benhur pescasio

7/29/2019 BENHUR PESCASIO

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THE DRAMA

Directed by: Mr. Benhur M. Pescasio


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What is Drama?


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Drama

Plays on your

emotions.

Asks you to believeand be involved in

it.

Makes you feel for

the hero and the

heroine.


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Some bit of history Started in 6th Cent BC (600-

500 BC) Greece.

Drama - comes from the Greek

word meaning action or todo.

First actor was Thespis; thus,the term thespian (theater

actor/actress). Wore big masks so their facial

expression could be seen fromafar. (The amphitheater is

big.)


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The Masks

The smilng facerefers to Thalia, theMuse of Comedy.

The sad face refersto Melpomene, theMuse of Tragedy.

Greek writers usemuses to inspirethem to write theirplays.


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Development of Drama

Western Drama: Began in Greece (600 BC) Greek tragedies

Roman liturgical plays

Miracle plays

Passion plays

Italian Renaissance Operas (1500) Music plays an important role

English Renaissance: Elizabethan Theater(1500) Queen Elizabeth promoted drama.

William Shakespeare wrote and staged his plays.


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Forms of Western Drama

1. Tragedy - a death of a hero or a simpledownfall of the hero.

2. Comedy - Alls well and ends well.

a) No particular hero.b) Ends happily ever after; ends with a festivity

(e.g. dancing, eating).

c) Themes: ridicules social norms; basically,

comedy tends to be irreverent3. Offshoots of tragedy:

a) Melodrama - fight between good and evil

b) Suspense - begins with someones death


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Development of Drama

Eastern Drama

Chinese Peking Opera (spectacle and costume)

Very prestigious. Actors are regarded highly.

Mostly female leads and female actors

Japanese

Kabuki - for ordinary

people, a lot of make-up

Noh - more formal in

nature; more elite; use

of masks.


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Eastern Drama

Malay Shadow Plays: Wayang Kulit

Wayang means shadow; kulit means leather

with which the puppets are made from.

Life should not be depicted by human beings. Theater only shadows life unless you see it as

reality.


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Elements of a Drama

1. Characters - draws the story by actingit out.

2. Dialogue - plot develops throughinteraction of characters.

3. Theme - usually about heroes,

heroines/gods and goddesses.4. Setting - helps explain the story tosituate the audience.


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Philippine Drama


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Before the Spanish period, the early forms of

the Philippine drama were the duplo and thekaragatan.

Duplo was a poetical debateheld by trained men and

women in the ninth night, thelast night of the mourning

period for the dead.


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Bellacos male participants,they are the heads of the

games.

Karagatan was also a poeticaldebate like the duplo, but itsparticipants were amateurs.

>> Both were held in the homes.>>Theme:was all about a ring

that fell into the sea.


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Three kinds of plays

Cenakulo It was a very heavy

drama shown in relation to thelife sacrifices and death of JesusChrist. It is like a passion play

presented and celebrated during

the month of March or Aprildepending the exact date of the

Holy week


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Two kinds of presentations

The Ablada (oral)

Kantada (song)


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Moro-moro It is a cloak and dagger

play depicting the was between theChristians and the Muslims with the

Christians always on the winning side.

Fr. Jeronimo Perez wrote the firstmoro-moro and was staged in Manila in

1637, to commemorate Governor

General Consueras victory over theMuslims of Mindanao.

>> it becomes the favorite play of the

people, especially during the town

fiestas.


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Zarzuela it is a melodramawith songs and dances thathave a three in one act play. Itis intended to make the mass

feeling towards love, fear,grief, sorrow or any emotionalreactions sublime.

>it sometimes shows thepolitical and social conditionsof our country.


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>the musical part of the zarzuela

has given much opportunity forcreativity and appreciation of theaudience until the revolt in Cavitein the year 1872.

>it is played by 20-25 professionalzarzuela artists (actors, actresses

and extras)

>the Zarzuela is a musical comedy


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Popular Zarzuelas among masses:

Pagibig sa Lupang Tinubuan ( Love forNative Land) by Pascual Poblete

Tanikalang Ginto (Gold Chain) by JuanAbad

Malaya (Free) by Tomas Remigio Kahapon, Ngayon at at Bukas

(Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) byAurelio Tolentino

Walang Sugat (Not wounded) bySeverino Reyes

Poblete and Tolentino: two of themost nationalistic zarzuela writerswere put in jail.


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Street Dramas


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Mariones Mask Festival


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Ati-atihan

Ati-atihan is a pagan ritual, which hasbecome an annual affair that the

natives look forward to with greatexpectation.It is the most extravagant fiesta in the

Philippines celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan every

3rd Sunday of January in honor of the InfantJesus.

Ati-atihan derived its name fromAtis, the

aboriginal Negritos of the area in the

Visayas.


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The Modern Philippine

Drama

The modern Philippine drama/stage

play was rejuvenated upon the

establishment of the Repertory

Philippines in June of 1967 whichwas founded by Zeneida Bibot

Amadorand Baby Barredo.


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Repertory PhilippinesIn its 30years of existence it has

become the countrys leading theatercompany, keeping abreast of new

materials and demanding outstanding

performance from its extraordinarytalents.


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Japanese Drama


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The drama is a favorite form of

amusement. the popular plays are

generally about history and tradition,

or they deal with the lives and

adventures of gods and heroes. thescene is always laid in Japan. The plays

are very long. The performances begins

in the morning and can last all day.The spectators bring their food with

them.


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The Chinese

Drama


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Modern Chinese Drama,

or Huaju(spoken play), started todevelop in the early part of this

century in Shanghai. Different from

traditional Chinese opera, it soon won

fans for its realistic portrayals of the

lives of common folks and for its wide

rang of works by such Western

playwrights as Shakespeare, Moliereand Chekhov.


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Since then, a number of Chinese

playwrights have created works thatrealistically reflect the changes in the

lives of Chinese before and after the

founding of New China. The mostmemorable include " Teahouse, " "The

Peking Man, " " The Thunderstorm, " "

The Family," "The Prairie" and "The

Death of a Famous Opera Performer."


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Younger playwrights have tried todevelop a more modern style,

exploring the inner psyche of

personalities with more modernistworks and incorporating more modern

theatrical techniques.


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The Story of the Magic Lute (14th century)

The Sorrows of Han

The Injustice Suffered (by Tou F by Kuan Han-

ch'ing)

The Western Chamber (by Wang Shi-fu) The Peony Pavilion (by T'ang Hsien-tsu ,16th

cent.)

The Palace of Long Life (by Hung Sheng, 17th

cent.). The Little Orphan of the House of Tchao.


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Cinema


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Cinema, or motion picture, is

the art of moving images; a

visual medium that tells stories

and exposes reality.


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Created in the dusk of the 19th

century, cinema is the worlds

most recent art form. It is also,by far, the worlds most

complex, collaborative, and

costly artistic expression.


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Philippine Motion


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Elements o f Ph i lipp ine

mot ion pic tures

1. music and musical director

2. make-up, coiffeur, and costumes3. acting and the stars

4. color in the movies

5. set and art directors6. sounds, cameras, and technician


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