Chapter 4Retrieval Tools for

Literature

objectivesInformation retrieval Tools

◦ Catalogue◦ Index◦ Registers◦ Online databases

Medical Databases◦ Secondary Publications

Models of retrievals◦ Keyword searching◦ Boolean searching◦ Proximity searching◦ Citation searchingDatabase and structure Knowledge

Information Retrieval Tools

Are the Systems created for retrieval of information.

Retrieval tools are essential as basic building blocks for a system that will organize recorded information that is collected by libraries, archives, museums, etc......

Basic Retrieval Tools

CatalogsIndexes BibliographiesRegistersOnline DatabasesSecondary publications

Catalogueoriginating in ancient times also Catalogs provide access to individual

items within collections of information sources (books, videocassettes, computer files, etc......

Contains physical description, classification, and subject analysis.

Access points are determined, subject headings are assigned, and authority control terms are applied.

e.g. OPAC –(online Public Access Catalogue)of SMU Library,

NLM- national Library of Medicine.

Book catalogue each publisher has

its own set of ISBNs, ordering information, and relevant currency pricing

description of catalogue Format

is constructed with predetermined standard format and rules◦AACR2◦GILS.◦ Dublin Core

AACR2(Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules) -Used in library, archives, and some museum

collections.AACR and its allied products are

published jointly by the American Library Association, the Canadian Library Association, and the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals.

.

GILS -Government Information Locator ServiceUsed for some government

information.Locators used for the linking

◦Locator - an information resource that identifies other information resources, describes the information available in those resources, and provides assistance in obtaining the information.

It is typically modeled as a database of locator records, each of which is a set of related data elements descriptive of various characteristics of an information resource.

Locator also called metadata, abstracts, meta-information, directories etc.....

Dublin Core

for some internet information sources.Metadata, xml, rdfn formats and other

models,The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative

(DCMI)HTML or XHTML , RDF/XML RDF (Resource Description

Framework

Forms of Catalogues

BookCardCOM (Computer Output

Microform)OPAC (Online Public Access

Catalog)

Arrangements of Catalogs

AlphabeticallyAuthorsTitlesSubject Numerically.(numerical and alfanumericals)According to published date/year

Subject analysis.Classification

◦Subject analysis.

◦Classification Scheme (i.e. Dewey Decimal

Classification System of the Library of Congress Classification System.

IndexesProvide access to the analyzed

contents of "bibliographic entities“i.e. articles in a journal, short stories in

a collection, etc......Indexes are not limited to what is

available in a local setting, and they do not usually give location information

Indexes are available in print, CD-ROM, or on-line.

Indexes are arranged in alphabetical order with entries offered for authors, titles, and subjects.

There is not a standard of arrangement, organization, or online searching.

Index Medicus –well developed index journal.

Bibliographic databases contains references to published

literature, Reference include journal and newspaper

articles, conference proceedings and papers, reports, government and legal publications, patents, books, etc

Bibliographic databases are machine-readable form of indexes and abstracts.

Basically computerized secondary (index) journals.

started in early 60’s. Database contains bibliographic information

◦ title of article, journal name, author, date of publication, volume #, issue, page #, etc.) about various types of publications and formats (print, video, audio, software, etc.).

Advantages in Bibilographic database

–searching instead of browsing,–searching through long periods of time instead of one issue.Index Medicus of the National Library of Medicine and the Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA

RegistersThe primary control tools for museums, also

referred to as an accession log.Registers function like catalogs, although

they have additional kinds of access points, such as the identification of the object, the donor, a history of association

(i.e. where or with whom previously owned the item) and any insurance related information.

An identification number (accession number) is assigned.

The accession record becomes one or more files that help to provide organization to a museum's collection.

Secondary publications•The oldest of “modern” information tools. •Designed to help users find primary documents.•“Pointers” to primary documents were bibliographic records.

Users were directed to

bibliographic records

◦ –from abstracts of primary documents

(abstract journals),

◦ –from subject description of primary

documents with key-words or key-phrases

(index journals).