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G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V cïi evwn¨K cix¶v, Af¨šÍixY cix¶v Ges cix¶vMv‡i

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cvV 1.1 cïi evwn¨K cix¶v

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wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

� Kxfv‡e †ivMvµvšÍ cïi mvaviY I wb`vwbK ev wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶v Ki‡eb Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

� Kxfv‡e cïi kvixwiK cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| eZ©gvb I AZxZ BwZnvm cïi †ivM wbY©‡qi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB evwn¨K cix¶v Avek¨K| G cix¶v‡K mvaviY

cix¶v (General Examination) e‡j| †iv‡M AvµvšÍ cï †_‡K K‡qK MR `~‡i `vuwo‡q G cix¶v Kiv nq| cï gvby‡li b¨vq K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡RB,

evwn¨K cix¶vi c~‡e© cïi gvwjK A_ev cvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K †ivMmsµvšÍ wewfbœ eZ©gvb I AZxZ Z_¨vw` m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| D`vniY¯iƒc, cïi Lv`¨ MÖnY ¯vfvweK Av‡Q wK−bv, cï cÖmªvecvqLvbv wVKg‡Zv Ki‡Q wK−bv, eZ©gv‡b Zvi Amyweav Kx, KZw`b c~‡e© †iv‡Mi j¶Y cÖ_g †`Lv w`‡q‡Q, BwZc~‡e© †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK−bv BZ¨vw`|

mvaviY cix¶v (General Examination)

BDwbU 1 M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q

cÖv_wgK KiYxq

cïi †ivM wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Gi gvwjK ev cvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K

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M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM I cÖwZKvi

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cï‡K cÖ_‡g ~i †_‡K †`‡L Ges c‡i wbK‡U †h‡q Zvi kvixwiK cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviY cix¶vi g‡a¨ wb‡Pi ch©‡e¶Y¸‡jv †ivM wbY©‡qi Rb¨ mnvqK n‡e| h_v− K. AvPi (Behaviour) t Amy ’ cï mvaviYZ mxwgZ bovPov K‡i Ges Ab¨vb¨ cï †_‡K wew”Qbœ _v‡K| cvwicvwk¦©K DÏxcK Amy ’ cï‡K D‡ØwjZ K‡i bv| A‡bK mgq cï‡K ’wei I wPšÍvhy³ g‡b nq| †c‡U e¨_v n‡j cï‡K Aw ’i g‡b nq, †ewk bovPov K‡i, NbNb ï‡q c‡o I D‡V `vuovq, †c‡Ui w`‡K ZvKvq I wcQ‡bi cv w`‡q †c‡U AvNvZ K‡i, MovMwo †`q, WvKvWvwK K‡i| kix‡i LwYRRvZxq Dcv`v‡bi (†hgb− †mvwWqvg †K¬vivBW, †Kvevë, dmdivm BZ¨vw`) Afve n‡j cï ALv`¨ e ‘, †hgb− Kvco, Ry‡Zv BZ¨vw` LvIqvi †Póv K‡i| Avevi RjvZ¼ n‡j cï D‡ËwRZ I AvµgYvZœK nq| L. Mjvi ¯i (Voice) t wKQy wKQy †ivM, †hgb− RjvZ¼, n‡j cïi Mjvi ¯i cwiewZ©Z nq| kix‡i Zxeª e¨_v n‡j cï Aby”P ¯‡i `xN©¶Y WvK‡Z _v‡K|

M. Lv`¨ MÖnY (Eating) t Amy ’ cï‡Z iæwPnxbZv †`Lv †`q| gyLMnŸ‡i †Kv‡bv ¶Z _vK‡j, Abœbvwj msKzwPZ n‡j A_ev Abœbvwji Dc‡i Aew ’Z MnŸi A_©vr Mjwej ev d¨vwism Aek (Pharyngeal Paralysis) n‡j cï Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| N. PvjPjb I fw½ (Gait & Posture) t cïi PvjPjb I fw½ †`‡L kvixwiK Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| †hgb− †Kv‡bv cï Lyuwo‡q nvuU‡j Zv cÖavbZ cv‡qiøvqy, †cwk, Aw ’ ev Aw ’mwÜi †ivM wb‡`©k K‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc ¶ziv‡ivM, ev`jv, mwÜPy¨wZ A_ev cv‡qi nvo †f‡O †M‡j cï Lyuwo‡q nvu‡U| †c‡U e¨_v n‡j wcV Kzu‡Rv K‡i iv‡L, gv_v †Nviv ev wMW †ivM (Gid Disease) n‡j cï e„ËvKv‡i Nyi‡Z _v‡K| ey‡K e¨_v A_ev k¦vmKó n‡j cï mvg‡bi `ycv evB‡ii w`‡K m¤úÖmvwiZ K‡i| wU‡Ubvm (Tetanus) n‡j †jR, Kvb, Nvo BZ¨vw` k³ n‡q hvq| ZviKvUvRvZxq wRwbm Lv‡`¨i m‡½ cvK ’jx‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡j cï †giæ`Û abyKvK…wZ I †cU Uvb K‡i iv‡L| gjØvi, †hvwbØvi cÖf…wZ A‡½ e¨_v Abyf‚Z n‡j †jR DuwP‡q iv‡L| y»R¡i (Milkfever) n‡j Miæ kvwqZ Ae ’vq gv_v ey‡Ki w`‡K evuwK‡q iv‡L| g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi NvUwZRwbZ wU‡Uwb †ivM (Grass Tetany) n‡j Miæ cvk¦©w`‡K ï‡q (Lateral Recumbancy) Pvi nvZcv Qwo‡q iv‡L Ges gv_v aby‡Ki g‡Zv †eu‡K hvq|

O. Z¡K (Skin) t Z¡‡Ki Ae ’v cÖZ¨¶ K‡iI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ivM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ my ’ cïi Z¡K gm„Y _v‡K| Amy ’ cïi †jvg Dm‡KvLyk‡Kv _v‡K| AwaK kx‡Z A_ev R¡‡i cïi †jvg Lvov _v‡K| `v`, †dvuov, ¶Z BZ¨vw` n‡j `~i †_‡K mn‡R Abygvb Kiv hvq|

cvwicvwk¦©K DÏxcK Amy¯’ cï‡K D‡ØwjZ K‡i bv|

¶ziv‡ivM, ev`jv, mwÜPy¨wZ A_ev cv‡qi nvo †f‡O †M‡j cï Lyuwo‡q nvu‡U|

my¯’ cïi Z¡K gm„Y| Amy¯’ cïi †jvg Dm‡KvLyk‡Kv nq|

M„ncvwjZ cïi †ivM wbY©‡q cÖv_wgK KiYxq

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P. wewea t Amy ’ cï mvaviYZ wbR©xe _v‡K| gkvgvwQ Mv‡q em‡j gv_v, Kvb ev †jR w`‡q Zvovq bv| cvwicvwk¦©K Ae ’vi cwieZ©‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv †`Lvq bv| gy‡Li Dc‡i †Vvu‡Ui †jvgwenxb Ask ev gv‡Rj (Muzzle) ï®‹ n‡q hvq| my ’ I mej cï‡Z gv‡Rj me©`v Ng©v³ _v‡K| Amy ’ cïi RveiKvUv eÜ n‡q hvq Ges ˆ`wnK Ae ’vi AebwZ N‡U| `xN© ’vqx †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y, †hgb− cywónxbZv ev K…wgi Avµg‡Y, cï `ye©j n‡q c‡o| cïi wb`vwbK ev wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶v (Clinical Examination) G cix¶vi mgq AwaKvsk cï weiw³ †eva K‡i Ges cÖwZ‡iva Kivi †Póv K‡i| G Kvi‡Y Gme cix¶v myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cï‡K fv‡jvfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| K¨v‡Uj k~U (Cattle Chute), wjc UzBP (Lip Twitch) cÖf…wZ e¨envi K‡i cï‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| ZvQvov Miæi

wPÎ 1 t wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶vi Rb¨ K¨v‡Uj k~‡U cï wbqš¿Y

my¯’ I mej cï‡Z gv‡Rj me©`v Ng©v³ _v‡K|



wPÎ 2 t wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶vi Rb¨ wjc UzBP Øviv cï wbqš¿Y

cv‡k `vuwo‡q gv_v I wks k³fv‡e a‡i cï‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| GQvov D‡ËwRZ I PÂj cï‡K `wo w`‡q gvwU‡Z †d‡j (Casting) wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| GLv‡b wewfbœ wb`vwbK ev wK¬wbK¨vj cix¶vi msw¶ß weeiY †`qv n‡q‡Q |

wPÎ 3 t wks I gv_v a‡i cï wbqš¿Y

wPÎ 4 t `wo †eu‡a gvwU‡Z †d‡j cï wbqš¿Y K. gjvk‡qi ZvcgvÎv (Rectal Temperature) t gvby‡li b¨vq wewfbœ cÖRvwZi M„ncvwjZ cïi †`‡nI wbw ©ó ZvcgvÎv i‡q‡Q| gw Í‡®‹i nvB‡cv_¨vjvgv‡m (Hypothalamus) Aew ’Z †K›`ªxq Zvc wbqš¿Y †K›`ª (Thermoregulatory

Centre) wewfbœ cÖwZK‚j Ae ’vi g‡a¨I wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎv i¶v K‡i| GKwU my¯’ Miæi ˆ`wnK ZvcgvÎv 38.30

−38.90 †mjwmqvm (1010−1020 dv‡ibnvBU)| †`‡ni G DËv‡ci n«vm-e„w× cïi Amy ’Zv wb‡`©k K‡i| mvaviYZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv,

my¯’ Mi€i ˆ`wnK ZvcgvÎv 38.30−38.90 †mjwmqvm ev 1010−1020 dv‡ibnvBU|



fvBivm, gvB‡KvcøvRgv, K¬¨vgvBwWqv, QÎvK BZ¨vw` RxevY zGes †cÖv‡Uv‡Rvqv I Ab¨vb¨ ciRxexi Øviv m„ó †iv‡M †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| ¶z`ªvKvi cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„n`vKvi cïi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| Mf©eZx I Kg eq¯‹ cïi ZvcgvÎv Mf©nxb I AwaK eq¯‹ cïi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| †`‡ni ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mKvj †_‡K we‡K‡j †ewk _v‡K|

wPÎ 5 t gjvkq †_‡K Mvfxi †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv wbY©q L. bvwo (Pulse) t ürwc‡Ûi cÖwZ ¯ú›`‡b i³ agwbi gva¨‡g mviv kix‡i mÂvwjZ nq| cÖwZ ¯ú›`‡b m„ó i³ cÖevn agwbi †`qv‡j av°v †`q hv cïi kix‡ii wbw`©ó ’v‡b nvZ †i‡L Abygvb Kiv hvq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi bvwoi MwZi nvi wewfbœ| †Kv‡bv cïi bvwoi MwZ m¤‡Ü aviYv _vK‡j H cïi ürwc‡Ûi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv hvq|

wPÎ 6 t †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Miæi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q

ürwc‡Ûi cÖwZ ¯ú›`‡b i³ agwbi gva¨‡g mviv kix‡i mÂvwjZ nq|



wPÎ 7 t †Pvqv‡ji agwb †_‡K †Nvovi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q

M. k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi (Respiratory Rate) t †Kv‡bv GKwU cï cÖwZ wgwb‡U hZevi k¦vm MÖnY A_ev Z¨vM K‡i ZvB n‡”Q †m cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi|

wPÎ 8 t Mevw`cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q kvixwiK cix¶v (Physical Examination) kvixwiK cix¶v wZbfv‡M wef³| wb‡¤œ G¸‡jv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv− K. cvj‡ckb (Palpation) t cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g kix‡ii Af¨šÍixY A½cÖZ¨‡½i AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| G c×wZ‡Z cïi †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Pvc w`‡j H ’v‡bi `„pZv, †e`bvf‚wZ, ’vwbK

cwieZ©b cÖf…wZ Abygvb Kiv hvq| †hgb− ev`jv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ ’vb cvj‡cU Ki‡j cyicyi kã nq Ges cï e¨_v Abyfe K‡i| ¶z`ª AvKv‡ii cï, †hgb−

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L. cviKvkb (Percussion) t kix‡ii wewfbœ As‡k nvZ w`‡q g„`y AvNvZ Ki‡j †h kã m„wó nq Zv A‡bK‡¶‡Î †ivM wbY©‡q mnvqK nq| cÖavbZ eyK Ges †c‡U G c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| G cix¶vi gva¨‡g A‡bK‡¶‡Î †`nvf¨šÍ‡ii A¯vfvweK

Ae ’v †evSv hvq| D`vniY¯iƒc, cvK ’jx ev AšÍ M¨vm Øviv ùxZ n‡j H c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zv mn‡RB wbY©q Kiv hvq|

M. A¯‹vj‡Ukb (Auscultation) t G c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡M kix‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i wewfbœ A‡½i Kvh©µ‡gi †cÖw¶‡Z m„ó kã kªe‡Yi gva¨‡g †mme A‡½i A¯vfvweKZv

wbiƒcY Kiv nq| G cix¶vi Øviv cÖavbZ ürwcÛ, dzmdzm, cvK ’jx, AšÍ cÖf…wZ A‡½i Kvh©µg cix¶v Kiv nq| †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci (Stethoscope) mvnv‡h¨ G

cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g kix‡ii Af¨šÍixY A½cÖZ¨‡½i AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq|

cÖavbZ eyK Ges †c‡U cviKvkb c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|



cix¶v Kiv nq| kvšÍ cï‡Z kix‡ii wbw`©ó ’v‡b Kvb jvwM‡qI G cix¶v Kiv hvq| Abykxjb (Activity) t Avcbvi GjvKvi M„ncvwjZ cï‡Z †hme †ivM †`Lv hvq e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib †m¸‡jvi j¶Y I Ab¨vb¨ ˆewkó¨mg~n wjLyb| mvigg© t gvby‡li Rxe‡b M„ncvwjZ cïi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| cÖwZeQi AmsL¨ Mevw`cï Ges nvumgyiwM wPwKrmvi Afv‡e gviv hvq| G‡`i‡K i¶vi Rb¨ mwVK

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cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1 1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý (�) w`b| K. cïi kix‡i KLb R¡i †`Lv †`q? i) RxevYy I ciRxexi msµgY n‡j ii) LwYR Dcv`v‡bi Afve n‡j iii) K…wgi AvµgY n‡j iv) cywónxbZv n‡j L. cïi kix‡ii †Kvb& ’vb †_‡K ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv nq? i) gyLMnŸi ii) bvwmKviÜ« iii) gjØvi iv) †hvwbØvi 2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb| K. kix‡i LwYR Dcv`v‡bi Afve n‡j cï ALv`¨ e ‘ Lvq| L. RjvZ¼ †iv‡M cïi Mjvi ¯i cwiewZ©Z nq| 3| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Kiæb| K. my ’ cïi Z¡K _______ _v‡K L. wjc UzBP e¨envi K‡i cï _______ Kiv hvq| 4| GK K_v ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. †Kvb& †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j cï D‡ËwRZ nq?

L. ev`jv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ ’vb cvj‡cU Ki‡j Kx nq?

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� gyLMnŸi, †PvL I Kvb cix¶vmsµvšÍ bvbv Z_¨vw` m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

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g~j¨vq‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq| Avevi A‡bK †ivM evwn¨K

Ges Af¨šÍixY Dfq cix¶vi gva¨‡g P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq| ZvQvov

cix¶vMv‡i bgybv cix¶vi gva¨‡gI A‡bK †ivM P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq| G

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K. †iwWIMÖvwd (Radiography) t iÄbiwk¥ ev G·-†i (X-ray) cÖ‡qv‡Mi

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wKQy †ivM evwn¨K cix¶v, wKQy †ivM evwn¨K I Af¨šÍixY Dfq cix¶vi gva¨‡g

P‚ovšÍ fv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq|

iÄbiwk¥ ev G·-†i (X-ray) cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`nvf¨šÍ‡ii A½cÖZ¨‡½i Qwe MÖnY‡K †iwWIMÖvwd e‡j|



evsjv‡`‡k gvby‡li wPwKrmvq G cÖhyw³ e¨vcKfv‡e Av „Z n‡jI cï‡Z Gi eënvi GLbI ïiæ nq wb| L. gjvkq cix¶v (Rectal Examination) t †f‡Uwibvwi (Veterinary) ev cï wPwKrmv †ckvq †iKUvg ev gjvkq cix¶vi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| gvVch©v‡q G cix¶v e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ|

wPÎ 9 t †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g Mevw`cïi †ivM wbY©q e„n`vKvi cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, †Nvov cÖf…wZ cïi †cŠwóK, g~Î I RbbZ‡šÍi

†ivMe¨vwa wbiƒc‡b †iKUvj cix¶v AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Ki| G cix¶vq gjvk‡q nvZ XzwK‡q †c‡Ui Af¨šÍ‡ii wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i A¯vfvweK Ae ’v mivmwi cix¶v Kiv nq| cix¶v c×wZ− ♦ cÖ_‡g cï‡K fv‡jvfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G cix¶vi Rb¨ h_vm¤¢e

K¨vUj k~U eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| ♦ cøvw÷‡Ki j¤^v wú‡fi Møvfm †h †Kv‡bv GKwU nv‡Z co‡Z n‡e| cïi †`n

†_‡K m¤¢ve¨ RxevYy msµgY †iva Kivi Rb¨ Møvfm (Gloves) eënvi Kiv nq| ZvQvov Møvfm eënvi Ki‡j nv‡Z †Kv‡bv gj ev cvqLvbv jv‡M bv| Z‡e Møvfmwenxb nvZ ØvivI G cix¶v Kiv hvq|

♦ †iKUvj cix¶vi mgq cwiwnZ †cvkvK †hb †bvsiv bv nq †mRb¨ G‡cÖvb

Ges cïi ¶y‡ii Pvcv †_‡K cix¶vKvixi cv i¶vi Rb¨ nvUz ch©šÍ DuPz ivevi eyU ci‡Z n‡e|

♦ cwiwnZ Mvfm fv‡jvfv‡e f¨vmwjb, Zij mvevb A_ev LwYR †Zj w`‡q wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Møvfmmn nvZ mn‡RB gjbvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|

♦ gjbvwj‡Z nvZ cÖ‡e‡ki mgq cï mvaviYZ cvqLvbv I cÖmªve K‡i| Z‡e †¯”Qvq †Kv‡bv cï cvqLvbv bv Ki‡j gjbvwj †_‡K nvZ w`‡q cvqLvbv

†f‡Uwibvwi ev cïwPwKrmv †ckvq gjvkq cix¶vi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| gvV ch©v‡q G cix¶v e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ|



†d‡j w`‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨, gjbvwj cvqLvbv w`‡q c~Y© _vK‡j mwVKfv‡e †iKUvj cix¶v Kiv hvq bv|

♦ gjvk‡q nvZ cÖ‡e‡ki ci GKvMÖZv I mveavbZvi mv‡_ Av½yj w`‡q wewfbœ A‡½i A¯vfvweK Ae ’v cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq|

†iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Z‡šÍi †hme cÖavb cÖavb †ivM wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb−

†cŠwóKZš (Digestivc System) G Z‡šÍi AvIZvq gjbvwji wkw_jZv (Rectal Paralysis), AvwšÍK cÖ`vn (Enteritis), A‡šÍi ùxwZ (Intestinal Distension), A‡šÍi c¨vP LvIqv (Volvulus), A‡šÍi GK Ask Ab¨ As‡ki g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv (Intrasusception), wUDgvi, wmKvg k³ n‡q hvIqv (Caecal Impaction), cvK ’jxi ’vbPy¨wZ (Abomasal Displacement), iæ‡gb k³ nIqv (Ruminal Impaction), iæ‡g‡bi wbðjZv (Ruminal Atony) cÖf…wZ †ivM †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wbiƒcb Kiv hvq|

RbbZš¿ (Reproductive System) RbbZ‡š¿i wb¤œwjwLZ A‡½i †ivM cix¶v Kiv nq| h_v− wW¤^vkq (Ovary)− ¯úx cï‡Z `y‡Uv wW¤^vkq _v‡K| †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wW¤^vk‡qi wm÷, wUDgvi, AvK…wZ, cÖK…wZ Ges Kvh©KvwiZv cix¶v Kiv nq|

Rivqy (Uterus)− RivqycÖ`vn (Metritis), Rivqy cvKv (Pyometra), wUDgvi

cÖf…wZ †ivM cix¶v Kiv hvq| f¨vRvBbvj †¯žKzjvg e¨envi K‡i Gme †ivM cix¶v Kiv nq|

wPÎ 10 t f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjv‡gi gva¨‡g †hvwb I RivqyMÖxevi †ivM wbY©q

RivqyMÖxev (Cervix)− RivqyMÖxevi cÖ`vn (Cervicitis), RivqyMÖxev k³ n‡q hvIqv (Cervical Fibrosis), wUDgvi cÖf…wZ †ivM wbY©q Kiv hvq|

åƒYm¤úwK©Z cix¶v (Fetal Examination)− Mvfx Mf©eZx (Pregnant) wK−bv, Mf©cvZ (Abortion) n‡q‡Q wK−bv, Rivqy‡Z åƒ‡Yi Ae ’vb (Fetal



Presentation and Position) mwVK Av‡Q wK−bv, åƒY RxweZ wK g„Z, åƒ‡Yi wewfbœ †ivMve ’v, †hgb− nvB‡Wªv‡mdvjvm (Hydrocephalus), GgdvBwmgv (Emphysema) cÖf…wZ Ae ’v †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g wbiƒcb Kiv hvq|

†hvwb (Vagina)− f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjvg (Vaginal Speculum) e¨envi K‡i †hvwb Ges Rivqyi gyL (Uterine Os) cix¶v Kiv nq| cix¶v c×wZ (Examination Procedure)− ♦ cix¶K‡K cÖ_‡g G‡cÖvb I DuPz eyU co‡Z n‡e| ♦ Mvfx‡K K¨vUj k~‡U h_vh_fv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

♦ f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjvg hš¿ wUi `y‡Uv †Pvqv‡ji ewnivsk f¨vmwjb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ˆZjv³ c`v_© Øviv wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

♦ hš¿ wUi †Pvqvj y‡Uv GKÎ K‡i mZK©Zvi mv‡_ †hvwb‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e| AZtci †Pvqvj y‡Uv ax‡i ax‡i cÖmvwiZ Ki‡j †hvwbi †`qvj I RivqyMÖxev mn‡RB `„k¨gvb n‡e| Av‡jvi Ach©vßZv n‡j UP© e¨envi Kiv hvq| G cix¶vi gva¨‡g †hvwb †`qv‡ji ¶Z, i³cvZ, ¸wU (Nodule), cÖ`vn (Vaginitis), wUDgvi, †hvwbi msKxY©Zv cÖf…wZ cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvq| ZvQvov RivqyMÖxevi gyL Db¥y³ wK eÜ ZvI †`Lv hvq| RivqyMÖxevi gy‡L

i³, cuyR ev AwZwi³ †k®§vi Dcw ’wZ cix¶v Kiv hvq| Avevi †Kv‡bv cïi †hvwb I gjbvwji mshyw³ (Rectovaginl Fistula) NU‡j †hvwb‡Z cvqLvbv †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|

g ÎZš (Urinary System) †iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g e„‡°i AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq| e„°cÖ`vn (Nephritis), nvB‡Wªv‡b‡d«vwmm (Hydronephrosis), cvB‡jv‡bd«vBwUm (Pyelonephritis), wUDgvi cÖf…wZ †iv‡M e„‡°i AvKvi eo nq| GQvov G cix¶vi gva¨‡g g~Î_wji wUDgvi wbY©q Kiv hvq| gyLMnŸi cix¶v (Examination of Buccal Cavity)

†ivM wbY©‡q gyLMnŸi cix¶v AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| gyLMnŸ‡i †Kv‡bv KvuUv wea‡j, ¶Z n‡j ev †Kv‡bv cÖ`vn n‡j Lv`¨ MÖnY eÜ n‡q hvq| ¶zavg›`v Ges jvjv cov G `y‡Uv j¶Y †`Lv †M‡j cïi gyLMnŸi cix¶v Kiv Avek¨K| Z‡e RjvZ¼ †ivM m‡›`n n‡j gyLMnŸi cix¶v eR©b Kiv DwPZ|

†iKUvj cix¶vi gva¨‡g e„‡°i AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq|



K L wPÎ 11 t cïi gyLMnŸi cix¶v

P¶z cix¶v

(Examination of Eye)

Mevw`cïi „wókw³msµvšÍ mgm¨v A‡c¶vK„Z Kg| Ad‡_j‡gv‡¯‹vc (Opthalmoscope) h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ †Pv‡Li Af¨š¿ixY As‡ki A¯vfvweK Ae ’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k Mevw`cïi †¶‡Î G h‡š¿i cÖ‡qvM GLbI ïiæ nq wb|

wPÎ 12 t Ac_¨vj‡gv‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ cïi †PvL cix¶v

Kvb cix¶v (Examination of Ear) Mevw`cï‡Z †Pv‡Li b¨vq Kv‡bi mgm¨vI Kg| Z‡e, KzKz‡i Kvb cvKv (Otorrhoea) †ivM cÖvqB †`Lv hvq| Bqvi †¯úKzjvg (Ear Speculum) h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ Kv‡bi Af¨šÍixY As‡ki cÖ`vn, i³cvZ (Haemorrhage), d‡ib ewWi (Foreign Body) Dcw ’wZ cÖf…wZ welq ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq|

wPÎ 13 t A‡Uv‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ cïi Kvb cix¶v

Mevw`cïi „wókw³msµvšÍ mgm¨v A‡c¶vK„Z Kg|



Abykxjb (Activity) t gjvkq cix¶vi gva¨‡g Kx Kx Z‡š¿i †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq? G¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb| mvigg© t Af¨šÍixY cix¶vi gva¨‡g †`nvf¨šÍ‡ii A`„k¨ wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i †ivMe¨vwa I A¯vfvweK Ae ’v ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq| Gme cix¶vi g‡a¨ †iwWIMÖvwd I †iKUvj cix¶v me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †iwWIMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ kix‡ii Af¨šÍ‡ii wewfbœ As‡ki Qwe MÖnY I Zv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwa wbY©q Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, †iKUvj cix¶vi Øviv †cŠwóK, Rbb I g~ÎZ‡š¿i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwa cvj‡ck‡bi gva¨‡g mivmwi cix¶v Kiv nq| GQvov f¨vRvBbvj †¯úKzjvg, Ad‡_j‡gv‡¯‹vc Ges Bqvi †¯úKzjvg e¨envi K‡i h_vµ‡g †hvwb, †PvL I Kv‡bi †ivMve ’v cÖZ¨¶ Kiv nq| cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.2 1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý (�) w`b| K. †Kvb& iwk¥ e¨envi K‡i †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i Qwe MÖnY Kiv nq? i) Mvgv iwk¥ ii) Avëªvfv‡qv‡jU iwk¥ iii) iÄb iwk¥ iv) †jmvi iwk¥ L. †Kvb&wU e„‡°i †ivM? i) nvB‡Wªv‡mdvjvm ii) mvwf©mvBwUm iii) †gUªvBwUm iv) nvB‡Wªv‡b‡d«vwmm 2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb| K. †iwWIMÖvwdi mvnv‡h¨ cvK ’jx‡Z avZe c`v‡_©i Dcw ’wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| L. RjvZ¼ †iv‡M gyLMnŸi cix¶v Kiv DwPZ bq|

�



cvV 1.3 cix¶vMv‡i wewfbœ bgybv cix¶v

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

� M„ncvwjZ cïi cvqLvbv msMÖn Kiv I G msµvšÍ wewfbœ cix¶v m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

� cïi cÖmªve msMÖn I G msµvšÍ wewfbœ cix¶v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � cïi kixi †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kivi †KŠkj Ges i‡³i wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

cix¶v c×wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cvqLvbv cix¶v (Examination of Stool/Faeces)

cvqLvbvi bgybv msMÖn (Collection of Faecal Sample) cïi gjbvwj‡Z mivmwi Av½yj XzwK‡q cvqLvbvi bgybv msMÖn Kiv hvq| cïi wVK wcQ‡b `vuwo‡q Wvb nvZ w`‡q †jR DuPz K‡i ai‡Z n‡e Ges evg nvZ A_ev nv‡Zi Av½yj gjbvwj‡Z cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q cvqLvbv msMÖn Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKRb mnKvix Øviv A_ev K¨vUj k~U (Cattle Chute) e¨envi K‡i cï wbqš¿Y Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avevi m`¨ Z¨vM Kiv cvqLvbvi Dci †_‡K bgybv msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| msM„nxZ bgybv AbwZwej‡¤^ cix¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|

gqjvhy³ cvqLvbv cix¶v Kiv AbywPZ| KviY, Giƒc bgybv †_‡K mwVK Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv| msM„nxZ bgybv ¶z`ª Kvu‡Pi cvÎ, cwjw_b KvMR A_ev KPzi cvZvq fv‡jvfv‡e Rwo‡q cix¶v ’‡j wb‡Z n‡e| Le‡ii KvMR, wUmy¨ †ccvi A_ev cvwb †kvlY K‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv wRwbm G Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| ’~j cix¶v (Gross Examination)

G cix¶v Øviv cvqLvbvi cwigvY, eY©, MÜ I MVb wbix¶v Kiv nq| †hgb− cwigvY (Quantity) t †Kv‡bv cïi Z¨vMK…Z cvqLvbvi cwigvY ¯vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q †ewk bv Kg Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq| eY© (Colour) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi cvqLvbvi eY© wewfbœ, †hgb− Miægwn‡li cvqLvbvi ¯vfvweK iO Mvp meyR| cvqLvbvi G ¯vfvweK eY© wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb− gjbvwj‡Z ¶Z _vK‡j cvqLvbvi mv‡_ ZvRv i³

wgwkªZ _v‡K| ¶z`ªv‡šÍ ¶‡Zi Kvi‡Y i³cvZ n‡j cvqLvbvi eY© Kv‡jv nq| MÜ (Odour) t wewfbœ cïi cvqLvbvi MÜ wewfbœ| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y cvqLvbvi ¯vfvweK M‡Üi cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i| evQy‡i Kvd ¯‹vIqvi (Calf

Scours) n‡j cvqLvbv AZ¨šÍ `yM©Ühy³ nq|

cïi gjbvwj‡Z mivmwi Av½yj XzwK‡q cvqLvbvi bgybv msMÖn Kiv hvq|

wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi g‡ji eY© wewfbœ| †hgb− Miægwn‡li g‡ji ¯^vfvweK iO Mvp meyR|



MVb (Consistency) t cïi cvqLvbvi MVb mvaviYZ Aa©k³| wewfbœ †ivM, †hgb− K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv, Agvkq BZ¨vw` n‡j cvqLvbv cvZjv nq| cvZjv cvqLvbv A‡šÍi AwZmPjZv (Hypermotility) Ges †KvôKvwVb¨, A‡šÍi wbðjZv (Non-motility) wb‡`©k K‡i| AYyex¶wYK cix¶v (Microscopic Examination) G cix¶vi mvnv‡h¨ cvqLvbvi mv‡_ wbM©Z K…wgi wW‡gi Dcw ’wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq| wewfbœ cÖKvi K…wgi wW‡gi êwkó¨ wewfbœ| AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ K…wgi wW‡gi êwkó¨ ch©‡e¶Y K‡i AvµgYKvix K…wg kYv³ Kiv hvq| K…wgi cÖRvwZ kYv³ Kiv †M‡j wbw`©ó Kvh©Kix K…wgbvkK cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| cix¶v c×wZ (Examination Method) gj cix¶vi cÖavb cÖavb c×wZ¸‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| h_v− K. cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ (Direct Method) L. NbZ¡ c×wZ (Concentration Method) M. w_Zv‡bv c×wZ (Sedimentation Method) N. g¨vKgv÷vi c×wZ (McMaster Method)

Gme c×wZi g‡a¨ gvV ch©v‡q cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ me©vwaK cÖPwjZ weavq ïay G c×wZwUB ms‡¶‡c GLv‡b Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ‡Z gj cix¶v cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY 1. g‡ji bgybv| 2. Kvu‡Pi úvBW| 3. Kfvi wúc| 4. mvgvb¨ cvwb| 5. GKwU miæ KvwV (12.5-15.0 †m.wg. j¤^v)|

6. AYyex¶Y hš¿ | Kv‡Ri aviv ♦ GKwU ¯”Q Kvu‡Pi úvB‡Wi gvSLv‡b K‡qK MÖvg gj ivLyb| ♦ g‡ji Dci K‡qK †dvUv cvwb w`b I KvwV Øviv fv‡jvfv‡e wgkvb| ♦ cvwbwgwkªZ g‡j †Kv‡bv fvmgvb Avuk _vK‡j KvwVi mvnv‡h¨ mveav‡b

mwi‡q †djyb|

gvV ch©v‡q gj cix¶vi cÖZ¨¶ c×wZ me©vwaK cÖPwjZ|

AYyex¶Y h‡š¿ wW‡gi êwkó¨ †`‡L AvµgYKvix K…wg kYv³ Kiv hvq|



♦ úvB‡Wi Dc‡ii Zij gj GKwU Kfvi wúc w`‡q †X‡K w`b| G‡Z gj úvB‡Wi Dci mgvbfv‡e we Í…Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Kfvi wúc I úvB‡Wi gv‡S †Kv‡bv ey`ey` bv _v‡K|

wPÎ 14 t Møvm øvB‡W KvwVi mvnv‡h¨ g‡ji †¯§qvi ˆZwi Kiv n‡”Q ♦ G ch©v‡q úvBWwU AYyex¶Y h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ cix¶v Kiæb|

wPÎ 15 t AYyex¶Y h‡š i mvnv‡h¨ g‡ji †¯§qvi cix¶v Kiv n‡”Q

cÖmªve cix¶v (Examination of Urine) †ivM wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î cÖmªve

cix¶v ¸i€Z¡c Y©|



†ivM wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î cÖmªve cix¶v ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †`nvf¨šÍ‡i Aew ’Z e„‡° (Kidney) cÖmªve ˆZwi nq Ges BD‡iUv‡ii (Ureter) gva¨‡g Zv g~Îvk‡q Rgv nq| g~Î_wj m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡j cÖmªv‡ei †eM Abyf‚Z nq Ges g~Îbvwj (Urethra) w`‡q Zv †ewi‡q Av‡m| g~‡Îi bgybv msMÖn (Collection of Urine Sample) cï cÖmªveiZ Ae ’vq cwi®‹vi I ¯”Q †evZ‡j g~Î msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| †evZ‡j †hb †Kv‡bv Ilya ev ivmvqwbK c`v_© bv _v‡K †mw`‡K we‡kl j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| cïi cyiælv½ Ges Íx Rbb A½ g„`y g`©b Ki‡j mvaviYZ g~Î wbM©Z nq| ZvQvov ivevi K¨v‡_Uv‡ii (Catheter) mvnv‡h¨ g~Îvkq †_‡K mivmwi bgybv msMÖn Kiv hvq| GQvov wmwiÄ I my‡Pi (Syringe and Needle) mvnv‡h¨ ùxZ g~Îvkq †_‡K cÖmªve msMÖn Kiv hvq| Gme c×wZ‡Z msM„nxZ cÖmªv‡ei ¸Yv¸Y cwieZ©b nIqvi m¤¢vebv LyeB Kg _v‡K| GKBmv‡_ GKvwaK cïi cÖmªve msMÖn Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †evZ‡ji Mv‡q mwVK wPý w`‡Z n‡e| cwigvY (Quantity) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi, GgbKx GKB cÖRvwZi wewfbœ eqm I AvKv‡ii cï‡Z, g~‡Îi cwigv‡Yi ZviZg¨ N‡U| mvaviYZ my ’ cï‡Z cvwb MÖn‡Yi Ici g~‡Îi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i| Avevi wewfbœ †ivM, †hgb− Wvq‡ewUm n‡j cÖmªv‡ei cwigvY †e‡o hvq| Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ (Specific Gravity) t cÖmªv‡ei Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ Gi Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| mvaviYZ cÖmªv‡ei cwigvY Kg n‡j NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq Ges cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j NbZ¡ K‡g hvq| D`vniY¯iƒc, µwbK wWwdDR †bd«vBwUm (Chronic Diffuse Nephritis) n‡j Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ K‡g hvq Ges Wvqv‡ewUm n‡j †e‡o hvq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi cÖmªv‡ei Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ 1.010−1.060 Gi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K| eY© (Colour) t BD‡iv‡µvg (Urochrome) bvgK GK cÖKvi njy` c`v‡_©i Dcw ’wZ cÖmªv‡ei eY© wba©viY K‡i| cÖmªv‡ei ¯vfvweK iO nvjKv A_ev Mvp njy`| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y G ¯vfvweK e‡Y©i ZviZg¨ N‡U| †hgb− RwÛm (Jaundice) n‡j cÖmªv‡ei eY© njy` nq| Avevi cvB‡ivcøvR‡gvwmm (Piroplasmosis) n‡j cÖmªve Kwd e‡Y©i nq| AwZwi³ cvwb cvb Ki‡j NbZ¡ K‡g hvq Ges cÖmve A‡bKUv eY©nxb n‡q c‡o| Avevi `xN©¶Y cvwb cvb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡j cÖmªv‡ei NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq Ges AwZwi³ njy` nq| ¯”QZv (Transperancy) t ¯vfvweK cÖmªve mvaviYZ ¯”Q nq| Z‡e, wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y G ¯”QZv e¨nZ n‡Z cv‡i| cÖmªv‡e †kø®§v (Mucus), ùwUK `ªe¨

cÖmªv‡ei Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ Nb‡Z¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|

BD‡iv‡µv‡gi Dcw¯’wZ cÖmªv‡ei eY© wba©viY K‡i| cÖmªv‡ei ¯^vfvweK iO nvjKv ev Mvp njy`|

cï cÖmªveiZ Ae¯’vq cwi®‹vi I ¯^”Q †evZ‡j g~Î msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|



(Crystal), cyuR, i³KwYKv, RxevYy BZ¨vw` Dcw ’Z _vK‡j cÖmªve A¯”Q n‡q c‡o| †Nvovi m`¨ Z¨vMK…Z cÖmªve †Nvjv‡U| ivmvqwbK cix¶v (Chemical Examination) wewµqv (PH) t wewµqv ev PH

ej‡Z †Kv‡bv c`v‡_©i AZœZv (Acidity) ev ¶viZv (Alkalinity) eySvq| Z…Y‡fvRx cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov cÖf…wZ cÖvYxi cÖmªve ¶vihy³ A_ev g„`y AvZwèK| c¶všÍ‡i, gvsmvwk cÖvYx, †hgb− KzKzi, weovj cÖf…wZi cÖmªve AvwèK| wewfbœ †iv‡M wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi cÖmªv‡ei AZœZv I ¶viZvi gvÎvi ZviZg¨ N‡U| gvV ch©v‡q wjUgvm †ccvi (Litmus

Paper) e¨envi K‡i AwZ mn‡RB G cix¶v Kiv hvq| jvj wjUgvm cÖmªv‡ei ms¯ú‡k© G‡m hw` bxj nq Ges bxj wjUgvm jvj nq Zvn‡j cÖmªv‡ei wewµqv h_vµ‡g ¶vihy³ I AvwèK eySvq| i‡Oi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv n‡j Zv wbw®Œq wb‡`©k K‡i| `xN©¶Y Lv`¨ MÖnY bv Ki‡j cÖmªv‡ei AèZv e„w× cvq| ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i Dcw ’wZi cix¶v t cÖmªv‡ei gva¨‡g kix‡ii wewfbœ DcKvix I AcKvix c`v_© †ewi‡q hvq| DcKvix c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ †cÖvwUb, Møy‡KvR, K¨vjwmqvg, dmdivm BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avevi ¶wZKviK c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q BDwiqv, BDwiK A¨vwmW, wµ‡qwUwbb, wewjiæweb BZ¨vw`| cÖmªv‡e Gme c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZi

gvÎv wbiƒcb Kiv hvq| wKš‘ GZ`msµvšÍ c×wZmg n A‡c¶vK…Z RwUj Ges G Í‡i Av‡jvPbv Z‡ZvUv cÖ‡qvRbxq bq weavq Zv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv bv| i³ cix¶v (Examination of Blood) cÖmªve Ges cvqLvbv cix¶vi gva¨‡g †hgb wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Dcw ’wZ wbY©q Kiv hvq †Zgwb i³ cix¶vi ga¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨vw` †ivM wbiƒc‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| i‡³i bgybv msMÖn (Collection of Blood Sample) cïi kix‡ii AwaKZi fvmgvb wkiv †_‡K wmwiÄ I wbWj Øviv i‡³i bgybv msMÖn Kiv nq| Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov, †Nvov cÖf…wZ cï‡Z Nv‡oi Dfq cv‡k Aew ’Z Ry¸jvi wkiv (Jugular Vein) †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kiv nq| msM„nxZ i‡³i bgybv RgvU †ivaKvix c`v_©hy³ I RxevYygy³ wkwk‡Z (Vial) ivLv nq| msMÖ‡ni 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cix¶v Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j i‡³i bgybv

cïi kix‡ii AwaKZi fvmgvb wkiv †_‡K wmwiÄ I wbWj Øviv i‡³i bgybv msMÖn Kiv nq|

Z…Y‡fvRx cÖvYxi cÖmªve ¶vihy³ A_ev g„ y AvwèK| c¶všÍ‡i, gvsmvwk cÖvYxi cÖmªve AvwèK|

cÖmªv‡ei gva¨‡g kix‡ii wewfbœ DcKvix I AcKvix c`v_© †ewi‡q hvq|



wPÎ 16 t cï †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kiv n‡”Q †iwd«Rv‡iU‡i (Refrigerator) ivL‡Z n‡e| †ncvwib, †mvwWqvg I cUvwkqvg A·v‡jU, †mvwWqvg mvB‡UªU, B.wW.wU.G. (EDTA) cÖf…wZ ivmvqwbK c`v_© i³ RgvUeuvav †iva Kivi

Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| GLv‡b i‡³i wewfbœ iæwUb cix¶vmg ‡ni bvg Ges wewfbœ †iv‡Mi mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv (Total Erythrocytes Count) wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi †gvU †jvwnZKwYKvi msL¨v cÖwZ Nb wgwjwgUvi i‡³ 5.95−13.90 wgwjqb| †gvU †jvwnZ KwYKv MYbvi me©wb¤œ gvb (5.95 wgwjqb) Miæ‡Z Ges m‡e©v”P gvb (13.90 wgwjqb) QvM‡j cvIqv hvq (mviwY 1 †`Lyb)| wewfbœ †iv‡M kix‡i G i³ †Kv‡li msL¨vi n«vme„w× N‡U| †jvwnZKwYKvi msL¨v

¯vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q K‡g †M‡j i³k b¨Zv (Anaemia) †`Lv †`q| kix‡i †jŠnRvZxq Dcv`v‡bi Afve, `xN© ’vqx i³cvZ, †`nvf¨šÍ‡i i³KwYKv aŸsm, nv‡oi kvm (Bone Marrow), hK…Z (Spleen) aŸsmcÖvß n‡j †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv K‡g hvq| GQvov i³ †kvlYKvix ciRxex, †hgb− eowk wµwg (Hookworm); i³KwYKv aŸsmKvix ciRxex, †hgb− cvB‡ivcøvRgvi (Piroplasma) AvµgY n‡j †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv K‡g hvq| †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv (Total Leukocytes Count) wewfbœ cïi †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv cÖwZ Nb wgwjwgUv‡i 4.10−9.14 nvRvi (mviwY 2 †`Lyb)| G i³ †Kv‡li MYbvi n«vm-e„w× wewfbœ cÖKvi †ivM wb‡`©k K‡i| mvaviYZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv m„ó †iv‡M †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi gvb e„w× cvq| GQvov i‡³i K¨vbmvi n‡j †k¦ZKwYKvi msL¨v e„w× cvq| c¶všÍ‡i, fvBivm Øviv m„ó †iv‡M G MYbvi gvb n«vm cvq|

†gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbvi me©wbæ gvb Miæ‡Z Ges m‡e©v”P gvb QvM‡j cvIqv hvq| wewfbœ †iv‡M kix‡i G i³ †Kv‡li msL¨vi n«vm-e„w× N‡U|

†gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi n«vm-e„w× wewfbœ cÖKvi †ivM wb‡ ©k K‡i|



wPÎ 17 t AYyex¶Y h‡šÍi mvnv‡h¨ †jvwnZ I †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv

†k¦ZKwYKvi cÖ‡f`g jK MYbv (Differential Count of Leukocytes) †k¦ZKwYKvi g‡a¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi †Kvl i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi bvg wbD‡Uªvwdj (Neutrophil), wj‡çvmvBU (Lymphocyte), BDwm‡bvwdj (Eosinophil), †e‡mvwdj (Basophil), I g‡bvmvBU (Monocyte)| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Gme i³KwYKvi MYbvi AvbygvwbK gv‡bi n«vm-e„w× cvq| cyuRm„wóKvix (Pyogenic) e¨vK‡Uwiqv Øviv msµwgZ †iv‡M mvaviYZ i‡³ wbD‡Uªvwd‡ji msL¨v e„w× cvq| Avevi fvBivmRwbZ †iv‡M i‡³ G †Kv‡li msL¨v n«vm cvq| fvBivm msµwgZ †iv‡M i‡³ wj‡çvmvB‡Ui msL¨vI n«vm cvq| kix‡i A¨vjvwR© †`Lv w`‡j A_ev ciRxexi AvµgY n‡j i‡³ BDwm‡bvwd‡ji msL¨v †e‡o hvq| h¶v Ges

eª€‡m‡jvwmm †iv‡M i‡³ g‡bvmvB‡Ui msL¨v †e‡o hvq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi

†k¦ZKwYKvi cÖ‡f`g jK MYbvi ¯vfvweK gvb mviwY 3 G †`qv n‡q‡Q| mviwY 1 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbvi ¯vfvweK gvb

cïi cÖRvwZ †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbvi gvb (wgwjqb/wKDweK wgwjwgUvi)

†Nvov 6.90 Miæ 5.95

†k¦ZKwYKvi g‡a¨ wbD‡Uªvwdj, wj‡çvmvBU, BDwm‡bvwdj, †e‡mvwdj I g‡bvmvBU bvgK †Kvl i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Gme i³KwYKvi MYbvi AvbygvwbK gv‡bi n«vm-e„w× N‡U|



gwnl 6.80 QvMj 13.90 †fov 8.60 ïKi 7.40 KzKzi 6.20 weovj 7.20

mviwY 2 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi ¯vfvweK gvb

cïi cÖRvwZ †gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbvi gvb (nvRvi/wKDweK wgwjwgUvi)

†Nvov 5.11 Miæ 7.03 gwnl 6.70 QvMj 5.14 †fov 4.10 ïKi 7.30 KzKzi 8.18 weovj 9.14

mviwY 3 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi wewfbœ cÖKvi †k¦ZKwYKvi ¯vfvweK cÖ‡f`g jK MYbv

cïi cÖRvwZ

wbD‡Uªvwdj (%)

BDwm‡bvwdj (%)

†e‡mvwdj (%)

wj‡çvmvBU (%)

g‡bvmvBU (%)

†Nvov 62.00 4.00 2.00 20.00 8.00 Miæ 29.10 9.87 0−0.10 51.40 8.32

gwnl 28.70 2.90 0 60.60 7.80 QvMj 40.00 2.50 1.60 48.00 2.00 †fov 41.00 5.70 0.03 50.00 3.00 ïKi 39.00 4.50 1.20 52.00 3.30 KzKzi 62.80 2.0−1.4

0 0.2−0.0 10.0−28

.0 3.0−9.0



cïi cÖRvwZ

wbD‡Uªvwdj (%)

BDwm‡bvwdj (%)

†e‡mvwdj (%)

wj‡çvmvBU (%)

g‡bvmvBU (%)

weovj 44.82 2.0−11.0 0−0.05 15.0−44.0

0.05−0.7

Drm (mviwY 1, 2 I 3) t Chakrabarti, A. 1994. Textbook of Clinical Veterinary Medicine (2nd Ed.)|

Abykxjb (Activity) t cvqLvbv, cÖmªve I i³ cix¶vi g‡a¨ Avcbvi „wó‡Z Kx Kx cv_©K¨ Av‡Q|

mvigg© t Mevw`cïi wewfbœ †ivM PzovšÍ fv‡e wbY©‡qi Rb¨ M‡elYvMv‡i wewfbœ bgybv cix¶v Kiv nq| Gme bgybvi g‡a¨ gj, cÖmªve I i³ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| g‡ji wewfbœ cix¶vi g‡a¨ eY©, MÜ, MVb I K…wgi Dcw ’wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq| cÖmªv‡ei †¶‡Î Gi cwigvY, Av‡cw¶K ¸iæZ¡ eY©, ¯”QZv, AèZv, ¶viZv cÖf…wZ cix¶v Kiv nq| i‡³i wewfbœ cix¶vi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †gvU †jvwnZKwYKv MYbv,

†gvU †k¦ZKwYKv MYbv, †k¦ZKwYKvi cÖ‡f`g jK MYbv BZ¨vw`| Gme cix¶vi

gva¨‡g msM„nxZ Z_¨vejx we‡kølY K‡i PzovšÍ fv‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq|



cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.3 1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý (�) w`b| K. †Kvb&wU gvsmvwk cÖvYx? i) KzKzi ii) nvwZ iii) Miæ iv) wRivd L. cv‡qv‡RwbK e¨vK‡Uwiqv msµwgZ †iv‡M i‡³i †Kvb& †Kv‡li

msL¨v e„w× cvq? i) wbD‡Uªvwdj ii) wj‡çvmvBU iii) BDwm‡bvwdj iv) †e‡mvwdj 2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb| K. AwZwi³ cvwb cvb Ki‡j cÖmªv‡ei NbZ¡ †e‡o hvq| L. Miæi Ry¸jvi agwb †_‡K i³ msMÖn Kiv nq| 3| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Kiæb| K. gqjvhy³ ________ cix¶v Kiv DwPZ bq| L. ________ †iv‡M cÖmªv‡ei iO njy` nq| 4| GK K_v ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b| K. ’~j cix¶vq g‡ji Kx Kx ˆewkó¨ cix¶v Kiv nq? L. cÖmªve kix‡ii †Kv_vq ˆZwi nq?

�



e¨envwiK

cvV 1.4 GKwU my ’ cï †`‡L evwn¨K j¶Y¸‡jv Rvbv I LvZvq †jLv

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � evwn¨K j¶Y †`‡L my ’ I Amy ’ cï kYv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖvmw½K Z_¨ my ’ cïi evwn¨K j¶Y Rvb‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g Amy ’ cïi j¶Ymg~n m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv _vKv Acwinvh©| †m Kvi‡YB GLv‡b my ’ I Amy ’ cïi evwn¨K j¶Ymg~n hyMcrfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v− gv‡Rj (Muzzle) t Dc‡ii †Vuv‡Ui †jvgwenxb Ask‡K gv‡Rj e‡j| GKwU my ’ cïi gv‡Rj me©`v Ng©v³ _v‡K| we›`y we›`y Nv‡g wm³ G Ask mn‡RB `„wó‡MvPi nq| Amy ’ cïi gv‡Rj mvaviYZ ï®‹ _v‡K| jvjv (Saliva) t †Kv‡bv my ’ cïi gyL †_‡K mvaviYZ jvjv c‡o bv| gyL †_‡K AwZwi³ jvjv wbM©Z n‡j Zv †ivMve ’v wb‡`©k K‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc, gyLMnŸ‡i †Kv‡bv ¶Z n‡j (†hgb− ¶ziv‡ivM) gyL †_‡K AwZwi³ jvjv c‡o| Avevi RjvZ¼ †iv‡M ¶Zve ’v QvovI jvjv c‡o| Lv`¨ MÖnY (Feeding) t my ’ cï‡Z ¯vfvweKfv‡e ¶zav I Amy ’ cï‡Z ¶zavg›`v †`Lv †`q| Mjwej ev d¨vwis‡mi AekZvi Kvi‡Y cï Lv`¨ MjatKiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Lvevi bvKgyL w`‡q †ei n‡q Av‡m| RveiKvUv (Rumination) t †ivgš’K cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, †fov cÖf…wZ RveiKv‡U| Z…Y‡fvRx Gme cÖvYx Lv`¨ h_vh_fv‡e bv wPwe‡q MjatKiY K‡i| c‡i wekªvgKv‡j we‡kl cÖwµqvq Gme Lv`¨ cvK ’jx †_‡K Abœbvwji gva¨‡g gyLMnŸ‡i Av‡m| jvjv mswgkªY I Pwe©ZPe©‡bi ci G Lv`¨ cybivq Abœbvwj n‡q cvK ’jx‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| G cÖwµqv‡K RvieKvUv ev †ivgš’b e‡j| †ivgš’b my ’Zvi j¶Y| †Kv‡bv Amy ’ cï mvaviYZ †ivgš’b K‡i bv| bvwmKviÜ« (Nostrils) t my ’ cïi bvwmKviÜ« cwi®‹vi _v‡K| bvK †_‡K †Kv‡bv †kø®§vRvZxq Zij c`v_© †ei n‡j Zv mvaviYZ k¦vmZ‡š¿i msµgY Bw½Z K‡i| k¦vmcÖk¦vm (Respiration) t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi wbw`©ó k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi i‡q‡Q| my ’ cï‡Z G nvi ¯vfvweK _v‡K| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi A¯vfvweKZv ZvB Amy ’Zvi j¶Y| G j¶Y evwn¨Kfv‡e mn‡RB ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq|

my¯’ cïi evwn¨K j¶Y Rvb‡Z n‡j Amy¯’ cïi j¶Ymg~n Rvbv Acwinvh©|

†Kv‡bv my¯’ cïi gyL †_‡K mvaviYZ jvjv c‡o bv|

†ivgš’K cï, †hgb− Mi€, gwnl,

QvMj, †fov cÖf…wZ RveiKv‡U|

RvieKvUv ev †ivgš’b myˉ’Zvi



†PvL I Kvb (Eye and Ear) t my ’ cïi †PvL cwi®‹vi _v‡K| †Pv‡L AvNvZ jvM‡j, Wvig‡qW wm÷ (Dermoid Cyst) n‡j †PvL †_‡K cvwb c‡o| RxevYy msµgY n‡j †Pv‡L gqjv Rg‡Z cv‡i Ges †PvL jvj n‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov RwÛm (Jaundice) n‡j †PvL njy` eY© aviY K‡i| my ’ cïi Kvb me©`v mRvM _v‡K Ges †Kv‡bv kã n‡j Kvb Lvov K‡i I mZK© cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| cï Amy ’ n‡j Giƒc cÖwZwµqv wejyß nq|

†jR (Tail) t my ’ cïi †jR me©`v e¨ Í _v‡K| †Kv‡bv gkvgwQ ev KxUcZ½ Mv‡q em‡j †j‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Zvwo‡q †`q| Amy ’ cï‡Z †jR wbðj _v‡K Ges gkvgvwQ giv kix‡i ¯v”Q‡›`¨ wePiY K‡i| GQvov Miægwn‡li †j‡R cPbkxj Nv (Gangrene) _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avevi my ’ cïi †jR cwi®‹vi _v‡K| Avgv‡ì †`‡k Miægwn‡l cÖvqk Wvqwiqv ev cvZjv cvqLvbv nq| Gme †¶‡Î cïi

†jR Ges Z`msjMœ ’vbmg ‡n cvqLvbv †j‡M _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq| Rivqy‡Z cyuR (Pyometra) n‡j †j‡Ri Dcwifv‡M cyuR Rwo‡q _vK‡e| KLbI KLbI i³wgwkªZ †kø®§v †j‡Ri mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gme Amy ’Zvi j¶Y| ewniveiY (Body Coat) t my ’ cïi ewniveiY †Kvgj, gm„Y I PvKwPK¨c~Y© nq| Acywó, Pg©‡ivM cÖf…wZi Kvi‡Y ewnivei‡Yi G êwkó¨ Le© nq Ges LmL‡m I iæ¶iƒc aviY K‡i| KLbI KLbI kix‡ii Askwe‡kl †jvgnxb n‡q c‡o| GQvov †LvmcvuPov, †dvuov, wewfbœ cÖKvi NvZ, Kuxovcov (Myiasis), wUDgvi, wm÷ (Cyst), AvuwPj (Papillomatosis), †RvqvjKv›`v, Kzu‡R Nv cÖf…wZ †ivM kix‡ii evwn¨K AveiY cix¶v K‡i mn‡RB wPwýZ Kiv hvq| my ’ cïi †jvg kvwqZ Ae ’vq _v‡K| c¶všÍ‡i, AwZwi³ kxZ I R¡‡i cïi †jvg Lvov _v‡K| bvwf (Navel) t evQy‡ii bvwf‡Z cÖvqB †dvuov (Navel Abscess) I nvwb©qv (Umbilical Hernia) †`Lv hvq| k¼i Rv‡Zi evQy‡i G y‡Uv †iv‡Mi cÖv yf©ve †ewk| Gme †iv‡M bvwfmsjMœ GjvKv ùxZ nq Ges mn‡RB `„wó‡MvPi nq| evû (Limb) t cïi 4wU evû AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Gi †Kv‡bvwU‡Z µwU n‡j cï Zvi Kg©¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| ¶ziv‡ivM (Foot and Mouth Disease), cv cPv (Foot Rot), c`cÖ`vn (Laminitis), wSwÄ ev Uvk †ivM (Upward Patellar Fixatioin), mwÜP‚¨wZ (Dislocation of Joint), mwÜcÖ`vn (Arthritis), evûi AekZv (Limb Paralysis), nvofv½v (Fracture) cÖf…wZ †iv‡M cï †Lvuov n‡q hvq| my ’ cïi evû¸‡jv µwUgy³ _vK‡e| ¯v ’¨MZ Ae ’v (Health status) t cywónxbZv Avgv‡ì Mevw`cïi GKwU cÖavb

êwkó¨| cywónxb cïi †ivMcÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Kg _vKvq Giv mn‡RB †ivMvµvšÍ

Pg©‡iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ewnivei‡Yi êwkó¨ Le© nq Ges LmL‡m I iæ¶iƒc aviY K‡i|

Mevw`cï‡K ¯^v¯’¨MZfv‡e 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v− AwZ ¯^v¯’ëvb, ¯^v¯’ëvb, ¯^v¯’¨nxb I AwZ ¯^v¯’¨nxb|

my¯’ cïi †jR me©`v e¨¯Í _v‡K| gkvgwQ ev KxUcZ½ Mv‡q em‡j †j‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ Zvr¶wYKfv‡e Zvwo‡q †`q|



nq| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Mevw`cï‡K ¯v ’¨MZfv‡e 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- AwZ ¯v ’ëvb, ¯v ’ëvb, ¯v ’¨nxb I AwZ ¯v ’¨nxb| G‡ì g‡a¨ AwZ ¯v ’¨nxb cï‡K Amy ’ wn‡m‡e a‡i †bqv hvq| G ai‡bi cïi êwkó¨/j¶Y GLv‡b †`qv n‡q‡Q | †hgb− G‡ì− ♦ e¶‡`‡ki mKj nvo (Ribs) ¯úó †`Lv hv‡e| ♦ jv¤^vi UªvÝfvm© cÖ‡mm (Lumbar Transverse Process) ¯úó †`Lv

hv‡e| ♦ c¨vivjv¤vi †dvmv (Paralumbar Fossa) Mfxi n‡e| ♦ †j‡Ri †Mvov msKxY© _vK‡e|

♦ MywUqvj †cwk AeZj (Concave) _vK‡e| ♦ wUDevi Kw· (Tuber Coxae) I wUDevi Bwð (Tuber Ischi)

aviv‡jvfv‡e †f‡m DV‡e| cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY 1. GKwU my ’ I GKwU Amy ’ cï| 2. eënvwiK LvZv, †cwÝj, Kjg, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`| Kv‡Ri aviv ♦ cÖ_‡g cï `y‡Uv‡K GKUz `~‡i `~‡i `y‡Uv LuywU‡Z euvayb| ♦ Gevi cÖ_‡g `~i †_‡K G‡ì nvefve j¶¨ Kiæb|

wPÎ 18 t GKwU my ’ cï



wPÎ 19 t GKwU Amy ’ cï ♦ Gici cï y‡Uvi Kv‡Q hvb I G‡ì wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨½ fv‡jvfv‡e

ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb| ♦ †Kvm©eB‡q D‡jøwLZ j¶‡Yi m‡½ Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y wgwj‡q wbb| ♦ Gevi ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Avcbvi gšÍe¨ A_©vr †Kvb&wU my ’ I †Kvb&wU Amy ’

cï Zv wbY©q Kiæb| ♦ cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU avivevwnKfv‡e eënvwiK LvZvq wjLyb I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨

Zv wUDUi‡K †`Lvb Ges mB wbb| mveavbZv ♦ cï‡ì Lye k³ K‡i euva‡eb bv| ♦ j¶¨ ivL‡eb †hb Giv fq ev AvNvZ bv cvq| ♦ G‡ì‡K Lye †ewk wei³ Ki‡eb bv| eënvwiK

cvV 1.5 wbR nv‡Z cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � wbR nv‡Z wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖvmw½K Z_¨

kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv

cï Dòi³evnx nIqvq †h †Kv‡bv cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’vi g‡aÏ kix‡ii ZvcgvÎvi †Zgb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|



cï Dòi³evnx (Homeothermic) nIqvq †h †Kv‡bv cÖwZK‚j Ae ’vi g‡a¨I

kix‡ii ZvcgvÎvi †Zgb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| cï msµvgK †iv‡M AvµvšÍ

n‡jB mvaviYZ kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq| kix‡ii evwn¨K ZvcgvÎv Af¨š ixY ZvcgvÎv A‡c¶v A‡bK Kg| ZvB cïi †`nvf¨šÍi †_‡K cÖK…Z ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv nq| ZvcgvÎv wbY©‡qi cwi‡ek

♦ Qvqv‡Z wekªvgiZ Ae ’vq kvšÍ cwi‡e‡k ZvcgvÎv †bqv DwPZ| ♦ cÖLi †iŠ`ª A_ev e„wói g‡a¨ _vKv Ae ’vq ZvcgvÎv †bqv DwPZ bq|

♦ `xN©c_ nuvUv ev †`Šov‡bvi ci K¬všÍ Ae ’vq ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv mwVK bq|

♦ cï D‡ËwRZ Ae ’vq _vK‡j ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎv wbiƒcb Kiv hvq bv| ZvcgvÎvi cÖfveK ♦ ¶z`ªvKvi cïi kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„nv`vKvi cïi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K| ♦ Mf©eZx I Aíeq¯‹ cïi ZvcgvÎv Mf©nxb I AwaK eq¯‹ cï A‡c¶v

†ewk _v‡K| ♦ †`‡ni ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mKvj A‡c¶v we‡K‡j †ewk _v‡K| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi kix‡ii ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mviwY 4 G †`qv n‡q‡Q| mviwY 4 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi kix‡ii ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎv cïi cÖRvwZ ZvcgvÎvi cvjv

°†m. (°dv.)

ZvcgvÎvi Mo

°†m. (°dv.)

†Nvov 37.2−38.1 (99.0−100.6) 37.6 (99.7) Miæ 38.0−39.3 (100.4−102.8) 38.6 (101.5) †fov 38.3−39.9 (100.9−103.8) 39.1 (102.3) QvMj 38.5−39.7 (101.3−103.5) 39.1 (102.3) KzKzi 37.9−39.9 (100.2−103.8) 38.9 (102.0) weovj 38.1−39.2 (100.5−102.5) 38.6(101.5) DU 34.2−40.7 (93.6−105.3) 37.5 (99.5) Mvav 36.4−38.4 (97.5−101.1) 37.4 (99.3) ïKi 38.7−39.8 (101.6−103.6) 39.2 (102.5)

†`‡ni ¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎv mKvj A‡c¶v we‡K‡j †ewk _v‡K|



Drm t Swenson, M. J. (1977). Dukes' Physiology of Domestic

Animals (9th Ed.), Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaka-

London, p. 687. cïi †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv wbY©q

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY

1. †h †Kv‡bv cÖRvwZi GKwU cï (g‡b Ki€b Miæ)| 2. hš¿cvwZ−

K. wK¬wbK¨vj _v‡g©vwgUvi (Clinical Thermometer)− 1wU| L. K¨vUj k~¨U (Cattle Chute)− 1wU| M. Zy‡jv− cwigvYg‡Zv|

3. ivmvqwbK `ªe¨− K. f¨vmwjb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ˆZjv³ c`v_©− cwigvYg‡Zv| 4. e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

K L M wPÎ 20 (K, L, M) t cïi †`‡n ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv n‡”Q

37° †m.

38.5° †m.

40° †m.



K L M wPÎ 21 (K, L, M) t _v‡gv©wgUv‡i cvi‡ì Íi †`‡L mwVK ZvcgvÎv MYbv

Kv‡Ri aviv ♦ cÖ_‡g MiæwU‡K h_vh_fv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiæb| myweav _vK‡j K¨vUj k~U

eënvi Kiæb| Ab¨_vq GKRb mnKvixi mvnvh¨ wbb| ♦ GKwU wK¬wbK¨vj _v‡gv©wgUvi wbb Ges Gi cvi‡ì Íi SvuKzwbi gva¨‡g

me©wb¤œ ch©v‡q bvwg‡q Avbyb| ♦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii AMÖfvM f¨vmwjb A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ˆZjv³ c`v_© Øviv

wcw”Qj Kiæb| ♦ evg nvZ Øviv cïi †jR GKcv‡k DuPz K‡i aiæb Ges Wvb nvZ Øviv

_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii wcw”Qj cÖvšÍ gjbvwj‡Z hZUv m¤¢e XzwK‡q w`b| ♦ _v‡g©vwgUviwU D³ ’v‡b Zxh©Kfv‡e 1−2 wgwbUKvj w ’i ivLyb (G Ae ’vq

_v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦ gjbvwji †`qv‡ji ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m Ges †`‡ni mwVK ZvcgvÎv aviY K‡i)|

♦ gjbvwj †_‡K _v‡g©vwgUvi †ei Kiæb Ges Zy‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ cwi®‹vi Ki€b| ♦ _v‡g©vwgUv‡i cvi‡ì Íi †`‡L mwVK ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiæb| mveavbZv ♦ gjbvwj k³ g‡j cwic~Y© _vK‡j Wvb nvZ w`‡q cïi †jR a‡i evg nv‡Zi

Av½yj Øviv gjbvwj †_‡K k³ gj mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦ k³ g‡ji g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡j A‡c¶vK…Z Kg ZvcgvÎv wbYx©Z n‡e|

♦ gjbvwj‡Z _v‡g©vwgUvi Aek¨B Zxh©Kfv‡e a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv _v‡g©vwgUv‡ii evj¦ gjbvwji †`qv‡ji ms¯ú‡k© bv Avm‡j A‡c¶vK…Z Kg ZvcgvÎv †iKW© n‡e|

♦ gjbvwj wXjv A_ev wkw_j _vK‡j cïi mwVK ZvcgvÎv wbiƒwcZ n‡e bv| G‡¶‡Î Íx cïi †hvwb‡Z _v‡g©vwgUvi cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q ZvcgvÎv wbY©q Kiv hvq|



eënvwiK

cvV 1.6 wbR nv‡Z cïi bvwoi MwZ I k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiv

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb − � wbR nv‡Z cïi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � wbR nv‡Z cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖvmw½K Z_¨

cïi bvwoi MwZ bvwoi MwZ ev cvjm (Pulse) Kx Zv c~‡e©B D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mwVK †ivM wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Acwinvh©| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cï‡Z bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kivi ’vb I cÖhyw³MZ †KŠkj wfbœ| cïi kix‡ii wbw`©ó agwb †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| msjMœ `y‡Uv Av½yj Øviv agwb‡Z g„`y Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv hvq| Av½y‡ji Pvc †ewk n‡j agwbi i³ cÖevn eÜ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Giƒc †¶‡Î bvwoi ¯ú›`b DcjwÜ Kiv hv‡e bv| Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g mn‡RB G †KŠkj Avq‡Z¡ Avbv hvq|

†QvU cÖRvwZi cï, †hgb− QvMj, †fov, KzKzi, weovj cÖf…wZi bvwoi MwZ eo cÖRvwZi cï, †hgb− Miæ, gwnl, †Nvov cÖf…wZi †P‡q †ewk| GKB cÖRvwZi wewfbœ cïi g‡aÏ G wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| Avevi Aí eq¯‹ cïi bvwoi MwZ AwaK eq¯‹ cï

A‡c¶v †ewk _v‡K| cyi€l cïi bvwoi MwZ Íx cï A‡c¶v Kg _v‡K| Mf©ve ’vq, we‡kl K‡i cÖmec~e© mg‡q, bvwoi MwZ AwaK gvÎvq e„w× cvq|

bvwoi MwZ h_vm¤¢e kvšÍ Ae ’vq MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡ËwRZ Ae ’vq A_ev e¨vqvg Kivi ci bvwoi MwZ e„w× cvq| †m Kvi‡Y nuvUvnuvwU, †`Šov‡bv ev KvR Kivi ci cï‡K AšÍZ AvaN›Uv wekªvg †`qv Avek¨K|

AwZwi³ Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi ci, RveiKvUv Ae ’vq, cwi‡ekMZ AwZ D”P ev wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq, kix‡i Zxeª †e`bv Abyf‚Z n‡j Ges m‡e©vcwi ¯‡ii Kvi‡Y †`‡ni ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j bvwoi MwZ †e‡o hvq| GLv‡b wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi bvwoi MwZ wbY©‡qi ’vb I cÖhyw³MZ †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Mi€gwnl t Gme cï‡Z cÖavbZ †j‡Ri agwb (Coccygeal Artery) †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| GQvov †Pvqv‡ji wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew ’Z G·Uvibvj g¨vMwRjvwi agwb (External Maxillary Artery) †_‡KI bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| Z‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k gvV ch©v‡q bvwoi MwZ cÖavbZ †j‡Ri agwb †_‡KB MÖnY Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î cï‡K cÖ_‡g wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e| c‡i evg nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ †jR wKQyUv DuPz K‡i ai‡Z n‡e Ges Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj Øviv gjØvi †_‡K 7.5-10.0 †m.wg. wb‡P †j‡Ri wb¤œw`‡K g„`yfv‡e Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g ¯ú‡k©B

mwVK †ivM wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Acwinvh©| cïi kix‡ii wbw ©ó agwb †_‡K Zv wbY©q Kiv nq|

cÖavbZ †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| GQvov †Pvqv‡ji wb‡Pi w`‡K Aew¯’Z G·Uvibvj g¨vMwRjvwi agwb †_‡KI bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv hvq|



Av½yj mwVK ’v‡b bvI co‡Z cv‡i| ZLb KvQvKvwQ ’v‡bI µgvš^‡q Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e hZ¶Y bv Av½y‡j agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyf‚Z nq| G Ae ’vq D³ ¯ú›`b GK wgwbU MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GK wgwb‡U G ¯ú›`b hZevi Abyfe Kiv hv‡e †mwUB n‡e H cïi bvwoi MwZ| Miægwn‡li †Pvqv‡ji agwb †_‡KI Dc‡ii c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv hvq| Z‡e, †Pvqv‡ji agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv A‡c¶vK…Z KwVb| we‡kl

K‡i cï kvšÍ cÖK…wZi bv n‡j †Pvqvj †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| †Nvov t †Nvov‡Z cÖavbZ †Pvqv‡ji agwb (External Maxilliary Artery) †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î †Nvovi gv_vi KvQvKvwQ evg w`‡K `vwo‡q evg nvZ w`‡q Avj‡Zvfv‡e gv_v wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj Øviv †Pvqv‡ji wb‡Pi w`KUv‡Z µgvš‡q g„`y Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kivi ci GK wgwbUKvj Zv MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Nvovi †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv nq bv| GQvov †Nvovi wcQ‡bi w`‡K hvIqvI wec`RbK| QvMj‡fov t Gme cïi †¶‡Î Diæi agwb †_‡K bvwoi MwZi nvi wbY©q Kiv nq| Diæi Bb¸Bbvj AÂ‡j (Inguinal Region) Av½yj w`‡q g„`y Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv hvq| Gme cÖvYx‡Z †Pvqvj Ges †j‡Ri agwb ch©‡e¶Y Kiv myweavRbK bq| cïi Aw ’iZv, †cwki K¤úb, †`‡ni ’‚jZv cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y wbw`©ó agwb †_‡K bvwoi MwZi nvi wbiƒcb Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci (Stethoscope) mvnv‡h¨ mvivmwi ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b MYbv Kiv hvq|



wPÎ 22 t †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨ mivmwi ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b MYbv mvaviYZ wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi wba©vwiZ ’vb †_‡K ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b GK wgwbUKvj MYbv Kiv nq| wewfbœ Amyweavi Kvi‡Y D³ mg‡qi Rb¨ MYbv m¤¢e bv n‡j 30 †m‡KÛ mg‡q ¯ú›`b MYbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G msL¨v‡K wØ¸b Ki‡jB cÖwZ wgwb‡U bvwoi MwZ wbYx©Z nq| wewfbœ M„ncvwjZ cïi bvwoi MwZi nvi mviwb 5 G †`qv n‡q‡Q| k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi †Kv‡bv cï dzmdz‡mi m¤úÖmvi‡Yi mgq k¦vm MÖnY K‡i Ges ms‡KvP‡bi mgq k¦vm Z¨vM K‡i| cÖwZ wgwb‡U dzmdzm KZevi cÖmvwiZ nq ev msKzwPZ nq A_©vr KZevi k¦vm MÖnY K‡i A_ev k¦vm Z¨vM K‡i †mwUB n‡”Q k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi| cïi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q A‡c¶v k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q mnRZi| cïi †cQ‡b `vuwo‡q e¶‡eówb I †c‡Ui IVvbvgv †`‡L G nvi wbb©q Kiv hvq| Avevi cïi mvg‡b `vuwo‡q bvwmKvi‡Üªi bovPov I evqyi MwZ ch©‡e¶Y K‡iI k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiv hvq| GQvov †÷‡_v‡¯‹v‡ci mvnv‡h¨I dzmdzm †_‡K mivmwi G nvi wbY©q Kiv

hvq| e¨vqvg, D‡ËRbv, D”P cwi‡ekMZ ZvcgvÎv, kvixwiK ’‚jZv, i³k b¨Zv cÖf…wZ k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi evwo‡q †`q| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi mviwY 5 G D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mviwY 5 t wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cïi ¯vfvweK bvwoi MwZ I k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi cïi cÖRvwZ bvwoi MwZ

(cÖwZ wgwb‡U) k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi (cÖwZ wgwb‡U)

†Nvov 30−40 8−10 Miæ 60−80 10−30 gwnl 40−60 12−16 †fov 70−90 10−20 QvMj 70−90 25−35 k~Ki 60−90 10−20 KzKzi 60−90 15−30 weovj 110−130 20−30 nvwZ 28−35 10

Drm t mvgv`, Gg. G. (1996)| cïcvjb I wPwKrmvwe`¨v, wjwiK-GwcK cÖKvkbx, gqgbwmsn, c„. 135|

cÖwZ wgwb‡U dzmdzm hZevi cÖmvwiZ ev msKzwPZ nq A_©vr hZevi k¦vm MÖnY ev Z¨vM K‡i †mwUB k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi|



cix¶Y 1 †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Miæi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q Kiv

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY 1. GKwU Miæ| 2. GKwU Nwo| 3. K¨vUj k~Ü ev Ævwfm| 4. eënvwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

wPÎ 23 t †j‡Ri agwb †_‡K Miæi bvwoi MwZ wbY©q

Kv‡Ri aviv ♦ cÖ_‡g MiæwU‡K wbqš¿Y Kiæb|

♦ AZtci evg nv‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ Gi †jRwU wKQyUv DuPz K‡i ai€b| ♦ Gevi Wvb nv‡Zi Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ gjØvi †_‡K 7.5-10.0 †m.wg. wb‡P

†j‡Ri wbæw`‡K g„`yfv‡e Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiæb| ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiæb hZ¶Y bv Av½y‡j agwbi ¯ú›`b Abyf‚Z nq|

♦ Gevi G ¯ú›`b Nwoi mvnv‡h¨ GK wgwbUKvj ch©šÍ MYbv Kiæb| ♦ Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y LvZvq wjLyb I mviwY 5 Gi m‡½ Zv wgwj‡q †`Lyb

KZUzKz mwVK n‡q‡Q| ♦ cy‡iv cix¶YwU avivevwnKfv‡e eënvwiK LvZvq wjLyb I wUDUi‡K

†`wL‡q Zv‡Z mB wbb| mveavbZv ♦ Miæi †j‡R Lye †Rv‡o Pvc †`‡eb bv| ♦ Ah_v Miæ‡K nqivwb Ki‡eb bv|

♦ Mi€‡K mwVK c×wZ‡Z wbqš¿Y Ki‡eb| cix¶Y 2 Miæi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY



1. GKwU Miæ| 2. GKwU Nwo| 3. e¨envwiK LvZv, Kjg, †cwÝj, ivevi, mvc©bvi, †¯‹j BZ¨vw`|

wPÎ 24 t Mevw`cïi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q

Kv‡Ri aviv ♦ cÖ_‡g MiæwU‡K LyuwUi m‡½ evuayb ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bvfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiæb| ♦ AZtci MiæwUi mvg‡b G‡m `vuovb| ♦ Gevi MiæwUi `yB bvmi‡Ü«i mvg‡b Avcbvi nvZ `y‡Uv ivLyb| ♦ Miæi wbtk¦vm hZevi nv‡Z jvM‡jv Zv Nwoi mvnv‡h¨ GK wgwbUKvj MYbv

K‡i Miæi k¦vmcÖk¦v‡mi nvi wbY©q Kiæb| ♦ Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y LvZvq wjLyb I mviwY 5 Gi m‡½ wgwj‡q wbb| ♦ cy‡iv cix¶YwU avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb I wUDUi‡K

†`wL‡q Zv‡Z mB wbb| mveavbZv ♦ Miæ‡K Ah_v wei³ Ki‡eb bv| ♦ G Kv‡Ri mgq gvbyl‡K fxo Ki‡Z †`‡eb bv|

bdwbu 1 bdwbu 1 m„ncvwjz cïi †ivm wby©‡q cÖv wgk kiyxq · wpÎ 6 t †j‡ri agwb †_‡k...

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