basic ingredients of network management woraphon lilakiatsakun
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Ingredientsof Network Management
Woraphon Lilakiatsakun
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Basic components Fig 3-1
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Network devices A NE (network element) must offer a
management interface for management purposes Allow managing system to send requests
( configure, retrieve statistical data and etc) Send information (response and unsolicited )
Manager – a managing application who in charge of the management
Agent – a NE who support the manager by responding its requests
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Manager-agent communication Fig 3-2
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Management agent
Consists of 3 parts A management interface A Management Information Base The core agent logic
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Management interface Support a management protocol
that define rule of conversation Communication between the
managed network element For example
To open management session To request to retrieve statistical data To request to change configuration
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Management Information Base (MIB) Conceptual data store (management
information) that contain management view of devices
A type of database used to manage the devices in a communications network. It comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as routers and switches) in a network. (Ref. from wikipedia)
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MIB related standard RFC 1155
Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP based internets
RFC 1157 Simple Network Management Protocol
RFC 1213 Management Information Base for Network
- Management of TCP/IP based internets
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MIB – OID Tree
OID = 1.3.6.1 (internet)
OID = 1.3.6.1.4.1.2682.1 (dpsAlarmControl)
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Core agent logic Translates between the operation of the
management interface, MIB, and actual device Ex. Translate the request to “retrieve a
counter” into internal operation that read out a device hardware register.
Additionally, it can include more management functions that offload the processing required by management app. Pre-correlated raw events before sent out
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An anatomy of management agent Fig 3-4
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Management information (1/2) The version of installed software
To decide which devices need to have new software
Utilization of port Whether capacity upgrades are necessary
Environmental data (temperature and voltage) Ensuring that a device is not overheating
Fans What is causing the temperature to rise
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Management information (2/2) Packet counters for different interfaces
Whether the network is under a certain type of attacks (DoS)
Protocol timeout parameter To fine tune network communication
performance Firewall rules
Security purposes others ?
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Managed object (MO) Refer to “ a chunk of management
information that exposes one of the real world aspects” Ex. MO could represent a device fan along
with its operational state, a port on a line card along with a set of statistical data
MO could be a MIB object in SNMP a parameter in a CLI (command-line
interface) An element of an XML document in web-
based management interface
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Not all aspects in the real world are modeled Color of devices
Real world object that MO represents is referred to as the “real resource”
Since management information in MIB represents real resource When querying the MIB for MO representing a
packet counter 3 times, the value returned will be different
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Basic parts of network management - refined Fig 3-6
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The Management System Tools to manage the network
monitor the network Service provisioning system Craft terminal
In fact, management system is different from management applications
But often we can use both as the same meaning
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Manager/agent reference diagram Fig 3-8
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Caching MIB Fig 3-9
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The Management network Networks for carrying traffic of
subscriber or end user are referred as “production network”
Networks for carrying management traffic are referred as “management network”
Both can be physically separate networks or they can share the same physical network
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Connecting a craft terminal to a managed device Fig 3-10
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Connecting to multiple devices through a terminal server Fig 3-11
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Dedicated Vs Shared Management and Production networks Fig 3-12
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Pros of a dedicated management network Reliability
Congestion or network failure occurs somewhere in the network, it makes the devices hard to reach
Also hard to find out what it happen Interference avoidance
Compete with production traffic May interfere high QoS services (voice ,video
streaming) Ease of network planning
No need to consider on management traffic Security
Hard to attack and more secure
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Cons of a dedicated management network
Cost and overhead Addition cost for a management
network No reasonable alternative
Some devices do not provide a physical connection for another usage
DSL router cannot be connected with two physical links
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Final word Cost is the huge disadvantage So, the management network is
needed only critical area Backbone of service providers or big
enterprises) Hybrid solution
Generally, it shares over production networks
Only critical segments are used as dedicated networks
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Managing the management The management support org. is
responsible for making sure that the network is being run efficiently and effectively
These tasks must be performed Monitoring the network for failures Diagnosing failures and communication outages Planning and carrying out repairs Provisioning new services and adding/removing
users
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Keeping an eye on performance of the network
Taking preventive measure Planning network upgrades
Increase capacity Planning network topology and
buildout Ensure that the network will meet future
demand
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Organization structure Network planning
Analyzing network usage and traffic patterns and planning network build out
Network operation Keeping the network running and
monitoring the network failures Network administration
Installing new devices / software Customer (user) management
Interacting with the customers
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Other thing are needed Establishment of process and
operational policies, documentation of operational procedures Well-defined procedures Well-defined workflow Make management consistent and
efficient Collection of audit trails
Automatically logging activities of operations
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Network documentation Must be accurate and up-to-date Important for network planning and
software upgrades Identify some discrepancies
Reliable backup and restore procedures Bring network back to live again in case of
disaster Security emphasis
Networks potentially most vulnerable from the inside
Limit the damage that can cause by one person
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Management life cycle
Plan Deploy Operate Decommission
Plan Before the network system starts During the network system is running
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Management life cycle Deploy
Installation of the equipment Bootstrap mechanism to allow a device to
obtain and IP address and have layer2 or 3 connectivity
Operate Monitoring/troubleshooting/performance
tuning and etc Decommission
Old equipments (old technology) will be replace
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TMN-layer: a management hierarchy reference model
BusinessManagement
ServiceManagement
Network Management
Element Management
Network Element
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Management layer
TMN (telecommunication Management network) Network element Element management Network management Service management Business management
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Network element
It means “the management agent “
It involves with the management functionality Communication pattern (protocols)
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Element management Involve managing the individual
devices and keep them running Functions such as
to view and change a network element’s configuration
To monitor alarm messages emitted from elements
To instruct network elements to run self-test
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Network management
Concern with keeping the network running as a whole (end-to-end) Monitoring that involves ensuring that
data flow to reach destination with acceptable throughput and delay
Managing multiple devices in a concerted fashion
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Service management
Managing the services that the network provides and ensuring those services are running smoothly
Let’s think as ISP (Internet service provider) ?
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Business management
Billing and invoicing Help desk management Business forecasting Etc ?