benítez rubio, fco. javier - papeles de Ética y bioÉtica - Ética y moral
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
1/33
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
Q@GEP
KMYEH
Dgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
2/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 9
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
He yceh`aea jskele cw gmlwq`qsq`tekclqc kmyeh p usc( vmy qelqm( geh`d`gey sle
gmlasgqe jskele ac `l+kmyeh cw `lgsyy`y cl sle gmlqyea`gq`m `l ea`cgqm, Sl egqm
vscac wcy `ljmlcwqsk( vcym lslge `lkmyeh,
Bmw Hsw H, Eyelosycl
la`gc 9
E, q`ge p Kmyeh,
5, Vych`k`leycw cq`kmho`gmw, 7
9, Kmyeh, 47, Hew lmqew dslaekclqehcw ac he q`ge, ?
1, Kcqeq`ge, 0
3, E kmam ac gmlghsw`l, 56
I, Bswq`d`geg`l, 55
G, Dslaekclqeg`l,
5, Aey yermlcw p eyoskclqmw, 51
9, Sl ycvewm j`wqy`gm iyctc *5 veyqc), 5?
7, Sl ycvewm j`wqy`gm iyctc *9 veyqc), 50
A, q`ge Evh`geae,5, He a`kclw`l vygq`ge ac he cz`wqclg`e, 99
9, He gmlwqysgg`l ac sl hsoey gmkl, 93
7, Dmykew ac vymgcacy, 9?
I`ih`moyede 77
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
3/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 7
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
E, Q@GE P KMYEH
5, Vych`k`leycw cq`kmho`gmw,Ac kmam ksp oclcyeh p ekvh`m( vyct`m p vymwvcgq`tm(
`lqymasgqmy`m `lghswm( Geyhmw Okcr *966?250) acd`lc he q`ge gmkm
euschhe a`wg`vh`le d`hmwd`ge usc qyeqe ac hmw ewslqmw kmyehcw( cw acg`y( ac
lscwqye gmlasgqe egqmw( ji`qmw( geygqcy p t`ae cl oclcyeh( iebm ch vslqm
ac t`wqe ach i`cl( ach acicy m ach tehmy( geh`d`glamhe gmkm iscle m kehe(
aci`ae m `lgmyycgqe( teh`mwe m w`l kmyeh, Vcym acg`y usc he q`ge qyeqe ac
he kmyeh( w`clam th`am veye hmw d`hwmdmw( vscac acbey ksgjew asaew
veye hmw usc lm cwql `l`g`eamw cl cwqew eyqcw5,
He q`ge p he kmyeh veycgcl sle p he k`wke gmwe( gmkm w`
qst`cyel he k`wke w`ol`d`geg`l( hm gseh cw( cl g`cyqm kmam(
`lgmyycgqm, Cl ch wclq`am kw iw`gm( cq`kmho`gm( q`ge p kmyeh wmlw`ll`kew, P asyelqc oyel veyqc ac he j`wqmy`e ac he d`hmwmde hew
dymlqcyew clqyc chhew dscyml ksp h`t`elew,
Gmkm lmw a`gc Eyelosycl *5003250 e 91)( he cq`kmhmoe lmw
actschtc he dscyre chckclqeh( oewqeae gml ch heyom swm( ac hew veheiyew
my`o`ley`ew( e hew usc cw kclcwqcy ycoycwey veye ycgsvcyey ws wclq`am
esqlq`gm, Sle `ltcwq`oeg`l cq`kmho`ge wmiyc he q`ge vscac wcy`kvmyqelqc p lmw vscac evmyqey jehheromw ac vymtcgjm, Qclckmw
sle amihc te ac eggcwm2 he oy`coe p he heq`le> vmyusc q`ge vymgcac
ach oy`com p kmyeh vymgcac ach heql, ( he q`ge vymgcac ach
5 Cl cwqe hlce( acd`l`y he q`ge veye Eyelosycl lm cw he kcye vymvmw`g`l ac sle
dykshe m he acgheyeg`l ac sle vymvmw`g`l ocly`ge( w`lm sl vymgcwm ac `ltcwq`oeg`l pegmqek`clqm ach ewslqm vmy tey`ew hlcew ac eyoskclqeg`l2 hm cq`kmho`gm( hm vycd`hmwd`gm( hmoclq`gm+j`wqy`gm( hm wmg`mho`gm( hm vw`gmho`gm( hm d`hmwd`gm p hm ych`o`mwm,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
4/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 1
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
tmgeihm ( qjmw( usc vmwcc amw wclq`amw2 slm kw eyge`gm p
elq`osm usc q`clc usc tcy gml he ycw`aclg`e m he kmyeae m ch hsoey
amlac wc t`tc> p mqym kw ycg`clqc( e veyq`y ac Ey`wqqchcw( uscw`ol`d`ge ch kmam ac wcy m ch geygqcy ac he vcywmle, Ach vy`kcym(
czvh`ge Eyelosycl usc ch qjmw cw ch hsoey usc ch jmkiyc vmyqe cl w
k`wkm( cwqm cw( ch wschm d`ykc( ch dslaekclqm ac he vyez`w( ch qmvmw ac
amlac iymqel wsw egqmw, Ach wcoslam( lmw a`gc usc ch qjmw cw ch
kmam m dmyke ac t`ae ac he vcywmle( usc egmoc qmaew hew a`wvmw`g`mlcw
elqc he t`ae( ws geygqcy p wsw gmwqskiycw,
He q`ge lm wc eomqe cl ch qjmw( cl ch geygqcy m egq`qsa elqc he
t`ae, wqc lm wsyoc vmyusc w, Ch geygqcy wc hmoye vmy ch ji`qm9( p
wqc vmy he ycvcq`g`l yc`qcyeae ac egqmw `osehcw cl ch q`ckvm, Cz`wqc(
vmy qelqm sl gygshm clqyc egqmw+ji`qmw+geygqcy> vmyusc eackw( ch
geygqcy q`gm cw dsclqc m vco *) ac lsctmw egqmw( usc
vymasg`yl lsctmw ji`qmw p ejmlaey cl ch qjmw, He q`ge wc
qclaye usc clgeyoey ac hmw qycw kmkclqmw2 ac he vyez`w kmyeh( ac
t`yqsacw p t`g`mw cl ch ji`qm p ach geygqcy( egq`qsa m ch jmlam kmam
ach wcy jskelm,
Ch heql lm dsc vcykceihc e cwqe d`lsye cq`kmho`ge p czvycwe
gml kmw e ekimw qyk`lmw oy`comw( qjmw p qjmw( hm usc qstm oyel`ldhsclg`e cl he gmlgcvg`l shqcy`my ac he q`ge( wcol easgc
Eyelosycl Cwqc vymihcke wsyo`ye acwvsw( vmyusc hmw ymkelmw(
usc cyel oclqcw acd`ykc geygqcy kmyeh( w usc geyoeiel cwqc gmlgcvqm
gml ekiew egcvg`mlcw, He kclqeh`aea ach vscihm ac Ymke wc tc
9 Ch geygqcy lm cw ch qckvcyekclqm, wqc cw ch kmam ac wcy p t`t`y elk`gm( he
jz`w*) m qjmw*), He jcz`w q`clc usc tcy gml hmw ji`qmw usc qclckmw m he jei`qsa usc wceaus`cyc, Wmkmw kw usc lscwqym qehelqc p cwqeam ac l`km, Cwqmw vscacl qyeiebeywc(kma`d`geywc p clgesreywc,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
5/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 3
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
gheyekclqc ycdhcbeae cl he egmqeg`l bcyyus`ge ac he gscwq`l2 ch
l`tch iw`gm ach veqjmw m hmw wclq`k`clqmw( sl wcoslam l`tch( he
gmwqskiyc( cl ch usc pe clqye he tmhslqea> p ch qcygcy l`tch usc cw chach geygqcy gmlus`wqeam e hm heyom ac he t`ae p usc wc `kvy`kc cl
lmwmqymw k`wkmw t`t`clam, Hmw amw vy`kcymw l`tchcw wml ch qjmw
oy`com, Cwqc qcygcy l`tch( ch qjmw( cw hm usc vscac hhekeywc Kmw( cl
wclq`am vhcl`my,
W` wcos`kmw `ltcwq`oelam sl vmgm kw vmy he j`wqmy`e ach
qyk`lm( lmw clgmlqyekmw gml he cqj`ge sqclw m kmyeh t`t`ae p gml he
cqj`ge amgclw m ycdhcz`l d`hmwd`ge wmiyc chhe, Ac he wcoslae wc mgsve
ch d`hwmdm kmyeh p ac he vy`kcye ch kmyeh`wqe, Ekiew vmwcel ch
k`wkm lghcm( p he a`wq`lg`l cwqy`ie cl hmw vevchcw a`wq`lqmw usc
bscoel ekimw vcywmlebcw, Ch d`hwmdm kmyeh wc evh`ge cl he heimy
qcy`ge ycdhcz`mlelam wmiyc he t`ae vygq`ge( hm wspm cye jegcy sle
ycdhcz`l qcy`ge oclcyeh wmiyc ch dclkclm ac he kmyeh`aea, Ch
kmyeh`wqe qyeqeie ac ycdmykey p ehclqey he vygq`ge kmyeh ac hmw wcycw
jskelmw, E veyq`y ac eus wc dscyml ach`k`qelam ekimw gekvmw( ch
ac he Kmyeh p ch ac he q`ge *ejmye gml kepwgshew) jewqe gmltcyq`ywc
cl amw `lwqelg`ew ycheg`mleaew vcym a`wq`lqew, Qcl`clam vslqmw cl
gmkl( clgmlqyekmw `kvmyqelqcw a`dcyclg`ew, Gmyq`le *966:216) lmwczvh`ge usc jep amw usc wmiycwehcl vmy ws `kvmyqelg`e2 he vy`kcye
cw usc he q`ge lm wc eq`clc e sle `keocl ach jmkiyc acqcyk`leae(
egcvqeae gmkm `aceh vmy sl oysvm gmlgycqm> he wcoslae cw usc he
q`ge lm cw sle kmyeh `lwq`qsg`mleh,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
6/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 4
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
9, Kmyeh,
E hm heyom ach q`ckvm( hmw qyk`lmw kmyeh p q`ge wc dscyml
cwvcg`eh`relam cl amw a`ycgg`mlcw a`wq`lqew *Osey`oh`e( 966?251), Ewkmyeh wc gclqy cl hmw dclkclmw p hew egg`mlcw> p he q`ge wc
gmlt`yq` cl he d`hmwmde vygq`ge usc cwqsa`eie qcy`gekclqc cwew
egg`mlcw p cwmw dclkclmw, Gclqykmlmw ejmye cl he Kmyeh, Veye
Gmyq`le *9656211)( he kmyeh q`clc usc tcy gml acqcyk`ley s myacley
sle egg`l( gml he vycwgy`vg`l ac he gmlasgqe p gml ycgcqey dmykew
ac gmkvmyqek`clqm cl he t`ae gmq`a`ele( cwqm cw( lmw a`gc hm usc jep
usc jegcy,
Gmlqekmw gml qycw w`ol`d`geamw ac kmyeh2
5+ Gmkvmyqek`clqm( `la`t`aseh m gmhcgq`tm( ew`ollamhc he
vymv`caea ac cwqey my`clqeam cl ycheg`l e sl tehmy *Osey`oh`e( 966?259),
Cwqc vy`kcy w`ol`d`geam cw hm usc wc gmlmgc gmkm t`ae kmyeh( qeki`lgmkm iscle t`ae( p cw ch czqclwm c `lacd`l`ihc gekvm m cwveg`m ac
ycacw w`kih`gew usc `ldhspcl cl he gmlasgqe jskele e hm heyom ac
he j`wqmy`e p ch clqycgysrek`clqm ac gmyy`clqcw ych`o`mwew( d`hmwd`gew(
vmhq`gew p gshqsyehcw, Cw sle g`cyqe ycoshey`aea ac hew gmlasgqew
jei`qsehcw ac sl gmhcgq`tm, Sl ga`om ac gmlasgqe p ac
wclq`k`clqmw( wcos`am vmy qmamw hmw k`ckiymw( usc qyeqel ac ycosheych gmkvmyqek`clqm, Qmam cwc oysvm gmkveyqc sle acqcyk`leae
my`clqeg`l ctehseq`te( sl wqelaeya ctehseq`tm gmkl,
9+ Sle g`cyqe gmlasgqe gml he esqmy`aea ac sle qyea`g`l( ac kmam
qeh usc gmlbslqekclqc wc cbcygc sle vycw`l m gmcyg`l vih`ge cl vym ach
egeqek`clqm oclcyeh`ream ac chhe *Osey`oh`e( 966?259), Cwqc w`ol`d`geam
yck`qc eh geygqcy `kvcyeq`tm m lmykeq`tm ac he ycosheg`l ac hew
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
7/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m ?
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
ycheg`mlcw `lqcyvcywmlehcw ac kelcye a`ycgqe m kca`eae vmy hew
`lwq`qsg`mlcw bsya`gm+vmhq`gew ac he wmg`caea,
7+ Egg`mlcw gspe kmyeh`aea vscac evmpeywc cl yermlcw kwoclcyehcw usc he kcye t`oclg`e dgq`ge ac sle gmwqskiyc *Osey`oh`e(
966?259), Cwqc hq`km w`ol`d`geam gmlcgqe hm kmyeh gml he
mih`oeqmy`caea m vymj`i`g`l ac sle egg`l, He kmyeh`aea cw ch
gmlbslqm ac egg`mlcw usc q`clc sl geygqcy ac mih`oeg`l gmkm dclkclm
kmyeh gclqyeh( p ch acwclqcla`k`clqm ac hew gscwq`mlcw eq`loclqcw eh d`l
hq`km ac he t`ae *Osey`oh`e( 966?257),
7, Hew lmqew dslaekclqehcw ac he q`ge
Acwvsw ac cwqe vy`kcye ach`k`qeg`l( lmw gclqyeyckmw cl he
q`ge, W` acgekmw usc he Kmyeh wc w`qseie cl he a`kclw`l ach egqm(
ejmye aeyckmw e he q`ge amw lmqew dslaekclqehcw p ycheg`mleaew,Vy`kcym( he q`ge cw d`hmwmde vygq`ge, Wcoslam( he q`ge cw veyqc ac he
d`hmwmde ycdhcz`te p qcy`ge, Tcekmw,
5, Gmkm d`hmwmde vygq`ge( he q`ge cw vclwek`clqm hhcteam e he
yceh`aea( wegeam ach qcy yeg`mleh jewqe hm gmq`a`elm ach ae e ae( ac
he eiwqyegg`l kclqeh eh gmkvmyqek`clqm gmlgycqm, Ew hm clq`clac
Gekvw *500929?)2 He q`ge cw d`hmwmde usc qyeqe ac he vygq`ge, Ws k`w`l
vewe( w`l asae( vmy cheimyey gmkvh`geaew gmlwqysgg`mlcw d`hmwd`gew usc
w`ytel ac vslqm ac veyq`ae d`eihc( vcym acic vewey qeki`l vmy he vyscie ac
hmw jcgjmw, *) Lm cw qeyce ac he q`ge ycwmhtcy gmldh`gqmw( vcym w
vhelqceyhmw, Gmyq`le clq`clac vmy q`ge eusch weicy vygq`gm usc wc
mgsve ac hew gmwew gmlq`loclqcw( euschhew usc vscacl wsgcacy ac
mqye kelcye, Vcym qeki`l cw sl weicy usc wc mgsve ac hew gmwew usc
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
8/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m :
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
q`clc usc wcy ac sle wmhe p acqcyk`leae kelcye( hew usc acicl
wsgcacy lcgcwey`ekclqc( vmyusc he yceh`aea jskele lm wmhm cw hm
usc cw( qeki`l wc hc cz`oc hm usc acic wcy, Ew ac ekvh`e cw he q`ge,Cwqe cw he vy`kcye lmqeg`l2 he q`ge cw sle qcmye d`hmwd`ge ac he
egg`l *Gmyq`le( 966:216),
9, He q`ge qeki`l cw( y`relam ch y`rm( euschhe dmyke ac ycdhcz`l
p hclosebc egcyge ac he ycdhcz`l p ch hclosebc kmyeh *Gmyq`le( 9656290), He
q`ge( vmy cwqey w`qseae cl sl l`tch ycdhcz`tm p cl sl a`wgsywm
d`hmwd`gm( cw gmlgcvqseh( eyoskclqeq`te( bswq`d`geq`te, Czvh`ge
Gmyq`le *9656276) usc whm acwac ch gmlgcvqm vscac he d`hmwmde gskvh`y ws
k`w`l ac egheyey p bswq`d`gey yeg`mlehkclqc hew vycqclw`mlcw jskelew e hm
tcyaeacym( hm gmyycgqm p hm isclm, He q`ge cw sle ycdhcz`l usc qyeqey
ac dslaekclqey p bswq`d gey hew vycwgy`vg`mlcw yceh`reaew vmy he
kmyeh, Cdcgq`tekclqc( he q`ge q`clc sle dslg`l dslaekclqeamye p
eyoskclqeamye `lchsa`ihc, Clqcla`clam eus he dslaekclqeg`l
gmkm ch `lqclqm ac aey yerl( m ac vymvmlcy eyoskclqmw( ac ehom
jewqe ch d`leh, Acwac ch vslqm ac t`wqe ac cwqe qeyce dslaekclqelqc(
he q`ge( cw sl hclosebc usc jeihe ac mqym hclosebc( sl kcqehclosebc
qcy`gm+d`hmwd`gm egcyge ach hclosebc kmyeh *Gmyq`le( 9656216), Cwqe cw he
wcoslae lmqeg`l2 he q`ge q`clc sl cwqeqsqm qcy`gm+d`hmwd`gm( cwqm cw(gmlgcvqseh,
Vcym qclckmw usc kmwqyey gmkm cwew amw gseh`d`geg`mlcw m
tehmycw( hm qcy`gm p hm vygq`gm( wc ycheg`mlel, Ch kmam p kelcye cl
usc cwqew amw tehclg`ew hmoyel key`aeywc cw he q`ge evh`geae2 sle
q`ge gt`ge( m sle qcmye ac he ackmgyeg`e( m sle q`ge ka`ge( m
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
9/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 0
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
cgmho`ge m cgmlk`ge> p( wmiyc qmam( sle eoclg`e ac casgeg`l
kmyeh veye hew g`saeaelew,
1, Kcqeq`ge,
Gmkm jckmw a`gjm gml elqcy`my`aea( cwqekmw elqc amw l`tchcw
ho`gmw a`wq`lqmw( he kmyeh p he q`ge, He q`ge( e ws tcr( q`clc amw
tehclg`ew( sle vygq`ge p mqye qcy`ge+ycdhcz`te, Cw l`tch ycdhcz`tm wc
mgsve ac he kmyeh( @lqclqe aey yermlcw ac hew vycwgy`vg`mlcw
kmyehcw( ycwvmla`clam( clqyc mqyew( e he vycoslqe ac cw yermleihc
usc cz`wqel bs`g`mw kmyehcw= *Gmyq`le( 966:200), Vmy qelqm( gml he
aclmk`leg`l kcqeq`ge( uscyckmw acg`y *Ksoscyre( 966?2713+714)2
+ Cl sl wclq`am kclmy( th`am veye he d`hmwmde kmyeh elehq`ge(
wcye ch kcqehclosebc qgl`gm acwac ch usc wc eimyae ch czekcl ac
sl hclosebc+mibcqm acqcyk`leam( ch hclosebc kmyeh m q`gm,+ Cl wclq`am vhcl`my( cw he ycdhcz`l vmy ch dslaekclqm k`wkm
ac he q`ge, Cw sle ycdhcz`l wmiyc he ycdhcz`l k`wke( he ycdhcz`l
kcqeq`ge ycdhcz`mle wmiyc gsh cw ch dslaekclqm m he eswclg`e ach
k`wkm cl hew amgqy`lew q`gew, Veye ckvcrey ws heimy( lmw a`gc
Gmyq`le *966:2566+565)( wc vhelqce sle gscwq`l e l`tch
cv`wqckmho`gm cw he q`ge sl weicy ieweam cl dslaekclqmw wcosymw
dyclqc e he kcye mv`l`l=> p mqye ycheg`mleae gml he esqmlmke( cw he
q`ge sl weicy gml dslaekclqmw vymv`mw m gmlwq`qspc sle
vymhmloeg`l ac mqyew `lwqelg`ew( gmkm he mlqmhmoe( he vw`gmhmoe( he
qcmhmoe( he wmg`mhmoe m he elqymvmhmoe=
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
10/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 56
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
3, E kmam ac gmlghsw`l,
5+ Cl sl wclq`am wsvcyd`g`eh p gmq`a`elm( q`ge p kmyeh wml
w`ll`kmw> cl ch wclq`am kw vymdslam( d`hmwd`gm( q`ge p Kmyeh lmwml w`ll`kew7,
9+ He Kmyeh wc clgeyoe ac he a`ycgqe geh`d`geg`l ach
gmkvmyqek`clqm jskelm( egmlwcbelam p vycwgy`i`clam( e qyetw ac
ga`omw p vy`lg`v`mw kmyehcw( usc qyeqeyl ac ycoshey hew egg`mlcw ac
hmw jmkiycw, He q`ge( gmkm weicy qcy`gm+vygq`gm( cw euschhe yeke
ac he d`hmwmde usc v`clwe he t`ae kmyeh( ycdhcz`mlelam wmiyc hmw
elqcy`mycw ga`omw p vy`lg`v`mw kmyehcw( `lqclqelam tcy gkm
dslg`mlel p gshcw wml wsw geqcomyew cwvcgd`gew *Okcr( 966?295+
99),
7+ Geae vcywmle miye p egqe( `lacdcgq`ihckclqc, He gscwq`l
q`ge lm cw us qclom usc jegcy( gkm jc ac gmkvmyqeykc( gshwcy k` gmlasgqe=( vmyusc ac cwm wc mgsvel hew kmyehcw, He
tcyaeacye gscwq`l q`ge cw vmy us acim jegcy hm usc jeom= He
q`ge jegc gmlgci`ihc he kmyeh`aea( kscwqye he yeg`mleh`aea usc jep
cl qmam miyey( qyeasgc cl gmlgcvqmw hm usc jep ac weicy cl hm vygq`gm
*Gmyq`le( 966:2??), He q`ge q`clc usc cwgheycgcy he yerl vmy he gseh
hmw bs`g`mw kmyehcw wc vycwclqel gmkm lcgcwey`mw c sl`tcywehcw, P cwmlm cw mqye gmwe usc aey yermlcw p eyoskclqmw( dslaekclqey cl
acd`l`q`te, P dslaekclqey cw a`wgcyl`y he dmyke *lcgcw`aea p
sl`tcyweh`aea) vmy he usc sl gmlqcl`am cw kmyeh,
7 Gselam vmloekmw hew k`lwgshew aekmw vmy clqcla`ae he w`lml`k`e, Veyeach`k`qey cwqy`gqekclqc wc jel sweam hew kepwgshew,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
11/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 55
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
I, BSWQ@D@GEG@L
Vyct`m e he acd`l`g`l gmkl p oclcyeh ac gsehus`cy qyk`lm(lmw a`gc Eyelosycl *500329?)( usc qclckmw slew vycgmlgcvg`mlcw
vyct`ew(vyecgmol`qe( ac cwe gscwq`l, Lea`c q`clc sle qeishe yewe cl
ws geicre( w`ckvyc qclckmw ehol q`vm ac `ace m vycbs`g`m kw m
kclmw teom ieweam cl lscwqye czvcy`clg`e( hmw qe vje`lkcle ac
Ey`wqqchcw * ), He vy`kcye egcvg`l gmkl p
vycd`hmwd`ge usc lmw clgmlqyekmw cw he usc ycheg`mle e he kmyeh p eh
cwqeam vw`gmho`gm2 qclcy iebe m ehqe he kmyeh, He wcoslae egcvg`l
ycheg`mle e he kmyeh gml hew isclew gmwqskiycw m hmw isclmw egqmw2
qeh m gseh g`ygslwqelg`e cw kmyeh p he usc lm wc ebswqe cw `lkmyeh,
Qeki`l vymvmlc Eyelosycl( cl ws vcwus`we( he eyoskclqeg`l
oclq`gm+j`wqy`ge2 he leyyeg`l ac he j`wqmy`e ac he q`ge kscwqye he
qclw`l clqyc ch `la`t`asm p he gmksl`aea( clqyc ch wsbcqm p ch oysvm
wmg`eh usc hm egmoc, Hhcoekmw vmy qelqm e hm wmg`eh, Eus lmw
ycgscyae hm usc vclweie Myqcoe *Eyelosycl( 5003215)( usc w`l lcoey
he vycw`l wmg`eh( clqclae usc ch jmkiyc q`clc geveg`aea veye
ycqyecywc ach kslam p ycgmocywc cl w k`wkm( veye usc ws t`ae
vcywmleh+kmyeh uscac ebcle e he vycw`l, Ch wcy jskelm vscac chco`yp acg`a`y( ac qeh kmam usc ch jcgjm kmyeh lm wc ycasgc eh jcgjm
wmg`eh( ekimw cz`wqcl p wml `osehkclqc jskelmw,
Cw ct`aclqc( usc he wmg`caea cwq ej( usc t`t`kmw `lkcywmw cl
chhe p usc ksgjmw `la`t`asmw wc h`k`qel e myacley ws t`ae gmldmykc
e hm wmg`ehkclqc t`oclqc, Vcym qeh p gmkm hm clq`clac Eyelosycl
*5003219)( lm jegc dehqe wcy l` sl jymc l` sl ocl`m( veye usc ch wcy
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
12/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 59
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
jskelm `la`t`aseh( lmykeh p gmyy`clqc( wc jeoe vcywmlehkclqc
ycwvmlweihc ac ws t`ae( p lm qyelwd`cye qmae ws ycwvmlwei`h`aea e he
wmg`caea, Cz`wqc he vmw`i`h`aea ac ycicheywc dyclqc e he vycw`l wmg`eh,Clqmlgcw( w` he kmyeh lm vscac wcy ycasg`ae e wmg`mhmoe( e hm
czqcylm vscac wcy( clqmlgcw( ycasg`ae e he vw`gmhmoe( e hm `lqcylm=
Eyelosycl *500321?) lm cwq ac egscyam gml ch vw`gmhmo`wkm
elohmwebl p elehq`gm( eyoskclqe cl ws gmlqye gml hew `acew ac
Rsi`y`2 he bswqcre m ebswqek`clqm( cl vy`kcy hsoey p hscom hew
vycdcyclg`ew, Ch jmkiyc lm vscac aey cl qmamw hmw gewmw sle
ycwvscwqe eacgseae p ebswqeae e he yceh`aea qeh p gmkm w jegcl hmw
el`kehcw, Hew cwqysgqsyew wmkq`gew cz`ocl he evey`g`l ac he
`lqch`oclg`e( veye vmacy jegcywc geyom ac he w`qseg`l p jeiywchew gml
hew gmwew, Ch jmkiyc lm wc cldyclqe eh kslam a`ycgqekclqc w`lm e
qyetw ach vclwek`clqm ycdhcz`tm( p vmy clac ac he q`ge, Ch jmkiyc
lm ycwvmlac esqmkq`gekclqc w`lm usc gmlw`acye he yceh`aea elqcw
ac cbcgsqey sl egqm, Ch el`keh wc ebswqe a`ycgqekclqc e he yceh`aea> cl
ch jmkiyc `lqcykca`e he vmw`i`h`aea( he h`icyqea p he vycdcyclg`e, Ch
el`keh q`clc aeam cwc ebswqek`clqm( ch jmkiyc q`clc usc jegcy cwc
ebswqek`clqm( q`clc usc bswq`d`gey wsw egqmw, Qmam jmkiyc( vmy wcy
yeg`mleh( `lqch`oclqc p h`iyc( cw kmyeh,Vmackmw jeihey ac kmyeh gmkm cwqysgqsye( p ac kmyeh gmkm
gmlqcl`am, Iw`gekclqc( he vy`kcye q`clc usc tcy gml hm usc jegckmw
p he wcoslae gml ch gkm hm jegckmw, Acwac mqym loshm( acg`kmw
usc he dmyke cw he cwqysgqsye ac he q`ge p ch gmlqcl`am cw he keqcy`e
ac he q`ge, Geae slm ac lmwmqymw t`tc ws ae e ae( ebswqlamwc e he
yceh`aea, Lm legckmw gmkvhcqeamw( lmw tekmw jeg`clam cl ch
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
13/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 57
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
qyelwgsyy`y t`qeh( ch`o`clam p acwcgjelam vmw`i`h`aeacw, Ch ycwshqeam
ac cwc `y ch`o`clam p acwgeyqelam cw he kmyeh gmkm cwqysgqsye2 he
vcywmleh`aea q`ge usc ehol ae uscaey d`beae, Ejmye i`cl( cliewc e us chco`kmw p acwgeyqekmw vmw`i`h`aeacw= Geae slm ac
lmwmqymw t`tc sl vympcgqm dslaekclqeh usc ose lscwqye t`ae( p ch
lmyqc ac cwc vympcgqm cw he `ace ach i`cl, Eus cwq he kmyeh gmkm
gmlqcl`am2 ch vympcgqm lmykeq`tm vcywmleh gml ch usc ebswqekmw
lscwqymw egqmw,
Eyelosycl clq`clac usc he esqlq`ge kmyeh( he usc cw
gmkvhcqe( cw he usc q`clc ekiew a`kclw`mlcw kmlqeaew sle wmiyc he
mqye, T`t`y cw sl `ywc jeg`clam e w k`wkm jeg`clam gmwew keqcy`ehcw
c `lkeqcy`ehcw( p eh jegcylmw jeg`clam gmwew e hm heyom p elgjm ac
lscwqye t`ae( dmybekmw ch geygqcy( he vcywmleh`aea kmyeh( ch qjmw>
geae slm ac cwmw egqmw cw sle vmw`i`h`aea usc jegckmw lscwqye p
geae t`g`m p geae t`yqsa usc vmlckmw cl bscom gmyy`oc m wsiyepe ch
geygqcy usc lmw tekmw gmlwqyspclam, Wmkmw ch eoclqc ach usc
ckcyocl hmw egqmw( wmkmw hmw esqmycw h`iycw p e tmhslqea ac hmw egqmw
p wmkmw( d`lehkclqc( hmw egqmycw usc acd`lcl ws vymv`m acwq`lm,
Gmkm ed`yke Eyelosycl *25003909)( he qeyce kmyeh gmlw`wqc cl hhcoey e
wcy hm usc wc vscac wcy gml hm usc wc cw,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
14/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 51
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
G, DSLAEKCLQEG@L
5, Aey yermlcw p eyoskclqmw,Hew a`wgsw`mlcw d`hmwd`gew jel ac hhcteywc e geim vmy kca`m ac
he eyoskclqeg`l p ch yermlek`clqm, Hew gscwq`mlcw q`gew( vmy qelqm(
gmkm veyqc ac he d`hmwmde( qeki`l je ac wcy qyeqeaew gml yermlcw p
eyoskclqmw, Gml hm usc he vy`kcye gscwq`l usc wehc e ychsg`y cw ch
hsoey usc mgsve he yerl cl he q`ge( cwvcgd`gekclqc he yerl
vygq`ge, P lm cw usc wce sl q`vm ac yerl a`dcyclqc( w`lm gmkm
evslqeie Nelq( cw he k`wke yerl vcym gml sl swm a`wq`lqm eh qcy`gm
*Ksoscyre( 966?2771),
Qmam cwqm ac eyoskclqey( m wce( ac swey he yerl veye aey
yermlcw ac lscwqyew gmwew( gmkclr gml Ey`wqqchcw, He egq`t`aea
yeg`mleh ach jmkiyc( lm cw mqye gmwe usc aey yerl ac gycclg`ew pgmlt`gg`mlcw, P ch vslqm ac my`ocl ac cwqm cw he gycclg`e egcyge ac hm
usc ch wcy jskelm cw( vmy cwm wc geh`d`ge ac dslaekclqeg`l
mlqmho`ge e he q`ge ac Ey`wqqchcw *Ksoscyre( 966?2774), Cw( e veyq`y
ac Nelq( gselam ch sl`tcywm ac hmw vymihckew kmyehcw wc qyewvewe eh
qcyyclm ac he bswq`d`geg`l m teh`aeg`l ac hew lmykew kmyehcw p e
gmlw`acyeg`mlcw wmiyc he eoclg`e kmyeh *Jcyycye( 5004206), Wc qyeqe acbswq`d`gey( ac eyoskclqey( ac cwqeihcgcy ycohew( gy`qcy`mw p
gmla`g`mlcw usc acic gskvh`y qmam bs`g`m kmyeh veye usc wce
egcvqeam gmkm bs`g`m kmyeh,
Cdcgq`tekclqc( lm wcy jewqe Nelq gselam wc yclslg`c e iewey
he q`ge cl he mlqmhmoe, Nelq qyeq ac vycwcytey `lacvcla`clqc he
q`ge ycwvcgqm e he mlqmhmoe( cwqm cw( ch wcy p ch acicy wcy qclel
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
15/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 53
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
usc cwqey cl gmkveyq`kclqmw cwqelgmw, He yeg`mleh`aea vygq`ge( vmy
qelqm( q`clc usc cwqey cl hm usc acicye wcy( vmy cwm wc geh`d`ge ac
dslaekclqeg`l acmlqmho`ge e he q`ge ac Nelq1
, Vcym Nelq te kwehh gml he k`lsg`mw`aea veymzwq`ge usc hc geyegqcy`re cl he gscwq`l
ach acicy, Ew hm czvh`ge Ksoscyre *966?277?)2 Jeihey ac yceh`rey hm
usc clqclackmw vmy acicycw `kvh`ge gmltcyq`y e wqmw cl d`lcw ac lscwqyew
egg`mlcw( gmkm tclaye e mgsyy`y w` lmw gmlw`acyekmw kmyehkclqc
mih`oeamw e hsgjey vmy `lwqesyey sle wmg`caea kw bswqe( ew gmkm( ac vewm(
e egqsey kw bswqekclqc geae slm ac lmwmqymw,
Ch acicy( p vmy clac( ch d`l wc gmlwqyspc( ch jmkiyc hmw
gmlwqyspc q`gekclqc( vmy qelqm( lm t`clcl aeamw mlqmho`gekclqc
*m leqsyehkclqc w` uscyckmw czvycweyhm ew), Vcym gheym( w` cwqekmw
jeihelam ac gmlwqys`y d`lcw( lmw clgmlqyekmw gml he gscwq`l ac hmw
kca`mw ac hmw usc jep usc tehcywc veye chhm( veye gmlwqys`yhmw m
ehgelreyhmw gml lscwqymw egqmw, Cl Ey`wqqchcw cwqe kca`eg`l clqyc
d`lcw p kca`mw( ch cbcyg`g`m ac he yeg`mleh`aea vygq`ge( wc
clgmk`clae e he vjylcw`w( usc Ksoscyre *966?277:) acd`lc gmkm
euschhe geveg`aea `ltclq`te usc degshqe e sl eoclqc veye jegcy dyclqc e
w`qseg`mlcw `kvyct`wqew cl ch ki`qm ac ws egg`l , Veye Nelq( he
yeg`mleh`aea vygq`ge wc iewe cl qycw ghewcw ac hcpcw vygq`gew2 ycohewac jei`h`aea( gmlwcbmw ac weoeg`aea p kelaeqmw ac he kmyeh`aea, P
geae sle ac cwew hcpcw wc czvycwel kca`elqc sl `kvcyeq`tm2
`kvcyeq`tm ac jei`h`aea( `kvcyeq`tm ac weoeg`aea c `kvcyeq`tm ac he
kmyeh`aea, Hmw amw vy`kcymw qyeqel ac gmlcgqey hmw kca`mw gml hmw
d`lcw wsibcq`tmw( ac kelcye gmla`g`mleae( i`cl vmy sq`h`aea( i`cl vmy
1 Eh d`leh ach vycwclqc qyeiebm( cl ch Elczm @@( wc jegc sl imwuscbm ach @kvcyeq`tm Geqcoy`gmnelq`elm,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
16/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 54
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
he jei`h`aea, Whm ch qcygcym ac chhmw cw geqcoy`gm c `lgmla`g`mleam(
cwqelam ch d`l cwq`vsheam ac dmyke mibcq`te, Cwqc `kvcyeq`tm kmyeh
kelae eiwmhsqekclqc ac kmam `lkca`eqm, Gmlt`gg`l p gycclg`e(wcy p acicy wcy( vysaclg`e m `kvcyeq`tm( wml a`wgsw`mlcw qel
elq`osew gmkm he vymv`e d`hmwmde( usc gml ch vewm ach q`ckvm p ch
vclwek`clqm ac hmw oyelacw esqmycw je `am oeleam cl keq`gcw p
gmkvhcb`aea,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
17/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 5?
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
9, Sl ycvewm j`wqy`gm iyctc *5 veyqc),
He q`ge ac Nelqcw sle gmlwqysgg`l vcydcgqekclqc a`wceae p
acd`l`ae( amlac hmw gy`qcy`mw uscael vymh`be p czegqekclqcvslqseh`reamw, Qel vcydcgqe cw( usc lm mdycgc gmlgcw`l ehosle e he
yceh`aea( qeh cw ws y`o`acr c `ldhcz`i`h`aea, He q`ge ach acicy
`kvcyeq`tm eiwmhsqm gmlqyewqe gml he asae usc czvycwe Nelq wmiyc
hew geveg`aeacw kmyehcw ac hmw wcycw jskelmw, P gheym cwq( ac us
w`ytc sle yerl vygq`ge usc lm mih`oe e he tmhslqea e yceh`rey ch
acicy= Jcoch clq`clac usc gml cwc h`wql qeh ehqm gmhmgeam vmy
Nelq( he kmyeh lm qcyk`ley ac eyyelgey lslge, Ac ehol kmam
jeiy usc vmlcy cl ycheg`l ch acicy vsym p ch bs`g`m kmyeh sl`tcyweh
gml he gmlg`clg`e veyq`gshey ach wcy jskelm p wsw `kvcydcgg`mlcw, He
cq`g`aea jcoch`ele mvmlc he gmlg`clg`e kmyeh gmlgycqe( he usc egqe e
wei`claew ac ws `kvcydcgg`l p usc gmlq`le egqselam eslusc wcve
ac ws deh`i`h`aea( e he kmyeh qyewgclaclqeh nelq`ele,
He vycoslqe usc wsyoc qyew Nelq p Jcoch( e veyq`y ac wsw
ycdhcz`mlcw wcy( gsh cw he teh`acr yceh ac he kmyeh sl`tcyweh= Jep
usc qclcy he geicre ksp i`cl eksciheae veye yco`ywc cl he t`ae
kca`elqc hmw `kvcyeq`tmw geqcoy`gmw, Ch jmkiyc kmyeh ac Nelq cw
sl jymc, Cw hcoq`km vycoslqeywc2 wc vscac vycqclacysl`tcyweh`rey hm usc whm slmw gselqmw vscacl hhctey egeim= Cl ch
`l t`qym ac he gmlg`clg`e vsye qmam clgebe gmkm sl kcgelm
vcydcgqm( vcym `l t`tm( cl ch kslam yceh qelqe vcydcgg`l lm w`ytc(
lm veycgcl eislaey hmw wcycw jskelmw gml wckcbelqc vmqclg`e
kmyeh, Cwqm lm w`ol`d`ge usc jepe usc eielamley qmae vycqclw`l
q`ge( vmy `lsq`h`aea m dsq`h`aea( w`lm usc he q`ge je ac `y kw ehh ac
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
18/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 5:
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
he kcye acgheyeg`l ac vy`lg`v`mw, Sle cwvcg`c ac eaus`w`g`l ac he
kepmye ac caea( ac keasycr( ac wcy gevey ac eyq`gsheywc( ac
ycqmygcywc wmiyc w k`wke p aey ycwvscwqew kw gmkvhcbew wmiyc wk`wke p ws `kvhelqeg`l cl he t`ae vygq`ge ac hmw wcycw jskelmw,
Elqcw ac hhcoey e cwqc gmltclg`k`clqm ac usc he q`ge q`clc
yerl ac wcy( ch w`ohm Z@Z lmw qyebm he d`hmwmde ac he wmwvcgje *Keyz
p L`cqrwgjc) p he `ace ac usc hmw tehmycw kmyehcw sl`tcywehcw lm whm
lm cz`wqcl( w`lm usc wml sl cloem m vcmy( vmyqetmgcw ac `lqcycwcw
`llmkiyeihcw2 hmw `lqcycwcw ac he ghewc amk`lelqc( wcol Keyz p hmw
`lqcycwcw ac he tmhslqeacw ai`hcw( wcol L`cqrwgjc *Gekvw(
5009254), Geae slm ac cwmw d`hwmdmw evmyq ws eyoskclqm veye
kmwqyey usc hmw g`k`clqmw ac hew gmlwqysgg`mlcw kmyehcw wml sle
vsye kcqedw`ge ac eiwmhsqmw usc lm w`ytc veye leae, Ch gmk`clrm
ach w`ohm ZZ qekvmgm veycge jeheocm veye he ycw q`ge( w` lmw
d`bekmw cl ch vclwek`clqm ac sl Bcel+Vesh Weyqyc m ac _`qqoclwqc`l(
vmy cbckvhm, Veye ch vy`kcym( he gmlg`clg`e vcywmleh t`tc he
`lchsa`ihc h`icyqea gml sle eloswq`e qcyy`ihc, Lm jep sl myacl
czqcylm usc hc ac ver m qyelus`h`aea, Lm jep veqcyleh`wkm gwk`gm
ehoslm usc egslc lscwqyew gmlg`clg`ew p hew wmw`cosc> hm usc
qclckmw cw acwekveym( usc vscac wcy k`q`oeam( jewqe g`cyqm vslqmvmy he eajcw`l e ga`omw m `acehcw kmyehcw, Weyqyc lm gycc cl he
sl`tcyweh`aea ac he kmyeh vmyusc( wclg`hhekclqc( lm gycc vmw`ihc ws
dslaekclqeg`l> p cl gmjcyclg`e gmlw`om k`wkm( l` wc vycw`mle
veye cheimyey sl w`wqcke q`gm, Ch vclwek`clqm ac _`qqoclwqc`l
qekvmgm acbe i`cl veyeam e lscwqym uscjegcy q`gm2 hm geqcoy`gm( p
hm eiwmhsqm( cw gmwe ac he kwq`ge( cyom `lgmksl`geihc( cyom vcywmleh
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
19/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 50
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
c `lqyelwdcy`ihc, P gmkm ch hclosebc ac hmw tehmycw lm cw acwgy`vq`tm(
l` cw wswgcvq`ihc ac elh`w`w( he q`ge wcy sle egq`qsa dyclqc e he
cz`wqclg`e, Cwqm lmw czvh`ge Gekvw *5009250)Qyew jeicy `am vcya`clam he kepmy veyqc ac wsw qckew ac cwqsa`m vmy
jeiywchmw eyycieqeam hew g`clg`ew cwvcg`eh`reaew( he d`hmwmde clgsclqye( cl
he tehmyeg`l ach gmkvmyqek`clqm( sl qcyyclm ac ycdhcz`l usc lm whm lea`c
hc a`wvsqe( w`lm usc lea`c us`cyc veye w, He wmg`mhmoe( he cgmlmke( he
j`wqmy`e( ch acycgjm wc kelq`clcl d`chcw e ws vycqclw`l ac cwqey h`iyc ac
tehmycw, Cl geki`m( he d`hmwmde wsvcy jegc q`ckvm hmw vmw`q`t`wkmw
acg`kmll`gmw p ac vy`lg`v`mw ac w`ohm( veye eajcy`ywc e he gmlt`gg`l ac
usc he gmkvhcb`aea p tey`caea ac hmw a`wgsywmw jskelmw q`clcl vmgm ac
g`clqd`gmw k`clqyew( vmy ch gmlqyey`m( cwq v`a`clam e tmgcw sle a`wgsw`l
tehmyeq`te,
7, Sl ycvewm j`wqy`gm iyctc *9 veyqc),
Vcym cwqm ac aey yermlcw ac lscwqyew ehcoeg`mlcw kmyehcw lm
d`leh`r eus( l` ksgjm kclmw, He dslaekclqeg`l q`ge cw slm ac
hmw hsoeycw kw t`w`qeamw ac he d`hmwmde, Acwac ch o`ym h`lowq`gm
jewqe he egqseh`aea tey`mw cldmuscw jel w`am hmw usc wc jel ewmkeam
e cwqm ac he dslaekclqeg`l q`ge acwac hew d`hew ach sq`h`qey`wkm p hed`hmwmde elehq`ge, Ch vy`kcym ac cwmw cldmuscw e hmw usc kc ycd`cym(
veyqc ac sle vmw`g`l mibcq`t`wqe( usc acd`clac he lm lcgcw`aea ac he
dslaekclqeg`l pe usc hmw bs`g`mw ac tehmy wml ct`aclqcw vmy w
k`wkmw e lscwqye `lqs`g`l> cw ch @lqs`g`ml`wkm q`gm, Cwqe hlce
hhcteae e ws kw yea`geh gmlwcgsclg`e lmw hhcte e sle wcoslae
vmw`g`l( wsibcq`t`wqe( cl he usc wc ed`yke usc lm cw vmw`ihc a`wgsq`y
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
20/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 96
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
wmiyc hm usc qclckmw cl lscwqye `lqs`g`l( pe usc eh wcy wqe
vcywmleh c `lqyelwdcy`ihc( lm acbe leae usc vscae wcy gmkl p
gmkveyq`ihc gml qmamw hmw ackw *Ksoscyre( 966?2715), Veye chCkmq`t`wkm( hmw bs`g`mw kmyehcw wc h`k`qel e czvycwey ckmg`mlcw p
oswqmw, Vcym jep kw ehqcyleq`tew e cwqew amw vmwqsyew usc
acd`clacl hm `llcgcwey`m p hm `kvmw`ihc, Sl qcygcy cldmusc cw ch
Sq`h`qey`wkm( p ws qcmye ckvy`ge ac `aclq`d`gey cw+acic( usc
acd`clac usc jep usc jegcy hm usc cw wmg`ehkclqc q`h vmyusc ew wc
gmlqy`ispc e he t`ae eykml`mwe cl he gmksl`aea, He gyq`ge eh
sq`h`qey`wkm pe he j`rm Jskc p ws aclslg`e e he deheg`e leqsyeh`wqe(
usc vewe ac sl cw dgq`gm e sl acic lmykeq`tm( hm usc te( veye
ckvcrey( cl gmlqye ac hmw vy`lg`v`mw ac he ho`ge acasgq`te,
Bswq`d`gey m acasg`y ch acicy cl t`yqsa ac he sq`h`aea wmg`eh( vewey ac
bs`g`m ac jcgjm e bs`g`m kmyeh( cw sle mvcyeg`l ho`gekclqc
`hcoq`ke *Ksoscyre( 966?2711),
Sle hq`ke evmyqeg`l he qclckmw cl ch Vycwgy`vq`t`wkm q`gm(
ac Y,K, Jeyc vmy cbckvhm( usc acd`clac ch clgeaclek`clqm
acasgq`tm ac hew lmykew cl qelqm usc yermlcw, He dslg`l ach
hclosebc ac he kmyeh cw vycwgy`i`yhc ehom e ehos`cl( vycg`welam usc he
geyegqcywq`ge ac he sl`tcyweh`rei`h`aea cw he usc jegc usc slevycwgy`vg`l m `kvcyeq`tm wce kmyeh, Jeyc( czvh`ge Gekvw *5009296)(
wc ycqymqyec jewqe Nelq gselam ed`yke usc hm geyegqcywq`gm ach acicy
kmyeh cw he cz`oclg`e ac he sl`tcyweh`aea( vcym wc a`dcyclg`e cl usc
he esqmy`aea usc welg`mle p vymasgc ch acicy lm cw he yerl( w`lm ch
swm yceh ach hclosebc, Ycwvcqelam lm gecy cl he deheg`e leqsyeh`wqe( w
clq`clac usc hmw acicycw wml yermleihcw2 cw vmw`ihc czvh`gey
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
21/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 95
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
kca`elqc yermlcw vmy us he ek`wqea cw iscle( vmy cbckvhm> cw
g`cyqm usc wcyl yermlcw ieweaew cl tehmyeg`mlcw evycla`aew vmy he
casgeg`l p he czvcy`clg`e cl he t`ae yceh( vcym wcyl yermlcw eh d`l peh geim, Ycwvcgqm eh vycwgy`vq`t`wkm( lmw clgmlqyekmw gml ch
vymihcke ac usc lslge jeiy sle dslaekclqeg`l hq`ke( vmyusc
w`ckvyc eveycgcy mqye p mqye p vmackmw cwqey ew jewqe ch `ld`l`qm,
Vcym jep kw( wcol Ksoscyre *966?2713) he bswq`d`geg`l
yeg`mleh lm ycgec( egqsehkclqc( cl bs`g`mw kmyehcw e`wheamw w`lm cl
vy`kcy hsoey( cl gmhcgg`mlcw ac bs`g`mw( usc ac ehol kmam jegcl
gmkvcla`m ac hew dmykew kmyehcw usc t`t`kmw> p wcoslam( ac
amgqy`lew q`gew ycwshqelqcw ac lscwqym ycdhcz`mley wmiyc hew
vy`kcyew, P e vmy chhmw lmw clgek`lekmw ejmye( jeg`e hew gmyy`clqcw
egqsehcw ac he q`ge( clqyc hew usc jep usc acwqegey( qelqm he ac Bmjl
Yehw gmkm he q`ge gmksl`geq`te ac he asvhe Evch+Jeicykew( usc
wsvmlcl sl yct`teh ach qyewgclaclqeh`wkm nelq`elm( m swelam sl
lmkclgheqsye kmacyle( cwqekmw elqc ch 9,6 ac Nelq, Ch Pm
qyewgclaclqeh nelq`elm cw ycgsvcyeam( cl dmyke ac lmg`l ac bswq`g`e
p cl dmyke ach `aceh ac gmksl`geg`l( ekimw ejmye( kca`eamw vmy
ch hclosebc *Gekvw( 5009291),
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
22/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 99
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
A, HE Q@GE EVH@GEAE
5, He a`kclw`l vygq`ge ac he cz`wqclg`e,E hm heyom ac he veyqc d`leh ach w`ohm ZZ( bslqm eh qcke ac he
dslaekclqeg`l ac he kmyeh( gmkclr e wsyo`y mqym ycheg`mleam gml
he evh`geg`l( cl he t`ae yceh p gmq`a`ele( ac hm usc wc jeie
gmlwcos`am vycg`wekclqc cl cwc ki`qm ac he dslaekclqeg`l, He
t`ae yceh gmkvhcbe ac hew wmg`caeacw egqsehcw( gml ws cwvy`qs
vmh`ay`gm p hew a`dcyclqcw cwdcyew ac hm wmg`eh( j`g`cyml lcgcwey`ew he
evey`g`l p acweyymhhm ac hew q`gew evh`geaew, He kca`g`le( he
i`mhmoe( he vmhq`ge( he cgmlmke p he ckvycwe( a`wq`lqmw yekmw ac
vymdcw`mlehcw( he `ldmykq`ge( he cgmhmoe( he casgeg`l( ch
vcy`ma`wkm( cz`ocl my`clqeg`mlcw q`gew `lqcya`wg`vh`leycw( lm vmy
gevy`gjm w`lm vmyusc t`t`kmw cl wmg`caeacw vhsyeh`wqew,He g`clg`e lm jegc g`clg`e( l` ch acycgjm jegc acycgjm( cqg, Cw
sl wcy jskelm( g`clqd`gm( eimoeam( ka`gm p cldcykcym( cqg, ch usc
hew v`clwe p yceh`re, Qmam wcy jskelm cw gmlwq`qsq`tekclqc kmyeh(
gmkm lmw a`bm Eyelosycl( vmy qelqm( eimoeamw( vcy`ma`wqew(
vymdcwmycw( `ltcwq`oeamycw p g`clqd`gmw( ka`gmw p cldcykcyew( cqg,
tel e yceh`rey ws acwckvcm vymdcw`mleh gml ws gmlwq`qsg`l kmyeh,He vymdcw`mleh`aea p ch gmlmg`k`clqm gcyqcym p evymv`eam ac ws
heimy lm ch`k`lel he kmyeh`aea ac he vcywmle usc cwq acqyw ac
geae vymdcw`mleh,
He d`hmwmde je ac eqclacy hmw vymihckew usc hc vhelqce he
wmg`caea p vympcgqeywc cl ch a`wgsywm vih`gm( acbelam ac heam
g`cyqmw k`camw `ldslaeamw, He d`hmwmde( ehh vmy he Elq`ocaea
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
23/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 97
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
clohmieie qmae he wei`asye p wc hc clgmkclaeie he wehteoseyae p
kcbmye ac qmamw hmw gmlmg`k`clqmw, Gml ch vewm ach q`ckvm dsc
vcya`clam gew` qmamw hmw ki`qmw ac ycdhcz`l2 g`clg`e( `ltclq`te(bsy`wvysaclg`e( h`lowq`ge( vmhq`ge( vw`gmhmoe( vcaeomoe(
elqymvmhmoe( cqg, Jsim sle cwvcg`eh`reg`l cl hmw a`wq`lqmw gekvmw
ach gmlmg`k`clqm( usc acb dscye e hmw d`hwmdmw ac cwmw ki`qmw(
vmyusc pe jeie sl czvcyqm m sl qgl`gm( m sl vymdcw`mleh ac qeh m
gseh ki`qm usc wc cwvcg`eh`reie cl ch k`wkm, Gml hm usc hhco sl
kmkclqm usc whm uscaeiel amw qcyy`qmy`mw vymv`mw2 ch gekvm ac hm
ycheg`mleam gml he kcqedw`ge( p ch gekvm ac hew gscwq`mlcw kmyehcw p
q`gew, He vy`kcye( usc w`ckvyc cwqstm cl vsole gml he ych`o`l( dsc
bswqekclqc czvshweae k`clqyew wc usciyeie ch vympcgqm ac he
Kmacyl`aea, Ew usc whm hcw uscaeie e hmw d`hwmdmw hew gscwq`mlcw
q`gm+kmyehcw, Vcym ch d`leh ach w`ohm ZZ( p ch wsyo`k`clqm ac hew
q`gew evh`geaew c `lqcya`wg`vh`leycw wsvmlcl veye ksgjmw
vclweamycw sle esqlq`ge ekclere vmy he vya`ae ac hm usc wcye ch
hq`km ycasgqm ach ycdhcz`mley d`hmwd`gm, Wce gmkm dscyc( he d`hmwmde
je ac qclcy cl gsclqe he a`kclw`l vygq`ge ac he cz`wqclg`e, He q`ge
evh`geae lm cwq cl gmlqye ach cwvy`qs sl`tcyweh`wqe ac he d`hmwmde
kmyeh, @kvmyqe eus he tmhslqea ac he evh`geg`l vymv`m ac qmaed`hmwmde vygq`ge, Eh d`hwmdm hc gmyycwvmlac gmmya`ley sl cwveg`m ac
ycdhcz`l p acieqc cl ch usc w q`clc ehom usc evmyqey2 acg`yhc eh
g`clqd`gm( eh ckvycwey`m( eh vmhq`gm( eh ka`gm( e qmamw euschhmw usc w`clqcl
he vycw`l ac slmw gmldh`gqmw a`dg`hcw ac ycwmhtcy p e tcgcw `lghswm ac
vhelqcey( usc cwmw gmldh`gqmw q`clcl sle a`kclw`l q`ge( lm ycasgq`ihc( vmy
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
24/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 91
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
qelqm( e he vcywvcgq`te vsyekclqc g`clqd`ge( vmhq`ge( ka`ge m bsya`ge
*Gekvw $ Gmyq`le( 966?2131),
W` `lqclqekmw vymdsla`rey cl hew yermlcw ach leg`k`clqm ac hewq`gew evh`geaew cl ch kslam egqseh( cl ch vmyus wc jel `am
lcgcw`qelam ws vycwclg`e clqyc acqcyk`leamw gekvmw ac qyeiebm c
`ltcwq`oeg`l( cl acqcyk`leamw wcgqmycw ac he t`ae vih`ge( lmw
clgmlqyekmw gml amw chckclqmw `kvmyqelqcw2 he gmld`elre p he iscle
tmhslqea, Jeg`e edscye( jeg`e he g`saeaele( hew q`gew evh`geaew
qyeqel ac oclcyey gmld`elre, Ch w`ohm ZZ( usc qelqm vymoycwm je
eyymbeam e he Jskel`aea( lmw je clwceam hmw mwgsymw vcyd`hcw ach
wcy jskelm p acqcyk`leamw wcgqmycw vymdcw`mlehcw jel kmwqyeam
wsw geqewqyd`gew dmykew ac yceh`rey he vymdcw`l2 czvcy`kclqeg`l
gml wcycw jskelmw( g`clg`ew eh wcyt`g`m ach ich`g`wkm( cwglaehmw ac
gmyysvg`l vmhq`ge( kel`vsheg`l cl hmw keww kca`e( gyca`i`h`aea
ac he ckvycwe gscwq`mleae( cqg, Acwac aclqym ac hew vymv`ew
`lwqelg`ew lm wc cwq weq`wdcgjm gml he geh`aea ac hew vygq`gew
vymdcw`mlehcw p gml ch oyeam ac gmld`elre usc hew vymdcw`mlcw
`ldslacl e he wmg`caea, He ycgsvcyeg`l ach gya`qm vewe vmy sle
yct`qeh`reg`l q`ge, L` he hcoeh`aea l` hmw `lgclq`tmw cgmlk`gmw iewqel
veye hmoyey usc hmw vymdcw`mlehcw ehgelgcl hew k cqew ac he egq`t`aea usc hewmg`caea hcw je clgmkclaeam2 hm l`gm cd`ger cw ewsk`y he q`ge ac he
vymdcw`l( hew czgchclg`ew p vy`lg`v`mw usc he my`clqel*Gekvw $ Gmyq`le(
966?211?), Jeg`e aclqym( jeg`e hmw vymdcw`mlehcw( hew q`gew evh`geaew
qyeqel ac usc hew egq`t`aeacw usc yceh`rel p hew `lwq`qsg`mlcw e hew
usc vcyqclcgcl usc vscael gmlwcos`y hew kcqew usc hc ael wclq`am
acwac he lmykeh`reg`l p gmq`a`el`aea p lm acwac ch jcymwkm ac hmw
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
25/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 93
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
vymdcw`mlehcw p czvcyqmw, Kca`elqc he iscle tmhslqea( gmlwcos`y
weq`wdegcy hew lcgcw`aeacw p acycgjmw ac qmamw hmw g`saeaelmw
*Gekvw $ Gmyq`le( 966?2110),
9, He gmlwqysgg`l ac sl hsoey gmkl,
Gmkm wc acge( t`t`kmw cl wmg`caeacw kmyehkclqc vhsyeh`wqew(
cl he usc gmlt`tcl a`wq`lqew q`gew p a`wq`lqmw ga`omw kmyehcw, Vmy
hm usc wsvmlcy sle wcy`c ac egscyamw iw`gmw p kl`kmw cw sl cyymy
vymv`m ac vcuscmw `loclsmw, Jep usc iswgeyhmw( m qyeiebey veye
gmlwqys`yhmw, Ejmye i`cl( us `lwqelg`e cwq hco`q`keae veye
eimyaey hew gscwq`mlcw kmyehcw p acwac us q`ge vscac jegcyhm=
Vmyusc he q`ge lm q`clc l` ycvycwclqelqcw chcgqmw *gmkm he vmhq`ge)
l` esqmy`aeacw usc keygel ch gek`lm e wcos`y *gmkm he ych`o`l), P
w`l ckieyom jep usc aey ehosle ycwvscwqe e he vmiheg`l, wqewt`clcl ac a`dcyclqcw clghetcw wmg`ehcw acwac he usc wc dscyml
gmlwqyspclam hew q`gew evh`geaew, Cz`wqcl wc`w chckclqmw ghetcw
aclqym ac he q`ge evh`geae *Gekvw $ Gmyq`le( 966?2113+114)2
+ Hew q`gew evh`geaew legcl ac he yceh`aea wmg`eh( usc `lqcyvche
lm whm e hmw q`gmw w`lm e he g`saeaele eh gmkvhcqm( p clqyc chhe e sl
lkcym ac vcywmlew cl cwvcg`eh,
+ Hmw a`wq`lqmw Omi`cylmw ach kslam usc jel qcl`am usc
myoel`rey gmk`w`mleamw ac q`ge veye ch ewcwmyek`clqm q`gm( elqc
acqcyk`leaew w`qseg`mlcw usc lm vscacl ackmyeywc cl heyomw
vymgcwmw bsa`g`ehcw2 i`mqcglmhmoew( vygq`gew wel`qey`ew( a`ycgg`l ac
ckvycwew( gmkvmyqek`clqm ac vmhq`gmw p he eak`l`wqyeg`l vih`ge,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
26/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 94
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
+ Hmw Czvcyqmw ac sl iscl lkcym ac ki`qmw jel `am
acwgsiy`clam e hm heyom ac ws vygq`ge vymdcw`mleh usc lm cz`wqcl
ycwvscwqew esqmkq`gew veye acqcyk`leamw vymihckew usc wcclgsclqyel cl ws heimy,
+He G`saeaele geae tcr kw acwv`cyqe p gmlwg`clqc ac ws
`kvmyqelg`e( clq`aea( acycgjmw( veyq`g`veg`l egq`te(
ycwvmlwei`h`aea( cqg, ackelae wcy hmw vymqeoml`wqew ac ws vymv`e
yceh`aea wmg`eh( kca`elqc he ach`icyeg`l e qyetw ach e mv`l`l
vih`ge,
+ Hmw D`hwmdmw kmyehcw clq`clacl usc cwqey ycwvmlwei`h`reamw
gml he vmge gmlgycqe cl he usc wc t`tc jegc vmw`ihc ch gmkvymk`wm
gml hew q`gew evh`geaew,
+ Hew q`gew evh`geaew lm ycgecl gml czghsw`t`aea cl hmw
ki`qmw egeak`gmw sl`tcyw`qey`mw( l` wsw ycwshqeamw wmlgmkvcla`mw wcwsamw veye h`qcw `lqchcgqsehcw, Eh gmlqyey`m( cw sl
qyeiebm `lqcya`wg`vh`leyyceh`ream cl gmk`qw p gmk`w`mlcw usc yclcl e
q`gmw( czvcyqmw p edcgqeamw> usc vsih`ge wsw ycwshqeamw cl dmyke ac
acgheyeg`mlcw ga`omw s my`clqeg`mlcw> p usc wc a`wvcywe vmy hmw
a`wq`lqmw ki`qmw ac he wmg`caea( l`tch hmgeh( cwqeqeh p ohmieh,
Cl acd`l`q`te( cwqw q`gew wsyocl vmy `kvcyeq`tm ac sle yceh`aea
wmg`eh usc lcgcw`qeiel ycwvscwqew kshq`a`wg`vh`leycw cl wmg`caeacw
kmyehkclqc vhsyeh`wqew *Gekvw $ Gmyq`le( 966?211?), Wml sle dmyke
ac weicy p ac egqsey usc je w`am ackelaeae vmy sl iscl lkcym
ac egqmycw usc dmykel veyqc ac he yceh`aea wmg`eh qelqm e l`tch cwqeqeh
gmkm ohmieh,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
27/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 9?
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
7, Dmykew ac vymgcacy,
Qclckmw hm qcy`gm( p qclckmw sle yceh`aea e he usc
qyelwvmyqey hm vclweam, Lm cz`wqc sl l`gm kmam ac jegcyhm( acevh`gey e he t`ae a`ey`e hmw vclwek`clqmw p ycdhcz`mlcw q`gew,
Tcyckmw hmw kw `kvmyqelqcw,
7,5, Kmachmw Vymgca`kclqehcw ac he q`ge evh`geae,
E, Vymgca`kclqeh`wkm gews`wqe,
Ch esoc ach Vymgca`kclqeh`wkm wc acic e usc lea`c wc gmlw`acye
gever ac `y kw ehh( dslaekclqelam yeg`mlehkclqc vy`lg`v`mw wswqelq`tmw,
Kscyqe he q`ge kcqedw`ge( lm uscae kw yckca`m usc ycdso`eywc cl he q`ge
vymgca`kclqeh*Oyeg`e( 966?20?),
Qclckmw eus( amw kmachmw ac gewswq`ge( ch 5 p ch 9, He
gewswq`ge 5 wc iewe cl sl vymgca`k`clqm qcy`gm+cwvcgsheq`tm p
acasgq`tm, Oyeg`e *966?20?+0:) hm acd`lc( g`qelam e Eyyew3
( gmkm cheyqc ac evh`gey gsehus`cy q`vm ac vy`lg`v`mw kmyehcw usc wc qcloel e kelm e
hmw gewmw gmlgycqmw, He gewswq`ge 9( m kmyeh qy`elosheq`ml( wc iewe cl sl
vymgca`k`clqm vygq`gm p ycqy`gm, @lqclqe wmhsg`mley hmw gmldh`gqmw e
veyq`y ac slew kz`kew dmyksheaew cl gy`qcy`m gmltcyoclqc p
vysaclqc ac jmkiycw wei`mw,
E,5, Gewswq`ge 5 m q`ge ac he yeg`mleh`aea dmykeh+ocmkqy`ge,
Ws geyegqcywq`ge vy`lg`veh cw gmlw`acyey acasgq`tekclqc ch
gewm cl gscwq`l gmkm sle veyq`gshey`reg`l ac hmw vy`lg`v`mw
oclcyehcw, Sl cbckvhm ac cwqe q`ge he tckmw cl Ey`wqqchcw, Qeki`l
cl Vheql( Wv`lmre( Qmkw ac Eus`lm m Nelq, Lmw gclqyeyckmw cl he
ach cwqeo`y`qe, Cwqc Vymgca`kclqeh`wkm cwq dmykeam vmy amw
3 Eyyew( Bmjl A,( Gmkkml he kmyeh`qp( Jewq`low gclqcy ycvmyq( 5006,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
28/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 9:
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
kmkclqmw( slm e vy`my` p mqym e vmwqcy`my`, Ch vy`kcym ac chhmw(
kmkclqm sl`tcyweh p acmlqmho`gm cwq gmlwq`qs`am vmy vy`lg`v`mw
sl`tcywehcw p ez`mkq`gmw, Ch wcoslam( veyq`gshey p qchcmho`gm( cwqgmlwq`qs`am vmy hew yermlcw gmlgycqew p g`ygslwqelg`ehcw, Ch kmam ac
dslg`mlek`clqm cw ch w`os`clqc2 5) cwqeihcg`k`clqm ac he lmyke(
cwqm cw( hm usc cw gmyycgqm w`l qclcy cl gsclqe g`ygslwqelg`e ehosle>
9) cwqeihcg`k`clqm ac he czgcvg`l( cwqm cw( hm usc ycwshqe isclm m
kclmw kehm cl ch jcgjm( w`qseg`l m gewm gmlgycqm *Oyeg`e( 966?200),
W` lm wc ael ekimw l`tchcw lm vscac jeicy bs`g`m kmyeh2 ycgqe yeq`m
eo`i`h`sk, Cl g`cyqm wclq`am vmackmw acg`y usc ach vy`kcy l`tch
lmykeq`tm wc clgeyoe he q`ge p ach wcoslam l`tch gewswq`gm wc
clgeyoe he kmyeh,
E,9, Gewswq`ge 9 m q`ge ac he yeg`mleh`aea j`wqy`gm+cgmho`ge,
Gmkm pe lm t`t`kmw cl cwmw q`ckvmw cl hmw usc wc jeihe ac
yerl vsye p eiwmhsqe( hew q`gew ac( vmy cbckvhm( Nelq m Wv`lmre(
ycwshqel `kvclweihcw( a`dg`hcw ac eak`q`y, Jckmw veweam vmy sle
ycacd`l`g`l ac he yeg`mleh`aea usc lm ycvmwe pe l` cl he kcqedw`ge
l` cl hm qyewgclaclqeh( w`lm cl hm g`ygslwqelg`eh ac hm j`wqy`gm+
cgmho`gm, W` gml ch vy`kcy kmachm hmw gmldh`gqmw wc ycwmhtel
egsa`clam e vy`lg`v`mw `lksqeihcw p lcgcwey`mw( cl cwqc lsctmkmachm( hmw gmldh`gqmw vscacl ycwmhtcywc egsa`clam e yermlcw
vygq`gew( j`wqy`gew e vmwqcy`my`, Vmy qelqm( wc geki`el hmw vy`lg`v`mw
kmyehcw eiwmhsqmw vmy qycw l`tchcw *Oyeg`e( 966?2565+567)2 5) hmw
`acehcw czvh`geq`tmw( wml veqymlcw j`wqy`gmw ac yeg`mleh`aea p ac
`lqch`o`i`h`aea usc ael wclq`am e hmw jcgjmw( cwqm cw( keygmw ac
ycdcyclg`e mih`oeamw usc cwqeihcgcl hk`qcw vcym usc wml
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
29/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 90
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
`yyceh`reihcw ac kmam gmkvhcqm m vcydcgqm> 9) hmw vymgca`k`clqmw
czvh`geq`tmw wml hmw hclosebcw( qgl`gew p kcqmamhmoew lcgcwey`ew
veye jegcy yceh`aea( eslusc wce veyg`ehkclqc( cwmw `acehcw, 7) hmwmibcq`tmw czvh`geq`tmw gmlgycqmw usc os`eyl geae vymgca`k`clqm,
I, Vymgca`kclqeh`wkm a`wgsyw`tm,
Evch p Jeicykewgm`lg`acl cl ew`oley e he q`ge he k`w`l ac
dslaekclqey he a`kclw`l lmykeq`te ac hm kmyeh *Gmyq`le( 50042593+
594), Ws q`ge( a`wgsyw`te( mdycgc sl dslaekclqm ac hm kmyeh usc
qyelwdmyke a`eho`gekclqc ch vy`lg`v`m dmykeh nelq`elm ac he
esqmlmke ac he tmhslqea cl ch vy`lg`v`m vymgca`kclqeh ac he q`ge
a`wgsyw`te, Evch hm dmykshe gmkm w`osc2 Qmamw hmw wcycw gevegcw ac
gmksl`geg`l h`lowq`ge acicl wcy ycgmlmg`amw gmkm vcywmlew( vscwqm usc
cl qmaew wsw egg`mlcw p czvycw`mlcw wml `lqcyhmgsqmycw t`yqsehcw( p he
bswq`d`geg`l `h`k`qeae ach vclwek`clqm lm vscac yclslg`ey e l`lol
`lqcyhmgsqmy p e l`losle ac wsw evmyqeg`mlcw t`yqsehcw e he a`wgsw`l,
Qmae vcywmle cw sl `lqcyhmgsqmy th`am cl `osehaea gmksl`geq`te(
gml hm usc l`lol `lqcyhmgsqmy th`am vscac wcy czghs`am e vy`my` ac
he eyoskclqeg`l gselam wqe tcywe wmiyc lmykew usc hc edcgqel,
Jeicykew hm czvycwe gmkm w`osc2 Whm wml teh`aew euschhew lmykew acegg`l gml hew usc vmayel cwqey ac egscyam qmamw hmw vmw`ihcw edcgqeamw
gmkm veyq`g`velqcw cl sl a`wgsywm vygq`gm,
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
30/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 76
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
G, Kmachm g`ygshey ac he jcykclsq`ge gyq`ge *Gmyq`le(
5004259:+571),
5, Kmkclqm nelq`elm, Cwqc kmachm lm qyeqe l` ac he evh`geg`lac vy`lg`v`mw oclcyehcw e gewmw gmlgycqcw( l` ac `lasg`y kz`kew
acwac hew acg`w`mlcw gmlgycqew, Wc qyeqe ac acwgsiy`y geae vcgsh`ey
vy`lg`v`m gmkl usc jep cl geae ki`qm, Vmy qelqm( vy`kcym( cl cwqc
kmkclqm he `lqcya`wg`vh`ley`aea cw `kvycwg`la`ihc, Wcoslam( cwqc
kmachm qyeqe ac wskey hmw evmpmw ac hew qmaew euschhew q`gew usc
us`cyel hm isclm veye ch wcy jskelm, Cwm w( ch chckclqm
gmmya`leamy hm vmlc cl he q`ge ach a`wgsywm( gml ws egg`l
gmksl`geq`te p he eyoskclqeg`l, Qeki`l he `ace ac wsbcqm gmkm
`lqcyhmgsqmy th`am p usc l`gekclqc wml lmykew hcoq`kew euschhew
usc weq`wdeoel hmw `lqcycwcw sl`tcyweh`reihcw,
9, Kmkclqm ey`wqmqh`gm, Sle ac hew yermlcw ach leg`k`clqm ac
he q`ge evh`geae cwq cl he `lwsd`g`clg`e ac he q`ge `la`t`aseh, Cwq
kw usc ackmwqyeam usc cl mgew`mlcw he iscle tmhslqea vcywmleh
q`clc kehew gmlwcgsclg`ew veye he gmksl`aea, Vmy cwm cw lcgcwey`m
qyelw`qey ac he ho`ge ac he egg`l `la`t`aseh e he ac he egg`l gmhcgq`te2
kmyeh`rey e hew `lwq`qsg`mlcw( p vmy wqew e hew vcywmlew, Hmw ki`qmw
ac he q`ge evh`geae wml egq`t`aeacw wmg`ehcw2 ch wel`qey`m *kca`g`le pcldcykcye)( he `ltcwq`oeg`l i`mqcglmho`ge( he cgmlmke( he ckvycwe( he
cgmhmoe( hmw kca`mw ac gmksl`geg`l( hew myoel`reg`mlcw c `lwq`qsg`mlcw
wmg`ehcw p hew egq`t`aeacw vymdcw`mlehcw p md`g`mw, Vcym jckmw ac qclcy
ksp gheym usc hew `lwq`qsg`mlcw wml gy`wqeh`reg`mlcw ac he egg`l
jskele( yceh`reae vmy wsbcqmw jskelmw, Hmw chckclqmw ac
ycdcyclg`e ac qmae q`ge evh`geae wml2
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
31/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 75
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
+ Qmae hew egq`t`aeacw gmmvcyeq`tew vcyw`oscl sl i`cl `lqcylm2
ch i`cl `lqcylm ac he wel`aea cw ch i`cl ach veg`clqc> ch ac he ckvycwe( he
weq`wdegg`l ac lcgcw`aeacw jskelew gml geh`aea> ch ac he vmhq`ge( ch i`clgmkl ac hmw g`saeaelmw> ch ac he amgclg`e( he qyelwk`w`l ac he gshqsye p he
dmykeg`l ac vcywmlew gyq`gew> ch ac hew i`mqcglmhmoew( he `ltcwq`oeg`l cl
vym ac sle jskel`aea kw h`iyc p dch`r, Gmkm hmw i`clcw+d`lcw pe cwql
aeamw( he q`ge evh`geae( cl geae gewm( qclay usc ach`icyey wmiyc hmw
kca`mw gmlgycqmw usc jep usc ewsk`y veye hhcoey e hmw k`wkmw,
+ Qmaew hew egq`t`aeacw gmmvcyeq`tew vcyw`oscl sl i`cl `lqcylm
eslusc veye jegcyhm jel ac qclcy cl gsclqe hmw kcgel`wkmw ac
dslg`mlek`clqm ac hew wmg`caeacw kmacylew, Gmyq`le vmlc ch
cbckvhm ac he egq`t`aea ckvycwey`eh2 aclqym ach gmlqczqm cgmlk`gm(
vcyw`osc sl i`cl `lqcylm( he weq`wdegg`l ac lcgcw`aeacw jskelew( eslusc
veye ehgelreyhm je ac gmlqey gml kcgel`wkmw( gmkm wml ch kcygeam( he
gmkvcqclg`e p he iwuscae ach iclcd`g`m( p yceh`rey tehmycw vcgsh`eycw( gmkm
he iwuscae ac geh`aea( he jei`h`aea veye jegcy swc ac hmw ycgsywmw( ksp
cwvcg`ehkclqc hmw ycgsywmw jskelmw( cqg,
+ Qmaew hew egq`t`aeacw vcyw`oscl sl i`cl `lqcylm eslusc veye
jegcyhm jel ac qclcy cl gsclqe hmw kcgel`wkmw ac dslg`mlek`clqm
ac hew wmg`caeacw kmacylew p jel ac eqclcywc e he hco`wheg`lt`oclqc p eh keygm gmlwq`qsg`mleh ac hmw cwqeamw ackmgyq`gmw,
+ Qmaew hew egq`t`aeacw vcyw`oscl sl i`cl `lqcylm eslusc veye
jegcyhm jel ac qclcy cl gsclqe hmw kcgel`wkmw ac dslg`mlek`clqm
ac hew wmg`caeacw kmacylew( jel ac eqclcywc e he hco`wheg`l t`oclqc
p eh keygm gmlwq`qsg`mleh ac hmw cwqeamw ackmgyq`gmw p d`lehkclqc(
eqclcywc e he gmlg`clg`e kmyeh gt`ge, Gmyq`le clq`clac vmy q`ge
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
32/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 79
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
g`t`h eusch gmlbslqm ac tehmycw usc hmw g`saeaelmw ac sle wmg`caea
vhsyeh`wqe pe gmkveyqcl,
7, Kmkclqm gmlwcgsclg`eh`wqe, W`osc jei`clam sle vycoslqevmy gmlqcwqey2 us tehmycw p acycgjmw jel ac wcy yeg`mlehkclqc
ycwvcqeamw= Gsehus`cy egq`t`aea m `lwq`qsg`l usc vycqclae wcy hcoq`ke
je ac ycgmlmgcy usc hmw edcgqeamw vmy hew lmykew ac cwc ki`qm wml
`lqcyhmgsqmycw th`amw, P cwqm cz`oc gmlw`acyey usc qehcw lmykew wcyl
bswqew l`gekclqc w` vsa`cyel wcy egcvqeaew vmy qmamw chhmw qyew sl a`ehmom
yeg`mleh, Vmy hm qelqm( mih`oe e qyeqey e hmw edcgqeamw gmkm wcycw amqeamw ac
sl gmlbslqm ac acycgjmw( usc cl geae gekvm ycg`i`yl sle cwvcg`eh
kmasheg`l, Hmw edcgqeamw vmy he qmke ac acg`w`l cl hmw gewmw
gmlgycqmw jel ac bsoey sl vevch gclqyeh cl ch kmachm acdcla`am vmy
Gmyq`le, P bslqm e wqmw( qeki`l jep usc vycwqey ksgje eqclg`l e
he vmlacyeg`l ac hew gmlwcgsclg`ew cl ch ewcwmyek`clqm q`gm ac
gmk`qw p ga`omw q`gmw,
Dgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m
-
7/30/2019 Bentez Rubio, Fco. Javier - PAPELES DE TICA Y BIOTICA - tica y Moral
33/33
Q@GE P KMYEHDgm, Bet`cy Iclqcr Ysi`m 77
VEVCHCW AC Q@GE P I@MQ@GE
I`ih`moyede2
+Eyelosycl( Bmw Hs`w H, Q@GEEh`elre Sl`tcyw`aea Qczqmw 5 ca`g`l : yc`kvycw`l 5003
Keay`a
+ Gekvw( T`gqmy`e( Osey`oh`e( Mwteham( Wehkcyl( Dcylelam *Ca`qmycw)( GMLGCVG@MLCW AC HE
Q@GE Qymqqe GW@G Clg`ghmvca`e @icymekcy`gele ac D`hmwmde 9 5 Ca`g`l 5009 5 yc`kvycw`l
9661 Keay`a
Vycwclqeg`l *T`gqmy`e Gekvw) vv, 55+9:
Nelq`wkm *Mwteham Osey`oh`e) vv, 37+?9
q`ge Gmksl`geq`te *Eache Gmyq`le) vv, 5??+966
q`ge Lcmgmlqyegqseh`wqe *K, Bmw Eoye Ymkcym) vv, 91?+94:
+ Gmyq`le( Eache CH CWQEQSQM AC HE Q@GE EVH@GEAE, JCYKCLSQ@GE GYQ@GE AC
HEW EGQ@T@AEACW JSKELEW @wcomye-57 *5004) vv, 550+571+ Gmyq`le( Eache Q@GE KL@KE, @LQYMASGG@L E HE D@HMWMDE VYGQ@GE Qcglmw 57
ca`g`l( 966: Keay`a,
+ Gmyq`le( EacheQ@GE W@L KMYEH Qcglmw( 0 ca`g`l( 9656 Keay`a
+ Okcr( G,( Ksoscyre( B, *Caw,) HE ETCLQSYE AC HE KMYEH@AEA, VEYEA@OKEW(
DYMLQCYEW P VYMIHCKEW AC HE Q@GE, Eh`elre Ca`qmy`eh 966? Keay`a
Ch ki`qm ac he kmyeh`aea2 q`ge p kmyeh *Geyhmw Okcr) vv, 50+39
Ch vymihcke ac he dslaekclqeg`l *Bet`cy Ksoscyre) vv, 777+7:5
Hew q`gew evh`geaew *T`gqmy`e Gekvw $ Eache Gmyq`le) vv, 111+147
+ Oyeg`e( A`com VYMGCA@K@CLQMW AC ACG@W@L CL Q@GE GHL@GE Qy`egewqche 9 Ca`g`l
Gmhcgg`l Jskel`aeacw Ka`gew l 99( 966? Keay`a
+ Osey`oh`e( Mwteham *Ca`qmy) GSCWQ@MLCW KMYEHCW Qymqqe GW@G Clg`ghmvca`e
@icymekcy`gele ac D`hmwmde 59 5 Ca`g`l 5004 5 yc`kvycw`l 966? Keay`a
@lqymasgg`l2 t`ae kmyeh( q`ge p q`ge evh`geae *Mwteham Osey`oh`e) vv, 55+99
Gmlmg`k`clqm p yerl cl he eyoskclqeg`l kmyeh *Keye Jcyycye H`ke) vv, :0+564
Gmk`qw ac q`ge *Eache Gmyq`le) vv, 905+764
+ Nelq( @, DSLAEKCLQEG@L AC HE KCQEDW@GE AC HEW GMWQSKIYCW D`hmwmde Jmp
Welq`hhele 5004 Keay`a Qyeasgg`l( cwqsa`m p lmqew vmy Lmyicyqm Wk`ho T`aeh