J Bao ve he sinh thai

vi phat trien nuoi thuy san ben vCrng LAM THE N A O BE DAM BAO S\S CAN B A N G , TOI UU HOA c A c HOAT DONG KINH TE DE VU'A GIA TANG THU NHAP VLTA B A O VE MOI TRU'ONG SINH THAI LA MONG MUON MA CON NGLTOI LUON HU'ONG TOI.

Nudi trdng thiiy san (NTTS) la mpt trong nhiing boat dgng kinh te'chii lyc cua vimg DBSCL va ca nudc va la nganh mang lai nguon thu ngogi tl Idn cho nude nha. Tuy nhien, cimg vdi sy phat trien nhanh chdng hogt dgng NTTS la sy suy thoai ngay cang nhanh chdng mdi trudng sinh thai, mdi trudng sinh thai bi huy hoai da gay ra nhieu tac ddng tilu eye ddi vdi cupc sdng con ngudi.

Vimg DBSCL cd nhieu cdn, bai ndi ven sdng, che dp thuy trieu, ngudn nudc rat thuan lpi cho hogt dpng NTTS, la vung dat trii phu, bat ngan vudn cay an trai quanh nam tuoi tot. Nhiing nam gan day, sy ha'p dan tir lpi nhugn cua nudi ca tra, nudi tdm, ... da khie'n nhieu vudn cay nay bi thay the'bang cac trang trai NTTS qui md cdng nghiep. Hogt dpng nay mpt mat da lam thay doi dien mao kinh te dia phuong, gia

tang dang ke thu nhgp, eai thien ddi s6hg ngudi dan. Nhung, ben canh nhiing mat tich cyc dd, nd cCing gay ra nhiing tac dpng tieu cyc, lam thay doi moi trudng sinh thai, khie'n cho cupc s6hg va san xuat ngay cang khd khan, dieh benh cd nguy co bimg phat bat cii liic nao.

Tuong ty, cac he sinh thai vimg ven bien ciing bi anh hudng ngay cang nghiem trpng bdi eae boat ddng san xuat cua eon

HOi thdo tOng kSt di^ An ""Qudn If djch vy h$ sinh IhSi vi mgc tiSu ph^t triSn nufli trdng thOy s^n b6n vOng", C6n Tha, 9/1/2014 DNG MAITMJY S/N / SO 170 / TH* 2/2014

ngudi, nhat la hoat dpng nudi tdm cong nghiep. Trong nhiing nam 2011- 2012, dich benh hoai tu gan tuy ca'p hay d6'm trang trin tdm bimg phat dii dpi, gay thilt hai nang ne tgi nhieu tinh thanh nudi tdm trpng dilm.

Rd rang, tuy cd ddng gdp dang ke cho sy phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tgi rihieu dia phuang, nhung NTTS ciing tryc til'p hoac gian tiep gay nhiing tac ddng tilu eye lin mdi truong sinh thai, nhu 6 nhilm mdi trudng, nguon nudc, anh hudng de'n cac loai sinh vat dac hihi, xung dot lpi ich giiia cac hogt dpng kinh tl'ciia cac thanh phan dan cu.... Mau thuan giira cac thanh phan xa hpi tgi day cung theo dd ma ngay cang gay gat hon.

Do dd, de phat trien NTTS dn djnh va ben viing, cdng tae bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai can phai dupc dgt lin hang dau, sao cho CO the phat trien, t6'i uu hda cae lpi ich kinh te, dong thdi giii gin va bao ve h | sinh thai d trgng thdi tdt nhat

Bdo V9 djch v i^ he sinh thai cin cac giai phap dong bo

Y thdc dupc tam quan trpng cia cac dich vy he sinh thai ddi vdi hogt dpng NTTS, tir cudi nam 2011, trudng dgi hpc Stockholm, Dgi hpc Ndng Lam TP.HCM, Dgi hpc An Giang va WWF Viet Nam da phdi hpp thyc hien Dy in "Qudn ly dich v{i he sinh thdi vi m^c tieu phdt trien nudi trong thuy sin bin vimg". Dy an nghien ciiu vai trd cung nhu quan h | tuong tic gitia dich vy he sinh thai vdi cic hogt dpng NTTS trin hai

. ^ Y ^ _ ; ^ , ^ , . |

Nu-ac thSi ao nuoi c^ tra cong nghidp Id mCH trong nhung nguySn nhSn hCiy hogi h$ sinh thSi vOng ian c^n

d6i tugmg tdm va ea tra, cac giai phap ky thuat NTTS, danh gia anh hudng oia nudc thai, biin tiiai NTTS len hp smh thai,... tii dd cd nhiing bien phap hihi hieu giiip bao ve he sinh thai, gdp phan phat trien ben virng nganh NTTS oia Viet Nam.

Dupc thyc hien tir 10/2011 den 01/2014, Dy an da kit thue va dat dupc nhieu ket qua kha quan. Ong Ngd Tien Chuong, dgi dien WWF Viet Nam, cho biet: "Bdo vi djch vu he sinh thdi Id hogt ddng vd ciing phifc tgp, doi hdi phoi hap nhiiu hogt ddng khde nhau trong dd cdng tdc nghiin cuu

khoa hoc, ddnh gid tdc ddng cac hogt dgng eua con ngudi len mdi trudng sinh thdi. tit dddi xuat cde gidi phdp hint hieu nhdm gidm thieu nhimg tdc dgng tieu cue len he sinh thdi. Den nay, cdc nhd khoa hgc tham gia du dn dd cd nhiing ke't qud nghien ciru ban dau, chung tdi se tap hgp vd sdm dua ra cdc di xuat cu the, gop phdn dua ngdnh NTTS cd nude cdng nhu viing DBSCL phdt trien on dinh vd bin vihig".

Trong hoat dpng NTTS, dac biet la ddi vdi nghe nudi ea tra cdng nghiep, quan Iv biin thai va nudc thai la nhiing van de nan giai va thu hut sy quan tam

oia ta't ca eac thanh phan tham gia trong chudi san xuat. "Vdi dien tich, sdn lugng vd ndng suat nudi nhu hien nay, that khdng qud Idio dehinh dung lugng nudc thdi va biin thdi ma ngdnh nudi cd tra thdi ra mdi trudng Idn nhu thindo. Rd rdng, khdi lugng Id rat Idn vd nhimg tde dgng tieu cue cua chung len mdi trudng Id khdng hi nho. Qudn ly nudc thdi, biin thdi Id mot trong nhung van diquan tdm hdng dau, Idm dau ddu ca quan qudn ly nhu chung toi Nhung niu chi cd co quan qudn ly chung tdi gidi quyei

thi cQng ddnh bd toy,"- dng Trin Anh Dung, Chi eye trudng Thuy san An Giang phat bieu.

Dong quan dilm tren, TS Chau Thi Da - Khoa Thiiy San, Dgi hpc An Giang cho rang; "Di ddm bdo phdt triin bin vimg, on dinh dong thdi bdo vi dugc mdi trudng sinh thdi, ngdnh NTTS cdn gidi quyit triet di nhimg tdc dgng tieu cue thdng qua nhiiu gidi phdp ky thugt khde nhau, nhu dp dung vd nhdn rong cdc hinh thuc nudi mdi, hiiu qud nhu md hinh tdm-lua, nudi sinh thai..., da dgng hoa

dSi tugng nudi, xu ly triet dichat thdi nhu sit dung biin ddy ao cd tra Idm phdn hieu ca, sit dung nudc thdi ao nudi ed tra eho trong trot... Quy hogch sao cho phdt huy dugc thimgnh timg dia phuang dephdt triin NTTS nhung vdn ddm bdo gin gia dugc su on dinh cua mdi trudng sinh thdi, gidm thiiu tdc dgng tieu cue din mdi trudng".

Ca tra va tdm la hai ddi tupng nudi chii luc cua vimg DBSCL, sy phat trien mgnh va nhanh chdng cua hai doi tupng nay trong thdi gian qua da ddng gdp dang ke cho sy phat triai kinh tl' oia toan vimg, nhung dong thdi ciing da gay ra nhiing tac dpng tilu eye lin mdi trudng sinh thai, dong thdi mau thuan xa hpi ciing phat sinh va cd xu hudng gia tang khi ma y thiic chung vi cpng dong ciia mpt bp phan nhd ngudi dan cdn han che. Chinh vi the^ can"tdng cudng giao dvic y thuc vi cdng dong cho ngudi ddn cUng la mdt trong nhimg hogt ddng khdng the thiiu nham bdo ve djch vu he sinh thdi, phdt triin bin vimg ngdnh NTTS" - dng Ngd Tiln Chuong nhan manh.

Cimg vdi dd, tang cudng tinh liln ket vimg tir phgm vi nhd di toan khu vyc se la mpt giai phap kem tiiep, phai dupc thyc hiln song song, dong bp bin egnh cac giai phap ky thugt khac. Cd nhu vay, nganh thiiy san mdi ed CO hpi phat trien ben vutng va dn dinh, dam bao ca ve mgt ky thuat, hilu qua kinh te* va cac van de xa hpi khac.

Do Van Thong