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Bioplastik dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit
ISROI
Seminar Nasional “Peluang dan Tantangan Pengembangan Industri Hilir Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia” Yogyakarta, 18-19 Januari 2018
Masalah Sampah Plastik di Indonesia
Di Tanah
Di Sungai
Di Laut
Indonesian Plastic Statistic 2016 (PP,PE,PS,PVC)
Capacity 2,920,000 TPY
Production 1,750,000 TPY
Demand 4,750,000 TPY
Import 2,450,000 TPY
Recycle consumption 450.000 TPY
Un-recyled plastic: 4.300.000 TPY
*) Budi Sadiman (Inaplast 2016)
Solusi Bioplastik
Biodegradable
Prediksi Produksi Bioplastik Global
Bio-Plastics
• Bio-based Plastics
Fokus utama pada asal dari sumber karbon yang digunakan dalam pembuatan bio-plastik
• Biodegradable Plastics
Fokus pada Focus is on “end of life or disposal”
Defined by EN13432 and ASTM D6400
Source: http://www.plasticstoday.com/
Lignocellulose Based Bioplastic
Brodin, M., Vallejos, M., Opedal, M. T., Area, M. C., & Chinga-Carrasco, G. (2017). Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics--a review. Journal of Cleaner Production.
Microfiber Celulosa
Glucose
Bioetanol Ethylene
Poliethylene (PE)
Lactic Acid
Nano cellulose
Nanocrystaline cellulose
Nanofiber cellulose
Bioplastic
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Cellulose acetate
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Biomass
Micro cryatalline cellulose
Turunan Selulosa dalam bioplastik
NFC (Nanofiber
Cellulose)
CNC (Cellulose
Nanocrystal)
CAB (Cellulose
Acetat Butyrate)
CA (Cellulose Acetat)
Cellulose Ester
Bio-PE
PLA (polylactic acid)
Why Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches?
Produksi CPO Global dan Indonesia
Estimated production 2016/2017: 62.88 million tons.
Sumber: FAOSTAT (May 29, 2017), Dirjenbun 2017, http://www.globalpalmoilproduction.com/
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Pro
du
ksi C
PO
(ju
ta t
on
)
Tahun
Global Indonesia
1 ton TBS
140 – 230 kg CPO Oil Palm Mill
217 kg TKKS
71 kg cangkang
123 kg fiber
Hayashi, Kiichiro. "Environmental impact of palm oil industry in Indonesia." International Symposium on EcoTopia
Science. 2007.
Satu PKS bisa menghasilkan TKKS sebanyak 200 – 600 ton per hari
Indonesia 31.53 Juta Tonnes Malaysia 18.08 Juta Tonnes Thailand 1.85 Juta Tonnes
Understanding lignocellulosic properties of EFB
Main Lignocellulosic Component
Lignin
Cellulose
Hemicelullose
Ash & extractives
Cellulose from EFB
58.3 juta ton
TKKS/tahun
21.37 juta ton
selulosa/tahun =
Kandungan (%)
How Water Soluble (%)
17.79
Cellulose (%) 36.67 Hemicellulose (%) 13.50 Lignin (%) 31.16 Ash (%) 0.89
Struktur lignoselulosa dan selulosa TKKS
Macrofiber TKKS
Struktur lignoselulosa dan selulosa TKKS
Amorphous
region
Lignin celulosa
Hemicelulosa
Crystaline
region
Silica bodies
Lignin
Hemicellulose
Cellulose
Permukaan serat TKKS ditutupi oleh silika body
(tanda panah)
http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2012/PY/c1py00445j/c1py00445j-f1.gif
http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/38562/media/image1.png
Cellulose Based Bioplastic
Turunan Selulosa dalam bioplastik
NFC (Nanofiber
Cellulose)
CNC (Cellulose
Nanocrystal)
CAB (Cellulose
Acetat Butyrate)
CA (Cellulose Acetat)
Cellulose Ester
Bio-PE
PLA (polylactic acid)
Tahapan Umum Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari TKKS
TKKS Isolasi dan pemurnian
selulosa
Modifikasi serat selulosa
Pencacahan dan pengeringan
Metode pulping yang bisa digunakan A. Kimia B. Bio-pulping C. Pulping mekanis D. Kombinasi
PULP
Pulping
PULP
Hidrolisis, oksidasi dan perlakuan fisis
Serat selulosa (Kandungan selulosa>95%)
Selulosa PULP Serat TKKS
Selulosa mikrofiber (Kandungan
Selulosa>95%)
Hasil analisa FTIR
Parameter TKKS Pulp Selulosa How Water Soluble (HWS) (%)
17.79 - -
Selulosa (%) 36.67 65.43 90.86 Hemiselulosa (%) 13.50 16.68 8.98 Lignin (%) 31.16 17.70 - Abu (%) 0.89 0.18 0.16
Kandungan lignoselulosa dari Tankos, pulp dan
selulosa
Derajat polimerisasi (Degree of polymerization) dai
TKKS, pulp and selulosa.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OPEFB Pulp Cellulose
Degree of Polymerization
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
OPEFB Pulp Cellulose
Fiber Length Distribution
0.2-0.5 mm 0.5-1.0 mm 1.0-1.5 mm
1.5-2.5 mm 2.5-7.5 mm
Distribusi panjang serat TKKS, pulp dan selulosa dari TKKS.
Microfiber Celulosa
Glukosa
Bioetanol Ethylene
Poliethylene (PE)
Asam Laktat
Nano selulosa
Selulosa Nanocrystaline
Selulosa Nanofiber
Bioplastik
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Sellulosa asetate
Polylactic Acid (PLA)
TKKS
Mikrokristalin Selulosa
Selulosa mikrofiber (Kandungan
Selulosa>95%)
Selulosa Microcrystaline
Derivate Selulosa
Matrik Biopolymer Plastisizer dan Kompatibilizer
BIOPLASTIK
Proses Sintesis
Bioplastik
Bioplastik (komposit selulosa-pati) dengan berbagai rasio selulosa
O%
12.5%
25%
37.5%
50%
Kenampakan serat selulosa di dalam komposit bioplastik
50%
12.5% Cellulose
Microscopic view of cellulose inside the composite
1000200030004000
Wavenumbers
Cellulosa
Starch
Bioplastic
Physical characteristic of the bioplastic
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
0,000 0,125 0,250 0,375 0,500
%
kgf/
cm2
Plastisizer (%)
Tensile Strenght Elastic Modulus Elongation at break
Bijih Bioplastik
PLA – Polylactic Acid
EFB
Glucose
hidrolysis
PLA Pellets
PLA – Bioplastic Application
Bio-PE (Bio-PolyEthylene) & Bio-PP
EFB
EFB based Ethanol
Bio-Polyester
Produk Bioplastik Sawit
Kantong Bioplastik
Lembaran Bioplastik
Kemasan Bioplastik
Air Minyak
Bioplastik sawit untuk kemasan minyak
Rencana pengembangan bioplastik sawit
Bioplastic Cutlery
Bioplastic Food Box
Seasoning oil
Bioplastic glassware
Bioplastic Foam
For the love of the earth
Thanks You Thanks You