basic definitions statistics collect organize analyze summarize interpret information - data draw...
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Basic Definitions Statistics
Collect Organize Analyze Summarize Interpret Information - Data Draw conclusions
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Basic Definitions Population - Sample
Population Sample Parameters µ σ ρ Statistics x s p
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Basic Definitions Descriptive - Inferential
Descriptive– Graphs and charts– Numerical representations
– Central Tendency– Variability– Location
Inferential– Confidence Intervals– Hypothesis Testing
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Basic Definitions Descriptive - Inferential
Descriptive
Probability
Inferential
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Basic Definitions Variables - Measurement
Variables discrete – continuous Variable values Variables independent - dependent Scales
– Nominal– Ordinal– Interval– Ratio
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Frequency Distribution Tables
Table with two entries:– Variable values– Number of occurrences of each value
Grouped frequency distribution tables Ungrouped frequency distribution tables Relative Frequencies Cumulative frequencies
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Frequency Distribution Graphs
Horizontal line Variable values Vertical line Frequencies
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Frequency Distribution Graphs
Bar Graph (discrete/nominal variables)
Histogram (continuous variables)
Frequency Polygon (middle points top of histograms)
Ogive (ptq)
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Measures of Central Tendency
The Mean (arithmetic average) The Median (middle value) The Mode (most frequent value) Which one? Central Tendency and shape of
distribution
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Measures of Variability
The Range The Population Variance and Standard
Deviation The Sample Variance and Standard
Deviation
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Measures of Location
Z-scores and Location Percentiles Box Plots