c im v trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan trong qu trnh xut nhp khu hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin :c im qu trnh xut nhp khu hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin. Vic xut nhp khu hng ho thng c thc hin thng qua hp ng gia ngi mua v ngi bn vi ni dung v: s lng, phm cht, k m hiu, quy cch ng gi, gi c hng ho, trch nhim thu tu v tr cc ph, ph bo him, th tc v ng tin thanh ton... Trong qu trnh xut nhp khu hng ho c s chuyn giao quyn s hu l hng ho xut nhp khu t ngi bn sang ngi mua. Hng ho xut nhp khu thng c vn chuyn qua bin gii quc gia, phi chu s kim sot ca hi quan, kim dch... tu theo quy nh, thng l ca mi nc. ng thi vn chuyn ra (hoc vo) qua bin gii phi mua bo him theo tp qun thng mi quc t. Ngi tham gia bo him c th l ngi mua hng (ngi nhp khu) hay ngi bn hng (ngi xut khu). Hp ng bo him th hin quan h gia ngi bo him v ngi mua bo him i vi hng ho c bo him. Nu ngi bn hng mua bo him th phi chuyn nhng li cho ngi mua hng, khi hng v n nc nhp, nu b tn tht c th khiu li i ngi bo him bi thng. Hng ho xut nhp khu thng c vn chuyn bng cc phng tin khc nhau theo phng thc vn chuyn a phng tin, trong c tu bin. Ngi vn chuyn hng ho ng thi cng l ngi giao hng cho ngi mua. V vy ngi chuyn ch l bn trung gian phi c trch nhim bo v, chm sc hng ho ng quy cch, phm cht, s lng t khi nhn ca ngi bn n khi giao cho ngi mua hng.Qu trnh xut nhp khu hng ho c lin quan n nhiu bn, trong c bn bn ch yu l: ngi bn (bn xut khu), ngi mua (bn nhp khu), ngi vn chuyn v ngi bo him. V vy, cn phi phn nh r rng trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan v khi tin hnh xut nhp khu hng ho cc bn lin quan phi thc hin y cc ngha v ca mnh.Trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan.Hot ng xut nhp khu hng ho thng c thc hin thng qua ba loi hp ng:-Hp ng mua bn-Hp ng vn chuyn-Hp ng bo himBa hp ng ny l c s php l phn nh trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan v trch nhim ny ph thuc iu kin giao hng ca hp ng mua bn. Theo cc iu kin thng mi quc t INCOTERMS 2000 (International Commercial Tearms) c mi ba iu kin giao hng c phn chia thnh bn nhm E, F, C, D c s khc nhau v c bn nh sau: Th nht l nhm E- quy c ngi bn t hng ho di quyn nh ot ca ngi mua ngay ti xng ca ngi bn (iu kin E- giao ti xng); Th hai l nhm F- quy c ngi bn c yu cu giao hng ho cho mt ngi chuyn ch do ngi mua ch nh (nhm iu kin F: FCA, FAS v FOB); Th ba l nhm C- quy c ngi bn phi hp ng thu phng tin vn ti, nhng khng chu ri ro v mt mt hoc h hi i vi hng ho hoc cc ph tn pht sinh thm do cc tnh hung xy ra sau khi gi hng v bc hng ln tu (nhm iu kin C: CFR, CIF, CPT v CIP); Th t l nhm D- quy c ngi bn phi chu mi ph tn v ri ro cn thit a hng ho ti a im quy nh (nhm iu kin D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP). Trong thng dng nht l iu kin FOB, CFR v CIF.Trong cc iu kin giao hng, ngoi phn gi hng, tu theo tng iu kin c th m c thm cc ph vn chuyn v ph bo him. C nhng iu kin giao hng m ngi bn khng c trch thu tu vn chuyn v mua bo him cho hng ho. Nh vy, tuy bn c hng nhng dch v vn chuyn v bo him s do ngi mua m nhn (iu kin FOB). C trng hp giao hng theo iu kin m ngoi vic xut khu c hng ho, ngi bn cn c trch nhim thu tu vn chuyn v mua bo him cho hng ho (iu kin CIF). Thc t, cc tp on kinh t hot ng trn nhiu lnh vc sn xut, vn chuyn, bo him ... khi giao hng theo iu kin nhm C v D, bn cnh vic bn hng cn ginh cho h dch v vn chuyn v bo him cho s hng . V vy, nu nhp khu hng theo iu kin FOB, hay iu kin CFR th s gi c dch v vn chuyn v bo him, hay ch dch v bo him. Nu trong hot ng nhp khu, bn hng theo ga CIF, ngi bn cng gi c dch v vn chuyn v bo him. Nh vy s gp phn thc y s pht trin ca ngnh vn ti ng bin v ngnh bo him ca quc gia .Ni chung, trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan c phn nh nh sau: Trch nhim ca ngi bn (bn xut khu): phi chun b hng ho theo ng hp ng trong mua bn ngoi thng v s lng, cht lng, quy cch, loi hng, bao b ng gi ...v tp kt hng n cng ti ngy nhn, thng bo tu n nhn chuyn ch, giao hng cho tu khi qua lan can an ton mi ht trch nhim v nhng ri ro tai nn i vi hng ho. Ngoi ra, ngi bn phi lm cc th tc hi quan, kim dch, ly giy chng nhn kim nh phm cht, ng gi bao b phi chu c iu kin vn chuyn bc d thng thng. Cui cng, ngi bn phi ly c vn ti n sch. Nu bn hng theo iu kin CIF ngi bn cn c trch nhim mua bo him cho l hng ho sau k hu vo n bo him chuyn nhng quyn li bo him cho ngi mua. Trch nhim ca ngi mua (bn nhp khu): nhn hng ca ngi chuyn ch theo ng s lng, cht lng... ghi trong hp ng vn chuyn v hp ng mua bn ngoi thng, ly giy chng nhn kim m, bin bn kt ton giao nhn hng vi ch tu, bin bn hng ho h hng v do tu gy ln (nu c), nu c sai lch v s lng hng nhp khc vi hp ng mua bn nhng ng vi hp ng vn chuyn th ngi mua bo lu quyn khiu ni i vi ngi bn. nu phm cht, s lng hng ho c nhn c sai lch vi vn ti n th ngi mua cn c vo bin bn trn bo lu quyn khiu ni vi ch phng tin chuyn ch. Ngoi ra, ngi mua cn c trch nhim mua bo him cho hng ho nu mua hng theo gi CF v mua bo him, thu tu tr cc ph vn chuyn hng ho nu mua hng theo ga FOB hay nhn li chng t bo him do ngi bn chuyn nhng nu mua hng theo gi CIF.-Trch nhim ca ngi vn chuyn: chun b phng tin chuyn ch theo yu cu k thut thng mi v k thut hng hi, giao nhn hng ng quy nh theo hp ng vn chuyn. Theo tp qun thng mi quc t th tu ch hng bt buc phi tham gia bo him thn tu v P and I. Ngi vn chuyn cn c trch nhim cp vn n cho ngi gi hng. Vn n (Bill of Loading) l mt chng t vn chuyn hng hi trn bin do ngi vn chuyn cp cho ngi gi hng nhm ni ln mi quan h php l gia ngi vn chuyn, ngi gi hng v ngi nhn hng. C nhiu loi vn n, nhng y ch quan tm n hai loi c bn l: vn n hon ho (Clean B/L) hay cn gi l vn n sch v vn n khng hon ho (Unclean B/L). Ngi vn chuyn phi chu trch nhim vi nhng ri ro xy ra i vi hng ho theo quy nh v phi c trch nhim bo v, chm sc cho l hng ho chuyn ch trong hnh trnh t cng i n cng ch. Trch nhim ca ngi bo him: c trch nhim vi nhng ri ro c bo him gy ra cho l hng ho tham gia bo him, ngi bo him cng c trch nhim kim tra cc chng t lin quan n hng ho, hnh trnh vn chuyn v bn thn tu chuyn ch. Khi xy ra tn tht thuc phm vi trch nhim ca bo him, ngi bo him c trch nhim tin hnh gim nh, bi thng tn tht v i ngi th ba nu h gy ra tn tht ny.Cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin.Ri ro trong bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin.Ri ro trong bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin l nhng tai nn, tai ho, s c xy ra mt cch bt ng ngu nhin hoc nhng mi e do nguy hi, khi xy ra s gy ln tn tht cho i tng c bo him. V d nh : tu m, hng mt, hng b v, h hng... Ri ro trong xut nhp khu hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin c nhiu loi, cn c vo ngun gc pht sinh c th phn ri ro thnh nhng loi sau:* Thin tai : Thin tai l nhng hin tng t nhin m con ngi khng th chi phi c nh : bin ng, bo, gi lc, st nh, thi tit xu, sng thn...* Tai ho ca bin: l nhng tai ho xy ra i vi con tu ngoi bin nh : tu b mc cn, m va, m chm, chy n, tu b lt p, mt tch... nhng ri ro ny c gi l nhng ri ro chnh.* Cc tai nn bt ng khc: l nhng thit hi do cc tc ng ngu nhin bn ngoi, khng thuc nhng tai ho ca bin ni trn. Tai nn bt ng khc c th xy ra trn bin nhng nguyn nhn khng phi l mt tai ho ca bin, c th xy ra trn b, trn khng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d hng ho, giao nhn, lu kho, bo qun hng nh : hng ho b v, lt, hp hi, thiu ht, mt trm, mt cp, khng giao hng ... nhng ri ro ny c gi l nhng ri ro ph.* Ri ro do bn cht hoc do tnh cht c bit ca i tng bo him hoc nhng thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm ch.Theo nghip v bo him th nhng ri ro ca hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin c th c chia thnh cc loi sau y:* Ri ro thng thng c bo him: l nhng ri ro c bo him mt cch bnh thng theo cc iu kin bo him gc. y l nhng ri ro mang tnh bt ng ngu nhin xy ra ngoi mun ca ngi c bo him nh: thin tai, tai ho ca bin, tai nn bt ng khc tc l bao gm c ri ro chnh v ri ro ph.* Ri ro bo him ring: l nhng ri ro m mun c bo him th phi tho thun ring, tho thun thm ch khng c bi thng theo cc iu kin bo him gc. Loi ri ro ny gm : ri ro chin tranh, nh cng, khng b c bo him theo iu kin ring.* Ri ro khng c bo him: l nhng ri ro khng c ngi bo him nhn bo him hoc khng c ngi bo him bi thng trong mi trng hp. l cc ri ro ng nhin xy ra, chc chn xy ra hoc cc thit hi do ni t, bn cht ca hng ho, do li ca ngi c bo him, thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr, ri ro c tnh cht thm ho m con ngi khng lng trc c, quy m, mc v hu qu ca n.Tm li, cc ri ro c bo him phi l nguyn nhn trc tip gy ra tn tht. Vic phn nguyn nhn trc tip hay nguyn nhn gin tip c vai tr rt quan trng xc nh ri ro gy ra tn tht c phi l ri ro c bo him hay khng. Nhng tn tht no c nguyn nhn trc tip l ri ro c bo him gy ra mi c bi thng.Tn tht trong bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin:Tn tht trong bo him hng ho xut nhp khu l nhng h hng, thit hi ca hng ho c bo him do ri ro gy ra.Cn c vo quy m, mc tn tht c hai loi tn tht l tn tht b phn v tn tht ton b:* Tn tht b phn l tn tht m mt phn ca i tng c bo him theo mt hp ng bo him b mt mt, h hng, thit hi. Tn tht b phn c th l tn tht v s lng, trng lng, th tch hoc gi tr.* Tn tht ton b tc l ton b i tng bo him theo hp ng bo him b mt mt, h hng, thit hi hoc b bin cht, bin dng khng cn nh lc mi bo him na. Mt tn tht ton b c th l tn tht ton b thc t hay tn tht ton b c tnh:- Tn tht ton b thc t l ton b i tng bo him b mt mt, h hng hay b ph hu ton b, khng ly li c nh lc mi bo him na. Trong trng hp ny, ngi bo him phi bi thng ton b gi tr bo him hoc s tin bo him.- Tn tht ton b c tnh tc l thit hi, mt mt ca i tng bo him cha ti mc tn tht ton b nhng i tng bo him b t b mt cch hp l v tn tht ton b thc t xt ra l khng th trnh khi hoc nhng chi ph phng, phc hi tn tht ln hn gi tr ca hng ho c bo him. Khi i tng l hng ho b t b, s hu v hng ho s chuyn sang ngi bo him v ngi bo him c quyn nh ot v hng ho . Khi , ngi c bo him c quyn khiu ni i bi thng tn tht ton b.Cn c vo tnh cht tn tht v trch nhim bo him th tn tht c chia lm hai loi l tn tht chung v tn tht ring:* Tn tht chung l nhng hy sinh hay chi ph c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu tu v hng ho ch trn tu thot khi mt s nguy him chung, thc s i vi chng. Khi xy ra tn tht chung ch hng v ngi bo him phi in vo Bn cam oan, Giy cam oan ng gp vo tn tht chung. Bn cam oan, Giy cam oan ny c xut trnh cho ch hng hoc thuyn trng khi nhn hng. Ni dung ni chung khi xy ra tn tht chung ngi c bo him phi bo cho cng ty bo him bit cng ty hng dn lm th tc khng t k vo Bn cam oan.* Tn tht ring: l tn tht ch gy ra thit hi cho mt hay mt s quyn li ca cc ch hng v ch tu trn mt con tu. Nh vy, tn tht ring ch lin quan n tng quyn li ring bit. Trong tn tht ring, ngoi thit hi vt cht cn pht sinh cc chi ph lin quan nhm hn ch nhng thit hi khi tn tht xy ra, gi l tn tht chi ph ring. Tn tht chi ph ring l nhng chi ph bo qun hng ho gim bt thit hi hoc khi h hi thm, bao gm chi ph xp, d, gi hng, ng gi li, thay th bao b... bn khi hnh v dc ng. Chi ph tn tht ring lm hn ch v gim bt tn tht ring, tn tht ring c th l tn tht b phn hoc l tn tht ton b. Tn tht ring c c ngi bo him bi thng hay khng ph thuc vo ri ro c c tho thun trong hp ng bo him hay khng ch khng nh tn tht chung.Ngha v ca ngi c bo him khi xy ra tn tht.Khi phng tin chuyn ch b tai nn v e do n s an ton cho hng ho ca ngi c bo him th ngi c bo him phi c trch nhim thng bo cho cc c quan chc nng ni gn nht nh c quan hng hi, c quan bo him ... cc c quan ny c bin php phi hp theo di, phng b cho tu v hng ho. Nu c thng tin hay pht hin thy thc t hng ho b tn tht th ngi c bo him cn lm ngay cc cng vic sau:-Thng bo cho ngi bo him bit v nu thy tnh hnh hng ho tn tht hoc nghi ng c tn tht th cn lm giy yu cu ngh ngi gim nh ngay. Vic gim nh hng ho c bo him b tn tht phi do ngi bo him tin hnh theo n ngh ca ngi c bo him. Nu v tn tht khng c gim nh vin ca ngi bo him gim nh th s khng c chp nhn bi thng.- Thc hin cc bin php phng v hn ch tn tht. Thc ra, vic phng v hn ch tn tht cho hng ho ni chung trong hp ng bo him l ch nhng trng hp hng ho b ri ro (thuc phm vi bo him nh: chy, n, mc cn...) e do tu khi tu ch hng ang trn ng hnh trnh hoc neo u ti bn cng dc ng. Bo lu quyn khiu ni cho ngi bo him tc l n khiu ni ngay bn gy ra tn tht hng ho v gi l khiu ni ngi th ba, ngi ng ngoi hp ng bo him. y cn lu nu ngi th ba l ch tu, ngi chuyn ch hoc ch kho hng u c quy nh ring v thi gian cho php khiu ni theo lut trong nc, lut quc t hay cc vn bn di lut.Vic bo v ti sn trc nhng tnh hung c nguy c thuc phm vi trch nhim ca hp ng bo him u i hi s n lc ca c hai bn v khi cha cn xt n bin php gii quyt bi thng ca ngi bo him. Xut pht t nhng c im ny, ngi bo him c quy nh vic ngi bo him tham gia vo cc bin php cu h v bo v hng ho u khng th coi l du hiu ca s khc t hay chp nhn vic t b hng ho.Th tc khiu ni i bi thng.Khiu ni l s thnh cu hay yu cu ngi bo him bi thng trn c s nhng chng c do ngi c bo him a ra. H s khiu ni i ngi bo him bi thng gm nhiu loi giy t khc nhau nhng phi chng minh c:- Ngi khiu ni c li ch bo him;- Hng ho c bo him;- Tn tht thuc mt ri ro c bo him;- Mc tn tht;- Thc hin nguyn tc th quyn ngi bo him c th i c ngi th ba bi thng.H s khiu ni i bi thng phi bao gm cc loi giy t sau y:1- n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him (bn gc)2- Vn n ng bin (bn gc) v hp ng thu tu (nu c)3- Ho n thng mi4- Ho n v cc chi ph khc (nu c)5- Giy chng nhn trng lng, s lng6- Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu7- Phiu ng gi8- Vn bn, giy t lin quan ti vic i ngi th ba bi thng v tr li (nu c)9- Khng ngh hng hi hoc nht k hng hi10- Th khiu ni c ghi r s tin yu cu bi thng11- Bin bn bt thng v hng ho vn chuyn12- Bin bn gim nh .Sau khi kim tra chng t v thanh ton bi thng, mi khon khiu ni v quyn khiu ni ca ngi c bo him i vi ngi th ba u c chuyn cho ngi bo him m gii hn l s tin bi thng. Ngi c bo him mun khiu ni tn tht ton b c tnh cho hng ho c bo him, phi gi thng bo t b hng cho ngi bo him.Thng bo phi a ra khng chm tr, vi mc ch cho ngi bo him c c hi gim thiu hay ngn nga tn tht (nh bn hng dc ng). Thng bo t b hng phi lm thnh vn bn v trong mi trng hp phi cho bit nh ca ngi c bo him l t b khng iu kin mi quyn li v hng ho c bo him cho ngi bo him. Nu ngi bo him chp nhn thng bo t b hng ngha l ngi bo him chp nhn trch nhim bi thng nh bi thng tn tht ton b thc t v c quyn s hu phn cn li ca hng ho. Vic t b hng khng c thay i sau khi ngi bo him chp nhn thng bo t b hng. Tuy nhin, trc khi ngi bo him chp nhn thng bo t b hng, ngi c bo him phi c nhng bin php tch cc nhm ngn nga v hn ch tn tht. Nu ngi bo him khng chp nhn t b hng, cc quyn li ca ngi c bo him trong hp ng bo him vn khng thay i.Thi hn khiu ni vi ngi bo him l hai nm k t ngy c tn tht hoc pht hin tn tht. Tuy nhin, b h s khiu ni phi gi n cng ty bo him trong vng 9 thng k t khi c tn tht ngi bo him cn thc hin quyn truy i cc bn c lin quan n v tn tht.S ra i v pht trin ca bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng binTc gi:Bi Vn Khoa0Trn th giiBo him hng hi c lch s rt lu i. N ra i v pht trin cng vi s pht trin ca hng ho v ngoi thng. Khong th k V trc cng nguyn, vn chuyn hng ho bng ng bin ra i v pht trin ngi ta bit trnh tn tht ton b mt l hng bng cch chia nh, phn tn chuyn ch trn nhiu thuyn khc nhau. y c th ni l hnh thc s khai ca bo him hng ho. n th k th XII thng mi v giao lu hng ho bng ng bin gia cc nc pht trin. Nhiu tn tht ln xy ra trn bin v khi lng v gi tr ca hng ho ngy cng tng, do thin tai, tai nn bt ng, cp bin... gy ra lm cho gii thng nhn lo lng nhm i ph vi cc tn tht nng n c kh nng dn ti ph sn h i vay vn bun bn kinh doanh. Nu hnh trnh gp phi ri ro gy ra tn tht ton b th cc thng nhn c xo n, nu hnh trnh may mn thnh cng th ngoi vn vay h cn phi tr ch n mt khon tin li vi li sut rt cao. Li sut cao v nng n ny c th coi l hnh thc ban u ca ph bo him.Nm 1182 Lomborde - Bc , hp ng bo him hng ho ra i, trong ngi bn n ny cam kt vi khch hng s thc hin ni dung ghi trong n. T hp ng bo him, ngi bo him ra i vi t cch nh l mt ngh ring c lp.Nm 1468 ti Venise nc o lut u tin v bo him hng hi ra i. S pht trin ca thng mi hng hi dn n s ra i v pht trin mnh m ca bo him hng hi v hng lot cc th l, cng c, hip c quc t lin quan n thng mi v hng hi nh: Mu hp ng bo him ca Lloyd's 1776 v Lut bo him ca Anh nm 1906 (MiA - Marine insurance Act 1906), cng c Brucxen nm 1924, Hague Visby 1986, Hmbua nm 1978, Incoterms 1953,1980,1990,2000 ... Cc iu khon v bo him hng hi cng ra i v ngy cng hon thin .Ni v bo him hng hi khng th khng ni ti nc Anh v Lloyd's. Nc Anh l mt trong nhng nc c s pht trin hin i v thng mi v hng hi ln nht trn th gii. C th ni lch s pht trin ca ngnh hng hi v thng mi th gii gn lin vi s pht trin ca nc Anh, th k XVII nc Anh c nn ngoi thng pht trin vi i tu bun mnh nht th gii v tr thnh trung tm thng mi v hng hi ca th gii. Do nc Anh cng l nc sm c nhng nguyn tc, th l hng hi v bo him hng hi. Nm 1779, cc hi vin ca Lloyd's thu thp tt c cc nguyn tc bo him hng hi v quy thnh mt hp ng chung gi l hp ng Lloyd's. Hp ng ny c Quc hi Anh thng qua v c s dng nhiu nc cho n 1982.T ngy 1/1/1982, n bo him hng hi mu mi c Hip hi bo him London thng qua v c s dng hu ht cc nc trn th gii hin nay.Khng ch ring bo him hng hi, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca nn kinh t th gii, cc loi hnh bo him cng pht trin ht sc mnh m p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t v mi mt ca i sng x hi, vn ho v giao lu quc t. Vit Nam:Thi k u, nh nc giao cho mt cng ty chuyn mn trc thuc B Ti chnh kinh doanh bo him l cng ty Bo him Vit Nam nay l Tng cng ty Bo him Vit Nam (gi tt l Bo Vit). Cng ty Bo him Vit Nam c thnh lp ngy 17/12/1964 theo Quyt nh s 179/CP v chnh thc i vo hot ng ngy 15/1/1965.Trc nm 1964 Bo Vit ch lm i l bo him hng ho xut nhp khu cho cng ty Bo him nhn dn Trung Quc trong trng hp mua theo gi FOB, CF v bn theo gi CIF vi mc ch l hc hi kinh nghim.T nm 1965 - 1975 Bo Vit mi trin khai ba nghip v bo him i ngoi trong c bo him hng ho xut nhp khu. T sau 1970 Bo Vit c quan h ti bo him vi Lin X (c), Ba Lan, Triu Tin. Trc Bo Vit ch c quan h ti bo him vi Trung Quc.T nm 1975 - 1992 Bo Vit trin khai thm nhiu nghip v v m rng phm vi hot ng. T ch ch c quan h ti bo him vi mt s nc x hi ch ngha c th trong thi k ny Bo Vit c quan h i l, gim nh, ti bo him vi hn 40 nc trn th gii. Nm 1965 khi Bo Vit i vo hot ng, B Ti chnh ban hnh quy tc chung v Bo him hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin. Gn y, ph hp vi s pht trin thng mi v ngnh hng hi ca t nc, B Ti chnh ban hnh quy tc chung mi - Quy tc chung 1990 (QTC-1990) cng vi Lut Hng hi Vit Nam. Quy tc chung ny l c s php l ch yu iu chnh cc vn v bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin.Trong bi cnh nn kinh t Vit Nam ang c nhng bc pht trin mnh m, xut pht t yu cu bo m cho nn kinh t pht trin n nh thu ht vn u t nc ngoi th vic a dng ho cc loi hnh kinh doanh bo him l mt i hi thit thc. p ng yu cu cp bch trn, Ngh nh 100/CP ca chnh ph v hot ng kinh doanh bo him c ban hnh ngy 18/12/1993 to iu kin cho nhiu cng ty bo him ra i v pht trin. Hin nay vi s gp mt ca 10 cng ty bo him gc trong c nc, th trng bo him Vit Nam bt u pht trin vi s cnh tranh gay gt gia cc cng ty, nghip v bo him hng ho xut nhp khu vn l mt nghip v truyn thng m cc nh bo him Vit Nam vn duy tr v pht trin vi cc bin php, chin lc, sch lc ginh thng li trong cnh tranh.