia s kt ni Internet kim tra thuc tnh ca Adapter Wifi, click vo Adapter Properties (hnh 11) trong hp thoi Wireless Network Management nh trong hnh 10. Trong hp thoi thuc tnh ca Adapter Wifi, tab Networking hin th nhng thnh phn mng ang c s dng v cho php chng ta ci t hoc g b cc thnh phn.

Hnh 11: Tab Networking trn hp thoi thuc tnh ca Adapter Wifi. Tab Sharing c s dng cu hnh h thng nh mt my ch chia s kt ni Internet (hnh 12). Mt my ch ICS s cung cp truy cp Internet cho cc my tnh khc trong mng qua kt ni Internet ca ring n. Chng ta c th s dng ICS cng vi mt im truy cp Wifi (hoc Switch dy hay my ch truy cp) s dng Router.

Hnh 12: Tab Sharing trn hp thoi thuc tnh ca Adapter Wifi. La chn hp chn Allow other network users to connect through this computers Internet connection kch hot ICS. ch nh nhng dch v m ICS s h tr, hy click vo nt Settings ri la chn nhng dch v trong danh sch Services nh trong hnh 13.

Hnh 13: Ci t h tr ICS cho nhng dch v mong mun. Ngoi nhng dch v c a sn vo danh sch, chng ta c th a vo cc dch v khc bng cch nhn nt Add ri la chn nhng dch v cn c h tr. Ngt kt ni Wifi ngt kt ni khi mt kt ni Wifi, click vo biu tng mng Wifi trn khay h thng, sau phi chut ln kt ni hin ti chn Disconnect (hnh 14). Ngoi ra chng ta c th kim tra trng thi v thuc tnh ca mng t hp thoi ny.

Hnh 14: Ngt kt ni khi mng Wifi. Kt lun Windows 7 gip tin trnh qun l mng Wifi d dng hn rt nhiu so vi trc dy. Tuy nhin, cn nh rng, adapter mng cn phi c ci t driver ca Windows Vista hay Windows 7 c th vn hnh n nh. - Qun l thng dch lnh Mt chng trnh my tnh trc bin dch c lu tr dng ngn ng bc cao, gip ngi s dng thun tin trong vic qun l, nng cp v s dng. Nhim v ca h iu hnh trong qun l thng dch lnh * ng vai tr to giao din gia my tnh v ngi s dng. * Bin dch cc ch th th, cc lnh ca ngi s dng.

CHNG 3.

KT LUN V WIN 7