BDwbU

8

AvLjv‡K hvgxgv (Am”PwiÎ)

f~wgKv

AvLjv‡K hvgxgv ej‡Z gvby‡li wb›`bxq ¯fve¸‡jv eySvq| AvLjv‡K hvgxgv (Am”PwiÎ) AvLjv‡K nvgx`vi (mw”PÎ) wecixZ| AvLjv‡K hvgxgv GKRb gvbyl‡K mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ wbK…ó K‡i †Zv‡j| †hgb- Pywi, WvKvwZ, wQbZvB, ivnvRvwb, mš¿vm| Zviv mKj Mwn©Z Kv‡R wjß _v‡K| wg_¨v ejv, cÖZviYv Kiv, MxeZ Kiv AvLjv‡K hvgxgvi ˆewkó¨| Gme Pwi‡Îi †jvK‡K †KD fvjev‡m bv| GgbwK Avj−vnI Zv‡`i‡K fvjev‡mb bv|

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n nj-

cvV-1 t A‰bwZKZv

cvV-2 t wg_¨v

cvV-3 t MxeZ ev ciwb›`v

cvV-4 t nvmv` ev wnsmv-we‡Øl

cvV-5 t wdZ&bv-dvmv` (mš¿vm)

cvV-6 t wLqvbZ

cvV-7 t a~gcvb

cvV-8 t gv`Kvmw³

cvV-9 t AcPq

cvV-10t nvivg DcvR©b

cvV-11t cÖZviYv

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-230

1 cvV

A‰bwZKZv

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- A‰bwZKZv Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| A‰bwZKZvi Kzdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

A‰bwZKZv m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.1.1 A‰bwZKZv Kx? Bmjvg GKgvÎ c~Y©v½ Rxebe¨e ’v| gvbe Rxeb‡K my›`i, cweÎ I cwi”Qbœ ivLvi R‡b¨ Bmjvg bvbvwea weavb ev ixwZbxwZ w`‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv cvjb Kiv cÖwZwU gvby‡li R‡b¨ GKvš— KZ©e¨| G weavb¸‡jv †g‡b wb‡q †m Abymv‡i KvR KivB bxwZ m¤§Z| gvbyl hLb Avcb cÖe„wËi Zvobvq Bmjvgx ixwZbxwZ ev wewa-weavb fy‡j hvq ev D‡c¶v K‡i wb‡Ri gbgZ P‡j Avi †mUv Avj−vni weav‡bi wecixZ nq Ges cvc nq, ZLb †mUvB A‰bwZKZv wn‡m‡e a‡i †bIqv nq| A_©vr ˆbwZKZv we‡ivax Kv‡R ev ¯fv‡e hLb †KD cwZZ nq ZLb †mUvB nq A‰bwZKZv| A‰bwZKZv gvbe Rxe‡bi GKwU wbK…ó ¯fve, hv gvbyl‡K cïi ch©v‡q bvwg‡q †`q| gvbyl wnZvwnZ Ávb nvwi‡q †d‡j| Zvi Øviv mKj Ab¨vq AvPiY ZLb m¤¢e nq| A‰bwZKZv †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv cÖwZwU gvby‡li KZ©e¨|

8.1.2 ms‡¶‡c A‰bwZK welq¸‡jv n‡”QÑ • Avj−vni GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm bv Kiv| • wg_¨v K_v ejv| • wg_¨v mv¶¨ †`Iqv| • Pywi Kiv, WvKvwZ Kiv, wQbZvB Kiv| • Ab¨vqfv‡e Kv‡iv m¤ú` f¶Y Kiv| • gRy``vix Kiv| • my` I Nyl LvIqv| • g`¨cvb Kiv I †bkv RvZxq †h †Kvb ªe¨ MÖnY Kiv| • Ryqv †Ljv| • whbv ev e¨wfvPi Kiv| • SMov- weev` Kiv| • ivnvRvwb I †PvivPvjvwb Kiv| • cÖZviYv Kiv| • a~gcvb Kiv| • gv`Kvm³ nIqv| • Amrm½ MÖnY Kiv| • mš¿vm, nZ¨v, Puv`vevRx Kiv| • Kv‡iv Kzrmv iUbv Kiv| • cÖwZ‡ekx‡K Kó †`Iqv| • AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© wQbœ Kiv| • gv-evev, AvZ¥xq-¯Rb I wk¶K‡`i m¤§vb bv Kiv|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-231

8.1.3 A‰bwZKZvi Kzdj A‰bwZKZvi Kzdj mgvR Rxeb‡K wech© — K‡i †Zv‡j| gvbyl AvR wbivcËvi Afve †eva Ki‡Q| wg_¨v K_v ejv GKwU A‰bwZK AvPiY| wg_¨vPvi mgvR‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q| Bmjv‡g wg_¨v‡K mKj cvc Kv‡Ri Drm wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

8.1.3 A‰bwZKZv m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb Bmjvg A‰bwZK mKj KvRKg© wbwl× K‡i‡Q| mgvR †_‡K ˆbwZKZv we‡ivax mKj KvR K‡g©i g~‡jvrcvUb Kivi wb‡ ©k `vb K‡i‡Q| gnvbex (m:) mgvR †_‡K A‰bwZKZv ~ixKiYv‡_© K‡Vvi Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i‡Qb| nv`x‡m Av‡Q-

Ò†Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD mgvR we‡ivax, Ab¨vq, Mwn©Z I A‰bwZK KvR Ki‡Z †`L‡j †m †hb Zv kw³ cÖ‡qv‡M cÖwZnZ K‡i| kw³ cÖ‡qv‡M m¶g bv n‡j †hb gy‡Li Øviv cÖwZev` K‡i, Avi Zv‡ZI m¶g bv n‡j Aš—‡i N„Yv Ki‡e| Avi GUv nj ye©jZg Cgv‡bi j¶Y|Ó

Ab¨vq-AwePvi I A‰bwZKZvi c_ i“× K‡i †`Iqv gymwjg D¤§vi Dci Awc©Z Acwinvh© `vwqZ¡| gnvb Avj−vn Zvqvjv G cÖm‡½ †NvlYv K‡ib-

Ò†ZvgivB DËg RvwZ! †Zvgv‡`i‡K gvbeZvi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Zvgiv mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k `vb Ki‡e Ges Amr I A‰bwZK KvR †_‡K gvbyl‡K weiZ ivL‡e|Ó

gnvbex (m:) e‡jbÑ

Ò†Zvgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj Ges wbR wbR `vwq‡Z¡i R‡b¨ wRÁvwmZ n‡e|Ó

Bmjv‡g A‰bwZKZvi ’vb †bB| ivóªcÖavb †_‡K wb‡q mvaviY gvbyl ch©š— mK‡jiB `vwqZ¡ mZZv I ˆbwZKZvi Dci Pjv Ges Ab¨‡K cwiPvwjZ Kiv|G KZ©e¨ cvjb bv Ki‡j Zv‡`i‡K Aek¨B Avj−vni Av`vj‡Z KwVb Revew`wnZvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.1

ˆbe©¨vw³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ: mwVK Dˇi wUK (√) wPý w`b- 1. AvLjv‡K hvgxgv ej‡Z eySvq- K. ciwb›`v L. wb›`bxq ¯fvemg~n

M. Pywi M. mKj DËiB mwVK 2. gv`Kvmw³ wK? K. g` L. wn‡ivBb †meb

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-232

M. gv`K ª‡e¨ Avm³ nIqv N. gv`K ªe¨ mieivn Kiv|

3. †envqvcbv ej‡Z eySvq-

K. bvP-Mvb Kiv L. D”Q„´LjZv M. bxwZnxb KvR Kiv N. wbj©¾ nIqv

4. Puv`vevRx Kiv Bmjv‡g- K. wbwl× L. ˆea

M. gvKiƒn N. kZ© mv‡c‡¶ ˆea

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Ges wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb: K. AvLjv‡K hvgxgv m”Pwi‡Îi wecixZ| L. A‰bwZKZv gvbyl‡K cïi ch©v‡q bvwg‡q †`q|

M. Amrm½ MÖnY Kiv A‰bwZKZv bq| N. gv, evev, AvZ¥xq-¯Rb‡K kª×v Kiv ˆbwZK ˆewkó¨|

3| Wvb cv‡ki kã e¨envi K‡i evK¨ wgwj‡q wjLyb| K. Bmjv‡g mKj A‰bwZK KvR-Kg© cïi mgvb|

L. gRy``vix A‰bwZKZv, M. A‰bwZKZv cwinvi Kiv gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ Acwinvh© KZ©e¨,

N. ˆbwZKZv we‡ivax KvR gvbe Rxe‡bi GKwU wbwl×

O. PwiÎnxb e¨w³ wbK…ó ¯fve,

4| GK K_vq DËi w`b| K. wKfv‡e gvbe Rxeb‡K my›`i I DbœZ Kiv hvq?

L. Lvivc I wb›`bxq ¯fve‡K wK ejv nq?

5| msw¶ß DËi-cÖkœ| 1| A‰bwZKZv Kx eY©bv Ki“b| 2| KziAv‡bi Av‡jvi A‰bwZKZvi Kzdj eY©bv Ki“b|

iPbvg~jK DËi cÖkœ 1| AvLjv‡K hvgxgv Kx? Kx Kx KvR AvLjv‡K hvgxgvi Aš—f©y³ eY©bv Ki“b| 2| A‰bwZKZv m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb Kx eY©bv Ki“b|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-233

2 cvV

wg_¨v

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- wg_¨vi msÁv w`‡Z cvi‡eb| wg_¨v RNb¨ cvc, Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wg_¨vi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.2.1 wg_¨v wK? Aviwe‡Z wg_¨v‡K ÔwKh&e' e‡j| wg_¨v m‡Z¨i wecixZ| wg_¨v A_© nj cÖK…Z Ae ’v ev ev —eZv‡K A¯xKvi Kiv| ZvQvov mZ¨ NUbv‡K weK…Z K‡i ejv‡KI wg_¨v e‡j| cÖK…Z NUbv †Mvcb ev avgvPvcv †`IqvI wg_¨vi Aš—f©y³| †h e¨w³ wg_¨v e‡j Zv‡K Kvwhe ev wg_¨vev`x ejv nq| wg_¨v ejv AZ¨š— wb›`bxq KvR| wg_¨v ejv gybvwd‡Ki ¯fve| wg_¨vev`x‡K †KDB cQ›` K‡i bv| wg_¨v mKj AcK‡g©i Drm| wg_¨v cwinvi Kiv Acwinvh©|

8.2.2 wg_¨v RNb¨ Aciva wg_¨v mKj AcK‡g©i g~j| KviY, wg_¨vi Avkªq wb‡jB GKRb gvbyl †h †Kvb Mwn©Z KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| wg_¨vev`x‡K †KD wek¦vm K‡i bv| Zv‡K †KD mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z GwM‡q Av‡m bv| mK‡j Zv‡K N„Yv K‡i| wg_¨vev`x mgvR Rxeb †_‡K wew”Qbœ _v‡K| Zvi Rxeb ywe©ln nq| wg_¨vev`xiv gvbe mgv‡R wewfbœ wdZ&bvi m„wó K‡i| wg_¨vev`x m¤ú‡K© gnvbex(m) e‡jbÑ

Òwg_¨v gvbyl‡K aŸsm K‡i|Ó

gnvbex (m:) wg_¨vi fqvenZv eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb- ÒhLb †Kvb ev›`v wg_¨v e‡j, ZLb Zvi yM©‡Üi Kvi‡Y †d‡ikZviv ch©š— Zvi †_‡K GK gvBj ~‡i P‡j hvq|Ó ÒAvj−vn Zvqvjv wg_¨v‡K Ryjyg ev AZ¨vPvi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, ÒAZci hviv Avj−vni Dci wg_¨v Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q, Zviv AZ¨vPvix|Ó wg_¨v mgvR‡K aŸsm K‡i| wg_¨v gvbyl‡K aŸsm I Lviv‡ci w`‡K AvnŸvb K‡i|

8.2.3 : wg_¨vi cwiYwZ wg_¨vi cwiYvg LyeB fqven| wg_¨v m¤ú‡K© gnvbex (m:) mZK©evYx D”PviY K‡i‡Qb| ivm~j (m:) e‡jb,

D”PviY : BqvKzg IqvjwKh&ev dvBbœvj wKhev Bqvn`x Bjvj dzRywi Iqv Bbœvj dzRyiv Bqvn`x Bjvb& bv-i|

Ò†Zvgiv wg_¨v †_‡K †eu‡P _vK †Kbbv, wg_¨v gvbyl‡K cv‡ci w`‡K wb‡q hvq, Avi cvc wb‡q hvq Rvnvbœv‡gi w`‡K|Ó gnvbex (m:) mZ¨ev`x wQ‡jb| Rxe‡b KL‡bv wg_¨vi wbK‡UI hvbwb| wZwb wg_¨v‡K N„Yv Ki‡Zb| mvnvex‡`i Aš—‡i wg_¨vi cÖwZ N„Yv RvwM‡q Zzj‡Zb| GKw`b GK e¨w³ gnvbex (m:)-Gi Kv‡Q G‡m ejj!

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-234

ÒûRyi, Avwg Pywi Kwi, wg_¨v ewj Ges AviI eû Ab¨vq KvR Kwi| GgZve ’vq Avwg †Kgb K‡i Gme cvc KvR †_‡K gyw³ cve? wZwb ej‡jb, ÒZzwg wg_¨v ejv †Q‡o `vI| †jvKwU ZvB Kij Ges †`Lv †Mj †m wg_¨v ejv †Q‡o †`Iqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ cvc KvRI †Q‡o w`j| Zvi Rxeb my›`i nj| cvc †_‡K †m †eu‡P †Mj| cwiYv‡g †m gnr e¨w³iƒ‡c MY¨ nj|Ó wg_¨v †Kej Bmjvg a‡g©B wbwl× I RNb¨ Aciva bq eis mKj ag© I bxwZ‡ZB wg_¨v RNb¨ Aciva| myZivs †QvU, eo, bvix-cyi“l, wkw¶Z-Awkw¶Z abx-Mwie mKj‡K wg_¨v cwinvi K‡i Pjv Bmjv‡gi weavb|

mvivsk wg_¨v mKj cvc I Ab¨v‡qi Drm| wg_¨v gvbyl‡K aŸsm K‡i| wg_¨v mgvR‡K KjywlZ K‡i| mgv‡R Ab¨vq-AbvPvi e„w× K‡i| Avj−vn wg_¨v cQ›` K‡ib bv| wg_¨v cwinvi mgv‡Ri DbœwZi KviY| ZvB wg_¨v cwinvi mK‡ji KZ©e¨|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.2 ˆbe©¨vw³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eû wbe©Pvbx cÖkœ: mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| (1) wg_¨v †Kvb cÖKv‡ii cvc-

K. Kweiv ¸bvn L. mvaviY ¸bvn M. QwMiv ¸bvn N. mKj DËi mwVK|

(2) Aviwe‡Z wg_¨v‡K ejv nq- K. wm &K L. wKh&e

M. mei N. wiqv

(3) whwb wg_¨v e‡jb Zv‡K Aviwe‡Z ejv nqÑ K. dvwmK L. Rvwnj

M. Kvwhe N. KvwZe (4) wg_¨vi cwiYwZ nj-

K. aŸsm L. 100 evi †`vhL

M. mvgvwRK eqKU N. Rvnvbœvg

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' wjLyb Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb| K. wg_¨v ejv gybvwd‡Ki ¯fve

L. wg_¨v mKj AcK‡g©i Drm| M. wg_¨v cwinvi Kiv mgv‡Ri AebwZi KviY

N. ivm~j (mv) †jvKwU‡K wg_¨v K_v ejv †Q‡o w`‡Z Av‡`k K‡ibwb|

3| Wvb cv‡k¦©i kã e¨envi K‡i ev‡K¨i wgj Ki“bÑ K. wg_¨vev`x‡K †KD aŸsm K‡i L. wg_¨vev`x mgvR‡K cQ›` K‡i bv

M. wg_¨v gvbyl‡K mZ¨ev`x|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-235

N. gnvbex (mv) wQ‡jb me©`v aŸsm K‡i|

O. wg_¨v mgvR‡K KjywlZ K‡i|

4| GK K_vq DËi w`bÑ K) Aviwe‡Z wg_¨vev`x‡K wK ejv nq? L) Òwg_¨v mKj AcK‡g©i gv ¯iƒcÓ D³wU Kvi?

M) Avj-Avgxb Kvi Dcvwa?

N) wg_¨v cwinvi Kiv DwPZ †Kb?

5| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“bÑ K) Zzwg ïay ........... †Q‡o `vI|

L) wg_¨v †Q‡o w`‡j Rxeb ...........| M) wg_¨vev`x‡K ........... K‡i bv|

N) wg_¨v gvbyl‡K ........... hvq|

O) wg_¨v ........... KvR|

6| ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b- K) wg_¨vi wecixZ kãwU Aviwe‡Z wjLyb|

L) wg_¨v ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb?

M) wg_¨v †Kb wb›`bxq? N) wg_¨vev`x m¤ú‡K© gnvbex (mv) Kx e‡j‡Qb?

7| iPbvg~jK-DËi cÖkœ K) wKhe ev wg_¨v ej‡Z Kx eySvq wjLyb|

L) wg_¨v RNb¨ Aciva eY©bv Ki“b| M) wg_¨vi cwiYvg Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

N) wKfv‡e wg_¨v cwinvi Kiv hvq wjLyb|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-236

3 cvV

MxeZ ev ciwb›`v الغ�بة

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- MxeZ wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| Mxe‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mxe‡Zi cwiYvg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.3.1 MxeZ ev ciwb›`v ÔMxeZ'- Aviwe kã| Gi A_© n‡”Q ciwb›`v Kiv, A‡b¨i †`vl-ΓwU cÖKvk Kiv, Kzrmv iUbv Kiv, Kv‡iv A‡MvP‡i Ggb me K_v ejv ev Zvi Dcw ’wZ‡Z ej‡j †m g‡b Kó cvq| Bmjvgx cwifvlvq, gy‡L, wjLbx‡Z, Bkviv-Bw½‡Z, A½-fw½‡Z, wKsev wPÎ †jLv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q Kv‡iv Abycw ’wZ‡Z Zvi Ggb †Kvb †`vl-ΓwUi K_v Av‡jvPbv Kiv, hv ïb‡j †m g‡b e¨_v cvq, Zv-B MxeZ ev ciwb›`v mgv‡jvwPZ e¨w³ †h †Kvb a‡g©iB †nvK bv †Kb Zvi A‡MvP‡i wb›`v Kiv hv‡e bv| G cÖm‡½ gnvbex (m:) e‡jb- Òhvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †`vl Av‡Q, Zv Zvi A‡MvP‡i Ac‡ii Kv‡Q ejvi bvgB MxeZ|Ó RxweZ e¨w³i MxeZ Kiv nvivg| g„Z e¨w³i †`vl µwU ev MxeZ e‡j †eov‡bvI nvivg|

8.3.2 Mxe‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` MxeZ wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡iÑ ● kvixwiK †`vl-ΓwUi MxeZ, ● †cvkvK-cwi”Q` m¤úwK©Z MxeZ, ● RvZ-esk I Lv›`vb m¤úwK©Z MxeZ, ● we‡kl †Kvb e` Af¨vm ev cvcvPviRwbZ MxeZ|

G meB cÖZ¨¶ MxeZ| ZvQvov c‡iv¶ MxeZI Av‡Q| MxeZ †kvbvI Mxe‡Zi Aš—f©y³| Kv‡iv ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ Zvi mgv‡jvPbv ev wb›`v Kiv ~lYxq bq| †hgb ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ Rvwj‡gi wei“‡× K_v ejv, Awf‡hvM Zz‡j aiv| gvbyl‡K mZK© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ dvwmK I cvcvm³ e¨w³i †`vl cÖKvk Kiv Ges RbgZ MVb Kiv Mxe‡Zi Aš—f©y³ bq| Z‡e G e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mxgv jswNZ bv nq|

8.3.3 MxeZ ev ciwb›`vi cwiYvg MxeZ ev ciPP©v wb›`bxq KvR| MxeZ ev ciPP©vq mgv‡R wnsmv-we‡Øl m„wó K‡i| d‡j G‡K Ac‡ii kΓ n‡q D‡V| gvby‡li g‡a¨ fvjevmv I Av ’v-wek¦vm bó K‡i| mgv‡R wek„´Lvi m„wó nq| GKZv I msnwZ webó nq| mgv‡R Akvwš— I SMov-weev‡`i m„wó nq| MxeZKvixi cÖwZ gvby‡li N„Yvi D‡ ªK nq| MxeZKvix‡K †KD cQ›` K‡i bv| Mxe‡Zi d‡j mgv‡R Akvwš—i `vevbj R¡‡j D‡V| mgvR Rxe‡b Rvnvbœv‡gi Akvwš— †b‡g Av‡m| nv`x‡m MxeZ‡K e¨wfPv‡ii †P‡qI RNb¨ cvc e‡j D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| MxeZKvix‡`i‡K Avj−vn Zvqvjv K‡Vvi fvlvq mZK© K‡i w`‡q e‡jb- Ò†Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii MxeZ K‡iv bv| †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD wK Zvi g„Z fvB‡qi †Mvk&Z †L‡Z cQ›` Ki? bv, †Zvgiv Zv cQ›` Kiv bv? (m~iv ûRyivZ : AvqvZ- 12) KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Mxe‡Zi cwiYvgÑ ● †bK Avgj webó nq ● Kei Avhve nq,

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-237

● yAv Keyj nq bv, ● wKqvg‡Z wnmve KwVb n‡e, ● mgv‡R MxeZKvix Av ’vnxb n‡q c‡o, ● mgv‡R wnsmv-we‡Øl I Akvwš—i m„wó nq, ● mvIg cvj‡bi mIqve webó nq, ● wKqvg‡Zi w`b MxeZKvix‡K MxeZK…Z e¨w³i jv‡ki †Mvk&Z †L‡Z †`Iqv n‡e| myZivs †h KvR ev K_v Øviv gvby‡li Cgvb-AvKx`v bó nq, mvgvwRK cwi‡ek KjywlZ nq, gvby‡l gvby‡l wnsmv-we‡Øl I kΓZv e„w× cvq, Zv †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv Avgv‡`i GKvš— KZ©e¨|

mvivsk MxeZ GKwU wb›`bxq KvR| GKwU mvgvwRK Aciva| Avj−vn Zvqvjv MxeZKvix‡K AcQ›` K‡ib| MxeZ Kiv Avcb fvB‡qi jv‡ki gvsm LvIqvi kvwgj| MxeZ mgv‡R kΓZv e„w× K‡i| MxeZ Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv Acwinvh© KZ©e¨|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.3 ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ: mwVK Dˇii cv‡k¦© wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1) MxeZ n‡”QÑ

K. ciPP©v Kiv L. ciwb›`v Kiv

M. Kzrmv iUbv Kiv N. mKj DËiB mwVK|

2) g„Z I Rxeb e¨w³i MxeZ Kiv Kx? K. gvKiƒn L. †gvevn

M. nvjvj N. nvivg

3) MxeZ KZ cÖKvi?

K. yB cÖKvi L. Pvi cÖKvi M. wZb cÖKvi N. †KvbwUB mwVK bq

4) Mxe‡Zi cwiYvg wK?

K. Ke‡i Avhve nq L. †bK Avgj webó nq

M. mvIg cvj‡bi mIqvi webó nq N. mKj DËi mwVK|

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Ges wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLybÑ K) MxeZ dvwm© kã|

L) Kv‡iv †cvkvK-cwi”Q` m¤ú‡K© mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡j MxeZ nq|

M) MxeZ ev ciPP©v mgv‡R kΓZv e„w× cvq| N) wKqvg‡Zi w`b MxeZKvix‡K g„Z e¨w³i †Mvk&Z †L‡Z †`Iqv n‡e|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-238

3| Wvb cv‡k¦©i kã Øviv evg cv‡k¦©i evK¨ wgj Ki“bÑ K. MxeZ mgv‡R kΓZv Aciva|

L. MxeZ GKwU mvgvwRK Keyj nq bv| M. MxeZKvixi y'Av cQ›` K‡i bv|

N. ciPP©vKvix‡K †KD e„w× K‡i|

4| GK K_vq DËi w`b K) Kv‡iv ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ Zvi A‡MvP‡i mgv‡jvPbv Kiv †Kgb? L) Ò†Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii MxeZ K‡iv bvÓ- GwU Kvi evYx?

M) wKqvg‡Z Kvi wnmve KwVb n‡e? N) we‡kl †Kvb e`Af¨v‡mi †cQ‡b mgv‡jvPbv Kiv wK? 5| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“b- K) hvi g‡a¨ †Kvb ........... Zv Zvi ........... Ac‡ii Kv‡Q ........... MxeZ|

L) RxweZ e¨w³i ........... nvivg, g„Z e¨w³ ........... e‡j †eov‡bvI ...........|

M) RxweZ ev ........... KvR| MxeZ mgv‡R ........... m„wó K‡i| G‡K Ac‡ii ........... I‡V| N) Avj−vn Zvqvjv ............. K‡ib, MxeZ Kiv ........... ........... jv‡ki ........... kvwgj| 6| msw¶ß DËi-cÖkœ K) MxeZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq wjLyb|

L) MxeZ KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? M) Mxe‡Zi wZbwU Kzdj eY©bv Ki“b|

7| iPbvg~jK-DËi cÖkœ K) MxeZ ev ciwb›`v Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

L) Kx Kx KvR Ki‡j MxeZ nq Av‡jvPbv Ki“b| M) ciwb›`v ev Mxe‡Zi m¤ú‡K© we —vwiZ wjLyb|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-239

4 cvV

nvmv` ev wnsmv-we‡Øl

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- nvmv` ev wnsmv-we‡Øl wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li mvgvwRK Kzdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wnsmv-we‡Øl m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.4.1 wnsmv-we‡Øl wnsmv-we‡Øl Am”Pwi‡Îi GKwU wbK…óZg w`K| wnsmv-we‡ØlKvix mgv‡R wb›`bxq nq| Avj−vn Zvqvjv wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlYKvix‡K fvjev‡mb bv| A‡b¨i Avq-DbœwZ, mnvq-m¤ú` I Ab¨vb¨ myL-kvwš— †`‡L wnsmvi m„wó nq| gnvbex (m:) wnsmvi DrcwË m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb- ÒAc‡ii cÖvß wbqvg‡Zi Kvgbv †_‡KB wnsmvi m„wó nq|Ó

wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li gva¨‡g Rxeb I mgvR ywe©ln n‡q D‡V| wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li Kzdj gvivÍK cwiYwZ †W‡K Av‡b| wnsmv we‡Ø‡li Kvi‡Y gvby‡l gvby‡l Kjn-weev‡`i m~ÎcvZ N‡U| wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li cwie‡Z© eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPiY Kiv mK‡ji KZ©e¨| wnsmv-we‡Øl gv‡b wb‡R‡K eo g‡b K‡i Ab¨‡K N„Yv Kiv ev Zz”Q-Zvw”Qj¨ Kiv, kΓZv †cvlY Kiv ev A‡b¨i Awbó Kiv| wnsmyK e¨w³ Ac‡ii g½j Pvq bv| wnsmv-we‡Øl Z¨vM Kiv cÖwZwU gymjgvb Z_v gvby‡li GKvš— KZ©e¨|

8.4.2 wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li mvgvwRK Kzdj wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li d‡j mgv‡R Akvwš—i m„wó nq| gvby‡l gvby‡l †f`v‡f` m„wó nq| gvby‡li cÖwZ gvby‡li `qv-gvqv _v‡K bv| G‡K Ac‡ii kΓ-wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nq| kΓZv e„w× cvq| mgv‡R SMov-weev` I nZ¨vKvh© msNwUZ nq| GKRvwZ Aci RvwZi Ici, GK †MvÎ Aci †Mv‡Îi Ici, GK e¨w³ Aci e¨w³i Ici cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi g‡bve„wË †cvlY K‡i| †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi mvgvwRK I Avw_©K AvwacZ¨ eRvq ivLvi R‡b¨ loh‡š¿i Avkªq †bq I Zv †_‡K wnsmvi Av¸b R¡‡j D‡V| wnsmyK e¨w³ A‡b¨i fvj Kvgbv K‡i bv| d‡j mgv‡Ri mKj †¶‡Î wnsmvi cÖfve †`Lv †`q| mvgvwRK m¤úªxwZ webó nq| mgvR GK A¯w —Ki Ae ’vi g‡a¨ cwZZ nq|

8.4.3 wnsmv-we‡Øl m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb Bmjvg wnsmv-we‡Øl‡K me mgq wbi“rmvwnZ K‡i| Bmjv‡g wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li ’vb †bB| Bmjvg me mgq gvby‡l-gvby‡l fvB-fvB wn‡m‡e Pjvi wb‡ ©k `vb K‡i| gnvbex (m:) e‡j‡Qb- Ò†Zvgiv cvi¯úwiK wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlY K‡iv bv, ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ gyL wdwi‡q †i‡Lv bv| eis Avj−vni ev›`v I ci¯úi fvB-fvB n‡q hvI| Avi †Kvb gymjgv‡bi c‡¶ Ab¨ gymjgvb fvB‡qi cÖwZ wZb w`‡bi †ewk mgq ch©š— m¤úK© wQbœ Kiv Rvwqh bqÓ|

(mnxn gymwjg)

gnvbex nqiZ gynv¤§ (m:) AviI e‡jb-

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-240

Ò†Zvgiv wnsmv-we‡Øl †_‡K †eu‡P _vK| KviY wnsmv gvby‡li mrKg©¸‡jv‡K †L‡q †d‡j, †hgb K‡i Av¸b KvV‡K †L‡q †d‡j|Ó (Avey `vD`) ci¯úi mw`”Qv I ïf KvgbvB Bmjv‡gi weavb| wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlY Kiv G gnvb bxwZi cwicš’x AvPiY| GUv Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k©i cÖwZ KzVvivNvZ Kivi kvwgj| nhiZ jyKgvb (Av:) Zuvi cy·K KZK¸‡jv Dc‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU Dc‡`k wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlY bv Kiv m¤ú‡K©| cweÎ KziAv‡b G m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q-

A_©t ÒZzwg wnsmvq †jvK‡`i †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wbI bv|Ó

KziAv‡b gywgb‡`i cÖwZ m¤úªxwZ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb-

A_©t Ò†n gywgbMY! †Zvgv‡`i GK`j †hb Ab¨ `j‡K we ªƒc bv K‡i|Ó

AZx‡Zi RvwZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wnsmv-we‡Øl _vKvq Zviv aŸsm n‡q‡Q| myZivs G wbK…ó ¯fve I AvPiY †_‡K Avgv‡`i‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.4

ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eû wbe©vPbxK cÖkœ: mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√)wPý w`b- 1) wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li cwiYvg wK?

K. mgv‡R wek„sLjv m„wó nq L. Pywi, WvKvwZ e„w× cvq M. mgv‡R wb›`bxq nq N. m¤ú`kvjx nIqv hvq|

2) wnsmv we‡Ø‡li gv‡b wK? K. A‡b¨i ¶wZ Kiv L. Ab¨‡K Mvwj †`Iqv

M. †PvMjLyix Kiv N. lohš¿ Kiv

3) Ô†Zvgiv cvi¯úwiK wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlY K‡ivbv'-G K_v †K e‡jb? K. nhiZ gynv¤§ (mv) L. nhiZ Avjx (iv)

M. nhiZ Avwqkv (iv) N. nhiZ Igi web Ave yj nvwdh 4) ÒwZb w`‡bi †ewk m¤úK© wQbœ Kiv ˆea bqÓ- GwU †Kvb wKZv‡e Av‡Q?

K. Avj-KziAvb L. ZvIivZ

M. gymwjg N. wZiwgwh kixd

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Ges wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLybÑ K) gvby‡li cÖwZ wnsmv we‡Øl †cvlY Kiv ˆea| L) wnsmyK e¨w³ Ac‡ii Ag½j Kvgbv K‡i bv| M) Ac‡ii cÖvß wbqvg‡Zi aŸsm Kvgbv KivB wnsmv| N) ci¯úi mw`”Qv I ïf KvgbvB Bmjv‡gi weavb| O) wnsmv GKwU cvc KvR|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-241

3| Wvb cv‡k †_‡K mwVK kã †e‡Q wb‡q evK¨ c~Y© Ki“bÑ K. wnsmv-we‡ØlKvix mgv‡R †L‡q †d‡j L. wnsmv-we‡Øl gv‡b wb‡R‡K eo g‡b Kiv M. wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li d‡j wb›`bxq nq N. wnsmyK e¨w³ A‡b¨i m¤ú‡`i †jvf K‡i O. wnsmv gvby‡li mrKg©¸‡jv‡K kΓv e„w× cvq

4| GK K_vq DËi w`b K) wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlY Kiv fvj bv Lvivc?

L) A‡b¨i Avq-DbœwZ, mnvq-m¤ú‡`i cÖwZ †jvf Kiv †_‡K wK m„wó nq? M) wnsmv †_‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Aciv‡ai m„wó nq?

N) ÒZzwg wnsmvq †jvK‡`i †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wbI bvÓÑGwU Kvi Dw³?

5| k~b¨m ’vb c~iY Ki- K) †Zvgiv ........... †_‡K †eu‡P _vK| KviY ........... gvby‡li ........... †L‡q †d‡j, †hgb K‡i

........... KvV‡K ........... †d‡j| L) †n gywgbMY ! ........... GK`j †hb ........... we ªƒc ...........|

M) Bmjvg ........... me mgq ........... K‡i| Bmjv‡g ........... ’vb †bB|

6| cÖkœ¸‡jvi ms‡¶†c DËi w`b: K) wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li DrcwË m¤ú‡K© gnvbex (mv) wK e‡j‡Qb?

L) wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li K‡qKwU Kzdj eY©bv Ki“b| M) Abyev` Ki“b|

7| iPbvg~jK DËi-cÖkœ t K) Abyev` Ki“b:

L) wnsmv-we‡Øl m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb D‡j−L Ki“b|

M) wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li Kzdj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-242

5 cvV

wdZ&bv-dvmv` (mš¿vm)

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- wdZbv-dvmv` Kx? Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| wdZ&bv-dvmv` ev mš¿vm m„wói KviY D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wdZbv-dvmv` ev mš¿vm `g‡bi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.5.1 wdZ&bv-dvmv` ev mš¿vm- wdZbv-dvmv` ev mš¿vm k‡ãi A_© fq-fxwZi gva¨g ˆbivR¨ m„wó Kiv BZ¨vw`| cwifvlvMZ A_© nj: Ab¨vqfv‡e ye©‡ji Dci fq-fxwZi gva¨‡g me‡ji AvwacZ¨ we —vi|

8.5.2 mš¿vm m„wói KviY mš¿vm m„wói bvbvwea KviY i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ

1. ˆbwZKZvi Afve

gvby‡li g‡a¨ Z_v hye mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Av`k© bv _vKvq Zviv †hgb Lywk †Zgb fv‡e P‡j Ges KvR K‡i| b¨vq-Ab¨vq, nvjvj-nvivg †Kvb wKQyB Zviv cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| RxebaviY‡KB Zviv cÖvavb¨ †`q| Rxe‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Zviv m‡PZb _v‡K bv| ˆbwZKZvi AfveB gvbyl‡K Acivax K‡i †Zv‡j|

2. †`vlx ev Acivaxi kvw — bv nIqv mgv‡R hviv †`vlx Ges Acivax Zviv hw` kvw — bv cvq ZLb Aciva cÖeYZv †e‡o hvq| †`vlxiv AviI †ewk mvnm cvq Ges †ec‡ivqv n‡q D‡V| Zviv wnZvwnZ Ávb nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges Aev‡a Aciva Ki‡Z _v‡K|

3. AvwacZ¨ I cÖfve we —vi gvbyl wb‡Ri cÖfve I AvwacZ¨ cÖwZwôZ Kivi R‡b¨ mš¿vmx KvR K‡g© wjß nq| †Kvb wel‡q Kv‡iv ¯v‡_© AvNvZ Avm‡jB cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nv †e‡o hvq Ges mš¿vmx Kvh©Kjv‡c wbcwZZ nq| hvi Kvi‡Y me©Î Akvwš— †b‡g Av‡m|

4. Bmjvgx wk¶vi Afve cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkï wb�vc n‡q c„w_ex‡Z Rb¥jvf K‡i| wKš—z hLb †m eo n‡Z _‡K ZLb Zvi cvwicvwk¦©KZv Zv‡K wfbœ w`‡K cÖevwnZ K‡i| hw` wkïKvj †_‡K Zv‡K Bmjvgx Ávb-`vb Kiv hvq Ges Bmjv‡gi Av`k© Zvi Aš—‡i e×g~j K‡i †`Iqv hvq, Zvi Aš—‡i †Lv`v-fxwZi m„wó nq, Z‡e Zvi Øviv Ab¨vq KvR m¤¢e bq| mgv‡R hviv mš¿vm K‡i Zv‡`i †KDB Bmjvgx Av`‡k© Av`k©evb bq|

5. Kg©ms ’v‡bi Afve †eKviZ¡ ev Kg©ms ’v‡bi Afve hye m¤úª`vq‡K mš¿vmx K‡i †Zv‡j| †jLvcov †kLvi ci hw` hye-m¤úª`vq mv‡_-mv‡_ Kg© ’‡j †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Zviv DcvR©b K‡i, Z‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb Lvivc wPš—v Av‡m bv, Zviv mš¿vmx nZ bv| Zviv nv‡Z A ¿ Zz‡j †bq bv| `wi ªZv, †eKviZ¡B hyeK‡`i‡K mš¿vmxmn Ab¨vb¨ Aciva Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-243

8.5.3 mš¿vm `g‡bi Dcvq mš¿vm GKwU gvivÍK Aciva| KziAv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Òmš¿vm nZ¨vi †P‡q gvivÍK AcivaÓ| mš¿vm `gb Kiv Avgv‡`i Dci Acwinvh© KZ©e¨| mš¿vm `g‡b wbæwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ „wócvZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:

1. wk¶vj‡q ag©xq wk¶vi cÖeZ©b t ag©xq wk¶v cÖv_wgK —i †_‡K `vb Ki‡j wkï‡`i gb-gMR Bmjvgx fvev`‡k© DØy× n‡q DV‡e| wkï‡`i Aš—i Kv`vgvwUi g‡Zv| Kv`vgvwU Øviv hv Lywk ZvB ˆZwi Kiv hvq, †Zgwb †KvgjgwZ wkï‡`i Aš—‡i hv XzwK‡q †`qv hvq, ZvB Zv‡`i Aš—‡i weKvk jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| mš¿vm `g‡b ag©xq Z_v Bmjvgx wk¶vi weKí †bB| Bmjvgx g~j¨‡eva Zv‡`i Aš—‡i †Mu‡_ †M‡j Zviv †mB Av`‡k©B eo n‡q DV‡e| mš¿vm‡K N„Yv Ki‡e|

2. Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Abykxjbt cÖwZwU gvbyl Bmjvgx Áv‡b Z_v g~j¨‡ev‡a Rxeb MVb Kivi ci Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Abykxjb Lvivc KvR †_‡K Zv‡K wndvhZ Ki‡e| Avj−vnfxwZ †Kvb gvby‡li Aš—‡i m„wó n‡j †m Lvivc Af¨v‡m ev Kv‡R wjß n‡Z cv‡i bv| Bmjvgx wbqg-bxwZi AbykxjbB mgvR †_‡K mKj yb©xwZ, ivnvRvbx I mš¿vm eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

3. mgv‡R mvjvZ cÖwZôv t mvjvZ gvbyl‡K mKj Lvivc Ges Ak−xj KvR †_‡K weiZ iv‡L| gvbyl hLb mvjv‡Zi Abymvix n‡e, Zvi g‡a¨ †Lv`vfxwZ m„wó n‡e| Avj−vni f‡q ZLb †m mKj Lvivc KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| KviY GKRb mvjv‡Zi Abymvix e¨w³ me©Î Avj−vn‡K weivRgvb Rv‡b| Kv‡RB Avj−vni mvg‡b Zvi Aciva Kiv m¤¢e bq| KziAv‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡QÑ

ÒwbðqB bvgvh Ak−xj Ges Lvivc KvR †_‡K (gvbyl‡K) weiZ iv‡L|Ó

4. AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM t miKvi‡K mš¿vm `gb AvB‡bi c~Y© cÖ‡qvM I ev —evqb Ki‡Z n‡e| AvBb hw` wkw_j n‡q c‡o Ges AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM bv nq, Zv n‡j Acivaxiv wbwe©‡Nœ Aciva Ki‡Z _vK‡e| ZvB AvBb-k„sLjv i¶vi Kv‡R hviv wb‡qvwRZ Zv‡`i‡K h_vh_ AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡j mš¿vmx‡`i †`ŠivÍ µgk K‡g Avm‡e|

5. mš¿xmv‡`i wei“‡× mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv t mš¿vmx‡`i wei“‡× mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡j A‡bKvs‡k mš¿vm `gb Kiv hv‡e| mgv‡Ri mKj —‡ii gvbyl hw` m‡PZb nq Ges mš¿v‡mi wei“‡× cÖwZev`x nq Zv n‡j mš¿vm A‡bKvs†k eÜ n‡q hv‡e|

6. cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jvi ewjô f~wgKv MÖnY t mš¿vm m¤ú‡K© cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jv h_v cÎ-cwÎKv, †iwWI I wUwf cÖf…wZ ewjô f‚wgKv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÎ-cwÎKvq mš¿vm m¤ú‡K© cÖeÜ wj‡L Gi AcKvwiZv m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K AewnZ Kiv hvq| ZvQvov- †iwWI-wUwf‡Z mš¿vm we‡ivax wewfbœ Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i mš¿vm †iva Kiv hvq|

7. AvBb k„sLjv i¶vKvix ms ’v‡K Avš—wiK n‡Z n‡et mš¿vm `g‡bi †¶‡Î †h welqwU AZ¨waK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Zv n‡”Q AvBb-k„sLjv i¶vKvix ms ’v‡K Avš—wiK n‡Z n‡e|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-244

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.5

ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eû ˆbe©vPwbK cÖkœ: mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| K) wdZbv-dvmv‡`i cwifvlvMZ A_© nj- K. fq-fxwZ cÖ`k©b Kiv

L. ˆbivR¨ m„wó Kiv

M. wQbZvB Kiv N. ye©‡ji Ici me‡ji AvwacZ¨ we —vi Kiv|

L) mgv‡R Aciva cÖeYZv e„w×i KviY nj: K. mvgvwRK Ae¶q

M. ye©j cÖkvmb

M. Awkw¶Z mgvR N. †`vlx e¨w³‡`i kvw — bv nIqv|

M) hye mgvR wec_Mvgx nq †Kb? K. gv-evevi Øviv L. wk¶K‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i

M. Bs‡iwR wk¶vi Afv‡e N. Kg©ms ’v‡bi Afv‡e N) Òmš¿vm nZ¨vi †P‡q Rb¨ AcivaÓ GwU e‡jb-

K. Avj−vn Zvqvjv L. nhiZ gynv¤§ (mv)

M. nhiZ Avey eKi N. hxï wLª÷

2| ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b K) Abyev` Ki“b

L) mš¿vm ej‡Z Kx eySvq, wjLyb? M) ÒBmjvgx wk¶vi Afv‡e mš¿vm e„w× cvqÓ-Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

N) mgv‡R mvjvZ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e mš¿vm `gb Kiv hvq?

3| msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ K) mš¿vm m„wói KviY¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki“b| L) mš¿vm `g‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-245

6 cvV

wLqvbZ

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- wLqvbZ Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wLqvbZ m¤ú‡K© KziAvb-nvw`‡mi wk¶v Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.6.1 wLqvbZ Kx? ÔwLqvbZ' Aviwe kã, GUv Avgvb‡Zi wecixZ| wLqvb‡Zi A_© n‡”Q wek¦vm f½ Kiv, †avKv †`qv, Mw”QZ e —z Pywi Kiv BZ¨vw`| mvaviYZ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q ab-m¤ú` ev Ab¨ †Kvb e —z AvgvbZ ev Mw”QZ ivL‡j Zv AvÍmvr ev ¶wZmvab ev Mw”QZ e —z cwic~Y©fv‡e †diZ bv †`qvi bvg wLqvbZ| Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †Kvb K_v AvgvbZ ev †Mvcb ivLvi Aby‡iva Ki‡j, †m hw` Zv duvm K‡i †`q Z‡e ZvI wLqvb‡Zi Aš—f©y³| †h e¨w³ wLqvbZ K‡i Zv‡K Lvwqb ev wLqvbZKvix ejv nq|

8.6.2 wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj wLqvbZ Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z GKwU wb›`bxq I wbK…ó KvR| wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj my ~icÖmvix| e¨w³ †_‡K mgvR, ivóª I Avš—R©vwZK †¶Î ch©š— wLqvb‡Zi cÖfve c‡o| hvi hZUzKz `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q ZZUzKz h_vh_fv‡e cvjb bv Kiv ev wkw_jZv cÖ`k©b KivI wLqvb‡Zi Ask| nv`xm kix‡d Av‡Q-

ÒcÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB `vwqZ¡kxj Avi †m Zvi `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wRÁvwmZ n‡e|Ó G „wó‡KvY †_‡K cÖwZwU gvbylB †hgb wcZv-gvZv, cyÎ-Kb¨v, mgvRcwZ, kªwgK-gvwjK, wk¶K-QvÎ mK‡ji Dc‡iB Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| Avi Zv myPvi“iƒ‡c cvjb bv Ki‡j wLqvbZKvix wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| wLqvbZKvix gybvwdK‡`i Aš—f©y³| eyLvix I gymwjg kix‡di nv`x‡m ewY©Z Av‡Q, ivm~j (m:) GKw`b gybv‡dK‡`i wb`k©b eY©bv Kivi mgq GKwU j¶‡Yi K_v GUvI e‡j‡Qb †h,

ÒhLb Zvi Kv‡Q †Kvb wRwbm AvgvbZ ivLv nq, ZLb †m Zvi wLqvbZ K‡iÓ|

wLqvbZ Kiv gybvwdK‡`i KvR| wLqvbZ Kiv gnvcvc| wLqvbZKvix Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|

8.6.3 wLqvbZ m¤ú‡K© KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wk¶v cweÎ KziAvb I nv`x‡mi gva¨g wLqvbZ bv Kivi wk¶v cvIqv hvq| wLqvb‡Zi cwie‡Z© AvgvbZ‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wLqvb‡Zi e¨vcv‡i wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb-

Ò†Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji mv‡_ wLqvbZ K‡iv bv Ges ci¯ú‡ii Mw”QZ m¤ú‡`I wLqvbZ K‡iv bv| Avi GUv †h weivU Aciva Zv †Zvgiv Rvb|Ó (m~iv- Avbdvj-27)

hviv Avgvb‡Zi wLqvbZ K‡i Zviv Avj−vni ingZ †_‡K ewÂZ nq| Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Am”QjZv, `vwi ª¨ I M−vwb †b‡g Av‡m| G cwiYwZi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡i gnvbex (m:) e‡jb-

ÒwLqvbZ `vwi ª¨ †W‡K Av‡b|Ó

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-246

wLqvbZ Kiv gywgb‡`i KvR bq| ivm~j (m:) e‡jb-

Òhvi g‡a¨ AvgvbZ`vix †bB, Zvi Cgvb †bB|Ó

gnvb Avj−vn Zvqvjv wLqvbZKvix‡K fvjev‡mb bv| G m¤ú‡K© Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb-

ÒwLqvbZKvix‡K Avj−vn Zvqvjv cQ›` K‡ib bv|Ó (m~iv- Avbdvj-58)

mvivsk

wLqvbZ GKwU RNb¨ Aciva| wLqvbZKvix gybvwd‡Ki Aš—f©y³| wLqvbZKvix Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| e¨w³ Rxe‡b cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K wLqvb‡Zi wecixZ AvgvbZ`vi n‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡j Avj−vn Zvqvjv Zvi Dci mš—zó n‡eb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.6

ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ

1| eû ˆbe©vPwbK cÖkœ: mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK(√)wPý w`b

K) wLqvbZ k‡ãi A_© nj- K. wek¦vm f½ Kiv L. AvgvbZ bó Kiv M. Mw”QZ e —z Pywi Kiv M. mKj DËi mwVK

L) wLqvbZKvix Kv‡`i Aš—f©y³? K. gymjgvb‡`i L. gywgb‡`i M. Kvwdi‡`i N. gybvwdK‡`i

M) wLqvbZKvixi kvw — wK? K Rvnvbœvg L. mvgvwRK eqKU M. 100wU †eÎvNvZ N. 3 w`‡bi Kvivevm

N) Avgiv wLqvbZ bv Kivi wk¶v cvBÑ K. KziAvb †_‡K L. KziAvb I nvw`m †_‡K M. gv-evev †_‡K N. AvZ¥xq-¯Rb †_‡K

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb- K. †h e¨w³ wLqvZ K‡i Zv‡K Lvwqb e‡j

L. KvD‡K †avKv †`qv GK ai‡bi wLqvbZ M. gybvwdK‡`i wb`k©b 5wU

N. wLqvbZ `wi ªZv †W‡K Av‡b O. wLqvbZKvix‡K Avj−vn Zvqvjv fvjev‡mb

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-247

3| Wvb cv‡ki kã e¨envi K‡i evg cv‡ki evK¨ c~iY Ki“b| K. Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z wLqvbZ GKwU Cgvb †bB L. mgv‡R ev e¨w³ Rxe‡b wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj wLqvbZ K‡iv bv

M. †Zvgiv ci¯ú‡ii Mw”QZ m¤ú` RNb¨ Aciva

N. hvi g‡a¨ AvgvbZ`vwi †bB Zvi g‡a¨ my ~i cÖmvix|

4| GK K_vq DËi w`b- K) whwb AvgvbZ bó K‡ib Aviex‡Z Zv‡K wK e‡j?

L) Kv‡iv †Mvcb K_v duvm K‡i †`qv wK ai‡bi Aciva? M) ÒcÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB Avcb `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© wRÁvwmZ n‡eÓ|

N) wLqvb‡Zi cwie‡Z© Bmjvg †Kvb wRwbm‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Q?

5| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“b K) †Zvgiv ........... I ........... mv‡_ ........... K‡iv bv| L) hviv ........... wLqvbZ K‡i Zviv ...................... †_‡K ewÂZ nq|

M) ........... Rxe‡b ........... I ........... Rxeb ........... Av‡m|

N) nvw`m, KziAvb Øviv ........... bv Kivi ........... cvIqv hvq|

6| GK K_vq wjLyb K) wLqvbZ Kx wjLyb|

L) wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|

M) wLqvbZKvixi kvwš— eY©bv Ki“b|

7| ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b K) wLqvbZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj m¤ú‡K© we —vwiZ wjLyb|

L) KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K wLqvb‡Zi wk¶v eY©bv Ki“b| M) e¨vL¨v Ki“b:

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-248

7 cvV

a~gcvb

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- a~gcvb Kx, Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| a~gc‡bi Kzdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

a~gcvb m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb eY©bv cvi‡eb| a~gcvb wbevi‡Yi Dcvq D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.7.1 a~gcvb a~gcvb k‡ãi A_© nj †auvqv cvb Kiv, †auvqv MÖnY Kiv| ÔZvgvK' RvZxq wRwbm cywo‡q Zvi †auvqv D`i ’ Kivi bvgB a~gcvb| mvaviYZ wewo, wmMv‡iU, Pyi“U I û°vi †auvqv cvb Kiv‡KB a~gcvb e‡j|

8.7.2 a~gcv‡bi Kzdj a~gcvb welcv‡bi g‡ZvB ¶wZKi| a~gcvb ˆ`wnK, Avw_©K, ag©xq I mvgvwRK ¶wZ Ges Aciv‡ai KviY| a~gcv‡bi Kzdj¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c wb‡æ Zz‡j aiv njt-

1. RNb¨ Aciva t Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z mKj ai‡bi a~gcvb GKwU RNb¨ Aciva| Avj−vn Zvqvjv gvbyl‡K nvjvj Lvevi I cvbxq MÖnY Kivi R‡b¨ Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb Ges wbwl× I ¶wZKi Lvevi I cvbxq MÖnY Kiv †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z e‡j‡Qb| a~gcvb †h‡nZz ¶wZKi ZvB a~gcvb Kiv Bmjv‡g wbwl×| a~gcvb gvby‡li ag©xq, ¯v ’¨MZ Ges Av_©-mvgvwRK ¶wZi Øvi Db¥y³ K‡i|

2. a~gcvb Ace¨‡qi kvwgjt a~gcvb †hgwb Aciva †Zgwbfv‡e GwU Ace¨‡qi Aš—f©y³| Bmjv‡g Ace¨q I AcPq Kiv wbwl×| Ace¨qKvix‡K Avj−vnZvqvjv fvjev‡mb bv| Ace¨qKvix kqZv‡bi fvB| KziAv‡b Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb, ÒAce¨qKvixiv kqZv‡bi fvBÓ| (m~iv ebx BmjvCj t 27) a~gcvqxiv G Ace¨q cywl‡q †bqvi R‡b¨ A‡bK mgq Am ycvq Aej¤^b K‡i| G‡Z gvbyl Ab¨v‡qi Avkªq †bq Ges cvc Kv‡R wjß nq|

3. a~gcvb AvÍNvwZ †iv‡Mi m„wó K‡it a~gcvb gvbe‡`n I AvÍv‡K ye©j K‡i †`q| a~gcv‡bi Kvi‡Y gvbyl KwVb †iv‡M Avµvš— nq| a~gcv‡b †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv bó n‡q hvq| a~gcv‡bi Kvi‡Y gvbyl h²v, eªsKvBwUm, nuvcvbx, `š—¶q, M¨vw÷ªK, Avjmvi, ¶zavg›`v, dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi, ü`‡ivM cÖf…wZ gvivÍK e¨vwa‡Z Avµvš— nq| eZ©gvbhy‡M wPwKrmv weÁvbx‡`i M‡elYvi d‡j a~gcv‡bi AcKvwiZv I ¶wZKi w`K cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| my¯v ’¨ Ges `xN©vqyi R‡b¨ a~gcvb bv KivB DËg|

4. a~gcvb Bev`v‡Z GKvMÖZv webó K‡it a~gcvqx e¨w³i gmwR‡` cÖ‡ek, †Kvb wk¶vi Avm‡i AskMÖnY, eÜz-evÜe I gvb¨ e¨w³‡`i mv‡_ K‡_vcK_b weiw³i KviY n‡q uvovq| a~gcvqxi gy‡Li yM©Ü, cv‡k¦©i gymwj−i Bev`v‡Z weNœ m„wó K‡i| yM©‡Ü Zvi Bev`v‡Z GKvMÖZv bó K‡i| †Kvb wK‡kvi ev hyeK hw` GKevi a~gcv‡b Af¨ ’ nq Z‡e Zvi g‡a¨ bvbviKg e`-Af¨v‡mi Rb¥ †bq| Zv †_‡K wdwi‡q Avbv m¤¢e nq bv ej‡jB P‡j|

5. a~gcvb mgvR I cwi‡ek ~wlZ K‡it a~gcvqx Aa~gcvqx‡`i Kv‡Q wb›`bxq nq| ZvQvov a~gcv‡bi Kvi‡Y cwi‡ek ywlZ nq| a~gcvb Av‡kcv‡ki bvix, wkï I e„‡×i gvivÍK ¶wZ mvab K‡i|

a~gcvqxi Kv‡Q Aa~gcvqx _vK‡j †auvqvq ZviB †ewk ¶wZ nq| a~gcv‡bi †P‡q a~gcvqxi †auvqv Aa~gcvqxi Rb¨ gvivÍK ¶wZKi nq| ZvQvov wkïivI G e`Af¨vmwU iß Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges a~gcv‡b Avm³ n‡q c‡o|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-249

6. a~gcvb welcv‡bi †P‡qI gvivÍK t wewo-wmMv‡i‡Ui g‡a¨ †h wb‡KvwUb _v‡K Zv we‡li †P‡qI gvivÍK| cix¶v K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, y‡Uv wmMv‡i‡Ui wb‡KvwUb hw` Bb‡RKkb Øviv my ’ gvby‡li kix‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nq, Zv n‡j Zvi g„Zz¨ Awbevh©| ZvB a~gcvb welcv‡bi †P‡qI †ewk gvivÍK| †Kbbv welcv‡b ïay welcvbKvixiB ¶wZ nq| wKš—z a~gcv‡b Zvi, cwi‡e‡ki Ges Aa~gcvqxi GgbwK fwel¨r eskai‡`i I gvivÍK ¶wZ n‡q Zv‡K|

8.7.3 a~gcvb m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb Avgv‡`i nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z a~gcvb Kiv gvKiƒn Zvnwigv| eZ©gv‡b M‡elYvi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, gvby‡li Rxeb aŸsmKvix AwaKvsk †ivMB a~gcvb †_‡K m„wó nq| ZvB eZ©gvb hy‡Mi Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`MY a~gcvb Kiv‡K cweÎ cvbvnvi wn‡m‡e g‡b K‡ib bv| †Kbbv, cweÎ ev nvjvj cvbvnv‡ii gva¨‡g gvby‡li kix‡ii DcKvi nq| c¶vš—‡i a~gcv‡b kix‡ii ¶wZ nq| me w`K we‡ePbv K‡i eZ©gv‡b Bmjvgx wPš—vwe`MY a~gcvb Kiv‡K nvivg e —z MÖn‡Yi ch©vqfy³ g‡b K‡ib| myZivs Bmjvgx weavb g‡Z a~gcvb bv KivB KZ©e¨|

8.7.4 a~gcvb wbevi‡Yi Dcvq

a~gcv‡bi g‡Zv AvÍNvZx Kz-Af¨vm ~i Kiv e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e mK‡ji KZ©e¨| a~gcvb cÖwZ‡iv‡a †h mKj c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv m‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiv njt

K. Bmjv‡gi wk¶v AbymiYt Bmjv‡gi wk¶v I wewa-weavb a~gcvb‡K wbi“rmvwnZ K‡i| ZvB GKRb gvbyl hw` Bmjv‡gi wk¶v I wewa-weav‡bi AbymiY K‡i Z‡e Zvi c‡¶ a~gcvb eR©b Kiv mnR n‡e| ZvB a~gcvb eR©‡bi R‡b¨ Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi AbymiY Acwinvh©|

L. B”Qv kw³ t a~gcvb eR©‡bi Rb¨ a~gcvqxi „p B”Qvkw³ _vK‡Z n‡e| a~gcvqx B”Qv Ki‡jB †Kej a~gcvb †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z cv‡i|

M. cÖPvi gva¨‡gi mwµq f‚wgKvt a~gcvb e‡Üi R‡b¨ cÖPvi gva¨g¸‡jvi mwµq f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆ`wbK cwÎKv, g¨vMvvwRb, †iwWI-wUwf cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g a~gcv‡bi Kzdj m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K AewnZ Kiv hvq| a~gcv‡bi Kz-Af¨vm eR©‡bi e¨vcv‡i wK wK c`‡¶c †bIqv hvq ZvI e‡j w`‡Z n‡e| a~gcvb bv Kivi mydj cÖPvi Ki‡Z n‡e| a~gcv‡b gvbyl‡K wbi“rmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡j a~gcvqxi msL¨v Av‡ — Av‡ — Kg‡Z _vK‡e|

N. mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡et a~gcvb eR©‡bi Rb¨ mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡a¨ ¯v ’¨Kg©x‡`i Øviv I mgvR m‡PZb e¨w³e‡M©i Øviv cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRKfv‡e a~gcvqx‡K eqKU Ki‡Z n‡e| a~gcvqx‡`i mv‡_ Pjv‡div I †hvMv‡hvM eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU cwiev‡ii cÖavb Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i‡K a~gcvb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi civgk© Ges †¶Î we‡k‡l Av‡`k `vb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K `vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³ Zvi Aaxb ’‡`i‡K a~gcvb eR©‡bi R‡b¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡eb, Zv n‡j a~gcvqxi msL¨v Av‡ —-Av‡ — Kg‡Z _vK‡e|

O. MYm‡PZbZv e„w×t a~gcvb wbevi‡Yi R‡b¨ Gi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv RbM‡Yi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i MYm‡PZbv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| RbMY hw` a~gcv‡bi Kzdj I ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j Zviv a~gcvb eR©b Ki‡Z AvMÖnx n‡e| a~gcvb eR©‡bi R‡b¨ MYm‡PZbZv GKwU DËg gva¨g|

P. wPwKrmK‡`i D‡`¨vM MÖnY t a~gcvb eR©‡bi R‡b¨ wPwKrmKMY ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv cÖwZwU †ivMx‡K a~gcv‡bi Kzdj e‡j w`‡Z cv‡ib| a~gcvb †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÎ-cwÎKvq wewfbœ cÖeÜ wj‡L a~gcv‡bi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡ib| wP‡Îi gva¨‡g dzmdzm, hK…Z I ü`h‡š¿i g‡a¨ a~gcv‡bi Kvi‡Y ¶Z ’vb¸‡jv Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡ib| gvV Kg©x‡`i gva¨‡g N‡i-N‡i a~gcv‡bi Kzdj Rvwb‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-250

Q. a~gcvb cÖwZ‡iv‡a wk¶‡Ki f‚wgKvt wk¶KMY n‡”Qb gvbyl Movi KvwiMi| wkïiv hLb †QvU †ejvq ¯‹z‡j hvq ZLb wk¶KMY Zv‡`i‡K a~gcvb bv Kivi R‡b¨ Av‡`k Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avi Zv‡`i cÖwZ bRi ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv hLb GKUz eo n‡e Ges we‡ePbv Ki‡Z wkL‡e ZLb Zv‡`i‡K a~gcv‡bi Kzdj m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| hv‡Z Zviv a~gcvb †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| ZvQvov a~gcv‡b wbi“rmvwnZ Kivi R‡b¨ wewfbœ †cÖvMÖv‡gi e¨e ’v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ-QvÎxiv Rb‡Mvôxi GK weivU Ask| myZivs a~gcvb eR©‡bi cÖPv‡i wk¶‡Ki f‚wgKv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

R. gmwR‡`i Bgvg I AvwjgM‡Yi f‚wgKvt gmwR‡`i Bgvg I AvwjgMY n‡”Qb mgv‡Ri kª×vi cvÎ| Rbmvavi‡Yi mv‡_ Zv‡`iB †ewk †hvMv‡hvM nq| Zviv IqvR-bmxn‡Zi gva¨‡g a~gcv‡bi ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv Rbmg‡¶ Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡ib| a~gcvb m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb eY©bv K‡i a~gcv‡bi cÖwZ wbi“rmvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

S. cvV¨cy —‡K a~gcvb we‡ivax cvV ms‡hvRb t cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I Be‡Z`vqx gv`ivmvi Z…Zxq †kªYx †_‡K 5g †kªYxi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ eB‡q a~gcv‡bi Kzdj m¤úwK©Z GKwU cvV ms‡hvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cv‡Vi gva¨‡g ˆkke Kv‡jB hw` wkï‡`i‡K a~gcv‡bi AcKvwiZv I Kzdj m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv hvq Zvn‡j eo n‡q Zviv Avi a~gcv‡bi gZ e` Af¨v‡m wjß n‡e bv| d‡j fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥ a~gcvqxi msL¨v K‡g Avm‡e|

†gvUK_v, G gvivÍK ¶wZKi e` Af¨vm †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqvi R‡b¨ mK‡j wg‡j †mv”Pvi n‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡j a~gcvb cÖwZ‡iva m¤¢e n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.7

ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| K) a~gcvb k‡ãi A_© nj- K. R ©v LvIqv

L. mvaviY A‡_© †auvqv MÖnY Kiv

M. †bkv RvZxq wRwbm LvIqv N. ZvgvK RvZxq wRwbm †_‡K †auvqv MjatKiY Kiv

L) a~gcvb Bmjv‡g- K. A‰ea L. ˆea

M. †gvevn N. mybœvZ M) a~gcvb wK‡mi kvwgj?

K. Ace¨‡qi kvwgj L. welcv‡bi kvwgj

M. Aciv‡ai kvwgj N. mKj DËi mwVK N) a~gcvb wbevi‡Yi Dcvq wK?

K. Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi AbymiY L. gv-ev‡ci kvmb M. we`¨vj‡q Mgb

N. †Q‡j-†g‡q‡`i nv‡Z UvKv bv †`qv

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-251

K. ighvb gv‡m gymjgvbMY a~gcvb eR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

L. †iwWI-wUwf‡Z a~gcv‡bi weÁvcb eR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

M. a~gcvb eR©‡bi R‡b¨ mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva DËg cš’v| N. gmwR‡`i BggvMY a~gcvb e‡Ü Kvh©Ki c`†¶c wb‡Z cv‡ib|

3| Wvb cvk †_‡K mwVK kã wbe©vPb K‡i evg cv‡ki ev‡K¨ wgj K‡i wjLyb| K. mvaviY wewo, wmMv‡iU, Pyi“U BZ¨vw` cvb Kivi bvg Aciva

L. Bjv‡gi „wó‡Z a~gcvb GKwU a~gcvb bv Kiv DËg M. a~gcv‡bi Kvi‡Y gvbyl KwVb †iv‡M Avµvš— nq

N. my¯vm ’¨ Ges `xN©vqy jv‡f Rb¨ a~gcvb

4| GK K_vq DËi w`b| K) a~gcv‡bi Aci bvg wK? L) ÒAce¨qKvixiv kqZv‡bi fvBÓ GUv Kvi Dw³?

M) gvbyl h²v, eªsKvBwUm, nuvcvbx I dzmdzm K¨vÝv‡i Avµvš— nq †Kb?

N) wewo, wmMv‡i‡Ui †Kvb wRwbmwU †ewk ¶wZKi?

5| k~b¨m ’vb c~ib Ki“b| K) y‡Uv wmMv‡i‡Ui ........... hw` ...........Øviv my ’¨ ........... †`‡n ...........Kev‡bv nq, Zv n‡j

........... Awbevh©| L) ........... †P‡q ........... †auvqv ........... Kg ........... bq|

M) ........... Avkcv‡ki bvix ........... I ........... gvivÍK ........... K‡i| N) a~gcv‡bi gvbyl ........... Avµvš— nq|

6| ms‡¶‡c cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b| K) a~gcvb Ace¨‡qi kvwgj eY©bv Ki“b|

L) a~gcvb ej‡Z Kx eySvq wjLyb| M) cÖPvi gva¨‡gi mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e a~gcvb eÜ Kiv hvq wjLyb|

N) MYm‡PZbZv Kx a~gcvb †iv‡a mnvqK? wjLyb|

7| iPbvg~jK-cÖ‡kœi w`b| K) a~gcvb Kx? a~gcv‡bi Kzdj Av‡jvPbv Ki“b Ges L) wKfv‡e a~gcvb cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq eY©bv Ki“b|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-252

8 cvV

gv`Kvmw³

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- gv`Kvmw³ wK, Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb, gv`K ªe¨mg~‡ni bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

gv`Kvmw³i Kzdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb. gv`Kgy³ mgvR Movi Dcvq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

8.8.1 gv`Kvmw³ gv`Kvmw³ ej‡Z eySvq †h mKj ªe¨ ev ªe¨mvgMÖx cvb ev e¨envi Ki‡j gvbyl †bkvMÖ — nq Zv MÖnY ev cvb Kiv‡K gv`Kvmw³ e‡j| Ab¨ K_vq †bkv RvZxq ªe¨mvgMÖx ev gw —®‹ weK„ZKvix e —z MÖnY KivB gv`Kvmw³| G cÖm‡½ gnvbex (m:) e‡jb-

D”PviYt Kzj−y gymwKwib Lvgi“b Iqv Kzj−y Lvgwib nvivgyb|

Ò†bkv RvZxq mKj ªe¨ g` Avi hveZxq g`B nvivgÓ| (mnxn eyLvix)

ivm~j (m:) AviI e‡jb-

D”PviY t gv AvmKviv Kvwmi“n AvI Kvwjjyû nvivgyb|

Ò†h wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ gv`Kvmw³ i‡q‡Q, Zvi AwaK cwigvY ev Aí cwigvY MÖnY KivI nvivg|Ó (wZiwghx)

gnvbex (m:) gv`K ª‡e¨i †Kvb bvg D‡j−L K‡ibwb| wZwb GKwU dg~©jv e‡j w`‡q‡Qb| ZvB †h mKj ª‡e¨i g‡a¨B †bkv _vK‡e ZvB gv`Kvmw³| mKj gv`K ªe¨ ev e —z hv gw —‡®‹i weK…wZ NUvq Zv MÖnY KivB nvivg| G mKj gv`K ªe¨ ev e —z ev cvbxq †_‡K bvix-cyi“l, wkï-wK‡kvi, hyeK-hyeZx, e„×-e„×v mKj‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e|

8.8.2 gv`K ªe¨mg~n †bkv m„wóKvix Ges gw —‡®‹i weK…wZKvix ªe¨mg~n gv`K ªe¨ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZ y'fv‡e fvM Kiv hvq| h_vÑ (K) cÖvK…wZK (L) ivmvqwbK

(K) cÖvK…wZK gv`K ªe¨t cÖK…wZ †_‡K †h mKj gv`K ªe¨ cvIqv hvq ev Drcbœ nq, Zv-B cÖvK…wZK gv`K ªe¨| cÖvK…wZK gv`K ªe¨ AwaKvskB MvQ-MvQov †_‡K Drcbœ nq| †hgb Zvj ev †LRyi im †_‡K Zvwo,

Av½yi ev †LRyi †_‡K bexR, Avwdg, MuvRv, fvO, nvwkk gvwiRyqvbv BZ¨vw` gv`K ªe¨|

(L) ivmvqwbK ªe¨ t cix¶vMv‡i ivmvqwbKfv‡e †h gv`K ªe¨ Drcbœ Kiv nq Zv-B ivmvqwbK gv`K ªe¨| ivmvqwbK gv`K ªe¨ AvR fqven we —vi jvf K‡i‡Q| Amvay Jla †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jv Jla ˆZwii bv‡g gv`K ª‡e¨i Drcv`b K‡i Pj‡Q| ivmvqwbK gv`K ªe¨ †ewk †bkv m„wó K‡i _v‡K| hv cÖvK…wZK gv`K ªe¨

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-253

†_‡K †ewk gvivÍK I aŸsmKvix| †hgb- wn‡ivBb, giwdb, †Kv‡Kb, c¨v‡_wWªb, mÄxebx m~iv, †dbwmwWj, wewfbœ cÖKvi Gj‡Kvnj cÖf…wZ| 8.8.3 gv`Kvmw³i cwiYvg gv`Kvmw³i cwiYvg AZ¨š— fqven| gv`Kvmw³ Rxeb‡K g„Zz¨i w`‡K †V‡j †`q| gv`Kvmw³ hw`I mvgwqK Avb›` `vb K‡i wKš—z Zvi ¶wZKi w`KUv me©MÖvmx I we —„Z| wb‡æ gv`Kvmw³i Kzdj eY©bv Kiv njt-

1. ag©xq Kzdjt gv`Kvmw³ gvby‡li Ávb-eyw× we‡jvc K‡i Ges Avj−vni Bev`vZ Z_v Avj−vni ¯§iY †_‡K ~‡i iv‡L| gv`Kvmw³ gvbyl‡K mvIg, mvjvZ Gi gZ Bev`vZ †_‡KI weiZ iv‡L| gv`Kvmw³ e¨w³iv bvbv iKg cvcvPv‡i wjß nq| Zv‡`i‡K gv`Kvmw³ †_‡K wd‡i Avbv m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³iv AcweÎ _v‡K| KziAv‡b Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb- ÒkqZvb Pvq gv`Kvmw³i gva¨‡g †Zvgv‡`i‡K Avj−vni ¯§iY I mvjvZ †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z| Z‡e wK †Zvgiv GL‡bv gv`Kvmw³ †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e bv?Ó

2. gv`Kvmw³ Rxebxkw³ †jvc K‡i gv`Kvmw³ gvbe‡`n‡K APj K‡i †`q| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ g„Zz¨i gy‡LvgyLx P‡j hvq| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zvi †Kvb g~j¨‡eva _v‡K bv| gv`Kvmw³i d‡j nRg kw³ †jvc cvq| gv`Kvmw³i d‡j cvK ’wj‡Z Nv, øvqy ye©j ü`‡ckx ye©j, wjfvi I wKWbx weKj K‡i †`q| ZvQvov wkiv I agbxi kw³ ¶q n‡q hvIqvmn Ggwb A‡bK ai‡bi gvivÍK †iv‡Mi m„wó K‡i| gv`Kvmw³ e¨w³‡`i gv‡S AKv‡j eva©K¨ Av‡m| gv`Kvmw³i d‡j Zv‡`i Mj‡`k I k¦vmbvjxi cÖPyi ¶wZ nq| gv`Kvmw³i d‡j Zviv h²v, RwÛm, nv‡U©i fv‡j¦i ˆeKj¨ cÖf…wZ †iv‡M Avµvš— nq Ges AKv‡jB cÖvY nvivq|

3. gv`Kvmw³i gvbwmK Kzdj gv`Kvmw³ gvby‡li we‡eK-eyw× I gw —‡®‹i Dci gvivÍK cÖfve we —vi K‡i| gv`Kvmw³i Kvi‡Y gw —‡®‹i Ki‡U· ev D”PZi eyw×e„wËi —i wb‡ —R n‡q hvq I gvbyl gvZvj n‡q c‡o| ZLb †m wnZvwnZ Ávb nvwi‡q †d‡j| iv —v-Nv‡U, †QvU wkïi mvg‡b gvZjvwg Ki‡Z _v‡K| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³i j¾v, ms‡KvP K‡g hvq| K_vevZ©v †ewk e‡j, K_vevZ©vq †Kvb fvimvg¨ _v‡K bv| GgbwK gvZvj e¨w³ A‡bK †Mvcb Z_¨I †ei K‡i †`q| Zvi K_vevZ©v Rwo‡q hvq Ges GK mg‡q A‡PZb n‡q c‡o|

4. gv`Kvmw³i ˆbwZK Kzdj gv`Kvmw³ gvbyl‡K gvbeZv I ˆbwZKZv we‡ivax Kvh©Kjvc QvovI gvbyl‡K hveZxq g›` I N„Y¨Zi cvc Kv‡Ri w`‡K avweZ K‡i| gv`Kvmw³ gvbyl‡K we‡eKewR©Z, Aw ’i I D”Q…´Lj K‡i †Zv‡j| wQbZvB, nZ¨v, ivnvRvwb, e¨wfPvi, moK yN©Ubv I wbh©vZbmn RNY¨Zg Aciv‡ai meKwUB gv`Kvmw³i cwiYvg| gv`Kvmw³ mKj Mwn©Z I Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri g~j| gnvbex (m:) G cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb-

D”PviYt Avj Lvgi“ D¤§yj LvevwqwQ Iqvj dvIqvwnm|

Ògv`Kvmw³ mKj AcKg© I Ak−xjZvi g~jÓ|

5. Avw_©K AcPq gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ wecyj A_©‰bwZK ¶wZ mvab K‡i _v‡K| †bkvi Zvobvq gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ wb‡Ri me©¯ wewK‡q me©kvš— n‡Z wØav‡eva K‡i bv| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³iv cwiev‡ii mK‡ji UvKv-cqmv, Nwo, ¯Y©vjsKvi Pywi K‡i wewµ K‡i †`q; d‡j cwiev‡ii mK‡j A¯w —Ki Ae ’vq w`b KvUvq| me©Î Îvm I Akvwš—i m„wó K‡i| cwimsL¨vbwe`‡`i g‡Z ïay GKwU kn‡i gv`K ª‡e¨i e¨q mvgwMÖK RxebhvÎvi Ab¨vb¨ mKj e¨‡qi

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-254

mgvb| gv`Kvmw³ †KvwUcwZ‡KI wbt¯-wfLvix K‡i †`q| †`‡ki wecyj cwigvY A_© G c‡_ bó nq| weo¤^bv, nZvkv I y‡f©vM ZLb wbZ¨w`‡bi m½x n‡q hvq|

6. mvgvwRK I RvZxq Rxe‡b Kzdj gv`Kvm³ e¨w³-mgvR I RvZxq Rxe‡b `vi“Y wech©q NUvq| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ hw` †Kvb `vwqZ¡c~Y© c‡` AwawôZ _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi Øviv †m RvwZi aŸsm Awbevh©| ZvQvov gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ mgvRKZ©v n‡jI Zvi Øviv GKB cwiYwZ NU‡e| †h RvwZi hye mgvR gv`Kvm³, fwel¨r cÖRb¥ Zv‡`i aŸsmcÖvß| gv`Kvm³ e¨w³i †Q‡j-†g‡qiv nvev, weKjv½, eyw×nxb I D”Q…sLj nq| Zviv mgvR I RvwZi Avc` n‡q _v‡K|

8.8.4 gv`Kgy³ mgvR Movi Dcvq AvR wek¦ gv`Kvmw³i me©weaŸsmx cwiYvg †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z Pvq| cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zvi GB weldj mgMÖ wek¦‡K AvR AvZw¼Z K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| me©MÖvmx gv`Kvmw³i G †mªvZ eÜ Kiv GKv Kv‡iv c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| mgMÖ we‡k¦i we‡eKevb gvbyl AvR Gi cÖwZKvi I cÖwZ‡iva Kivi wPš—vfvebv Ki‡Q| †Kbbv, gv`Kvmw³ AvR mvgvwRK I RvZxq mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e Gi cÖwZ‡iva Pj‡Q| ZvB mKj‡K mgwb¦Z cÖqvm I mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| gv`Kvmw³i KivjMÖvm †_‡K hyem¤úª`vq I mgvR‡K gy³ Ki‡Z n‡j mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †kªYxi c¶ n‡Z †h mKj e¨e ’v MÖnY Kiv hvq Zv njt-

1. cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e ’vt gv`Kvmw³ cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z gv`K ªe¨ Drcv`bKvix, mieivnKvix, e¨enviKvix Ges gv`K ªe¨ Mgb c‡_i †`k¸‡jvi mgwb¦Z cÖ‡Póvi cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY cÖ‡qvRb|

2. wk¶vi gva¨‡g D‡`¨vMt gv`Kvmw³i wei“‡× hye I wK‡kvi‡`i g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w×i Rb¨ ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjqmn mKj wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cvV¨cy —‡K gv`K ª‡e¨i Kzdj m¤ú‡K© cvV `v‡bi e¨e ’v MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

3. †iwWI-wUwf‡Z Abyôvb cÖPvit gv`Kvmw³i wei“‡× mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv e„w× I RbgZ m„wói Rb¨ mfv, mwgwZ, †mwgbvi Ges RvZxq m¤úªPvi gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z wbqwgZ Abyôvb cÖPv‡ii e¨e ’v Kiv|

4. K‡Vvi kvw —i e¨e ’v Kivt evsjv‡`‡k gv`K ªe¨ †PvivPvjvb, Drcv`b I e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ‡`i K‡Vvi kvw —`v‡bi e¨e ’v MÖnY| G Rb¨ 1988 mv‡ji cÖYxZ wec¾bK gv`K ªe¨ AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨e ’v MÖnY AZ¨vek¨K| gv`Kvmw³i wei“‡× cÖYxZ KwVb `Û m¤^wjZ D³ AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨e ’v MÖnY e¨ZxZ G cÖeYZv n«vm Kiv m¤¢e bq|

5. AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix ms ’v‡K mwµq Kiv t †eAvBbx gv`K ªe¨ Drcv`b, mieivn I e¨emv e‡Üi j‡¶¨ cywjk I ïé wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v‡`i we‡kl cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e ’v MÖnY|

6. A‰ea Jla KviLvbv eÜ †NvlYv Kiv t jvB‡mÝwenxb Jl‡ai †`vKvb eÜ Kiv Ges wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© e¨ZxZ †bkv Drcv`bKvix Jla wewµi Dci K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv Rvwi Kiv|

7. Bgvg I Avwjg mgv‡Ri f‚wgKvt gmwR‡`i Bgvg I AvwjgMY gv`Kvmw³i ¶wZKi w`K m¤ú‡K© IqvR-bmxnZ `vb Kivi gva¨‡g Gi we —„wZ †iva Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

8. Avš—R©vwZK ms ’vi `vwqZ¡t we‡k¦i mKj †`k I ms ’v‡K gv`K ª‡e¨i e¨vcv‡i mZK© n‡Z n‡e| Gi Drcv`b, mieivn I cvPvi †iva K‡í Avš—R©vwZK ms ’vmg~‡ni Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| gv`Kvmw³‡K wbi“rmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ mgvR Kj¨vYg~jK ms ’v¸‡jv we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.8 ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| eûwbe©vPbxK cÖkœ : mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| K) gv`Kvmw³ ej‡Z eySvq: K. gv`K ªe¨ L. gv`K ª‡e¨i cÖwZ Avmw³

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-255

M. g` N. wewo, wmMv‡iU LvIqv L) †KvbwU gv`K ªe¨ bq- K. MuvRv L. Avwdg M. gvwiRyqvbv N. cvb mycvix M) Aí cwigvY gv`K ªe¨ MÖnY Kiv wK? K. nvjvj L. nvivg M. gvK&iƒn N. †Kvb DËi mwVK bq N) c„w_exi †Kvb ag©B Aby‡gv`b K‡i bvB- K. a~gcvb Kiv L. cvb LvIqv M. gv`Kvmw³ N. cÖv_©bv Kiv

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb| K. g`, uvRv I wn‡ivBb‡K gv`Kvmw³ e‡j| L. mKj †bkv RvZxq ªe¨‡K g` e‡j|

M. gv`K ªe¨ Aí cwigvY cvb Kiv nvjvj| N. ivmvqwbKfv‡e gv`K ªe¨ Drcvb Kiv hvq|

3| Wvb cv‡ki mwVK kã Øviv evg cv‡ki ev‡K¨ wgj Ki“b| K. cÖK…wZ †_‡K †h gv`K ªe¨ cvIqv hvq Zv Avµvš— nq L. ivmvqwbK gv`K ªe¨ †ewk me©MÖvnx

M. gv`Kvmw³ mvgwqK Avb›` w`‡jI ¶wZKi w`KUv ¶wZ K‡i N. gv`Kvmw³i d‡j h²v, RwÛm I nv‡U©i fv‡j¦i ˆeKj¨ †iv‡M cÖvK…wZK gv`K ªe¨ 4| GK K_vq DËi w`b| K. j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z †h gv`K ªe¨ Drcbœ nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?

L. †LRy‡ii †_‡K †Kvb RvZxq gv`K ªe¨ cvIqv hvq? M. ÒmKj †bkv RvZxq ªe¨ g`, Avi hveZxq g`B nvivgÓ- GwU Kvi evYx?

N. gv`K ªe¨ Kq fv‡M wef³?

5| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“b- K) cÖvK…wZK AwaKvskB ........... †_‡K Drcbœ| L) ........... Rxeb‡K ........... w`‡K ........... †`q|

M) ........... Pvq ........... gva¨‡g †Zvgv‡`i‡K ........... I ........... †_‡K ........... ivL‡Z|

N) ........... Rxebxkw³ ........... K‡i †`q|

6| ms‡¶‡c DËi w`b| K. gv`K ªe¨ wKfv‡e Drcbœ Kiv hvq? wjLyb| L. gv`K ªe¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. Abyev` Ki“b-

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-256

7| iPbvg~jK DËi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b| K. gv`Kvmw³ Kx? we —vwiZ wjLyb| L. gv`K ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki“b| M. gv`Kvmw³i cwiYvg dj D‡j−L Ki“b|

N. gv`Kgy³ mgvR MV‡bi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© we —vwiZ wjLyb|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-257

9 cvV

AcPq

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- AcPq Kx, Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb

AcP‡qi cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 8.9.1 AcPq Kx? gvbyl Avkivdzj gvLjyKvZ ev m„wói †miv Rxe| Zvi Rxeb avi‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖZ¨n wewfbœ wRwb‡mi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Avj−vn Zvqvjv gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡bvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ wbqvgZ `vb K‡i‡Qb| G ¸‡jvi h_vh_ e¨envi Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| Avi G mKj wRwbmcÎ ev Dcvq-DcKiY cv‡ci Kv‡R ev Ab¨vqfv‡e ev AcÖ‡qvR‡b hLb e¨q Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K AcPq e‡j| GK K_vq cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ LiP Kiv‡K AcPq e‡j|

Rxeb avi‡Yi R‡b¨ wejvwmZv AcPq wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| ZvQvov K…cYZvI GK ai‡bi AcPq| KviY, K…cY e¨w³iv Zv‡`i m¤ú` h_vh_fv‡e e¨q K‡i bv| wb‡Riv †fvM K‡i bv Ges Ab¨‡`i‡K †fvM Ki‡Z †`q bv| Zviv m¤ú` Kyw¶MZ K‡i ivL‡Z Pvq| d‡j GK mg‡q †`Lv hvq, wewfbœfv‡e Zv bó n‡q wM‡q‡Q| GUv GK ai‡bi AcPq|

cÖ‡qvRbgZ m¤ú‡`i h_vh_ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g AcPq †iva Kiv hvq|

8.9.2 AcPq-Gi cwiYvg AcPq Kiv fvj KvR bq| KviY AcPq Ki‡j A‡bK mgq Afv‡e co‡Z nq| y:L-Kó †fvM Ki‡Z nq| AcP‡qi d‡j abxi m¤ú`I GKw`b wb:†kl n‡q hvq Ges Zvi Rxe‡b †b‡g Av‡m `wi ªZv| AcPqKvix cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e Akvwš—i gv‡S w`b KvUvq| Zvi ¿x I mš—vbMY Pig Kó †fvM K‡i| AcPqKvix‡K Bmjvg KL‡bv cQ›` K‡i bv| AcPqKvixi AcPq †iv‡ai Rb¨ Bmjvg me mgq AcPqKvix‡K wb›`v K‡i‡Q| G wel‡q cweÎ KziAv‡b Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jbÑ

D”PviY t Iqvjv Zzevh&whi Zvewhiv| Bbœvj gyevhwhixbv Kvb~ BLIqvbvk kBqvZ¡xb| (ebx BmjvCj-27)

ÒAvi †Zvgiv wKQy‡ZB Ace¨q K‡iv bv! wbðq Ace¨qKvixiv kqZv‡bi fvB|Ó (m~iv ebx BmivCj : 26, 27)

Bgvg gvwjK (i) e‡jb- nvjvj ev ˆea c‡_ A_© DcvR©b K‡i A‰ea c‡_ e¨q Kiv‡K AcPq e‡j| Avi GUv nvivg| Bgvg KziZzex (i) e‡jb- nvivg I A‰ea Kv‡R GK w`invg LiP KivI AcPq Ges ˆea I Aby‡gvw`Z Kv‡R mxgvwZwi³ LiP Kiv, AcPq †Kbbv Gi Øviv fwel¨‡Z AfveMÖ — n‡q covi AvksKv †_‡K hvq|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-258

Dwj−wLZ Avqv‡Zi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j Ges ewY©Z gymwjg AvBbwe`‡`i Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GK_vB cÖgvwYZ †h, Ace¨q ev AcPq DfqB Mwn©Z Ges wbwl× KvR| G KvR †_‡K Avgv‡`i mKj‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.9

‰be©¨vw³K DËi cÖkœ 1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| K) Avkivdzj gvLjyKvZ †K? K. †d‡ikZvMY L. bex-ivm~jMY M. gvbyl N. wRb RvwZ L) AcPq wKfv‡e †iva Kiv hvq? K. K…cYZv K‡i L. UvKv-cqmv e¨vs‡K †i‡L L. Avj−vni weav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ K‡i N. †Kvb DËiB wVK bq| M) K…cYZv GK ai‡bi- K. AcPq L. wgZe¨wqZv M. m¤ú` AcP‡qi KviY N. gvbweK ¸Y N) AcPq Kiv fvj KvR bq †Kb? K. AcPq Ki‡j m¤úK bó nq L. Afve †`Lv †`q M. `wi ªZv †b‡g Av‡m N. mKj DËi mwVK

2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb| K) AcPqKvix cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e Akvwš— †fvM K‡i|

L) AcPqKvix‡K Bmjvg cQ›` K‡i| M) hw` Ab¨vq I A‡nZzK Kv‡R mvgvb¨ cwigvY e¨q Kiv nq Z‡e Zv Ace¨q wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e|

N) nvjvj c‡_ DcvR©b K‡i nvivg c‡_ e¨q Kiv‡K AcPq e‡j|

3| Wvb cv‡ki mwVK kã e¨envi K‡i evg cv‡k evK¨ m¤ú~Y© Ki“b| K) AcPq Ki‡j A‡bK mgq cÖ‡qvR‡b K‡ivbv L) †Zvgiv wKQy‡ZB Ace¨q Afve †`Lv †`q

M) nvivg I A‰eaKv‡R GK w`invg e¨q KivI wbqvgZ w`‡q‡Qb N) Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨q Kiv AcPq

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-259

4| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“b| K) ........... Avkivdzj gvLjyKvZ ev ........... †miv ........... Rxe|

L) ........... e¨w³ Zv‡`i ........... h_vh_fv‡e ........... K‡i bv| M) ........... Kiv ........... KvR bq| KviY ........... Ki‡j ........... †fvM ........... nq

N) Aby‡gvw`Z Kv‡R ........... LiP Kiv, hvÏi“b fwel¨‡Z ........... ........... n‡q covi ........... †`Lv †`q ........... GUvI ........... Aš—f©y³|

6| ms‡¶‡c cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b| K) AcPq Kx? wjLyb| L) Abyev` Ki“b

M) AcPqKvix‡K Bmjvg cQ›` K‡i bv †Kb?

7| iPbvg~jK DËi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b| K) AcPq ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb? Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

L) AcPq Kivi cwiYvg ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-260

10 cvV

nvivg DcvR©b

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- nvivg DcvR©b Gi cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡eb| nvivg DcvR©‡bi Kzdj ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

nvjvj DcvR©‡bi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 8.10.1 nvivg DcvR©b nvivg nvjv‡ji wecixZ| nvjvj †hgb ˆea, nvivg †Zgwb A‰ea I wbwl×| gvbyl Avj−vni m„wói †miv Rxe| Avj−vn cvK gvbyl‡K †hgb m„wói †miv K‡i‡Qb †Zgwb Zvi R‡b¨ cweÎ Lv‡`¨i e¨e ’v K‡i‡Qb| Avi cweÎ Lv`¨-DcvR©b dih K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| b¨vq bxwZi wfZi †_‡K gvbyl‡K †ivRMvi ev DcvR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi GUvB Bmjv‡gi weavb, wKš—z gvbyl b¨vq-bxwZ fy‡j wM‡q gvbeZv we‡ivax I gvby‡li R‡b¨ ¶wZKi cš’vq Avq-DcvR©b K‡i _v‡K| Avi G DcvR©bB nvivg DcvR©b| †h mKj cš’vq nvivg DcvR©b Kiv nq Zv njt ● KvD‡K cÖZviYv K‡i A_© Av`vq Kiv| ● Qj-PvZzix K‡i A_© DcvR©b Kiv| ● wRwbm-c‡Î †fRvj w`‡q †µZv‡K VwK‡q †h A_© DcvR©b Kiv Ges Gi gva¨‡g †ewk gybvdv Kiv| ● wewµi mgq IR‡b Kg †`qv Ges µ‡qi mgq IR‡b †ewk †bqv| ● Pywi K‡i m¤ú`kvjx nIqv| ● WvKvwZ K‡i gvby‡li m¤ú` wQwb‡q †bqv| ● wQbZvB Kiv, ● my` LvIqv, ● Nyl LvIqv, ● nvivg e¨emv‡qi gva¨‡g A_© DcvR©b Kiv| ● kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Kv‡iv m¤ú‡`i gvwjK nIqv| 8.10.2 nvivg DcvR©‡bi Kzdj Bmjv‡g nvivg DcvR©b m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbwl×| nvivg DcvR©‡bi Øviv i“wR MÖnY Kiv Bmjvg mg_©b K‡i bv| gnvbex (m:) nvivg DcvR©b‡K wbi“rmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| gnvbex (m:) e‡jb-

D”PviY t jv-Bqv`Lyjyj RvbœvZv jvngyb bvevZv wgbvQ Qyn&wZ IqvKzj−y jvn&wgb bvevZv wgbvQ Qyn&‡Z KvbvwZb& bvi“ AvIjv wewn|

Ò†h gvsm nvivg Lv`¨ Øviv e„w×cÖvß nq Zv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e bv Avi †h mKj gvsm nvivg Øviv e„w×cÖvß Zvi Rb¨ †`vhLB DËg ’vb|Ó (Avng` I `v‡igx)

Nyl LvIqv nvivg| †h e¨w³ Nyl MÖnY K‡i †m Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Nyl MÖnY nvivg Dcv‡q AwR©Z m¤ú`| Ny‡li Øviv AwR©Z m¤ú‡`i e¨vcv‡i gnvbex (m:) K‡Vvi fvlvq ûuwkqvix D”PviY K‡i‡Qb| gnvbex (m:) e‡jb-

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-261

ÒNyl `vZv I Nyl MÖnxZv Df‡qB Rvnvbœvgx|Ó

my` GKwU nvivg I A‰ea DcvR©b| my` AZ¨vPvi I †kvl‡Yi nvwZqvi| Bmjvg my`‡K wPiZ‡i wbwl× K‡i w`‡q‡Q| my‡`i AwbóZv my ~icÖmvix| my‡`i e¨vcK AwbóZvi Kvi‡Y Avj−vn Zvqvjv my` I my`‡Lvi Ges my`-Kvievix‡`i wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| my‡`i cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© gnvbex (m:) e‡jb-

Òmy` I e¨wfPvi hLb †Kvb †`‡k-kn‡i, MÖv‡g-M‡Ä e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i, ZLb Zv‡`i Dci Avj−vni Avhve Avmv Awbevh© n‡q hvq|Ó (gymbv‡` nvwKg)

ivmyj (m:) AviI e‡jb-

Ò†h my` Lvq, my` LvIqvq, Zv‡`i mv¶x nq I `wjj wj‡L Zv‡`i mK‡ji Dci Avj−vn Zvqvjv Awfm¤úvZ K‡i‡Qb|Ó (gymbv‡` Avng`, Avey `vD`)

GQvovI hZ cÖKv‡ii nvivg cš’vq DcvR©b Kiv hvq cÖwZwU cš’vB Bmjv‡g wbwl× Ges nvivg Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i Rxeb‡K cweÎ Ges cwi”Qbœ Kivi j‡¶¨ mKj cÖKvi nvivg DcvR©b †_‡K weiZ _vKv DwPZ| nvivg DcvR©b Øviv D`i c~wZ© K‡i Avj−vni Bev`vZ Ki‡j Zv Keyj nq bv|

8.10.3 nvjvj DcvR©‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Avj−vn Zvqvjvi Dci Cgvb Avbqb Kiv †hgb dih †Zgwb nvjvj DcvR©b KivI GKwU dih| nvjvj Lvevi LvIqv, nvjvj cqmvq ˆZwi †cvkvK cwiavb Kiv, nvjvj M„‡n evm Kiv BZ¨vw` me KvRB dih| nvjvj DcvR©b Ki‡jB G mKj wel‡q nvjvj I cweÎZv eRvq ivLv hvq| gnvbex (m:) nvjv‡ji ¸i“Z¡ cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb-

Ònvjvj DcvR©‡bi †Póv Kiv di‡hi ci Av‡iKwU dihÓ| (evqnvKx)

Bev`vZ Keyj nIqvi c~e©kZ© nj nvjvj i“wR| hvi i“wR nvjvj bq, Zvi hveZxq Bev`vZ h_v- mvjvZ, mvIg, nv¾, hvKvZ BZ¨vw` wKQyB Keyj n‡e bv| G R‡b¨ Bmjv‡g nvjvj i“wR DcvR©bKvix‡K Avj−vni c‡_ wRnv`Kvixi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm kix‡d ewY©Z n‡q‡QÑ

Ò†h e¨w³ nvjvj i“wR Øviv Zvi cwievi cÖwZcvj‡bi †Póvq e¨ — _v‡K, †m Avj−vni c‡_ wRnv`Kvixi

mgZ‚j¨|Ó

Bmjv‡g nvjvj Kv‡R, nvjvj DcvR©‡b Ges nvjvj cš’vq me ai‡bi kª‡gi gh©v`v i‡q‡Q| RxweKv AR©‡bi R‡b¨ cwikªg Kiv‡K Bmjv‡g Bev`vZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Q| nvjvj DcvR©b mK‡ji Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi| nvjvj DcvR©b Ges nvjvj DcvR©b Øviv RxweKv wbe©vn Kiv Bmjvgx Rxebe¨e ’vq LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-262

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.10

ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b K) †KvbwU nvivg DcvR©b bq? K. my` LvIqv L. Nyl jIqv L. wRwbm c‡Î †fRvj †`qv N. wbqg-bxwZi gva¨‡g †ivRMvi Kiv

L) nvjvj Dcv‡q DcvR©b Kiv wK? K. dih L. mybœvZ M. IqvwRe N. †gvevn& M) nvivg‡K A¯xKvi Kiv wK? K. Kzdi L. dvwmK M. wkiK N. we`AvZ N) Nyl-MÖnY Kivi cwiYvg wK? K. Kvwdi L. Rvnvbœvg M. cvc N. 10wU †eÎvNvZ 2| DËi mwVK n‡j Ôm' Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ôwg' wjLyb| K) nvivg †hgb ˆea, nvivg †Zgb wbwl×| L) fvj wRwb‡mi g‡a¨ Lvivc wRwbm wgwk‡q wewµ Kiv nvivg| M) Kv‡R duvwK w`‡q A_© DcvR©b Kiv nvivg bq| N) my` †L‡j Avj−vni Avhve Av‡m| 3| Wvb cv‡ki kã †_‡K mwVK kã evQvB K‡i evg cv‡ki ev‡K¨ wgj Ki“b| K) my` GKwU nvivg I A‰ea Df‡q Rvnvbœvgx L) †h my` Lvq Avi †h my` †`q DcvR©b M) †h my` Lvq Avi †h Kv‡iv m¤ú‡`i gvwjK nIqv Aciva N) my` LvIqv e¨wfPv‡ii b¨vq RNb¨ nvivg 4| GK K_vq DËi w`b| K) my` m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb Kx? L) nvjvj DcvR©b Kiv Kx? M) Bev`vZ Keyj nIqvi c~e©kZ© Kx? N) nvjvj DcvR©b‡K wK‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 5| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“b| K) ........... Dci ........... Avbv †hgb ........... †Zgwb ........... DcvR©b Kiv ...........| L) ........... Keyj nIqvi ........... n‡”Q ........... DcvR©b| M) ........... Lvevi LvIqv, ........... †cvkvK ........... Kiv, ........... M„‡n ev Kiv ........... ...........| N) ........... DcvR©b Øviv ........... K‡i ........... Bev`vZ Ki‡j Zv ........... ........... bv|

6| ms‡K¶‡c DËi w`b| K) Abyev` Ki“b

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-263

L) K‡qKwU nvivg DcvR©‡bi bvg wjLyb| M) nvivg DcvR©b Kiv Kx?

7| iPbvg~jK DËi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b K) nvivg DcvR©b Kx? we —vwiZ wjLyb| L) nvivg DcvR©‡bi Kzdj eY©bv Ki“b| M) nvjvj DcvR©‡bi ¸i“Z¡ eY©bv Ki“b|

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-264

11 cvV

cÖZviYv

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- cÖZviYv m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖZviYvi Kzdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

9.11.1 cÖZviYv Kx? cÖZviYv Am”Pwi‡Îi GKwU wbK…ôZg D`vniY| GUv GKwU gvivÍK PvwiwÎK †`vl| GwU GKwU mvgvwRK Aciva| cÖZviYvi Kvi‡Y mgvR-mf¨Zv aŸs‡mi gy‡LvgywL uvovq| cÖZviYv Øviv gvbyl‡K VKv‡bv ev duvwK †`qv nq| †h mKj Kv‡R cÖZviYv Kiv nq Zv nj- ● wek¦vm f½ Kiv ● †Kvb wRwb‡mi †`vl †Mvcb K‡i wewµ Kiv| ● gv‡c Kg †`qv I †ewk †bqv| ● †ewk `v‡gi wRwb‡mi mv‡_ Kg `v‡gi wRwbm wgwk‡q wewµ Kiv| ● wg_¨v Kmg K‡i A‡b¨i nK bó Kiv| ● fvj wRwbm †`Lv‡q wewµi mgq Lvivc wRwbm †`qv| ● we‡`kx †gvo‡K †`kx cY¨ wewµ K‡i †avKv †`qv| ● nvm-gyiwM, KeyZi cÖf…wZ IR‡b †ewk nIqvi R‡b¨ †c‡U cv_i, KsKi I AwaK Lv`¨ fwZ© K‡i †`qv| ● Mvfx, gwnl, QvMj wewµ Kivi Av‡M —‡b ya Rgv K‡i †ewk †evSv‡bv| ● wRwbmc‡Îi Dc‡i fvj wRwbm †i‡L wfZ‡i Lvivc wRwbm XzwK‡q ivLv Ges wewµi mgq Zv wewµ Kiv| ● AwaK gybvdv jv‡fi R‡b¨ webv Kvi‡Y wRwbmc‡Îi msKU m„wó K‡i g~j¨ e„w× Kiv|

8.11.2 cÖZviYvi Kzdj cÖZviYv GKwU mvgvwRK Aciva| gvbyl cÖZviYvKvix‡K fvjev‡m bv eis Zv‡K N„Yv K‡i| Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z cÖZviYv AZ¨š— N„wYZ I Mwn©Z KvR| Bmjvg cÖZviYv I †auvKv †`qvi cš’v‡K nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Q| cÖZviYv µq-weµq m¤ú‡K©B †nvK wKsev Ab¨vb¨ gvbexq e¨vcv‡B †nvK, †Kvb µ‡gB ˆea bq| Bmjv‡gi weavb n‡”Q, mKj e¨vcv‡iB gvbyl mZZvI b¨vqcivqYZv Aej¤^b Ki‡e| Kv‡RB †auvKv I cÖZviYvi ’vb Bmjv‡g †bB|

cÖZviYv wg_¨vi bvgvš—i| wg_¨v †hgb N„Y¨ KvR; cÖZviYv I †Zgwb N„Y¨| GwU GKwU mgvR‡ ªvnx KvR Ges gnvcvc| gnvbex (m:) e‡j‡Qb-

D”PviYt gvb Mvk&kv dv-jvBQv wgbœv|

Ò†h e¨w³ cÖZviYv K‡i, †m Avgv‡`i gymwjg D¤§Zf©y³ bq|Ó cÖZviYv Øviv AwR©Z RxweKv nvivg| Avi †h †`n nvivg DcvR©b Z_v i“wR Øviv cwicyó nq †m †`n Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e|

Bmjvg wk¶v

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-265

cÖZvi‡Ki cÖwZ Avj−vn I †d‡ikZv‡`i Awfkvc ewl©Z nq| gnvbex (m:) e‡jb, Ò†h e¨w³ †`vlhy³ cY¨ wewµ K‡i Ges †µZv‡K †`v‡li K_v Rvbvq bv, Ggb e¨w³ me©`v Avj−vni Kv‡Q N„wYZ Ges †d‡ikZvMY me©`v Zv‡K Awfkvc w`‡Z _v‡Kb|

cÖZviYvKvixi cÖwZ Awfm¤úvZ K‡i Avj−vn Zvqvjv e‡jb-

Ònxb VKevRiv aŸsm †nvK| hviv †jvK‡`i KvQ †_‡K MÖnY Kivi mgq cy‡ivcywi MÖnY K‡i| wKš—z Ab¨‡K †g‡c I IRb K‡i †`qvi mgq Kg †`q|Ó (m~iv Avj gyZvd&wdwdb t 3)

cÖZviYvKvix Cgvb`vi bq| †Kbbv Cgvb`vi KL‡bv cÖZviYv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| gnvbex (m:) e‡jb- Ò†h Avgv‡`i wei“‡× A ¿aviY K‡i †m Avgvi D¤§Z bq| Avi †h Kv‡iv mv‡_ cÖZviYv K‡i †m Avgv‡`i gymwjg `jfy³ bq|Ó (gymwjg) cÖZviYv wg_¨viB Av‡iK iƒc| wg_¨vi mvnv‡h¨ †hgb cÖK…Z mZ¨ †Mvcb Kiv nq, cÖZviYvi gva¨‡gI †Zgwb ev —e I cÖK…Z Ae ’v‡K †Mvcb I Avovj Kiv nq| A‡bK mgq cÖZviYvi gva¨‡g wg_¨vi †P‡qI †ewk ¶wZ Kiv nq| cÖZviYv †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv Avgv‡`i KZ©e¨|

cÖZviYv ZvKIqvi cwicš’x KvR| gywgb e¨w³ KL‡bv cÖZviYvi Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡i bv| hviv cÖZviYv K‡i, Zviv KL‡bv gyËvKx n‡Z cv‡i bv|

mvivsk cÖZviYv AvLjv‡K hvgxgv ev wbK…ó AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ RNY¨Zg AvPiY| Bmjvg cÖZviYv Kiv‡K nvivg K‡i w`‡q‡Q| cÖZviYvKvix gymwjg D¤§Zfy³ bq| cÖZviYvKvix Rvnvbœv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| cÖZviYvKvix Cgvb`vi I gymjgvb _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Avj−vn I Zuvi †d‡ikZv mKj cÖZviYvKvixi Dci Awfm¤úvZ K‡ib| myZivs G iKg Mwn©Z KvR †_‡K Avgv‡`i mKj‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb: 8.11

ˆbe©¨w³K DËi cÖkœ 1| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK(✓) wPý w`b| K) cÖZviYv wK‡mi D`vniY? K. WvKvwZi L. Am”Pwi‡Îi

M. e¨emv‡qi N. †KvbUvB mwVK bq|

L) †KvbwU cÖZviYv bq? K. gv‡c Kg †`Iqv I †ewk †bqv L. wek¦vm f½ Kiv

M. wbæ gv‡bi wRwbm wewµ Kiv N. wg_¨v Kmg LvIqv I †auvKv †`qv| M) Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z cÖZviYv Kiv-

K. ˆea L. nvivg

L. we`AvZ N. gvKiƒn

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU AvU c„ôv-266

2| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k Ôm' Avi f‚j Dˇii cv‡k Ôwg' wjLyb| K) cÖZviYvKvix Cgvb`vi I gymjgvb †_‡K ewnf©~Z bq| L) gywgb e¨w³MY KL‡bv cÖZviYvi Avkªq wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| M) cÖZviYv Kiv wg_¨vi Av‡iK iƒc| N) Mvfx ev gwnl wewµ Kivi Av‡M —‡b ya Rgv K‡i †ewk †`Lv‡bv nvivg| 3| Wvb cvk †_‡K mwVK kã e¨envi K‡i evg cv‡ki evK¨ wgj Ki“b| K) cÖZviYv GKwU mvgvwRK cÖZviYv L) Bmjv‡g †avKv I cÖZviYvi aŸs‡mi gy‡LvgyLx nq M) fvj wRwbm †`wL‡q wewµi mgq Lvivc wRwbm †`qv cÖZviYv N) cÖZviYvi Kvi‡Y mgvR mf¨Zv †ivM 4| GK K_vq DËi w`b| K) †h cÖZviYv K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? L) †Kvb wRwb‡mi †`vl †Mvcb K‡i wewµ Kiv Kx? M) cÖZviYv Øviv gvbyl‡K Kx Kiv nq? N) cÖZviYv Øviv RxweKv AR©b Kiv †Kgb? 5| k~b¨ ’vb c~iY Ki“b| K) ........... Cgvb`vi bq, †Kbbv ........... KL‡bv ........... Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| L) A‡bK mgq ........... gva¨‡g ........... †P‡qI †ewk ........... Kiv nq| M) cÖZviYKvix ........... cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z| N) ........... I Zuvi †d‡ikZvMY ........... Dci ........... K‡ib| 6| ms‡¶‡c cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi w`b| K) cÖZviYv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? wjLyb| L) cÖZviYvi wZbwU D`vniY w`b|

M) Abyev` Ki“b 7| msw¶ß DËi cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b K) †h mKj Dcv‡q cÖZviYv Kiv nq Zv wjLyb| L) ms‡¶‡c cÖZviYvi Kzdj eY©bv Ki“b|

P~ovš— g~j¨vqb : 8

wek` DËi cÖkœ 1. A‰bwZKZv Kx? A‰bwZKZvi Kzdj eY©bv Ki| A‰bwZKZv †iv‡a Bmjv‡gi wk¶v Zz‡j ai“b| (8.1.1-

8.1.3) 2. wg_¨v Kx? wg_¨v †Kgb Aciva Ges wg_¨vi cwiYwZ Kx? wjLyb| (8.2.1 - 8.2.3) 3. MxeZ ev ciwb›`v ej‡Z Kx eySvq? Mxe‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` I Gi cwiYvg wjLyb| (8.3.1 - 8.3.3) 4. wnsmv-we‡Øl Kx? Gi mvgvwRK Kzdj eY©bv K‡i wnsmv we‡Øl m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi weavb eY©bv Ki“b|

(8.4.1 - 8.4.3) 5. wdZ&bv-dvmv` ev mš¿vm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? mš¿v‡mi KviY Ges mš¿vm `g‡bi Dci eY©bv Ki“b|

(8.5.1 - 8.5.3) 6. wLqvbZ Kx? wLqvb‡Zi Kzdj Ges G m¤úK© KziAvb I nv`x‡mi wk¶v wjLyb| (8.6.1 - 8.6.3) 7. a~gcvb Kx? a~gcv‡bi Kzdj Ges a~gcvb wbmi‡Yi Dci wjLyb| (8.7.1 - 8.74) 8. gv`Kvmw³ Kx? gv`K ªe¨ mg~n Kx Kx? gv`Kvmw³i cwiYvg Kx?