bendrosios ir karo psichologijos pagrindai i

8/6/2019 Bendrosios Ir Karo Psichologijos Pagrindai I

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QD NDV GsVQLQJD %H WR SDVLWHONGDPD PRJDXVPRV IL]LRORJLMRV GXRPHQLV ML VWHQJLDVL LWLUWLWHPSHUDPHQWR LU NW QHUYLQLXV PHFKDQL]PXV 3YQHUYLQLR PHFKDQL]PR PHV QHJDOsWXPH VXYRNWL NDLODLN\WL LU SDQDXGRWL WRNLj GDXJ\E DWPLQW\MH V

3VLFKLNRV DSLEUsLPDV LU VWUXNWUD

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SDPsJGLRMLPR XJG\PR LU VDYLXJGRV iWDNRV WDqLDXVXVLM VX YLVD DWVNLURV DVPHQ\EsV WDSVPR LVWRUL

$SUD\WRV WU\V VNLUWLQJ SVLFKLNRV UHLNLQLEL 9LV L UHLNLQL QHPDQRPD WLHVLRJLDL SLRULQLDLV MXGHVLDLV NDOEsMLPX MLH RUJDQL]XRVHQj MDLV SDiVWDPD DSOLQND QXPDWRPRV DWHLWPRJXV DGDSWXRMDVL SULH JDPWRV VjO\J LU NLW PRQNRV UHLNLQL \SDW\EsV OHLGLD VXVLHWL MXRV i YLGYDVLQLX J\YHQLPX YLGLQLX SDVDXOLX LU SDQ

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NLWXRVH J\YQXRVH SULNODXVR QXR WR NRNi NUDLJ\YHQGDPDV

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6PHJHQ\V LU SVLFKLND

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ULDPV LU NLWRPV RUJDQL]PR VLVWHPRPV NDG LRV SSDGLUJLQLP LU IXQNFLRQXRW WHQNLQDQW RUJDQL]PR

SDY PRJDXV FHQWULQV $ LU SHULIHULQVVFKHPRV SDJDO ' +HVHW &HQWULQ QHUYEXUR LU JDOYRV VPHJHQ SHULIHULQ L JDXVLDLPD]JHOL

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NRN\E VX VPHJHQ VYRULX WDqLDX WDL EXYR NODLG3RPLUWLQLDL \PLPRQL VPHJHQ W\ULPDL , 7XUJHQHYR VPHJHQ\V VYsUs

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6PHJHQ\V LU WROLDX WLULDPRV iYDLULDLV PHWRSDHLGLPDL VPHJHQ ELRVURYsV J\YQ HOJVHQD GLUJLODLGLQLQNXV DWVNLUDV M VPHJHQ VULWLV PRJDXVQHUY VLVWHPj SVLFKRIDUPDNRORJLQsPLV PHGLDJRPLVVPHJHQ YHLNOD LU MRV U\LDL VX VXGsWLQJLDXVLPDDL LWLUWL

PRQL LU HPHVQLM J\YQ SVLFKLND3VLFKLNRV UHLNLQLDL EGLQJL QH WLVSHFLDOL W\ULP SDVWHELPH NDG PV QDOLDL VNLULD VSDOYDV JLUGL JDUVXV SULV

SDWLULD HPRFLMDV VNLULDVL WHPSHUDPHQWX NLWDFKLQi J\YHQLPj 1HUHWDL J\YQ HOJVHQD VWHELQD VOLSGR NRULXV WRNLRV IRUPRV NDG M WDOSD EWPDLDXVLDL PHGLDJRV 3DXNqLDL QHNODLGLRGDPLNUDWXV LU EH YDUJR JUiWD i VDYR OL]GXV %HEUVXGsWLQJDV XWYDQNDV GO NXUL SDNLOV YDQGXRXUYXV EHL GDXJ\Es NLW SDY\]GL

1HJ\YRMRMH JDPWRMH SDQDL UHLNLQL QHUDVJ\YRMRMH JDPWRMH PHV MDX SDVWHELPH UHLNLQL QLXV $XJDODL MDX UHDJXRMD i YLHV NDPEDULQs JsOs SDO NLWXV LRULQLXV SDGLUJLQLPXV 7RNL VDY\EL WXUL LU ERV NXUSHOsV LU NLWL 7DqLDX WRNV VXJHEsMLPDV UH SVLFKLNRV SUDGLD

3VLFKLNRV UHLNLQLDLV YDGLQVLPH WRNLXV UHLNSDiVWDPRV DWVNLURV GDLNW VDY\EsV VSDOYRV NYD*HEsMLPj

DWVSLQGsWL MXVWL VDY\EHV MDX WXUL PROLXVNDLODLN\VLPH SULPLW\YLDXVL SVLFKLQL UHLNLQL SD

*\Y QSVLFKLND


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VWXEXULQLDL J\YQDL XY\V SDXNqLDL LU NLWL SDiVWD QH WLN DWVNLU VDY\EHV EHW LU SDqLXV GDLNWXV NDLS YLVXPDV6XGsWLQJLDXVL VWXEXULQL

LNL PRJDXV YDGLQDPRVLRV PRJLQsV EHGLRQsRUDQJXWDQJDL QH WLN SDiVWD DSOLQNRV GDLNW VDY\EHV VXJHED LVSU VWL LU SDSUDVqLDXVLXV XGDYLQLXVUHLNDODXMDQqLXV PjVW\PUDFLM 7DLJL SDVWHELPH NDG WREXOHVQL J\YQDVLVWHPj LU SVLFKLNj SDY

SDY 6WXEXULQL J\Y Q JDOYRV VPHJHQ SDY+MXEHO

LPSDQ]V PRJDXV


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3DJULQGLQs SULHDVWLV QXOsPXVL J\YQ SVLFKLEWLQ\Es SULVLWDLN\WL SULH DSOLQNRV LU WDLS L 3ULVLWDLN\WL SULH DSO J\YQDV JDOL GYLHP EGDLV DUED NHLVGDPDV VDYR

LVLDXJLQGDPDV VSDUQXV DWULXV QDJXV JDPLQG DUED NHLVGDPDV HOJVHQjSDVWHEsGDPDV LU SDJDXGDPDV WDLVLDOLQGDPDV NLOXV SDYRMXL LU SDQ 2UJDQL]PRSHU PLOLMRQXV PHW .HLVWL HOJVHQj JDOLPD JUHLWDOLQNj LU WLNVOLDX YDOGDQW VDYR RUJDQL]Pj % WHQOLDYLPDV NXUi XWLNULQD SVLFKLNRV UHLNLQLDLWREXOLDX SULVLWDLN\WL SULH DSOLQNRV 'sO WR SVLHYROLXFLMRV VXGsWLQH GDOLPL

*\YQ SVLFKLND LU HOJVHQD QsUD WRNLD SURWLQJD SUDGL 1XVWDW\WD NDG ELWsV LU WROLDX QHD PHG

VXEDG\WL EHEUDL VWDWR XWYDQNDV LU WXRVHO\JLV \UD SDVWRYXV 7LNVOLQJL J\YQ YHLNVPDL iVLQDWUDOLRVLRV DWUDQNRV EGX QDXGLQJL YHLNVPDGLPL DOLQJL QHNDUWRMDPL LQ\NVWD7RNLD WLNVOLQJD L NDUWRV i PD J\YQ HOJVHQD \UD YDGLQDPD LQVWLQNWDLV ,QVWLQ GLQs EHVWXEXUL XY SDXNqL LU NLW J\YQ SVLFK ,QV WLQNW WXUL LU PRJXV J\Y\EsV LODLN\PR GDXJLQLPRVL QXR NLW J\YQ LQVWLQNW WXR NDG \UD iVLVjPRQLQWL JXOLXRMDPL*\YQ HOJVHQRMH \UD QH WLN SDYHOGsW EHW LU N GXDOLDL iJ\W YHLNORV IRUP J\YQDL LPRNVWD WDP WL PDLVWR YDQGHQV LYHQJWL SULH LU SDQ'UHVLUXRW J\YQ SDVLURG\PDNXRVH MU PX]LHMXRVH LU NLWXU SDWYLUWLQD WIRUPRV YDGLQDPRViJGLDLVLUiSURqLDLV

/DELDXVLDL LWREXOsM J\YQLMRV DWVWRYDLFKLQsV YHLNORV NXULRV LQVWLQNWDLV LU VXVLIRUQHJDOLPD SR\PL

9RNLHqL SVLFKRORJDL 9 .LROHULV . .RIND LU NSLUPLHML SUDGsMR VXGsWLQJRV PRJEHGLRQL HOJVHQDOLD QDUYR SDGHGDPDV EDQDQDV NXUi EHG

DWVWXPDV QHOHLGLD MR SDVLHNWL 3R QHVsNPLQJDOLD MRV HVDQqLj OD]Gj LU SULVLWUDXNLD EDQDQjJHEsGDYR L GYLHM WUXPSHVQL OD]G VXNLXVLRV MLU SDVLHNWL YDLVL 3R WR YDLVLXV EGDYR SDNDE


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OLROLNRV QHVsNPLQJ EDQG\P SDVLHNWL EHGLRQsVNLWRV QHW WULV GsHV LU DQW M XOLSXVLRV QX

SDY 9 .HOHULR EDQG\PDL VX EHGLRQP

$ELHP DSUD\WDLV DWYHMDLV EHGLRQL HOJID]sV SDUHQJLDPRML SDVLGDURPD LOJHVQ OD]GD VEW EHSUDVPLND EH WROLPHVQL WLNVO LU Y\NPDV 7RNLj HOJVHQj JDOLPD SDYDGLQWL SDSUDVqLDXVL PjVW\PR XGD VSUHQGLPXQHV qLD QHXWHQND iJLPW DU LPRNW YHLNVQDXM

9LV GsOWR SDQDLXV XGDYLQLXV J\YQDL VSUHQG R PsJLQLP LU NODLG PHWRGX SXVLDX DWVLWLNWLQDL7DLJL QRUV LU SDVWHEsGDPL J\YQ HOJVHQRMH LQWHPHQ PHV WXULPH NRQVWDWXRWL NDG M PjVW\PR JDO

SDY


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SDY %HGLRQL LQWHOHNWLQLR SDMJXPR W\SULHPRQL SDQDXGRMLPR D E F LU PJGLRMLPR GGLRQV YDOJXPR ULERWXP E\ORMD MRV QHVXJHEMLNXL VX VXOWLPLV SULVLWUDXNWL UHLNLD WHPSWL YXJQLDL JHVLQWL DWVLQHD YDQGHQV L NXELOR QRXSHOLR SDJDO = 9DF U P


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1RUV PRJDXV MXWLP DWPLQWLHV LPRWHPSHUDPHQWR LU NDL NXULH NLWL UHLNDWLWLQNDPDLV HPHVQL M J\YQ SVLFKLNRV

MLH \UD LU SDNDQNDPDL VNLUWLQJL /DELDXVLDL PRJDXV SVLFKLNj QXR N SVLFKLNRV VNLULD VjPRQsV LU VDYLPRQsV UHLNLQLDL6jPRQ JDOLPD DSLEUsWL NDLS DXNqLDXVLj SVLIRUPj EGLQJj WLN PRJXL 6jPRQs WDL JHEsMLPDV PjVW\WL LVN DSOLQNRV NDLS VX MD VDQW\NLDXMDQWi LU Mj SDiVWD6jPRQsV SULJLPWLHV SUREOHPD L HVPsV WDL PjVW\PR SULJLPWLHVWLQJD EW\EH SUREOHPD

PRJXV QH WLN SDiVWD WLNURY EHW LU LQR DS MR UHLNP LQGLYLGDPV LU JUXSsPV6jPRQH PRJXV SHUPDQR NDV WSDVWRYX NDV NLQWD DSLEHQGULQD NLWLPXV EHL MGsVQLXV EHL GsVQLQJXPXV 'sVQL EHL GsVQLQJXP SDLQDWVNLUWL GDEDUWi QXR SUDHLWLHV SURJQR]XRWL DW

6X PRJDXV VXJHEsMLPX DEVWUDNqLDL PjVW\WL \UDYDL]GXRWs6XJHEsMLPDV NXUWL YDL]GLQLXV QHWXULQqLX MXWLPLQLDPH GDLNW VXYRNLPH WHFKQLNRV NRQVW YDL]GXRWs LU IDQWD]LMD \UD L HVPsV WR SDWLHV W

9LHQDV VYDUELDXVL PRJDXV VjPRQsV EUXR \UD WYHLNVPDPV VXWHLNLD YDOLQJ YHLNVP SREGi9HLNVP VjPRQLQJXPDVUHLNLDVL M WLNVOLQJX SDVLULQNLPX 9DOLD VNLUHOJHV\V \UD WLHVLRJLDL UHJXOLXRMDPDV ELRORJLQL PDV YHLNVP GHULQLPDV VX SDVLUHQNDPDLV WLNVOPHQsV HJ]LVWDYLPR HVP 9DGLQDPRML PRJDXV YDOLVLYDGDYLPR L JDPWRV YDOGLRV PDVWDV MR JDO

PRJDXV VjPRQsV VWUXNWUD \UD JODXGLDL VXVYHLNOD W \ WLNURYsV SDLQLPX9LVXV VjPRQLQJDL LJ\YHQDPXV SDLFHVXV SRMWi VXYRNLPj GsPHVi DWPLQWi PjVW\PjN\WL VjPRQsV VWUXNWURV GDOLPLV 7DqLDX \SDWLQJjXLPD PjVW\PDV NDLS YLHQDV VYDUELDXVL VjPRQPjVW\PDV UHLNLDVL WDP WLNUDLV IL]LRORJLQLDLV SUJHQ\V \UD PjVW\PR iUDQNLV 7DqLDX YLHQ WLN IL]LRDLNLQWL PjVW\PR WXULQLR QXVWDW\WL DSLH NSUREOHPD \UD VSUHQGLDPD NRGsO ML PRJ GRPLQD .DLS YHLNLD VPH JHQ\V LU DSLH N \UD PjVWRPD WDL GX YLHQDV VX NL JL GDO\NDL

PRQLSVLFKLND


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0jVW\PDV GDUR PRJ LQGLYLGXDO\EH-LV VNLULDVL QXR NLW\PLDL GDXJLDX DVSHNW QHJX WRV SDqLRV ELRORJLQs Y\MH PRJDXV LQGLYLGXDO\Es \UD VDYLWDL NRQFHQWVNLULDQWLV Mi QXR NLW WRV SDqLRV YLVXRPHQsVVjPRQsV VXGsWLQJXPDV GDUR Mj VDYDUDQNLNX PRNVO 6jPRQsV GDOLV VXVLMXVL VX SDWLHV PRJDXV SDLYLPRQH 6DYLPRQs WDL VDYRMR $ VDYR DVPHQ\EsV I VXSUDWLPDV6DYLPRQs SDGHGD PRJXL iYDLULDLV DVSHNWDVNLUWL QXR YLVNR NDV QH $ VXSUDVWL VDYR NJDPWRMH EHL YLVXRPHQsMH LU UHJXOLXRWL SDWi VDYNDV WLNVOLDX SDLQGDPDV WLNURY PRJXV WXR6jPRQs LU VDYLPRQs LDXNWLQDQWL PRJ NDUWX V WUD JL]PR PRJDXV EqLDL*\YQDL VX VDYD SVLFKLND WDLNRVL SQD LU PLUWD QHVXSUDVGDPL VDYR EWLHV ODLNLVLDLNLQWL EWLHV SUDVP EHW QHUDQGD MRMHDPLQR J\YHQLPR EHW NDUWX VXSUDQWD JUHVLDQWVDYR EWLHV WUDJL]Pj PRQsV NXULD ILORVRILQLXV DOLXV

;; D SUDGLRMH DXVWU SVLFKRORJDV = )URLGDWDL NDG PRJXV QsUD WLN VjPRQLQJD EW\Es6DSQDL KLSQR]sV UHLNLJHWDFLQs RUJDQL]PR YHLNOD iYDLUV LQVWLQNWLQLD

NRMH \UD GDXJ UHLNLQL NXUL PRJXV QHYDOGR LUVjPRQV UHLNLQL Y\NVWD X MRV ULE 3Y] NDOEsLQR WLNVOj NDOEsMLPR WXULQi VXSUDQWD SDVHNDOEsMLPR SURFHVDV NDLS UDQGDPL DWPLQW\MH UiJDUVLQDPL NDLS GXRGDPRV NRPDQGRV DUWLNXOLDFLUDQNDL Y\NVWD X VjPRQsV ULE 6SsMDPD NDGPRJDXV SVLFKLNRMH XLPD DSLH YLV SVLFKLNNHLqLD MXWLPXV EHL NLWXV UHLNLQLXV WDLS NDGJ\YQ VPRQV UHLNLQL HUHOLV PDWR WROLDX QHJiYHOJLD NXU NDV GDXJLDX QHJX HUHOLV 1XR HPHVQL M J\YQ ODEDL VNLULDVL iYDLULDXVL WDV PRQL EHQGUDYLPDVNXULR GsND PRQsV QH WLN JDOL SDVFLMD EHW LU VXNDXSWL EHL SHUGXRWL DWHLQDQqVSDUWHVQLDLV WHPSDLV WREXOLQWL VDYH EHL YLVX


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3VLFKRORJLMRV W\ULPR PHWRGDL

.LHNYLHQDV PRNVODV NDLS LQL VLVWHPD WXWRG NXULDLV UHQND LQLDV DSLH VDYR WLULDPXPLMRV PRNVO W\ULPR SDJULQGLQLV PHWRGDV \UD HNVSPRNVOXL PHQNDL JDOL SDGWL LD UHLNLD ULQNWL iWL 3VLFKRORJLMRV PRNVOXL W\ULPR PHWRG SDVLUUHLNPLQJHVQs QHJX NLWLHPV PRNVODPV 3VLFKLNRVQHPDQRPDVWHEsWL WLHVLRJLDL M QHJDOLPD QHL SDPDW\WL MXWLPR RUJDQDLV 7DG NRNLX EGX JDXWL LQL DS

-HL NLWR PRJDXV SVLFKLNRV VWHEsWL QHiPDQRPSDLQWL VDYR SDWLHV YLGLQi J\YHQLPj 7DLS iVLWYL VDYLVWDERV DUED LQ SHNFLMRV PHWRGDVNXULV SVLFKRORJLMRV PRNVOH Y\UDYR LSXVsV

,DQDOL]DYXV NLW PRNVO IL]LNRV FKHPLMRVVLUHPLDQqL HNVSHULPHQWLQLR W\ULPR PHWRGDLV PHNMR NDG VDYLVWDERV PHWRGR GXRPHQ QHJDOL SDNDSDGDU\WL ,J\YHQLPDV LU YLHQDODLNLV VWHEsMLPDJUiWDPRML VDYLVWDED GsO DWPLQW\MH Y\NVWDQqL UUHLNLQL JDOL SDWHLNWL QH YLVDL SDWLNLP GXRLJ\YHQD SDWV WXRV LJ\YHQLPXV VWHEL LU DSLEHQ

JDOL QHWLNWL NLW LQGLYLG LJ\YHQLPDPV 'sO L WSVLFKLNRV UHLNLQLDPV WLUWL LPWL QDXGRWL LUPHWX \UD ODLNRPL VWHEsMLPR LU HNVSHULPHQW PHWRGDL

1DXGRGDPDV VWHEsMLPR PHWRGXVWLULDQW\VLV ODXNLD NROUHLNLQLDL NLOV QDWUDOLDL 6WHELPL LU UHJLVWLRULQLDL SDVLUHLNLPDL YHLGR PLPLND LU SDQWRNDOEsMLPX LU NW 3DVWHEsWL SDVLUHLNLPDL SURWILOPXRMDPL LU L W GXRPHQ GDURPRV LYDGRV DSLHUDPHQWR LU NLW UHLNLQL \SDW\EHV

7DLN\GDPDV HNVSHULPHQW PHWRGXVWLULDQW\VLV QHODXNLDGDXMDPL UHLNLQLDL QDWUDOLDL DWVLUDV R VSHSHULPHQWXRMDQW VXWDXSRPD ODLNR JDOLPD SURFHGGsVQLQJXPDL UHLNLQLDPV VXNHOWL LU UHJLVWUXRWEHOLHND USLQWLV HNVSHULPHQWLQLXV W\ULPXV ODVjO\J SDY


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SDY 'PHVLR LU MXGHVL NRRUGLQDFLMRV EHL W

%H L SDJULQGLQL PHWRG SVLFKLNRV UHLNLQL MDPL DSNODXVRV SRNDOELR DQNHW VRFLRPHWULMRVYHLNORV UH]XOWDW ELRJUDILQLR W\ULPR EHL WHVW

$SNODXVRV PHWRGDL SRNDOELV DSNODXVD LQWULPDV WXUL EHQGU EUXR EWHQW YLVXRVHULXRV WXUL DWVDN\WL WLULDPLHML DVPHQ\V SDEW JDXQDPL NXR SDWLNLPHVQL DWVDN\PDL YLVLNDQqLM VDYLVWDERV GXRPHQLPLV \UD SDUHQJWD VVXWYDUN\PR WHFKQLND %HQGUL UHLNDODYLPDL LHPQHWXUL EWL GYLSUDVPLN NODXVLP QHDLNLRV UHLWXUL DWLWLNWL WLULDP M LQWHUHVXV LQLDV LUEWL SHU LOJDV SDJHLGDXWLQDV SDODQNXV NONRQWDNWDV UHLNLD SDDLNLQWL NODXVLQsMLPRDWVDN\P SDWLNLPXPXL GLGHO WDN GDUR DQRQLPLQULDPLHML DVPHQ\V WXUL EWL WLNUL NDG M DVPHQL

LVN\UXV WXRV DWYHMXV NDL SDW\V WLULDPLHMLGsO WR QHSULHWDUDXMD

'DEDU DSWDUVLPH SDJULQGLQLXV DSNODXVRV PHWR $QNHW PHWRGDV-LV WDLNRPDV WDLV DWYHMDLV N

IRUPDFLMj DSLH WHLJLQLXV QXRPRQHV YHUWLQLPXV7DqLDX PDVLQsV DQNHWRV EGLQJHVQHV VRFLRORJLQLD MRV W\ULPXRVH GDQLDX ULERMDPDV DSNODXVLDP DV


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LSOHqLDPDV DQNHW WXULQ\V NDG EW JDOLPD JDXDWVDNDQqLM SVLFKLQLXV UHLNLQLXV M HOJVHQRVFLMDV DVPHQ\EsV VDY\EHV WDUSDVPHQLQL VDQW\NL

*DXWRV LQIRUPDFLMRV SDWLNLPXPR SUREOHPD OGRMDQW DQNHWDV QHJX WLULDQW NLWDLV PHWRGDLVLQJXPDV JDOL SULNODXV\WL QXR WLULDPM SRLULRVLP VXSUDQWDPXPR QXR W\ULPR SURFHGURV DWVDNNLW SULHDVqL

/DEDL VYDUEX WLQNDPDL DQNHWDV SDUHQJWL -NODXVLPXV NDG MLH VXGRPLQW DSNODXVLDPXRVLXVVXGsWLQJHVQL NODXVLPDL 3DW\V VXGsWLQJLDXVL WX.ODXVLPDL WXUL EWL DLNLDL VXIRUPXOXRWL NDDLNLQWL

.ODXVLPDL L NXUL VXGDURPD DQNHWD VNLUXGDUXRVLXV LU DWYLUXRVLXV 'LFKRWRPLQLDLV YDNDODXMD DWVDN\P WDLS DUED QH X DUED SUL YDGLQDPL WRNLH NODXVLPDL i NXULXRV DWVDN\PDLVDNDQqLDMDP OLHND WLN SD\PsWL Wj NXULV ODEL$WYLUDLVLDLV YDGLQDPL WLH NODXVLPDL i NXULXRVDWVDNDQWLHML *DQD GDQDL DQNHWRVH GHULQDPLPDL

3DUHQJXV DQNHWj N\OD NODXVLPDV NLHN MLODPV 'sO WR SLUPDVLV DQNHWRV YDULDQWDV SDSUDVOLX DSNODXVLDPM NDG JDOLPD EW QXVWDW\WLNODXVLPDL DU QXWHLNLD MLH WLULDPXRVLXV QXRLNLHN ODLNR UHLNV DWVDN\PDPV LU NW 3R SDWLNULLU SDUHQJLDPDV JDOXWLQLV MRV YDULDQWDV

'DQLDXVLDL SDVLWDLNDQqLRV NODLGRV SDGDURNHW NODXVLPXV SDWHLNLDPL SHU GDXJ WLHVPXNVXNHOLDQW\V DWVDNDQqLRMR QHSDVLWLNsMLPj SDQHLYDUGLQDPL YLVL JDOLPL DWVDN\PDL NODXVPDLQD DWVDNDQqLRMR VDYDUDQNLNXPj

$WVDN\P SDWLNLPXPXL WXUL UHLNPsV LU DQN$QNHWD GDO\YDXMDQW WLULDQqLDMDP JDOL EWL XJDOL EWL LSODWLQDPD SHU NLWXV DVPHQLV SHU U9LVDLV DWYHMDLV VYDUEX NRNLH DQNHWRV WLNVXSLOGDQW DQNHWj GDO\YDXMD SDWHLNsMDV WDL V \UD LWLQ VYDUEV -HL DQNHWRV QDXGRMDPRV SDH


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U\PR LU DQNHWDYLPR SURFHGURV WDLV\NOHV WDLPRNVOLQsV YHUWsV QHWXUL

5XV SVLFKRORJDV $ .RYDOLRYDV VLOR \SDWLQJjWDYLPR EGj $QNHWD SDWHLNLDPD GDUELQLQN EULJDUXL DU NLWRNLDL PRQL JUXSHL $WVDN\PDL i NLHNYVYDUVWRPL SULLPDPD GDXJXPRV QXRPRQ LU WLN WD*UXSsV QDULDL NXULH QHVXWLQND VX EHQGUD JUXSsVDYR DWVNLUDV QXRPRQHV $ .RYDOLRYR SRLULXDSLH NROHNW\YLQ QXRPRQ JDOLPD VYDUVW\PR PHWX V YLQs QXRPRQs IRUPXRMDVL 0 V QXRPRQH LQIRUPDFLMQsUD SDWLNLPD QHV qLD SDHLGLDPDV DQNHWRViWDN DWVDN\PDPV JDOL GDU\WL LU JUXSsV O\GHULDLJDOL YLHQDLS DU NLWDLS SDYHLNWL DWPRVIHUj VYDUVDQNHWDYLPR EGDV QH YLVDGD JDOL EWL WDLNRPDV

,QWHUYLX SRNDOELR PHWRGDV-XR VXUHQNDPD PHGLDJDULDP M UHVSRQGHQW VX NXULDLV SDODLNRPDV WLNDQW LQWHUYLX PHWRGj LQIRUPDFLMj WHLNLD QH WLQ\V EHW LU iYDLULRV M QHRGLQsV UHDNFLMRV URGNODXVLPXV

0RNVOLQLV LQWHUYLX VNLULDVL QXR NLW SRNDDQNVWR SDUHQJLDPL WLNVOLQJL NODXVLPDL SDUHQND

QXPDWRPL UHVSRQGHQWDL DWVDN\P ILNVDYLPR EGDLNDG WLULDQW\VLV PRNsW QXVWDW\WL WLQNDPXV NRPRNsW YHVWL SRNDOEi

,QWHUYLX PHWRGDV VXGDUR JDOLP\EHV iVLJLOLQWLNVOLQWL iYDLULDV GHWDOHV VWHEsWL UHVSRQGHQHiPDQRPD SDGDU\WL DQNHWDYLPR PHWRGX 7DqLDX NODVPHQ\Es EHW LU NDLS O\GHULV GLDGRMH NODXVLQsVWLSULj iWDNj DWVDNDQqLDMDP 3DVWDUDVLV GDXJLDNODXVLDQqLRMR VWLOLDXV QXRWDLNRV DU QHW SDLQHWLNVOL6NLULDPL VWDQGDUWLQLV LU NU\ELQLV LQWHUYOLHNDPDV SDJDO JULHWDL UHJODPHQWXRWj SURJUDPjPXOXRWL NODXVLPDL SDWHLNLDPL QXVWDW\WD WYDUNWLNVOLDL ILNVXRWL DWVDN\PXV LU YHUWLQWL M GX

.U\ELQLV QHVWDQGDUWLQLV LQWHUYLX QXPVLQsMDQqLRMR YDULDFLMDV DSNODXVRV QXPDW\WD WGHQWR DWVDN\PXV UHDNFLMDV LU NLWDV DSOLQN\EHV


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SDVLUHQJWL MLV JDOL EWL DWOLHNDPDV VX PDH.HEOLDX PHGLDJj ILNVXRWL LU DSGRURWL

6RFLRPHWULMD3ULH DSNODXVRV PHWRG SULVNLULDNLHqLR ' 0RUHQR SDVLO\WDV LU LWREXOLQWDVVNLUWDV QHIRUPDOLHPV VDQW\NLDPV JUXSsVH WLUWLSDVLULQNLPDV 7LULDQWLHML JUXSsV QDULDL WXDSLEGLQDQqLXV NLWXV JUXSsV QDULXV SDVLULQNWLSRLOVLXL DU WDUSDVPHQLQLDP EHQGUDYLPXL 3DJDOQDULDL SDVLVNLUVWR i SRJUXSLXV URGDQqLXV M VJUXSsV LQWHJUDOXPDV LU JODXGXPDV 3ODqLDX DSLHVN\ULXMH VNLUWDPH VRFLDOLQHL PRQL JUXSL SVL

3VLFKLQL UHLNLQL O\JLDPV QXVWDW\WL \UD QD WHVW PHWRGDL7HVWDL \UD PDWHPDWLNDL VXWYDUN\WRV LU SDWLNULDV VSUHQGLD WLULDPDVLV LU JDXQD W VSUHQGLSULNODXVR QXR WLULDPR REMHNWR 9LHQRNL WHVW LQWHOHNWXL NLWRNL YDOLRV MsJDL DWVSDUXPWHPSHUDPHWUXL DU iYDLUL UL VXJHEsMLPDPV LPDWHVW SDWHLNLDPD LRV NQ\JRV SDEDLJRMH U SULH

%H WR DSLH VXJHEsMLP PDWDYLPj LQWHOHNWRNDOEsVLPH NQ\JRV VN\ULXMH VNLUWDPH DVPHQ\EsV SV

3VLFKRORJLMRV DNRV WLNVODL UHLNP .DUR SVLXRODLNLQs SVLFKRORJLMD \UD LQL VLVWHPD

FKLQsV WLNURYsV VULWLV 3DJULQGLQsV SVLFKRORJLMR %HQGURML SVLFKRORJLMDQDJULQMD SDJULQGLQHV SVLFKR

EOHPDV MRV WLNVOXV PHWRGXV VjYRNDV LU NW $VPHQ\EsV SVLFKRORJLMDDSUDR LU DLNLQD DWVNLUR

FKLQLXV SURFHVXV EVHQDV VDY\EHV 6RFLDOLQs SVLFKRORJLMDWLULD PRQL JUXSL LU DVPHQ\E

QRV JUXSsVH SVLFKLQLXV UHLNLQLXV $PLDXV WDUSVQL DUED Y\VW\PRVL SVLFKRORJLMD O YDLNR SDDXJOLR MDXQXROLR VXEUHQGXVLR LU VHQ

=RRSVLFKRORJLMDW\ULQsMD HPHVQLM J\YQ SVLFKLNR \SDW\EHV

3VLFKRSDWRORJLMDWLULD LU DLNLQD OLJXLVWRV SVLF 6SHFLDOLRML SVLFKRORJLMDDQDOL]XRMD iYDLUL RUJDQL]PR D

DNOXPR NXUWXPR iWDNj SVLFKLNRV Y\VW\PXLVL LU


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3VLFKRORJLMRV LVWRULMDGRPLVL SVLFKRORJLMRV PRNVORVYDUELDXVL MRV SUREOHP VSUHQGLPX

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7DLJL SVLFKRORJLMRV U\\V VX NDULQH YHLNOD QNDUR SVLFKRORJLMRV DWVLUDGLPj SDJULQGLQHV SURiWDNj SVLFKLQLDPV SURFHVDPV EXV NDOEDPD NLWXRVH

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MXWLPR RUJDQ SDUDQRUPDOL GLDJQRVWLND OLJRV MRNLDLV REMHNW\YLDLV LU MXWLPX VXYRNLDPDLV OLJ

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NRN\ELNDL WREXOHVQLDLV SDLQLPR N YLPR VXJHEMLPDLV3DJULQGLQLV SVLFKLQL UHLNLQL W\ULPR PH

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Mi ODLNs EWLQD SURWLQLR SDLQLPR VjO\JD $ULV YsOHVQL ODLN PRNVOH - YHLNLDPDV URPsQ J\G\WRMD . *DOHQDVDSLH

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UDQNj LU NU\SWLV9 9XQWDV SDSLOGs DVRFLDFLQ SVLW\Y M YDLGPHQi SULVNLUGDPDV DSHUFHSFLMDLVXVLMXVLDL VX GsPHVLX3VLFKLQL UHLNLQL DVRFLDFLMDV SULSDiVWD DLNLQGDPD DWPLQWLHV PjVW\PR LU NLWXV SDLQLPR

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PHWRGDLV W\ULQsWL QH WLN SVLFKRIL]LQLXV LU SVLQLXV UHLNLQLXV

i GDUEj SUDGsMR 9 9XQWDV PHWDLV /HLSFL SHULPHQWLQsV SVLFKRORJLMRV ODERUDWRULMj LRV OD ODLNRPL HNVSHULPHQWLQsV SVLFKRORJLMRV LU NDUWX PRNVOR SUDGLD/DERUDWRULMRMH VXNXUWD DSDUDWUD EXLU VXYRNLPDL UHDNFLM JUHLWLV GsPHV\V DVRFLDFFKLNRV UHLNLQLDL 9 9XQWR DWOLHNDPL W\ULPDL SVLMRV LU NDL NXUL NLW YDOVW\EL PRNVOLQLQN GsPHODERUDWRULMRVH R JUi i VDYR DOLV NUs SDQPHQW PHWRGDL WDSR SDJULQGLQLX LQL DSLH SVLFKEGX R 9 9XQWDV QXR WDGD LPWDV YDGLQWL SVLF

SDY 9 9XQWDV

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YDLUL DOL SVLFKRORJLMRV ODERUDWRULMRVHUHLNLQL W\ULPR GXRPHQ\V EXYR QHYLHQRGDL DLNSUDGLRMH DWVLUDGR NHOLRV VNLUWLQJRV SVLFKRORPRV QDXMDLV IDNWDLV MRV LVLODLNs LNL L GLHQ

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GHOsV iWDNRV WXUsMR ( 7RUQGDLNR LPRNLPR W\ULPDV$WOLN V HNVSHULPHQWVX HPHVQLDLVLDLV J\YQDLV ( 7RUQGDLNDV QXVW SDNDUWRMLPR LU HIHGsVQLXV 0DW SDVLNDUWRMDQW UHDNFLMRPV i VWLPNXULRV WHLNLD RUJDQL]PXL Nj QRUV QDXGLQJD 7ROL YLRULVWDL WXUsMR SULSDLQWL NDG HVDQW YLHQRiYDLUXRMD %XYXVL VFKHPD 6 5 6 VWLPXODV 5VFKHPD 6 ; 5 NXU ; UHLNLD WDUSLQi WDUSDSLEUsW NLQWDPjMi ( 7ROPHQDVWXR NLQWDPXRMX ODLNs J\YQ . +DODV iJGLXV LU NW

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SDVLUHLNLD VDSQDLV SVLFKLNRV VXVLUJLPDLV QD


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SDY = )URLGR SVLFKLNRV VFKHPD NXU LVXSHUHJR SRVWUXNW UV

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PRJ YHOJLjV WLN NDLS i GLGHO LXUN NULWLNDYRPRJDXV DVPHQ\E i WDUSXVDY\MH NRYRMDQqLDV VjPRQs+XPDQLVWLQs SVLFKRORJLMD GDXJ GsPHVLR VNLULD SHGQHL SUDNWLNDL 'sO MRV iWDNRV DWVLVDNRPD NRPDVLHNLDPD NDG SHGDJRJDL EW PRNVOHLYL DVPHQ\EsVLU SDJDOELQLQNDL 3VLFKRWHUDSHXWDL JHUEGDPL NLSLUPLDXVLD WXUL USLQWLV MR DVPHQ\EsV SRWHQFLJDOsW VXVLNXUWL UHLNLDPXV VDQW\NLXV VX DSOLQN +XPDQLVWLQs SVL FKRORJLMD DNFHQWDYXVL DVPHQ\EsV XQLNDOXP SDGDU WHRULMDL LU SUDNWLNDL$WVLVDNLXVL HNVSHULPHQWLQL PHWRG LIHQRPHQRORJLQLDLV DSUD\PDLV ML WDUS PRNVOLQLQ

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PDGDXJ PHW DWVLOLNR QXR SDVDXOLQsV SSDY

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JLQNO NLHN\Es LU JDOLD EHW LU PRJLNDVLV IDNWRUL FKRORJLMD

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NDUi .DUR SVLFKRORJ SDUHQJWL LU EDWDOLRQR YDGR SDVLU JHUD SVLFKRORJLQLR SRYHLNLR SULHPRQH SDGsMXVLD V VXRPHQsV U\LXV GLGLQWL JLQNOXRWM SDMsJ DXWRU VOXRNVQLXRVH

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NDUR SVLFKRORJLMRMH GLGHOLV GsPHV\V VNLULDPDV NDiWDPSRV LU SHUYDUJLPR SUREOHP W\ULPDPV

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iYDLUV ODSHOLDL SURYRNDWRULDL JDQGRQHLDLSURSDJDQGRV SULHPRQL GDUDQL VWLSU SRYHLN P

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PDPV LU VXYRNLPDPV EHL NLWLHPV SVLFKLQLDPV SURFHLU SDYRMDL NXULH GDQDL XNOXPSD NDULXV IURQWPD ,,, ,9 EHL 9 DPH LRV NQ\JRV VN\ULXRVH WRGsO GULQsVLPH

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SLQsV VXJHVWLMRV iWDLJRV LUDLND QHV GLGLLOLNWL J\YLHPV

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5HJsMLPR SRMqLDLGRPLQXRMD PRJDXV MXWLP VLVWHPRNDG UHJsMLPR SRMqLDLV PRJXV JDXQD DSLH YLVFLMRV $WLWLQNDPDL DSLH WRNLRV LQIRUPDFLMSRMqL U\V5HJsMLPR SRMqLGLUJLNOLV \UD PLOLPLNHOHNWURPDJQHWLQsV EDQJRV % QD WUXPSHVQL LU LUDXGRQLHML LU XOWUDYLROHWLQLDL VSLQGXOLDL WOL DSDUDW MLH QHVXNHOLD 5HJsMLPR UHFHSWRULXVVXGsWLQJj DQDWRPLQ VWUXNWUj ML WXUsW EWL]LRORJLMRV NXUVR 5HJsMLPR SRMqLDPV VXVLGDU\WGDOLV \UD DNLHV WLQNODLQs -RMH LVLGsVqLXVLRV

3RMqL U\V


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*LUGsMLPR SRMqL UHFHSWRUL VXGDUR LRULQ,RULQsV DXVLHV SDVNLUWLV \UD RUR YLUSHVL SULsPGLQ DXVi 9LGLQsMH DXV\MH VYDUELDXVLDV \UD .RUSDQDXV GDULQ\V NXULR YLGLQsVH VLHQHOsVH LVLOJsMDQqL VNDLGXOsOL -DX PLQsWDV IL]LRORJDV + + NODXVRV UH]RQDQVLQ WHRULMjNXUL WHLJLD NDG DWLWLQNDQqLRV YLUUH]RQXRMD SDqLRV SUDGHGD YLUSsWL %GDPRV V YLQsPLV OjVWHOsPLV MRV SHUGXRGD MDXGLQLPXV iVULWi NXU LU VXVLGDUR JDUV SRMqLDL

*LUGsMLPR SRMqLDL WHLNLD LQIRUPDFLMj DSLHV\YXPj WHPEUj LU YLHWj L NXULRV JDUVDL RURDXNWXPR MXWLPDV SULNODXVR QXR YLUSHVL GDQLWXR DXNWHVQL JDUVDL ,QWHQV\YXPDV SULNODXVRWHPEUDV QXR SDSLOGRP YLUSHVL NXULH VXSD SDJQXOHPLDQWi RUR EDQJDYLPj 9LHWj L NXULRV VNOLQVLDL SDGHGD QXVWDW\WL WDL NDG PRJXV JLUGLPHWX SDVLHNGDPL YLHQj DU NLWj DXVi YLUSHVLDLDOWLQLR HUGYLQ SDGsWi

9LEUDFLMRV SRMqLDL\UD LHN WLHN SDQDV i JLUGsMLP MDLV MXQWDPL RUR DU NLW PHGLDJ SY] DXWRPR YLEUDFLMRV SRMqLXV YDGLQD NRQWDNWLQH NODXVD6SHFLDOL YLEUDFLMRV UHQHVXUDVWD PDQRPD NDG YLEUDFLMRV SRYHLNLXV JDDXGLQLDL 9LEUDFLMRV SRMqLDL JDOL SDGsWL SDVWHNHQNVPLQJ YLEUXRMDQqLRV DSOLQNRV SRYHLNL VYHNXUqQHE\OLDPV YLEUDFLMRV MXWLPDL L GDOLHV NR

SDVWHEsWD NDG NXUWL PRQsV PsJVWD NODXV\WL MRQR GDQJWi DU SULLPGDPL QXJDUD QXR RUNHVWUR V

8RGLPR SRMqL GLUJLNOLV \UD VPXONLRV PHGLDJ GDNDQqLRV i QRVLHV HUWP 8RGLPR UHFHSWRUL VXGSOsYHOsMH LVLGsVqLXVLRV XRGLPR OjVWHOsV VXMXVPHJHQ LHYsV VPLONLQL VULW\MH HVDQqLDLV XRGSRMqLDL PDDL W\ULQsWL MLH YDGLQDPL YDUGDLVQRNLXV DU NLWRNLXV NYDSXV DO\Y EHQ]LQR LU WSDNDQNDPDL MDXWUL XWHQND NHOL PROHNXOL NYNDG SDMXVWXPH NYDSj WDqLDX NDL NXULH NLWL J\NDUW MDXWUHVQ XRVO 3DVWHEsWDV GLGHVQLV QHUUXPDV SDJDO NYDSj MLH VNLULD YLHWRYHV SDVWDW


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6NRQLR SRMqLRGLUJLNOLV \UD iYDLULRV PHGLDJRV LQ\MH VHLOsVH DU NLWXRVH VN\VqLXRVH 6NRQLR UHVNRQLR VYRJQsOLDL LVLGsVW OLHXYLR U\NOsVFHSWRUL SHUWYDUN\WL SDGLUJLQLPDL MDXGLQLPDL S \UD VNRQLR MXWLP FHQWUDL LU WHQ VXNHOLD VNRVNLULD VDOGXPR NDUWXPR UJWXPR LU VUXPR SRJLD XRGLPR WHPSHUDWURV OLHWLPR SRMqLDL LUQL MXWLPDL - \SDW\EsV NHLqLDVL QXR SRUHLNL PDLSRUHLNLDPV HVDQW MDXWUXPDV VNRQLXL SDGLGsMDSULHLQJDL 1HPDRV iWDNRV VNRQLR MXWLPDPV WXUEHL NLWRV DSOLQNRV \SDW\EsV

/LHWLPR WHPSHUDWURV VNDXVPR LU QLHXOLRUHFHSWRULDL \ULVLGsVW RGRV SDYLULXMH 'O WR SVLFKRORJLQMHQDPL RGRV SRM LDLV

/LHWLPR UHFHSWRULDLOLHWLPR WDNDL RGRV SDYLULX YLHQRGDL 'DXJLDXVLDL M \UD UDQN SLUW LU GHOQSDYLULXMH 0DLDXVLDL QXJDURV VULW\MH /LHWOLHqLDP GDLNW SDYLULDXV VDY\EHV O\JXPj LXUNNLHWXPj VN\VWXPj LU NW /LHWLPR SRMqLDL MXSRMqLDLV VSHFLILQLDLV DSqLXRSLPR MXGHVLDLV OHDWVWXPXV WDUS M

6NDXVPR SRMqLXVVXNHOLD DUED VSHFLILQL VNDXVPRPDV DUED ODEDL LQWHQV\YXV OLHWLPR LU WHPSHUD6NDXVPR SRMqLDL SUDQHD DSLH NHQNVPLQJXV GLUJL(NVSHULPHQWLQLDL W\ULPDL SDURGs NDG VNDXVPR SPLQJ GLUJLQLP NRN\E GULPR GHJLQLPR SMRYLPR MQLP LQWHQV\YXPj

7HPSHUDWURV SRMqLXVVXNHOLD DXNWHVQsV DU HPHUDWURV X NQR WHPSHUDWUj GDLNW SULVLOLHWLLOXPRV LU DOqLR WDN DOqLXL MDXWUHVQs MDXWUL NUWLQsV VULWLV 1LHXOLR SRMqLDL\UD ODEDL PHQNDL W\ULQsWL GsO WROLQsV LQIRUPDFLMRV DSLH MXRV QHSDWHLNVLPH

LD EXYR WUXPSDL DSYHOJWRV DWVNLURV LRULDSYHOJVLPH YLGLQLXV SRMqLXV NXUL UHFHSWRULD

2UJDQLQL SRMqLUHFHSWRULDL LVLGsVW iYDLUL YVNUDQGLR DUQ VLHQHOsVH LUGLHV O\WLQL RU


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-DLV JDXQDPH LQIRUPDFLMj DSLH YLGDXV RUJDQ YRUJDQL]PDV IXQNFLRQXRMD QRUPDOLDL RUJDQLQL SRM

%HQGUD VDYLMDXWD JHUD MXQWDPDV HQHUJLQJOLPDV (VDQW NRNLHPV QRUV DWVNLU RUJDQ VXWULNHPRFLQLEVHQ


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ULPR MDXWUXPX VXJHEsMLPDV SDMXVWL QHW QHSDVLNHLWLPXV

$EVROLXWLQLDP MDXWUXPXL DSLEGLQWL QDXGRMUXPR VOHQNVqLR VjYRND $EVROLXWLQLR MDXWUXPR VOHQNVWLV \U QLPR G\GLV VXNHOLDQWLV YRV SDVWHELPj SRMWi.XR GLGHVQLV MXWLPR RUJDVROLXWLQLV MDXWUXPDV WXR PDHVQsV GLUJLQLPR MUDVWL i GsVQLQJXPj ;,; D YRNLHqL SVLFKRIL]LRORJ)HFKQHULV IRUPXODYR WDLS DEVROLXWLQLV MDXWUXPVOHQNVqLXL DWYLUNqLDL SURSRUFLQJDV G\GLV PRJDWLQLV MDXWUXPDV \UD ODEDL GLGHOLV -HLJX DWPRVPRJDXV DNLV JDOsW NP DWVWXPX PDW\WL YWNVWDQWRVLRPV YDNsV GDOLPV 'LGHOLV LU PRQSY] GLUEWLQLR PXVNXVR NYDSj PRJXV SDMXQWD QHRUR \UD EHQW YLHQD LPWDPLOLMRQLQs GDOLV PL

HPHVQL M J\YQ NDL NXUL MXWLPR RUJDQ MDXWUXPXRVOs SDXNqL UHJsMLPDV LU NW

-DXWUXPR VN\ULPXL DSUD\WL QDXGRMDPsV VN\UL 6N\UL PR VOHQNVWLV \UD PLQLPDOXV GLUJLQLP SDVLNHLWLPDV SRMqL SDVLNHLWLPj3RMqL VN\ULPR VOHQNVqLXV W\Us SUD3 %XJHULV LU YRNLHqL SVLFKRIL]LRORJDV ( 9sEHULV -VN\ULPR VOHQNVWLV \UD VDQW\NLQLV G\GLV LUHL

NRNLR G\GLR SLUPLQLR GLUJLQLPR GDOi UHLNLD SULSRN\Wi 3Y] MHL XGsVLPH DQW UDQNRV J VYRUiGDU J WDL PRJXV SDMXV VNLUWXPj 7DqLDX MWDL SULGsMXV J QLHNDV VYRULR SDGLGsMLPRVYRULR VN\ULPR VOHQNVWLV \UD GDOLV SLUPLQLPLQLR U\NXPR R JDUVR SLUPLQLR VWLSUXPR

7LHN DEVROLXWLQLV MDXWUXPDV WLHN VN\ULPR-LH SULNODXVR QXR MXWLPR RUJDQXV YHLNLDQqL GLUPHWX SDWLULDP SRMqL LU QXRODWLQL J\YHQLPR VjO\

$GDSWDFLMD\UD MDXWUXPR SDNLWLPDV DWVLUDQGDQGLUJLQLPR VWLSUXPR 'DQDL DGDSWDFLMD SDVLUHL7\ULPDL SDURGs NDG SDEXYXV DSLH YDODQGj WDPVRMSDGLGsMD DSLH WNVW NDUW 3DEXYXV YLHVR3UDNWLNDL YLVL SDVWHELPH NDLS LsM L WDPVYLHVj PHV NHOHWj PLQXqL NRO UHJsMLPR MDXWUXPDPH $GDSWDFLMj WDPVDL SDVWHELPH SDWHN L YLHV


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*UHLWDL DGDSWXRMDVL QH WLN UHJsMLPR EHWSHUDWURV SRMqLDL sM L JDWYsV i EORJDL LNYDSj MXQWDPH WLN YLHQj NLWj PLQXW $WVWDW\WLPLQXqL

%DQG\PDL URGR NDG VOsJLPR SRMWLV i RGRV SVHNXQGL VXPDsMD LNL GDOLHV WRV MsJRV NXWXV 'sO WR PRJXV QHMXQWD GUDEXL VOsJLPR LHDNLQL LU SDQ

$GDSWDFLMj SULH WHPSHUDWURV VY\UDYLP LOPHQWDV -HLJX YLHQj UDQNj PRJXV SDODLN\V NHOHWjR NLW & YsVLDPH YDQGHQ\MH LU SR WR DEL UDQUDWURV DSLH & YDQGHQi WDL LV YDQGXR YNLWDL NDUWDV

/WDL DGDSWXRMDPDVL NLQWDQW NODXVRV LU VNNXULH VNDPED \SD EH SHUWUDXNRV LOJHVQi ODLNjNYDSDL EHW GDU NXU ODLN E QD JLUGLPL -HL QHJHVL DU NDPEDU\MH WLNVLQqLR ODLNURGLR WDLWXR PRPHQWX EQD VXNRQFHQWUXRWDV QH MXRVJDUVXV YsO JLUGVLPH SLUPLQLX VWLSUXPX 3DQDSRMqLDLV SULH NXUL DGDSWXRWLV E W SDYRMLQ

YDLUL SRM L MDXWUXPDV JDOL SDGLGWL DU

RUJDQLQL SULHDVL 7RNLH SDNLWLPDL \UD Y VHQVLELOL]DFLMDiMDXWULQLPX-LH Y\NVWD GsO iYDLUL IL]LRORJLQL RUJDQPRWHULPV QsWXPR PHWX NHLqLDVL NDL NXUL HQGRNDUWX SDGLGsMD XRVOsV LU VNRQLR MDXWUXPDV WNW

3RMqL VjYHLNDYDGLQDPDV YLHQ SRMqL MDXWUXPR SVXPDsMLPDV GsO NLW WXR SDqLX PHWX JDXQDP SRMVXPDLQD UHJsMLPR MDXWUXPj QHV MLV VLJQDOL]XHVDQqLXV REMHNWXV NXULHPV DSWLNWL UHJsMLPDVGHOLV JDUVDV SDGLGLQD UHJsMLPR MDXWUXPj QHV JDNLWXV MXWLPR RUJDQXV WHLNLDQqLXV LQIRUPDFLMj

1XVWDW\WD NDG SRMqL VjYHLND SULNODXVR LJLQL VNLUWXP ,QWUDYHUW NODXVRV MDXWUXPDV SDGYLHVD OLHND SDVWRYXV HVDQW YLGXWLQHL LU(NVWUDYHUW NODXVRV MDXWUXPDV SDGLGsMD GLUYLHVD 7DL URGR NDG SRMqL VjYHLND \UD DVPHQ\EUH]XOWDWDV


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7RNLD YLVXPLQs YHLNOD EGLQJD LU VLQHVWH]LMRPVNXULRV SDVLUHLWXR NDG YLHQRV ULHV SRMqLDL JDOL VXNHOWL NVXNHOWL VSDOYRV YLHVXV VRSUDQDV WHPSHUDWEDULWRQDV LU NW SRMqLXV 6LQHVWH]LMRV SDVU\NLDL L PX]LNRV LVWRULMRV LQRPH DSLH N.RUVDNRYR LU $ 6NULDELQR VSDOYLQsV NODXVRV IDNW

.LHNYLHQR PRJDXV SRMqLDL EH EHQGUMLU DVPHQ\ELQL VNLUWXP 7LH VNLUWXPDL SLUPLDX DWVLUDQGD GsO iJLPW DQDWRPLQL IL]LRO

RUJDQ \SDW\EL $SLH PRJ QHWXULQWi PX]LNLQsV NODXVRVVDNRPD -DP PHND DQW DXVLHV XP\Qs .LWDLS SPRJDXV NODXVD \UD SUDVWD 1HYLHQRGDL WREXODWXR NDG YLHQL PRQsV JHULDX VNLULD VSDOYDV LUXXRVWL NYDSXV LU SDQ

.LWD SRMqL VNLUWXP SULHDVWLV \UD M SDNLWLPiWDNRV/\JLQDQW SLDQLVW LU VPXLNLQLQN JDUV DXNWXQXVWDW\WDV VPXLNLQLQN NODXVRV SUDQDXPDV QHLHNRWL GDQLDX 3DW\U ODNQDL L NODXVRV QXVW

9 .DXIPDQR W\ULPDL -LH VNLULD GDQLXV QXNLP SHU PLQXW R QHWUHQLUXRWL PRQsV MXQWD VDSVLVXNLP 3DW\U V YDLUXRWRMDV L NODXVRV QXVWLPLQXRWRMDV JLOLDL SR YDQGHQLX SLUWDLV DWVNXWDLVXV QXR NLW PHWDOLQL GDLNW WDPSXRWRMMDXWUXPDV - /DSsV W\ULPDL 0HGLDJ GD\PR VSHFLD

MXRGRV VSDOYRV DWVSDOYL 8RGLPR LU VNRQLRVULR Y\QR LU NLW SURGXNW GHJXVWXRWRMDPV LU N

$SWDULDQW SRMqL VNLUWXPXV DWVLUDGXVLXVPR VjO\J iWDNRV UHLNLD SD\PsWL NDG SRMqL WREXGYLHP NU\SWLPLV SDGLGsMD YLHQ LU NLW MXWLPRUXPDV LU VXPDsMD VN\ULPR VOHQNVqLDL LU DWLWGLUJLNOL VN\ULPR MDXWUXPDV $WVNLU SRMqL UL SDNLWLPDL Y\NVWD LU GsO SRMqL NRPSHQVDFLMRV$QWDL XRGLPR SRMqLDL GDXJHOLXL SDLQLPXL QHWXUL GLGHVQsV UHLNPsV WDqLDX QHWDPSD SULHPRQH SHU DWVWXPj DWVNLUWL PRQHV LSDiVWD i NDPEDUi isMXVLXV PRQHV L NYDSR VSUHHLQD LU SDQ


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DWVLVXN QXJDUD i RUNHVWUj NDG WDLS JHULDX SULNODXVR

)DNWDL DSLH SRMqL SDNLWLPXV DWVLU QLPR VjO\J iWDNRV GLUEDQW SURIHVLQL VXWULNXVL SRMqL NRPSHQVDFLMRV U SRMqL VDY\EsV JDOL EWL WREXOLQDPRV

NDOERV PX]LNRV SLHLPR LU NLWRNLRPLV SUDW\ERPLV GDUEX SURIHVLQH YHLNOD

-XWLPR RUJDQ MDXWUXPDV SDODLNRPDV GLGLQD]LRORJLQsPLV SVLFKRORJLQsPLV IDUPDNRORJLQsPLV EHPRQsPLV

3ULH IL]LRORJLQL SULHPRQL JDOLPD SULVNLUWL U\WLQ PDQNNYsSDYLPR SUDWLPXV RUJDQL]PR JUGLQLPj YDQGHQV

3VLFKRORJLQsV SULHPRQsV GLGHOLV DWVDNRP\EsV MDXVPDEXGUXPDV SDNLOL QXRWDLND VXVLGRPsMLPDV GDUEXGsPHVLQJXPDV

-DXWUXPj LHN WLHN GLGLQD LU IDUPDNRORJLQsV SULHPRQsVYDLUV YDLVWDL NDYD DUEDWD NLWL WRQL]XRMDQW\V JsUNDL PLQXqL JDOL SDGLGLQWL LU QHGLGHOLV DONRKROVWDLJD VXPDsMD JDOL VLHNWL WLN SUDGLQLRSULHDVWLHV DONRKROLR NDLS MDXWUXPj GLGLQDQ

NRPHQGXRMDPD .DLS URGR DQNVqLDX SDWHLNWL SDY\]GLDL GLGH JDQ EHL SRMqL MDXWUXPDV UHLNDOLQJDV DWVNLU SURI PR RUJDQ LU SRMqL WUHQLUDYLPDV iHLQD i NDL NXUL S SUR JUDPDV3Y] VSHFLDOLRPLV SULHPRQsPLV WUHQLUXRMDQDXW YHVWLELXOLDULQLV SXVLDXVY\URV MXWLPRUHVQLV GLGHOsPV RUJDQL]PR SHUNURYRPV EHL JHULDXUXPR VjO\J QHVXNHOW MXWLPR LU DSOLQNRV VXYRNVNLU MR GDOL MXWLPR RULHQWDFLMRV HUGYsMH SUD

6X EVLPDLVLDLV NRVPRQDXWDLV GDURPL LU SVL MLH YHLNLDPL iWDLJD VXNXULDPD iWDUXPR DWPRVIHSUDWLQDPL QXJDOsWL EDLP ODXNLPj QHWLNUXPj QHPLQJRV EDLJWLHV LU NLWD 7DL GDURPD QH WLNEVLPM NRVPRQDXW FKDUDNWHUi LU YDOLj EHW LU VVLVWHPDV SDUXRWL MDV HNVWUHPDOLRPV VNU\GLORJLQsV iWDPSRV JDOL VXWULNWL MXWLPDL LU VXYRN

-XWLPR VLVWHP MDXW

UXPR SDODLN\PDV LUODYLQLPDV


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(NVWUHPDOLRPLV VjO\JRPLV QHUHWDL WHQND YHLNWL7RGsO NDUL MXWLPR VLVWHP ENOs EHL M JHEsMLPDV SULVLWDLVYDUEXV NDULXRPHQsV NRYLQLR SDVLUHQJLPR YHLNVQ\QDL EHL SRMqLDL WLNULQDPL GDU SULH WDUQ\Ej NUH]XOWDW SULNODXVR DU MDXQXROLV EXV SDDXNWQ\MH NRNLRV ULHV NDULXRPHQsMH MDP WHNV WDUQXRODWRV SDODLNRPDV SRMqL MDXWUXPDV -LH OVXGsWLQJRPLV SULPHQDQqLRPLV Pi VjO\JRPLV EHL SO\EsV SURJUDPj %ORJD NDULR MXWLPR RUJDQ ENOs EHVXWUXNG\WL MR NRYLQLDP SDVLUHQJLPXL NDULQsVJHEsMLPXL HIHNW\YLDL YHLNWL HNVWUHPDOLRPLV VjO\JR

3DWLNULQLPR WHVWDL

. DWVSLQGL P V SRM LDL"P V SDL DWVNLU MXWLPR RUJDQ VSHFLILDSOLQNRV GDLNW DU UHLNLQL VDY\EHVVLHORV SDNLWLPXV DWVLUDGXVLXV GO DS

.LHN LQRWH PRJXL E GLQJ SRM L U L "SHQNLDV DLNLDV LU HWM VODSWM SDSLH LRULQL LU YLGLQL SRM L U

\UD WYLUWDL QXVWDW\WD DSLH VNLUWPRV KLSRWH]V NDG M \UD GDXJLDX

6XYRNLPDL 6XYRNLPDL LU NDULQ YHLNOD

PRJXV SDiVWD DSOLQNj QH NDLS SRMqLDSLEUsWDLV YLVXPLQLDLV GDLNWDLV LUWLNURY 0HV PDWRPH JHOWRQj SLHWXNj

JRV R QH NDNRNLj SDLOJj GsP DOLDPH IRQH 7DL PUDXVY EDOW LU UXVY SRMqL JUXSs 'DQLDXVLDL JLVXV R PLNR RLPj MURV QLRNWLPj GDLQ PHORLOLXVWUXRMD NDLS MXWLPDLV PHV SDiVWDPH QH WVDY\EHV EHW LU WXRV GDLNWXV EHL UHLNLQLXV ND

6XYRNLPDL \UD GDLNW LU UHLNLQL YHLNLDQqL SDLQLPR SURFHVDV6XYRNLPDL NDLS LU SRMqLDL \UD SULSDLQLPXL QHV YLVXPLQLDL GDLNW EHL UHLNLQL

%HQGUDVLVDSLEGLQLPDV

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