bc nghien cuu ve ql ctr tai vn -jica

C QUAN HP TC QUC T NHT BN (JICA) NC CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Nghin cu Qun l mi trng th

ti Vit nam

BO CO TIN 2

Tp 06

Bo co nghin cu v qun l cht thi rn ti Vit Nam

Thng 03 nm 2011

CNG TY TNHH NIPPON KOEI

CNG TY TNHH YACHIYO ENGINEERING

Nghin cu Qun l mi trng th Vit Nam

Tp 6: Bo co Nghin cu Qun l cht thi rn ti Vit Nam

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Mc lc

Danh mc Bng iii Danh mc Hnh vi Danh mc nh viii Danh mc Vit tt ix Chng 1 Qun l cht thi rn ti Vit Nam 1 1.1 Thng tin chung v Vit Nam 1 1.2 Thng tin chung v cht thi ti Vit Nam 1

Chng 2 Qun l cht thi rn th (QLCTRT) 3 2.1 Thc trng QLCTRT Vit Nam 3

2.1.1 C ch hnh chnh 3 2.1.2 Khung php l 6 2.1.3 Chnh sch v chin lc v QLCTRT 8 2.1.4 Cc nh ti tr v khu vc t nhn c lin quan 12

2.2 Hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti cc thnh ph nghin cu 16 2.2.1 Tng quan 16 2.2.2 H Ni 20 2.2.3 Hi Phng 30 2.2.4 Hu 34 2.2.5 Nng 37 2.2.6 Thnh ph H Ch Minh 42 2.2.7 Cc tn ti chnh v QLCTRT 50

2.3 nh hng v cc bin php c xut ( xut l trnh ) 59 2.3.1 Ni dung l trnh 59 2.3.2 S lc v mi chng trnh hnh ng trong l trnh 64

Chng 3 Qun l cht thi cng nghip 69 3.1 Hin trng qun l cht thi rn cng nghip ti Vit Nam 69

3.1.1 Khung php l v hnh chnh 69 3.1.2 Chnh sch v chin lc v qun l CTR cng nghip 74 3.1.3 Hin trng qun l CTR cng nghip ti Vit Nam 73 3.1.4 H tr ca cc nh ti tr 80

3.2 Hin trng qun l cht thi cng nghip ti cc a bn mc tiu 82 3.2.1 Tng quan 82

3.2.2 Thnh ph H Ni 84 3.2.3 Thnh ph Hi Phng 86 3.2.4 Tnh Tha Thin Hu 87 3.2.5 Thnh ph Nng 88 3.2.6 Thnh ph H Ch Minh 90 3.2.7 Tnh ng Nai 93 3.2.8 Tnh B Ra Vng Tu 94 3.2.9 Tnh Bnh Dng 94 3.3 Kt qu kho st thc t v qun l cht thi cng nghip ti cc a bn mc tiu 95

3.3.1 Khi qut v kho st thc t v pht sinh cht thi cng nghip ni chung 95



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3.3.2 Kt qu kho st 96 3.3.3 Bng so snh mc pht sinh cht thi cng nghip 108 3.3.4 Cc vn chnh v qun l cht thi cng nghip 118

3.4 L trnh qun l cht thi cng nghip Vit Nam 120 3.4.1 Ni dung l trnh 120 3.4.1 Ni dung ca mi nhim v trong l trnh 120

Chng 4 Qun l cht thi v nc thi y t (QLCTNTYT) 128 4.1 Hin trng qun l cht thi rn v nc thi y t Vit Nam 128

4.1.1 Khung php l v khung hnh chnh 128 4.1.2 Chnh sch v chin lc v qun l cht thi v nc thi y t 133 4.1.3 Hin trng qun l cht thi v nc thi y t ti Vit Nam 134 4.1.4 Thc hin Quyt nh s 64/2003/QD-TTg 143 4.1.5 Cc nh ti tr v khu vc t nhn lin quan 146

4.2 Hin trng v cc vn v QLCTNTYT ti cc thnh ph nghin cu 149 4.2.1 Cc bnh vin c kho st trong khu vc nghin cu 149 4.2.2 Qun l cht thi v nc thi y t ti cc thnh ph nghin cu 161 4.2.3 Cc vn chnh trong qun l cht thi v nc thi y t 173

4.3 L trnh ci thin QLCTRNTYT ti VIt Nam 175 4.3.1 Chin lc v k hoch pht trin ca chnh ph 175 4.3.2 K hoch hnh ng xut nhm ci thin QLCTRNTYT ti Vit Nam 177



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Danh mc Bng

Bng 1-1: Tng quan qun l cht thi rn Vit Nam Bng 1-2: Lng cht thi pht sinh Vit Nam Bng 1-3: c tnh lng cht thi pht sinh Vit Nam Bng 2-1: Khung php l v qun l cht thi rn Bng 2-2: Chng trnh hnh ng v vai tr ca cc b/ngnh c lin quan v Qun l tng

hp cht thi rn Bng 2-3: K hoch xut 7 vng x l CTR lin tnh Bng 2-4: Cc d n ODA ch yu ca Nht c lin quan n lnh vc qun l cht thi rn

th ti cc thnh ph nghin cu Bng 2-5: Cc d n ch yu v qun l cht thi rn th ti Vit Nam ca cc nh ti tr

khc Bng 2-6: Cc c s x l do khu vc t nhn u t ti cc thnh ph nghin cu Bng 2-7: Cc cng ty khng thuc s hu nh nc tham gia thu gom v vn chuyn cht

thi rn th ti H Ni v Hi Phng Bng 2-8: Phm vi hot ng chnh ca cc cng ty v sinh mi trng ti Tp.HCM Bng 2-9: S lc QLCTRT ti cc thnh ph nghin cu Bng 2-10: C s QLCTRT ti nm thnh ph nghin cu Bng 2-11: T l pht sinh cht thi rn th ti cc thnh ph nghin cu Bng 2-12: T l pht sinh cht thi rn ti cc h gia nh Bng 2-13: Thnh phn cht thi h gia nh Bng 2-14: Lng cht thi QLCTRT pht sinh ti H Ni Bng 2-15: Cc cng ty thu gom ti H Ni Bng 2-16: Khi qut m hnh phn loi ngun H Ni (m hnh ti H Ni) Bng 2-17: Ni dung cc hot ng 3R ti H Ni Bng 2-18: Cc lng ngh trong v xung quanh H Ni Bng 2-19: Danh mc c s x l v tiu hu rc H Ni Bng 2-20: Lng rc thi ti cc c s QLCTR H Ni Bng 2-21: Thnh phn rc n cc c s x l QLCTR H Ni Bng 2-22: Danh sch cc c s x l QLCTRT Hi Phng Bng 2-23: Lng rc n tng c s x l rc Hi Phng Bng 2-24: Thnh phn rc tip nhn ti cc c s QLCTR Hi Phng Bng 2-25: C s x l CTR Hu Bng 2-26: Lng rc tip nhn ti c s x l Hu Bng 2-27: Thnh phn rc tip nhn ti cc c s x l CTR thnh ph Hu Bng 2-28: T l thu gom rc thi Nng Bng 2-29: T l thu gom rc thi theo tng phng php Bng 2-30: S lc bi chn lp Khnh Sn Nng Bng 2-31: Lng cht thi tip nhn bi chn lp Ha Khnh Nng Bng 2-32: Thnh phn rc tip nhn ti bi chn lp Ha Khnh Bng 2-33: Ngun pht sinh rc thi QLCTRT Tp.HCM Bng 2-34: S lc d n nghin cu phn loi ti ngun ti thnh ph HCM Bng 2-35: S lc cc trm trung chuyn ti thnh ph HCM Bng 2-36: T l thu gom rc thi rn thnh ph HCM Bng 2-37: S lc hot ng ca cc c s QLCTRT tp HCM Bng 2-38: Gii thiu v REFU Bng 2-39: Thng k v cc c s ti ch ti thnh ph H Ch Minh Bng 2-40: Ni dung k hoch ti ch ti Phc Hip v ng Thnh Bng 2-41: Ni dung ca ngy hi ti ch ti thnh ph H Ch Minh Bng 2-42: Lng rc tip nhn ti cc c s QLCTR tp HCM Bng 2-43: Lng rc tip nhn v trung chuyn ti trm trung chuyn Tp.HCM Bng 2-44: Thnh phn rc tip nhn ti cc c s QLCTR Tp.HCM



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Bng 2-45: Ni dung l trnh Bng 2-46: Tm tt l trnh Bng 3-1: Tn c quan qun l KCN Bng 3-2: Chin lc quc gia bo v mi trng v qun l cht thi cng nghip Bng 3-3: S lng doanh nghip Vit Nam Bng 3-4: S lng doanh nghip Vit Nam Bng 3-5: Din tch t ca cc KCN Bng 3-6: Xu hng ca tng lng cht thi, CTR cng nghip, cht thi cng nghip nguy

hi trong giai on 1999 - 2025 Bng 3-7: S lng cng ty x l cht thi nguy hi c Cc qun l cht thi cp php Bng 3-8: V tr v s lng cc lng ngh Vit Nam Bng 3-9: Ti ch cc lng ngh Bng 3-10: D n th im v sn xut nng lng rc thi cng nghip Nam Sn Bng 3-11: Ni dung ca d n pht trin v ng dng h thng k khai in t Bng 3-12: S lng KCN c thnh lp v hot ng v tng din tch ti khu vc nghin

cu Bng 3-13: Cht thi pht sinh ti khu vc nghin cu Bng 3-14: C s x l cht thi cng nghip nguy hi ti khu vc nghin cu Bng 3-15: Khi qut v cc c s x l thuc URENCO H Ni Bng 3-16: Lng cht thi cng nghip x l bi URENCO H Ni Bng 3-17: Khi qut v cc c s x l thuc URENCO Nng Bng 3-18: Khi qut v cc thit b x l ca CITENCO Bng 3-19: Khi qut v cc thit b x l ca VINAUSEEN Bng 3-20: Tng lng cht thi x l trong giai on 2007-2009 v k hoch n 2020 ca

VINAUSEEN Bng 3-21: Danh sch cc thit b ca VINAUSEEN Bng 3-22: Khi qut v thit b x l ca cng ty TNHH Mi trng xanh Bng 3-23: Ni dung kho st thc t v pht sinh cht thi cng nghip ni chung Bng 3-24: S lng doanh nghip tr li bng cu hi theo khu vc nghin cu Bng 3-25: S lng doanh nghip tr li phn theo cc ngnh cng nghip Bng 3-26: Quy m lao ng ca cc doanh nghip tr li Bng 3-27: Quy m lao ng ca cc doanh nghip tr li trong khu vc nghin cu Bng 3-28: Tm tt lng cht thi Bng 3-29: Khi lng mi loi rc thi ti khu vc nghin cu Bng 3-30: S lng cc cu tr li v khi lng mi loi cht thi ti khu vc nghin cu Bng 3-31: Khi lng mi loi cht thi ca mi ngnh cng nghip Bng 3-32: S lng cc cu tr li v khi lng mi loi cht thi theo ngnh cng nghip Bng 3-33: Khi lng mi loi cht thi theo quy m lao ng Bng 3-34: S cu tr li v khi lng mi loi cht thi theo quy m lao ng Bng 3-35: Phng php x l cc cht thi cng nghip khng nguy hi Bng 3-36: Thu gom cht thi cng nghip khng nguy hi Bng 3-37: X l cht thi cng nghip khng nguy hi (1) Bng 3-38: X l cht thi cng nghip khng nguy hi (2) Bng 3-39: Phng php x l cht thi rn nguy hi Bng 3-40: Thu gom cht thi cng nghip nguy hi Bng 3-41: X l cht thi cng nghip nguy hi (1) Bng 3-42: X l cht thi cng nghip nguy hi (2) Bng 3-43: Kh khn ca cc doanh nghip Bng 3-44: Hnh ng bo v mi trng ti cc doanh nghip Bng 3-45: Hin trng p dng ISO v CSR Bng 3-46: Kt qu cc bng so snh (1) Bng 3-47: Kt qu cc bng so snh (2) Bng 3-48: Kt qu cc bng so snh (3) Bng 3-49: L trnh ci thin cng tc qun l cht thi cng nghip Vit Nam



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Bng 4-1: Bng so snh cc quy nh lin quan n Qun l cht thi rn v nc thi y t Bng 4-2: S lng cc c s y t v ging bnh nm 2008 Bng 4-3: Lng cht thi y t pht sinh ti cc bnh vin v cc khoa trong bnh vin Bng 4-4: V d v phn tch thnh phn cht thi y t (% da trn khi lng t) Bng 4-5: Tiu chun nc cp v lng nc thi ti cc c s y t Bng 4-6: V d v nc thi theo khoa Bng 4-7: Mt s kt qu ch yu ca kho st QLCTRNTYT do Vin V sinh mi trng v

sc khe lao ng thc hin. Bng 4-8: Yeec cu k thut v l t cht thi rn y t Bng 4-9: Cc bnh vin trong a bn nghin cu nm trong danh sch Quyt nh 64 Bng 4-10: Cc hot ng ti tr v QLCTRNTYT ti Vit Nam Bng 4-11: S lng v cc loi hnh c s y t kho st Bng 4-12: Tng s ging bnh ca cc bnh vin c phiu tr li Bng 4-13: Khi lng CTR y t pht thi ti cc bnh vin kho st Bng 4-14: Cng ngh x l cht thi ti ch ca cc bnh bin kho st Bng 4-15: S lng bnh vin c v khng c h thng x l nc thi Bng 4-16: Cc bnh vin v s ging bnh ti Hi Phng Bng 4-17: Cc bnh vin v s ging bnh ti H Ni Bng 4-18: Cc bnh vin v s ging bnh ti Tha Thin Hu Bng 4-20: Cc bnh vin v s ging bnh ti Nng Bng 4-21: Cc bnh vin v s ging bnh ti Tp. HCM Bng 4-22: Cc ch s v mc tiu pht trin QLCTRNTYT ti Vit Nam Bng 4-23: Cc chng trnh v mc tiu xut ca l trnh Bng 4-24: L trnh xut nhm ci thin QLCTRNTYT ti Vit Nam



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Danh mc Hnh

Hnh 2-1: S t chc B xy dng v cc V/Cc lin quan Hnh 2-2: S t chc MONRE v cc b phn lin quan v QLCTR Hnh 2-3: Khung th ch v qun l cht thi rn Vit Nam Hnh 2-4: H thng thu gom v vn chuyn CTRT ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hnh 2-5: S t chc ca S Xy Dng H Ni Hnh 2-6: Quy hoch c s QLCTR ti H Ni Hnh 2-7: C cu ngn sch qun l cht thi rn ti URENCO H Ni Hnh 2-8: V tr c s x l CTR ti H Ni Hnh 2-9: S lu chuyn cht thi ti H Ni Hnh 2-10: V tr cc c s x l QLCTR ti Hi Phng Hnh 2-11: Lu chuyn rc Hi Phng Hnh 2-12: V tr cc c s x l cht thi rn ti Hu Hnh 2-13: Dng lu chuyn cht thi rn ti Hu Hnh 2-14: V tr 11 trm trung chuyn ti Nng Hnh 2-15: V ch bi chn lp cht thi rn ti Nng Hnh 2-16: Dng lu chuyn cht thi rn ti Nng Hnh 2-17: H thng QLCTRT ti Tp, HCM Hnh 2-18: V tr cc khu x l CTR ti Tp. HCM Hnh 2-19: Dng lu chuyn cht thi rn th ti Tp.HCM Hnh 3-1: H thng qun l mi trng hin hnh cc khu cng nghip Hnh 3-2: H thng thanh tra ti cc KCN Hnh 3-3: Xu hng v t l cc doanh nghip ti Vit Nam Hnh 3-4: Pht trin KCN v t s dng cho KCN Hnh 3-5: V tr cc KCN c thnh lp Hnh 3-6: V tr KCN ti thnh ph H Ni Hnh 3-7: V tr KCN ti thnh ph Hi Phng Hnh 3-8: V tr cc KCN ti Tnh Tha Thin Hu Hnh 3-9: V tr cc KCN ti Nng Hnh 3-10: V tr cc KCN ti Tp.HCM Hnh 3-11: V tr cc KCN ti tnh ng Nai Hnh 3-12: V tr cc KCN ti tnh B Ra Vng Tu Hnh 3-13: V tr cc KCN ti tnh Bnh Dng Hnh 3-14: S v tr im kho st bng hi Hnh 3-15: Phng php x l cht thi cng nghip thng thng Hnh 3-16: Phng php x l cht thi cng nghip nguy hi Hnh 3-17: Kh khn ca cc doanh nghip Hnh 3-18 p dng v thc hin ISO/CSR Hnh 4-1: C cu hnh chnh v qun l cht thi v nc thi y t cp trung ng v a phng Hnh 4-2: C cu t chc B Y t Hnh 4-3: V d v nc thi y t ti mt s bnh vin Hnh 4-4: S rt gn mt s cng ngh x l nc thi Hnh 4-5: C cu s lng ging bnh ti cc bnh vin kho st Hnh 4-6: Thng ng cht thi sc nhn phn loi Hnh 4-7: Cc phng tin thu gom cht thi trong phm vi bnh vin Hnh 4-8: Ni lu tr tm thi ti cc bnh vin kho st Hnh 4-9: Phng php x l cht thi ly nhim ti cc bnh vin c kho st Hnh 4-10: Cc phng php x l cht thi ho cht ti cc bnh vin kho st Hnh 4-11 Phng php x l cht thi phng x Hnh 4-12 Ph x l cht thi y t nguy hi thu ngoi Hnh 4-13 Ph x l cht thi thng thng thu ngoi Hnh 4-14 S lng cn b, nhn vin ph trch qun l cht thi ti cc bnh vin kho st Hnh 4-15 Thi im lp t h thng x l nc thi



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Hnh 4-16 L do khng hot ng ca h thng x l nc thi Hnh 4-17 Cc h thng x l nc thi ti cc bnh vin c kho st Hnh 4-18 Chi ph ban u cho h thng x l nc thi Hnh 4-19 T l c cu chi ph ban u cho h thng x l nc thi Hnh 4-20 Chi ph vn hnh & duy tr h thng x l nc thi Hnh 4-21 Qun l nc thi ti cc bnh vin kho st Hnh 4-22 Cc chng trnh nng cao nhn thc cho cn b y t Hnh 4-23 Tp hun/ Chng trnh gio dc cho nhn vin (khng phi cn b y t)



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Danh mc nh

nh 2-1: H thng thu gom rc xe y tay v thu gom bng thng nh 2-2: Phn loi rc ti ngun ti H Ni nh 2-3: Thng thu gom v h thng trm trung chuyn ti Nng nh 2-4: Cht thi rn ti cc lng ngh ti ch Bc Ninh nh 2-5: Trm trung chuyn ti thnh ph Nng nh 2-6: Trm trung chuyn ti thnh ph H Ch Minh nh 2-7: Ngy hi ti ch ti thnh ph H Ch Minh nh 4-1: Mt s v d v h thng x l nc thi ti cc bnh vin Vit Nam nh 4-2: Cng ngh x l nc thi bnh vin nh 4-3: L t cht thi y t ti URENCO Hi Phng nh 4-4: L t cht thi y t ca URENCO H Ni nh 4-5: L t cht thi y t ti Tha Thin Hu nh 4-6: Cc l t cht thi y t ca CITENCO thnh ph H Ch Minh.



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Danh mc vit tt

MSW Cht thi rn th (CTRT) IW Cht thi cng nghip (CTCN) MW Cht thi y t (CTYT) MONRE B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (BTNMT) MOC B Xy dng (BXD) WEPA Cc qun l cht thi v Ci thin mi trng VEA Tng cc Mi trng EIA nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) MOH B Y t MPI B K hoch u t MOF B Ti chnh MOIT B Thng tin Truyn thng PPCs y ban nhn dn (UBND) DOF S Ti chnh DOC S Xy dng DONRE S Ti nguyn Mi trng (S TNMT) URENCO Cng ty Mi trng th MSWM Qun l cht thi rn th (QLCTRT) ISWM Qun l cht thi rn cng nghip (QLCTRCN) MWWM Qun l cht thi rn y t (QLCTRYT) SWM Qun ly cht thi rn (QLCTR) HPC y ban nhn dn thnh ph H Ni HEPCO Cng ty Mi trng v Cng trnh th Hu IP Khu Cng nghip (KCN) ISO International Organization for Standardization/ T chc Tiu chun Quc t CSR Corporate Social Responsibility/ Trch nhim x hi JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency/ C quan hp tc quc t Nht Bn WHO World Health Organization/ T chc y t th gii UNDP United Nations Development Program/ Chng trnh pht trin Lin hip quc ODA Official Development Assistance/ H tr pht trin chnh thc



1 Bo co tin (2)

CHNG 1 QUN L CHT THI RN VIT NAM

1.1 Thng tin chung v Vit Nam

Vit Nam l quc gia nm pha ng bn o ng Dng ng Nam . Vit Nam tip gip vi Trung Quc pha bc, Lo pha ty bc, Campuchia pha ty nam v Bin ng pha ng. Din tch ca Vit Nam khong 330,000km2, l quc gia ln th 65 trn th gii. Nm 2009, dn s khong 85.7 triu ngi, a Vit Nam ng th 14 v quc gia ng dn trn th gii nhng cng gy p lu di i vi ngun li t nhin. Trong nhng nm tip theo, d on t l th ho Vit Nam tip tc tng. c tnh dn s nm 2015 vng th l 35 triu ngi (chim 38% tng s dn c nc), n nm 2025 l 52 triu ngi (chim 50% tng s dn c nc).

1.2. Thng tin chung v cht thi Vit Nam

Theo Ngh nh s 59/2007/ND-CP ngy 9 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph, qun l cht thi Vit Nam c chia thnh cht thi rn thng thng v cht thi rn nguy hi. V h thng qun l, cht thi rn c chia thnh ba loi: cht thi rn sinh hot, cht thi cng nghip v cht thi y t.

Theo s liu thng k ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Vit Nam pht sinh hn 15 triu tn rc thi t nhiu ngun khc nhau. Trn 80% (12.8 triu tn/nm) l t ngun thi sinh hot, gm h gia nh, nh hng, ch v cc c s kinh doanh. Ngnh cng nghip pht sinh ra hn 2.6 triu tn rc thi (17 phn trm) mi nm, y l ngun quan trng ng th hai. Khong 160.000 tn/nm (1 phn trm) cht thi ca Vit Nam c coi l cht nguy hi, gm cht thi y t nguy hi t bnh vin, cht thi nguy hi hoc d chy t qu trnh sn xut cng nghip, thuc tr su v cht bo v thc vt trong nng nghip. Nu khng c qun l tt, cc cht thi y t, c hi, d gy ung th v cc cht c hi khc trong rc thi s l mi e do ln i vi sc kho v mi trng cng cng. Cc con s ny c m t ti Bng 1.1 v 1.2.

Bng 1-1. Tng quan qun l cht thi rn Vit Nam Pht sinh cht thi rn sinh hot (tn/nm) Ton quc Vng th Nng thn

12,800,000 6,400,000 6,400,000

Pht sinh cht thi c hi t ngnh cng nghip (tn/nm) 128,400 Pht sinh cht thi khng c hi t ngnh cng nghip (tn/nm) 2,510,000 Pht sinh cht thi y t c hi (tn/nm) 21,000 Pht sinh cht thi sinh hot (kg/ngi/ngy Ton quc Vng th Nng thn

0.4 0.7 0.3

Thu gom cht thi% cht thi pht sinh) Vng th Nng thn Cc h ngho th

71%



2 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 1-2 Lng cht thi pht sinh Vit Nam

Hng mc Ngun x thi Loi cht rn S lng (tn/nm)

th Nng thn Tng s

CTR sinh hot Khu thng mi, khu dn c, ch cht thi nh bp, nha, giy, thu tinh v.v 6,400 6,400 12,800

Cht thi cng nghip (khng nguy hi) Cng nghip kim loi, g v.v. 1,740 770 2,510 Cht thi cng nghip (nguy hi) Cng nghip

du t, bn thi, ho cht hu c 126 2.4 128

Cht thi y t (nguy hi) Bnh vin giy, mu, kim tim v.v. - - 21.5

Tng (khng bao gm cht thi nng nghip) 8,266 7,172 15,459

Cht thi nng nghip Trng trt, chn nui Cht trng trt N.A. 64,560 64,560

Ngun: World Bank [2004]

c tnh lng cht thi Vit Nam c th hin bng di y. c tnh cht thi sinh hot v cht thi cng nghip s tng nhanh trong vng t 10 n 15 nm ti.

Bng 1-3 c tnh lng cht thi pht sinh Vit Nam (n v: triu tn)

Nm/loi Cht thi sinh hot Cht thi rn Cng nghip Cht thi y t

Cht thi rn nng thn

Cht thi t cc lng ngh Tng cng

2015 22.2 9.6 0.2 9.8 1.8 43.6

2020 35.2 20.8 0.3 8.8 2.5 67.6

2025 51.7 27.8 0.3 7.6 3.6 91.0 Ngun: Chin lc quc gia v qun l cht thi rn tng hp n nm 2025 v tm nhn ti nm 2050



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CHNG 2 QUN L CHT THI RN TH (QLCTRT)

2.1 Thc trng QLCTRT Vit Nam 2.1.1 C ch hnh chnh

(1) Cp quc gia Nhn chung, c quan nh nc qun l mi trng Vit Nam l B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (MONRE) vi ba n v hnh chnh chnh c giao quyn qun l nh nc v cht thi, trong bao gm Cc qun l cht thi v ci thin mi trng (WEPA), Tng cc mi trng Vit Nam (VEA). Tuy nhin, v qun l cht thi sinh hot (QLCTRT), B Xy dng (MOC) l c quan u mi v qun l QLCTRT. Ngoi ra, cc b khc v U ban nhn dn cp tnh (c quan hnh chnh a phng tnh/thnh ca Vit Nam) cng tham gia trc tip vo cc hot ng qun l cht thi.

B Xy dng (MOC): l c quan trung ng ph trch trc tip v vn qun l cht thi rn th v cc khu x l cht thi. Trch nhim v thm quyn ca b v qun l cht thi rn nh sau: S t chc ca MOC c th hin ti Hnh 1.1 di y.

o Xy dng chnh sch v th ch, quy hoch v xy dng cc c s x l cht thi rn.

o Xy dng v qun l k hoch xy dng c s h tng v cht thi cp quc gia v tnh.

Hnh 2-1 S t chc B xy dng v cc V/Cc lin quan B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (MONRE): l c quan chu trch nhim v qun l

v bo v mi trng Vit Nam. Vai tr ca b v qun l cht thi l phi hp



4 Bo co tin (2)

vi cc b khc ban hnh hng dn, quy nh, tiu chun v qun l cht thi, xy dng k hoch qun l cht thi hng nm v di hn, xy dng chnh sch v chin lc, k hoch v phn b ngn sch nghin cu v phat trin cho cc d n x l cht thi v ph duyt, ph chun bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA). S t chc MONRE nh sau:

Hnh 2-2 S t chc MONRE v cc b phn lin quan v QLCTR B Y t (MOH): MOH tham gia qun l cht thi y t. Trch nhim ca b v qun

l cht thi ch yu l nh gi tc ng cht thi rn i vi sc kho con ngi, thanh tra, gim st hot ng x l cht thi bnh vin.

B K hoch v u t (MPI): l c quan ban hnh chnh sch c nh hng nht cp b v nhim v ca b l xut Chnh ph ph duyt phn b ngn sch nh nc ni chung. V qun l cht thi, B K hoch v u t cng B Ti chnh xem xt cp vn v ti chnh cho cc b, c quan ca chnh ph v a phng thc hin k hoch qun l cht thi trn c s k hoch qun l cht thi di hn. Ngoi ra, B K hoch v u t phi hp vi B Ti chnh xy dng cc u i v kinh t thc y hot ng qun l cht thi; nh l u i thu, khu hao ti sn c nh v u i s dng t.

B Ti chnh (MOF): cng vi B K hoch v u t phn b ngn sch cho cc hot ng qun l cht thi.Tuy nhin, c quan ny tp trung vo cc vn ti chnh v gi c.

B Thng tin Truyn thng (MOIT): hng dn tuyn truyn ph cp ti liu php lut v qun l cht thi nng cao nhn thc v trch nhim ca cng ng v bo v mi trng.



5 Bo co tin (2)

Mi quan h gia cc c quan chnh ph Vit nam v qun l cht thi rn c th hin ti Hnh 2-3. Tham kho thng tin v chc nng, vai tr ca tng c quan ti Ch th s 199/1997/CT-TTg.

Cht thi rn y t

Cht thi rn cng nghip

Nguy hi Khng nguy hi Nguy hi Khng nguy hi

Cht thi rn th

MONRE MOC MOH

MPI & MOF

: Qun l trc tip : Qun l gin tip : Quan h v ti chnh

Hnh 2-3 Khung th ch v qun l cht thi rn Vit Nam (2) Cp a phng

Hi ng nhn dn: l i din ca c quan quyn lc ca nh nc a phng. Hi ng nhn dn do dn a phng bu v c quyn lc cao nht cp a phng.

U ban nhn dn: l c quan chp hnh ca Hi ng nhn dn, chu trch nhim qun l nh nc a phng. Trch nhim qun l cht thi ca c quan ny nh sau:

o Thc hin quy nh qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng a phng, ch o cc c quan chc nng t chc, phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trung c xy dng k hoch thng nin v di hn v qun l cht thi, p dng cc bin php gip a phng thc hin tt nhim v ca mnh v v sinh mi trng.

o Ph duyt cc d n x l cht thi a phng trn c s iu kin dn s, kinh t x hi v iu kin cng nghip tng a phng.

o Huy ng vn u t t cc ngun khc nhau xy dng bi chn rc v xy dng c ch khuyn khch cc t chc phi chnh ph tham gia qun l cht thi.

o Ch o DOC v/hoc DONRE cp tnh/a phng thc hin cc d n x l cht thi gm thit k, xy dng, gim st, EIA v.v theo tiu chun mi trng v xy dng ca Vit Nam.

o Ch o TUPWS v URENCO cp tnh/a phng t chc thu gom, vn chuyn v x l rc thi, ph duyt ph thu gom v x l rc thi theo khuyn ngh ca S Ti chnh tnh/a phng (DOF).

S xy dng (DOC): l c quan cp tnh, hot ng theo ch o ca c PPC v MOC. Trch nhim v qun l cht thi rn sinh hot v vng chn lp rc thi gm: gim st vic thc hin quy hoch th ca tnh hoc thnh ph c Th tng ph duyt, t chc thit k v xy dng cc d n chn lp rc thi theo tiu chun mi trng v xy dng, h tr PPC ra quyt nh v cc d n c s x l cht thi, phi hp vi DONRE bo co v xut vng chn lp rc thi ph hp cho PPC ph duyt.



6 Bo co tin (2)

S Ti nguyn v mi trng (DONRE): tng t nh DOC, c quan ny hot ng theo ch o ca hai cp: PPC v mt hnh chnh v chnh tr v MONRE v mt phi hp, h tr v hng dn k thut. DONRE c vai tr quan trng trong qun l cht thi, v gim st cht lng mi trng, qun l v thc hin cc chnh sch v quy nh v qun l cht thi do MONRE v PPC ban hnh, ph duyt EIA cho cc d n x l cht thi, phi hp vi DOC xem xt v la chn cc bi chn lp rc thi, sau xut vi PPC ph duyt bi chn lp ph hp nht.

Tuy nhin, vai tr ca DOC v DONRE trong qun l cht thi rn ph thuc vo tnh cht v t chc ca tng tnh thnh v gia chng c th c khc bit.

Cng ty mi trng th (URENCO) (c th mi tnh thnh c tn gi khc nhau tu theo chc nng v vai tr ca cng ty): l cng ty nh nc chu trch nhim thu gom, vn chuyn, x l cht thi tnh hoc thnh ph. V cc d n chn lp rc thi, URENCO thng c giao lm ch d n chn lp rc thi ng thi qun l, vn hnh bi chn lp. Ngoi ra, URENCO c th chu trch nhim thu gom rc thi rn, gi v sinh cng cng, chiu sng th, trng cy xanh v chm sc cy trn cc tuyn ph.

2.1.2. Khung php l Chnh ph Vit Nam ban hnh nhiu cng c php l quy nh v qun l cht thi rn, gm danh sch sau:

Bng 2-1 Khung php l v qun l cht thi rn Vn bn php l C quan xy

dng C quan thc hin

Lut bo v mi trng ni chung Lut bo v mi trng Quc hi Chnh ph quy nh chi tit lut

ny Quyt nh s 64/2003/Q-TTg ngy 22 thng 4 nm 2003 ca Th tng chnh ph ph duyt k hoch qun l cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng

MONRE, MOST

MONRE, MOST Chnh quyn a phng c cc c s gy nhim

Ngh nh s 117/2009 ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2009 do chnh ph ban hnh quy nh quy ch x pht vi phm hnh chnh v bo v mi trng

MONRE MONRE B cng an v cc b lin quan, y ban nhn dn cc tnh

Cc vn bn php l v cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi

Quyt nh s 2149/2009/QD-TTg ngy 17 thng 12 nm 2009 ca Th tng chnh ph ph duyt Chin lc quc gia v qun l tng hp cht thi rn n nm 2015, tm nhn n nm 2050

MOC and MONRE

MONRE, MOC, MARD, MOIC, MOH, MOET v cc b lin quan

Ngh nh s 59/2007/ND-CP ngy 9 thng 4 nm 2007 ca chnh ph ban hnh quy nh v hot ng qun l cht thi rn, quyn hn v trch nhim ca cc c nhn, t chc lin quan n qun l cht thi rn

MOC MOC, MONRE v cc b lin quan

Quyt nh s 152/1999/Q-TTg ngy 10 thng 7 ca Th tng chnh ph ph duyt chin lc quc gia v qun l cht thi rn ti cc khu cng nghip v khu th n nm 2020

MOC MOC, MOSTE MOPI, MOF, MOI, MOH v cc b lin quan

Ch th s 199/TTg ngy 3 thng 4 nm 1997 ca Th tng chnh ph v cc bin php khn cp qun l cht thi rn th khu cng nghip v khu th

n/a MOC, MOI, MOH, MOPI, MOF, MOT, MOSTE, MOCI y ban nhn dn tnh



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Vn bn php l C quan xy dng

C quan thc hin

Vn bn php l v ti ch

Quyt nh s 03/2004/Q-BTNMT ngy 2 thng 4 nm 2004 ca B ti nguyn v mi trng v nhp khu ph liu lm nguyn liu sn xut trong nc

MONRE DONREs, VEPA (MONRE)

Cc c s h tng qun l cht thi

Quyt nh s 1440/2008/QD-TTg ngy 6 thng 10 nm 2008 ca Th tng chnh ph ph duyt k hoch cc c s x l cht thi ti ba vng kinh t trng im min Bc, Trung, Nam n nm 2020

MOC MOC, MOPI, MONRE, MOST, MOF y ban nhn dn tnh

Thng t lin b s 01/2001/TTLT-BKHCNMT-BXD ngy 18 thng 1 nm 2001 hng dn cc quy nh v bo v mi trng i vi vic chn la a im , xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn

MOSTE, MOC

MOSTE, MOC

Ph v l ph qun l cht thi rn

Ngh nh s 174/2007/ND-CP ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2009 ca chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi cht thi rn

MOF MOF, MONRE cc b lin quan v y ban nhn dn tnh

Thng t s 39/2008/TT-BTC ngy 19 thng 5 nm 2008 ca b Ti chnh hng dn vic thi thnh Ngh nh s 174/2007/ND-CP ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2008 ca chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi cht thi rn

MOF MOF, MONRE cc b lin quan v y ban nhn dn tnh

Thng t s 45/2006/TT-BTC ngy 25 thng 5 ca b Ti chnh iu chnh, b sung thng t s 63/2002/TT-BTC v ph v l ph

MOF MOF

Thng t s 121/2008/TT-BTC ngy 12 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti chnh hng dn c ch u i v h tr ti chnh i vi hot ng u t cho qun l cht thi rn

MOF MOF, MONRE

Thng t lin tch s 45/2010/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT ngy 30 thng 03 nm 2010 hng dn qun l qu mi trng

MOF, MONRE

MOF,MONRE, cc B lin quan v cc y ban nhn dn tnh

Tiu chun

QCVN 07:2010/BXD H tng k thut th, chng 9 SWM

MOC MOC, cc B lin quan v cc y ban nhn dn tnh

QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi bi rc

MONRE MONRE, cc B lin quan v cc y ban nhn dn tnh

Ngh nh s 59/2007/ND-CP

Ngh nh s 59/2007/ND-TTg ngy 9 thng 4 nm 2008 ca Th tng chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn. Ngh nh ny ban hnh quy nh ca chnh ph t giai on lp k hoch n giai on x l, quan trc v thanh tra trong ngnh qun l cht thi rn.

Lp k hoch: Quy hoch x l cht thi rn c chia thnh hai cp l cp lin th hoc cp cc vng kinh t trng im v cp tnh. cp tnh, ch tch y ban nhn dn tnh s t chc vic xy dng v ph duyt k hoch qun l cht thi rn. B Xy dng s hp tc vi y ban nhn dn tnh xy dng quy hoch qun l cht thi rn ca tng vng hoc quy hoch cht thi rn lin tnh.

u t: Nh nc khuyn khch nhiu dng u t vo ngnh qun l cht thi rn nh BBC, BOT, BTO, BT v v.v nh quy nh trong Lut u t. Nh u t cn c h tr bng cc chnh sch u i nh: min ph s dng t, h tr bi thng t, u i v tn dng

Phn loi ti ngun: Quyt nh ny quy nh nhiu ni dung v phn loi cht thi ti ngun. Quyt nh ny quy nh rng cht thi phi c phn loi ti ngun v x l ng cch. V qun l cht thi rn, nhng i tng pht thi phi phn loi v x cht thi ng quy nh. Cht thi



8 Bo co tin (2)

nguy hi phi c tch ra khi cht thi thng thng theo ng cch. Danh mc cht thi nguy hi cng c MONRE ban hnh.

Thu gom, lu tr v vn chuyn: cc doanh nghip hot ng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l cht thi nguy hi phi ng k vi cc c quan c thm quyn. Cc i tng pht thi cht thi nguy hi ch c k hp ng x l vi cc doanh nghip c cc c quan c thm quyn cp php. Hng dn v qun l cht thi nguy hi c MONRE ban hnh.

X l:Ph thuc vo tnh cht, thnh phn ca cht thi rn v iu kin a phng la chn cng ngh x l ph hp. Tuy nhin, khuyn khch la chn cng ngh tin tin v ti ch rc thi, x l rc thi gim kch c bi rc, sn sinh nng lng v m bo v sinh mi trng.

Chi ph qun l cht thi rn: v qun l cht thi rn, ngoi ngn sch thu c t ph v sinh, chi ph cn c tr gi mt phn t chnh ph. Trong khi , chi ph qun l cht thi nguy hi nn thu t cc i tng pht thi da trn cc hp ng gia bn pht thi v cc cng ty thu gom, vn chuyn v x l cht thi. y ban nhn dn tnh cn ban hnh cc quy ch v dch v cng theo hng dn ca B Xy dng.

Quan trc, iu tra v x l vi phm: Cc c quan iu tra mi trng cc cp thc thi chc nng quan trc, iu tra v x l vi phm trong ngnh qun l cht thi rn.

Nguyn tc qun l cht thi rn:

1. Cc t chc, c nhn pht thi cht thi rn hoc c cc hnh ng lin quan n pht thi cht thi rn phi tr ph thu gom, vn chuyn v x l cht thi

2. Cht thi rn phi c phn loi ti ngun, ti ch, ti s dng lm nguyn liu sn xut v to ra nng lng

3.u tin p dng cng ngh x l cc cht thi khng phn hy gim din tch bi rc, tit kim khng gian

4. Khuyn khch x hi ha vic phn loi rc thi, thu gom, vn chuyn v x l rc thi

2.1.3 Chnh sch v chin lc v QLCTR (1) Chin lc quc gia v qun l tng hp cht thi rn Chin lc quc gia v qun l cht thi rn Vit Nam ban hnh theo Quyt nh ca Th tng chnh ph s 2149/QD-TTG v vic ph duyt Chin lc quc gia v qun l tng hp cht thi rn ti nm 2025 v Tm nhn ti nm 2050 (sau y gi tt l Chin lc v QLCTR) c xy dng bi MOC v MONRE trong nm 2009. Chin lc v QLCTR a ra mc tiu qun l cht thi rn, bao gm cht thi sinh hot, cht thi cng nghip, cht thi y t, trong cc nm mc tiu 2015, 2020 v 2025. Tm nhn n nm 2050 v mc tiu nm 2020 c nu trong Chin lc QLCTRCN nh sau:

Tm nhn n nm 2050

Phn u ti nm 2050, tt c cc loi cht thi rn pht sinh u c thu gom, ti s dng v ti ch v x l trit bng nhng cng ngh tin tin, than thin vi mi trng v ph hp vi iu kin thc t ca tng a phng, hn ch khi lng cht thi rn phi chn lp ti mc thp nht.



9 Bo co tin (2)

Mc tiu n nm 2020

+ 90% tng cht thi rn t h gia nh v th c thu gom v x l bo v mi trng, trong 85% s c ti ch, ti s dng, ti to nng lng hoc sn xut phn bn hu c.

+ 80% tng cht thi rn trong xy dng x thi t cc thnh ph s c thu gom, trong 50% c thu gom ti s dng hoc ti ch.

+ 50% phn bn b pht t cc th loi 2 tr ln v 30% cc th cn li s c thu gom v x l an ton vi mi trng. + Gim s dng 65% ti nilon ti siu th v cc trung tm thng mi so vi nm 2010.

+ 80% cc thnh ph c im ring ti ch cht thi rn c phn loi t tng h gia nh.

+ 90% tng lng cht rn cng nghip khng nguy hi s c thu gom v x l bo v mi trng, trong 75% c thu gom ti s dng v ti ch.

+ 70% tng lng cht rn nguy hi t khu cng nghip c x l bo v mi trng. + 100% cht thi rn khng nguy hi v cht thi rn nguy hi t ngnh y t c thu gom v x l bo v mi trng.

+ 70% tng lng cht rn t vng nng thn v 80% t lng ngh c thu gom v x l bo v mi trng.

Trong chin lc v QLCTR, MOC v MONRE l cc b c trch nhim xy dng chnh sch v QLCTR v/hoc 3R (gim thiu, ti s dng v ti ch) cng nh vic thc hin QLCTR thuc v U ban nhn dn cp a phng. Mt khc, l cc n v h tr, vai tr ca MPI, MOF, MOIT, MOH, MARD, MIC cng c quy nh. Ngoi ra, t c mc tiu ca Chin lc v QLCTRCN, chng trnh hnh ng gm 10 chng trnh c xy dng km theo Chin lc trong bng sau.



10 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-2 Chng trnh hnh ng v vai tr ca cc b/ngnh c lin quan v Qun l tng hp cht thi rn

TT Tn chng trnh Mc tiu Thi gian hon thnh C quan ch tr C quan phi hp

1

Thc y phng nga, gim thiu, ti ch, ti s dng cht thi rn

- Xy dng v thc hin cc bin php v ngn chn, gim thiu, ti s dng v ti ch cht thi rn - Xy dng ngnh cng nghip ti ch

2020 MONRE MOC, MOIT, MOH, cc b, ngnh hu quan v U ban nhn dn (PC)

2

Thc y phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun

- Xy dng vn bn v phng hng phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun - Xy dng m hnh v phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun

2015 MONRE MOC, MOIT, MOH, MOF, PC

3 u t xy dng cng trnh x l cht thi rn cp vng

Xy dng vng x l cht thi rn cp khu vc

2020 MOC MOIT, MOH, MPI, MOF, MONRE, MOST, PC

4 X l cht thi rn sinh hot th trong giai on 2009-2020

Xy dng cc nh my p dng cng ngh hn ch lp t x l cht thi rn sinh hot ti 64 tnh

2020 MOC MPI, MOF, MONRE, MOST, PC

5

Phc hi mi trng C s x l v chn lp cht thi

X l bi chn lp cht thi gy nhim mi trng theo quy nh ti Quyt nh s 64/2003/Q-TTg. - Khi phc v ci thin cc vng chn lp cht thi trn ton quc theo tiu chun mi trng

2020 MONRE MOC, MOF, MPI, PC

6 Tng cng qun l cht thi rn vng nng thn v lng ngh

Tng cng QLCTRCN ti vng nng thn v lng ngh

2020 MARD1 MONRE, MOC, PC

7

Xy dng h thng c s d liu v quan trc cht thi rn

Xy dng cc h thng c s d liu hu quan v gim st cht thi trn ton quc nng cao hiu qu m hnh qun l cht thi rn t cp trung ng n a phng

2020 MONRE MOC, MOIT, MOH, PC

8

Gio dc nng cao thc cng ng

Nng cao nhn thc v phn loi, gim, ti ch, ti s dng cho mi tng lp dn nhn thng qua o to v gio dc

2015 MIC MOET, MOIT, MOH, MOC, MONRE

9

Xy dng h thng chnh sch, php lut v th ch v qun l tng hp cht thi rn

Hon thin h thng tiu chun, quy nh, vn bn hng dn k thut, chnh sch, th ch v QLCTRCN

2015 MOC MONRE, MOIT, MOH, MOF, MPI, MOST

10 X l cht thi rn y t trong giai on 2009 - 2025

- m bo n nm 2025, 100% x thi cht thi rn t c s y t c thu gom v x l theo tiu chun mi trng

2025 MOH MONRE, MOC, MOF

Ngun: Chin lc quc gia v qun l cht thi rn tng hp n nm 2025 v tm nhn n nm 2050 L c quan chu trch nhim chnh v tin hnh ISWM, chun b tin hnh chin lc v ISWM, MOC trin khai cc haotj ng di dy trong nm 2010:

1 Trch nhim qun l cht thi rn vng nng thn vn ang c cc b MARD, MOC, MONRE tho lun. Trong quyt nh s

2149/QD-TTg, c ni rng nhim v cng c vic qun l cht thi rn cc vng nng thn v cc lng ngh thuc v MARD , phi hp vi MONRE v MOC. Tuy nhin, bo co cp a phng cho thy cha c c ch r rng v c quan no s chu trch nhim qun l cht thi rn nng thn. Trong cc quy nh v qun l cht thi rn, vai tr ca cc bn lin quan cha c trnh by r. V d nh ngh nh s 59/2007/ND-CP v quy ch qun l cht thi rn c quy nh v qun l cht thi rn c vng th v nng thn nhng khng nu r trch nhim ca MARD



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o Nghin cu cng ngh gim thiu cht thi ti cc bi rc: (Bao gm cht thi rn t cc h gia nh th v vng nng thn; cht thi rn y t v cht thi rn nguy hi)

o nh gi k hoch qun l cht thi rn ti cc tnh trong nc o Xy dng hng dn k thut v lp k hoch qun l cht thi rn o R sot v nh gi ngh nh s 59/2007/ND-CP v qun l cht thi rn o Xy dng cc quy nh cho bo co nh k v qun l cht thi rn v cc thng

s cn bo co o Xy dng c s d liu; thu thp, phn tch v nh gi s liu v cht thi rn trn

ton quc. o Hng dn la chn nh u t x l cht thi rn cc khu vc lin tnh

(2) Lp k hoch cc c s x l cht thi rn Cng vi s iu phi ca MOC, k hoch quc gia v u t c s x l cht thi lin tnh ba vng kinh t trng im min bc, trung v nam n nm 2020 c th hin ti "Quyt nh s 1440/2008/QD-TTg ngy 6 thng 10 nm 2008 ca Th tng chnh ph. K hoch c tm tt ti bng sau.

Bng 2-3 K hoch xut 7 vng x l CTR lin tnh TT Khu x l CTR lin tnh V tr Din tch Phm vi hot ng

I Vng kinh t trng im pha Bc

1 Khu x l CTR Nam Sn X Nam Sn, huyn ng Anh, H Ni 140-160 ha

- i vi CTR cng nghip: H Ni, Vnh Phc, H Ty, Bc Ninh, Hng Yn

- i vi cht thi sinh hot: H Ni

2 Khu x l CTR Sn Dng X Sn Dng, huyn Honh B, Qung Ninh 100 ha

- i vi CTR cng nghip: Qung Ninh, Hi Phng, Hi Dng

- i vi CTR sinh hot: Qung Ninh II Vng kinh t trng im min trung

1 Khu x l CTR Hng Vn X Hng Vn, huyn Hng Tr, Tha Thin Hu

40 ha - i vi CTR cng nghip: Tha Thin

Hu v Nng

- i vi CTR sinh hot: thnh ph Hu

2 Khu x l CTR Bnh Nguyn X Bnh Nguyn, huyn Bnh Sn, Qung Ngi 70 ha

- i vi CTR cng nghip: Qung Nam, Qung Ngi

- i vi CTR sinh hot: Qung Ngi

3 Khu x l CTR Ct Nhn X Ct Nhn, huyn Ph Ct, Bnh nh 70 ha

- i vi CTR cng nghip: Bnh nh v mt s tnh min ty v nam

- i vi CTR sinh hot: Bnh nh

III Vng kinh t trng im pha Nam

1 Khu x l CTR Tn Thanh X Tn Thanh, huyn Th Tha, Long An 1.760ha

- i vi CTR sinh hot v cng nghip: Long An v Tp. H Ch Minh

2 Khu x l CTR C Chi huyn C Chi, tp H Ch Minh 822 ha

- i vi CTR cng nghip v c hi: Tp.H Ch Minh, Bnh Dng, Ty Ninh



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2.1.4 Cc nh ti tr v khu vc t nhn c lin quan ODA l ngun vn chnh cho cc d n mi trng ti Vit Nam ni chung v cc d n

qun l cht thi rn ni ring. Cc nh ti tr chnh ngun vn ODA trong lnh vc qun l cht thi rn ti Vit Nam bao gm C quan hp tc quc t Nht Bn (JICA, bao gm tin thn ca JICA l JBIC), Ngn hng th gii (WB) v Ngn hng Pht trin Chu (ADB).

(1) Tng quan v h tr ODA ca Nht Bn Cc d n ODA ch yu ca Nht lin quan n lnh vc qun l cht thi rn th c trnh by trong bng di y .

Bng 2-4 Cc d n ODA ch yu ca Nht c lin quan n lnh vc qun l cht thi rn th ti cc thnh ph nghin cu

D n/chng trnh Loi h tr Giai on Vn

H Ni

D n nghin cu ci thin mi trng ti H Ni ti nc CHXHCN Vit Nam DS 07.1998 ~ 05.2000

Khng c thng tin

D n cung cp thit b qun l cht thi ti H Ni GA 01.2002 ~ 08.2003 9.0

D n h tr cho sng kin 3R ti thnh ph H Ni TC 11.2006 ~11.2009 Khng c thng tin

Chng trnh pht trin th ton din ti thnh ph H Ni (bao gm qun l cht thi rn) DS 12.2004 ~05.2006

Khng c thng tin

Hi Phng

Nghin cu v quy hoch ci thin v sinh ca thnh ph Hi Phng ti nc CHXHCN Vit Nam DS 05.2000 ~ 06.2001

Khng c thng tin

D n ci thin mi trng ti t hnh ph Hi Phng (I) LA 04.2005 ~ 12.2011 15.2 D n ci thin mi trng ti t hnh ph Hi Phng (II) LA 03.2009 ~ 09.2013 213.1 Hu

Chng trnh cho nhn vin tp s t thnh ph Shizuoka ti thnh ph Hu GTC 04.2006 ~ 03.2009

Khng c thng tin

Nng

Nghin cu chin lc pht trin tng hp cho thnh ph Nng v khu vc ph cn DS 06.2008 ~ 11.2009

Khng c thng tin

Ngun: Hot ng ca JICA v cc d n ti tr ti Vit Nam , (2002.5, Vn phng JICA ti Vit Nam); http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/note/; do Nhm nghin cu JICA sp xp v cp nht.

Ch thch: DS Nghin cu pht trin GA Vin tr khng hon li PTTC Hp tc k thut theo d n ETD C chuyn gia L A Vn vay u i GTC Hp tc k thut cp c s

(2) Chng trnh ca cc nh ti tr khc Bn cnh Nht Bn, Ngn hng Th gii v ADB vi t cch l cc nh ti tr c vai tr quan trng trong lnh vc qun l cht thi rn ti Vit Nam. ADB l lnh o ca mt nhm cc nh ti tr a quc gia, v lnh vc qun l cht thi rn ti Vit Nam cng tip nhn cc ngun ti tr song phng t cc quc gia khc nh: Thu in, Thu S, Canada, Hn Quc, vv.



13 Bo co tin (2)

Cc d n ODA chnh ti Vit Nam, bao gm d n ti cc thnh ph nghin cu, c trnh by trong bng i y :

Bng 2-5 Cc d n ch yu v qun l cht thi rn th ti Vit Nam ca cc nh ti tr khc

Nh ti tr D n/Chng trnh C quan thc hin Loi h

tr Giai on Vn

(triu US$)

Ngn hng Th gii

Chin lc qun l cht thi rn v K hoch hnh ng cho H Long/Cm Ph v Hi Phng

U ban nhn dn tnh Hi Phng v Qung Ninh

Khng c thng

tin 1999-1999 0.65

X l nc thi v cht thi rn ti min Bc ca Vit Nam -

D n ng ng

n/a 8.69

Nc thi v v sinh mi trng ti thnh ph Nng

UBND tnh Nng LA 1999-2004 33.83

Nc thi v v sinh mi trng ti thnh ph Hi Phng

UBND tnh Hi Phng LA 1999-2005 41

ADB Ci thin mi trng ti thnh ph H Ch Minh

UBND thnh ph HCM

LA &GA 2000-2006

64.75 (LA) 1.80 (GA)

Thu in/ SIDA

Tng cng kim sot nhim v qun l cht thi rn ti khu th v khu cng nghip ti Vit Nam

N/A GA 1996-1997 0.31

Canada/ CIDA

D n mi trng Vit Nam - Canada (Giai on 2) MONRE GA 2000-2005 11.5

D n kinh t rc thi (WasteEcon) MOSTE GA 2000-2004 n/a

Thu S/ SDC

Pht trin th ti Hu UBND tnh Tha Thin Hu

GA 1996 -1999 5.07

USA/USAID X hi ho cng tc qun l cht thi rn ti thnh ph H Ch Minh

US-AEP, iCMA, TAF GA 2002-2003 0.14

Ty Ban Nha Nh my ch bin rc Cu Din URENCO H Ni LA 1998 2000 4.00

Hn Quc/ KOICA

Qun l v x l cht thi rn ti thnh ph Hi Phng

URENCO Hai Phong LA

2003 2009 19.61

Ngun: B K hoch v u t; B TNMT; do Nhm nghin cu JICA tng hp Ch thch: LA H tr vay vn GA Trao vin tr n/a: Khng c thng tin

(3) Khu vc t nhn

Trong cc quy nh lin quan n qun l CTR (CTR th ni ring) ti Vit Nam, x hi ho l mt chnh sch c u tin pht trin ti c cp trung ng v a phng. Chnh ph khuyn khch mnh m khu vc t nhn tham gia vo thu gom, vn chuyn, x l cht thi rn.

y cn ch rng, x hi khc khc vi t nhn kho. Khu vc t nhn phi hon ton chu ri ro trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin. Trong khi , i vi x hi ho, n i hi c s hp tc gia cc thnh phn kinh t t nhn v chnh ph, ni cch khc, trch nhim v ri ro c chia s gia cc cng ty x hi ha (khng do nh nc s hu) v chnh ph, v s tng tc gia hai bn l rt cn thit trong qu trnh thc hin.

Chnh sch x hi ho ny c thc hin nhiu thnh ph ti Vit Nam ni m CTR th l mt vn u tin ca chnh quyn a phng. Cng vi chnh sch ny, s



14 Bo co tin (2)

lng cc cng ty cng nh lnh vc m cc cng ty ny tham gia vo trong qun l cht thi rn ang ngy cng c m rng.

Trong thi gian gn y, trong lnh vc qun l CTR, cc cng ty theo x hi ha tham gia ch yu vo cng tc thu gom cht thi rn. Mt khc, cc cng ty t nhn cng tham gia vo lnh vc x l cht thi rn. Mt s c s x l cht thi rn ti cc thnh ph nghin cu c u t v vn hnh bi khu vc t nhn.

Bng 2-6 Cc c s x l do khu vc t nhn u t ti cc thnh ph nghin cu STT C s x l Ch s hu Nm bt

u Cng sut

Cng ngh Ch H Ni 1 Nh my x l rc Sn

Ty a im: x Xun Sn, th x Sn Ty, H Ni.

Cng ty c phn cng ngh Seraphin Green

2008 200 tn/ngy

-Phn hu c - Ti ch nha - Vin nhin liu RDF - ng gch

2 Nh my x l rc Nam Sn a im: Khu x l CTR Nam Sn, huyn Sc Sn, H Ni.

Cng ty c phn tin b Quc t (AIC)

- Khi cng xy dng vo thng 9 nm 2010. - D kin hot ng: Cui nm 2011

2,000 tn/ngy

-Phn hu c - Ti ch - p rc v xut khu.

ang xy dng

Hu 1 Nh my x l rc Thu

Phng a im: x Thu Phng, huyn Hng Thu, tnh TT Hu

Cng ty CP pht trin Tm Sinh Ngha

2006 200 tn/ngy

Ansinh-ASC - - ti ch - l t rc nh

2 Nh my x l cht thi Hng Tr a im: x Hng Van, huyn Hng Tr, tnh TT Hu

LEMNA International.,Inc

-c ph duyt u t vo nm 2010 - D kin hot ng: cui nm 2012

-Giai on 1: 300 tn/ngy -Giai on 2 (~ 2025) 600 tn/ngy

- -Ti ch nha -Chn lp v sinh

Quy hoch theo vng kinh t trng im min Trung theo quyt nh 1440/2008/QD-TTg

Thnh ph H Ch Minh 1 Khu lin hip x l cht

thi rn a Phc a im: x a Phc, huyn Bnh Chnh, Tp.H Ch Minh

Cng ty gii php cht thi Vit Nam (Vietnam Waste Solutions.,Inc)

- Bt u tip nhn cht thi t 2007 - hon thin vo nm 2010

3,000 tn/ngy

-Chn lp v sinh - - Ti ch

2 Nh my x l cht thi Vietstar a im: x Thi M, huyn C Chi, Tp.HCM (Khu lin hip x l cht thi Phc Hip)

Vietstar.,Jsc (Cng ty con ca LEMNA International., Inc)

Cui nm 2009

-Giai on 1: 600 t/ng -Giai on 2: 1,200t/ng

- -Ti ch nha

3 Nh my x l cht thi Tm Sinh Ngha a im: x Hip Phc, huyn C Chi, TP.HCM (trong khu lin hip x l CTR Phc Hip)

Cng ty CP u t pht trin Tm Sinh Ngha

- Bt u xy dng vo thng 4 nm 2008 -D kin hot ng: cui nm 2010

1,000 tn/ngy

- -Ti ch nha

4 Khu lin hip x l CTR Long An a im: x Tn Thnh, huyn Th Tha, tnh Long An

Cng ty gii php cht thi Vit Nam (Vietnam Waste Solutions.,Inc (VWS))

B Xy dng va ph duyt la chn VWS lm ch u t

1,760 ha n/a Quy hoch theo vng kinh t trng im min Trung theo quyt nh 1440/2008/QD-TTg

Danh sch cc cng ty khng thuc s hu nh nc c tham gia vo thu gom v vn



15 Bo co tin (2)

chuyn cht thi ti H Ni v Hi Phng c lit k trong Bng 2-7.

Bng 2-7 Cc cng ty khng thuc s hu nh nc tham gia thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn th ti H Ni v Hi Phng

TT Tn cng ty Loi hnh cng ty Khu vc hot ng H Ni 1 Cng ty CP Mi trng Thng Long Cng ty c phn Qun: Hong Mai, Ty

H, Cu Giy, Long Bin, Thanh Xun theo hnh thc u thu

2 Cng ty CP Mi trng Ty Cng ty c phn 3 Cng ty CP Green Cng ty c phn 4 Cng ty CP mi tng v cng ngh Sinh

Thi Cng ty c phn

5 Hp tc x Thnh Cng Hp tc x 6 Cng ty CP mi trng H ng Cng ty c phn Qun H ng 7 Cng ty CP mi trng v cng trnh th

Sn Ty Cng ty c phn TX Sn Ty

Hi Phng 1 Hp tc x Thnh Vinh Hp tc x Huyn Dng Kinh

Ti Hu v Nng, khu vc t nhn tham gia vo thu gom CTR ch yu ti vng nng thn. H thng t chc cc i nh v lin lc vi UBND x hoc huyn. Hin nay cha c s liu thng k cng nh thng tin v cc i thu gom rc ny. Ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, h thng thu gom c mt s im khc bit so vi cc thnh ph khc. H thng thu gom ca Tp.HCM c m t trong hnh di y v c gii thch nh sau; (1) Cht thi c thu gom trc tip bi cc xe p (cc xe p ln hn 4 tn) t cc khu dn c v vn chuyn n cng trng x l rc. (2) Cht thi c thu gom bi cc xe p 4 tons; xe ti



16 Bo co tin (2)

Cng ty thu gom chnh ti Tp.HCM l CITENCO, mt cng ty nh nc. Ngoi ra, c khong 22 cng ty dch v cng ch di s qun l ca UBND cc qun/huyn cng hot ng v thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn th.

Khu vc t nhn tham gia tch cc vo vic thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, v d nh cc i thu gom, hp tc x v sinh mi trng, vv. Hot ng chnh ca h l thu gom rc t cc h gia nh v cc ng hm. Cc hot ng chnh trong thu gom v vn chuyn CTR th ca khu vc cng v t c trnh by trong Bng di y.

Bng 2-8 Phm vi hot ng chnh ca cc cng ty v sinh mi trng ti Tp.HCM Loi Cng ty Cc hot ng chnh Ch

Khu vc cng cng

Cng ty mi trng th (CITENCO)

- m bo v sinh ti cc ng chnh . -Vn chuyn rc t cc trm trung chuyn n cc cng trng x l

- Ch yu ti giai on 1, 5, 7, 8, 9 ca h thng trong m hnh 2.4

Cc cng ty dch v cng ch thuc cc qun/huyn: 22 cng ty

- Qut v thu gom rc thi trn ng ph. - Thu gom rc t ch, cc khu vc cng cng . - Thu gom khong 30% rc thi ca cc h gia nh. - K hp ng vi CITENCO vn chuyn rc n ni x l.

-Ch yu ti giai on 2, 5, 6 ca h thng trong m hnh 2.4

Khu vc t nhn

Cc i thu gom: khong 30 i

- Thu gom khong 70% rc thi ca cc h gia nh . - Qut v thu gom rc ti cc ng hm, cc con ph nh. - Vn chuyn rc n cc b trung chuyn rc chuyn ti cc cng ty vn ti .

- Ch yu ti giai on 3, 4 ca h thng trong m hnh 2.4 HTX v sinh mi

trng: 5 hp tc x

2.2 Hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti cc thnh ph nghin cu 2.2.1 Tng quan

Khi qut v qun l cht thi rn th ti nm thnh ph nghin cu, bao gm I: thng tin chung, II. Hin trng h thng qun l cht thi rn th, III. K hoch tng lai, IV> cc vn khc c trnh by trong Bng 2-7 di y. Cc thng tin ng ch bao gm.

C quan qun l cht thi rn th trc thuc UBND l S Xy dng ca H Ni, Hi Phng, Hu; trong khi , v ti Tp. H Ch Minh v Nng l S Ti nguyn v Mi trng .

Ti tt c cc thnh ph nghin cu, chn lp v sinh u c ph bin.

l mt cng on x l trung gian chnh ti 4 thnh ph nghin cu, ngoi tr Nng Ti tt c cc thnh ph nghin cu, quy hoch tng th v cht thi rn u cha c xy

dng

Bng 2-9 a ra danh sch v c quan qun l cc c s cht thi rn th ti nm thnh ph nghin cu.



17 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-9 S lc QLCTRT ti cc thnh ph nghin cu TT tph

Mc H Ni Hi Phng Hu Nng Tp.H Ch Minh

I Thng tin chung 1 Din tch

(km2) 3,344.7 1,507.57 83.3 1.283,42 2,095

2 Dn s 6,500,000 1,884,685 333,004 822,178 7,123,340 3 S phng,

x 29 districts 15 districts 27 wards 8 districts 24 districts

4 Mt (Ngi/ km2)

1,943 1,207 3,997 640 3,401

5 Ghi ch -Th ca Vit Nam -Thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (cp c bit)

- Thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (cp 1) - Thnh ph cng min bc

- Thnh ph trc thuc tnh (tnh Tha Thin Hu) - L thnh ph du lch, Di sn th gii t nm 1993

- Thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (cp 1) -Thnh ph du lch

- Thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (cp c bit) -Trung tm kinh t ln v l thnh ph ln nht VN

II H thng QLCTRT hin ti 1 C quan

qun l DOC DOC DOC DONRE DONRE

2 H thng php lut

Quy hoch ang xy dng Ch a c Ti liu hng dn : 1/Ngh quyt s 04/2005/NQ-HDND v i mi qun l QLCTRT ti Hi Phng giai on 2005-2010 2/ K hoch s 6444/2005/UBND-GT v thc hin ngh quyt s 4/2005/NQ-HDND

K hoch v h thng thu gom v x l rc thi rn ca tha Thin Hu cho n nm 2010 tm nhn n nm 2020.

Cha c Ti liu hng dn: 1/Quyt nh s No.41/2008/QD-UBND v xy dng chng trnh: Xy dng nng thnh ph mi trng

Cha c ( bt u xy dng t nm 2004 nhng chac ph duyt)

Quy nh v QLCTR

1/ Quyt nh s 11/2010/QD-UBND v quy nh v QLCTRT thng thng ti H Ni 2/ Quyt nh s 111/2007QD-UBND v thu ph v sinh

1/ Quyt nh s.139/2008/QD-UBND v Quyt nh s 431/2008/QD-UBND v chnh sa ph v sinh

1/ Quyt nh s .10/2010/Q-UBND v xy dng Quy nh m bo v sinh mi trng trong cc hot ng du lch ti sng Hng 2/Quyt nh s 576/2009/QD-UBND ca tnh Tha Thin Hu ban hnh quy ch np sng mi th ca tnh Tha Thin Hu. Trong , nu r trch nhim ca c nhn, t chc v gi gn v sinh

1/ Quyt nh s 3903/QD-UB: quy nh v QLCTR ti thnh ph nng 2/ Quyt nh s 142/200/Q-UB: quy nh v bo v mi trng Nng 3/ Quyt nh s 63/2007/Q-UBND v thu ph v sinh v qun l Nng 4/ Quyt nh s 27/2008/Q: Quy ch qun l, phn b, thanh ton dch v v sinh mi trng theo mu quy nh

1/ Quyt nh s 130/2002/ QD-UBND v ban hnh quy ch qun l QLCTRT thnh ph H Ch Minh ngy 18 thng 11 nm 2002. Trong nu r trac nhim ca cc thnh phn i tc lin quan, tuy nhin khng quy nh v x pht

3 S lng x thi

~4.000 tn ~980 tn ~202 tn ~660 ~6.300 tn

4 Cng ty thu gom

17 cng ty v hp tc x

5 cng ty 1 cng ty 1 cng ty Nhiu cng ty, hp tc x v nhm t nhn

Cng ty thu gom chnh

URENCO Hanoi URENCO Hai Phong HEPCO URENCO Da Nang CITENCO

5 Trm trung chuyn

0 0 0 11 nos (quy m nh) 2 nos (quy m ln)

6 C s x l rc thi Chn lp 4 (1 hin tm

thi ng ca) 6 (4 l khu chn lp m) 1 1 2

Nh my compositing

3 1 1 0 1

III K hoch trong tong lai 1 C s/cng

ngh x l rc thi

1/M rng bi chn lp Nam Sn, giai on II, tng din tch l 83.5 ha 2/Trm trung chuyn QLCTRT

1/A bi chn lp v sinh ti khu lin hp jx l cht thi Gia Minh (vay vn JICA)

1/ M rng khu chn lp hin ti 2/ Thm 2 khu chn lp ti hai khu lin hp x l rc t hi

1/ D n CDM ti bi chn lp Khnh Sn ang dc thc hin. PC Nng c MONRE ph duyt v PIN. PDD ang c tin hnh vi cng ty ca Italy (Pangea Energy Co.,Ltd) 2/ u t vo nh my x l rc thi c PC Nng ph duyt. Nh my ny do lin doanh mi trng Vit Nam u t : ti ch rc (nha v cao su) thnh du t. D n ny ang trong giai on gii to mt bng (tnh n thng 4 nm 2010)

1/ M rng khu chn lp hin c khu lin hp x l rc thi phc Hip 2/ Khu lin hp x l rc thi chung vi tnh Long An (730 ha) 3/ Nh my VWS ch bin phn hu c (ang xy dng) 4/ Nh my cmpositing plant (Seraphin, ang trong giai on gii phng mt bng) 5/ Nh my compositing ca CITENCO 6/L t QLCTRT (cng su: 2,000 t/d) c PC HCM ph duyt. Nh u t l Keppel Seghers Engineering Co., Ltd (Singapore)



18 Bo co tin (2)

TT tph Mc

H Ni Hi Phng Hu Nng Tp.H Ch Minh

IV Cc vn khc 1 Phn ngun

(SS) Kinh nghim

SS angc duy tr ti d n 3R: 1.Quy m: xp x 17.000 h gia nh 2.Thi gian: t 7/2007 3.Nh t chc: URENCO Hanoi (thuc ch o ca PC H Ni) vi s h tr ca JICA 4.Phng php: Cht ri hu c, v c, c th ti ch 5. kin ngi dn: rt ng h chng trnh ny 6. Hin trng: Duy tr v nghin cu m rng bi URENCO Hanoi

SS c th nghim ti phng An Bien huyn L Chn. Tuy nhin, m hin nh v ngng v khng c ngun ti chnh duy tr v nhiu l do khc.

Khng c kinh nghim SS dc thchin nghin cu ti phng Nam Dng: 1.Quy m: 2.000 h gia nh 2.Thi gian: 2 thng t 6/2007~7/2007, 8/2007 ~9/2007) 3.Nh t chc: Nng URENCO vi kinh ph do Cc BVMT 4.Phng php: hai loi rc thi: v c v hu c 5. kin ngi dn: Rt ng h chng trnh ny. Tuy nhin do kh khn v h thng thu gom nn ngi dn cn h nghi v chng trnh 6. HIn trng: dng li do: -Khng c kinh ph -Cht thi sau khi phn loi c thu gom cng nhau, khng c thit b x l kp thi 7. K hoch trong tng lai: tip tc thc hin SS K hoch SS trnh UBND Nng nhng cha c ph duyt v thiu kinh ph.

SS c thc hin nghin cu ti qun 6 1.Quy m: 9 phng /14 phng 2.Thi gian: 3/2006 ~ cui nm 2007 3.Nh t chc: DONRE v PC qun 6 4. Phng php: Thc n tha v rc (Tn ca rc thi i t rc hu c v v c ngi dn d hiu) 5. kin ngi dn: rt ng h chng trnh 6. Hin trng: dng do - Khng ph hp gia h thng thu gom v vn chuyn - Khng c nh my ch bin phn hu c vo thi im 7. K hoch trong tng lai: Duy tr li t thng 7-8 nm 2010. K hoch phn ngun do DONRE chun b.

2 Hot ng ca cng ng v v sinh

1. Dn sch v chiu th su v sng th by 2. 10 nm thc hin chin dch ph n v ngi dn th khng vt rc ra ng v va h 3. Nhiu s kin c t chc b on thanh nin v cc lin on khc v gi gn v sinh

1. ti rc ca ngi gi (ngi gi l thnh vin ca Cng on mang ti gom rc trn ph vo sng ch nht

1. Hot ng ca on Thanh nin, Hi ph n v chin dch v sinh ca thnh ph 2. Hot ng ca on Thanh nin/tnh nguyn vin trng i hc v bo v mi trng (c 5 trng H Hu)

1.Chng trnh Ngy ch nht xanh (ngy dn v sinh: ngi dn dn dp khu ph) 2. Thu gom cht c th ti ch gy qu cho cc hot ng ca Hi Ph n, Cng on ca cc phng nh Thanh Binh, Ngha Dng 3. a v sinh thnh mt trong cc tiu ch chn gia nh vn ho

1. Ngy ch nht xanh (ngi dn dn dp khu ph) 2. Ngy trao i c th ti ch (DONRE t chc), cng dn mang cht c th ti ch v cht c hi i ly qu



19 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-10 C s QLCTRT ti nm thnh ph nghin cu Thnh ph

Bi chn lp cht thi rn Nh my ch bin phn hu c /Trm trung chuyn TT Tn V tr C quan qun l TT Tn V tr C quan qun l

H Ni

1 Nam Sn Huyn Sc Sn

URENCO H Ni

1 Cu Din T Lim URENCO H Ni

2 Xun Sn Sn Ty UBND Huyn Sn Ty

2 Gia Lm Kiu K, Gia Lm

X nghip MTT Gia Lm

3 Kiu K Gia Lm X nghip MTT Gia Lm

3 Xun Sn Sn Ty UBND huyn Sn Ty

Hi Phng

1 Trng Ct Huyn Hi An URENCO Hi Phng

1 Trng Ct Huyn Hi An URENCO Hi Phng

2 nh V Huyn Hi An URENCO Hi Phng

3 Sn Huyn Sn UBND Huyn Sn

4 Tin Lng Huyn Tin Lng

UBND huyn Tin Lng

5 Thy Nguyn

Huyn Thy Nguyn

UBND Huyn Thy Nguyn

6 Vnh Bo Huyn Vnh Bo

UBND Huyn Vnh Bo

Hu 1 Thy Phng

Huyn Hng Thy

HEPCO 1 Tm Sinh Ngha

Huyn Hng Thy

Cng ty TNHH Tm Sinh Ngha

Nng

1 Khnh Sn Huyn Lin Chiu

URENCO Nng

11 Trm trung chuyn rc

Thnh ph Nng

URENCO Nng

H Ch Minh

1 a Phc Khu lin hip x l cht thi a Phc

Cng ty TNHH Vit Nam Waste Solution

1 Vietstar Khu lin hip x l cht thi Phc Hip

Cng ty TNHH Vietstar

2 Phc Hip Khu lin hip x l cht thi Phc Hip

CITENCO

Trm trung chuyn 1 Trm trung

chuyn Quang Trung

Phng 11, Qun G Vp

CITENCO 2 Tng Vn Trn

S 1 Tng Vn Trn, Phng 5, Qun 11

CITENCO

Trong khun kh Nghin cu Qun l Mi trng th Vit Nam, nhm nghin cu JICA tin hnh thc hin kho st thc t v tnh hnh Qun l cht thi rn th ti nm a bn mc tiu. Cc thng tin lin quan n khi lng v thnh phn cht thi rn th ti cc cc a bn ny c xc nh thng qua cuc kho st ny. Kt qu kho st thc t v cc tnh ton i kn c th hin trong cc bng 2-11, 2-12 v 2-13. S liu nu trong bng 2-11 biu hin t l pht sinh cht thi rn o th ti tng thnh ph nghin cu trong bao gm c lng rc pht sinh t cc h gia nh v t cc c s kinh doanh. Cc con s nu ra y c tnh ton da trn cc thng tin thu thp t kho st v t cc nghin cu khc. Trong khi , t l pht sinh nu trong bng 2-12 ch nhm ti lng rc pht sinh t cc h gia nh. S liu trong bng ny c thu thp bng kho s trc tip ti ngun pht sinh cht thi.

Bng 2-11 T l pht sinh cht thi rn th ti cc thnh ph nghin cu TT Mc H Ni Hi Phng Hu Nng Tp.HCM 1 Khi lng thu gom

(tn/ngy) 3,971 1,024 202 662 6,343 2 T l thu gom

(%) 83.2 80 90 90 90 3 Khi lng phy sinh

(tn/ngy) 4,773 1,280 224 736 7,048 4 Dn s

(ngi) 6,451,909 1,837,173 337,169 887,437 7,162,864 5 T l pht sinh

(kg/ngi/ngy) 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.83 0.98



20 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-12 T l pht sinh cht thi rn ti cc h gia nh n v: kg/ngi/ngy

T.Ph

Thu nhp

H Ni2 Hi Phng3 Hu Nng Tp.H Ch Minh

R W T W R W T R W T R W T

Cao 0.04 0.40 0.44 0.52 0.01 0.38 0.39 0.01 0.43 0.44 0.01 0.53 0.55 Thng 0.03 0.44 0.47 0.51 0.01 0.31 0.32 0.01 0.27 0.28 0.01 0.37 0.38 Thp 0.03 0.47 0.50 0.13 0.01 0.27 0.28 0.01 0.24 0.25 0.02 0.29 031 TB 0.03 0.44 0.47 0.46 0.01 0.32 0.33 0.01 0.31 0.32 0.01 0.42 0.43

Ghi ch: R Ph liu/ Rc ti ch; W Rc b; T Tng

i vi thnh phn cht thi t cc h gia nh, cht thi nh bp chim t l cao nht tt c cc thnh ph vi t l t 55% n 77%. Cht thi chim t l cao th hai l nha, trong phn ln ch yu l ti nilon. c bit, i vi kho st ti Hu, khng pht hin x than trong rc thi h gia nh d loi rc ny rt ph bin Vit Nam.

Bng 2-13 Thnh phn cht thi h gia nh n v: %

TT Loi rc H Ni 4 Hi Phng5 Hu Nng Tp.HCM 1 Rc nh bp 70.9 55.51 77.25 63.92 65.40 2 Giy 3.8 3.45 2.30 1.97 6.77 3 Vi 1.6 0.95 1.21 2.40 1.78 4 G 1.3 12.85 1.70 2.57 3.96 5 Nha 9.0 6.10 13.99 13.82 16.07 6 Da v cao su 0.7 0.29 0.40 1.68 0.81 7 Kim loi 0.4 0.44 0.49 0.77 0.68 8 Knh 1.3 0.29 0.48 1.84 0.51 9 Snh s - - 0.25 2.15 0.18 10 v ct - 4.66 0.01 3.18 0.35 11 X than 6.8 - 0.00 2.46 0.69 12 Nguy hi 0.5 - 0.01 0.50 0.11 13 Bm 3.3 - 1.87 2.17 2.55 14 Cc loi khc 0.28 15.46 0.05 0.58 0.14 Tng 100 100 100 100 100

Kho st v thnh phn cht thi khng ch c thc hin ti ngun pht sinh l cc h gia nh m cn c thc hin i vi cht thi u vo ti cc c s x l cht tahri rn ca tng thnh ph nghin cu. Kt qu ny s c th hin trong phn kt qu chi tit cho tng thnh ph.

2.2.2 H Ni (1) Khung th ch Di s ch o ca UBND thnh ph H Ni, QLCTRT ti thnh ph c giao cho S Xy dng S Xy Dng l c quan c chc nng qun l quy hoch v xy dng c s h

2 S liu tham kho t kho st v hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti H Ni, D n 3R-HN, thng 7/2009 3 S liu tham kho t Nghin cu K hoch Ci thin iu kin VSMT Thnh ph Hi Phng- Nc CHXHCN VN, thng 7/2001 4 S liu tham kho t kho st v hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti H Ni, D n 3R-HN, thng 7/2009 S liu tham kho t Nghin cu K hoch Ci thin iu kin VSMT Thnh ph Hi Phng- Nc CHXHCN VN, thng 7/2001 : Mu khng c ly trc tip t cc h gia nh m t cc xe thu gom. Kt qu c c tnh bi nhm nghin cu JICA.



21 Bo co tin (2)

tng th nh cp thot nc, x l nc thi, chiu sng, cy xanh v cng vin, ngha trang, qun l cht thi rn vv....6 S t chc ca S Xy Dng c th hin ti Hnh 2-4 di y. "Phng qun l cng trnh ngm v c s h tng k thut mi trng l b phn ph trch chnh v cng tc qun l QLCTRT ca thnh ph.

Hnh 2-5 S t chc ca S Xy Dng H Ni V thu gom, vn chuyn rc thi, x l v tiu hu ti H Ni, URENCO (Cng ty mi trng th) l cng ty nh nc chnh hot ng trong lnh vc ny. (2) Th ch Quy nh v qun l cht thi rn

Quyt nh s 11/2010/QD-UBND ngy 23 thng 2 nm 2010 ban hnh Quy nh v rc thi rn th thng thng H Ni. (Quyt nh ny thay th Quyt nh 3093/1996/QD-UBND ban hnh nm 1996.)

Ph v l ph: Quyt nh s111/2007QD-UBND ngy 22 thng 10 nm 2007 v thu ph v sinh ti H

Ni

(3) Quy hoch v QLCTR H Ni cha c Quy hoch QLCTR. Gn y, quy hoch thnh ph v H Ni mi ang c xy dng v yu t QLCTR s c a vo quy hoch. D kin quy hoch c ph duyt vo cui nm 2010. Bn cnh , quy hoch c s QLCTR do URENCO H Ni xy dng c th hin ti hnh 2-6 di y;

6 Quyt nh s 1597/Q-UBND ngy 06/5/2008 ca UBND thnh ph H Ni b sung vai tr v chc nng v C s h tng k thut th cho S Xy dng t S Giao thng cng chnh.

Gim c

8 Ph Gim c

Phng K hoch Hnh chnh Phng qun l k thut v gim nh cht lng

Phng T chc cn b Phng qun l kinh t

Vn phng Phng Qun l v cp php xy dng

Phng php ch Phng pht trin nh

Thanh tra S Phng qun l kinh doanh bt ng sn v nh

Phng thm nh Phng qun l h tng k thut cp thot nc

Ban 61 Phng qun l h tng k thut mi trng v cng trnh ngm



22 Bo co tin (2)

Hnh 2-6 Quy hoch c s QLCTR ti H Ni

(4) Hin trng QLCTR 1) Thng tin chung Hin nay, tng lng CTRT pht sinh ti H Ni khong 4,000tn/ngy. Trong , khong 3,500 3,700 tn pht sinh t vng th ca thnh ph.



23 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-14 Lng cht thi QLCTRT pht sinh ti H Ni7 2007 2008 2009

Kh lng (tn/ngy)

Kh lng (tn/nm)

Kh lng (tn/ngy)

Kh lng (tn/nm)

Kh lng (tn/ngy)

Kh lng (tn/nm)

2,800 1,008,000 3,500 1,277,500 4,100 1,493,500

2) Thu gom v vn chuyn C 18 cng ty8 tham gia thu gom v vn chuyn QLCTRT ti H Ni. Danh sch cc cng ty thu gom v vn chuyn c th hin trong Bng 2-15;

Bng 2-14 Cc cng ty thu gom ti H Ni TT Tn cng ty M hnh cng ty Khu vc dch v

1 Cng ty TNHH mi trng th mt thnh vin (URENCO) Cng ty nh nc 4 qun chnh (Hon Kim, Ba nh, Hai B Trng, ng a)

2 Cng ty C phn mi trng Thng Long Cng ty c phn

Qun: Hong Mai, Ty H, Cu Giy, Long Bin, Thanh Xun.

3 Cng ty C phn mi trng Ty Cng ty c phn

4 Cng ty C phn mi trng Xanh Cng ty c phn

5 Cng ty C phn Cng ngh v Mi trng Sinh Thi Cng ty c phn

6 Hp tc x Thnh Cng Cng ty c phn

7 Cng ty c phn Mi trng H ng Cng ty c phn Qun H ng 8 Cng ty Mi trng v Cng trnh th Sn Ty Cng ty c phn Th x Sn Ty

9 Cng ty Mi trng th Xun Mai Cng ty nh nc Huyn Chng M

10 Cng ty c phn mi trng Sng Hng Cng ty c phn Huyn M Linh

11 Cng ty c phn thng mi Ni Bi Cng ty c phn Huyn Sc Sn

12 Hp tc x Mai Dinh Hp tc x Huyn Sc Sn

13 X nghip MTT T Lim Cng ty Nh nc Huyn T Lim

14 X nghip MTT Thanh Tr Cng ty Nh nc Huyn Thanh Tr

15 X nghip MTT Gia Lm Cng ty Nh nc Huyn Gia Lm

16 X nghip MTT ng Anh Cng ty Nh nc Huyn ng Anh

17 X nghip MTT Sc Sn Cng ty Nh nc Huyn Sc Sn

18 Cng ty TNHH Mt thnh vin thot nc Cng ty Nh nc Khng c thng tin

V h thng thu gom hin nay, H Ni ang trong qu trnh thay i h thng thu gom t xe y sang thu gom bng thng

Xe y rc : y l h thng dch v thu gom ti ch , cng nhn y xe n khu dn c v g kng thu rc (h thng g kng )

H thng thng cha rc: thng cha rc bng nha (nhiu kch c) c t khu dn c ng rc.

7 Ngun: Hanoi URENCO 8 Ngun: Bo co ca H Ni v hin trng mi trng, S TN&MT v S Xy Dng H Ni



24 Bo co tin (2)

nh 2-1 H thng thu gom rc xe y tay v thu gom bng thng Kha cnh ti chnh Nh trnh by trn y, chi ph SWM ti H Ni v cc vng khc trn c nc ch yu c bao cp t ngn sch nh nc. Theo s liu ca cng ty URENCO H Ni, ngn sch nh nc h tr hn 60% chi ph SWM. Trong khi , ph v sinh t cc h gia nh ch trang tri 10% chi ph SWM, xem hnh 2-7 di y.

Hnh 2-7 C cu ngn sch qun l cht thi rn ca URENCO9

3) Hot ng phn loi cht thi ti ngun Phn loi cht thi ti ngun(SS) c p dng ti H Ni vo nm 2003 & 2004 vi khu vc nghin cu ti phng Phan Chu Trinh. D n ny do URENCO H Ni thc hin v c cp kinh ph t U ban Nhn dn thnh ph H Ni. Theo d n ny, ngi dn c pht min ph hai loi ti nilon mi ngy phn loi rc thnh hai loi: rc hu c v rc v c. Tuy nhin, do mt nhiu kinh ph phn pht ti nilon nn nghin cu b ngng li. C nhiu d n nghin cu khc c thc hin ti H Ni. Tuy nhin, l d n nh v mang tnh t pht. Do , phn ln cc d n b ngng sau mt thi gian nht nh. Nm 2006, D n H tr thc hin sng kin 3R ti thnh ph H Ni gp phn pht trin x hi bn vng (d n 3R-HN)" c thc hin ti H Ni vi s gip k thut ca C quan hp tc quc t Nht Bn (JICA). Phn loi cht thi ti ngun c p dng l mt hp phn ca d n, ngay c khi d n kt thc vo nm 2009, hot ng phn loi cht thi ti ngun vn c duy tr do Hanoi URENCO v chnh quyn a phng thc hin. Thng 2 nm 2010, UBND thnh ph H Ni (HPC) ban hnh quy nh mi v QLCTR ti

9 Source: URENCO Hanoi



25 Bo co tin (2)

H Ni trong m rng hot ng phn loi cht thi ti ngun cng l mt trong nhng mc tiu c nu ra. M hnh phn loi cht thi ti ngun 3R-HN c nu s lc ti Bng 2-16 v nh c th hin ti nh 2-2.

Bng 2-16 Khi qut m hnh phn loi ngun H Ni (m hnh ti H Ni) TT Hng mc Chi tit 1 Quy m 4 phng ca 4 qun, khong 17,000 h gia nh 2 C quan thc hin URENCO H Ni v UBND cc phng hu quan 3 Hng mc rc thi 1. Rc hu c: c ch bin phn hu c

2. Rc v c: chuyn ti khu chn lp Nam Sn 3. Rc ti ch c: bn/cho ngi mua ng nt

4 H thng thu gom Ti ngun: h gia nh c cp hai thng cha rc c mu sc khc nhau phn loi rc t ngun Ti im thu gom: - H thng 240l thng cha rc - Thi gian rc: 6.00pm~8.30pm - im thu gom quy nh

5 Kt qu - Khong 5,000 tn cht thi hu c c thu gom t 4 vng nghin cu v chuyn n nh my ch bin phn hu c Cu din

- V sinh c ci thin r rt (khong 90% ngi dn cng nhn) - C s ng h ln t ngi dn v chnh quyn a phng

nh 2-2 Phn loi rc ti ngun ti H Ni

V vn chuyn, hin ti thnh ph H Ni cha c trm trung chuyn cht thi rn th. Do , rc thu c c chuyn trc tip v bi chn lp Nam Sn (cch thnh ph 50km) hoc ti nh my ch bin phn hu c . Hot ng ni trn l h thng chnh thc v thu gom rc thi H Ni, Bn cnh , h thng thu gom khng chnh thc khc tn ti H Ni gom cht ti ch/ph liu nh giy, nha, kim loi 4) Cc hot ng xc tin 3R Qua d n 3R H Ni, ngi dn ti thnh ph c c hi tip cn vi khi nim 3R. Mc d d n kt thc vo cui nm 2009, nhng cc hot ng xc tin 3R vn c ngi dn v chnh quyn thnh ph tin hnh. Mt s hot ng v v sinh cng cng H Ni c trnh by bn di y:



26 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-17 Ni dung cc hot ng 3R ti H Ni

i tng Hot ng Mc tiu

DONRE Ngy ch nht khng ti ni lng. c t chc u tin vo ngy 8 thng 8 nm 2010 nhm khuyn khch ngi dn s dng ti sinh thi , gim s dng ti ni lng

Siu th, ngi mua hng, doanh nghip

y ban nhn dn phng

- Ngy v sinh vo sng th by v ti th Su do y ban nhn dn phng v cc t chc on th ca phng t chc

- Chng trnh pht thanh v sinh pht vo mi sng th By

Cc h dn, c s kinh doanh

Hi ph n - Phong tro Ph n th khng vt rc ra ng v ni cng cng c trin khai v duy tr sut 10 nm qua ti thnh ph H Ni

-Cng tc vi cng ty URENCO H Ni t chc cc kha o to cho cc thnh vin hi ph n ti khu vc nng thn v 3R v sn xut phn bn ti gia

Thnh vin hi ph n (cc b ni tr)

URENCO - Phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng, hi ph n t chc gio dc mi trng v 3R cho cng ng nh t chc gio dc lu ng (chiu phim), gio dc mi trng ti cc nh my sn xut phn bn

Cu lc b tnh nguyn

C nhiu cu lc b tnh nguyn v mi trng ang hot ng H Ni nh cu lc b 3R, Go green, C4E Cc cu lc b ny phi hp t chc nhiu chng trnh gio dc mi trng cho cng ng v cc trng hc. Mt trong nhng hot ng ni bt l t nm 2008 t chc hi ch Mottainai hai ln/ nm.

Thanh nin H Ni, ngi dn H Ni

Gio dc mi trng ti nh my sn xut phn bn

Gio dc mi trng ti cc nh my sn xut phn bn

nh 2-3 Cc hot ng xc tin 3R ti H Ni

5)Ti ch Hot ng ni trn l h thng chnh thc v thu gom rc thi H Ni. Ngoi ra cn c h thng khng chnh thc thu gom cht ti ch nh giy, nha, kim loi. Sau khi thu gom, ph liu c chuyn n cc lng ngh ti ch x l. Quanh H Ni c nhiu lng ti ch vi nhiu loi ph thi c ti ch c th hin ti Bng 2-18.10

10 Ngun: ng Kim Chi, Vin KH CN v MT



27 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-18 Cc lng ngh trong v xung quanh H Ni

Thnh ph/tnh V tr/lng Nguyn liu ti ch

ti ch S lng Phn trm (%)*

H Ni Triu Khc Nha 77 42 Trung Vn Nha 43 35

Bc Ninh Dng Giy 350 95 Ph Lm Giy 13 - a Hi Kim loi 1,500 95

Hng Yn Minh Khai Nha 716 90

Nam nh Vn Chng Kim loi 615 90 Xun Tin Kim loi (ng) 2,015 85

Vnh Phc L Nhn Kim loi 670 61 Ghi ch: * t l h gia nh tham gia hot ng ti ch tnh theo tng s h gia nh ca lng

Tnh trng mi trng ti cc lng ti ch ang mc bo ng. Theo Bo co quc sgia v hin trng mi trng nm 2008, cht thi rn l m t trong nhng vn ca cc lng ngh song song vi nhim nc v nhim khng kh. c bit l lng ti ch giy v ti ch nha th thi ra mt lng ln cht thi rn hng ngy. Thnh phn cht thi rn ca cc khu vc ny thng bao gm nhn hng, bt giy, cao su Theo kt qu kho st ca Vin Khoa hc v cng ngh mi trng nm 200411, khi lng cht thi ti lng ti ch giy Dng Bc Ninh l khong t 4.0 n 4.5 tn/ngy. Tuy nhin, hu ht khi lng rc thi c thu gom v vn chuyn n cc bi rc l thin ca x/ huyn, hoc vt ngay cc bi t trng quanh lng. Theo kt qu ghi nhn c t t kho st thc a cc lng ngh ti tnh Bc Ninh, phng php ph bin nht x l cht thi rn ca cc hot ng ti ch l t rc, xem hnh 2-4.

Cht thi rn t cc lng ngh ti ch giy

t cht thi trn sngNg Huyn Kh

nh 2-4 Cht thi rn t cc lng ti ch Bc Ninh

6)X l Cc c s x l cht thi rn th ti H Ni c nu ti Bng 2-1712 v v tr cc c s c th hin ti Hnh 2-8.

11 Source: National report on Status of Environment: Environment of craft villages, 2008

12 Ngun: Bo co ca H Ni v hin trng mi trng, 2008



28 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-19 Danh mc c s x l v tiu hu rc H Ni TT C s C quan qun l Vng dch v Hin trng Bi chn lp

1 Khu x l rc thi rn Nam Sn URENCO Hanoi T 10 qun v 5 huyn ngoi thnh

- Tip nhn: ~3.000tn/ngy - Thi gian duy tr d kin: 12/ 2011

2 Bi chn lp Kiu Ky X nghip MTT Gia Lm

Cc vng thuc huyn Gia Lm - Tip nhn: ~100 tn/ngy

3 Bi chn lp Ni Thoong X nghip MTT Xun Mai

H ng, Chng M, Thanh Oai -Tm thi ng ca do nhim

4 Bi chn lp Xun Sn Cng ty c phn MTT Sn Ty

Th x Sn Ty, Huyn Ba V -Tip nhn: ~100 tn/ngy

Nh my Ch bin phn hu c

1 Nh my Cu Din URENCO H Ni Rc h c t 4 qun chnh (ch yu l t cc ch)

- Nhn: 50 tn/ngy - Lm phn hu c: 8tn/ngy

2 Nh my Kiu K X nghip MTT huyn Gia Lm Rc t qun Gia Lm

3 Nh my Seraphin Cng ty C phn Cng ngh Mi trng Xanh SERAPHIN

Rc t qun H ng v Hp tc x thu gom Thnh Cng

- Nhn: 50 60 tn/ngy - Lm phn hu c: 6 tn/ngy - ng than: 23 tn/ngy

Hnh 2-8 V tr c s x l CTR ti H Ni



29 Bo co tin (2)

(5) Kt qu kho st hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti H Ni Lng rc nhn c mi c s x l c th hin ti Bng 2-20. iu ny cho thy bi chn lp Nam Sn l c s QLCTR chnh H Ni tip nhn gn 90% lng rc.

Bng 2-20 Lng rc thi ti cc c s QLCTR H Ni STT C s x l Khi lng ( tn/ngy) 1 Bi chn lp Nam Sn 3,468 2 Bi chn lp Gia Lm (Kiu K) 118 3 Bi chn lp Xun Sn 227 4 Nh my ch bin phn hu c Kiu K 49 5 Nh my ch bin phn hu c Cu Din 53 6 Nh my ch bin phn hu c Seraphin 56

Tng cng 3,972

Bng 2-21 cho thy thnh phn rc trong lng rc ti cc c s QLCTR ti H Ni Ti cc c s x l, rc nh bp chim t l cao nht, chim 53% n 73% v ng th hai l nha chim 8-13%. C s khc nhau v thnh phn chim t l cao th ba gia cc bi chn lp v nh my ch bin phn hu c. Ngoi ra, ta thy rng t l rc thi nh bp/rc hu c ti nh my phn hu c Cu Din chim thnh phn cao nht trong cc c s x l CTR. L do c th do rc v c s Cu Din c la chn t cc ngun nhiu rc hu c nh cc ch hoc rc c phn loi t 4 phng trung tm H Ni cng c a v y.

Bng 2-21 Thnh phn rc n cc c s x l QLCTR H Ni Unit: %

TT Loi rc Nam Sn Gia Lm Xun Sn Kiu K Cu Din Seraphin 1 Rc nh bp 53.81 56.00 60.79 61.73 73.42 62.79 2 Giy 6.53 3.91 5.38 3.98 3.46 5.68 3 Vi 5.82 2.65 1.76 1.66 0.89 5.79 4 G 2.51 4.17 6.63 2.38 1.87 3.25 5 Nha 13.57 12.93 8.35 13.07 9.72 13.14 6 Da v cao su 0.15 0.09 0.22 0.18 0.45 0.09 7 Kim loi 0.87 0.26 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.57 8 Thu tinh 1.87 1.50 5.07 1.64 0.80 0.69 9 Snh s 0.39 1.39 1.26 0.92 1.65 2.16 10 v ct 6.29 7.08 5.44 4.16 1.78 4.62 11 X than 3.10 7.15 2.34 4.24 0.89 0.76 12 Nguy hi 0.17 0.13 0.82 0.07 0.06 - 13 Bm 4.34 2.30 1.63 4.94 3.80 0.46 14 Cc loi khc 0.58 0.44 0.05 0.77 0.94 - Tng s 100 100 100 100 100 100

Dng rc thi ti H Ni c th hin ti Hnh 2-9. Theo hnh ny, lng rc thi tip nhn ti tng c s x l CTR l s liu c o thc s qua kho st. Trong khi , s liu v ti ch, phn hu c v b thi l con s c tnh.



30 Bo co tin (2)

Ti ch (330)

Pht thi

*H gia nh

*C s kinh doanh

*Vn phng, c quan

*ng ph

X l v Tiu hy (3,974)

Thu gom (4,139)

1.Cng ty TNHH mi trng th mt thnh vin (URENCO) 2.Cng ty C phn mi trng Thng Long 3.Cng ty C phn mi trng Ty 4.Cng ty C phn mi trng Xanh 5.Cng ty C phn Cng ngh v Mi trng Sinh Thi 6.Hp tc x Thnh Cng 7.Cng ty c phn Mi trng H ng 8.Cng ty Mi trng v Cng trnh th Sn Ty 9.Cng ty Mi trng th Xun Mai 10.Cng ty c phn mi trng Sng Hng 11.Cng ty c phn thng mi Ni Bi 12.Hp tc x Mai Dinh 13.X nghip MTT T Lim 14.X nghip MTT Thanh Tr 15.X nghip MTT Gia Lm 16.X nghip MTT ng Anh 17.X nghip MTT Sc Sn 18.Cng ty TNHH Mt thnh vin thot nc

(20)

Chn nui gia sc (2)

Lng ngh ti ch (348)

Ghi ch: 1. n v: tn/ngy 2. Khi lng b thi c c tnh da trn t l thi (Cu Din: 40%, Gia Lm, Seraphin: 60%) 3. Khi lng phn hu c c c tnh da trn t l thnh phm (Cu Din: 15%, Gia Lm 10%, Seraphin:10%) 4. Khi lng ph liu thu gom c c tnh da trn nghin cu ca JICA thc hin ti Hi Phng nm 2001 = 8.3% khi lng thu gom

(165)

(165) Ngi nht rc

Thu mua ng nt

Ca hng ph liu

Cu Din (53)

Nam Sn (3,470)

(16)

CP: (8)

(30) Gia Lm (49) Kiu K

(118)

CP: (5)

Seraphin (58)

Than (23)

CP: (6)

Sn Ty (222)

(3,454)

(88)

Hnh 2-9 S lu chuyn cht thi ti H Ni

2.2.3 Hi Phng Ging nh H Ni, c quan chu trch nhim chnh v qun l QLCTRT Hi Phng l S Xy dng. URENCO Hi Phng l cng ty nh nc chnh chu trch nhim thu gom, vn chuyn, x l rc thi thnh ph Hi Phng. (1) Th ch Quy nh v qun l cht thi rn: Khng c quy nh c th v qun l rc thi rn Hi Phng. Tuy nhin, UBND thnh ph Hi Phng v Hi ng nhn dn ban hnh nhiu ngh quyt hng dn QLCTR ti Hi Phng gm:

Ngh quyt s 22/NQ-TU ngy 24 thng 3 nm 2005 ca Ban cn s ng v bo v mi trng n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm 2020.

Ngh quyt s 09/2010/NQ-HND ph duyt Chng trnh thu gom rc thi rn nng thn, giai on 2010 -2020.



31 Bo co tin (2)

Ph v l ph: Quyt nh s 2564/QD UBND ngy 21/12/2009 sa i ph v sinh thnh ph Hi

Phng

(2) Quy hoch QLCTR Hi Phng cha c quy hoch QLCTR. Tuy nhin, nm 2001 JICA thc hin Nghin cu c tn Nghin cu k hoch ci thin v sinh thnh ph Hi Phng ti Hi Phng. Mc ch ca nghin cu l: i) nh gi tnh hnh v sinh Hi Phng ii) thc hin mt s d n nghin cu chuyn giao cng ngh v iii) xut phng hng ci thin v sinh thnh ph hi Phng. nh hng trong tng lai v QLCTR c nu trong im iii). (3) Thc trng QLCTR 1) Thng tin chung 13

Lng CTRT Hi Phng khong trn 1,000 tn/ngy. Trong , c trn 800 tn/ngy pht sinh t 5 qun chnh ca thnh ph.

2) Thu gom v vn chuyn

Nh nu trn, URENCO Hi Phng l cng ty nh nc chu trch nhim thu gom v vn chuyn QLCTRT thnh ph. Hot ng ca URENCO Hi Phng bao gm ch yu cc qun ni thnh l ni pht sinh nhiu rc thi nht. Ngoi ra, c mt vi cng ty thu gom v vn chuyn QLCTRT. Cc cng ty ny do UBND huyn thnh lp v qun l. Phng thc thu gom chnh ti thnh ph Hi Phng l phng php thu gom trc tip ti ch bng xe thu gom th cng (h thng g kng). Bn cnh , vic thu gom rc c th ti ch mt cch khng chnh thc c b phn t nhn thc hin thnh ph Hi Phng. 3) X l C hai phng php x l rc thi Hi Phng l ch bin phn hu c v chn lp. C su bi chn lp Hi Phng. Trong ch c duy nht mt bi chn lp hp v sinh. Danh sch cc c s x l QLCTRT v v tr c trnh by theo th t ti Bng 2-22 v Hnh 2-10.

Bng 2-22 Danh sch cc c s x l QLCTRT Hi Phng 14 TT C s Vng dch v Ghi ch Bi chn lp 1 Bi chn lp Trng Ct Bn qun chnh v qun Kin An bi chn lp hp v sinh 2 Bi chn lp nh V Bn qun chnh v qun Kin An bi chn lp m 3 Bi chn lp Sn Qun Sn bi chn lp tm thi 4 Bi chn lp Tin Lng Huyn Tin Lng bi chn lp tm thi 5 Bi chn lp Thy Nguyn Huyn Thy Nguyn bi chn lp tm thi 6 Bi chn lp Vnh Bo Huyn Vnh Bo bi chn lp tm thi

Nh my ch bin phn hu c 1 Nh my ch bin phn hu

c Trng Ct Bn qun chnh Cng sut thit k: 200

tn/ngy

13 Ngun: URENCO Hi Phng 14 Khng bao gm s liu ti hai huyn o ca Hi Phng



32 Bo co tin (2)

Hnh 2-10 V tr cc c s x l QLCTR ti Hi Phng

(4) Kt qu kho st hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti Hi Phng Thnh ph Hi Phng c 6 bi chn lp v 1 nh my phn hu c. Tuy nhin, trong s 6 bi chn lp, ch c Trng Ct l bi chn lp hp v sinh. Bn bi chn lp l Thu Nguyn, Vnh Bo, Tin Lng v Sn l bi rc m. Bi chn lp Trng Ct v nh V tip nhn hn 70% tng lng rc gom c Hi Phng. Khi lng rc thi trung bnh tip nhn ti tng c s c m t Bng 2-23.

Bng 2-23 Lng rc n tng c s x l rc Hi Phng

Bng 2-24 cho thy thnh phn rc thi tip nhn ti cc c s x l QLCTR Hi Phng. V thnh phn rc tip nhn tng c s x l CTR Hi Phng, thnh phn cao nht l rc nh bp chim t l 51.0% - 60.7%, tip theo l nha chim 11.3% - 15.1%. T l rc nh bp nh my ch bin phn hu c Trng Ct cao hn mt cht so vi cc c s khc.

TT n v x l S lng ( tn/ngy) 1 Trng Ct 455 2 nh V 307 3 Thy Nguyn 41 4 Vnh Bo 9 5 Tin Lng 7 6 Sn 28 7 Trng Ct (6ngy/tun)) 158

Tng 1,005



33 Bo co tin (2)

Bng 2-24 Thnh phn rc tip nhn ti cc c s QLCTR Hi Phng n v: %

TT Loi rc Trng Ct nh V

Thy Nguyn

Vnh Bo

Tin Lng Sn

NM x l rc Trng

Ct

1 Rc nh bp 55.18 57.56 54.59 56.09 51.03 51.03 60.67 2 Giy 4.54 5.42 7.04 6.07 5.58 5.58 4.87 3 Vi 4.57 5.12 6.81 3.40 6.46 6.46 3.48 4 G 4.93 3.70 3.74 4.70 4.59 4.59 4.49 5 Nha 14.34 11.28 12.93 19.64 15.13 15.13 11.66 6 Da v cao su 1.05 1.90 0.42 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.27 7 Kim loi 0.47 0.25 0.47 0.47 0.35 0.35 1.37 8 Knh 1.69 1.35 2.29 1.24 1.74 1.74 2.80 9 Snh s 1.27 0.44 1.81 0.53 2.43 2.43 0.91 10 v ct 3.08 2.96 2.11 1.85 2.43 2.43 1.72 11 X than 5.70 6.06 5.15 2.50 5.06 5.06 2.75 12 Nguy hi 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.18 0.18 0.14 13 Bm 2.29 2.75 1.93 2.17 3.55 3.55 3.69 14 Loi khc 1.46 1.14 0.66 0.75 0.92 1.68 1.20 Tng s 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Dng rc thi Hi Phng c c tnh v tm tt ti Hnh 2-11. Theo chu trnh ny, nh H Ni, lng rc tip nhn mi c s QLCTR l s o thc qua kho st. Trong khi s liu v ti ch, sn phm phn hu c v b thi l s liu c tnh.

Ti ch (82)

Pht thi

*H gia nh

*C s kinh doanh

*C quan, ni cng cng

*ng ph

X l v Tiu hy (1,005)

Thu gom (1,046)

1.Cng ty MTT Hi Phng 2. Cng ty Cng trnh th Sn 3. Cng ty Cng trnh th Tin Lng 4. Cng ty Cng trnh th Thy Nguyn 5. Cng ty Cng trnh th Vnh Bo

Vnh Bo (9)

(5)

Nng tri (0.5)

Ngi nht rc

Thu mua ng nt

Ca hng ph liu

C s ti ch (86.5)

Trng Ct CP (158)

Trng Ct (455)

(95)

CP: (16)

(41)

Lu : 1. n v: tn/ngy 2. Khi lng b thi c tnh da trn t l pht sinh b thi = 40% 3. Khi lng phn hu c c tnh da trn t l thnh phm = 10% 4. Khi lng cht thi ti ch c c tnh da trn t l thu c t kho st ca JICA ti Hi Phng nm 2001 = 8.3% khi lng thu gom

nh V (307)

Sn (28)

Tin Lng (7)

Thy Nguyn (40)

(41)

Hnh 2-11 Dng lu chuyn CTRT Hi Phng



34 Bo co tin (2)

2.2.4 Hu (1) T chc Hu l thnh ph trc thuc tnh Tha Thin Hu. Do vy, cc hot ng lin quan n QLCTRT ti thnh ph Hu c tin hnh di s ch o ca UBND Tnh Tha Thin Hu v cc c quan chc nng ca tnh;

S Xy dng: l c quan ch tr trc tip qun l QLCTRT tnh Tha Thin Hu S Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp vi S Xy dng qun l QLCTRT S Ti chnh cp vn ngn sch nh nc cho cc hot ng qun l QLCTRT

(2) Th ch K hoch chung v bo v mi trng:

K hoch s 94/KH-UBND v thc hin cc chng trnh trng im v bo v mi trng nm 2009

K hoch s 03/KH-UBND ngy 05/01/2010 ca UBND tnh v vic thc hin cc chng trnh trng im v bo v mi trng nm 2010.

Quy nh v qun l QLCTRT: Quyt nh s 10/2010/Q-UBND ngy 22 thng 3 nm 2010 ban hnh quy nh v m

bo v sinh i vi cc hot ng du lch ti sng Hng.

Ph v l ph: Quyt nh s 4581/2004 QD-UBND ca UBND tnh Tha Thin Hu v thu ph v sinh

tnh Tha Thin Hu

(3) Quy hoch QLCTR Cha c quy hoch tng th v QLCTR Hu nhng nh hng pht trin trong tng lai c th hin ti cc quyt nh sau:

Quyt nh s 2298/Q-UBND ngy 6 thng 10 nm 2008 ph duyt k hoch v h thng thu v x l cht thi rn Tha Thin Hu n nm 2010, tm nhn ti nm 2020. (4) Hin trng QLCTR 1) Thng tin chung15: Hin ti, lng rc thi pht sinh thnh ph Hu theo bo co vo khong 200 tn/ngy. 2) Thu gom v vn chuyn16 Cng ty mi trng v cng trnh cng cng Hu (HEPCO) l cng ty nh nc duy nht thu gom v vn chuyn rc thi thnh ph Hu. C hai phng php thu gom ang c p dng ti Hu:

H thng xe y: Cng nhn thu gom rc thi y xe thu gom rc ngi dn ra va h hoc trc tip vo xe v a ti im rc cho ln xe (h thng g kng).

H thng thng cha rc: Cc thng cha rc c t ti v tr c nh. Ngi dn mang rc thi vo cc thng c nh ny. Xe ti s thu gom rc trc tip t cc thng c nh

15 Ngun: DONRE Thua Thien Hue Bo co qun l mi trng Vit Nam 16 Ngun: HEPCO, DONRE



35 Bo co tin (2)

ny ti cc c s x l H thng thng cha rc c p dng nghin cu t nm 1999. Sau thi gian nghin cu, nhiu u im ca h thng c bit v ci thin v sinh mi trng c khng nh. Chnh v th, m hnh c nhn rng ra ton min bc ca sng Hng. 3) X l rc thi C mt c s x l rc thi v mt bi chn lp rc Hu. S lc v cc c s x l QLCTR v v tr c trnh by ln lt ti Bng 2-25 v Hnh 2-12.

Bng 2-25 C s x l CTR Hu TT C s C quan qun l Din tch Ghi ch

1 Bi chn lp Thy Phng HEPCO 10 ha - Bi chn lp hp v sinh - Nhn rc thi vo cui tun do c s x l rc thi Thu Phng ng ca

2 Nh my x l cht thi rn Thy Phng

Tm Sinh Ngha 4.2 ha

- Nhn khong 200 tn/ngy - Sn phm phn hu c: 14 tn/ngy - Hot ng 5 ngy/tun (ng ca vo ch nht v th by)

Hnh 2-12 V tr cc c s x l QLCTR Hu (5) Kt qu kho st hin trng qun l cht thi rn th ti Hu Lng cht thi rn th thu gom c ti Hu khong 200 tn/ngy. V cng sut ca nh my Tm Sinh Ngha khong 200 tn/ngy nn hu ht lng rc pht sinh c chuyn ti x l ti nh my ny. Tuy nhin, do nh my ng ca Th by v Ch nht, nn rc trong hai ngy ny s c chuyn sang bi chn lp Thy Phng. Lng rc trung bnh tip nhn ti mi c s QLCTR c th hin Bng 2-26 di y



36

bc nghien cuu ve ql ctr tai vn -jica

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