bestavailabletechniques bat ineuropean … finland... · 2009. 8. 4. · forestindustryproduction...
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BESTAVAILABLETECHNIQUES BATINEUROPEANENVIRONMENTALLEGISLATIONAlinaRuonala LindgrenFinnish ForestIndustriesFederation
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THECONTENTOFTHEPRESENTATIONGeneralabouttheFinnishForestIndustryEUsIPPCDirective IntegratedPreventionandPollutionControlWhatareBestAvailableTechniques BATWhatisBATBREF
BATBREFforPulpandPaperSectorCASE KraftPulpProductioninFinland
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FinnishPaper PaperboardandPulpMills2005InFinlandthereare
19Pulpmills24Mechanicalandsemi chemicalpulpmills28Papermills14Paperboardmills SOURCE Membercompanies
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ForestIndustryProductioninFinland1960 2004
PaperandpaperboardWoodpulpSawn softwoodWood basedpanelsmillcumtonmillcumton161614141212101088664422001960196519701975198019851990199520002005SOURCE FinnishForestIndustries
Federation
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ChemicalPulpProductioninFinland1960 2004
SulphateDissolving special gradesSulphitemill tonsmill tons8877665544332211001960196519701975198019851990199520002005SOURCE
FinnishForestIndustriesFederation
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PulpProductioninFinlandbyGradein1980and2004
SemichemicalpulpMechanical pulp semichemicalpulpMechanical pulp Bl softwoodSulphiteand others Bl hardwoodBl softwood UnbleachedBl hardwoodUnbleached 5415 2539321523 11 31Total72milltonsin1980Total126milltonsin2004SOURCE
FinnishForestIndustriesFederation
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Paper PaperboardandPulpMillsownedbyFinnishCompaniesinEurope
Ahlstrom CorporationStora Enso OyjLaGŁre FranceBerghuizer NetherlandsRottersac FranceLangerbrugge BelgiumStenay FranceSachsen Papier GermanyChantraine FranceReisholz GermanyBousbecque FranceKabel GermanyPont Audemer FranceUetersen GermanySaint SØverin FranceBaienfurt GermanyAltenkirchen GermanyMaxau Wolfsheck GermanyNümbrecht GermanyBarcelona SpainOsnabrück GermanyKvarnsveden SwedenAscoli ItalyHylte SwedenMathi Turin ItalyNymölla SwedenM realCorporationFors SwedenBiberist SwitzerlandSkoghall SwedenSittingbourne Great BritainGrycksbo SwedenNew Thames Great BritainNorrsundet SwedenHusum SwedenSkutskär SwedenWifsta SwedenCorbehem FranceZandersGohrsmühle GermanyCelbi Pulp PortugalZandersReflex GermanyOstroleka PolandStockstadt GermanyCorenso St Seurin surlIsle FranceAlizay FranceUPM Kymmene CorporationPontStMaxence FrancePapeteries deDocelles FranceHallein AustriaChapelle Darblay FranceMetsä Tissue CorporationStracel FranceKatrinefors mill SwedenAugsburg GermanySmåland mills SwedenNordland GermanyKreuzau mill GermanySchongau GermanyRaubach mill GermanySchwedt GermanyStotzheim mill GermanySteyrermühl AustriaWarsawmill PolandCaledonian Paper Great BritainKrapkowice mill PolandShotton Paper Great BritainMyllykoski CorporationMyllykoski Continental AlbbruckDachau andPlattlingLang Papier Rhein Papier GermanyUtzenstorfPapier Switzerland SOURCE Membercompanies
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Paper PaperboardandPulpMillsownedbyFinnishCompaniesoutsideEuropeBlandinBlandinPaperPaperMiramichiMiramichiPortHawkesburyPort HawkesburyMadisonPaper CompanyMadison Paper CompanyMadison Paper IndustriesMadisonPaper IndustriesBironBironDuluthDuluthChangshuChangshuKimberlyKimberlySuzhouSuzhouNiagaraNiagaraStevensPointStevensPointWhitingWhitingWisconsinRapidsWisconsin RapidsVeracelVeracelpulp mill startpulp mill start up 2005up 2005JointventureJoint venture StoraStoraEnsoEnsoand and AracruzAracruzStora Enso OyjStora Enso OyjStora Enso OyjUPMUPMUPM Kymmene CorporationKymmene CorporationKymmene CorporationMyllykoski CorporationMyllykoski CorporationMyllykoski CorporationFrayFrayBentosBentospulpmill under constructionpulp mill under constructionOyOyOy MetsäMetsäMetsä BotniaBotniaBotniaAbAbAbBotniaBotniaS A SASOURCESOURCE
MemberMembercompaniescompanies
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MainGlobalForestIndustryCompaniesTotalturnoverin2004 bill EUR
246810121416182022International PaperWeyerhaeuserGeorgiaPacificStoraEnsoKimberly ClarkSCAUPM KymmeneProcter GambleNippon PaperGroupOjiPaperSOURCE Jaakko
Pöyry
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EuropeanIPPCDirectiveIntegratedPreventionandPollutionControl
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EUIPPC IntegratedPollutionPreventionandControl DirectiveAllenvironmentalimpactsoftheactivitiesmustbeexaminedinafullyintegratedwayDischargesandemissionsreleasedintotheair waterorthesoilmustallbeassessedsimultaneously togetherwithotherfactorssuchasresourceconsumption wasteminimisationenergy efficiency noiseandvibrationandaccidentprevention
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obligesEUmemberstatestointegratethecontrolofemissionscausedbyindustryallbiginstallationsmusthavenewenvironmentalpermitsbyOctober2007coversallpulpmillsandthosepaperandboardmills whoseproductionis 20tathepreventionortherestrictionofdamagestoaminimumcautionandprecaution principletheapplicationofthebestavailabletechnologyBATthebestpracticefromtheperspectiveoftheenvironment BEPthepolluterpays principle
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Operatorsneedtoprovethattheirinstallationsfunctioninwaysthatpreventdischargesandemissionswhereverthisispracticallypossibleorreduceemissionstoacceptable levelsbyusingBATBATBREFdocumentsmustbetakenintoaccountinthepermitprocedureSitesmustalsoultimatelybereturnedtoasatisfactorystateafteroperationscease
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WhatisBestAvailableTechniquesBAT
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IndeterminingwhatisBATeverywordisimportantBESTmeansmosteffectiveinachievingahighgeneral levelofprotectionoftheenvironmentasawhole
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AVAILABLEtechniquesmeanthosedevelopedonascalewhichallowsimplementation intherelevantindustrialsector undereconomicallyandtechnicallyviableconditions takingintoconsiderationthecostsandadvantages aslongastheyarereasonablyaccessibletotheoperator
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TECHNIQUESincludeboththetechnologyusedandthewayinwhichtheinstallationisdesignedbuilt maintained operatedanddecommissioned
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BATMEANSoperatorsuseBATandbestprocedurestopreventorreduceenvironmentalimpactsthemosteffectiveandadvancedtechniquesthatcanbepracticallyadoptedtopreventharmfulemissionsandotherenvironmentalimpacts orreducethemtoacceptable limitsmustbeenvironmentally economicallyandtechnicallyfeasibleregulatorgivesanemissionlimitvalueintheenvironmentalpermit operatordecidesonthetechnique
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ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSAirpollution CO2Noise
Chemicals Risks accidentsProducts
Waste LanduseVisualimpact Wastewater
TransportationRawmaterials energyefficiency
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WHATISABATBREFDOCUMENTTheEUmemberstates competentauthoritiesandindustrycooperateonthedevelopmentofBATreferencedocuments BREFOver30BREFdocuments horizontalandverticalRevisionofBREFs everythreeyearsABATreferencedocument BREF presentsthetechiquesandtheemissionandconsumptionlevelsthatareconsideredtobecompatiblewithBATinageneralsense
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WHATISBATREFERENCEDOCUMENTBREFEUBATBREFdocumentsdescribethetechniqueswhichitisagreedcanbedefinedasBAT aswellastheagreedindicativeemissionlevelstobeappliedwhensuchtechniquesareusedisinformationofwhatispossibleinoperatingmillslistofappropriatetechniquesrangetoemissions specificemissionseg kgtonofproduct nottobeconsideredtobeemissionlimitvalues Localsituationmustbetakenintoaccountlistofemergingtechniques
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WHATISBATREFERENCEDOCUMENT BREFWhatBREFsarenotWhatBREFSare BREFsare notstandardsordemandsBrefsareinformationTheymightgiveinformation Theydonotsetorproposeemissionaboutwhatcanbedone limitvalueseitheratsector nationalBrefcangiveinformationwhatisregional localorsitespecificlevelpossible ShoppinglistsfordifferentequipmentBrefdoesnotsaywhatshouldbedone TheydonotprovideanylegalBrefscanbeusedasabenchmarkinterpretationoftheIPPCDirectiveoranyardstickforpermit Theycannotbeexhaustivenorcanconditionsandwillgivethe theyfullytakeaccountofalllocaloverallframetostartnegotiationsofpermits wherelocal conditionsindeterminingBATcircumstanceswillbetakenintoTheycannotdetermineBATatspecificaccount national regional local levels
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EUBATBREFFORPULPANDPAPERSECTORKraftpulpingprocessBleachedandunbleachedSulphitepulpingprocessMechanicalpulpingandchemi mechanicalpulpingIncludingintegratedLWCandSCRecycledfibreprocessingIncluding integratedRCFpapermillswithoutdeinkingandde inking newsprintprinting writing tissuePapermakingandrelatedprocessesuncoatedfinepaper coatedfinepaper tissue
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EUBATBREFFORPULPANDPAPERSECTOREachchaptercontainfollowinginformationAppliedprocessesandtechniquesPresentconsumptionemissionlevelTechniquestoconsiderinthedeterminationofBATBestavailabletechniquesEmergingtechniques
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CASE KRAFTPULPPRODUCTIONINFINLAND
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BATassociatedemissionranges wastewaterFlowCODBODTSSAOXTotal NTotalPm3 AdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdtkgAdt
Bleached30 508 23 03 1506 15 025 01 025001 003pulpUnbleached 15 255 10 02 0703 10 0102001 002pulpBestavailable techniques forreducingemissionstowaterareDrydebarkingofwoodIncreaseddelignification before thebleachplantbyextended ormodifiedcookingandadditionaloxygen stagesHighlyefficientbrownstockwashingand closedcyclebrownstockscreeningElemental chlorine free ECF bleachingwithlowAOXorTotallychlorinefree TCF bleachingRecyclingofsome mainlyalkalineprocesswater fromthebleachplantEffectivespillmonitoring containmentand recovery systemStrippingandreuseof thecondensates fromtheevaporation plantSufficient capacityoftheblackliquorevaporation plantandtherecoveryboilertocopewiththeadditional liquoranddrysolidsloadCollectionand reuseofcleancoolingwatersProvisionofsufficiently largebuffer tanksforstorageofspilledcooking andrecovery liquorsanddirtycondensates topreventsudden peaks ofloadingandoccasional upsets in theexternal effluenttreatment plantInaddition toprocess integratedmeasures primary treatment andbiological treatment isconsideredBATforkraftpulpmills
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BATassociatedemissionrangesemissionstoairDust SO asS NOx NO NO2asTRS asS2kgAdtkgAdtNO2 inkgAdtkgAdtBleachedandunbleached 02 05020410150102kraftpulpBestavailabletechniques forreducingemissions toairareCollection and incinerationof concentratedmalodorous gasesandcontrol theresultingSO2 emissions Thestronggasescanbe burntinthe recoveryboiler inthelimekilnor aseparate lowNOxfurnace Thefluegasesof thelatterhave ahighconcentrationofSO2that isrecovered inascrubberDiluted malodorousgasesfrom varioussourcesarealsocollectedand incineratedandtheresultingSO2controlledTRS emissions ofthe recovery boileraremitigated byefficientcombustioncontroland COmeasurementTRS emissions ofthe limekilnare mitigated bycontrolling theexcess oxygen by using low Sfuel andbycontrolling theresidualsolublesodium inthelimemudfedtothekilnTheSO2emissionsfrom therecoveryboilers arecontrolledby firinghigh dry solidsconcentration blackliquorin therecoveryboilerandorbyusingafluegas scrubberBAT isfurther thecontrol ofNOxemissions from therecoveryboiler ie ensuring propermixinganddivisionofairin theboiler lime kilnandfromauxiliary boilersbycontrolling thefiringconditions andforneworaltered installations alsobyappropriatedesignSO2 emissions fromauxiliary boilers arereduced byusingbark gas lowsulphuroiland coalorcontrollingS emissionswithascrubberFluegasesfrom recoveryboilers auxiliaryboilers inwhichotherbiofuelsandorfossil fuels are incinerated andlime kilnarecleaned withefficientelectrostaticprecipitators tomitigatedustemissions
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SpecificSO emissions asS2KraftPulpMillsinFinland2004kg SOasS Adt2
18 Sulphurdioxide emissions SO2asS161412108BREF range
0604020Mills
Source FinnishForestIndustriesFederation
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SpecificSO2 Emissions KraftPulpMillsinFinland1990 2004kg SO Adt kg SO Adt2 2
26 SO2 kgSO2 Adt2422218161412108BREF range
060402019901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022004Source FinnishForestIndustries
Federation
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SpecificAOXemission organicchlorinecompounds BleachedPulpKraftPulpMillsinFinland1990 2004kgAdt
25 AOXkgAdt215105BREF range
0 19941995200419901991199219931996199719981999200020012002Source FinnishForestIndustries
Federation
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SpecificAOXemission organicchlorinecompounds BleachedPulpKraftPulpMillsinFinland2004kgAdt
035 AOXkgAdt03025BREF range
02015010050Mills
Source FinnishForestIndustriesFederation
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IMPORTANTINDETERMININGBATAvailabilityCostsAlternativetechniquesAgeofthemill cleardifferencebetweenoldandnewComparabilityoftheemissions needforharmonisationofmeasurementandreportingmethodsTechnicalcharacteristics geographicallocationlocalenvironmentofthemill
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TheenvironmentalprotectioncostsforpulpandpaperindustryinFinland1994 2004
OtherEnvironmental protection researchOperating costsforenvironmental protectionInvestments inenvironmental protectionmiljEUR
2001801601401201008060402019941995199619971998199920002001200220032004Source FinnishForestIndustries
Federation
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ProductionofthePulpandPaperIndustryinFinlandandWasteWaterLoad1950 2004
Totalsuspended solidsBOD7PaperandboardChemical pulpEffluent1000taProductionmill ta
80016700146001250010400830062004100200195019551960196519701975198019851990199520002005SOURCE FinnishForestIndustriesFederationandFinnishEnvironment
Institute
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