bdwbu rvzk - bangladesh open universityevsjv‡`k dš y³ wekwe`¨vjq †eŠ×ag© i ˆbwzk wkÿv...

BDwbU

8

RvZK

f~wgKv

GK R‡b¥i Kg©d‡j †KD ey× n‡Z cv‡ib bv| ey×Z¡ jv‡fi Rb¨ Rb¥-Rb¥všÍ‡ii cvigx c~iY K‡i cwiïw× AR©b

Ki‡Z nq| wm×v_© †MŠZg‡K eû KíKvj bvbvKz‡j bvbviƒ‡c Rb¥MÖnY K‡i †evwaÁvb ev ey×Z¡ jv‡fi Rb¨ mvabv

Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| cÖwZwU R‡b¥ wZwb Ô†evwamË¡Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ nb| †evwamË¡ cÖwZ R‡b¥ G‡KKwU KzkjKg© m¤úv`b

K‡ib| GK K_vq ejv hvq, †MŠZgey‡×i †evwamË¡iƒ‡c AZxZ Rb¥e„ËvšÍ I NUbvejxmg~n ÔRvZK KvwnbxÕ bv‡g

L¨vZ| RvZK cv‡V mr ¸Yvewj AR©b Kiv hvq Ges Av`k© Rxeb MVb Kiv hvq| me©Rx‡ei cÖwZ ˆgÎx, KiæYvI

RvMÖZ nq|

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n

cvV -8.1 : RvZK cwiwPwZ

cvV -8.2 : wek¦ mvwn‡Z¨ RvZ‡Ki cÖfve

cvV -8.3 : KvjKY©x RvZK

cvV -8.4 : M„aª RvZK

cvV -8.5 : kxjgxgvsmv RvZK

cvV -8.6 : ÿvwšÍev`x RvZK

ÔRvZKÕ k‡ãi Av_© n‡jv AZxZ Rb¥ e„ËvšÍ| wm×v_©

†MŠZg eû KíKvj bvbvKz‡j bvbviƒ‡c Rb¥MÖnY K‡i

†evwaÁvb ev ey×Z¡ jv‡fi Rb¨ mvabv K‡ib| cÖwZwU

R‡b¥ wZwb Ô†evwamË¡Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ nb| c~‡e©i Hme

ÔRb¥ KvwnbxÕ ev Rb¥ e„ËvšÍB n‡jv RvZK| G‡Z mr

¸Yvejx I Av`k© Rxeb MV‡bi B”Qv ev AvK•Lv

cÖwZfvZ nq|

cvV-8.1 RvZK cwiwPwZ

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

RvZK Kx Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

RvZ‡Ki DrcwË I RvZ‡Ki msL¨v ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

ˆbwZK I Av`k©Rxeb MV‡b RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã (Key Words)

†evwamË¡, AZxZ Rb¥e„ËvšÍ, mr¸Yvejx, Av`k©Rxeb, gvbweK g~j¨‡eva, kÖ×vkxj,

cigZmwnÂz, kvwšÍ-m¤úªxwZ|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq

BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 1 mßvn

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq †eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wkÿv

BDwbU-8 108

RvZK cwiwPwZ

ÔRvZÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Drcbœ, D™¢yZ I cÖm~Z| cvwj-evsjv Awfav‡b RvZ‡Ki A_© n‡jv Rb¥ m¤Üxq

Mí, †evwam‡Ë¡i wewfbœ Rb¥ m¤Üxq BwZe„Ë, †evwamË¡ Rxe‡bi c~e©Kvwnbx| myZivs RvZK k‡ãi A_©

n‡jv whwb Drcbœ ev Rb¥jvf K‡i‡Qb| ey‡×i c~e© Rb¥e„ËvšÍ †evSv‡ZB RvZK kãwU eëüZ nq| †MŠZg ey× wewfbœ

mg‡q wewfbœ NUbv Dcj‡ÿ wkl¨‡ì Zuvi AZxZ R‡b¥i Kvwnbx eY©bv Ki‡Zb| ey‡×i c~e©R‡b¥i H me

Kvwnbx¸‡jv‡KB ÔRvZKÕ ejv nq|

ey× nIqvi c~‡e© wm×v_© †MŠZg‡K eû KíKvj bvbvKz‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡i ey×Z¡ jv‡fi Rb¨ mvabv Ki‡Z n‡qwQj|

ZLb wZwb Ô†evwamË¡Õ bv‡g L¨vZ wQ‡jb| RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbx¸‡jv‡Z ey‡×i †evwamË¡ Rxe‡bi bvbv NUbvi eY©bv cvIqv

hvq| Kvwnbx¸‡jv mr ¸Yvewjm¤úbœ Ges Av`k© Rxeb MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i| G¸‡jv ˆbwZK I gvbweK wkÿvq mg„×|

RvZ‡Ki msL¨v 550 wU| ey× ey×Z¡ jv‡fi c~‡e© cvigx c~iYv‡_© 550 evi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †mB Abymv‡i 550 wU

RvZK _vKvi K_v| wKš‘ kªx Ckvb P›`ª †Nvl m¤úvw`Z RvZK MÖ‡š’ †gvU 547 wU RvZK Kvwnbxi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq|

G¸‡jv evBkwU Aa¨v‡q wef³| Kw_Z Av‡Q, 3wU RvZK Kvwnbx Kv‡ji M‡f© nvwi‡q †M‡Q|

ˆbwZK I Av`k©Rxeb MV‡b RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv

RvZ‡Ki mv‡_ ˆbwZKZv kãwU wbweofv‡e Rwo‡q i‡q‡Q| ˆbwZK wkÿvi Acwinvh© welq n‡jv RvZK| RvZ‡K †h

ˆbwZK welqmg~n cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Aej¤b K‡i Av`k© Rxeb I mgvR cÖwZôv Kiv hvq| ˆbwZK I Av`k© Rxeb

MV‡b RvZ‡Ki wkÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

RvZK myËwcU‡Ki LyÏK wbKv‡qi `kg MÖš’| GwU eûgvwÎK wkÿv I ˆbwZKÁv‡b ficyi| ag©xq kv‡¯¿i Aax‡b

n‡jI ¸YMZ êwkó¨ I Zvi cÖv‡qvwMKZv Ges Gi eûgvwÎK cÖvgvwYK Kvi‡Y RvZ‡Ki ¯vZwš¿K ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q|

nvRvi nvRvi eQ‡ii wkÿv I mf¨Zvi AvKiMÖš’ RvZK| gvbweK g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi Rb¨ GwU DrK…ó MÖš’| bxwZ

I Dc‡`‡ki †gŠwjK Auvavi wn‡m‡e RvZ‡Ki L¨vwZ wek¦e¨cx|

RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbx¸‡jv ˆbwZK I gvbweK wkÿvq mg„×| RvZ‡Ki Ab¨Zg we‡klZ¡ n‡jv M‡íi Q‡j PvwiwÎK weï×Zv

I DrKl© mvab Kiv| ey× KzkjK‡g©i mydj Ges AKzkjK‡g©i Kzdj †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbx¸‡jv ej‡Zb|

ZvB my›ì I mr Rxeb MV‡b RvZ‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|

RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbx¸‡jv a‡g©i Mfxi welqmg~n‡K mnRfv‡e Dcjw× Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Kvwnbx¸‡jv

wn‡Zvc‡`kg~jK| fv‡jv Kv‡R Drmvn †hvMvq, D`vi wP‡Ë `vb w`‡Z wkÿv †`q| cÖvYx nZ¨v, wg_¨v ejv, Pzwi Kiv,

e¨wfPvi Kiv, gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnY †_‡K weiZ _vKvi wkÿv †`q| Kvq, evK¨ Ges gb mshZ K‡i| mg¨K RxweKv

Aej¤‡b Drmvn †hvMvq| mgvR †_‡K RvwZ‡f` cÖ_v `~i Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| åvZ…Z¡‡eva RvwM‡q †Zv‡j|

cigZmwnòz Ges cia‡g©i cÖwZ kª×vkxj n‡Z wkÿv †`q| ZvQvov RvZ‡Ki Kvwnbx gvbyl‡K wkÿv †`q Z¨vM-

wZwZÿv, kvwšÍ-m¤cÖxwZ, ˆgÎx-KiæYv Ges †cÖg I Awnsmv| G‡Z ewY©Z Dc‡`k gvby‡l-gvby‡l m™¢ve I åvZ…Z¡‡eva

¯’vc‡b Abb¨mvaviY f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GK K_vq ejv hvq, ˆbwZK I Av`k© Rxeb MV‡b RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv

Acwimxg| Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki RvZ‡Ki wkÿv AbymiY Kiv Aek¨B KZ©e¨|

mvims‡ÿc :

ÔRvZÕ kã †_‡K RvZ‡Ki DrcwË| ÔRvZÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Drcbœ I cÖm~Z| ey‡×i c~e© Rb¥-e„ËvšÍ †evSv‡ZB

RvZK eënvi nq| ey× nIqvi Av‡M wm×v_© †MŠZg‡K eû KíKvj bvbvKz‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡i ey×Z¡ jv‡fi Rb¨

mvabv Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| mr Ges my›ì c‡_ cwiPvwjZ RxebB n‡jv Av`k©Rxeb| ey×Z¡&& jv‡fi Rb¨ wm×v_©‡K

550 evi Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| ZvB RvZ‡Ki msL¨v 550 wU| Gi g‡a¨ 3wU RvZK Kvwnbx Kv‡j M‡f© nvwi‡q

hvIqvq †gvU 547 wU RvZK Kvwnbxi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq|

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU-8 109

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-1 :

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b

1| ÔRvZKÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv whwb Drcbœ ev-

K. myL jvf K‡i‡Qb L. Rb¥jvf K‡i‡Qb

M. Avb›` jvf K‡i‡Qb N. ytL cÖvß n‡q‡Qb

2| Ô†evwamËÕ cÖwZwU R†b¥-

K. KykjKg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Zb L. g›`Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Zb

M. wPÎKg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Zb N. mvgvwRK Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Zb

DËigvjv : 1. L, 2. K


BDwbU-8 110

cvV-8.2 wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ RvZ‡Ki cÖfve

D‡Ïk¨


mvwnZ¨ wnmv‡e RvZ‡Ki g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ RvZ‡Ki cÖfve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


wPišÍb Drm, e„nr K_v, K_vmwir mvMi, ˆRb‡ì K_v‡Kvl, cÂZ› ª, Kz°zi I cÖwZwe¤,

Avie¨ Dcb¨vm, Ck‡ci Mí|

cvwj mvwn‡Z¨ ey‡×i c~e©Rb¥ ev Rb¥-Rb¥všÍ‡ii Rxeb Kvwnbxi NUbvcÖevnB ÔRvZKÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

RvZ‡K ey‡×i mgKvjxb Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi eû ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z‡_ï mÜvb cvIqv hvq| wek¦mvwn‡Zï

fvÐv‡i Mí-Dcb¨vm I bvUK cÖf„wZ iPbvi ÔwPišÍb DrmÕ wn‡m‡e RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv Acwimxg|

RvZ‡Ki iPbvKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kv_vI mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv D‡jøL ‡bB| Z‡e MÖ‡š’i Af¨šÍixY welqe¯‘ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j

Abygvb nq †h, RvZ‡Ki iPbvKvj Lªxó R‡b¥i 370 erm‡ii c~‡e©| Z…Zxq †eŠ× gnvm½xwZ †k‡l mgªvU A‡kvK

fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Ges Zvi cvk¦©eZx© ivóªmg~‡n †eŠ×ag© cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ ag© ~Z †cÖiY K‡ib|

ag© ~ZM‡Yi gva¨‡g wÎwcUK fviZe‡l©i mxgv Qvwo‡q cvk¦©eZx© eû †`‡k †cŠuQvq| RvZK †h‡nZz wÎwcU‡Ki Ask,

†m‡nZz wÎwcU‡Ki mv‡_ RvZK µ‡g †`k †`kvšÍ‡i cwie¨vß nq| †eŠ×a‡g©i mv‡_ mv‡_ RvZKI cÖvP¨-ga¨cÖvP¨ n‡q

cÖZx‡P¨ wM‡q †cŠu‡Q| hvi d‡j BD‡ivcxq cwÐZ‡ì Kv‡Q †eŠ× mvwnZ¨ I ag© m¤Üxq MÖš’ we‡kl AvKl©Yxq n‡q

D‡V|

cvim¨ ivRmfvq fviZxq cwÐZ I MÖxK `vk©wbK‡ì Avbv‡Mvbv wQj| RvZ‡Ki A‡bK c‡i e„nr K_v, cÂZš¿,

K_vmwirmvMi cÖf„wZ MÖš’ msKjb Kiv nq| e„nrK_v iwPZ n‡qwQj wLªóxq cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z| †mvg‡è GB Ôe„nrK_vÕ

Aej¤b K‡i iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb ÔK_vmwir mvMiÕ| RvZ‡Ki A‡bK Dc¨L¨vb G‡Z msKwjZ n‡qwQj| GB MÖ‡š’

‡eZvj cÂweskwZi wkweivR I evme`Ëvi K_v Ges Pzjø†kªôx RvZ‡Ki D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| †mvg‡è RvZK †_‡K

G¸‡jv AweKj MÖnY K‡i‡Qb GgbwU Abygvb Kiv hvq|

ms¯‹…Z fvlvq iwPZ ÔwmsnvmbØvwÎswkKvÕ, ÔïK mßwZÕ I ˆRb‡ì ÔK_v †Kv‡lÕ RvZ‡Ki cÖfve my¯úó fv‡e †`Lv

hvq| Lªxóc~e© 5g I 4_© kZvãxi MÖxK mvwn‡Z¨ RvZ‡Ki cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq| †WgwµUvm ewY©Z ÔKz°zi I cÖwZwe¤Õ

Avi †cø‡Uv ewY©Z Ôwmsn Pg©v”Qvw`Z M`©‡fiÕ Mí we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨| G `ywU DcvL¨vbB RvZ‡Ki Ask|

bvbv Kvi‡Y fviZe‡l©i †jv‡Ki mv‡_ wgk‡ii Awaevmx‡ì †gjv‡gkv n‡qwQj| d‡j G‡`kxq A‡bK Mí Zv‡ì

g‡a¨ cÖfvweZ nq| cÖvPxb MÖxK I †ivgKiv †m¸‡jv‡K ˆKwe‡mm ev Kvk¨c iwPZ e‡j wjwce× K‡ib| Hme cÖPwjZ

cÖv‡Pï K_vKvwnbx Aej¤b K‡i wLªóxq 2q kZvãx‡Z wbK‡÷ªUvm GK K_v‡Kvl iPbv K‡ib Ges †ek wKQz c‡i

‡eweªqvm bv‡g GKRb †ivgK †jLK MÖxK fvlvq Av‡iKUv Kv‡e¨ ÔCkcÕ cÖYqb K‡ib| G¸‡jv RvZ‡Ki Qvqv

Aej¤‡b iwPZ n‡qwQj| †eweªqvm cÖf„wZ iPwqZviv †h cÖv‡Pï Av`©‡k K_v¸‡jv iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi cÖgvY cÖ‡Z¨K


BDwbU-8 111

K_v‡Kv‡l Zvi Dc‡`k e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv RvZ‡Ki M‡íB cvIqv hvq| Dciš‘ ÔCk‡ci K_viÕ †ek wKQz Mí

ûeû RvZ‡KiB Mí|

ivav RvZ‡Ki g‡Zv K‡qKUv RvZK †h Avie¨ Dcb¨v‡m ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q ZviI cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| Avieevmx‡ì

ms¯ú‡k© G‡m wb‡MÖvivI RvZK K_v wk‡L‡Q| `wÿY Kv‡ivwjbvi wb‡MÖv wkïiv wigvm KvKvi †h Mí †kv‡b, †mUv

Ô‡køl‡ivg RvZKÕ Qvov Avi wKQz bq|

gnvKwe Pmvi Ô‡e`¤¢ RvZKÕ Aej¤‡b iPbv K‡i‡Qb Ôcv‡W©vbvm© †UjÕ| ejv hvq, RvZK †Kej †eŠ×ag© kv ¿ bq,

GwU mve©Rbxb mvwnZ¨ kv¯¿| GwU wek¦gq mvwnZ¨ wnmv‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GK K_vq wek¦mvwn‡Zï fvÐv‡i Mí,

Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ cÖf„wZ iPbvi wPišÍb Drm wnmv‡e RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv Acwimxg| G Kvi‡Y RvZK‡K cÖvPxb

BwZnv‡mi Abb¨ Drm ejv nq|

mvims‡ÿc :

ey‡×i c~e©R‡b¥i Rxeb Kvwnbxi NUbvcÖevnB ÔRvZKÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| RvZ‡K ey‡×i mgKvjxb Av_©-mvgvwRK

Ae¯’vi eû Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv GLv‡b mxgve× bq| wek¦mvwnZ¨ fvÐv‡i Mí Dcb¨vm, bvUK cÖf„wZ

iPbvi ÔwPišÍb DrmÕ wnmv‡eI RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv Acwimxg| G Kvi‡Y RvZK‡K cÖvPxb BwZnv‡mi Abb¨ Drm ejv

nq| avibv Kiv nq, RvZ‡Ki iPbvKvj wLªó R‡b¥i 370 erm‡ii c~‡e©| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwÐ‡Zi g‡Z RvZ‡Ki

iPbvKvj gnvKve¨ ivgvqY I gnvfvi‡Zi †P‡qI cÖvPxb| cÖvPxb wgki, MÖxK I †ivgvb‡ì A‡bK M‡í RvZ‡Ki

M‡íi AbyKiY †`Lv hvq| wLªóvb‡ì ÔCl‡ci K_viÕ †ek wKQy Mí ûeû RvZ‡Ki Qvqv Aej¤‡b iwPZ|

Avieevmx‡ì ms¯ú‡k© G‡m wb‡MÖvivI RvZKK_v wk‡L‡Q| ivav RvZ‡Ki g‡Zv K‡qKUv RvZK Avie¨ Dcb¨v‡m

ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q ZviI cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| G †_‡K aviYv Kiv nq RvZK †Kej †eŠ×ag© kv¯¿ bq, RvZ‡Ki evYx

mve©Rbxb| GwU wek¦gq mvwnZ¨ wnmv‡e me©Î M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| hy‡M hy‡M wek¦mvwnwZ¨Kiv RvZK Kvwnbx¸‡jv Aej¤b

K‡i Mí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ cÖf„wZ iPbv Ki‡Qb|



1| gnvKwe Pmvi †Kvb Mí Aej¤‡b Ôcv‡W©vbvm †UjÕ iPbv K‡i‡Q?

K. kxjgxgvsmv RvZK L. NU RvZK

M. ïK RvZK N. †e`¤¢ RvZK

2| wb‡MÖv wkïiv wigvm KvKvi †h Mí †kv‡b Zv-

K. †køl †ivg RvZK L. wmsn P¤§ RvZK

M. gkK RvZK N. e„nr K_v

DËigvjv : 1. N, 2. K


BDwbU-8 112

cvV-8.3 KvjKYx© RvZK

D‡Ïk¨


Pwi‡Îi ¸Yvewji e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

eÜz Kv‡K e‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|


evivYmxivR, eªþ`Ë, eyw×gËv, Pwi‡Îi ¸Yv¸Y, mLv, ÁvwZi gh©v`v, wgÎ|

cyivKv‡j evivYmxivR eªþ`‡Ëi ivRZ¡Kv‡j †evwamË¡ GKRb weL¨vZ †kªôx wQ‡jb| KvjKYx© bv‡g Zuvi

GK wgÎ wQj| ˆkk‡e ‡m †evwam‡Ë¡i †Ljva~jvi mv_x wQj| GK mgq KvjKYx© mnvq-m¤jnxb n‡q

†evwam‡Ë¡i Kv‡Q Avkªq †bb| †evwamË¡ †eZb w`‡q Zv‡K wb‡Ri m¤úwË I evwoN‡ii ZË¡veavqK wbhy³

K‡ib| †mB †_‡K KvjKY©x Zvi Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z jvMj|

KvjKYx© †evwam‡Ë¡i m‡½ m‡½ _vK‡Zb| †evwamË¡ me mgq KvjKYx©‡K wewfbœ KvR Kiv‡Zb| Ab¨ eÜziv GKw`b

†evwamË¡‡K GKv †W‡K ej‡jb, Avcbvi IB eÜzi KvjKYx© bvg fv‡jv jv‡M bv| IB bvg ïb‡j hg ch©šÍ cvwj‡q

hvq| †jvKwU Avcbvi m‡½ _vKvi Dchy³ bq| PvjPz‡jvnxb GKwU †jvK‡K Avcwb eo †ewk m¤§vb w`‡”Qb|

KvjKYx© k‡ãi A_© †hgb Aj²x †Zgwb Zuvi m‡½ m‡½ Avcbvi N‡i Aj²x evmv euva‡Q| †evwamË¡ Zuv‡ì ej‡jb,

bvg w`‡q Kx Av‡m-hvq| bvg w`‡q KviI Pwi‡Îi ¸Yv¸Y gvcv hvq bv| Kv‡RB Ii bvg ïb‡jB Ag½j n‡e G

aviYv wVK bq| Avwg bv‡gi Rb¨ Avgvi evjëÜz‡K Z¨vM Kwi Kxfv‡e?

†kªôx †evwam‡Ë¡i GKwU †fvM MÖvg wQj| A_©vr Zuvi †fv‡Mi Rb¨ ivRv MÖvgwU Zuv‡K `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| †evwamË¡

GKw`b KvR Dcj‡ÿ †mB MÖv‡g wM‡qwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b Zuv‡K GK ivZ _vK‡Z n‡e| ZvB wZwb evwo cvnviv †Ìqvi

`vwqZ¡ KvjKYx©i nv‡Z w`‡q †M‡jb| GB my‡hv‡M WvKvZiv fvej, GLb †kªôx evwo‡Z †bB| iv‡Z Avgiv Zuvi evwo

jyV Kie| GB †f‡e Zviv †evwam‡Ë¡i evwo †NivI Kij| KvjKYx©i m‡›`n n‡jv, iv‡Z WvKv‡Ziv Avm‡Z cv‡i|

ZvB †m evwoi †jvKRb‡ì †W‡K, ÔXvK-‡Xvj evRvI, kuvL evRvIÕ e‡j evwo †Zvjcvo K‡i Zzjj| evwoi PvKimn

mevB wg‡j wPrKvi ïiæ Kij| ZvB ï‡b WvKv‡Ziv fvej, evwo‡Z †kªôx †bB GK_v wVK bq| evwo‡Z A‡bK †jvK

Av‡Q| bB‡j GZ ˆn ‰P wPrKvi †Kb? †eva nq †kªôx wd‡i G‡m‡Qb| GB †f‡e f‡q Zviv jvwV-‡mvUv, A¯¿-k¯¿

†d‡j cvwj‡q †Mj|

ciw`b WvKvZ‡ì †d‡j hvIqv A ¿-k¯¿ †`‡L mevB eyS‡Z cvij, MZiv‡Z WvKvZ `j G‡mwQj| ZLb †jv‡Kiv

KvjKYx©i eyw×i Lye cÖksmv Kij| Zvi Rb¨ †evwam‡Ë¡i abm¤úwË iÿv †c‡q‡Q-‡jv‡Kiv Giƒc ejvewj Ki‡Z

jvMj| †evwamË¡ MÖvg †_‡K wd‡i G‡m me K_v ïb‡jb| ZLb wZwb evwoi †jvK‡ì I eÜz‡ì ej‡jb, †Zvgiv

Avgvi eÜz KvjKYx©‡K Zvwo‡q w`‡Z e‡jwQ‡j| hw` †Zvgv‡ì K_vg‡Zv Avgvi eÜz‡K Zvwo‡q w`Zvg Zvn‡j AvR

Avgvi me nvivZvg| c‡_i wfLvwi n‡q †hZvg| bv‡gi ¸‡Y gvbyl fv‡jv nq bv, gvby‡li Avmj ¸Y _v‡K ü`‡q|

Zvici †kªôx †evwamË¡ KvjKYx©i †eZb evwo‡q w`‡jb Ges GKwU Mv_v fvlY Ki‡jb| †mB Mv_vi A_© n‡jv -


BDwbU-8 113

KviI m‡½ mvZ cv nuvU‡j Zv‡K eÜz WvKv hvq| evi w`b GKmv‡_ _vK‡j Zuv‡K mLv K‡i †bIqv hvq| c‡bi w`b ev

GKgvm GKmv‡_ KvUv‡j Zuv‡K ÁvwZi gh©v`v †Ìqv hvq| ZviI †ewkw`b GKmv‡_ _vK‡j Zuv‡K eÜz wn‡m‡e MÖnY

Kiv hvq| Avi KvjKYx© Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz| wb‡Ri my‡Li Rb¨ †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz‡K Kx Avwg `~‡i †V‡j w`‡Z

cvwi?

Dc‡`k: wec‡` eÜzi cixÿv nq|

mvims‡ÿc :

cyivKv‡j †evwamË¡ GKRb weL¨vZ †kªôx wQ‡jb| Zuvi KvjKY©x bv‡g GK ˆkk‡ei eÜz wQj| GKmgq KvjKY©x

mnvq m¤jnxb n‡q covq †evwamË¡ Zv‡K †eZb w`‡q wb‡Ri m¤úwË I evwoN‡ii ZË¡veavqK wbhy³ K‡ib|

KvjKY©xi cÖwZ †evwam‡Ë¡i fvjevmv †`‡L Ab¨ eÜziv wnsmy‡U n‡q c‡o| Zviv †evwamË¡‡K KvjKY©xi bv‡g bvbv

weiƒc gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| wKš‘ †evwamË¡ eÜz‡ì K_vq KY©cvZ Ki‡Zb bv| GKw`b Kv‡h©vcj‡ÿ †evwamË¡ GK

MÖv‡g wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi Abycw¯’‡Z WvKvZiv evwo jyU Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ evwo †NivI Kij| KvjKY©x WvKvZ‡ì

D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z †c‡i evwoi †jvKRb†ì †W‡K XvK-‡Xvj, kuvL cÖf„wZ evRv‡Z jvM‡jv| G‡Z WvKvZiv evwo‡Z

A‡bK †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ eyS‡Z †c‡i Zv‡ì jvwU-‡mvUv, A¯¿-k¯¿ †d‡j cvwj‡q †Mj| †evwamË¡ MÖvg †_‡K wd‡i

G‡m me ï‡b KvjKY©xi eyw×i cÖksmv Ki‡jb| KviY Zvi eyw×gË¡vi R‡b¨ †evwam‡Ë¡i ab-m¤úwË iÿv †c‡q‡Q|

Gici †evwamË¡ Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ eÜz‡ì †W‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb, Kv‡iv mv‡_ mvZ cv nuvU‡jB eÜz WvKv hvq| KvjKY©x

Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz| wec‡ì mgq †m eÜzi ab-m¤ú` iÿv K‡i eÜz‡Ë¡i cixÿvq DËxY© n‡q‡Q|



1| KvjKY©x wQj †evwam‡Ë¡i-

K. gš¿x L. †mbvcwZ

M. †Q‡j‡ejvi eÜz N. †hŠe‡bi eÜz

2| GK mv‡_ Kqw`b KvUv‡j mLv K‡i †bqv hvq?

K. GKgvm L. c‡bi w`b

M. evi w`b N. `k w`b

DËigvjv : 1. M, 2. M


BDwbU-8 114

cvV-8.4 M„aª RvZK

D‡Ïk¨


e„× evev-gv‡qi cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

mZZvi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


†evwamË¡iƒcx M„aª, kÖ×vkxj, Pig wec`, gvZ…-wcZ… fw³, kÖ×vkxj, mZëvw`Zv|

cyivKv‡j evivYmxi ivRv eªþ`‡Ëi mg‡q †evwamË¡ M„aª ev kKzb n‡q R‡b¥wQ‡jb| eo nIqvi ci wZwb

ey‡ov gv-evev‡K †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvjb Ki‡Zb| GK ce©‡Zi Ici kKzb‡ì wbR©b

¸nvq Zuviv _vK‡Zb| †evwamË¡ evivYmxi k¥kvb †_‡K g„Z Miæi gvsm G‡b gv I evev‡K LvIqv‡Zb|

†mB k¥kv‡b GK e¨va gv‡S gv‡S kKzb aivi Rb¨ duv` †c‡Z ivLZ| GKw`b †evwamË¡ †mLv‡b g„Z Miyi gvsm

LuyR‡Z ‡M‡jb| k¥kv‡b XyK‡ZB wZwb duv‡` AvU‡K co‡jb| ZLb wZwb fve‡jb, Avwg duv‡` AvU‡K †Mjvg GRb¨

Avgvi wPšÍv †bB, wKš‘ Avgvi ey‡ov gv-evev‡K †K LvIqv‡e? †Kgb K‡i Zuviv Rxeb evuPv‡e? †L‡Z bv †c‡j Zuviv

ce©‡Zi ¸nvq gviv hv‡e|

Giƒc wPšÍv Kivi ci wejvc Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wZwb ej‡jb, ÔÔwbôzi e¨v‡ai duv‡` Avwg AvU‡K c‡owQ| Avgvi Avi

D×vi cvIqvi Avkv †bB| wKš‘ Avgvi ey‡ov gv-evevi Kx n‡e? Zuv‡ì y`©kv †K NyPv‡e?Ó

M„‡ai GB wejvc ky‡b e¨va DË‡i ej‡jb, ÔÔKx `ytL ‡Zvgvi, wK‡mi `y`©kv? cvwL n‡qI gvby‡li g‡Zv fvlvq Gfv‡e

K_v ej‡Z Avwg KvD‡K †`wLwb| G †h fvwi A™¢yZ e¨vcvi!Ó

M„aª cybivq Zv‡K ej‡jb,

ÔÔAvgvi gv-evev Lye e„×| Avwg Zuv‡ì fiY-†cvlY Kwi| wKš‘ GLb Avwg †Zvgvi duv‡` ew›`| †K GLb Zuv‡ì

†`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡e?Ó

e¨va cybivq DË‡i ej‡jb,

ÔÔkKzbiv AvKv‡ki A‡bK Dci †_‡KI giv cÖvYx †`L‡Z cvq| wKš‘ Zzwg †Kb Zv †`L‡Z †c‡j bv? Kx Zvi

KviY?Ó

M„aª cybivq DËi w`‡jb,

ÔÔAvqy †kl n‡j RxeMY Kv‡Qi wRwbmI †`L‡Z cvq bv| Avwg †m iKg GB duv` †`L‡Z cvBwb|Ó ZLb e¨va Zv‡K

ej‡jb,ÔÔZzwg wb‡Ri Rb¨ bv †f‡e ey‡ov gv-evevi K_v fveQ †`‡L Avwg gy»| †mRb¨ †Zvgv‡K Avwg duv` †_‡K

gyw³ w`jvg| Zzwg wbf©‡q P‡j hvI, gv-evevi †mev K‡iv|Ó M„aª e¨v‡ai GB mü`q K_v ky‡b Zv‡K ej‡jb, ÔÔZzwg

e¨va n‡qI `qvevb| GRb¨ †Zvgvi g½j †nvK| AvZ¥xq‡ì m‡½ ZywgI myLx n‡e| Avwg Avgvi ey‡ov gv-evevi Kv‡Q

Pjjvg|Ó

†evwamË¡iƒcx M„aª g„Zzï nvZ †_‡K iÿv †c‡q e¨va‡K abëv` w`‡jb| Zvici k¥kvb †_‡K gy‡L K‡i gvsm wb‡q gv-

evevi Kv‡Q P‡j †M‡jb|


BDwbU-8 115

Dc‡`kt gv-evevi cÖwZ kª×vkxj I mZëv`xiv Pig wec` †_‡K iÿv cvb|

mvims‡ÿc :

cyivKv‡j evivYmxi ivRv eªþ`‡Ëi mg‡q †evwamË¡ kKzb ev M„aª n‡q R‡b¥wQ‡jb| ce©‡Zi Dci GK wbR©b ¸nvq

wZwb ey‡ov gv-evevi †`Lv-‡kvbv Ki‡Zb| wZwb k¥kvb †_‡K g„Z Miæi gvsm G‡b gv-evev‡K LvIqv‡Zb| GKw`b

†evwamË¡ k¥kv‡b e¨v‡ai cvZv duv‡` AvUKv co‡jb| AvUKv c‡o wZwb Zuvi AeZ©gv‡b ey‡ov gv-evevi `y`©kvi K_v

wPšÍv K‡i wejvc Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Zuvi wejvc ï‡b e¨va fvwi AevK nq| M„aª‡K gvby‡li fvlvq wejvc Ki‡Z

†`‡L †m Zuvi `y`©kvi KviY wR‡Ám Kij| †evwamË¡ Zvi gv-evevi me K_v e¨va‡K Rvbv‡jb| wZwb Zuvi wb‡Ri

K_v bv †f‡e ey‡ov gv-evevi Rb¨ fve‡Qb †`‡L e¨va Lywk n‡q †evwamË¡‡K gy³ K‡i w`‡jb| †evwamË¡iƒcx M„aª

g„Zzï nvZ †_‡K iÿv †c‡q e¨va‡K abëv` Ávcb K‡i gv-evevi †mev Ki‡Z P‡j †M‡jb| gv-evevi cÖwZ

kª×vkxj I mZëv`xiv Pig wec` †_‡KI iÿv †cj|



1| duv‡` AvUKv c‡o M„aª Kvi R†b¨ wejvc KiwQj?

K. UvKv-cqmvi Rb¨ L. eÜzi Rb¨

M. ey‡ov gv-evevi Rb¨ N. evwo-N‡ii Rb¨

2| g„Zzï nvZ ‡_‡K iÿv †c‡q M„aª-

K. e¨va‡K abëv` w`‡jb L. Lywk‡Z bvP‡Z jvM‡jb

M. Avnv‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡jb N. Mvb MvB‡Z jvM‡jb

DËigvjv : 1. M. 2. K


BDwbU-8 116

cvV-8.5 kxj gxgvsmv RvZK

D‡Ïk¨


kxjcvj‡bi gvnvZ¥¨ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

PwiÎ¸‡Yi †hvM¨Zv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


eskgh©v`v, abcvj, abfvÐvi, kxjag©, PwiÎevb|

evivYmxivR eªþ`‡Ëi ivR‡Z¡i mgq †evwamË¡ ivRvi cy‡ivwnZ wQ‡jb| wZwb bvbvwea cyY¨Kg© m¤úv`b

Ki‡Zb| `vb w`‡Zb Ges h_v wbq‡g cÂkxj cvjb Ki‡Zb| GRb¨ ivRv Ab¨ me eªvþ‡Yi PvB‡Z

Zuv‡K †ekx m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| GKw`b †evwamË¡ fve‡Z jvM‡jb, ivRv Avgv‡K Ab¨vb¨ eªvþ‡Yi PvB‡Z

†ekx m¤§vb K‡ib| wZwb Avgv‡K G‡Zv kª×v K‡ib †h wb‡Ri ¸iæ wn‡m‡e eiY K‡i‡Qb| GLb Avgv‡K †`L‡Z

n‡e, ivRv Avgv‡K G‡Zv kª×v I AbyMÖn †Kb K‡ib? Avwg G‡Zv AbyMÖn cvw”Q †mUv wK Avgvi eskgh©v`v I

we`¨vwkÿvi Rb¨? bvwK Avgvi Pwi‡Îi Rb¨?

GKw`b †evwamË¡ ivRvi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i evox‡Z wdievi mgq ivRvi abcv‡ji abfvÐvi †_‡K GKwU gy`ªv ev KvnY

Zz‡j wb‡jb| wZwb ivRvi cy‡ivwnZ wQ‡jb e‡j abcvj Zuv‡K kª×v Ki‡Zb| abcvj ZvB †`L‡Z ‡c‡qI wKQy

ej‡jb bv|

ciw`b eªvþY GKB fv‡e abcv‡ji abfvÐvi ‡_‡K `yB gy`ªv ev KvnY Pzwi Ki‡jb| †mw`bI abcvj †`‡LI wKQz

ej‡jb bv| Z…Zxq w`bI eªvþY GKgy‡Vv gy`ªv ev KvnY Zz‡j wb‡jb| ZLb abcvj wPrKvi K‡i e‡j DV‡jb, gnvkq!

AvR ch©šÍ cici wZbw`b Avcwb ivRvi ab Pzwi Ki‡Qb| ZviciB Av‡iv †Rv‡i †PuwP‡q DV‡jb, †Pvi a‡iwQ, ivRvi

m¤ú` †Pvi‡K a‡iwQ|

wPrKvi ï‡b Pviw`K †_‡K A‡bK †jvKRb Qz‡U G‡jv| Zviv mevB †evwamË¡‡K ej‡Z jvMj, Zzwg †Kgb VvKzi, Zzwg

bv G‡Zvw`b wb‡R‡K kxjevb e‡j cwiPq w`‡Z? Pj, †Zvgvq ivRvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvB| GB e‡j Zviv mK‡j

†evwamË¡‡K `wo w`‡q †eu‡a DËg ga¨g w`‡q ivRvi Kv‡Q wb‡q †Mj| ivRv me ï‡b `ytL cÖKvk K‡i Zuv‡K wR‡Ám

Ki‡jb, ÔeªvþY! Zzwg GKvR †Kb Ki‡jÕ? †evwamË¡ ej‡jb, Avwg †Pvi bB gnvivR|

ivRv wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, †Pvi bI ‡Zv GB Lvivc I j¾vi KvR Ki‡j †Kb?

ZLb †evwamË¡ ej‡jb, fvejvg, ivRv Avgv‡K †h m¤§vb †`b Zv Avgvi eskgh©v`vi Rb¨, bvwK PwiÎ¸‡Yi Rb¨ Zv

GKevi cixÿv K‡i †`wL| ZvB Avwg GUv cixÿv Kivi Rb¨ abcv‡ji abfvÐvi n‡Z gy`ªv ev KvnY Zz‡j wb‡qwQ|

GLb eyS‡Z cvijvg Pwi‡Îi Rb¨B Avgvi G‡Zv m¤§vb, eskgh©v`v ev we`¨vwkÿvi Rb¨ bq| c‡_ Avmvi mgq

†`Ljvg mc©iv kxjevb n‡Z cv‡i|


BDwbU-8 117

hvIqvi c‡_ eªvþY †`L‡jb, mvcy‡oiv mv‡ci †Ljv †`Lv‡”Q| mvcy‡oiv GK GKUv mv‡ci †jR a‡i, gyL a‡i

wb‡R‡ì Mjvq Rov‡”Q| Gme †`‡L †evwamË¡ mvcy‡o‡ì ej‡jb, I‡n mvcy‡o! mvcUv‡K Ifv‡e a‡iv bv| Mjvq I

fv‡e Rwo‡q wbI bv| nVvr Kvgo w`‡Z cv‡i| mv‡ci Kvg‡o †Zvgvi g„Zz¨ n‡e| mvcy‡o ZLb ejj, Avgv‡ì mvc

kxjevb| I AvPiY Rv‡b| Zviv †Zvgvi g†Zv Lvivc KvR K‡i bv| Zzwg ivRvi m¤ú` Pzwi K‡iQ Avi ZvB Giv

†Zvgvq †eu‡a ivRvi Kv‡Q a‡i wb‡q hv‡”Q|

GK_v ï‡b †evwamË¡ fve‡jb-mvc hw` bv Kvgovq ev AvNvZ bv K‡i, Zvn‡j mevB Zv‡K kxjevb e‡j| Avi gvbyl

n‡j †Zv K_vB †bB| Bn‡jv‡K kxjB me©‡kªô, Zvi PvB‡Z DrK…ó Avi wKQz †bB| myZivs Avwg GLb n‡Z kxjevb

n‡ev Ges wPiw`b wbôvi m‡½ kxj cvjb Kie| †evwamË¡ Avevi ivRv‡K ej‡jb, gnvivR! Avwg eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ

Rxe‡b kxj me‡P‡q DËg e¯‘| wKš‘ M„‡n †_‡K welq †fv‡M iZ n‡q wKQy‡ZB cÖK…Z kxjevb ev PwiÎevb n‡Z

cvi‡ev bv| ZvB Avwg w¯’i K‡iwQ, Avwg cÖeªR¨v MÖnY K‡i wngvj‡q Mgb Kie|

GKwU Mv_vi gva¨‡g kxjag© e¨vL¨v Kivi ci wZwb ivRvi Kv‡Q mbœ vm MÖn‡Yi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| ivRv Zuv‡K

AbygwZ `vb Ki‡j †evwamË¡ ZLbB cÖeªR¨v MÖnY K‡i wngvj‡q Mgb Ki‡jb|

Dc‡`kt kxjevb e¨w³ me©Î c~wRZ nq|

mvims‡ÿc :

evivYmxivR eª²`‡Ëi ivRZ¡Kv‡j GKevi †evwamË¡ ivRvi cy‡ivwnZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wbqwgZ `vb Ges cÂkxj

cvjb Ki‡Zb| Zuvi bvbvwea cyY¨Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ivRv Zuv‡K Ab¨me eªv²Y‡ì †P‡q †ewk m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| †evwamË¡


BDwbU-8 118

Zuvi GB m¤§v‡bi KviY wb‡q wPwšÍZ n‡jb| KviY Rvbvi Rb¨ wZwb evwo‡Z †divi mgq cÖwZw`b ivRvi fvÐvi

†_‡K gy`ªv ev KvnY Pzwi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| abcvj †`‡LI bv †`Lvi fvb Ki‡Zv| Z…Zxq w`‡b abcvj †evwamË¡‡K

Pzwii mgq nv‡Z-bv‡Z a‡i †dj‡jb| Zuv‡K DËg-ga¨g cÖ`vb K‡i ivRvi Kv‡Q wb‡q Avmv nj| ivRv me ï‡b

gg©vnZ n‡jb| wZwb †evwam‡Ë¡i g‡Zv kxjevb e¨w³i Pywii KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| †evwamË¡ ivRv‡K Rvbv‡jb,

ivRv Zuv‡K ‡h m¤§vb †`b †mB m¤§vb Zuvi eskgh©v`vi Rb¨ bvwK PwiÎ¸‡Yi Rb¨ Zv cixÿv Kivi Rb¨B wZwb

KvnY Pzwi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Avmvi c‡_ †`L‡Z †c‡jb mvcy‡oiv mv‡ci †jR a‡i, gyL a‡i, Mjvq Rwo‡q †Ljv

†`Lv‡”Q| †evwamË¡ mvcy‡o‡`i Ifv‡e †Ljv †`Lv‡bvi wb‡la Kiv‡Z Zviv DËi w`j, Zv‡`i mvc kxjevb, †m

Kvgov‡ebv| GK_v ï‡b †evwamË¡ eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, Zuvi PwiÎ ¸‡YB wZwb ivRvi KvQ †_‡K m¤§vb †c‡qwQ‡jb|

wZwb Av‡iv eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, kxjB me‡P‡q eo ¸Y| AZci wZwb ivRvi AbygwZµ‡g cÖeªR¨v MÖnYc~e©K wngvj‡q

Mgb K‡ib|



1| †evwamË¡ ivRvi fvÐvi †_‡K Kx Pzwi Ki‡Zb?

K. †mvbv-iƒcv L. Kvco-‡Pvco

M. Lv`¨ ªe¨ N. KvnY

2| mvc kxjevb n‡j KL‡bv-

K. bvP‡Z cvi‡e bv L. Kvgov‡Z cvi‡e bv

M. ai‡Z cvi‡e bv N. Kuv`‡Z cvi‡e bv

DËigvjv : 1. N 2. L


BDwbU-8 119

cvV-8.6 ÿvwšÍev`x RvZK

D‡Ïk¨


†µva-Gi cwiYwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†µva‡K Rq Kivi ÿvwšÍ Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


Zÿwkjv, ag©K_v, mbœ vmx, Aÿz×, ÿvwšÍ, ü`q Mfx‡i, †µvanxbZv|

cyivKv‡j evivYmx‡Z Kjvey bv‡g GK ivRv wQ‡jb| †m mgq †evwamË¡ cÖPzi m¤ú`kvjx GK eªvþ‡Yi

N‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi bvg wQj KzÐj Kzgvi| Zÿwkjvq wZwb wkÿv MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wcZvi

g„Zzï ci wecyj ab m¤úwË †`‡L fve‡jb, Avgvi c~e©cyiæliv G wecyj m¤ú` mÂq K‡i‡Q| Zviv Gi

mvgvb¨B †fvM Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| AvwgI Gi mvgvb¨ †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| mgq n‡j Avgv‡KI Zv‡ì g‡Zv g„Zz¨ eiY

Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici wZwb wm×všÍ wb‡jb, `vb cvIqvi Dc‡hvMx e¨w³‡ì cwigvY g‡Zv `vb †`‡eb| GK mg‡q me

m¤ú` wbt‡kwlZ K‡i wZwb M„nZ¨vM K‡i P‡j †M‡jb wnge‡šÍ| †mLv‡b MÖnY Ki‡jb cÖeªR¨v| e‡bi djg~j †L‡q

RxebaviY Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|

wKQzw`b wnge‡šÍ emev‡mi ci †evwamË¡ jeY I A¤ø msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wngešÍ n‡Z †jvKvj‡q †b‡g G‡jb| wewfbœ

Rbc‡` Ny‡i †eov‡bvi ci GKw`b ivR D`¨v‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| †mLv‡b ivwÎhvcb K‡i ciw`b wfÿvi Rb¨ bM‡i

cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| wZwb cÖ_‡g ivRvi †mbvcwZi M„nØv‡i Dcw¯’Z n‡jb| Zuvi AvPvi-AvPiY †`‡L †mbvcwZ Lywk n‡q

Zuv‡K M„‡ni wfZ‡i wb‡q Zuvi emev‡mi eë¯’v Ki‡jb|

GKw`b ivRv Kjvey Avb›` Drme Kivi Rb¨ D`¨v‡b G‡m nvwRi n‡jb| wecyj Av‡qvR‡b ïiæ nj Avb›` Drme|

wKš‘ myivcv‡b gË ivRv Aí wKQzÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B Mfxi Ny‡g Av”Qbœ n‡q co‡jb| msMxZ I b„Z¨ cwi‡ekbKvixiv

fvej, hvi Rb¨ msMxZ I b„Z¨ wZwb hLb wb`ªv”Qbœ, Kx cÖ‡qvRb b„Z¨Mx‡Z| Zviv me wKQz †d‡j †i‡L ivRD`¨v‡b

Zv‡ì †Ljvq gË nj| †evwamË¡ ZLb GK dzj‡dvUv kvj Mv‡Qi g~‡j e‡m cÖeªR¨v myL Dc‡fvM Ki‡Qb| MxZ I

msMxZ cwi‡ekbKvixiv Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z Zuv‡K †`‡L mevB †mLv‡b nvwRi nj| Zviv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ ejvewj Ki‡Z

jvMj, Pj, H mbœ¨vmxi wbKU ag©K_v ïwb| Giƒc e‡j Zviv mK‡j †evwam‡Ë¡i Kv‡Q G‡m em‡jv| Zuv‡K cÖYvg K‡i

wN‡i em‡jv|

†evwamË¡ Zv‡ì ag©K_v †kvbv‡Z jvM‡jb|


BDwbU-8 120

Gw`‡K †R‡M D‡V ivRv †`‡Lb Zvi Av‡kcv‡k †KD †bB| Zviv †Kv_vq †M‡Q cÖ‡kœi DË‡i ivRv hLb Rvb‡Z

cvi‡jb †h GK Zc¯x‡K wN‡i mevB e‡m Av‡Q|

ZLb wZwb fxlY †i‡M †M‡jb| fÐ Zc¯x‡K kvw Í †`‡ev-e‡j LoM nv‡Z Qz‡U †M‡jb| ZLb K‡qKRb Zuvi nvZ

†_‡K LoM †K‡o wb‡q ivM _vgv‡jv| ivRv †evwam‡Ë¡i Kv‡Q wM‡q cÖkœ Ki‡jb, kªgY! Zzwg †Kvb& gZvej¤x?

†evwamË¡ DËi w`‡jb-gnvivR! Avwg ÿvwšÍev`x| ivRv Avevi wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, ÿvwšÍ Kv‡K e‡j| †evwamË¡ ej‡jb,

‡jv‡K Mvwj w`‡j, cÖnvi I Acgvb Ki‡j, g‡bi †h Aµz× fve, Zv‡KB e‡j ÿvwšÍ| ivRv ej‡jb, wVK Av‡Q,

GLbB †`Lv hv‡e †Zvgvi ÿvwšÍ Av‡Q wKbv|

GK_v e‡j ivRv NvZK‡K †W‡K cvVv‡jb| NvZK PveyK wb‡q nvwRi nj| Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Rvb‡Z PvB‡jv|

ivRv Av‡`k w`‡jb-GB `yó Zc¯x †Pvi| G‡K gvwU‡Z †d‡j yB nvRvi evi PveyK gvi| NvZK ZvB Ki‡jv|

†evwam‡Ë¡i Pvgov wQu‡o †Mj, gvsm wQu‡o †Mj| me©v‡½ i³‡mªvZ e‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jv| ZLb ivRv Avevi Zuv‡K cÖkœ

Ki‡jb-wK †n Zvcm, GLb Zzwg †Kvb ev`x ej †Zv?

†evwamË¡ ej‡jb, gnvivR! Avwg ÿvwšÍev`x| Avcwb †f‡e‡Qb Avgvi Pvgovi bx‡P eywS ÿvwšÍ Av‡Q| wKš‘ ÿvwšÍ

Avgvi †mLv‡b †bB| GUv Avgvi ü`‡qi Mfx‡i cÖwZwôZ| Avcbvi mva¨ †bB Zv †`Lvi|

NvZK Rvb‡Z PvB‡jv- GLb Kx Ki‡ev gnvivR?

ivRv ZLb NvZK‡K Av‡`k w`‡jb- fÐ Zc¯xi nvZ y‡Uv †K‡U †dj|

NvZK ZvB Ki‡jv| cÖej †e‡M †evwam‡Ë¡i cÖZ¨½ †_‡K i³ †ei n‡Z jvM‡jv|

GLb Zzwg †Kvb ev`x? Avevi ivRv cÖkœ Ki‡jb| †evwamË¡ ej‡jb, gnvivR, Avwg ÿvwšÍev`x| Avcwb †f‡e‡Qb,

Avgvi nvZ-cv‡qi cÖv‡šÍ ÿvwšÍ Av‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi ÿvwšÍ †mLv‡b †bB| AviI MfxiZi ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q|


BDwbU-8 121

Gici ivRv Av‡`k w`‡jb-Gi bvK Avi Kvb †K‡U †dj| NvZK ZvB Ki‡jv| †evwam‡Ë¡i me©v½ i³mœvZ| ivRv

Avevi wR‡Ám Ki‡jb-GLb Zzwg †Kvb ev`x?

†evwamË¡ Av‡Mi g‡ZvB DËi Ki‡jb- gnvivR! Avwg ÿvwšÍev`x| Avcwb fve‡eb bv †h ÿvwšÍ Avgvi bvK Avi

Kv‡bi M‡Z©i †fZi i‡q‡Q| GUv Avgvi ü`‡qi MfxiZg ¯’v‡b ¸ß i‡q‡Q|

fÐ RUvavix, Zzwg ï‡q †_‡K †Zvgvi ÿvwšÍi ¯úa©v Ki‡Z _vK| G e‡j ivRv †evwam‡Ë¡i ey‡K jvw_ †g‡i P‡j

†M‡jb|

ivRv ‡mLvb †_‡K P‡j †M‡j †mbvcwZ †evwam‡Ë¡i Kv‡Q e‡m h_vmva¨ Zuvi †mev Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| †`n †_‡K wew”Qbœ

Ask¸‡jv‡Z Kvc‡oi cwÆ †eu‡a w`‡jb| Zuv‡K Av‡ Í Av‡¯Í ïB‡q w`‡jb| †evwamË¡‡K cÖwYcvZ n‡q cÖYvg K‡i

ej‡jb-cÖfy, Avcbv‡K AZ¨vPvi Kivi Rb¨ hw` Kv‡ivi Ici µz× nb Zvn‡j ivRvi IciB µz× †nvb, Ab¨ KviI

Ici µz× n‡eb bv| ivRvi ÿwZ nq †nvK, iv‡Rï †hb ÿwZ bv nq|

†evwamË¡ ej‡jb, whwb Avgvi nvZ, cv, bvK, Kvb †K‡U hš¿Yv w`‡q‡Qb †mB ivRv wPiRxex †nvb| Avgv‡K cxob

Ki‡jI Zuvi cÖwZ Avgvi †µva n‡e bv|

Gw`‡K ivRv D`¨vb †_‡K †ewi‡q †evwam‡Ë¡i `„wóc‡_i evB‡i P‡j †M‡jb| Avi Agwb c„w_ex cvZjv Kvc‡oi g‡Zv

we`xY© n‡q MZ© n‡jv| †mB MZ© †_‡K AwMœwkLv †ewi‡q G‡m ivRv‡K MÖvm K‡i wbj| †evwamË¡I †mw`b D`¨v‡bi

g‡a¨ cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡jb| ivRcyiæ‡liv Ges bvMwi‡Kiv Zuvi †klK…Z¨ mgvcb Ki‡jv|

DrcxobKvix hZ civµgkvjx †nvK bv †Kb †µva‡K whwb Rq K‡i‡Qb Zuvi Kv‡Q civwRZ n‡Z n‡eB|

Dc‡`k t †µva gvby‡li me‡P‡q eo kÎæ|

mvims‡ÿc :

cyivKv‡j evivYmx‡Z Kjveyi ivRZ¡Kv‡j †evwamË¡ m¤ú`kvjx GK eªv²‡Yi N‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi bvg

wQj KzÐj Kzgvi| wcZvi g„Zzï ci wZwb wecyj ab m¤úwËi AwaKvix nb| †evwamË¡ Rxe‡bi ÿY¯’vqxZ¡ eyS‡Z

cvi‡jb| wZwb `vb cvIqvi Dc‡hvMx e¨w³‡ì mg¯Í m¤ú` `vb K‡i GKw`b wbt¯ Ae¯’vq wnge‡šÍ P‡j †M‡jb|

GKw`b ivRv Kjvey myivcv‡b gË n‡q Avb›` Drm‡ei Rb¨ D`¨v‡b G‡m nvwRi n‡jb| Aí wKQyÿ‡Yi g‡a¨B

wZwb Mfxi Ny‡g Av”Qbœ n‡jb| †evwamË¡ ZLb GK kvj Mv‡Qi g~‡j e‡m cÖeªR¨v myL Dc‡fvM KiwQ‡jb| ivRv‡K

NygšÍ Ae¯’vq †i‡L msMxZ I b„Z¨ cwi‡ekbKvixiv evMv‡b Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z †evwam‡Ë¡i mvg‡b Ki †Rv‡o G‡m e‡m

coj| †evwamË¡ Zv‡ì ag©K_v †kvbv‡Z jvM‡jb| ivRv Nyg †_‡K †R‡M D‡V KvD‡K †`L‡Z bv †c‡q cÖPÐ †i‡M

†M‡jb| Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, mevB GK Zc¯xi Kv‡Q ag©K_v kªeY Ki‡Q| ivRv LoM n‡¯Í †evwam‡Ë¡i Kv‡Q Qy‡U

G‡m wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, wZwb †Kvb gZvej¤x? †evwamË¡ DË‡i ej‡jb, wZwb ÿvwšÍev`x| GK_v ï‡b ivRv NvZK‡K

†W‡K G‡K G‡K †evwamË¡‡K nvRvi evi PveyK gvi‡jb, nvZ y‡Uv †K‡U wb‡jb, cÖPzi i³ÿiY m‡Ë¡I †evwamË¡

AwePj _vK‡jb| ZviciI ej‡jb wZwb ÿvwšÍev`x| Zuvi ÿvwšÍ ü`‡qi MfxiZg ¯’v‡b ¸ß i‡q‡Q| ivRv wÿß

n‡q wd‡i †M‡jb| ivRv P‡j †M‡j †mbvcwZ G‡m †evwam‡Ë¡i †mev Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb AZ¨vPvix ivRvi kvw¯Í

Kvgbv Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †evwamË¡ Kv‡ivi Dci †Kv‡bv †µva cÖKvk Ki‡jb bv| AZ¨vPvix ivRv †evwam‡Ë¡i `„wó

c‡_i evB‡i hvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ c„w_ex †f` K‡i GK AwMœwkLv G‡m ivRv‡K MÖvm Ki‡jv| †evwamË¡I †mw`b

cÖvYZ¨vM Ki‡jb| †µva‡K whwb Rq K‡i‡Qb Zuvi Kv‡Q mevB‡K civwRZ n‡Z n‡e|




BDwbU-8 122

1. †evwamË¡ cÖwZwU R‡b¥-

K. UvKv-cqmv LiP Ki‡Zb L. KzkjKg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Zb

M. gvby‡li mv‡_ SMov Ki‡Zb N. cÖPzi wb`ªv †h‡Zb

2. †evwam‡Ë¡i kix‡ii i³ gy‡Q w`‡jb-

K. ivRv L. gš¿x

M. cÖRv N. †mbvcwZ

DËigvjv : 1. L, 2. N

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1

ivRv weµgvw`‡Zï GK wek¦ Í gš¿x wQ‡jb| Zvi bvg wQj KvjK~U| gš¿x AZ¨šÍ mr I b¨vqcivqb wQ‡jb| wZwb

ivRv‡K mg¯Í iKg wec`-Avc` †_‡K AvM‡j ivL‡Zb| G‡Z Ab¨vb¨ AgvZïv Lye ALykx| GKw`b gš¿x ivRv

weµgvw`Z¨‡K g„Zzï nvZ †_‡K iÿv Ki‡jb|

cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi w`b :

K. RvZK k‡ãi A_© Kx?

L. ˆbwZK I Av`k© Rxeb MV‡b RvZ‡Ki f~wgKv Kx?

M. ewY©Z MíwUi mv‡_ †Kvb RvZ‡Ki wgj Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

N. Òwec‡` eÜzi cixÿv nqÓ- Dc‡`kwU we‡kølY Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-2

PÆMÖv‡gi P›`bvBk _vbvi eiKj BDwbqb GjvKvq GK mgq my‡cq cvbxq R‡ji Lye Afve N‡U|

GjvKvevmx b`x I cyKz‡ii Rj cv‡bi Kvi‡Y bvbv †ivM e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡Z _v‡K| G mgq wKQz nvZz‡o

Wv³vi I Jl‡ai †`vKvb`vi wb‡R‡ì eëmvi cÖmvi NUv‡Z _v‡K| GwU Dcjwä K‡i cÖwgZ eo–qv bv‡gi

GK K‡jR co–qv †Q‡j GKwU cwiKíbv K‡i| †m GjvKvevmx‡K mv‡_ wb‡q ’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_

†hvMv‡hvM K‡i ªæZ wZbwU bjK~c emv‡bvi eë¯’v K‡i| G‡Z GjvKvevmxi ¯v‡¯’ i DbœwZ nq Ges Zviv

cÖwgZ eo–qvi cÖksmv K‡i| G cÖm‡½ cÖwgZ eo–qv e‡j Zvi Giƒc eyw×gËvi Drm n‡jv RvZK|

K. kxj gxgvsmv RvZK Kx?

L. Ô‡µva gvby‡li eo kÎæÕ- hyw³ w`b|

M. cÖwgZ eo–qvi f~wgKv RvZ‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi Bw½Z †`q? Gi cwiPq eY©bv Ki|

N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z NUbvi gg©v_© ‡Zvgvi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|

bdwbu rvzk - bangladesh open universityevsjv‡`k dš y³ wekwe`¨vjq †eŠ×ag© i ˆbwzk wkÿv...

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