Basic principle in neuroanatomy

Basic principle in neuroanatomy Planes and directions

Nervous system : anatomically1. CNS ( Central nervous system )BrainSpinal cord

2. PNS ( Peripheral nervous system )Cranial nervesSpinal nerves

Central nervous systemBrainCerebrum ( Forebrain )Cerebellum Brain stem

Spinal cordWhite matterGray matter

Cerebrum ( forebrain ) Neocortex 14 Gray matterMultipolar neuronBipolar neuronPseudounipolar neuron

Neuron Cell body ( Soma , Perikaryon )PlasmaCytoplasmNucleusDendritesAxonAxon hillockTelodendriaMyelin sheath

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Cerebral hemisphere 5 lobes

Frontal lobeParietal lobeOccipital lobeTemporal lobeInsula lobe

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Frontal lobePrecentral gyrus / anterior paracentral lobuleMotor area ( homunculus , pyramidal tract )Superior frontal gyrusPremotor area ( extrapyramidal tract )Middle frontal gyrusVoluntary conjugate eye movementExners areaInferior frontal gyrusBrocas area ( motor speech area )Prefrontal cortexWorking memory

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Parietal lobePostcentral gyrus / posterior paracentral lobuleSensory areaSuperior parietal lobuleSensory association cortexInferior parietal lobuleSupramarginal gyrusWernikes areaAngular gyrusArcuate fasciculus , splenium of corpus callosum

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Occipital lobe

Visual area / Calcarine cortexVisual radiation / Geniculocalcarine tractVisual association areaFollowing conjugate ( Pursuit ) eye movementsAccommodation center

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Temporal lobe Superior temporal gyrusPrimary auditory cortex Middle temporal gyrusInferior temporal gyrusFusiform gyrusParahippocampal gyrusUncus

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Insula lobeSecondary ascending gustatory tract : Secondary ascending visceral tract :

Cerebrum ( forebrain )Limbic lobe

Septal area ( Paraolfactory area ) : Frontal lobeCingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus : Temporal lobeUncus : Temporal lobe

Cerebrum ( forebrain )

Visual cortex

Auditory cortex

Insula & postcentral gyrus

Lateral olfactory area

Sensory area

Motor area

Working memory : Prefrontal area

Recent memory : Hippocampus

Remote memory : Temporal , Parietal , Occipital lobe

Hypothalamus , Limbic system

limbic LTM emotion motivation

Limbic system & NeocortexNeocortexPrimary motor cortexPrimary sensory cortexAssociation cortexLimbic system HippocampusDentate gyrusAmygdalaParahippocampal gyrusCingulate gyrusSubcallosal gyrus

Brocas areaExners areaWernickes area

Central nervous systemCerebrumBasal gangliaThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusSubthalamus CerebellumMidbrainPonsMedullaSpinal cord

Basal ganglia

Commissures Association fibersLong AFShort AF ( U fibers )Commissural fibersCorpus callosumProjection fibersAscending afferent fibersDescending efferent fibers

Diencephalon ThalamusHypothalamusEpithalamusSubthalamus

Thalamus

Thalamus Thalamus proprioception cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Hypothalamus somatic Autonomic

Epithalamus

Subthalamus

Brain stem and Cerebellum

Spinal cord