bekic (ed) - potopljena baština / submerged heritage 1, 2011

8/13/2019 Bekic (Ed) - Potopljena batina / Submerged Heritage 1, 2011

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Yearbook of the International centre for underwater archaeology in ZadarGodinjak Meunarodnog centra za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru

Number 1 / Broj 1 Zadar, September 2011 / Rujan 2011.

Submerged Heritage

Potopljena batina

In this issue / U ovom broju:Mladen PeiSuleimans Bridge at Darda / Sulejmanov most u Dardi

Luka BekiMultiannual Research at Vetar Harbour near Rovinj / Viegodinja istraivanja luke Vetar kod Rovinja

Luka Beki, Mato Ilki, Zdenko Brusi, Marko Metrov, Mate Parica,Mladen Pei, Roman ScholzNew Underwater Archaeological Research in Pakotane near Zadar /Nova podvodna arheoloka istraivanja u Pakotanima kod Zadra

Igor MihajloviRoman Shipwreck with Sarchophagi near Sutivan on the Island of Bra /Antiki brodolom sa sarkofazima kod Sutivana na otoku Brau

Luka BekiUnderwater Archaeological Reconnaissance of Istrian Maritime Waters /Podvodna arheoloka rekognosciranja podmorja Istre

Mladen MustaekFour Years of the Specialised Department for the Conservation of Underwater Archaeological Finds in Zadar /etiri godine djelovanja specijaliziranog Odjela za restauriranje podvodnih arheolokih nalaza u Zadru

Mladen KolarekDeveloping the MACHU.HR System / Razvoj MACHU.HR sustava

Barbara EggerCelebrating 10 years of the UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of Undervater Cultural Heritage /Slavei deset godina UNESCOve Konvencije o zatiti podvodne kulturne batine iz 2001.g.


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2

Contents / Sadraj:

5 News / Vijesti

10 Mladen Pei Suleimans Bridge at Darda Sulejmanov most u Dardi

20 Luka Beki Multiannual Research at Vetar Harbour near Rovinj Viegodinja istraivanja luke Vetar kod Rovinja

25 Luka Beki, Mato Ilki, Zdenko Brusi, Marko Metrov, Mate Parica,Mladen Pei, Roman Scholz

New Underwater Archaeological Research in Pakotane near Zadar Nova podvodna arheoloka istraivanja u Pakotanima kod Zadra

32 Igor Mihajlovi Roman Shipwreck with Sarchophagi near Sutivan on the Island of Bra Antiki brodolom sa sarkofazima kod Sutivana na otoku Brau

35 Luka Beki Underwater Archaeological Reconnaissance of Istrian Maritime Waters Podvodna arheoloka rekognosciranja podmorja Istre

39 Mladen Mustaek Four Years of the Specialised Department for the Conservation of Underwater

Archaeological Finds in Zadar etiri godine djelovanja specijaliziranog Odjela za restauriranjepodvodnih arheolokih nalaza u Zadru

48 Mladen Kolarek Developing the MACHU.HR System Razvoj MACHU.HR sustava

52 Barbara Egger Celebrating 10 years of the UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of Undervater

Cultural Heritage: Chalenges and perspectives for cooperation Slavei deset godina UNESCO ve Konvencije o zatiti podvodne kulturne batine iz 2001.g.:

Izazovi i perspektive za suradnju

mpressum

Submerged Heritage / Potopljena batinaearbook of the International Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar

Godinjak Meunarodnog centra za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru

Number / Broj 1adar, September 2011 / Rujan 2011.

Publisher / Izdava:nternational Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar - UNESCO Category II Centre

Meunarodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru - UNESCO centar II kategorije

Urednik / Editor:uka Beki

Translation / PrijevodNeven Fereni

Graphic Design and print/ Grafiki dizajn i tisak:tudio Chilli - brand by Produkcija plus d.o.o.

rontpage / Naslovnicaesearch of the Suleimans Bridge at Darda / Istraivanje Sulejmanovog mosta u Dardi (photo: Luka Beki)

Introduction / UvodInternational Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar (ICUA)

UNESCO Category II Centre

Underwater archaeology in the Republic of Croatia has made considerable progress in the last and a high quality system for survey, research and protection of underwater archaeology sites ing implemented. From now on, the focal point of these activities will be the International Centter Archaeology in Zadar (ICUA).This new Centre was opened in September 2007 as an organizational unit of the Croatian Consete, a scientific and professional institution founded by the Republic of Croatia. In January 2009 legally recognized as an independent institution, although it will stay closely linked to CroatiaInstitute.The decision to establish the Centre was based on the fact that Croatia was among theto ratify the UNESCOs Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage from the reason for UNESCO to accept the Croatian initiative to proclaim the Centre in Zadar as a regitegory 2) under the auspices of UNESCO.The main purpose of the Centre is to carry out educational activities in field of exploration, corestoration of the underwater cultural heritage. It will also promote the ratification and implem2001 Convention by developing and sharing state-of-the-art methods of research in underwatconservation and restoration, training and exchange of knowledge. The Centre will operate respeples of the Convention and its annexes and it will contribute to building capacity in other countrieThe Centre will have a significant regional dimension with respect to training activities and theof knowledge and research. The focus will be on the countries of the South-East Europe and wnean region. Due to the type of archaeological finds and sites, strong cooperation with the cou

gion can be predicted.The Republic of Croatia provides the necessary funds for the running costs of the Centre, whiaccomplishing particular programmes should be provided from different sources, depending on gramme or project. Funds for international programmes and projects will be provided from internGoals:- organize the high-quality training and specialization of various experts in all aspects of underlogy, nationally and internationally- exchange knowledge from the field of underwater archeology- develop international cooperation in regards to scientific research of underwater archeolog

A view of the ICUA Zadar complex / Pogled na kompleks MCPA Zadar A lecture organized at the ICUA Zadar study hallorganizirano u uionici MCPA Zadar


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member states of UNESCO and international professional and scientific organizations- inform the public about its activities with the goal of raising awareness about the underwater cultural heri-tage values- organize international conferences, seminars and workshops- professionally unify the activities of underwater archaeology in the Republic of Croatia- promote the capacity-building, pursuit of excellence and scientific research- improve scientific and expert research of underwater archaeological sites- promote the principles of the 2001 Convention and its annexes

Meunarodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru (MCPA)

UNESCO-ov centar II kategorije

Podvodna arheologija u Hrvatskoj postigla je posljednjih godina znaajan napredak te se provodi kvalitetansustav rekognosciranja, istraivanja i zatite podvodnih arheolokih nalazita. arite ovih aktivnosti od sada ebiti Meunarodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru (MCPA).Ovaj novi Centar otvoren je u rujnu 2007.g. u sastavu Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda, znanstvene i struneustanove koju je osnovala Republika Hrvatska. U sijenju 2009.g. Centar je dobio i svoju pravnu samostalnost,mada e ostati usko povezan uz djelovanje Hr vatskog restauratorskog zavoda.Odluka o osnivanju Centra se zasnivala na injenici da je Hrvatska meu prvim dravama koje su ratificirale UNES-CO-ovu Konvenciju o zatiti podvodne kulturne batine iz 2001.g. Iz tog je razloga UNESCO prihvatio inicijativuHrvatske za proglaenjem Centra u Zadru kao regionalnog centra II. kategorije pod pokroviteljstvom UNESCO-a.Glavna zadaa centra je provoenje aktivnosti obrazovanja u polju istraivanja, konzerviranja i restauriranjapodvodne kulturne batine. Takoer e promovirati ratifikaciju i implementaciju Konvencije iz 2001.g. razvija-jui i irei najsuvremenije metode istraivanja u podvodnoj arheologiji, konzervaciji i restauraciji, obuci i raz-mjeni znanja. Centar e djelovati u skladu s principima Konvencije i njenih aneksa i pridonositi irenju mogu-nosti u ostalim dravama regije takoer.Centar e imati znaajnu regionalnu dimenziju u pogledu obuavanja i irenja znanja i istraivanja. Teite ebiti na zemljama jugoistone Europe i ire mediteranske regije. S obzirom na karakter arheolokih nalaza i na-lazita, predvia se intenzivna suradnja sa zemljama u regiji.Republika Hrvatska osigurava neophodna sredstva za osnovne trokove Centra, dok e sredstva potrebna zaprovoenje pojedinih programa biti osigurana iz razliitih izvora, ovisno o programu ili projektu. Sredstva zameunarodne programe i projekte e se osigurati iz meunarodnih izvora.Ciljevi:- organizirati visokokvalitetnu obuku i specijalizaciju razliitih strunjaka u svim aspektima podvodne arheolo-gije na nacionalnoj i internacionalnoj razini- razmjenjivati znanja iz podruja podvodne arheologije- razvijati meunarodnu suradnju vezanu uz znanstvena istraivanja podvodnih arheolokih nalazita s drava-ma lanicama UNESCO-a i meunarodnim strunim i znanstvenim organizacijama- obavjetavati javnost o svojoj djelatnosti s ciljem podizanja svijesti o vrijednosti podvodne kulturne batine- organizirati meunarodne konferencije, seminare i radionice- struno objediniti aktivnosti podvodne arheologije u Republici Hrvatskoj- promovirati irenje mogunosti, provoenje izvrsnosti i znanstvenog istraivanja- poboljavati znanstvena i struna istraivanja podvodnih arheolokih nalazita- promovirati principe Konvencije iz 2001.g. i njenih aneksa

ERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY IN ZADAR (ICUA)

UNARODNI CENTAR ZA PODVODNU ARHEOLOGIJU U ZADRU (MCPA)

idara Petranovia 1, HR-23000 Zadar, Hrvatska

00385/023/250 486; Fax. 00385/023/250 548

42850342757

Mladen Pei

Education and documentation department /

Odjel edukacije i dokumentacije

00385/095/250 4862

[email protected]

mr.sc. Luka Beki

Director / ravnatelj

00385/095/250 4861

[email protected]

Marina Musta

Head of Accounting / voditeljica raunovodstva

00385/095/250 4863

[email protected]

4

ntact information /podaci za kontakt

www.icua.hr

News / VijestiLectures of Croatian and Italian underwater archaeologists in Venice

University Ca Foscari of Venice, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici in cooperation with the Croatian Cstitute and the International Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar, held a one-day scientific coIncontro italo-croato - Archeologia Marittima in Croazia, Progetti di ricerca e intervento e tutela sui re moderni. The meeting was held on 22nd February 2011 the Palazzo Malcanton-Marco, Dorsodurofifteen speakers spoke on various topics in the field of underwater archeology, which are of interest to

Odrana predavanja hrvatskih i talijanskih podvheologa u Veneciji

Sveuilite CaFoscari iz Venecije, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici jevatskim restauratorskim zavodom i Meunarodnim centrom za podgiju u Zadru odralo jednodnevni znanstveni skup pod imenom Inc

ato - Archeologia marittima in Croazia; Progetti e interventi di ricerca e tutela sui relitti medievali e modran 22. veljae 2011.g. u Palazzo Malcanton-Marcora, Dorsoduro, Venezia. Na njemu je govorilo penika o raznim temama iz podruja podvodne arheologije koje su od interesa za ove dvije zemlje.

Beginner level underwater archaeology course held in Pakotane

The International Centre for Underwater Archaeology (ICUA), a UNESCO category II centre, organisedginner level training course in diving and underwater archaeology. The courses were held in Zadar from 30th May to 11th June 2011 and were organised with the support of the UNESCO office in Venfirst week the young archaeologists from Southeastern European countries had an opportunity to lediving or to improve their diving skills in line with the requirements of the Scuba Schools Internationunder the guidance of experienced instructor Nenad Stari.Week two of the underwater archaeology course consisted of theoretical and practical instruction inniques of underwater archaeological excavation and was held in its entirety in the English language. A

A lecture on the conservation of underwater archaeological findsin Venice / Predavanje o konzervaciji podvodnih arheolokih

nalaza u Veneciji (photo: Luka Beki)

A notice on the Incontro Italo-Croato meeting heldin Venice / Obavijest o odravanju skupa Incontro

italo-croato odranog u Veneciji


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An exhib ition on underwate r research in bay of Vetar ope ned at Rmuseum

International Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar has set an exhibition of archaeological finHeritage Museum on Friday, the July 1st 2011. Exhibition comes as a result of two years of underwatresearch in bay of Vetar near Rovinj. Archaeological finds from the bay of Vetar which have been reserved so far have been represented. Considering that this research has began in 2008, and continuingthe successive presentation of new findings in years to come. This research has rounded up knowledof bay of Vetar: numerous remains of pottery, vessels, amphorae and other objects that testify flourbay of Vetar since Roman times. Continuing research and its extension to the coastal part of the arcwill give a more complete picture of the location in the future.Underwater archaeological research in bay of Vetar was preformed by a n international archaeologicwas gathered by the International Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar. Along with ICUA Zadaservation Institute (HRZ Zagreb), Bayerischen Gesellschaft fr Unterwasserarchologie and Rovinj Heparticipated in this research. This comprehensive research, which continues into the future, was fundstry of Culture of Croatia and the Tourist Board of City of Rovinj.On the occasion of the exhibition of underwater archaeological finds from the bay of Vetar, comprehdirectory Underwater Archaeological Research of bay Vetar 2008 - 2010was presented. This publicatchaeological researches done so far and represents most of the ancient and postmedieval finds from tding and time-consuming task of conservation and restoration of the finds from the bay of Vetar waexperts from the Zadar Department of conservation and restoration of underwater archaeological finan Conservation Institute. Along the very interesting exhibition of archaeological finds from ancient ttmedieval period; as a guest of the exhibition, Museum of Umag, has prepared a surprise - the ancient - olive paste, stuffed and boiled eggs, spicy cheese, roasted carrots, stuffed sardines, melons, wine an

U rovinjskom muzeju otvorena izloba o istraivanju u uvali Vetar

Kao rezultat dvogodinjeg istraivanja podmorja u Rovinjskoj uvali Vetar Meunarodni centar za podgiju Zadar je u petak 1. srpnja 2011.g. postavio izlobu arheolokih nalaza u Zaviajnom muzeju gradstavljeni su arheoloki nalazi iz uvale Vetar uz napomenu da je postavljen samo dio nalaza - oni koji surirani i konzervirani. S obzirom na to da istraivanje, koje je zapoelo 2008.g., jo uvijek traje i dalje mosukcesivno prezentiranje novih nalaza. Ovim istraivanjem upotpunjene su spoznaje o povijesti Vetgrnarije, posua, amfora i drugih predmeta svjedoe da je u uvali Vetar jo u rimsko doba cvjetao i

Hands-on instruction on documenting an underwater ar-

haeological site off Pakotane / Praktina nastava doku-mentacije podvodnog arheolokog nalazita kod Pakotana

photo: Mladen Pei)

Underwater archaeology course participants prepare for a dive off

Pakotane / Priprema polaznika teaja podvodne arheologije zauron kod Pakotana (photo: Luka Beki)

ICUA Zadar (Luka Beki MSc, Mladen Pei) and the University of Zadar (assistant professorMato Ilki DSc, Mate Parica) and outside associates (Roman Scholz, Nenad Stari and Bor-na Krstulovi) held theoretical instruction at the ICUA Zadar lecture hall. Practical instructi-on was held in the frame of the archaeological research of the Roman harbour in Pakotanein order to provide the participants with the best possible knowledge of basic research tech-niques. Seven candidates successfully completed the course: Mariglen Meshini (Albania), An-ton Donev (Bulgaria), Anita Jeli (Croatia), Valentina Todoroska (Macedonia), Nemanja avlovi(Montenegro), Ionut Catalin Dobrinescu (Romania) and David Badovinac (Slovenia). The costof participation, board and lodging for participants, instruction activities and the use of di-ving equipment during the course were covered by ICUA Zadar. Thanks to this intensive cour-se the participants will have greater confidence in undertaking the protection of underwatercultural heritage in their own countries.

Poetni teaj podvodne arheologije odran u Pakotanima

Meunarodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju (MCPA), kao UNESCO centar II kategorije, orga-nizirao je dvotjedni poetni teaj obuke u ronjenju i podvodnoj arheologiji. Teajevi su odra-ni u Zadru i Pakotanima, od 30. svibnja do 11. lipnja 2011 a organizirani su uz podrku Ure-da UNESCO-a u Veneciji. U prvom tjednu mladi arheolozi iz zemalja jugoistone Europe moglisu nauiti osnove ronjenja ili napredovati u ronilakim vjetinama skladu sa zahtjevima su-stava Scuba Schools International (SSI), pod vodstvom iskusnog instruktora Nenada Staria.Teaj podvodne arheologije u drugom tjednu se sastojao od teorijskog i praktinog poua-vanja osnovnih tehnika podvodnih arheolokih iskapanja a odravao se u cijelosti na engle-skom jeziku. Arheolozi iz MCPA-a Zadar (mr.sc.Luka Beki, Mladen Pei) i Sveuilita u Zadru

(doc.dr.sc.Mato Ilki, Mate Parica) te vanjski suradnici (Roman Scholz, Nenad Stari i BornaKrstulovi ) provodili su teorijsku nastavu u uionici MCPA u Zadru. Praktino pouavanje seodravalo u sklopu arheolokih istraivanja rimske luke u Pakotanima kako bi se polaznicimaomoguilo stjecanje najboljeg mogueg znanja o osnovnim tehnikama istraivanja. Teajeve

je uspjeno zavrilo 7 kandidata: (Mariglen Mesmini) Albanija, Anton Donev (Bugarska), AnitaJeli (Hrvatska), Valentina Todoroska (Makedonija), Nemanja avlovi (Crna Gora), Ionut CatalinDobrinescu (Rumunjska) i David Badovinac (Slovenija), a trokove sudjelovanja, hrane i smje-taja za polaznike te nastavnih aktivnosti i koritenja ronilake opreme tijekom teaja snosioje MCPA Zadar. Zahvaljujui ovom intenzivnom teaju, polaznici e se s vie samopouzdanjamoi pozabaviti zatitom podvodne kulturne batine u svojim zemljama.

Director Marija Smolica and Luka Beki open the Vetar

Cove research exhibition in Rovinj / Ravnateljica MarijaSmolica i Luka Beki otvaraju izlobu o istraivanjima u

uvali Vetar u Rovinju (photo: Marina Musta)

A Rovinj Heritage Museum exhibition on the research at Ve

istraivanjima u Vetru u Zaviajnom muzeju grada RovinjMusta)


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istraivanja i njegovim proirenjem na kopneni dio lokaliteta stei e se cjelovitija slika ovog nalazita.Arheoloka istraivanja u podmorju uvale Vetar obavila je meunarodna arheoloka ekipa koju je okupio Meuna-rodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru. Uz zadarski centar u istraivanju je sudjelovalo Hrvatski restaurator-ski zavod, Basyerischen Gesellschaft fr Unterwsserarchologie i Zaviajni muzej grada Rovinja. Ovo opseno istra-ivanje, koje se nastavlja i u budunosti, financiralo je Ministarstvo kulture RH i Turistika zajednica Grada Rovinja.Prigodom postavljanja izlobe podvodnih arheolokih nalaza iz uvale Vetar, predstavljen je i opsean dvojezini ka-talog Podvodna arheoloka istraivanje uvale Vetar 2008 - 2010u kojem su opisana provedena istraivanje, te ka-talogizirani svi antiki i novovjekovni nalazi. Zahtjevan i dugotrajan posao konzervacije i restauracije nalaza iz uvaleVetar obavili su strunjaci iz zadarskog Odjela za konzerviranje i restauriranje podvodnih arheolokih nalaza, Hrvat-skog restauratorskog zavoda. Uz vrlo zanimljiv postav arheolokih nalaza iz doba antike pa do novog vijeka, kao gostizlobe, Muzej grada Umaga posjetiteljima je priredio iznenaenje starorimske delicije namaz od maslina, kuhanai punjena jaja, zainjeni sir, prenu mrkvu, punjene srdele, dinje, vino i slatke napitke.

4th International Congress on Underwater Archaeology IKUWA 4 - Managingthe Underwater Cultural Heritage Zadar 29. 09. - 02. 10. 2011

During September and October of 2011 (29.09. - 02.10.2011) Zadar will play host to the fourth international congresson underwater archaeology (IKUWA 4), to be held under the theme title Managing the Underwater Cultural Herita-ge. With the support of UNESCO the congress will be organised by the Croatian Ministry of Culture, the Croatian Mi-nistry of Science, Education and Sport, the County of Zadar, the City of Zadar, the University of Zadar, the City of Nin,Archaeological Museum of Zadar and the International Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar.IKUWA is an international organisation that organises congresses focused on underwater archaeology, and emergedin response to the need to raise awareness of the importance of underwater cultural heritage in human history, andto create an international regulatory framework for the protection of underwater cultural heritage - which becamea reality with the adoption of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. AfterSassnitz on the island of Rgen in Germany in 1999, Mnnedorf near Zurich in Switzerland in 2004 and London, En-gland in 2008, Zadar and Croatia have won the exceptional honour of organising one of the worlds largest underwa-ter archaeology congresses.More than 300 people from some forty countries are expected to attend the congress. During the four days of thecongress lecturers will speak of their visions, achievements and plans for the future related to t he management of un-derwater cultural heritage. Also under discussion will be the legal framework and guidelines for the protection of un-derwater cultural heritage, the management and presentation of underwater archaeological sites, the developmentof education and the active involvement of the public in protecting heritage. The congress will be held at the lectu-re halls of the University of Zadar, and along with oral presentations there will also be presentations of expert panels,results of underwater archaeological research, book promotion and excursions for congress par ticipants, as well as acourse on underwater archaeology organised by the Nautical Archaeological Society of Great Britain.

4. Meunarodni kongres o podvodnoj arheologiji IKUWA 4 - Upravljanje pod-vodnom kulturnom batinom Zadar 29. 09. - 02. 10. 2011

Tijekom rujna i listopada 2011. godine (29.09. - 02.10. 2011) Zadar e biti domain etvrtog meunarodnog kon-gresa o podvodnoj arheologiji (IKUWA 4) pod nazivom Upravljanje podvodnom kulturnom batinom. Uz potporuUNESCO-a kongres e se odrati u organizaciji Ministarstva kulture RH, Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i porta

RH, Zadarske upanije, Grada Zadra, Sveuilita u Zadru, Grada Nina, Arheolokog muzeja u Zadru te centra za podvodnu arheologiju u Zadru.IKUWA je meunarodna organizacija koja se bavi organiziranjem kongresa na temu podvodne arheje kao reakcija na potrebu podizanja svijesti o vanosti podvodne kulturne batine u povijesti cijelostvaranje meunarodnog regulatornog okvira za zatitu podvodne kulturne batine, to se i poelo ostvaranja UNESCO-ve Konvencije o zatiti podvodne kulturne batine. Nakon Sassnitza na otoku Rg1999.g., Maenndorfa kod Zurich-a u vicarskoj 2004.g. i Londona, Engleska 2008.g., Zadar i Hrvatska snu ast da organiziraju jedan od najveih svjetskih kongresa na temu podvodne arheologije.Na kongresu se oekuje dolazak vie od 300 ljudi iz 40-ak zemalja. Tijekom etiri kongresna dana presvoja vienja, dostignua i planove za budunost vezane uz upravljanje podvodnom kulturnom baljati e se o pravnim okvirima i smjernicama zatite podvodne kulturne batine, upravljanju i prezentarheolokih lokaliteta, razvoju edukacije kao i o aktivnom ukljuivanju javnosti u zatitu batine. Kongti u predavaonicama Sveuilita u Zadru, a osim usmenih izlaganja biti e organizirane prezentacije srezultata podvodnih arheolokih istraivanja, promocija knjige te izleti za sudionike kongresa, kao i tarheologije u organizaciji Nautical Archaeological Society iz Velike Britanije.

Advanced course on the restoration and conservation of underwater agical finds

The International Centre on Underwater Archaeology (ICUA) is organising a 3-month advanced traininrestoration and conservation of underwater archaeological finds, due to take place in Zadar, Croatia, fto 24.12.2011. The course is organised with the support of the UNESCO Office in Venice.This international course is targeted to the practical and theoretical training of candidates for indepthe restoration and conservation of underwater archaeological finds. In addition to a theoretical intviding insight into the issues of archaeology, underwater archaeology, restoration and conservationbe also taught specific elements related to the preservation of underwater cultural objects, such as ition of features, the administration of archaeological sites and the handling of finds.Besides the theoretical segment, most of the lessons will consist in mentored practical work at the wCroatian Conservation Institute (HRZ) in Zadar. Candidates will work with various materials and wicomplete three main workshops, respectively focused on metal, pottery, and organic finds. Lecturesstaff members of the HRZ and ICUA Zadar, faculty members of the University of Zadar, and guest le

reign institutions. The first manual specialized for the treatment of underwater findfor the use at the Course.At the end of the course candidates will take an exam in the theoretical and practicter which they will be entitled to a certificate confirming that they have passed ouse for specialized conservators/restorers of underwater archaeological finds. The cothree calendar months.

Napredni teaj restauracije i konzervacije podvodnih arheonalazita

Meunarodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju (MCPA) organizira tromjeseni napke u restauraciji i konzerviranju podvodnih arheolokih nalaza koji e se odrati u skoj, od 26. rujna do 24. prosinca 2011. Teaj je organiziran uz podrku Ureda UNESOvaj meunarodni teaj usmjeren je na praktinu i teorijsku obuku kandidata zana restauraciji i konzerviranju podvodnih arheolokih nalaza. Uz teorijski uvod koji

probleme arheologije, podvodne arheologije, restauracije i konzervacije, kandidatiposebne elemente koji se odnose na ouvanje podvodnih kulturnih predmeta, poplokaliteta in situ, upravljanja arheolokim nalazitima i rukovanja s nalazima.Osim teorijskog segmenta, veina nastave sastojat e se od praktinog rada uz naradionicama Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda (HRZ) u Zadru. Kandidati e raditi sjalima te e morati zavriti tri glavne radionice koje su usmjerene na metal, keramiklaze. Predavanja e drati zaposlenici HRZ-a i MCPA-a u Zadru, nastavnici sa Sveugosti predavai iz inozemnih institucija. Za potrebe teaja izraen je prvi prirunikobradu podvodnih nalaza. Kandidati e na kraju teaja polagati ispit iz teorije i prae dobiti potvrdu da su proli teaj naeg centra za specijaliste konzervatore/restaunih arheolokih nalaza. Teaj e trajati tri kalendarska mjeseca.

IKUWA 4 Conference logo / Logo kongresa IKUWA4 (dizajn Mladen Kolarek)

UNESCO Venice Office Is supporting educational courses

and IKUWA 4 conference / UNESCO ov ured u Veneciji podu-pire obrazovne teajeve i konferenciju IKUWA 4

Cover page of the manual / Naslovna

stranica prirunika


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Suleimans Bridge at

DardaMladen [email protected]

In May of 2008, during the cleaning of a fishpond and backwa-ters near the Esterhzy baroque period palace by Darda mu-nicipal employees, wooden posts were extracted along withsilt . A report was duly filed, followed by intervention in the fi-eld by employees of the Conservation Department in Osijek.A memorandum was sent to the Ministry of Culture of Croa-tia in July of 2008 requesting its support in preliminary resear-ch of the site. Infor mation in historical sources indicated thepossibility that these could be the remains of the well-knownSuleimans bridge that linked Osijek and Darda during the 16thand 17th centuries. The bridge was built at the order of Sule-iman the Magnificent, and consisted of boats linked over theDrava River, while the sections crossing marshland consisted ofwooden planks supported by wooden piles. The chief reasonfor its construction was the need of the great Ottoman armyto cross the trackless swamps that exist to this day in northeastCroatia on their way to capturing Siget (Szigetvr) in Hungaryand onwards to Vienna (Bsendorfer 1994, 323).

Written sources put the construction of the bridge in the year1566, following several abortive attempts during which highwater levels in the Drava River destroyed the linked boat structu-re. During the war between the Habsburg monarchy and theOttoman Empire the bridge was partially damaged and rebu-ilt on several occasions. One of the better-known episodes in-volved Croatian Ban Nikola Zrinskis (Count Nicolas of Zrins)assault on Osijek in 1664 when he set fire to the bridge, whichburned for two days. Zrinski razed the palanka (a permanentcamp attached to a Turkish frontier fortress) at Darda and re-pelled the Turkish forces from there towards Osijek. He lootedand burned the suburbs of Osijek but, realising that he couldnot take the town, headed back over the bridge. Having cro-ssed the bridge with his 15 to 20 thousand cavalry, he hadthe bridge burned before joining the rest of the military forceoutside of Pcs (Zirojevi 1987, 87). News of this heroic deedspread quickly throughout Europe, and, as a token of his gra-

titude Philip IV of Spain conferred upon Count Nikola Zrinskithe Order of the Golden Fleece; Louis XIV of France namedhim his pair and made him a gift of money; while a leaflet wasprinted in Augsburg that depicted and described the under-taking (Mauran 1999, 3). The bridge was subsequently rebu-ilt, and only completely destroyed in 1686, first partially by the

army under General Leslie, and then entirely by Austrian DukeLudwig Wilhelm of Baden during his military campaigns aga-inst the Turkish occupation of southeastern Europe (Matasovi1929, 17-18). Suleiman the Magnificent had charged two san-cak beyi (the governor of a military district) with the construc-tion and supervision of the bridge, who built it with the aid ofa local workforce. Nesuh, the sancak beyi in Poega, was assi-gned to build the access route to the bridge in Osijek and tobuild the boat bridge over the Drava River, while Hamza, thesancak beyi in Pcs was to build the wooden bridge over themarshland from the Drava River to Darda (Mauran 1999, 1-2).

There is significant historical data, illustrations and maps thathave recorded the existence of the bridge, but they lack con-sistency in their description of it (Figure 1, 2). O ttoman sour-ce Mustafa Selaniki tells us that the bridge was 4,800 cubits inlength, which is approximately 3,600 metres, and that is wassupported by 118 boats (Zirojevi 1987, 85). Petrus Bizarus saysthat it was a mile long and over 14 cubits in width (about 10metres) (Mauran 1960, 67). In some versions sources say that itwas 8,335 feet (passus) long and 12 feet wide, while yet otherstell of a length of 8,565 feet and a width of 65 feet. Well-known17th century Ottoman travel writer Evliya elebi says that ittook a full two hours of walking to cross the entire bridge (e-lebi 1973, 372). It can be concluded therefore that the writtensources cannot be used to establish the exact dimensions ofthe bridge, but we can say that its length was from 6,500 and8,000 metres, and its width from 5.5 to 10 metres. Data con-cerning the time needed to build the bridge and the numberof people who participated in its construction also varies. Thedata indicates that the bridge was built in ten to seventeendays and by from 20 to 25 thousand people (Zirojevi 1987,85; Matasovi 1929, 6; Mauran 1960, 67-68).

Several sources also tell us of the bridges appearance andstructure. It stood on eight great oak posts between which asmaller pile was located every 180 cm (Matasovi 1929, 7). Itspedestrian surface was covered in thick oak planks, and it hada gate, towers, galleries and fences on both sides. A permanentguard defended the bridge and they controlled the transport oftravellers and goods over the bridge. A part of the bridge wasmoveable, and the guards could raise this section at night toensure that no one could cross (elebi 1973, 373). Regardlessof the historical data on various versions of the bridges size, wecan say that to the eye of a contemporary observer Suleimansbridge was an architectural wonder of its time. Many stories and

legends have been written throughout history of the construc-tion of this bridge, its size and appearance, and it is little won-der that it has been referred to as Il ponte famoso d`Esek andDie so berhmte und wunderbare Essecker Brcke.After having studied the written data, our job as archaeology

Sulejmanov most u

Dardi

Mladen [email protected]

Tijekom svibnja 2008.g. prilikom ienja ribnjaka i rukavaca odstrane djelatnika opine Darda uz barokni dvorac Esterhzy, za-

jedno s muljem su izvaeni i drveni stupovi. Nakon dojave na te-renu su intervenirali djelatnici Konzervatorskog odjela u Osijeku,te je tijekom srpnja 2008. g. upuen dopis prema Ministarstvukulture RH da se podre preliminarna istraivanja ovog lokali-teta. Prema podacima iz povijesnih izvora postojala je mogu-nost da se ovdje radi o ostacima poznatog Sulejmanova mostakoji je povezivao Osijek i Dardu tijekom 16. i 17. st. Most je sa-graen po nalogu Sulejmana Velianstvenog, a bio je izgraenpreko rijeke Drave od povezanih brodova, dok je preko movar-nog tla to bila konstrukcija od drvenih pilona poploanih s dr-venim daskama. Glavni razlog njegove gradnje bila je potrebavelike Osmanske vojske da prijeu preko neprohodne mova-re koja se danas nalazi u sjevero-istonom dijelu Hrvatske, nanjihovom putu prema osvajanju Sigeta u Maarskoj i dalje pre-ma Beu (Bsendorfer 1994, 323).

Prema pisanim izvorima most je izgraen 1566.g., nakon neko-liko neuspjelih pokuaja prilikom kojih je visok vodostaj Draveunitio konstrukciju od povezanih brodova. Tijekom rata izme-u Habsburke Monarhije i Osmanskog Carstva most je djelo-mino bio oteen i obnavljan nekoliko puta. Jedan od poznatihepizoda se dogodila 1664. g. kada je hrvatski ban Nikola Zrinskinapao Osijek i zapalio most koji je gorio dva dana. Tom je prili-kom Nikola Zrinski poruio palanku Dardu, a turske snage oda-tle potjerao prema Osijeku. Doavi do Osijeka, popljakao je izapalio njegovo predgrae, ali uvidjevi da ga ne moe osvoji-ti zaputio se natrag preko mosta. Preavi most sa svojih 15-20000 konjanika, zapalili su most i pridruili se ostatku vojne sileispred Peuha (Zirojevi 1987, 87). Za ovaj junaki pothvat uskorose proulo po cijeloj Europi, a u znak zahvale Nikoli Zrinskom jepanjolski kralj Filip IV. dodijelio red vitezova zlatnog runa, fran-cuski kralj Luj XIV. imenovao ga je svojim pairom i darovao ganovcem, dok je u Augsburgu tiskan prigodni letak koji je prika-zivao i opisivao ovaj pothvat (Mauran 1999, 3). Most je nakon

toga ponovo obnovljen, a potpuno je uniten 1686. g., prvo dje-lomino od vojske pod vodstvom generala Leslia, a nakon togau potpunosti od strane austrijskog vojvode Ludwiga Wilhelmaod Badena tijekom njegovih vojnih akcija protiv turske okupa-cije na jugoistoku Europe (Matasovi 1929, 17-18). Za samu iz-gradnju i nadgledanje mosta sultan Sulejman Velianstveni je

obvezao dva sandak-bega koji su uz pomo lostva izgradili most. Poeki sandak-beg Nesuh izgraditi pristup mostu u Osijeku, te izgraditi mma na rijeci Dravi, dok je peuki sandaka-begizgraditi drveni most preko movarnog podruve do Darde (Mauran 1999, 1-2).

Postoje mnogi povijesni podaci, slike i karte kpostojanje mosta, ali oni nisu dosljedni kada g1., 2.). Osmanski izvor Mustapha Selaniki nas obmost bio dug 4 800 lakata, to je oko 3 600 mejao na 118 brodova (Zirojevi 1987, 85). Petrusje bio jednu milju dug i vie od14 lakata irok (Mauran 1960, 67). U nekim verzijama izvori doimao 8 335 stope (passus) i irinu od 12 stopa, dre o duini od 8 565 stopa i irini od 65 stopa. Poputopisac iz 17. st. Evlija elebi kae da je bilo dva sata hoda da se proe cijeli most (elebi 1

vedenog se moe zakljuiti da iz pisanih izvorae tono odrediti dimenzije mosta, ali otprilike

je njegova duina iznosila izmeu 6 500 i 8 000izmeu 5,5 i 10 metara. Podaci o vremenu kojeno za izgradnju mosta i broj ljudi koji su sudjelomosta takoer se razlikuju. Podaci kau da je meu 10 i 17 dana i da ga je gradilo izmeu 20 0di (Zirojevi 1987, 85; Matasovi 1929, 6; Maur

Nekoliko izvora takoer nam govori o izgledu i sta. On je stajao na 8 velikih hrastovih stupova i

svakih 180 cm nalazio manji pilon (Matasovi va pjeaka povrina bila je prekrivena debelimskama, a imao je i vrata, kule, galerije i ogradu Stalna straa je titila most i oni su kontrolirali pi robe koja se transportirala preko mosta. Jedan

1. I thank in particular Ivana Sudi, the head of Conservation Department in Osijek, for her generous help with the launch of research of this important site /

Posebno zahvaljujem proelnici KO Osijek Ivani Sudi na svesrdnoj pomoi oko pokretanja istraivanja ovog znaajnog n alazita.

1. A graphic from historic sources depicting Sulei/ Grafika iz povijesnih izvora s prikazom Sulejma

(Matasovi 1929, III)

2. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566. He was known as a just ruler who intro

of new laws, and during whose reign a great number of sacral and secular structures were built / Sultan Sulejman VeliaOsmanskim carstvom od 1520. do 1566.g. Bio je poznat kao pravedan vladar koji donio itav niz novih zakona, a za njeg

izgradio itav niz sakralnih i profanih graevina.


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professionals was to ascertain whether or not this site might infact constitute the remains of Suleimans renowned bridge. Thesecond task was to establish to what extent the information inwritten sources deviated from data gathered in the field. Thispertained in particular to the number of piles, their distributionin the bridges structure, the distance between individual pilesand their size, possible remains of the towers and galleries and,

if possible, to reconstruct what the bridges original appearan-ce might have been. Research was focused on the threatenedarea of the site near Esterhzy palace. This area should corres-pond to the northern terminus of Suleimans bridge, ending inDarda (Figure 3). Research of this archaeological site was under-taken, with the support of the Croatian Ministry of Culture, bya team from the Croatian Conservation Institutes Departmentof Underwater Archaeology, Section of Land Archaeology Jur-ii and the Department for the Conservation of Underwater

Archaeological Finds in June of 2009. The research effort wasdivided into three sectors. The first two sectors were on land,while the third sector covered the fishpond itself, more preci-sely the underwater site.

Sector 1 covered the embankment of sand, silt and archaeologi-cal remains that had been excavated from the fishpond duringdredging in 2008. This material had been deposited along thebanks of the fishpond and formed a grass-grown embankmentabout 36 m in length and 3 m in width. The land component ofthe archaeological team undertook the manual excavation ofthis embankment with the aim of identifying and preservingpossible archaeological remains originating from the bridgesite (Figure 5). Nineteen piles of various sizes were discoveredin Sector 1 during this archaeological campaign. All of the ar-chaeological finds extracted during these excavations weredocumented both photographically and in drawings.

je pomian, a tijekom noi su straari mogli taj dio podii imebi osigurali da nitko ne moe proi preko njega (elebi 1973,373). Bez obzira na povijesne podatke o razliitim verzijama di-menzija mosta, moemo rei da je u oku onodobnih promatra-a Sulejmanov most bio arhitektonsko udo tog vremena. Tije-kom povijesti su napisane mnoge prie i legende o konstrukcijimosta, njegovim dimenzijama i izgledu te nije udno da su ganazivali Il ponte famoso d`Esek ili Die so berhmte und wun-derbare Essecker Brcke.

Nakon to smo prouili pisane podatke, na struni arheolo-ki posao bio je da utvrdimo da li bi ovo nalazite doista moglopredstavljati ostatke poznatog Sulejmanova mosta. Drugi za-datak je bio da se utvrdi koliko se informacija iz pisanih izvorarazlikuju od prikupljenih podataka na terenu. To se odnosilo po-sebno na broj pilona, njihov raspored u konstrukciji mosta, uda-ljenost izmeu njih i njihove dimenzije, mogue ostatke kula igalerija, a ako bi to bilo mogue, i idealno rekonstruirati izvor-ni izgled mosta. Istraivanja su bila usredotoena na ugroeni

dio nalazita u blizini dvorca Esterhzy. To je diodgovarati sjevernom, krajnjem dijelu Sulejmaje zavravao u Dardi (Slika 3.). Uz potporu MiniRH, istraivanja ovog arheolokog nalazita proci Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda; Odjela zaheologiju, Odsjeka za kopnenu arheologiju Jurestauriranje podvodnih arheolokih nalaza u Istraivanje je podijeljeno u tri sektora. Prva dvnalazila na kopnu, dok je trei sektor predstavljtonije podvodno nalazite.

Sektor 1 odgovarao je nasipu pijeska, mulja i ataka mosta koji su izvaeni iz ribnjaka tijekom godine. Taj je materijal deponiran uz obale ribnasip obrastao travom dimenzija oko 36 m durine. Kopneni dio arheoloke ekipe obavljao je rnasipa s ciljem da se prepoznaju i sauvaju evloki ostaci koji su potjecali s nalazita mosta (Sove arheoloke kampanje u sektoru 1 je otkrivezliitih dimenzija. Svi arheoloki nalazi koji su prnja biti izvaeni, nacrtno su i foto dokumentiraDrveni piloni su prilino razliitih veliina i stupNajkrai pilon imao je duljinu od 110 cm, a naj440 cm. Njihov promjer varira izmeu 10 i 40 cmse da su razlike u promjerima pilona rezultat nnog poloaja u konstrukciji mosta, ovisno o njihkao primarnog noseeg, sekundarnog noseegpilona. Veina pilona ima velik stupanj oteenjnjihovog nasilnog vaenje sa mjesta gdje su bilitakoer moe biti posljedica razliitih uzroka kotijekom dugog vremenskog razdoblja (prethodsilno razbijanje, prirodni uzroci). Naalost, tijekistraivanja nije pronaen niti jedan pilon koja

2. An 18th century depiction of the location of Suleimans bridge/ Prikaz iz 18.st. s lokacijom Sulejmanovog mosta (Plihal 2002, 241)

3. A map with an aerial image of the site and designated areasof research / Karta sa zranim snimkom lokaliteta i oznaenomlokacijom istraivanja (By: Mladen Pei)

4. A fragment of the rim of a pot / Fragment oboda lonca

(By: Mladen Pei)

5. The archaeological excavation of the embankmArheoloki iskop nasipa (Photo: Robert Moskovi

3. Field research was conducted from 1 to 7 June 2009. / Terenska istraivanja su obavljena u vremenu od 01.06. do 07. 06.2009. godine.


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The wooden piles are of quite diverse sizes and levels of preser-vation. The shortest pile was 110 cm in length and the longest440. Their diameter varies from 10 to 40 cm. It is assumed thatthe differences in their diameters corresponds to their speci-fic positions in the structure of the bridge, depending on the-ir positions as primary load-bearing, secondary load-bearingor support piles. Most of the piles have significant levels of da-mage, the result of their forced extraction from their originallocations, but which may also be the result of various othercauses over an extended period of time (previous dredging, vi-olent breakage and natural causes). Unfortunately, during thearchaeological research not a single pile was found fully pre-served that could assist us in determining the original heightof the bridge. All of the piles were additionally hand-tooledduring construction. That is evident in their lower sections,which narrow to facilitate penetration into the mud. Someof the piles are further workedthey have been additionallytrimmed along their entire length and are squared or polygo-nal in shape. As a result of the poor diving conditions the datacollected during land research will be relevant in the furtherdetermination of the original appearance and structure of thebridge. During our research in Sector 1 we recovered very fewsmall archaeological finds such as pottery and metal objects,which did not assist us in determining the period the bridgewas in use. For the most part the recovered materials were bo-vid animal bone, small fragments of construction brick and un-defined fragments of iron. One of the few fragments of a cera-mics could be characterised as part of the rim of a pot (Figure4). At the point where it passes into the neck the rim has mul-tiple contouring. The clay is of a yellow colour and unglazed.We find similar pots at the site in the medieval town of Ruica,and they have been dated to the 15th to 17th century period(Radi, Boji 2004, 177, T. 5. 57).

Sector 2 corresponded to the wooden piles kept at the Muse-um of Slavonia, saved from looting and decay by the museumstaff after their extraction (Figure 6). All of the finds documen-ted at the Museum of Slavonia also originate from the samearea researched during this archaeological campaign, corres-ponding to our Sector 1. There are a total of 24 wooden pilesat the museum that have been measured, and of which pho-tographic and drawn documentation has been drafted (Figure7). By their characteristics they do not differ significantly fromthe piles excavated from the embankment alongside the fis-hpond, but traces of cracking in the wood is evident as a resultof the drying of the material. Since the piles in Sector 1 were in

a relatively closed and moist environment, their state of pre-servation is somewhat better.Underwater archaeological research was undertaken at the

Mala ola fishpond situated in the core of the settlement ofDarda. It has a length of 270 and a width of 25 metres, domi-nated at its centre by two small islets completely overgrownwith reeds. The fishpond is situated alongside a larger pond ofabout 1.8 ha known as ola. It was established during the un-derwater research that the piles are concentrated in an areaof about 25 by 40 metres, in a part of the fishpond where thedepth does not exceed 2.5 metres. During the underwater ar-chaeological research divers found 115 wooden elements atthe bottom of the fishpond, most of which are in situ. A smallernumber of wooden elements visible on the bottom were mo-ved from their original positions during dredging or the wide-ning of the fishpond. Because of the exceedingly low visibilityin the water, about 15 cm, the sense of touch was one of thechief methods of examination during these dives.

To increase effectiveness, given the large area of the fishpond,divers worked in pairs. They were linked with a taut two-me-tre length of rope that was dragged along the bottom. This en-sured that piles and other wooden elements situated on thebottom of the fishpond would not pass unnoticed. The pilesdiffer in their sizes and dimensions, corresponding to the pileswe documented on land. It is interesting to note that the posi-tions into which the piles were rammed into the bottom werenot always the same. It was observed that the piles could bedivided into three groups. The least frequent are the primaryload-bearing piles that have large square or circular diametersand that are quite massive and firm. The secondary load-bea-ring piles are of a smaller diameter and are found in a signifi-cantly greater number. Both groups are characterised by thefact that they are rammed into the bottom of the fishpond ata relatively perpendicular angle. The third group of piles aresimilar in diameter to the secondary load-bearing piles, butdiffer from them in that they are rammed into the bottom ofthe fishpond at an angle of about 45 degrees. Their purposewas to provide addition support to the vertical piles, and to

ouvan i koja bi nam mogao pomoi u odreivanju izvorne vi-sine mosta. Tijekom izgradnje mosta svi piloni dodatno su ru-no obraeni. To se moe vidjeti na njihovom donjem dijelu,koji se suava kako bi se olakalo prodiranje u blato. Neki pi-loni su dodatno obraeni na nain da su cijelom duinom iste-sani, te imaju kvadratni ili poligonalni oblik. Zbog loih uvjetaronjenja podaci koji su prikupljeni tijekom kopnenih istraiva-nja e biti relevantni u daljnjem odreivanju izvornog izgleda ikonstrukcije mosta. Za vrijeme naeg istraivanja u sektoru je-dan pronaeno je vrlo malo sitnih arheolokih nalaza, kao tosu keramiki ili metalni predmeti, koji nam nisu mogli pomoiu odreivanju razdoblja kada je most bio u upotrebi. Veinom

su naene ivotinjske kosti bovida, sitniji fragmenti graevin-ske cigle i nedefinirani fragmenti eljeza. Jedan od rijetkih fra-gmenata oboda keramike mogao bi se okarakterizirati kao dio

oboda lonca (Slika 4.). Obod je na prijelazu u vratfiliran. Glina je ute boje, bez glazure. Sline lonnalazitu srednjovjekovnog grada Ruica i oni sriod od 15. - 17. st. (Radi, Boji 2004, 177 , T. 5

Sektor 2 je odgovarao drvenim pilonima koji sMuzeju Slavonije, a koji su bili spaeni od pljaod strane djelatnika muzeja nakon njihovog vaSvi nalazi koji su dokumentirani u Muzeju Slavotjeu s istog podruja koje je istraivano tijekomkampanje, a odgovara naem sektoru 1. Ukupnalazi 24 drvena pilona, koji su izmjereni, nacrtmentirani (Slika 7.). Po svojim karakteristikamaprevie od pilona iskopanih iz nasipa uz ribnjakvidljivi tragovi pucanja drva uslijed suenja grsu piloni u sektoru 1 bili u relativno zatvorenojni, njihovo stanje ouvanosti je neto bolje.

Podvodna arheoloka istraivanja provedena sunom Mala olakoji se nalazi u samom sredituinu od 270 m i irinu od 25 metara, a sredinminiraju dva otoia u potpunosti obrasla trsknalazi uz vee jezero od oko 1,8 ha koje se nazivpodvodnih istraivanja utvreno je da su pilonu podruju oko 25 sa 40 metara, u dijelu ribnmaksimalna dubinu 2,5 metra. Tijekom podvodistraivanja, ronioci su pronali 115 drvenih eleribnjaka, od kojih se veina nalazi in situ. Manji bmenata koji su vidljivi na dnu su premjeteni pozicije tijekom jaruanja ili proirenja ribnjakaslabe vidljivosti u vodi, koja je iznosila oko 15 cm

je bila jedna od glavnih metoda pretraivanja t

Da bi se poveala uinkovitost s obzirom na velinjaka, ronioci su radili u paru. Oni su meusobni s napetim uetom duine 2 metra, koje se poNa taj nain osigurali smo da piloni i drugi drvesu smjeteni na dnu ribnjaka ne ostanu neprise razlikuju po svojim veliinama i dimenzijamra pilonima koje smo dokumentirali na kopnda je poloaj u kojem su piloni zabijeni u dnoZamijeeno je da se piloni mogu raspodijeliti urjei su primarni nosei piloni koji imaju veliokrugle promjere i dosta su masivni i vrsti. Sepiloni su manjeg promjera i nalazimo ih u znaju nego primarnih. Obje grupe karakterizira to

okomito zabijeni u dno ribnjaka. Trea je grupara slinog sekundarnim noseim pilonima, no kuju po tome to su u dno ribnjaka zabijeni po45 stupnjeva. Njihova je svrha bila da se dodatkalne pilone, ali i sami most. Takoer je otkrivevenih dasaka na dnu ribnjaka, koji su vjerojatndio hodne povrine mosta. Veina pilona bili suplitkim dijelu izmeu sjevernog dijela otoia i na junom dijelu jezera bilo znatno manje. Raz

6. Documentation on the piles at the Museum of Slavonia/ Dokumentacija pilona u Muzeju Slavonije (Photo: RobertMoskovi)

7. The wooden piles drawn to a scale of 1:20 / Drveni piloni nacr-tani u mjerilu 1:20 (By: Vesna Zmai)

4. No metal jackets of the k ind often placed on the tips of piles to facilitate their penetration into the medium they are rammed into were found during the

research. The reason for this may lie in the short period of time in which the bridge was to be built, in which the builders were unable to supply themselves

with iron jackets. / Tijekom istraivanja nije pronaena nijedna metalna n avlaka koja se esto stavljala na vrh pilona da bi olakala njegovo prodiranje u medij

u koji se zabija. Razlog ovome moemo traiti u kratkom vremenskom roku u kojem je most trebao biti izgraen, te se graditelji nisu uspjeli opskrbiti eljeznim

navlakama.


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the bridge itself. Several wooden planks were also discoveredon the bottom of the fishpond, probably a part of the bridgeswalking surface. Most of the piles were concentrated in theshallow section between the northern part of the islet and dryland, while there were significantly fewer at the southern endof the pond. The reasons for this may be related to dredgingin the past, activities that destroyed wooden elements in thecentre of the fishpond. A somewhat greater depth at the cen-tral area and the silty bottom of this part may substantiate this.After dredging a fine layer of silt settles in the excavated dee-per area, and we found precisely this kind of soft layer of silthere during the dives. In contrast, at the northern part of thefishpond, in the areas where there has been no dredging, the-re is a firm sandy and clayey bottom.

During our research every wooden element found in the waterwas marked with a small buoy to facilitate subsequent geode-tic documentation (Figure 8). It was observed that a part of thebridge lies under the sandy islet in the centre of the fishpond.Because of the short time frame of our research effort and withthe aim of preserving and protecting the natural environmentof the fishpond it was decided that research in this part of thesandy islet would be halted during this archaeological campa-ign until it was ascertained with certainty that this is in fact avaluable archaeological site. Various marshland birds nest, na-mely, among the reeds on the sand islet, and we did not wantto threaten their natural habitant during this archaeological re-search. All of the wooden parts of the bridge were geodeticallyrecorded, providing an exact map of the site, their distribution,the depths at which they are found, and their relation to theoverall area of the fishpond and in relation to Esterhzy palace(Figure 9). Measurements of the distances between the largeperimeter piles that were probably the principal load-bearingelements of the bridge indicate that the bridge was from 12.5to 14 metres wide, while the greatest distance between woo-den piles was 15 metres. Given that we discovered only 13 lar-ge primary support piles during our research effort, we presu-me that it is too early to definitely conclude what the breadthof the bridge was. Nevertheless, according to this data it co-uld be wider that historical sources would lead us to conclude.We were also unable to confirm data we find in sources thatindicate that the bridge stood on eight piles in series that for-med the foundation of its structure. The distance between se-condary support piles varies from 20 to 140 cm and, while thedistance is in most cases about 100 cm, a repeating patterncannot be defined, nor is it possible to confirm historical data

that indicates that the distance between them was about 180cm. Their frequency is much greater than could be presumedfrom historical data. It is possible that this dense distributionof piles is the result of works on the bridge when it was in usewith the aim of improving and securing the stability of a da-maged structure.

After comparison against geodetic maps from the 17th and18th centuries, on which the route of the bridge is visible, it

biti povezani s jaruanjima u prolosti, djelatnosti koja je uni-tila drvene elemente u sredini ribnjaka. Neto vea dubina nasredinjem dijelu kao i muljevito dno tog dijela ribnjaka moebiti dokaz tome. Nakon jaruanja fini sloj mulja taloi se u pro-kopani dublji dio, a ovdje smo tijekom ronjenja pronali upravotakav mekani sloj mulja. Nasu prot tome, na sjevernom dijeluribnjaka, na dijelu na kojem nije bilo jaruanja, nalazi se vrstopjeano i ilovasto dno.

Tijekom naeg istraivanja svaki drveni element pronaen u vodije bio obiljeen s malom bovom, kako bi se naknadno mogaogeodetski dokumentirati (Slika 8). Uoeno je da dio mosta leiispod pjeanog otok u sredinjem dijelu ribnjaka. Zbog krat-kog vremenskog razdoblja istraivanja, te kako bi se zatitilo iouvalo prirodo okruenje ribnjaka odlueno je da e se u ovojarheolokoj kampanji istraivanja na ovom dijelu pjeanog oto-ka obustaviti, dok se sa sigurnou ne utvrditi da je ovdje zaistarije o vrijednom arheolokom nalazitu. Naime, unutar trskekoja raste na pjeanom otoku gnijezde se razliite vrste bar-skih ptica, te se tijekom ovog arheolokog istraivanja nije e-ljelo ugroziti njihovo prirodno stanite. Svi drveni dijelovi mo-

sta geodetski su snimljeni, ime se dobio toan plan nalazita,njihova raspodjela i dubine na kojima se nalaze, kao i njihovodnos naspram cijele povrine ribnjaka i dvorca Esterhzy (Sli-ka 9). Mjerenjem udaljenosti izmeu velikih rubnih pilona kojisu vjerojatno predstavljali glavne nosee elemente mosta, izra-unato je da je most bio irok izmeu 12,5 i 14 metara, dok jenajiri razmak izmeu drvenih pilona iznosio 15 metara. S ob-zirom na injenicu da smo za vrijeme naeg istraivanja otkrilisvega 13 velikih primarnih potpornih pilona, pretpostavljamo

da je prerano da se definitivno zakljui koja jIpak, prema ovim podacima njegove dimenzijire nego to se moe zakljuiti iz povijesnih nismo mogli potvrditi podatke koje nalazimo ugovore o tome kako je most stajao na osam pisu tvorili osnovu njegove konstrukcije. Udaljenkundarnih potpornih pilona varira izmeu 20 je ta udaljenost u veini sluajeva oko 100 cm,finirati uzorak ponavljanja, niti se mogu potvrddaci koji kau da je udaljenost izmeu njih iznoNjihova je gustoa puno vea nego to bi se tosnim podacima dalo pretpostaviti. Mogue je draspored pilona rezultat radova na mostu tijekgova funkcioniranja koji je imao za cilj poboljastabilnosti oteene strukture.

Nakon usporedbe s geodetskim planovima izkojima se vidi trasa mosta, zakljueno je da dkoje smo pronali odgovaraju poloaju Sulejmto upravo njegovom najsjevernijem krajnjemdijelu (Slika 10).

Datiranje radioaktivnim ugljikom uzorakauinjeno je na dva uzorka primarnih pot-pornih pilona koji su uzeti iz jezera. Onisu pokazali da je drvo potjee iz razdo-blja izmeu godina 1440. i 1650., to u vre-menskim okvirima odgovara razdoblju kada

je Sulejmanov most izgraen. Na istim uzorcimpresjek po irini te su oni poslani na dendrokroni analizu vrste drva (Slika 11). Analiza je pokazdrvu hrasta, tonije vrsti Quecrus species. Naal

je sauvan samo slijed od 30-ak godova, to nije bi se uklopili u postojee dendrokronoloke sljvu kojih se moe odrediti tona starost. Daljnjeloke analize novih uzoraka pomoi e nam oddatum kada je drvo koje je koriteno za izgradNa temelju tih informacija moi emo rei netstrukcijama i popravcima koje su raeni na mogodina njegova postojanja.

was concluded that the wooden elements we had found corres-ponded to the positions of Suleimans bridge, more preciselyits northernmost section (Figure 10).

Radiocarbon dating was done on two samples of primarysupport piles taken from the pond. They indicate that the woodoriginates from the period from 1440 to 1650, which correspon-ds to the time frame of the construction of Suleimans bridge.Cross-sections of the same samples were taken and sent fordendrological and wood type analysis (Figure 11). The analysisshows that the wood is oak, i.e. the Quercus genus. Unfortu-nately, a sequence of only about 30 years is preserved in thepiles, which is insufficient to integrate it into existing dendro-chronological sequences on the basis of which a precise agecould be determined. Further dendrochronological analysis ofnew samples will help us determined a more precise dating ofwhen the wood that was used in the construction was felled.Based on this information we will be in a position to say moreon the reconstructions and repairs made to the bridge duringits 120 years of existence.The geodetic surveys taken during the excavations wereanalysed later and a map was made of the distribution of pri-mary and secondary piles. The map shows the concentration

8. Mar king located wooden elements / Obiljeavanje pronaenih

drvenih elemenata (Photo: I. Miholjek)

11. A sample from the piles prepared for

dendrochronological analysis / Uzorak pilona prdendrokronoloku analizu (Photo: Mladen Pei)

5 We analysed two samples from the piles taken in situ at the fishpond. They were analysed at Beta Analytic Inc. in the U.S.A. using the

One of them yielded a result of cal AD 1440-1540 (Cal BP 510 - 420) and cal AD 1540-1630 (Cal BP 400 - 320), which transferred into conve

40 BP, while the other yielded cal AD 1450-1650 (Cal BP 500 - 300), which transferred into conventional age is 340 40 BP. / Analizirali sm

uzeta in situ iz ribnjaka. Oni su analizirani u Beta Analytic inc. u SAD-u koristei INTCAL04 baze podataka. Jedan od njih pokazao rezultat ca

BP 510 - 420) i cal AD 1540-1630 (Cal BP 400 - 320), to preneseno u konvencionalnu starost iznosi 390 40 BP, a drugi cal AD 1450-1650 (C

preneseno u konvencionalnu starost iznosi 340 40 BP.

6 The analysis was conducted by senior lecturer Dr. Tom Levani of the Gozdarski Institute of Slovenia. / Analize je izvrio doc. Dr. Tom Le

Intituta Slovenije.


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of wooden elements and their distribution, which has provi-ded insight into the dimensions and appearance of the brid-ge (Figure 12).The land and underwater archaeological research of theSuleimans bridge site at Darda has proven to be a very inte-resting project. The importance of this grandiose structure,

which caught the attention of all Europe for over two centu-ries, can be concluded from historical sources. Unfortunately,as is often the case, the events of the past are forgotten andpeople often fail to show enough care for their heritage. Thisunhappy fate has also befallen this structurenot only has itfailed to meet with a deserved appraisal of its significance inthe present time, and as a consequence an appropriate levelof protection and presentation; it has also seen its few preser-ved elements casually destroyed. Given the information wehave gleaned from historical sources and field research, wecan conclude that the remains of the wooden bridge can infact be identified as the northern end of Suleimans renownedbridge. Many questions remain open to further analysis and re-searchsuch as a determination of the exact dimensions ofthe bridge, its appearance and the phases of the constructionand reconstruction of the bridge. We hope that some of thesequestions will be answered in the future during new archaeo-logical research, and that this site will be presented in the fas-hion it truly deserves.

Geodetski snimci koji su dobiveni tijekom istraivanja naknad-no su obraeni, te je napravljen plan rasprostiranja primarnih isekundarnih pilona. Na planu je vidljiva koncentracija drvenihelemenata i nain njihova rasprostiranja, ime se dobio uvid udimenzije i izgled mosta (Slika 12).Kopnena i podvodna arheoloka istraivanja lokaliteta Sulej-manov most u Dardi pokazala su se kao vrlo zanimljiv projekt.Iz povijesnih izvora se moe zakljuiti kolika je vanost ove gran-diozne graevine koja je plijenila pozornost cijele Europe vie oddva stoljea. Naalost, kao to to je esto sluaj, proli se doga-aji zaboravljaju i ljudi esto ne pokazuju dovoljno brige premasvom nasljeu. Takva je nesretna sudbina zatekla i ovu grae-vinu, koja ne samo da nije dobila zasluenu vanost u dana-njem vremenu, a shodno tome i pravilnu zatitu i prezentaciju,ve su njeni rijetki ouvani dijelovi olako uniteni. S obzirom nainformacije koje smo sakupili iz povijesnih zapisa i iz terenskihistraivanja, moemo zakljuiti da ostaci drvenog mosta doistamogu biti identificirani kao sjeverni kraj poznatog Sulejmano-va mosta. Mnoga su pitanja jo uvijek otvorena za daljnje ana-lize i istraivanja, kao to su pitanja odreivanja tone dimenzi-

je mosta, izgleda, faza izgradnje i obnova na mostu. Nadamo seda e se neka od ovih pitanja rijeiti u budunosti tijekom noviharheolokih istraivanja, te da e ovo nalazite biti prezentiranona nain koji doista i zasluuje.

Bibliography / Literatura

Bsendorfer, J. 1910 - Crtice iz slavonske povijesti, Osijek, 1910.

elebi, E. 1973 - Putopis, Sarajevo, 1973.

Faroqhi, S. N. (ur.) 2006 - The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume3, The late Ottoman Empire, 1603 - 1839, New York, 2006.

Kovaevi, E. 1985 - Muhime defteri - Dokumentima, Sarajevo, 1985.

Matasovi, J. 1929 - Stari osjeki most, Posebni otNarodne Starine, Zagreb, 1929.

Matasovi, J. 1992 - Il vecchio ponte di Osijek (Tragi), Most / The Bridge 3, Zagreb, 1992, 5 - 47.

Mauran, I. 1960 - Turski Osijek (1526. - 1687.), Os,Osijek, 1960, 53 - 145.

Mauran, I. 1980 - Osijek i osjeka nahija 1579. gzbornik, Zagreb, 1980, 209 - 228.

Mauran, I. 1999 - Najvei graditeljski pothvat u Eumovare, (28.04 2010.)

Nadilo, B. 2005 - Nastanak i razvoj osjeke Tvre, GZagreb, 2005, 533 - 542.

Plihl, K. (ed.) 2002 - Grf Szchnyi Ferenc trkpinak katalgusa - The catalogue of count Ferenc Sand atlases, Budapest, 2002.

Radi, M., Boji, Z. 2004 - Srednjovjekovni grad Ru

Zaninovi - Rumora, M. 2008 - Hvarske komunalnei povrinu kroz stoljea, Radovi Zavoda povijesneZadru sv. 50 / 2008, Zadar, 2008, 105 -118.

Zirojevi, O. 1987 -Il famoso ponte d Essek, Zboske za istoriju 35, Novi Sad, 1987, 83 - 90.

ivkovi, P. 2008 - Turska osvajanja Slavonije, Srijenike i konfesionalne promjene kao posljedice tihjalog povjesniara - istoriara 10/1, Zagreb, 2005


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1. Aerial shot of Vetar Cove with indicated positions of

researched and unexplored possible piers / Zrana snimka uvaleVetar s naznaenim poloajima istraivanog i neistraenihpotencijalnih molova (by: Damir Matoevi)

Multiannual Research

at Vetar Harbour Near

RovinjLuka [email protected]

Uvala Vetar (Vetar Cove) is situated to the south of the townof Rovinj, on the western coast of Istra. The cove is well protec-ted from various winds and is as such a natural harbour. It is tobe expected, therefore, that the position could have been usedduring various periods of human histor y. Archaeological resear-ch had not previously been undertaken in this cove, and data onthe site had been gleaned from older archaeological literaturethat bore witness to the frequent incidence of chance finds. It isknown that mosaic tessera, glass, various kinds of marble and finegranite, parts of a roof tile, a tombstone, numerous Roman peri-od coins and the like had been found at Vetar in the past (Beki2001). The discovery of a Roman p eriod tomb, researched by ar-chaeologist Damir Matoevi in 1991, was to date the only findin Vetar to have been documented by an expert (Starac 1995).

After many years of bypassing Vetar Cove, in 2008 the underwa-ter archaeologists of the Croatian Conservation Institute launcheda field survey and made preparations for the first underwaterresearch. Planned along with this research was land research ofnumerous onshore walls for which support has not yet been fo-und. Underwater archaeological research was conducted at Ve-tar Cove in 2009, 2010 and 2011 based on the Croatian CultureMinistrys regularly planned cultural heritage protection pro-gramme and with the assistance of the City of Rovinj TourismBoard. This archaeological research is conducted jointly by theInternational Centre for Underwater Archaeology in Zadar, theCroatian Conservation Institute, the Bayerischen Gesellschaft frUnterwasserarchologie and the Rovinj Heritage Museum (BekiINPRINTa, INPRINTb; Bloier 2011; Beki, Vinji, Pei, Bloier, 2011).

Along with research head Luka Beki MSc, this campaign has todate involved the efforts of Igor Mihajlovi (deputy head), Mla-den Pei, Robert Moskovi, Vesna Zmai, Zrinka Ettinger-Star-

i, Marcus Prell, Christian Goerlitz, Dietlind Paddenberg, MarioBloier, Axel Sabisch, Tobias Pflederer, Thomas Reitmaier, RichardSchnell and outside diver associates Davor Miloevi, Nenad Star-i, Borna Krstulovi and Jerko Macura (Figure 10).

Joining these divers in the land team are archaeologists DamirMatoevi, Josip Vinji and Ivica Pletina. The land research hasnot yet been launched, but there has been some framework docu-mentation of Roman period graves and walls in the coastal belt.

Viegodinja istraivanjaluke Vetar kod Rovinja

Luka [email protected]

3.A restoredpostmedievalplatewitha depictionofGolgotha/ Restau-riraninovovjekovnitanjursprikazomGolgote(photo:JosipVinji)

2. The bottom of a Sarius type cup with ivy leaves depicted in

relief / Dno Sarius alice s reljefnim prikazom brljanovih listova(photo: Luka Beki)

4. Small multicoloured glass rods raw glass material asevidence of workshop activity / Raznobojni stakleni tapii - stakle-

na sirovina kao trag radionike djelatnosti (photo: Luka Beki)

5. Saint medal from 1622 / Svetaka medaljica iz 1622. godine(photo: Luka Beki)

Uvala Vetar nalazi se juno do grada Rovinja, naskoj obali. Uvala je dobro zatiena od razliitih jse tako namee kao prirodna luka. Oekivano je stloaj mogao koristiti tijekom razliitih razdoblja ljDosad u ovoj uvali nisu obavljana arheoloka istspoznaje o tom lokalitetu crpimo iz starije arheokoja svjedoi o estim sluajnim nalazima. Tako ju Vetru dosad pronalaene kockice mozaika, stmramora i finoga granita, dio krovne opeke, kamnatpis, brojni antiki novac itd (Beki 2001). Progrobnice, koju je istraio arheolog Damir Mato

je dosad jedini struno dokumentirani nalaz iz Ve

Nakon dugogodinjeg obilaenja uvale Vetar, 20arheolozi Hrvatskoga restauratorskog zavoda zgledom terena i pripremama za pr va podvodna iistraivanja planirana su i kopnena istraivanja bobali za koja zasad nije dobivena podrka. Tijeko2011. g. provedena su podvodna arheoloka istVetar, prema redovitom programu zatite kultnistarstva kulture Republike Hrvatske uz pomo nice Grada Rovinja. Arheoloka istraivanja zajeMeunarodni centar za podvodnu arheologiju urestauratorski zavod, Bayerischen Gesellschaft fchologie i Zaviajni muzej Grada Rovinja (BekiSKUb; Bloier 2011; Beki, Vinji, Pei, Bloier, 201

U njima su, osim voditelja istraivanja mr. sc. Luksudjelovali Igor Mihajlovi (zamjenik voditelja), Mbert Moskovi, Vesna Zmai, Zrinka Ettinger-StarPrell, Christian Goerlitz, Dietlind Paddenberg, MSabisch, Tobias Pflederer, Thomas Reitmaier, Rivanjski suradnici ronioci Davor Miloevi, NenaKrstulovi i Jerko Macura (Slika 10).

Uz te su ronioce u kopnenoj ekipi bili i arheolozvi, Josip Vinji i Ivica Pletina. Kopnena istraivpoela, meutim okvirno su dokumentirani neki zidovi u priobalnom pojasu. Ostaci arhitekture,sitnih predmeta nalaze se na duem potezu jueni su erozijskim djelovanjem mora kao i odnone posjetilaca. Stoga bi bilo vano da se i ti nalaoloki istrae i zatite.

Podvodna istraivanja obavljala su se zasad uglakog mola na junoj obali (Slika 6). Ova mol je sa

metara duine najdui u Istri, a zanimljivo je i da jrok 5 a na svom elu ak 10 metara. Uz mol su psonde dimenzija 2x2 metra. Jedna je postavljenani mola koja je u zavjetrini a druga na samom evanje ove dvije sonde potrajalo je tri kampanje.nano se dostigao arheoloki sterilni sloj na dnu o9). Dubine iskopa od dananjeg morskog dna smetra u sondi B. Kako bi se uspjelo probiti vrstomljenog kamena na tu dubinu iskopa, bilo je po


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a large number of flint tools on the pebbly seabed. We decidedto undertake a surface inspection of the entire location and todetermine four positions with the greatest density of surfacefinds. We marked these positions, and collected all surface fin-ds in a ten-metre radius from the centre points of these positi-ons by a circular inspection of the area. These finds were num-bered, and their distance and position in relation to the centrepoints were established. The exact position of each centre po-int was determined using geodetic GPS. Every fragment wasthus positioned and can be spatially situated, including in anabsolute geodetic network.

We collected over 270 artefacts at position 1, including flint to-ols, potsherds, fragments of wood and bone. A large tree trunkis buried at the centre. It is situated at a depth of about 4.5 me-tres. Position 2 is also situated at a depth of about 4.5 metres.Over 130 potsherds and flint tools were collected here. Over100 flint tools and potsherds were collected at position 4. It issituated at a depth of about 4.3 metres.

A very large number of archaeological finds where collected du-ring this years underwater archaeological campaign in the Pa-kotane bay area. The wealth of this site has opened problemspertaining to conservation-restoration treatment. All of thesearchaeological finds are currently at the Croatian ConservationInstitutes underwater archaeological finds restoration depar-tment in Zadar, our most competent and best equipped wor-kshop. The finds will undergo a lengthy process of desalinati-on followed by conservation-restoration treatment.

The most frequent finds in the Roman harbour area are sherdsfrom various ceramic bowls, pots, cups and the like. A part ofthe smaller vessels are of the thin-walled ceramics type, whi-le another part consists of terra sigillata (Figure 1). A large qu-antity of crude cooking ware was also discovered. We discove-red the majority of fragments from many broken vessels. After

desalinizacija i potom konzervatorsko-restauratorska obrada.

Na podruju rimske luke uglavnom su zastupljeni ulomci raznihkeramikih zdjela, lonaca, aa itd. Dio manjih posuda pripa-da keramici tankih stijenki, a dio tera sigilati ( Slika1). Pronae-no je i mnotvo grubog kuhinjskog posua. Otkrili smo veinuulomaka od mnogih razbijenih posuda. One e se nakon de-salinizacije moi u cijelosti restaurirati. U sondi 3 pronaena jejedna cijela uljanica s reljefnim prikazom enske glave koja nakosi nosi polumjesec, to upuuje na prikaz boginje Lune (Slika2). Prikupljeno je i mnotvo dijelova amfora, posebice tiplokiodredivih ulomaka, odnosno oboda i grla. Pred kraj istraivanjau dnu sonde 4 pronaena je i ve spomenuta razbijena amfo-ra. Prema svemu sudei rije je o vrsti Forlimpopoli, ili modavarijanti do sad neobjavljenog novog tipa Crikvenica (Slika 9).Svi njezini ulomci su prikupljeni pa se nadamo da e se i taj za-nimljiv nalaz uspjeno restaurirati nakon desalinizacije. Meunalazima izdvajamo i ovei ulomak uljanice knidske produkcijes grkim natpisom i reljefnim ukrasom. Pronaeni su i ulomci

desalination these can be fully restored. An intact oil lamp bea-ring a relief image of a womans head wearing a crescent moonin her hair, likely a depiction of the goddess Luna was found intrench 3 (Figure 2). A great many amphorae fragments were alsocollected, in particular sherds that can be typologically classified,i.e. rims and necks. The already cited broken amphora was foundnear the end of the research campaign at the bottom of trench4. It is by all accounts of the Forlimpopoli type, or perhaps a va-riant of a currently unpublished new Crikvenica type (Figure 9).All of its sherds have been collected and we hope that this fasci-nating find will also be successfully restored after desalination.Noteworthy among the finds is a large fragment of an oil lampof Knidian production with a Greek inscription and decoration

in relief. Unstamped tegula and imbrex sherds were also found.Next are a large number of glass vessel fragments. Noteworthyamong these is a rare type of glass stemwarea goblet (Figure3). It has been preserved in its full height, with only a small sec-tion of the rim missing. It is characterised by a plastic decorationof several perpendicular fields on its outer wall. Also very intere-sting is a find of a wooden ships pulley, the likes of which havepreviously been found in the sea off Pakotane. There are alsoworked wooden objects of currently undetermined purpose.

tegula i imbreksa bez peata. Slijedi vei broj unih posudica. Meu njima izdvajamo rijetku vrsna nozi pehar (Slika 3). Sauvana je u punoj vjoj samo manji dio oboda. Odlikuje se plastinkoliko okomitih polja na vanjskoj stijenci. Vrlo zlaz drvenog brodskog koloturnika, kakvi su se veni u podmorju Pakotana. Tu su i drveni obrza sada neutvrene namjene. Datacijski gledaza pripada razdoblju od 1. do 3. st. To potpunonalazima iz sonde 1 i 2 koje su istraivane prije n

Meu prapovijesnim nalazima najbrojnije su rke alatke. Uglavnom se pronalaze noevi i noiila. Kamena ronjaka ima razliitog, lokalnog slkvalitetnijeg, ukastog do crvenkastog te bijeloproslojima. Zasigurno su najkvalitetniji komad

terijala dopremani iz daljih podruja. Prikupljentaka i ronjakih jezgri koje svjedoe o izradi in alatke pronaeni su i ulomci keramike, uglavnos primjesama kamenia. Ovi ulomci su dosta iizloenosti na morskom dnu. Jedino nekoliko maka s pozicije 1 nije izlizano, jer su iskopani pldna. Prikupljeno je i par vjerojatno ivotinjskihmoda iz prapovijesnog sloja.

8. Geodetic GPS point surveying on the seabed /

Geodetsko GPS snimanje toaka pod morem (photo: Luka Beki)

9. Amphorae sherds in situ in trench 4 / Ulomci amfore in situu sondi 4 (photo: Luka Beki)

tane 2011 team members / lanovi ekipe iz Pakotana 2011.g.


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In terms of dating, most of the finds are from the period fromthe 1st to 3rd century. This corresponds entirely with the findsexcavated a few years ago from trenches 1 and 2 .

The most numerous among the prehistoric finds are vario-us flint tools. For the most part these are knives and blade-lets, but there are also scrapers and awls. There are varioustypes of flint stonelocal of lesser hardness, and those ofbetter qualityyellowish to reddish, white and grey withblack veins. The highest quality fragments of stone mate-

rial were certainly brought in from distant areas. Few fla-kes and flint cores were collected as evidence of fabricationin situ. Potsherds, for the most part black-fired with a tem-per of pebbles, were found along with the stone tools. The-se sherds are quite worn by long exposure on the seabed.Only a few ceramic fragments from position 1 are not worn,having been recovered from shallow excavation of the se-abed. A pair of what are likely animal bones was collected,perhaps from the prehistoric layer.

Prema C-14 analizi uzorka drva pronaenog na jednoj od ovihpozicija, koju je Metrov napravio prije nekoliko godina, nala-zite se moe datirati oko 6 000 godina BP odnosno oko etiritisue godine prije Krista. To je datacija kamenog doba (neoliti-ka), a prikupljeni nalazi zasada ne poriu ovu dataciju nalazita.

to se tie antikog mola, svakako je prioritet nekako odredi-ti njegov toan poloaj i dimenzije. Njegov okvirni poloaj sezasada prepoznaje samo kao nakupina razbacanog neobrae-nog kamena na podruju veliine oko 50 x 100 metara. Nisu

vidljivi nikakvi oiti tragovi rubova mola. Pronai njegov toanpoloaj je svakako teko s obzirom da se smatra kako je njego-vu konstrukciju dralo drvo a ne kameni blokovi. Stoga je je-dan od moguih pristupa ienje povrinskog sloja kamenana veem podruju i dokumentiranje svakog potencijalnog za-bijenog ili leeeg drvenog stupa. Taj pristup dosada nije pri-mijenjen na ovom nalazitu, te ovu mogunost ostavljamo zaiduu kampanju.

Covering trench 4 with geotextile after research has been completed / Prekrivanje sonde 4

tekstilom nakon zavrenog istraivanja (photo: Mladen Pei)

According to the C-14 analysis of a sample of wood foundat one of these positions done by Metrov a few years ago,the site can be dated to about 6,000 years BP, i.e. about fourthousand years before Christ. This is a dating in the StoneAge (Neolithic), and the collected finds for now do not con-tradict this dating of the site.As far as the Roman period pier is concerned, the priority iscertainly to somehow determine its exact position and di-mensions. Its approximate position is currently evident onlyas a cluster of dispersed unworked stone over an area ofabout 50 by 100 metres. There are no evid ent traces of theedges of the pier. Locating its precise position is certainlydifficult given the fact that it is considered that its structu-re was supported by wood and not by stone blocks. Oneof the possible approaches is, therefore, to clear the surfa-ce layer of stone over a larger area and to document everypotential rammed or lain wooden post. This approach hasnot yet been applied to this site, and we leave this possibi-lity for the next campaign.

Concerning the prehistoric site, we have determined thearea over which the site stretches by the distribution ofsurface finds and now have a basis upon which we can la-unch a thorough research campaign. Whether the resear-ch will be conducted via trenchingby smaller or explora-tory trenchesor whether work will immediately includethe systematic opening of a larger area remains to be deci-ded by an expert team next year. In any event, it would beinteresting to establish the character of the site and resol-ve the question of whether this was in fact a pile dwellingon the shoreline or only raised houses on the coast. We arealso interested in ascertaining the exact period this site wasin use and its character. We plan to organise an even largerinternational team of experts for the coming year that willorganise its work precisely and dedicate its efforts to thisimportant dual site.

to se tie prapovijesnog nalazita, rasporedom pza odredili smo podruja rasprostiranja nalazitagu na osnovu koje moemo zapoeti s pravim isli e se istraivanje provoditi putem sondiranja bdama ili probnim rovovima ili e se odmah zapootvaranjem vee povrine ostaje za odluku strugodine. U svakom sluaju, zanimljivo bi bilo ustnalazita i odgovoriti na pitanja da li se uistinu kom naselju na obali mora ili samo o nadzemobali. Takoer nas zanima tono razdoblje korilazita kao i njegov karakter. Za slijedeu godinganizirati jo veu meunarodnu strunu ekipucizno organizirati i posvetiti ovom vanom dvo

Bibliography / Literatura:

Brusi, Z., 2005. Luka Pakotane Jamice i poloia Sv. Justine i Velog kolja, Hrvatski arheol1/2004, Zagreb, 191-192.

Brusi, Z., 2006., Luka Pakotane Jamica, Hrvgodinjak, 2/2005, Zagreb, 306-307.

Ilki, M., M. Metrov, 2007., - Nalazi rimskog nna, Vjesnik Arheolokog muzeja u Zagrebu, 3339346.

Ilki, M., M. Parica, M. Metrov, 2007.,- Ancient pPakotane near Zadar, Proceedings of the 13th Aof the European Association of Archaeologists 18-23 September 2007). Session: Underwater Agreb, 2008., str. 212-221.

Parica, M., 2008. - Istonomediteranska keramluke u Pakotanima, Prilozi Instituta za arheobu, 25, Zagreb, 81-96.

8. Measuring and recording finds at a prehistoric site / Mjerenjei biljeenje nalaza na prapovijesnom nalazitu (foto Luka Beki)


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the objects have remained in their initial position, and whichrolled away after the shipwreck. The width of the chief con-centration of the finds is 410 centimetres, which tells us thatthe ship was a little over five metres wide. The length of theship probably did not exceed eighteen metres. It is presumedthat the ship could have had a tonnage of about 50 tonnes,which is consistent with a ship used for local navigation. Af-ter the drafting of the initial drawing, exploratory trenchingalongside the stone objects was undertaken the followingyear, to ascertain whether there might be further objects bu-ried under the sand and if there were preserved remains ofthe vessel itself.

Excavation to the east side of the site revealed a partially pre-served wooden ships structure. The layer of sand on which theship had come to rest was, unfortunately, insufficiently deep,and most of the structure has decayed. Several interestingadditional finds that belonged to the crew were also locatedduring the excavation. These are a ceramic pot and sherds fromother vessels, a ceramic oil lamp and a bone playing die. Alongwith these objects this year has yielded some highly corrodediron objects that probably belong to the ships equipmentand two bones.

New stone objects were found during the excavations. Another

irina glavne koncentracije nalaza, iznosi 410 cnam govori da je brod bio irok neto vie odina broda ne bi trebala prelaziti 18 metara. Pkako je nosivost broda mogla biti oko 50 tonra nosivosti broda namijenjenog za lokalnu pizrade poetnog nacrta, slijedeih godina prodiranje uz kamene predmete, kako bi se provjli ih ima jo ukopanih u pijesku i da li ima saunih ostataka broda.

Prilikom iskopavanja na istonoj strani lokali-teta, otkrivena je djelomino sauvana drve-na konstrukcija broda. Naalost, sloj pijeska nakoji je brod legao nije dovoljno debeo, pa jeveina konstrukcije propala. Tijekom iskopavanja pronaeno je i nekoliko zanimljivihpopratnih nalaza koji su pripadali po-sadi. To su keramiki lonac i ulom-ci drugih posuda, keramika ulja-nica te kotana kockica za igru.Osim toga, ove godine prikupljeni

1. Details of a newly-discovered sarcophagus lid with acroteria /

Detalj novootkrivenog poklopca sarkofaga s akroterijima(photo: Luka Beki)

A Roman Shipwreck with

Sarcophagi near Sutivan

on the Island of BraIgor [email protected]

In 2008 diver Ivica Matuli and Bra-based amateur archaeolo-gist Luka Dragievi discovered a large number of stone blocksand sarcophagi in the waters off Sutivan on the island of Bra.The following year underwater archaeologists of the CroatianConservation Institute joined divers of the Split-based Mor-nar Club to in investigate these reports. The first dive revea-led that this was in fact an important archaeological discoveryand underwater research was initiated.

The site is located at a depth of thirty-three metres, and coversabout forty square metres. Twenty-one stone objects, arran-ged in two rows, the lower of which is almost completely co-vered in sand, are visible. Four sarcophagi, three lids, one sto-ne jar with visible perforations, twelve stone blocks and onecolumn of circular cross-section are recognisable among the-se objects. The dimensions of sarcophagus no. 3 are 200x92cm; with a height of 72 cm. Lid no. 6 is of similar dimensionsof 215x107 cm. (Figure 1.)

The first step was to make a drawing of the visible stone re-mains using a sturdy aluminium grid installed over the site asa guide. From the arrangement it can be concluded which of

Antiki brodolom sa

sarkofazima kod Suti-

vana na otoku BrauIgor [email protected]

Ronilac Ivica Matuli i braki arheolog amater Luka Dragie-vi otkrili su 2008.g. u moru pred Sutivanom na otoku Brauvei broj kamenih blokova i sarkofaga. Slijedee godine na lo-kaciju su sa roniocima splitskog kluba Mornar doli podvod-ni arheolozi Hrvatskog restauratorskog zavoda kako bi pro-vjerili ove informacije. Ve prilikom prvog urona bilo je oitokako se radi o vanom arheolokom otkriu, pa su zapoetapodvodna istraivanja.

Nalazite se nalazi na dubini od 33 metra, a rasprostire se naotprilike 40 m2. Vidljiv je 21 kameni predmet sloen u dvareda, od kojih je donji red gotovo potpuno u pijesku. Meupredmetima se mogu prepoznati etiri sarkofaga, tri poklopca,jedna kamenica s vidljivom perforacijom, 12 kamenih bloko-va te jedan stup krunog presjeka. Dimenzije sarkofaga br. 3su 200x92 cm, a visina 72 cm. Poklopac br. 6 je slinih dimen-zija, koje iznose 215x107 cm (Slika 1).

Prvo je napravljen nacrt vidljivih kamenih ostataka, pomouvrstog aluminijskog mreita koje je postavljeno preko nalazi-ta. Prema rasporedu moe se zakljuiti koji su predmeti osta-li u poetnoj poziciji, a koji su se otkotrljali nakon brodoloma.

5. Diver decending to site / Ronilac se sputa na nalazite

(photo: J.Macura)

3. Bone dice / Kotana kockica

(photo: J.Macura)4. Oil lamp / Uljanica (photo: J.Macura)

2. An archaeological

bekic (ed) - potopljena baština / submerged heritage 1, 2011

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