bfrgkl esa vkbz,yvks - ilo.org · lqj {kk ç.kkfy;ksa ij cgqr cqjk vlj im+u s dh vk'kad k gsa...

2

bfrgkl es a vkbZ,yvks

120 o"kZ iwoZ] teZuh foÜo dk og igyk ns'k cuk Fkk]ftlus o)koLFkk lkekftd chek dk;Zdze eatwj fd;kFkkA bl dk;Zdze ds ;kstukdkj Fks v‚Vks oksu fclekdZAteZu pkalyj fclekdZ us vius ns'k esa bl dk;Zdzedks nks mís';ksa ds dkj.k çLrkfor fd;k FkkA igyk Fkk]Jfedksa dk dY;k.k ftlls teZuh dh vFkZO;oLFkk vPNhrjg lapkfyr gksA vkSj nwljk dkj.k Fkk] vfèkdvfroknh lektoknh fodYiksa dk fuokj.k fd;k tkldsA

blls igys teZuh esa nks lgk;rk dk;Zdze 'kq:fd, x, FksA o"kZ 1884 esa ^chekjh* chek vkSj blds ,dlky ckn Jfed eqvkotk dk;ZdzeA bu nksuksa dk;ZdzeksavkSj o)koLFkk lkekftd chek dk;Zdze ds ckn teZuyksxksa dks lkekftd chek fl)karksa ij vkèkkfjr vk;lqj{kk dh ,d O;kid ç.kkyh miyCèk gks xbZA

viuh :f<+oknh ekU;rkvksa ds ckotwn fclekdZ dksbu dk;Zdzeksa ds pyrs ^lektoknh* dgk tk ldrk gSA,sls gh dk;Zdzeksa dks 70 lky ckn vesfjdh jk"Vªifr:tosYV us ykxw fd;k FkkA o"kZ 1935 esa mUgksauslkekftd lqj{kk dkuwu ij gLrk{kj fd, vkSj mlesa,d ,sls ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn dks 'kkfey fd;k ftlesa^vkfFkZd lqj{kk* vkSj ^lkekftd chek* dks la;qä fd;kx;k FkkA

çFke foÜo ;q) ds ckn vusd {ks=ksa esa lkekftdchek ;kstukvksa dks rsth ls fodflr fd;k x;kA bldsvfrfjä vkbZ,yvks] baVjus'kuy dkaÝsal v‚Q us'kuy;wfu;al v‚Q E;wpqvy csusfQV lkslk;Vht vkSjfldusl ba';ksjsal QaM~l lfgr u, xfBr varjjk"Vªh;laxBuksa dh dk;Zlwph esa lkekftd laj{k.k dks 'kkfeyfd;k x;kA fldusl ba';ksjsal QaM~l dks vDVwcj 1927

esa czlsYl esa 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ;g ckn esabaVjus'kuy lks'ky flD;ksfjVh ,lksfl,'ku¼vkbZ,l,l,½ dgyk;kA

o"kZ 1941 esa] vVykafVd pkVZj ds rgr] jk"Vªifr:tosYV vkSj fczVsu ds çèkkuea=h foaXlVu pfpZy us Jeekudksa esa lqèkkj] vkfFkZd rjDdh vkSj lHkh ds fy,lkekftd lqj{kk dh çfrc)rk n'kkZbZA o"kZ 1942 esa tcf}rh; foÜo;q) vius pje ij Fkk] fczVsu dh ljdkjus csosfjt ;kstuk tkjh dh] ftls mlds jpukdkj y‚MZcsosfjt ds uke ij j[kk x;k FkkA bldh enn ls ns'kdh igyh ,dhdr lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkyh dk xBugqvkA Ýkal esa fivjs ykjksdh ds usrRo okyh ljdkj usns'k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd laj{k.k çnku djusds ç;kl ds rgr o"kZ 1946 esa ,d jk"Vªh; lkekftdlqj{kk ç.kkyh dk xBu fd;kA

o"kZ 1944 esa] ;q) ds nkSjku] vkbZ,yvks ds,sfrgkfld fQykMsfYQ;k ?kks"k.kki= esa lkekftd lqj{kklacaèkh mik;ksa ds foLrkj] lkekftd lqj{kk laLFkkuksa dksvarjjk"Vªh; vFkok jk"Vªh; Lrj ij çksRlkgu] lwpuk dsfu;fer fofue; vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk ds çcaèku lslacafèkr lkekU; leL;kvksa ds vè;;u dk vkºoku fd;kx;kA

,d lky ckn] la;qä jk"Vª egklHkk us ekuokfèkdkjksads lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kki= dks Lohdr fd;k] ftldsvuqPNsn 22 esa dgk x;k fd ^çR;sd O;fä dks] lektdk ,d lnL; gksus ds ukrs] lkekftd lqj{kk dkvfèkdkj gSA* o"kZ 1952 esa] vkbZ,yvks us lkekftd lqj{kk¼U;wure ekud½le>kSrk ¼la[;k 102½ dks Lohdr fd;kvkSj o"kZ 2001 esa laxBu us lHkh ds fy, lkekftdlqj{kk vfHk;ku dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA

fclekdZ ls csosfjt rd % lHkh ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk

lkekftd lqj{kk ds fo'ks"kKksa dh vkbZ,yvks cSBd] e‚f.Vª;y] 9&12 tqykbZ 1943 % fczVsu dh lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstuk ds ys[kd lj fofy;ecsosfjt vkSj vkbZ,yvks ds lapkyu fudk; ds vè;{k Jh dkVZj xqMfjp

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks

Je dh nqfu;k if=dk dk izdk'ku tsusok esavkbZ,yvks ds tu laidZ C;wjks }kjk fd;k tkrkgSA bl if=dk dk izdk'ku pkbuht+] psd]Msfu'k] vaxzst+h] fQ+fu'k] Ýsa+p] teZu] gaxsfj;u]tkikuh] ukosZft;u] :lh] Lyksokd] LiSfu'k vkSjLohfM'k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh gksrk gSA

lEiknd

gSUl okWu jksySaM

ÁksMD’ku eSustj

fdju esgjk & diZyeu

ÁksMD’ku vflLVaV

dksjhu yqphuh] fjrk dslsjks

Q+ksVks laiknd

eklsZy Øksts+V

dyk funsZ’ku

,eMhih] vkbZ,yvks] V~;wfju

doj fMt+kbu

,esrks ekWUrslkuks] vkbZ,yvks V~;wfju

laikndh; cksMZ

Vkel usV~Vj ¼v/;{k½] 'kkjyV cks'kka] fdju

esgjk&diZyeu] dksfju ifFoZl] gSUl okWu

jksySaM

;g if=dk varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu dkvkfèkdkfjd nLrkost+ ugha gSA if=dk esa O;Drfopkj vko';d :i ls vkbZ,yvks ds fopkjksadh vfHkO;fDr ugha gSaA if=dk esa vfHkO;Drfof'k"V mYys[k fdlh Hkh ns'k] {ks= ;k mi{ks=vkSj muds iz'kklu ;k mudh lhekvksa ds ckjsesa vkbZ,yvks ds fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr ugha gSaA

if=dk esa daifu;ksa ;k okf.kfT;d mRiknksa ;kizfØ;kvksa dk mYys[k vkbZ,yvks }kjk mUgsaekU;rk nsuk ugha gS vkSj fdlh fuf'pr daiuh]okf.kfT;d mRikn ;k izfØ;k dk mYys[k jgtkuk muds izfr vkbZ,yvks dh vlgefr ughagSA

if=dk ds vkys[kksa ;k Nk;kfp=ksa ¼Q+ksVks,tsafl;ksa ds Nk;kfp=ksa dks NksM+dj½ dk] lzksrdk mYys[k djds Lora=rk ls iqu%mi;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gSA fyf[kr lwpuk dk LokxrgksxkA

lHkh i= O;ogkj fuEu irs ij fd;s tk,a%&

Neelam AgnihotriCommunications & Information UnitINTERNATIONAL LABOURORGANIZATIONSubregional Office for South AsiaTheatre Court, 3rd FloorInd ia Habitat CentreLodi Road, New Delhi-110003Tel: 011-24602101-02-03email: [email protected]

eqnzd% fock izsl izkŒ fyŒ]ubZ fnYyh&110 020vkbZ,yvks V~;wfju }kjk izdkf'krvkbZ,l,l,u % 1020&0010

Je dh nqfu;k] vad 38] vizSy 2010

3

9

13

17

o`) gksrs lekt %yacs thou dh pqdkuh iM+rh gS dher

lkekftd lqj{kk % ladV ds çfr çfrfdz;k

LokLF; ns[kHkky rd igqap % ,d visf{kr y{;

^osy& cksnh&vkslwlw* ¼^LokLF; lcls cM+h nkSyr gS*½ %lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkky ds fy, fl;jk fyv‚u dh igy

lHkh ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk % cqfu;knh dY;k.k ;kstukvksa dh enn ls xjhch ls la?k"kZ

lHkh ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk % czkthy dh felky

detksj o`) % yacs le; ls ns[kHkky dh t:jr

ladV ds nkSj esa csjkstxkjh chek

vkeq[k dFkk

ladV ls mRiUu gqvk lqvolj % çfrfdz;k vkSj cgkyh dk;Z esalkekftd lqj{kk dh Hkwfedk

1919 esa xfBr] varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ vius 175 lnL; ns’kksa dh ljdkjksa] fu;ksDrkvksa vkSj Jfedksa dks ,d eap ij ykrk gS rkfd fo’o Hkj esathou vkSj dk;Z dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk laj{k.k esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d leku dkjZokbZ dh tk ldsA tsusok esa fLFkr varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;] laxBu dk LFkk;hlfpoky; gSA

lkekU; ys[k

,d lkekftd èkjkry dh jpuk% ladVçfrfØ;k ds rgr lkekftd lqj{kk

lekpkj

• th 20 us dgk& ladV cgkyh ds dsaæ esa gksxk vPNk jkstxkj

• th 20 ns'kksa }kjk fd, x, mik;] ftlls 2009 esa lqjf{kr jgs ,d djksM+ ls T;knk jkstxkj

• lkekftd lqj{kk % nk;jk c<+kus ds fy, vkbZ,yvks us fd;k vkºoku

• varjjk"Vªh; [kjhnkjksa us fd;k gSrh ds xkjesaV m|ksx dk leFkZu

• vkbZ,yvks us fodykaxksa vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ,oa cgkyh ij y{; lkèkk

egk}hiksa ds bnZ fxnZ

u, çdk'ku

orZeku vuqeku dgrs gSa fd foÜo dh vkèkh vkcknh ;kuh50 çfr'kr yksxksa dks fdlh çdkj dk lkekftd laj{k.kçkIr ugha gS] tcfd 80 çfr'kr yksxksa dks tks lqj{kk çkIrgS] og i;kZIr ugha gSA blds vfrfjä gky ds foÙkh; ,oavkfFkZd ladV ds pyrs foÜo Lrj ij orZeku lkekftdlqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ij cgqr cqjk vlj iM+us dh vk'kadk gSAysfdu ;g Hkh lp gS fd bl rjg ds ladV uhfr fopkjesa cnyko djus ds ekSds Hkh çnku djrs gSaA

i"B 4

4

34

fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa oSÜohdj.k vkSj vukSipkfjd jkstxkj vkbZ,yvks] MCY;wVhvks us O;kikj vkSj vukSipkfjd jkstxkj ijfd;k la;qä vè;;u

32

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks

20

22

24

26

2942

45


fu;fer LraHk

Qhpj cqd

4

ladV ls mRiUu gqvk lqvolj %çfrfØ;k vkSj cgkyh dk;Z esa lkekftd lqj{kk dh Hkwfedk

rZeku vkfFkZd ladV ls igys jk"Vªh;lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ij xgujktuSfrd vkSj vkfFkZd ncko FkkA

vkS|ksfxd`r ns'kksa esa] bu ij vkus okyh ykxr dks cgqrvfèkd ekuk tk jgk Fkk tcfd vusd fodkl'khy ns'kksaesa bUgsa ogu djus yk;d ugha le>k tk jgk FkkA vcvkfFkZd o lkekftd ladV us bu voèkkj.kkvksa dkscny fn;k gSA lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks ladVds nkSj esa vfèkd ls vfèkd mi;ksxh vkfFkZd LFkkf;Ro

ds :i esa ns[kk tk jgk gSA vkbZ,yvks ds lkekftdlqj{kk foHkkx ds funs'kd ekbdy flpksu ladV ds nkSjesa lkekftd lqj{kk ij –f"Vikr dj jgs gSa vkSj crkjgs gSa fd bl nkSj esa fdl çdkj ,d u;k fodklçfreku mfnr gks jgk gSA1

vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd ladV oSfÜod vFkZO;oLFkk dsyk[kksa&djksM+ksa yksxksa ds dY;k.k dks [krjs esa Mky jgk gSAblds ifj.kkeLo:i vkus okys o"kksZa esa yksxksa ds jkstxkj ijladV vk,xk vkSj os xjhch ds nyny esa èkalsaxsA

1 fiNys flracj ekg esa ^lkekftd

lqj{kk ds foLrkj dh j.kuhfr;ksa

ij fo'ks"kKksa dh vkbZ,yvks

f=i{kh; cSBd* esa bl fo"k; ij

ppkZ gqbZ Fkh ¼if=dk ds bl vad

ds lekpkj [kaM dks Hkh ns[ksa½A

vkeq[k dFkk

lkekftd lqj{kk

bafXy'k iqvj y‚t ds lkFk] tks fdigyh ljdkjh çk;ksftr lkekftdlgk;rkvksa esa ls ,d Fkh] lkekftdlqj{kk dh 'kq#vkrk gqbZA

Fk‚el isu us ,xzsfj;u tfLVl uke dkçi= fy[kk ¼tks fd 1797 esa vaxzsth esaçdkf'kr fd;k x;k½ ftlesa mUgksaus ;wjksids ns'kksa vkSj uoksfnr vesfjdh x.kjkT;ds fy, ,d lkekftd chek dk;Zdze dksçLrkfor fd;kA

teZuh nqfu;k dk igyk ns'k cuk ftluso`)koLFkk lkekftd chek dk;Zdze Lohd`rfd;kA blds ckn 1883 esa chekjh chekvkSj 1884 esa Jfedksa ds fy, eqvkotkdk;Zdze ds lkFk teZuh esa vk; lqj{kk dhO;kid ç.kkyh LFkkfir gqbZA

isfjl esa vkS|ksfxd nq?kZVukvksa ijvarjjk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dk xBu gqvkA bldkaxzsl us lkekftd chek ij LFkk;hvarjjk"Vªh; lfefr xfBr dh vkSj bldsckn varjjk"Vªh; lkekftd lqj{kk laxBu¼vkbZ,l,l,½ LFkkfir fd;k x;kA

1598 1795 1889 1889

lkekftd lqj{kk & ,d utj

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sV@vkbZ,y

vks


o

5

ladV ls mRiUu gqvk lqvolj %çfrfØ;k vkSj cgkyh dk;Z esa lkekftd lqj{kk dh Hkwfedk

;aw nqfu;k ds vfèkdrj yksxksa ds fy, thou thuk HkhdksbZ de cM+k ladV ugha gSA foÜo dh 40 çfr'kr vkcknhçfr fnu çfr O;fä 2 M‚yj ls de ij thou;kiu djusdks etcwj gSA nqfu;k ds djksM+ksa cPps ikap lky dh meziwjh djus ls igys gh dky dk xzkl cu tkrs gSa] flQZblfy, D;ksafd muds ekrk&firk muds fy, i;kZIrikSf"Vd vkgkj vFkok nok,a ugha [kjhn ikrsA yk[kksa&djksM+ksaetnwj bruk ugha dek ikrs fd vius ifjokj dks lgkjkns ldsa vkSj yk[kksa cw<+s yksx rc rd dke djrs gSa tcrd fd mudh lkal pyrh jgrh gS D;ksafd mUgsa dksbZ isa'ku;k fdlh nwljs çdkj dh lkekftd lgk;rk çkIr ughagksrhA

xjhch ls jkgr dk lcls vPNk vkSj pyrkÅ byktgS] lkekftd lqj{kkA blfy, vkt ds nkSj esa gekjs fy,lcls t:jh gS ,sls mik; tks orZeku ladV ls ijs tkdj&foÜo Lrj ij yksxksa dh LFkk;h lkekftd vko';drkvksadks iwjk djsaA

fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls ;wjksih; la?k ¼bZ;w½ vkSj vksbZlhMhns'kksa esa lkekftd lqj{kk dk;Zdzeksa us vk; vlekurk vkSjxjhch nwj djus esa çHkkoh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA O;kid Lrjij dgk tk, rks lkekftd laj{k.k ij ftruk T;knk [kpZfd;k tkrk gS] xjhch dk Lrj mruk fuEu gksrk gSA

;g Hkh mruk gh egRoiw.kZ gS fd lkekftd lqj{kkç.kkfy;ka u dsoy lkekftd t:jrksa dks iwjk djrh gSa]cfYd ;s vkfFkZd vko';drk gksrh gSaA bu ç.kkfy;ksa dkegRo bl rjg le>k tkus yxk gS fd ;s fodkl ds fy,iwokZisf{kr gSa] lekt ij cks> ugha vkSj bl voèkkj.kk usfoÜo ij vk, vkfFkZd ladV ls igys gh fodkl ls tqM+suhfrxr foe'kZ esa viuh tM+sa tek yhaA gka ladV uslkekftd lqj{kk lacaèkh foe'kZ dks xfr çnku dhA

ladV ds nkSj esa] gLrkarj.k vk;] lkekftd lgk;rkvkSj csjkstxkj Jfedksa vkSj vU; laosnu'khy yksxksa dksfeyus okys lkekftd lqj{kk ykHk] lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZdLFkkf;Ro dk dke djrs gSaA bu ykHkksa ds pyrs gh yksx udsoy xjhch dh xrZ esa fxjus ls cprs gSa cfYd dqy ekaxds ladqfpr gksus dks lhfer djrs gSa ftlls eanh dk vljde ls de gksrk gSA

lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksa dh bl Hkwfedk dks vktvfèkdrj ljdkjksa us lqLi"V rjhds ls Lohdkj dj fy;kgSA vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa us çksRlkgu iSdstsl ykxw fd, gSaftudk mís'; c<+rh csjkstxkjh vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk;kstukvksa ds tfj, vius ukxfjdksa dh lkekftdlaosnu'khyrk dh leL;k ls fuiVuk gSA ;s ns'k ftumik;ksa dks ykxw dj jgs gSa] muesa çeq[k gSa] vfèkd yphyscsjkstxkjh ykHk] laosnu'khy ifjokjksa dks lkekftd ykHkksa dkgLrkarj.k vkSj vU; dk;Zdzeksa esa lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksadks 'kkfey djus ds fy, vfrfjä vuqnkuA

ladV ds nkSjku lqj{kk dh c<+rh t:jrksa dks ns[krs gq,dbZ ljdkjksa us orZeku lkekftd gLrkarj.k ç.kkfy;ksa dkç;ksx fd;k vkSj ;g çnf'kZr fd;k fd ladV çcaèku esaLFkk;h lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ka fdruh egRoiw.kZ gksrhgSaA fiV~lcxZ esa th 20 f'k[kj lEesyu esa vkbZ,yvks us ,dfjiksVZ tkjh dh Fkh ¼bl vad ds lekpkj [kaM ds ys[k dksns[ksa½ ftlesa dgk x;k Fkk fd dqy ekax ds LFkkf;Ro dstfj, ^Lopkfyr LFkkf;Ro* ds ekè;eksa ¼tSls lkekftdlaj{k.k ;kstuk,a½ ds jkstxkj çHkko mrus gh egRoiw.kZ gksrsgSa ftrus cgqpfpZr çksRlkgu iSdstsl ds jkstxkj çHkkoA2

lkekftd lqj{kk dh fn'kk esa pqukSfr;kalkekftd lqj{kk ds foÙk iks"k.k vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk

ç.kkfy;ksa dh c<+rh ekax ij ladV ds çR;{k çHkko dsvfrfjä ¼bl vad esa ns[ksa ^lkekftd lqj{kk % ladV ds >>

1895

fQuySaM esa nq?kZVuk eqvkotkdkuwu eatwj fd;k x;kA

1905

Ýkal eas LoSfPNd vkèkkj ij igyhjk"Vªh; csjkstxkjh ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ tkscsyft;e ds ?ksaV 'kgj esa ykxw O;oLFkkij vkèkkfjr FkhA Ng lky ckn;qukbVsM fdaxMe us csjkstxkjh chek ijigyh jk"Vªh; vfuok;Z ç.kkyh dks ykxwfd;kA

1909

vesfjdk ds eslkP;wlsV~l jkT; esao`)koLFkk ij igys lkoZtfudvk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;kA blds,d lky ckn blh jkT; esa o`)ksa dhvkfFkZd fLFkfr ij igyk çeq[kloZs{k.k fd;k x;kA

1911

bVyh esa osruHkksxh efgykvksa ds ekr`Rods fy, dsaæhd`r jk"Vªh; vfuok;Z chekç.kkyh dks çLrkfor fd;k x;kA


2 ns[ksa] çksVsfDVax ihiqy ,aM çeksfVax

t‚Cl& v loZs v‚Q daVªh

baIy‚;esaV ,aM lks'ky çksVsD'ku

i‚fylh fjLikalst Vw n Xykscy

bdksu‚fed ØkbfllA th 20

f'k[kj lEesyu esa tkjh

vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ] fiV~lcxZ]

24&25 flracj 2009


çfr çfrfdz;k*½ lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka nh?kZdkyhuç.kkyhxr pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj jgh gSaA

vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa esa lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dh

foÙkh; nh?kZdkfydrk dks feyh pqukSrh us tulkaf[;dh;

ifjos'k esa cnyko dj fn;k ¼bl vad esa ns[ksa o`) gksrs

lekt½A fiNys 20 lkyksa esa isa'ku lqèkkjksa dk lcls cM+k

dkj.k o`)koLFkk gSA blds vkèkkj esa ;g Hkze Hkh gS fd

O;fäxr cpr vkèkkfjr foÙk iks"k.k dh txg ,dhd`r

foÙkh; ykHk dks ykxw djus ls] ifjO;; Lor% de gks

tk,xkA foÙkh; ç.kkyh esa cnyko djds] O;; dh leL;k

ls rHkh fuiVk tk ldrk gS] tc blls ykHk ds Lrjksa esa

deh vk,A orZeku thMhih esa fuf"Ø; yksxksa dh vk; dks

vFkZ çcafèkr djus ds fy, dksbZ u dksbZ jkLrk fudkyk

tkuk pkfg, vkSj jkstxkj çkIr yksxksa dks fuf"dz; vkSj

lsokfuo`Ùk yksxksa dh gLrkarj.k vk; dks vFkZ çcafèkr djuk

pkfg,A

;g cgqr LokHkkfod gS fd vkus okys n'kdksa esa vfèkd

cM+h la[;k esa o`)ksa ds fy, isa'ku vkSj LokLF; ns[kHkky ij

vfèkd ls vfèkd O;; fd;k tk,xkA ysfdu fiNys nks

n'kdksa esa ftu ns'kksa us ,dhd`r mik;ksa ij O;; fd;k gS]

mUgsa jk"Vªh; lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj@vFkok

ljdkjh ctV ds foÙkh; larqyu ds fcxM+us dk [krjk u

eglwl gksA

vxj cnrj fLFkfr esa] tulkaf[dh; pqukSrh ls mfpr

rjhds ls fuiVuk laHko u gks] rks mPp fodflr ç.kkfy;ksa

okys ns'kksa dh jk"Vªh; lkekftd gLrkarj.k ç.kkfy;ksa dh

nh?kZdkyhurk ij iM+us okyk çHkko] lkekU; vuqeku ls

de gksA o`) gksrh vkcknh dks fn, tkus okys lkekftd

lqj{kk ls lacafèkr egRoiw.kZ ykHkksa dh la;qä ykxr ij

;wjksih; la?k dh vkfFkZd uhfr lfefr ds gkfy;k miyCèk

vuqekuksa ls ladsr feyrk gS fd fiNys ikap n'kdksa esa

jk"Vªh; lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksa esa gksus okys O;; esa

cgqr de o`f) ntZ dh xbZA ;g thMhih ds ikap çfr'kr

IokbaV ls Hkh de FkhA ;g i;kZIr] ysfdu vfu;af=r gSA

vyx&vyx ns'kksa esa vyx&vyx fLFkfr;ka Hkh gSaA dqN

ns'kksa esa bldk rkYyqd o`)koLFkk ls de gS vkSj dk;Zdzeksa

dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls vfèkd gS] tSls muds vFkZ çcaèku] ;ksX;rk

vkSj ykHk lsA ,sls dqN eqíksa dks yf{kr djus ds fy, ykxr

ls lacafèkr mik;ksa] jktLo esa o`f) vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk

dh fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa ds chp lalkèkuksa ds vkoaVu vkfn dk

ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA o`)koLFkk ,d çcaèkdh; leL;k

gks ldrh gS] ,d nqyZU?; leL;k ughaA

lkekftd lqj{kk dk foLrkj

tcfd ,d Lrj ij] fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds lkeus

tulkaf[;dh; pqukSrh is'k gks ldrh gS] orZeku le; esa

muds lkeus ,d leL;k ;g Hkh gS fd fdl çdkj

lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksa dk foLrkj fd;k tk,A orZeku

vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] foÜo dh 80 çfr'kr vkcknh i;kZIr

lkekftd laj{k.k ls oafpr gSA

igyh çkFkfedrk ;g gS fd mUgsa ewyHkwr lkekftd

lqj{kk çnku dh tk lds ftlls os ,d vPNh ftanxh th

ldsaA vkbZ,yvks ds foÙkh; vè;;u çnf'kZr djrs gSa fd

fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa esa Hkh ewyHkwr ^lkekftd laj{k.k

èkjkry* çnku djus okys dkjdksa dks vFkZ çcafèkr djuk

6

vkbZ,yvks ds varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyuds igys l= esa lkekftd lqj{kk ijigys varjjk"Vªh; Je le>kSrs dksLohd`r fd;k x;kA

fpyh us if'peh xksykèkZ esa igysjk"Vªh; vfuok;Z chek dkuwu dks eatwjhnhA

tkiku esa o"kZ 1922 dk jk"Vªh; LokLF;chek dkuwu ykxw fd;k x;kA

czlsYl esa ijLij ykHk laLFkkvksa vkSjchekjh chek dks"kksa ds jk"Vªh; la?kksa dsvarjjk"Vªh; lEesyu dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ tksckn esa baVjus'kuy lks'ky ba';ksjsaldkaÝsal ¼flekl½ dgyk;kA

1919 1924 1926 1927


>>

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sV@vkbZ,y

vks


vkeq[k dFkk

lkekftd lqj{kk

laHko gSA dqN ekeyksa esa ,d çLrkouk vkSj lhfer nkrk

lg;ksx vko';d gks ldrk gSA vkSj tSlk fd vkbZ,yvks

egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k us dqN lky igys dgk Fkk]

^foÜo ds ikl xjhch [kRe djus ds fy, lalkèkuksa dk

vHkko ugha gS] cfYd lgh çkFkfedrkvksa dk vHkko gSA*

yxHkx 30 fodkl'khy ns'kksa us udn gLrkarj.k

dk;Zdze ds ekè;e ls jk"Vªh; lkekftd laj{k.k èkjkry

çnku djus ds mik; lQyrkiwoZd ykxw dj fn, gSa ¼ns[ksa

ys[k& ^lHkh ds fy, lkekftd laj{k.k*½A ifj.kkeLo:i os

ns'k bl le; ladV ds lkekftd çHkkoksa ls fuiVus dh

csgrj fLFkfr esa gSa] pwafd udn gLrkarj.k ç.kkfy;ksa dks

yphys mik;ksa ds :i esa ç;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

blds ckotwn fd varjjk"Vªh; vuqHko vkSj vkbZ,yvks

ds vuqeku çnf'kZr djrs gSa fd ,d larqfyr lkekftd

laj{k.k èkjkry] vFkok mldk dqN va'k ogu djuk fdlh

Hkh ns'k ds fy, dfBu ugha] bl voèkkj.kk dks okLrfod

jk"Vªh; laokn çfdz;k dh lajpuk esa vUosf"kr djus dh

vko';drk gS ftlesa çkFkfedrk,a r; djuk vkSj dfBu

QSlys djuk 'kkfey gks ldrk gSA oSls vusd fodYi

ekStwn gSaA djksa esa c<+ksrjh] djkèkku dks vfèkd çxfr'khy

vkSj dj ,d=hdj.k dks vfèkd dkjxj cukuk ,oa ekStwnk

ç.kkfy;ksa ds çHkkoksa dks lqfuf'pr djuk] vusd çdkj dh

pqukSfr;ka gSaA

la;qä jk"Vª vkSj vkbZ,yvks dh lkekU; uhfr

çfrfdz;k

la;qä jk"Vª dh dk;Zdzeksa ij mPp Lrjh; lfefr us

lkekftd laj{k.k èkjkry ds fy, ,d lkekU; ^ou ;w,u*

voèkkj.kk fodflr dh gSA foÜo LokLF; laxBu

¼MCY;w,pvks½ vkSj vusd vU; laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls

vkbZ,yvks bl dk;Z dks vatke ns jgk gSA bl dk;Zdze ds

dsaæ esa gS] lkekftd èkjkry voèkkj.kk ij vkèkkfjr

nh?kZdkyhu lkekftd gLrkarj.k ;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj

dk;kZUo;u ds fy, varjjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa vkSj nkrk ns'kksa

dk xBcaèku cukukA

twu 2009 esa vkbZ,yvks ds varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu esa

oSfÜod jkstxkj lafèk }kjk lkekftd èkjkry dh voèkkj.kk

dks vuqeksnu çnku fd;k x;k FkkA bl lafèk esa mu fofHkUu

ns'kksa ls vkxzg fd;k x;k Fkk ftUgksaus ^ewyHkwr lkekftd

laj{k.k èkjkry ij vkèkkfjr i;kZIr lkekftd laj{k.k* dh

;kstuk fodflr ugha dh gSA lafèk esa ^varjjk"Vªh; leqnk;

ls vkºoku fd;k x;k Fkk fd os jk"Vªh; vkèkkj ij ewyHkwr

lkekftd laj{k.k èkjkry ds fofuekZ.k ds fy, ctVh;

lgk;rk lfgr vU; çdkj dk fodkl lg;ksx çnku djsaA*

lkekftd lqj{kk vkSj lHkh rd mlds foLrkj ij pyk,

tkus okys oSfÜod vfHk;ku ds lanHkZ esa] vkbZ,yvks us

lkekftd laj{k.k èkjkry ds lkekftd gLrkarj.k dk;Zdze

dks çksRlkgu çnku djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA bl vfHk;ku

dh voèkkj.kkxr j.kuhfr ds nks vk;ke gSaA igys vk;ke

ds rgr ewyHkwr vk; lqj{kk ds foLrkj vkSj LokLF;

ns[kHkky dk;Zdze rd igqap dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk

gS] Hkys gh lkekU; Lrj rd gh] fdarq ;s ykHk lHkh yksxksa

rd igqapsaA nwljs vk;ke ds rgr mPp Lrj dh vk; lqj{kk

dk ç;Ru fd;k tk, vkSj mPp xq.koÙkk dh LokLF;

ns[kHkky rd igqap laHko gks] ftlls yksxksa ds thou Lrj

dks reke fo"ke fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh cjdjkj j[kk tk lds] tSls

csjkstxkjh] chekjh] v'kärk] ifjokj ds dekÅ lnL; dh

e`R;q vkSj o`)koLFkkA

cgjgky] fdlh fdLe dh xkjaVh ij ppkZ ls ogu djus

dh {kerk ds ç'u dks njfdukj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

7

1935

vesfjdh jk"Vªifr :tosYV uslkekftd lqj{kk vfèkfu;e esa vkfFkZdlqj{kk ds lkFk lkekftd chek dks'kkfey djrs gq, ml ij gLrk{kjdjds] mls dkuwuh tkek iguk;kA

1938

U;wthySaM us vius lHkh ukxfjdksa dhlqj{kk ds eísutj lkoZHkkSfed vk;dj }kjk vFkZ iksf"kr udn ykHk lstqM+k ,d dkuwu ikfjr fd;kA

1942

;qukbVsM fdaxMe ljdkj us csosfjt;kstuk tkjh dh ftls mldsjpukdkj y‚MZ csosfjt dk uke fn;kx;k FkkA blds ckn ns'k esa igyh,dhd`r lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkyhxfBr dh xbZA

1943

m#Xos esa o`)koLFkk] csjkstxkjh] fodykaxrkvkSj Jfed dh e`R;q ij feyus okys chekds nk;js esa d`f"k {ks= ds lHkh Jfedksa]fu;ksäkvksa dks Hkh] 'kkfey fd;k x;kAblh lky] bDosMksj esa ,d u;k dkuwuykxw fd;k x;k ftlds rgr lkoZtfudvkSj futh {ks= ds deZpkfj;ksa ds fy,lkekftd chek ckè;dkjh FkkA


>>© ,e ØkstsV@vkbZ,yvks


8

fQykMsfYQ;k ?kks"k.kki= us lkekftdlqj{kk ds {ks= esa vkbZ,yvks dhdk;Zlwph dks O;kid cuk fn;k ftlls,slh lqj{kk vkSj O;kid fpfdRlklqfoèkk dh t:jr okys yksxksa dkscqfu;knh vk; çnku dh tk ldsA

vkLVªsfy;k esa csjkstxkjh vkSj chekjhykHk dkuwu ykxw fd;k x;kA

Ýkal ljdkj us lHkh ukxfjdksa rdlkekftd lqj{kk igqapkus ds fy, ç;klfd, vkSj jk"Vªh; lkekftd lqj{kkç.kkyh dk xBu fd;kA

flekl dk :ikarj.k baVjus'kuy lks'kyflD;ksfjVh ,lksfl,'ku ¼vkbZ,l,l,½ esagqvkA

1944 1945 1946 1947


,d jk"Vªh; lkekftd lqj{kk j.kuhfr vkSj çkFkfedrkvksa

dks fpfUgr djus ds i'pkr gh fofHkUu lqj{kk dk;Zdzeksa

vkSj uhfrxr mik;ksa ds dk;kZUo;u dks Øec) djus esa

enn fey ldrh gSA tSls&tSls fofHkUu ns'k vkfFkZd

fodkl ds mPp Lrj çkIr djrs tkrs gSa] mlds lekukarj

mudh lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka Hkh fodflr gks ldrh

gSaA muds ykHkksa vkSj çnÙk lsokvksa dk fo"k;] Lrj vkSj

xq.koÙkk foLr`r gks ldrh gSaA ;s dk;Z vkbZ,yvks le>kSrksa

dh lajpuk] fo'ks"k :i ls laxBu ds le>kSrk la[;k 102

ds O;kid laiqf"Vdj.k] ds rgr gks ldrk gSA

vr% ftu eqíksa ij nkao yxk gS] mUgsa fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa

ls nksckjk çkjaHk fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lHkh ds fy, cqfu;knh Lrj dh lkekftd laj{k.k

;kstuk dks & lokZfèkd laosnu'khy yksxksa ds fy,& dSls

ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gS\ ctV vFkok u, çdkj ds

jktLo ds orZeku ifjO;;] iqukZoaVu esa vfèkd dq'kyrk ds

ekè;e ls lkekftd gLrkarj.k ds fy, foÙkh; fLFkfr dks

fdl çdkj lqjf{kr j[kk tk ldrk gS vFkok c<+k;k tk

ldrk gS\ ladV ds dkj.k ctV ij iM+us okys nckoksa

vkSj jktLo ds ?kkVs ds lanHkZ esa fdl çdkj ifjiDo

lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksa dks foÙkh; LFkkf;Ro çnku

fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ykHk ds i;kZIr Lrjksa dks lqjf{kr

j[kk tk ldrk gS\

bu ç'uksa ds mÙkj u, çfrekuksa esa ugha] vPNs ç'kklu

esa lfUufgr gSaA bfrgkl xokg gS fd lkekftd lqj{kk

;kstukvksa dh nh?kZdkfydrk ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd

mUgsa ,d vPNk foÙkh; vkèkkj çnku fd;k tk,A lHkh

lektksa esa lkekftd gLrkarj.k ds fy, ,d vPNs foÙkh;

vkèkkj ij ckrphr dh tk ldrh gSA

bl ladV us lHkh dks ;g ;kn fnyk;k gS fd oSfÜod

vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, ,slh fuHkÊd oSfÜod lkekftd

voèkkj.kkvksa vkSj lqj{kkRed mik;ksa dh vis{kk gS tks ;s

lqfuf'pr djsa fd lHkh yksxksa dks oSfÜod fodkl dh

çfØ;k esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mUgsa bldk ykHk

feyuk pkfg,A foÜo Lrj ij vlekurk vkSj vlqj{kk esa

c<+ksrjh rFkk ukxfjd vlarks"k dk c<+rk ladV viuh

dgkuh] vki dgrs gSaA blhfy, lkekftd lqj{kk dks lHkh

rd igqapkuk vko';d gSA

vkt ç'u ;g gS fd D;k ge fodklxr uhfr;ksa ds

bfrgkl esa ,sls fu.kkZ;d la;kstu ij gSa tks gesa vkfFkZd

,oa lkekftd uhfr;ksa ds u, çfrekuksa dks çksRlkfgr djus

dh vuqefr nsrk gS vFkok ge cgkyh dks vfèkd etcwr

gksrs ns[kdj] fQj mlh lkekU; dkjksckj esa yx tk,axsA

>>

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dzkst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks


vkeq[k dFkk

lkekftd lqj{kk

9

1948

lkoZHkkSfed ekuokfèkdkj ?kks"k.kki=esa lkekftd lqj{kk ds vfèkdkj dks'kkfey fd;k x;kA

1949

csyft;e] Ýkal] xzsV fczVsu] yDlecxZvkSj uhnjySaM~l ds fons'k eaf=;ksa uslkekftd lqj{kk vkSj lkekftdlgk;rk ij cgqi{kh; le>kSrksa ijgLrk{kj fd,A

1952

varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu us lkekftd lqj{kk ijvkbZ,yvks ds çeq[k le>kSrs dks Lohd`r fd;k ¼lkekftdlqj{kk ¼U;wure ekud½ le>kSrk] la[;k 102½ ftlesalkekftd lqj{kk dh ukS 'kk[kkvksa ds fy, U;wure ekudksadks fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS % fpfdRlk ns[kHkky] chekjh dsnkSjku ykHk] csjkstxkjh ykHk] o`)koLFkk ykHk] jkstxkj dsnkSjku pksV yxus ij feyus okyk ykHk] ifjokj lslacafèkr ykHk] ekr`Ro ykHk] v'kärk ykHk vkSjmÙkjthfork ykHkA

1964

lkekftd lqj{kk dh ;wjksih; lafgrkvkSj mlls lacafèkr çksVksd‚y] lkekftdlqj{kk ds {ks= esa ;wjksih; ifj"kn dkcqfu;knh ekud fuèkkZjd mik;] dksLohd`r fd;k x;kA bl lafgrk dks1990 esa la'kksfèkr fd;k x;kA


o) gksrs lekt % yacs thou dhpqdkuh iM+rh gS dher

) gksrh vkcknh] ftls dqy vkcknh esa o`)

yksxksa ds c<+rs vuqikr dh çfdz;k dgk tk

ldrk gS] bl 'krkCnh dh eq[; leL;kvksa

esa ls ,d gSA ;g fodkl'khy vkSj

fodflr] nksuksa çdkj ds ns'kksa ij ;k rks vlj Mky

jgh gS ;k vlj Mky ldrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd

nqfu;k Hkj esa dgha Hkh dksbZ Hkh cSBd gksrh gS] th&8

lEesyuksa ls ysdj u‚FkZ vVykafVd VªhVh

v‚xZsukbts'ku ¼ukVks½ f'k[kj okrkZ rd] lHkh dh

dk;Zlwfp;ksa esa bl eqís ij ppkZ t:j gksrh gSA

baVjus'kuy lks'ky flD;ksfjVh ,lksfl,'ku

¼vkbZ,l,l,½1 dh gky dh cSBd esa tkjh fjiksVZ esa

Hkh dgk x;k gS fd bl lacaèk esa lHkh çdkj ds t:jh

dne ugha mBk, x, gSaA2

vkbZ,l,l, dh fjiksVZ 2 ds vuqlkj] fodflr ns'kksa dh

vkcknh rsth ls cw<+h gksrh tk jgh gS vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa

esa dqN gh n'kdksa esa ,slk gksus okyk gSA vxys 40 lkyksa

esa de fodflr ns'kksa esa 65 lky vkSj mlls T;knk mez

okys yksxksa dk vuqikr frxquk gks tk,xkA vuqeku gS fd

bu ns'kksa dh dqy vkcknh esa cw<+s yksx 5-8 çfr'kr ls

c<+dj 15 çfr'kr ds djhc gks tk,axsA nwljh rjQ vfèkd

fodflr ns'kksa esa cw<+s yksx 16 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 26

çfr'kr rd gks tk,axs ¼;g o`f) 60 çfr'kr ls vfèkd gS½A

nwljs 'kCnksa esa] fodflr ns'kksa esa gj rhu esa ls ,d O;fä

isa'ku;k¶rk gksxkA

tkiku esa o`)ksa dh vkcknh lcls T;knk gSA ;gka 22

çfr'kr ls T;knk yksx 65 lky ls T;knk mez okys gSaA

bVyh vkSj teZuh esa ;g vkadM+k 20 çfr'kr ds djhc gS

vkSj nf{k.kh vesfjdk ds ns'k m#Xos esa 64 lky ls vfèkd

mez ds 14 çfr'kr yksx gSaA o"kZ 2050 esa bl ço`fÙk ds

c<+us dh vk'kadk gSA tSls tkiku esa 64 lky ls vfèkd

mez ds gj rhu yksxksa ij dsoy ,d cPpk ¼15 lky ls

de mez dk½ gksxkA

bl vkadM+ksa ls Li"V gS fd o`)koLFkk dh çfdz;k esa

1 ,afMªvkuk LdkjfMuks] baçwoesaV~l bu ykbQ ,DlisaVsalh ,aM lLVsusfcfyVh v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh LdhEl] baVjus'kuy dkaÝsalv‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh ,DP;wjht ,aM LVsfVLVhf'k;al] vksVkok] dukMk] 16&18 flracj 2009

2 bl vè;;u esa vtZsaVhuk] fpyh] teZuh] tkiku] vesfjdk vkSj m#Xos dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA

>>

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sV@vkbZ,y

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lkekU; ys[k

lkekftd lqj{kk

o`

fujarj o`f) gks jgh gSA foÜo Lrj ij cgqr tYnh o`)ksa

dh la[;k nksxquh gksus okyh gSA

vkbZ,l,l, fjiksVZ dh jpukdkj vkSj m#Xos ds lks'ky

ba';ksjsal cSad ds v‚fQl v‚Q ,DP;wfj;y ,aM bdksu‚fed

,oksY;w'ku dh çeq[k ,afMªvkuk LdkjfMuks ds vuqlkj] ^o`)

gksrh vkcknh dks ;wa rks ekuo bfrgkl dh lQyrk ds :i

esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg, ysfdu ;g ikfjokfjd] lkeqnkf;d

vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij leL;k Hkh [kM+h djrh gSA pwafd ge

mUgsa reke rjg dh lqfoèkk,a çnku djus esa l{ke ughaA

o`)ksa dh la[;k c<+us dk vFkZ gS] O;fäxr vko';drkvksa

esa cnykoA tSls LokLF; fcxM+us dk eryc gS] bu yksxksa

ds fy, LokLF; ns[kHkky dh ekax dk c<+ukA*

blls vfèkd egRoiw.kZ ;g gS fd efgyk,a iq#"kksa ds

eqdkcys vfèkd thrh gSa] blfy, ;g Hkh lkekU; ckr gS

fd bu lewgksa esa efgykvksa dk vuqikr iq#"kksa dh vis{kk

vfèkd gksrk gSA foÜo Lrj ij] 60 lky vkSj mlls vfèkd

vk;q okys yksxksa esa 55 çfr'kr ls vfèkd efgyk,a 'kkfey

gSaA blds vfrfjä vfèkd o`) ¼80 o"kZ vkSj mlls

vfèkd½yksxksa esa efgyk,a iq#"kksa ds eqdkcys nksxquh la[;k esa

gSaA

buesa ls vfèkdrj efgyk,a foèkok gSa] de f'kf{kr gSa vkSj

iq#"kksa ds eqdkcys mudk dk;Z vuqHko Hkh de gh gSA

blfy, lkekftd lqj{kk rd mudh igqap Hkh de gSA

LokLF;] vkokl] lkekftd lsokvksa vkSj isa'ku ç.kkfy;ksa ls

lacafèkr lkoZtfud uhfr;ksa ij fu.kZ; ysus ls igys bu

okLrfodrkvksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn, tkus dh vko';drk

gSA

yach vofèk rd thus okys lekt dh thou{kerk Je

cktkj dh vuqdwyu'khyrk vkSj lkekftd laj{k.k

ç.kkfy;ksa dh nh?kZdkyhurk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA

Je'kfä dk o`) gksuk

o`)koLFkk dk Je cktkj ij çR;{k çHkko gksrk gS] pwafd

thou laHkkO;rk esa gksus okys lqèkkj ls yacs le; rd dke

djus ds O;fäxr QSlys ij Hkh vlj iM+rk gSA

lqJh LdkjfMuks ds vuqlkj] ^bl lanHkZ esa gesa ;g ;kn

j[kuk pkfg, fd jkstxkj esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dk isa'ku

;kstukvksa] lkoZtfud vkSj futh] dh nh?kZdkyhurk ij

çR;{k çHkko iM+rk gSA Je cktkj dk isa'ku ;kstukvksa ij

vlj gksrk gS] tcfd os blds foijhr o`) yksxksa }kjk

lsokfuo`Ùk gksus ;k dke ij cus jgus ds QSlys dks Hkh

çHkkfor djrk gSA*

tks yksx vkfFkZd :i ls mRiknd jgus dh fLFkfr esa

gksrs gSa ¼14 ls 64 o"kZ ds chp½ vkSj tks mu ij fuHkZj jgrs

gSa ¼65 o"kZ vkSj mlls vfèkd½] ds chp la[;kRed lacaèk

lekt esa vk;q lajpuk ds çHkko dks Li"V n'kkZrk gSA pwafd

tSls&tSls le; chrrk tk,xk] mRiknd vk;q oxZ esa de

ls de yksx o`) yksxksa dks lg;ksx vkSj lqj{kk çnku djus

yk;d cpsaxsA

o`) vkcknh dh leL;k vkSj vkfFkZd o`f) ,oa Je

cktkj esa Hkkxhnkfjrk nj lkFk&lkFk pyrs gSa vkSj gesa de

mez esa lsokfuo`fÙk ds çfr vius utfj, esa cnyko dh

vko';drk ij lkspus dks etcwj djrs gSaA

lqJh LdkjfMuks dgrh gSa] ^lkekU; rkSj ij ;g dguk

mfpr gS fd ofj"B ukxfjdksa }kjk Je cktkj esa cjdjkj

jgus vkSj viuh lsokfuo`fÙk Vkyus ds QSlys ls vfrfjä

vk; mRlftZr gksrh gS] tks isa'ku dks vFkZ çcafèkr esa

;ksxnku nsrh gSA oSls ;qok bl ckr dks cgqr xaHkhjrk ls

ugha ysrs fd os viuh igys dh ih<+h ls T;knk yacs le;

rd dke dj ldsaxsA fQj Hkh fu;ksäkvksa dks ;g le>kuk

cgqr eqf'dy gS fd mUgsa cqtqxZ deZpkfj;ksa dks dke ij

j[kuk pkfg, vkSj ,slk djuk gh mfpr gSA*

10

vuqPNsn 9 esa vkfFkZd] lkekftd ,oalkaLd`frd vfèkdkjksa dh varjjk"Vªh;lHkk us lHkh ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kkds vfèkdkj dks ekU;rk nh ftlesalkekftd chek Hkh 'kkfey FkkA

mxkaMk esa lkekftd lqj{kk dkuwuykxw fd;k x;kA

;wjksi esa jkstxkj çkIr yksxksa]Lojkstxkj çkIr yksxksa vkSj mudsifjokj gsrq lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksadks ykxw djus okys ;wjksih; ifj"knfofu;e 1408@71 dks ykxw fd;kx;kA bls o"kZ 2004 esa fofu;e883@2004 esa cny fn;k x;kA

vkbZ,yvks us lHkh ds fy, lkekftdlqj{kk ij foÜoO;kih vfHk;ku 'kq:fd;kA

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2002

;wjksih; la?k ds fy, veLVZMZe lafèk ¼vuqPNsn 136vkSj 137½ esa lkekftd lqj{kk ds vfèkdkj dks nksgjk;kx;kA blh lky eSfDldks ljdkj us lkeftd lgk;rkdk;Zdze v‚ijpqfuMsM~l dh 'kq#vkr dh ftlds rgrLdwyksa esa fu;fer mifLFkfr] LokLF; dsaæ tkus vkSjiks"kkgkj lgk;rk ds cnys ifjokjksa dks udn Hkqxrkufd;k tkus yxkA o"kZ 2006 esa] eSfDldks ds ,d pkSFkkbZukxfjdksa us bl dk;Zdze ls ykHk mBk;kA

2003

czkthy us foÜo ds lcls cM+s udngLrkarj.k dk;Zdze cksylk QSfefy;kdh 'kq#vkr dh ftlls Ms<+ yk[k lsT;knk xjhc ifjokj ykHkkafor gq,A

2003

phu ljdkj us u, xzkeh.k lgdkjhfpfdRlk chek ¼,uvkjlh,evkbZ½ dh'kq#vkr dh ftldk egRokdka{khmís'; o"kZ 2010 rd lHkh xzkeh.kksadks vius nk;js esa ysuk gSA

2006

vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frdvfèkdkjksa dh lfefr ¼lhbZ,llhvkj½ dsvuqlkj] foÜo ds vkèks ls vfèkd yksxksadks fdlh çdkj dk lkekftd laj{k.kçkIr ugha gS vkSj gj ikap esa ls dsoy,d O;fä dks i;kZIr lkekftd lqj{kk dkykHk çkIr gSA


D;k LokLF; ns[kHkky ij cgqr vfèkd [kpZ gksxk\

ljdkjh ctV dk cgqr cM+k fgLlk LokLF; ij [kpZ

gksrk gSA vksbZlhMh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj3 LokLF; ns[kHkky ij

gksus okys [kpZ dk yxHkx 40 ls 50 çfr'kr fgLlk 65 o"kZ

ls vfèkd vk;q oxZ okys yksxksa ds fgLls vkrk gS vkSj mudh

çfr O;fä LokLF; ns[kHkky ykxr 65 o"kZ ls de vk;q

okys yksxksa ls rhu ls ikap xquk vfèkd gksrh gSA bl ckr

dh vk'kadk gS fd vxj vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa o`)ksa dh la[;k

;wa gh c<+rh jgh rks LokLF; ns[kHkky ij lkoZtfud

ifjO;; c<+rk gh tk,xkA

tula[;k esa o`)ksa dh la[;k ds yxkrkj c<+us dh bl

ço`fÙk dks ^LokLF; ladze.k* ls tksM+dj ns[kk tkuk pkfg,

tks iwjs foÜo esa Li"V utj vk jgk gSA ;g ckr vyx gS

fd bldh xfr vkSj rjhds fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA

LokLF; laØe.k ftls ^jksx foKkuh laØe.k* Hkh dgk

tk ldrk gS] dks varlZacafèkr ifjorZu dh J`a[kyk ds :i

esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftlesa mPp ls fuEu çtuu nj

dk cnyko] tUe ds le; vkSj mlds ckn thou laHkkO;rk

esa rst o`f) vkSj laØked chekfj;ksa dk vlapkjh chekfj;ksa

esa cnyuk 'kkfey gSA

m#Xos esa] ^LoLFk thou laHkkO;rk* ds fy, vkSlr vad

66 o"kZ gSA bVyh vkSj tkiku esa ;g 72-5 vkSj 75 o"kZ gS]

;kuh 70 o"kZ ls vfèkdA LokLF; lsokvksa vkSj ns[kHkky rd

O;fäxr igqap] ftlesa jksxksa dh jksdFkke 'kkfey gS] dk

vFkZ gS] jksxksa dh jksdFkke ij dsafær LokLF;

ns[kHkky vkSj chekfj;ksa ,oa fodykaxrk dks

vkus ls jksduk] lkFk gh thou dh xq.koÙkk

esa lqèkkj ykukA

fpfdRldh; lg;ksx vkSj i;kZIr

lkekftd lsokvksa rd igqap lkekftd lqj{kk

dk vfuok;Z fgLlk vkSj LoLFk o`)koLFkk dh

iwokZis{kk gSA ,sls rjhdksa ij fopkj djds] tks

o`)koLFkk ls tqM+h chekfj;ksa dh jksdFkke

djus ;k muds mipkj ds fy, fofHkUu

O;oLFkkvksa esa lqèkkj djsa] o`)ksa dk dY;k.k

laHko gksxk vkSj bl çdkj lalkèkuksa dk

foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx gksxkA

isa'ku ;kstukvksa ij lqèkkjksa dk ncko

o`)ksa dh la[;k c<+us ls isa'ku ;kstukvksa dks nks çdkj

ls ykHk gksxk % ykHkkFkÊ cgqr vfèkd gksaxs vkSj os ekStwnk

vofèk ls vfèkd yach vofèk ds fy, ykHkksa ij nkok djsaxsA

tulkaf[;dh; ifjorZuksa ds ckotwn vusd ns'kksa esa

lsokfuo`fÙk dh dkuwuh vk;q vc Hkh ogh gSA blds vfrfjä

cgqr ls yksx lsokfuo`fÙk dh vk;q rd igqapus ls igys gh

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lsokfuo`Ùk gks tkrs gSa] og Hkh blfy, D;ksafd os iwoZ

lsokfuo`fÙk ds ykHk çkIr djuk pkgrs gSaA blls fLFkfr

cnrj gks tkrh gSA

lcls cM+h pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d ;g gS fd o`)ksa ds fy,

i;kZIr vk; dh xkjaVh ysrs le; ;qokvksa ij ,sls ncko u

cuk;k tk,a tks os ogu gh u dj ldsaA dqN ns'kksa esa] tSls

tkiku vkSj bVyh] tgka gj 1-5 lfdz; O;fä ij ,d

fuf"dz; O;fä gS] fLFkfr fu;a=.k esa j[kuk cgqr eqf'dy

gSA ,sls ns'kksa esa O;oLFkk esa bl çdkj lqèkkj fd;k tkuk

pkfg, fd Jfed] Je cktkj esa yacs le; rd cus jgsaA

vc rd] tula[;k ij dHkh è;ku ugha fn;k tkrk FkkA

'kk;n blfy, D;ksafd vfèkdrj

lkekftd lqj{kk laLFkkuksa ds nk;js esa lHkh

yksxksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA

bl rjQ rc è;ku fn;k tkus yxk] tc

blds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k c<+us yxhA

o`)ksa dh la[;k dk c<+uk] vc

lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksa ds fy, fpark

dk fo"k; cuus yxk gS] fo'ks"k :i ls

ftUgsa is ,t ;w xks ¼ih,okbZth½ ç.kkfy;ksa

ds rgr vFkZ iksf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA ;s

ç.kkfy;ka rc lcls vPNh rjg ls dke

djrh gSa] tc buds ;ksxnkudrkZvksa vkSj

ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k fLFkj jgrh gSA

ekStwnk le; dh lcls cM+h leL;k ;g

gS fd lfdz; Jfedksa ds eqdkcys mu

yksxksa dh la[;k vfèkd rsth ls c<+ jgh

gS tks lsokfuo`fÙk dh vk;q rd igqap jgs

gSaA

lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka ,d

lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vko';drk gS]

ysfdu ,slh O;kid Lrjh; foÙkh; ç.kkfy;ksa esa lqèkkj ls

jktuSfrd ,oa vkfFkZd fodYi dh leL;k,a mRiUu gksrh

gSa ftUgsa lqy>kuk vklku ughaA

lqJh LdkjfMuks ds vuqlkj] ^;g pqukSrh foÙkh; lajpuk]

lkoZtfud futh f}Hkkxhdj.k lfgr] esa cnyko dh

lhekvksa ls vkxs dh gS vkSj bls ç;kstuksa ,oa mik;ksa dh

Li"V iquiZfjHkk"kk ij dsafær gksuk pkfg,A bl lanHkZ esa]

blesa fofHkUu çdkj ds laLFkkuksa dks 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,

tks vfèkd dkjxj rjhds ls lkekftd lqj{kk ds y{;ksa dks

gkfly djus ds fy, ,d nwljs ds iwjd gksaA*

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la;qä jk"Vª] foÜo dh o`) gksrh tula[;k1950&2050] tula[;k ç[kaM½

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lkekftd lqj{kk % ladV ds çfr çfrfØ;k

"kZ 2007 esa çkjaHk gq, foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZdladV us foÙk dh nqfu;k dks nks lky rdfgyk dj j[k fn;kA vusd foÙkh; laLFkku

ladV esa vk x, vkSj ljdkjsa Hkaoj esa iM+ xbZaA tSlkfd mEehn yxkbZ tkrh gS] lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;kaHkh çHkkfor gqbZa vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk dks"kksa ijladV eaMjkus yxkA o"kZ 2008 esa ,lsV iksVZQksfy;ksdh dhersa fxjus dh otg ls vusd ;kstukvksa esaladqpu vk;k vkSj yach vofèk esa feyus okys mudsykHkksa ij vlj gqvkA ysfdu ladV dk vlj degksus ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa uscsgrj rjhds ls çfrfdz;k nsuh 'kq: dhA vc mudsfy, ;g pqukSrh cuh gqbZ gS fd c<+rh csjkstxkjh vkSjvkxkeh _.kksa ds ncko ls dSls fuiVk tk,A

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ladV us lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ds dsaæhHkwr gksus vkSjmudh etcwrh dks js[kkafdr fd;k] lkFk gh lkFk mudhdetksfj;ksa dks HkhA c<+rh csjkstxkjh us va'kèkkjh jktLo dksçHkkfor fd;k vkSj ykHk dh c<+rh ekax ds dkj.k ifjO;; esaof) gqbZA fQj Hkh] vusd ljdkjksa us lkekftd lqj{kkç.kkfy;ksa dks lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ds vlj dks dedjus ds mik; ds :i esa viuk;k vkSj mUgsa bl izdkj rS;kjfd;k fd os Lo;a ladV dk eqdkcyk dj ldsaA

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lkekftd lqj{kk ds vFkZ iks"k.k ij ladV dk çHkko

nh?kZ dky esa] ladV ds ifj.kkeLo:i vusd jk"Vªh;

lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj dk;Z{ks= dk

iquvkZdyu fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu vYikofèk esa] bu

lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ds fy, ,d pqukSrh ;g gS fd os fdl

çdkj viuk vkfFkZd larqyu cuk, j[ksaA lkekftd lqj{kk

dks"kksa ij eanh ds vlj ij vkbZ,l,l, }kjk fd, x, ,d

loZs{k.k 2 ls tkudkjh feyh fd vusd ns'kksa ds dks"kksa] fo'ks"k

:i ls vkS|ksfxd`r ns'kksa ds] us fuos'k dk udkjkRed

çn'kZu fd;k gSA

vusd ns'kksa dh isa'ku ç.kkfy;ksa dks ,lsV iksVZQksfy;ks

ij Hkkjh ?kkVk gqvk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, o"kZ 2008 esa

vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa }kjk udkjkRed çfrykHk &29-5 çfr'kr

ls &3-2 çfr'kr ds djhc FkkA ysfdu lHkh dks"kksa dks ,d

leku ?kkVk ugha gqvk FkkA dqN ns'kksa esa ¼ns[ksa rkfydk 1½

foÙkh; fuos'k j.kuhfr;ka de tksf[keiw.kZ vkSj vfLFkj

lkfcr gqbZaA ;g [kkldj ?kjsyw] vpy vk; çfrHkwfr;ksa ls

lacafèkr j.kuhfr;ksa ds lkFk gqvk Fkk] gkykafd ;s fuEu

vkSlr okys çfrykHk mRiUu dj jgh FkhaA vusd

fodkl'khy ns'kksa us bl o"kZ vPNk çn'kZu fd;k Fkk] tSls

eSfDldks dks 7-46 çfr'kr vkSj FkkbZySaM dks 9-4 çfr'kr

dk çfrykHk gqvk FkkA isa'ku dks"kksa ds gky ds vkadM+s crkrs

gSa fd dqN vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa ds dks"kksa us o"kZ 2009 dh

nwljh frekgh esa ldkjkRed çfrykHkksa ds lkFk cgkyh ds

ladsr nsus 'kq: dj fn, gSaA

eè;e vofèk esa lkekftd lqj{kk dks"kksa dks vfrfjä

foÙkh; pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA c<+rh

csjkstxkjh nj] va'knku dk de gksuk vkSj ykHk gsrq u,

nkoksa ds pyrs lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ij mYys[kuh;

ncko iM+rk gS] fo'ks"k :i ls tc csjkstxkjh yxkrkj c<+

jgh gksrh gSA 3 mnkgj.k ds fy, c<+rs udn ykHk ;k u,

çLrkfor ykHk ;k dkjksckj ds fy, va'knku njksa dks fLFkj

;k de djuk] tks miHkksäk ifjO;; dks çksRlkfgr djus

vkSj vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dh enn ds mi;ksxh lkèku gSa]

lkekftd lqj{kk dk;Zdzeksa esa foÙkh; vlarqyu ds dkj.k

cu ldrs gSaA O;kid çksRlkgu dk;Zdzeksa ds vax ds :i

esa] ;s mik; lkekftd lqj{kk ds fy, vèkZ LFkk;h foÙkh;

ncko cuk ldrs gSaA lkekftd lqj{kk dks ,d tksf[ke]

c<+rk ?kkVk gS ftlls vkus okys o"kksZa esa i;kZIr ykHk dk

Hkqxrku djus dh {kerk lhfer gksrh gSA

blds vfrfjä eè;e vofèk dk ,d vfrfjä tksf[ke gS]

Je cktkj dh eanh dh mPp laHkkforkA ;g ,d okLrfod

laHkkouk gS vkSj varjjk"Vªh; Je vè;;u laLFkku ds vuqlkj]

igys ds vuqHkoksa ds eísutj ;g ladsr feyrk gS fd vkfFkZd

cgkyh ds pkj ls ikap o"kZ ckn gh Je cktkj cgky gks ikrk

gSA4 ;g iwjk ifj–'; fujarj Je cktkj dh leL;kvksa ls

tw>rk jgrk gS vkSj bl ckr dk vglkl djkrk gS fd Je

cktkj ds foQy gksus ij lkekftd lqj{kk fdl çdkj

çklafxd lkfcr gksrh gSA vxj bls o) yksxksa ds yxkrkj

c<+us ds ncko ds lkFk tksM+dj ns[kk tk, rks os lHkh dkjd

leL;k [kM+h dj ldrs gSa ftu ij lkekftd lqj{kk ds ekè;e

ls dkcw ik;k x;k FkkA

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cgjgky] vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa esa 'ks;jksa dh dherksa esa

ladqpu& o"kZ 2008 esa 23 çfr'kr dh vkSlr fxjkoV& vkSj

C;kt njksa esa ,dk,d fxjkoV us orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; ds

mu lsokfuo`Ùk o`)ksa dh foÙkh; vlqj{kk c<+k nh tks viuh

lsokfuo`fÙk dh vk; ds fy, vfèkdrj futh isa'ku

;kstukvksa ij fuHkZj FksA urhtru] dqN lkoZtfud isa'ku

;kstukvksa dks jktuSfrd ncko ds pyrs mPp ykHk çnku

djus dks dgk x;k] gkykafd os Hkh ladV vkSj o`) gksrh

vkcknh ds pyrs tcjnLr vkfFkZd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk

dj jgs FksA

MsuekdZ ds isa'ku laLFkku ,Vhih ¼Arbejdsmarkedets

Tilladgspension½ us QaM iksVZQksfy;ks ds vPNs çcaèku ds

ekè;e ls vius foÙkh; ?kkVs dks de djus dk ç;kl

fd;kA eanh dh 'kq#vkr esa gh] daiuh us bldh

vko';drk eglwl dj yh FkhA daiuh us foÙkh; mik;ksa

dks viukdj] fons'kh çfrHkwfr;ksa ls viuh ifjlaifÙk;ksa dk

cgqr cM+k fgLlk MhMh, ,lsV~l dks iquvkZoafVr dj fn;k

FkkA ifj.kker% o"kZ 2008 ds nkSjku ,Vhih dk ?kkVk &3-2

çfr'kr ij cjdjkj jgkA nwljh daifu;ksa ds eqdkcys ;g

?kkVk cgqr de Fkk vkSj blls irk pyrk Fkk fd daiuh

ds ç;klksa us vPNk dke fd;k gSA 6

o"kZ 2009 esa] vkfFkZd ladV ij vk;ksftr vkbZ,l,l, ds

lsfeukj esa daiuh us vius ç;klksa dk [kqyklk fd;kA 7

blesa 'kkfey Fkk %

● vyx iksVZQksfy;ks esa ns; dks de djus ds }kjk viwfjrtksf[keksa dks de djuk]

● lfdz; iksVZQksfy;ks çcaèku ds lkFk fuos'k iksVZQksfy;ksdk rhoz iquvkZoaVu vkSj oSfoè;hdj.k]

● O;oLFkk dh laosnu'khyrk dh tkap djus ds fy,mi;qä ladV ifj–';ksa dks lkeus ykuk] ftlls ladVds vlj dk iwokZuqeku yxk;k tk lds vkSj laHkkfor?kkVs ls cpk tk ldsA

,sls ç;kl nwljksa }kjk Hkh fd, tk ldrs gSa] ij ;g

ljdkjh fu;eksa vkSj {kerkvksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA dbZ ckj

fdlh ,d txg ;k fdlh [kkl le; ij tks dkjd dke

djrs gSa] os nwljh txg ij dke ugha dj ikrsA

lfdz; dks"k çcaèku ds ekè;e ls ladV ls fuiVuk5

lkekftd lqj{kk ds <kaps esa lqèkkjgky dh eanh us vusd lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ds

foÙk dk ijh{k.k dj fy;kA blds lkFk gh] eanh uslkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ds <kaps dks lqèkkjus ds fy,fopkj vkSj lq>ko Hkh çnku fd, gSaA ;s bl çdkj gSa %● foÙkh; cktkj ij fuHkZj isa'ku ç.kkfy;ksa dh fLFkfr

detksj gksrh gSA

● O;fä;ksa vkSj ljdkj ,oa is ,t ;w xks vkSj iw.kZ vuqnkuçkIr ;kstukvksa ds chp tksf[ke ds mi;qä larqyu dhvko';drk gksrh gSA

● mi;qä fuos'k j.kuhfr dks çnf'kZr fd;k gSA● i;kZIr vkSj dkjxj fu;eksa] fujh{k.k ,oa fuos'k uhfr;ksa

dh t:jr gksrh gSA

5 ,Vhih xzqi] okf"kZd fjiksVZ 2008- http://loke.datagraf.dk/atp_rapporter/admin/local/pregenerated_reports/report_atp2008_uk_123737165

6 gkykafd bl urhts esa ,Vhih dh dVkSrh dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds ifj.kkeksa dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gS& os xfrfofèk;ka tks yach vofèk ds çfrykHkksa dks dsaæ esa j[kdj

ugha dh xbZ Fkha] cfYd mudk mís'; vYi vkSj eè;e vofèk ds ns; dks lqjf{kr j[kuk FkkA vxj bu dVkSfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk, rks ,Vhih dks 17-8 çfr'kr

dk ldkjkRed çfrykHk çkIr gqvkA

7 lks'ky flD;ksfjVh bu VkbEl v‚Q dzkbfll % baiSDV] pSysatsl ,aM fjLikalst ij lsfeukj] tsusok- vkbZ,l,l,] 2009- www.issa.int/aiss/News-Events/Seminar-

on-Social-Security-in-Times-of-Crisis-Impact-Challenges-and-Responses


16

jk"Vªh; cgkyh ;kstuk esa lkekftd lqj{kk dhHkwfedk

gkykafd foÙkh; eanh us vusd lkekftd lqj{kkdk;Zdzeksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks detksj fd;k gS] fQjHkh lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk dksjs[kkafdr fd;k gS] vkfFkZd fxjkoV ls fuiVus ds fy,vk; LFkkukarj.k ç.kkyh vkSj uhfr mik; ds :i esaAblds vfrfjä jkstxkj l`tu dh ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ dksçksRlkfgr djus ds ç;klksa ds lkFk] uhfr fuèkkZjd blckr dks ekU;rk nsrs gSa fd O;fäxr vkSj ikfjokfjd vk;dks fufoZ?u j[kus ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka ,dl'kä ekè;e lkfcr gksrh gSaA lkoZtfud lajpukvksa esacM+s Lrj ij fuos'k dh rjg] ftldh ;kstuk cukus vkSjmudk dk;kZUo;u djus esa le; yxrk gS] udn ykHkHkqxrku FkksM+s foyac ds lkFk çnku fd, tk ldrs gSaA ;gykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS fd mUgsa ifjokjh t:jrksads fy, rRdky vkSj yxkrkj vk; çkIr gksrh jgsA

vkxs dh vksj utjgky ds g¶rksa esa vusd fVIi.khdkjksa us lq>ko fn;k fd

dqN ns'kksa esa eanh [kRe gksus dh ?kks"k.kk ds lkFk vkfFkZdfxjkoV dk nkSj [kRe gksrk fn[k jgk gSA fQj Hkh vusdns'kksa esa c<+rh csjkstxkjh ls ekuo lekt ij ladV dk;egS vkSj blls ladV çcaèku ds mik; ds :i esa lkekftdlqj{kk laLFkkuksa dh çklafxdrk c<+rh utj vkrh gSAokLro esa] bl lanHkZ esa lkekftd lqj{kk dh Hkwfedkvksa ijdbZ egRoiw.kZ ikB i<+s tk ldrs gSa %1- lkekftd lqj{kk us çnf'kZr fd;k gS fd dqy ekax esa

o`f) djds vkSj lkekftd lqlaxfr dks lgk;rk çnkudjds] vFkZO;oLFkk dks iqutÊfor fd;k tk ldrk gSvkSj bl çdkj ladV ls ckgj fudyus esa lkekftdlqj{kk ,d egRoiw.kZ ekè;e cu tkrh gSA

2- lkekftd lqj{kk uhfr çfrfdz;k dks lfdz; Je cktkjds lkFk lefUor djuk pkfg, ftlls u rks bldsrgr feyus okyh jkgr çHkkfor gksa vkSj u ghlkekftd lqj{kk ykHkksa ij yacs le; rd fuHkZjrk cuhjgsA

3- lkoZtfud lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dks gq, ?kkVs usHkfo"; dh mu pqukSfr;ksa ls yM+us dh bu ç.kkfy;ksadh foÙkh; {kerk dks detksj fd;k gS tks ljdkjksa dslkeus u, foÙkh; tksf[ke [kM+s djrh gSaA

4- lkekftd lqj{kk uhfr çfrfØ;k dks yach vofèk dsifj–';ksa dks utjankt ugha djuk pkfg, tks ;slkekftd lqj{kk dh foÙkh; nh?kZdkfydrk dkslqfuf'pr djsaA

5- bl ladV ls çnf'kZr gksrk gS fd vPNh vkfFkZd fLFkfrokys ns'k] lkekU;r;k] djksa ds ekè;e ls vFkZ iksf"krlkekftd lgk;rk lfgr dbZ çdkj dh foÙkh; jkgrçnku djus dh fLFkfr esa gksrs gSaA

gkykafd eanh us lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa ds lkeus

vusd çdkj dh leL;k,a [kM+h dh gSa] blds ekè;e ls

u, volj Hkh l`ftr gq, gSaA blls Li"V gqvk gS fd

lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka dsoy vkikrdkyhu mik; ugha

gSa] cfYd ;g lekt ds fuckZèk lapkyu dk vfHkUu vax

Hkh gSaA ladV ds ekè;e ls lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ksa dh

ekStwnk detksjh t:j js[kkafdr gqbZ gS ysfdu lkekftd

,dkRedrk ds :i esa lkekftd lqj{kk dh dher Hkh

le> esa vkbZ gSA varr% ;g le>uk t:jh gS fd vxj

ljdkjh çksRlkgu ;kstuk,a vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk ugha

gksrh rks bl ladV] ftlds xzsV fMçs'ku ls Hkh xaHkhj gksus

dh vk'kadk Fkh] ds vkSj Hkh vfèkd ?kkrd ifj.kke gks

ldrs FksA

>>


lkekU; ys[k

lkekftd lqj{kk

17

LokLF; ns[kHkky rd igqap% ,d visf{kr y{;

Üo Hkj esa djhc 15 djksM+ yksxksa dks viusLokLF; ij gj o"kZ cgqr vfèkd èku O;;djuk iM+rk gSA viuh jkstejkZ dhcqfu;knh vko';drkvksa ds fy, miyCèkvk; dk de ls de 40 çfr'kr fgLlk os

vius LokLF; ij [kpZ djus dks etcwj gksrs gSaA bldsvfrfjä xjhch js[kk ds uhps thou;kiu djus okys10 djksM+ yksxksa 1 dks ;g pquuk iM+rk gS fd os [kkus]diM+s ;k edku tSlh cqfu;knh vko';drkvksa ij [kpZdjsa vFkok vius LokLF; ijA bl çdkj O;fäxr Lrjij mUgsa d"V vkSj [kjkc LokLF; dk f'kdkj gksukiM+rk gS ftldk vlj O;kid Lrj ij vFkZO;oLFkk ijHkh iM+rk gSA [kjkc LokLF; dk vlj xjhch ij iM+rkgS ftlls ,d ckj fQj LokLF; ij vlj gksrk gSAbl ys[k esa xSjh gaijst LokLF; ns[kHkky ds vi;kZIrdk;Zdzeksa ij çdk'k Mky jgs gSaA

gkykafd ;g dsoy fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh leL;k ugha gS

¼ns[ksa vesfjdk ij lkbM ckj½] ij bruk t:j gS fdfodkl'khy ns'kksa ds ckf'kans yxkrkj LokLF; ns[kHkky lslacafèkr dk;Zdzeksa dh deh dk lkeuk dj jgs gSaA lkekU;rkSj ij ns[kk tk, rks mPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa LokLF;ns[kHkky dk iwjk [kpZ ljdkj ;k lkekftd chek lajpukvksaij fuHkZj jgrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, teZuh] tgka çfrO;fä vk; yxHkx 33 gtkj vesfjdh M‚yj ds djhc gS]ds yksx dsoy 11 çfr'kr fpfdRlk O;; dk ogu djrsgSaA ckdh dk O;; lkekftd LokLF; chek ;kstukvksa ;kljdkj ds dj jktLo ds nk;js esa vkrk gSA nwljh rjQvfèkdrj fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa esa yksx vius LokLF; ijviuh tsc ls [kpZ djrs gSaA dkaxks dk mnkgj.k ;gka lVhdgS tgka dh çfr O;fä vk; 120 vesfjdh M‚yj ds yxHkxgSA ;gka ds yksx vius LokLF; ij ftruk [kpZ djrs gSa]mldk 90 çfr'kr fgLlk mu yksxksa dh vk; ls vkrk gSA

bl leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy, gj txg vyx&vyx

LokLF;

1 MCY;w,pvks ds vkadM+s

>>

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Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks


fo

rjhds viuk, tkrs gSa ysfdu ,d ldkjkRed ckr tksmHkjdj vkrh gS] og gS tksf[ke ds fy, fuf'pr jkf'k dkstek djus vkSj iwoZHkqxrku ij vkèkkfjr <kapk vkSj djkèkku;k fdlh çdkj dk lkekftd LokLF; chek ¼tgka Jfed]fu;ksäkvksa }kjk èku bdëk fd;k tkrk gSA ljdkjksa }kjkvfrfjä vuqnku çnku fd;k tkrk gSA fQj mUgsalkekftd LokLF; chek dks"k esa tek djk fn;k tkrk gS½gh lcls csgrj fodYi gSaA tksf[ke ds fy, fuf'pr jkf'kdks tek djus okyh lajpukvksa esa] O;fä;ksa dks vko';drkiM+us ij dks"k ls èku miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA LoLFk yksx]chekj yksxksa dks vuqnku nsrs gSaA

tcfd iquHkZqxrku vkSj tksf[ke ds fy, fuf'pr jkf'ktek djuk] lerkewyd lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkkyç.kkfy;ksa ds fy, vpy ekuk tkrk gS] vkbZ,yvks ekU;rknsrk gS fd lkoZHkkSfed foLrkj çnku djus ds fy, gj ns'kdks viuh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj] vius fy, jkLrs ryk'kuspkfg,A ,sls dksbZ lekèkku ugha tks gj ns'k }kjk viuk, tkldsa] u gh LokLF; ns[kHkky dh ç.kkyh fodflr djus dsfy, 'kq#vkr ls ç;kl djus dh vko';drk gSA vusdoknh;k fo[kafMr LokLF; ns[kHkky ç.kkfy;ksa okys ns'kksa esa]lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; dk;Zdze eè;e vofèk ds y{; gSaA

FkkbZySaM ,d vPNk mnkgj.k gSA o"kZ 2001 esa] FkkbZljdkj us lkotZfud Lrj ij vFkZ iksf"kr ,d fpfdRlklqfoèkk ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj LoSfPNd LokLF; dkMZ;kstuk dks ubZ lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkky ;kstuk ¼;wlh½esa cnykA blls os yksx Hkh buds nk;js esa vk x, tks

blls ckgj NwV x, FksA bu ;kstukvksa esa futh vkSipkfjd{ks= ls ysdj ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa] lsokfuo`Ùk yksxksa vkSj muij fuHkZj yksxksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA vkbZ,yvks usFkkbZySaM ds baVjus'kuy gsYFk i‚fylh çksxzke ds lkFk dk;Zdjds LokLF; ctV dk nk;jk c<+k;kA bl çdkj jk"Vªh;LokLF; O;; ij LokLF; ,oa vkfFkZd ç.kkyh esa cnyko dsvlj dks de djuk laHko gqvkA blds lkFk gh] foÙkh;vko';drkvksa dks le>uk vkSj dk;kZUo;u ls igys lsokçnku djus ds rjhds dks csgrj cuk;k tkuk laHko gqvkAlkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa vkSj varr% ykHkkfFkZ;ksa] ftlesa ns'k dsxjhc yksx 'kkfey gSa] dh ckr lquuk bl çfdz;k dkegRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA ekl ehfM;k ds tfj, ubZ uhfr dkslapkfjr djuk Hkh bldk ,d vax gSA

;wlh dk;Zdze dks etcwr jktuSfrd çfrc)rk vkSjvko';d lalkèkuksa ds çkoèkkuksa ls Hkh ykHk çkIr gqvkAlkekU; dj jktLo ls vFkZ iksf"kr bl dk;Zdze dksyxkrkj etcwrh feyrh jghA FkkbZySaM dk LokLF; cheknk;jk 98 çfr'kr ds djhc gS ftlesa ;wlh dk;ZØe dkfgLlk 75 çfr'kr ls vf/kd gSA ckgjh jksfx;ksa }kjk LokLF;lsokvksa dk miHkksx 4-3 çfr'kr c<+ x;k gS vkSj vLirkyesa HkrÊ dh nj esa 2-2 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA

?kkuk esa Hkh fofHkUu LokLF; ;kstukvksa ds ekè;e lslkoZHkkSfed nk;jk c<+k;k x;k gSA bl iwjs dk;Zdze dksjk"Vªh; LokLF; chek ifj"kn }kjk lefUor ,oa fujhf{krfd;k x;k gSA ;g jk"Vªh; U;wure ykHk iSdstsl pykrh gSvkSj LokLF; chek ç.kkyh esa fpfdRlk lqfoèkk çkIr djusokys yksxksa dks çkfèkd`r djrh gSA ,d ckj fQj vkbZ,yvksus ?kkuk ljdkj ds lkFk feydj] lkekftd lqj{kk lqèkkjksavkSj jk"Vªh; LokLF; chek ç.kkyh ls lacafèkr fofHkUuigyqvksa ij uhfrxr o rduhdh ijke'kZ çnku fd;k gSAblesa xjhcksa dks chek ;kstukvksa dk ykHk igqapkus dh foÙkh;laHkkfork dks fuèkkZfjr djuk 'kkfey gSA

?kkuk ljdkj us o"kZ 2003 esa jk"Vªh; LokLF; chekç.kkyh ¼,u,pvkbZ,l½ dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, ,ddkuwu ikfjr fd;k FkkA blesa ns'k esa lHkh yksxksa dkscqfu;knh LokLF; ns[kHkky lsok çnku djus dk mís';Li"V fd;k x;k FkkA ?kkuk ljdkj vxys ikap ls 10 lkyksaesa ,u,pvkbZ,l esa 50&60 çfr'kr yksxksa dks 'kkfey djukpkgrh gS ysfdu vHkh bl y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy,cgqr dqN fd;k tkuk ckdh gSA

nh?kZdkyhu LokLF; ns[kHkky lsok dh foQyrk ds cknphu us o"kZ 1978 esa viuh uhfr;ksa esa cnyko fd;kA bldsrgr viuh LokLF; ns[kHkky ij O;fä dks [kqn gh [kpZdjuk gksrk gSA gky gh esa LokLF; ea=ky; }kjk tkjh fd,x, vkadM+ksa ls ekywe pyrk gS fd fpfdRlk lsok ij yksxtgka o"kZ 1980 esa viuh vk; dk 21 çfr'kr [kpZ djrsFks] ogha o"kZ 2007 esa ;g [kpZ nqxqus ls Hkh vfèkd gksdj]45 çfr'kr gks x;k gSA o"kZ 2003 ls phu us vius pkj

18

>>© v

kj- ykWMZ@

vkbZ,y

vks


lkekU; ys[k

LokLF;

19

© ih-M

syksp

@vkbZ,y

vks

fofHkUu dk;Zdzeksa ds ekè;e ls chek ds nk;js dks c<+kus dsfy, Bksl dne mBk, gSaA o"kZ 2003 esa tgka 19 djksM+yksx ¼dqy vkcknh dk 15 çfr'kr½ buds nk;js esa vkrs Fks]ogha o"kZ 2008 esa 1-13 vjc yksx ¼vkcknh dk 85 çfr'kr½blls ykHkkfUor gks jgs FksA

vçSy 2009 dh 'kq#vkr esa] phu us LokLF; ns[kHkkyç.kkyh esa xgu lqèkkjksa ij fn'kkfunZs'k çdkf'kr fd, ftlesadgk x;k Fkk fd o"kZ 2020 rd ns'k ds lHkh xzkeh.k ,oa'kgjh yksxksa rd lqjf{kr] dkjxj] lqfoèkktud vkSj ogudjus ;ksX; LokLF; lsok igqapkus gsrq cqfu;knh LokLF;ns[kHkky ç.kkyh fodflr dh tk,xhA eqä cktkj ç.kkyhds lkFk ç;ksx djrs gq,] tksfd vkmV v‚Q i‚dsV isesaVij vkèkkfjr gksrh gS] ?kkuk vkSj phu tSls ns'k iquHkZqxrkuvkSj tksf[ke ds fy, fuf'pr jkf'k tek djus dh ç.kkyhij ykSV vk, tks fd mfpr dher ij i;kZIr LokLF;ns[kHkky çnku djus dk ,dek= nh?kZdkyhu jkLrk gSA

21oha 'krkCnh dh 'kq#vkr esa foÜo ds lHkh ns'kksa dslkeus ;g cM+h pqukSrh Fkh fd lHkh yksxksa dh igqap ,slhLokLF; lsokvksa rd gks ftUgsa ogu djuk Hkh vklku gksAvkbZ,yvks dk foÜokl gS fd lkoèkkuhiw.kZ rS;kjh] tksekStwnk dk;Zdzeksa ds xgu fo'ys"k.k ij vkèkkfjr gks] vkSjbu dk;Zdzeksa dh dfe;ksa ds çfr rdZlaxr joS;k viukdjxjhc cgqy lektksa esa Hkh lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkkyigqapkuk laHko gSA blds vfrfjä laxBu dk ;g HkhfoÜokl gS fd LokLF; chek ds nk;js dks c<+kdj gh& tksfd vc dksbZ foykflrk ugha gS& vkfFkZd o`f) dks xfrçnku dh tk ldrh gSA

vesfjdk esa LokLF; chek

vesfjdk esa LokLF; chek dk;ZØe esfMD;sj] esfMdsM]fpYMªsal gsYFk ba';ksjsal çksxzke vkSj osVjsUl gsYFk,MfefuLVªs'ku dks NksM+dj] vesfjdk esa çnku fd;k tkusokyk LokLF; chek ykHk ds vkèkkj ij futh daifu;ksa ds[kkrs esa vkrk gS vkSj lkekU; rkSj ij ;g O;fä ds jkstxkjls lac) gksrk gS ¼dqy chek dh la[;k dk 60 çfr'kr½Avusd yksx blls oafpr Hkh jg tkrs gSaA vesfjdk ds lsallC;wjks dh gky dh fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd lk<+s pkj djksM+¼pkj djksM+ 57 yk[k½ yksxksa dk chek ugha gS] tcfd bllsHkh vfèkd yksxksa ds ikl fpfdRlk ij gksus okys O;;] vxjmUgsa vko';drk iM+s] dks ogu djus ds fy, fdlh çdkjdk dksbZ chek ugha gSA vesfjdu tjuy v‚Q esfMflu dsvuqlkj] vesfjdk esa O;fä;ksa ds fnokfy;k gksus dks lclscM+k dkj.k fpfdRlk ds fy, fy;k tkus okyk _.k gSA

bl chp baLVhVîwV v‚Q esfMflu v‚Q n us'kuy,dSMeh v‚Q lkbalst dk dguk gS fd vesfjdk ,slkvdsyk èkuh] vkS|ksxhdr ns'k gS tks ;g lqfuf'pr ughadjrk gS fd mlds lHkh ukxfjd chek dk;Zdze ds nk;jsesa vkrs gSaA laLFkku dk ;g vuqeku gS fd chek ds vHkkoesa gj lky 18 gtkj yksx lgh fpfdRlk u feyus dsdkj.k ekSr dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA vesfjdu tjuy v‚QifCyd gsYFk }kjk çdkf'kr ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj ;gla[;k 44]800 ds djhc gSA LokLF; ns[kHkky lacaèkh lqèkkjksaij dkaxzsl us viuh cgl esa LokLF; ns[kHkky dks cqfu;knhvfèkdkj cukus dh odkyr dh FkhA blds vfrfjäLokLF; ns[kHkky rd lcdh igqap] fu"i{krk& fo'ks"k :ils ekStwnk chek ;kstukvksa ds lanHkZ esa vkSj mldk ogudjus ;ksX; gksuk] ;s eqís Hkh bl cgl esa 'kkfey fd, x,FksA


20

lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkky


lkekU; ys[k

"kZ 2008 ds eè; esa] fl;jk fyv‚u dhljdkj us ;g earO; Li"V fd;k fd ogns'k esa eqä] lkoZHkkSfed vkSj LokLF;

ns[kHkky dh vPNh ç.kkyh fodflr djuk pkgrh gSAbl lacaèk esa ljdkj us vkbZ,yvks ds lg;ksx lslkekftd LokLF; chek ds fy, ns'k ds fodYiksa dkvkdyu fd;kA i=dkj LVhQu Mxyl ;g tkudkjhns jgs gSa fd lHkh ds fy, lkekftd LokLF; chekç.kkyh fodflr djus ds fy, fl;jk fyv‚u fdlçdkj dh igy dj jgk gSA LVhQu Mxyl fl;jkfyv‚u esa gh cls gq, gSaA

58 o"kZ ds rsaxcsg dekjk dks 13 flracj dks nksigj dk[kkuk [kkus ds ckn ,dk,d Nkrh ds chpksa&chp nnZ gksusyxkA og iwjs fnu nnZ ls djkgrs jgsA vxys fnu lqcgdekjk dks du‚V vLirky ds cfgj jksxh foHkkx esa tkapds fy, ys tk;k x;kA mUgsa vLirky esa HkrÊ dj fy;kx;kA og vLirky esa Ng fnu vkSj ikap jkr jgsA bldh,ot esa mUgsa 3]50]000 ys ¼yxHkx 350 vesfjdh M‚yj½dk fcy Fkek fn;k x;kA blds vfrfjä dekjk ds ifjokjus nok[kkus ls nok ykus] [kkuk] M‚DVj vkSj ulksZa dksHkqxrku djus] HkrÊ& fMLpktZ djus vkSj ifjogu ds fy,vyx ls èku [kpZ fd;k FkkA

dekjk dh vkichrh crkrh gS fd fl;jk fyv‚u esaLokLF; ns[kHkky ij yksxksa dks fdruk [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSftlls os xjhch dh xrZ esa fxjus dks etcwj gksrs gSaA ;k;wa dgsa fd ,slh vkichrh ds pyrs gh ge if'peh vÝhdkdh LokLF; ns[kHkky ç.kkyh ij utj Mkyus dks ckè; gksrsgSaA LokLF; ij bruk vfèkd [kpZ djuk iM+s rks vDljyksx bykt djkus ls gh cprs gSa vkSj dbZ ckj cgqr yacsle; rd LokLF; dsaæ tkrs gh ughaA ;g ckr vkSj gS fddbZ ckj cgqr nsj gks tkrh gSA

oSls ;g ns'k cgqr yacs le; rd x`g ;q) ls tw>rkjgk gSA n'kdksa rd pys ik'kfod x`g ;q) us bl ns'k dksxaHkhj :i ls çHkkfor fd;k ftlesa ;gka dh LokLF;ns[kHkky ç.kkyh Hkh 'kkfey gSA o"kZ 2004 esa fl;jk fyv‚udks nqfu;k ds lcls xjhc ns'kksa esa ls ,d crk;k x;kA;gka dk çfr O;fä ldy ?kjsyw mRikn 310 vesfjdh M‚yjFkkA ;gka dh 70 çfr'kr vkcknh ,d vesfjdh M‚yj çfrO;fä ls Hkh de ij thou;kiu djrh gS vkSj jktèkkuhÝhVkmu vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jgus okys yksxksa ds chpO;kid varjky gS ¼15 vkSj 79 çfr'kr yksx Øe'k% xjhchjs[kk ls uhps jgrs gSa½A

ns'k esa csjkstxkjh nj Hkh cgqr T;knk gSA vkbZ,yvksdh o"kZ 2008 dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ns'k esa vYi csjkstxkjhvkSj csjkstxkjh dk Lrj 70 çfr'kr rd igqap x;k gSAvkSlr thou laHkkfork 40 o"kZ ds djhc gS vkSj f'k'kq e`R;qnj çfr 1000 thfor uotkr esa 165 ds djhc gSA gj ,dgtkj f'k'kqvksa esa ls 286 cPpksa dh ikap o"kZ dk gksus lsigys e`R;q gks tkrh gS vkSj gj ,d yk[k efgykvksa esa ls1300 ls 2000 efgyk,a çlo ds nkSjku ekSr dk f'kdkj gkstkrh gSaA vkèks ls Hkh de çlo ¼42 çfr'kr½ fdlh çf'kf{krlgk;d dh enn ls djk;k tkrk gS vkSj gj ikap esa lsflQZ ,d cPpk fdlh LokLF; dsaæ esa tUe ysrk gSA

fl;jk fyv‚u ds LokLF; ea=h M‚- lksdksg dkfc;k dsvuqlkj] ^gekjs ns'k esa cgqr lh leL;k,a gSa ysfdu gekjsikl ,d fuf'pr vofèk esa bu leL;kvksa ds lekèkku dh;kstuk gSA*

LokLF; ea=h dkfc;k dk b'kkjk çLrkfor LokLF;ns[kHkky ;kstuk& n fl;jk fyv‚u lks'ky gsYFk ba';ksjsalQaM ¼Lys'kh½ dh vksj gS tks ns'k esa lHkh ukxfjdksa rdlkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkky dk;Zdze igqapkus dh igydjsxhA Lys'kh ds fy, deZpkfj;ksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa dh vksj

* LokLF; lcls cM+h nkSyr gSA

o

osy& cksnh&vkslwlw*%lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkky dsfy, fl;jk fyv‚u dh igy

21Je dh nqfu;k] vad 38] vizSy 2010

ls ;ksxnku fn;k tk,xkA dsaæ ljdkj lcflMh çnkudjsxh vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa] ftlesa LokLF; Hkh 'kkfey gS] lsvuqnku çkIr djds mudk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA Lys'khdks laln }kjk ikfjr dkuwu }kjk leFkZu çnku fd;ktk,xkA

fl;jk fyv‚u ljdkj LokLF; vkSj tula[;k]mRikndrk ds Lrjksa vkSj ns'k dh vkfFkZd o`f) ds chp dslacaèkksa ls iwjh rjg voxr gSA Lys'kh dh LFkkiuk dkstcjnLr lg;ksx vkSj jktuSfrd bPNk'kfä çkIr gSALys'kh dk Lyksxu gS& ^osy cksnh vkslwlw* ftldk vFkZ gksrkgS ^LokLF; gh lcls cM+h nkSyr gSA* bl ukjs dk lq>kons'k ds jk"Vªifr M‚- vuZsLV ckb dksjksek us fn;k gSA

dsaæ ljdkj us vkbZ,yvks dks vkeaf=r fd;k gS fd ogns'k esa lkekftd LokLF; chek ds fodYiksa dk vkdyudjus esa rduhdh lgk;rk çnku djsA laxBu mu ns'kksadks lgk;rk iznku djrk gS tks lekurk] n{krk vkSjlkekftd lEesyu dh vo/kkj.kk dks izksRlkfgr djus okyhLokLF; j.kuhfr;ksa dks fodflr djsa vkSj i;kZIr lkekftdLokLF; lqj{kk nsus ds lkFk&lkFk nh?kZdkyhu vkSj ns'k dhç.kkyh ds vuq:i dke djsaA bu lc ckrksa dks è;ku esaj[krs gq, vkbZ,yvks us fl;jk fyv‚u ljdkj dks viuhfjiksVZ lkSaih vkSj ml fjiksVZ esa vusd fodYiksa dk lq>kofn;kA blesa dgk x;k fd ljdkj dks lcls laosnu'khyyksxksa& xHkZorh efgykvksa] ikap lky ls de mez ds cPpksa]cw<+ksa vkSj cgqr xjhcksa& dks lcls igys ykHk çnku djuspkfg,A

;ksxnku jkf'k dks Hkh ,slk gksuk pkfg, ftls ns'k dkdkedkth rcdk vkSj fu;ksäk ogu dj ldsaA LokLF; vkSjlsfuVs'ku ea=ky; ds gsYFk bdksu‚feLV ekbdy vekjk dsvuqlkj] ^ge ijaijkxr fpfdRldksa ¼tks ekU;rk çkIr gSa½]M‚DVjksa] ulksZa vkSj lHkh is'ksoj LokLF;dfeZ;ksa dks ,dhd`rdjus vkSj ,d oSdfYid Hkqxrku ç.kkyh dks fodflr djusij Hkh fopkj dj jgs gSa ftlls vLirky ds LVkQ dksgksus okys vukSipkfjd Hkqxrku ls cpk tk ldsA* gkykafdljdkj dk mís'; jksdFkke ij dsafær LokLF; ns[kHkky ijè;ku nsuk gSA

fl;jk fyv‚u esa ;wds fMikVZesaV v‚Q baVjus'kuyMsoyiesaV ¼Mh,QvkbZMh½ dh lykgdj lwlu e'kgkuk bl;kstuk ls lacafèkr yksxksa] laxBuksa vkSj nkrkvksa dh iM+rkydj jgh gSaA muds vuqlkj] ^bl dk;Zdze ls brus lkjsyksxksa ds tqM+s gksus ls ;g Li"V gS fd yksx blesa #fp ysjgs gSaA gkykafd igys ds ç;klksa ds cgqr vPNs ifj.kkelkeus ugha vk, Fks] ysfdu eq>s foÜokl gS fd bl ckjgekjh esgur jax yk,xhA*

lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; ns[kHkky ds fy, fl;jk fyv‚u dhigy 'kq: gks xbZ gS vkSj ?kVuk,a rsth ls cny jgh gSaAmEehn gS fd varjjk"Vªh; leqnk; ds foÙkh; ,oa rduhdhlg;ksx ls fl;jk fyv‚u vius lHkh ukxfjdksa dkslkoZHkkSfed rFkk vPNh LokLF; ;kstuk,a çnku dj ik,xkA

© ,l- Mxyl@vkbZ,yvks

22


dn gLrkarj.k dk;Zdze ¼;k lhVh½ cgqryacs le; ls xjhch mUewyu] [kir esa o`f)vkSj ekuo fodkl dks çksRlkfgr djus ds

yksdfç; ekè;e jgs gSaA gkykafd lkekftd lqj{kk ds{ks= esa ;s vis{kkd`r ubZ igy gS] fdarq ekStwnk le;esa cqfu;knh dY;k.k ;kstuk,a 30 fodkl'khy ns'kksaesa lQyrkiwoZd dke dj jgh gSaA buls 30 djksM+ls vfèkd yksx ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA ;s os yksx gSaftUgsa bu ;kstukvksa ds vfrfjä fdlh nwljs rjgdk lkekftd laj{k.k çkIr ugha gSA bl ys[k esa Jedh nqfu;k bu dk;Zdzeksa ls tqM+s eqíksa ij ppkZ djjgh gSA

fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa jgus okys cgqr ls yksxksa ds iklvk; dk ,d gh lkèku gksrk gS& mudh ukSdjhA vxjmuds ikl ukSdjh ugha gS rks bldk eryc ;g gS fdmuds ikl [kkuk ;k nok [kjhnus ds fy, iSls ugha gSaA ugh os f'k{kk çkIr dj ldrs gSaA pwafd T;knkrj vukSipkfjd{ks= esa dke dj jgs gksrs gSa] blfy, vxj fdlh otg ls

mudh ukSdjh pyh tkrh gS rks mudk thou gh #d tkrkgSA

oSls ukSdjh gksus dk ;g eryc Hkh ugha fd os xjhchds na'k ls cp ldrs gSa % vkt] 12 yk[k ls T;knk Jfedçfr fnu nks M‚yj ls de dek ikrs gSa ftldk ;g lhèkklk eryc gS fd nqfu;k ds gj 10 esa ls pkj Jfed xjhcgSaA blesa lcls T;knk çHkkfor gksrs gSa efgyk,a] cPps vkSjcw<s+ ftUgsa vki laosnu'khy lewg dg ldrs gSaA ,sls yksxksads fy, udn gLrkarj.k dk;Zdze ,d ojnku dh rjg gSAtSls ekSr ds eqag ls ftanxh dh vksj vkus dk ,d ç;klA

l'krZ udn gLrkarj.k ¼lhlhVh½ udn gLrkarj.k dsçeq[k çdkjksa eas ls ,d gSA foÜo cSad ds vuqlkj] ^l'krZudn gLrkarj.k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk lkekftd vuqcaèk dsekè;e ls xjhc ifjokjksa dks vuqnku miyCèk djkrk gSA*nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ljdkj udn ykHk nsus dh dqN 'krZ j[krhgS& tSls cPpksa dks fu;fer Ldwy Hkstuk ;k mUgsa LokLF;dsaæksa rd ysdj vkukA lhlhVh fcuk va'knku fn, pyk;ktkus okys dk;Zdze gSa] ;kuh buls ykHk çkIr djus ds fy,xjhc ifjokjksa dks dksbZ va'knku ugha nsuk iM+rkA

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lHkh ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk

lkekU; ys[k

u

23

lcls yksdfç; lhlhVh gS] czkthy dk cksylk QSfefy;kdk;ZdzeA ;g nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k l'krZ gLrkarj.kdk;Zdze gS ftls Ng lky igys 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA bldk;Zdze dk mís'; vR;fèkd xjhc ifjokjksa dks U;wurevk; çnku djrs gq, xjhch vkSj vlekurk de djuk gSAblds fy, ljdkj dh vksj ls dqN 'krZsa yxkbZ tkrh gSa]tSls Ldwy esa mifLFkfr] Vhdkdj.k vkSj çlwfr iwoZ vkSji'pkr LokLF; dsaæ vkukA blds ekè;e ls ih<+h nj ih<+hpyh vk jgh xjhch dks de djus esa enn fey jgh gSAcksylk QSfefy;k ds rgr ykHkkfUor gksus okys ifjokjksa dhla[;k bl lky ds var rd ,d djksM+ 24 yk[k ¼ns'k dhvkcknh dk ,d pkSFkkbZ½ gks tk,xhA ns'k esa vlekurk vkSjxjhch de djus esa bl dk;Zdze dk egRoiw.kZ vkSj çHkkoh;ksxnku gSA vlekurk de djus esa 20 ls 25 çfr'kr vkSjxjhch de djus esa 16 çfr'krA

cksylk QSfefy;k dh rjg eSfDldks esa v‚ipqfuMSM~luke dk dk;Zdze pyk;k tkrk gS ftlls djhc 50 yk[kyksx ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA bl dk;Zdze dk ykHk ysusds fy, Hkh ekrk&firk ¼fo'ks"k :i ls ekrk½ dks ;glqfuf'pr djuk gksrk gS fd muds cPps fu;fer :i lsLdwy tkrs gSa vkSj chekj iM+us ij ekrk&firk mUgsafpfdRld ds ikl ys tkrs gSaA o"kZ 1997 esa 'kq: fd,x, bl dk;ZØe dks igys çksxzslk uke fn;k x;k FkkAblds ifj.kkeLo:i Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dh mifLFkfr esac<+ksrjh gqbZA ckydksa dh mifLFkfr esa 5 ls 8 çfr'krvkSj ckfydkvksa dh mifLFkfr esa 11 ls 14 çfr'kr dkbtkQk gqvkA gkykafd bl dk;Zdze dks cky JemUewyu ds mís'; ls fodflr ugha fd;k x;k Fkkysfdu bl fn'kk esa Hkh blds ykHk Li"V utj vk,Adk;Zdze ds çR;{k ifj.kke ds :i esa ;g ik;k x;k fd8 ls 17 lky ds chp ds cPpksa ds dke djus dhvk'kadk 10 ls 14 çfr'kr rd de gqbZA

lHkh udn gLrkarj.k dk;ZØeksa dk ekè;e cPps ughacurs gSaA nf{k.k vÝhdk dh isa'ku ;kstuk dk mís'; cw<+ksadh xjhch dks de djuk gSA gky gh esa pkbYM liksVZxzkaV~l ¼lh,lth½ ls igys rd ;g isa'ku ;kstuk ns'k esaxjhc ifjokjksa dks lg;ksx nsus dk egRoiw.kZ lzksr FkhAukehfc;k esa Hkh ,slh gh ,d ;kstuk pykbZ tk jgh gSAblds rgr ns'k ds 60 lky ls vfèkd ds lHkh ukxfjdo`)koLFkk isa'ku ikus ds fy, vfèkd`r gSaA O;fä dh vk;;k nwljh fdlh çdkj dh isa'ku ikus ds ckotwn oso`)koLFkk isa'ku çkIr dj ldrs gSaA nf{k.k vÝhdk esa Hkh

;gh fLFkfr gSA ;gka Hkh ,d [kkl mez ij igqapus ds cknO;fä U;wure isa'ku çkIr djus ds fy, vfèkd`r gks tkrkgSA

vusd udn gLrkarj.k ;kstukvksa dk lcls fnypLiigyq ;g gS fd os fuf'pr ç;kstuksa ds vfrfjä ykHk çnkudj jgh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, o`)koLFkk isa'ku ls O;fä dhfLFkfr esa lqèkkj vkrk gS] tks vU;Fkk ifjokj ds fy, vkfFkZdcks> cu tkrk gSA vc yksx o`)koLFkk isa'ku ds pyrsifjokj esa cqtqxksZa dh bTtr vkSj mudh ns[kHkky djrs gSaAblh çdkj ,slh ;kstukvksa ls ySafxd lekurk dks çksRlkgufeyrk gS] pwafd budh enn ls ifjokj esa efgyk dh fLFkfrl'kä gksrh gS vkSj mudk vkRelEeku cjdjkj jgrk gSAbu dk;Zdzeksa us ukxfjd thou ds vU; {ks=ksa esayksdrkaf=d Hkkxhnkjh dks çksRlkfgr djus esa lgk;rk dhgSA czkthy ds ,d dk;Zdze çsfoMsafl;k :jy dh gh otgls lsokfuo`Ùk xzkeh.k Jfed] vius Jfed laxBuksa esafu;fer va'knku ns ikrs gSaA

xjhch vkSj lkekftd vlekurk de djus ds mís';iwjk djus ds ckotwn udn gLrkarj.k dk;Zdzeksa dks dbZrjg dh vkykspukvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA lclscM+h vkykspuk rks bl ckr dh gksrh gS fd blds rgrl'krZ enn nh tkrh gSA dqN fo'ks"kK rks bls ^iSr`Ro>Vdk* dgrs gSa tks laHkkfor ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ij vfrfjä 'krZyknus dh dk;ZØe vfèkdkfj;ksa dh cqfu;knh ço`fÙk dh vksjb'kkjk djrk gSA nf{k.k vÝhdk ;gka Hkh ,d felky dk;edjrk gSA ;gka ljdkj ds pkbYM liksVZ xzkaV ¼lh,lth½dks l'krZ çnku fd;k tkrk gS] ij vuqeku gS fd 90çfr'kr cPps bl vuqnku dks çkIr ugha dj ikrsA gka],d ckj tc ;g 'krZ gVk nh xbZ rks 58 çfr'kr cPpksa usykHk çkIr dj fy;kA

fdarq vxj lexz :i ls ns[kk tk,rks xjhch] LokLF;] iks"k.k vkSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksadh lkekftd fLFkfr ij udngLrkarj.k dk;ZØeksa dk cgqr ldkjkRedvlj gqvk gS] fo'ks"k :i ls efgykvksaijA fQj Hkh vHkh jkLrk yack gSA nqfu;kds 5-3 vjc yksxksa ¼dqy vkcknh dk 80çfr'kr½ dks fdlh çdkj dk dksbZlkekftd laj{k.k çkIr ugha gSA udngLrkarj.k dk;ZØe bl fn'kk esa igykldkjkRed dne rks dgk gh tk ldrkgSA



24

lHkh ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk]czkthy dh felky

Nys dbZ lkyksa lsySfVu vesfjdk esalkekftd lqj{kkds laj{k.k vkSj

çksRlkgu esa czkthy vxz.khjgk gSA ns'k ds lkekftdlaj{k.k dk;Zdzeksa dks vius{ks= foLrkj vkSj u;siu dsfy, O;kid Lrj ij ekU;rkfeyh gSA czkthy ds lkekftdlqj{kk miea=h dkykZsl,MqoMkZs xckl dks gky gh esavkbZ,yvks esa lkekftd lqj{kkds foLrkj dh j.kuhfr;ksa ijxfBr f=i{kh; lfefr dkvè;{k fuokZfpr fd;k x;k

gSA ;gka Je dh nqfu;k ds lkFk og czkthy esa fd,vius dk;Z ds vuqHko ckaV jgs gSaA

1½ fiNys n'kdksa esa czkthy us xjhch de djus esa cM+hlQyrk ikbZ gSA bl lanHkZ esa lkekftd lqj{kk us D;kHkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS\

dkykZsl ,MqoMkZs xckl& o"kZ 2003 esa jk"Vªifr yqyk nflYok dh ljdkj us inHkkj laHkkyus ds lkFk tks dk;Zdze'kq: fd,] lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstuk mlds dsaæ esa FkhAgekjs ;gka dh lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkyh dh rhu 'kk[kk,agSa& LokLF;] lkekftd lgk;rk vkSj isa'ku ç.kkyh& buesals çR;sd ,d ea=ky; ds varxZr vkrh gSA LokLF; ç.kkyhlkoZtfud vkSj fu'kqYd gS vkSj lHkh dks miyCèk gSAlkekftd lgk;rk çnku djus ds fy, cksylk QSfefy;ktSls dk;Zdze pyk, tkrs gSa vkSj cw<+ksa ,oa fodykaxksa dks,d fuf'pr ewyHkwr jkf'k nh tkrh gSA gekjs ns'k dh isa'kuç.kkyh ,dkRedrk dh voèkkj.kk ij vkèkkfjr gS ;kuh tksyksx dke djrs gSa] os mu yksxksa dks lgk;rk nsrs gSa tkslsokfuo`fÙk dh mez rd igqap x, gSaA bu rhu ç.kkfy;ksa

vkSj muls lacafèkr uhfr;ksa us czkthy esa xjhch mUewyuvkSj vk; ds iqufoZrj.k esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA 'kq#vkresa] futh daifu;ka bl ckr ds fy, fpafrr Fkha fd yqykljdkj }kjk çLrkfor ubZ uhfr;ka egaxh gksaxh vkSj cgqrvfèkd çHkko'kkyh ugha gksaxh D;ksafd budk mís'; lclsvfèkd t:jrean yksxksa dh enn djuk FkkA ij le; usbl vk'kadk dks xyr lkfcr dj fn;kA mnkgj.k ds fy,o"kZ 2003 ljdkj us isa'ku ç.kkyh dks fn;k tkus okykvuqnku de dj fn;k] tcfd Jfedksa dk va'knku c<+x;kA vkfFkZd eanh ds ckotwn fiNys lky dk isa'kuva'knku cgqr vfèkd FkkA blh ls lkfcr gksrk gS fdlkekftd lfEeyu vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl ,d nwljs dsvuqdwy gks ldrs gSaA

2½ D;k vkfFkZd ladV ds pyrs czkthy dh lkekftdlqj{kk ç.kkyh ij dksbZ ncko ugha iM+k\ bl eqís ij ljdkjus D;k dk;Z fd;k\

lhbZth& tc vkfFkZd ladV dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ] jk"Vªifryqyk us rHkh ;g r; dj fy;k Fkk fd lkekftd laj{k.krd igqap dks c<+k;k tk,A mls foLrkj fn;k tk,A ladVds nkSjku xjhcksa ds çfr ljdkj dh fpark vkSj vfèkd Li"VgqbZA geus jkstxkj dks lqjf{kr j[kus] csjkstxkjksa dkslgk;rk nsus vkSj ?kjsyw [kir dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds mik;fd,A bUgha ç;klksa dk ifj.kke Fkk fd nwljs ns'kksa dseqdkcys czkthy esa vkfFkZd cgkyh rst xfr ls gqbZA

3½ ySfVu vesfjdk ds dqN ns'kksa ¼tSls fpyh½ esa futh isa'kuç.kkfy;ka Hkh gSaA dqN ns'kksa ¼tSls vtZsaVhuk½ esa ;s ç.kkfy;kaljdkj }kjk pykbZ tkrh gSA czkthy esa ;gfuth&lkoZtfud] nksuksa Lrjksa ij pykbZ tkrh gSaA ;gdjuk dSls laHko gksrk gS\

lhbZth& czkthy us viuh isa'ku ç.kkyh ds fy, fdlh

nwljs ns'k ds e‚My dks vk;kfrr djus ds ckjs esa ugha

lkspkA ,slk cgqr ckj gqvk fd dqN {ks=ksa us isa'ku ç.kkyh

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25

dk futhdj.k djus dh dksf'k'k dh ysfdu lkalnksa& fo'ks"k

:i ls okeiaFkh ikfVZ;ksa ds lkalnksa us ges'kk bl fopkj dks

[kkfjt fd;kA czkthy us isa'ku ç.kkyh dk viuk e‚My

cuk;k ftls rhu ;kstukvksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;kA yksd

lsodksa ¼ukxfjd vkSj lSU;½ ds fy, Hkh ,d ;kstuk gS] ,d

;kstuk lkèkkj.k Jfedksa ds fy, gS vkSj ,d ;kstuk mu

yksxksa ds fy, gS tks lsokfuo`Ùk gksus ds ckn vfrfjä vk;

gkfly djuk pkgrs gSaA rhljh ;kstuk futh {ks= ls lac)

gSA fiNys dqN lkyksa esa bl e‚My esa cnyko gq, gSaA o"kZ

2003 esa tc yqyk us jk"Vªifr in laHkkyk rc mUgsa irk

pyk fd yksd lsodksa dh ;kstuk cgqr [kpÊyh lkfcr gks

jgh gS] blfy, mUgksaus dqN lalkèkuksa dks lkèkkj.k Jfedksa

dh ;kstuk esa gLrkarfjr dj fn;kA mUgksaus çfr o"kZ

U;wure isa'ku ¶yksj dks c<+kdj mls U;wure 10 dk;Z

fnol dk osru dj fn;kA 'kq#vkr esa futh {ks= us bldk

fojksèk fd;kA futh {ks= dk dguk Fkk fd ljdkj isa'ku

ç.kkfy;ksa esa gLr{ksi dj jgh gSA ge bl ckr ls budkj

rks ugha djrs ysfdu geus mUgsa le>k;k fd ge ;g

gLr{ksi lHkh Jfedksa ds Qk;ns ds fy, dj jgs gSaA blds

ihNs ;g fopkj Fkk fd tc yksx lsokfuo`fÙk dh mez rd

igqapsa] rks mUgsa U;wure isa'ku t:j çkIr gksA blds vykok

tks yksx pkgrs gSa& vkSj mldk ogu dj ldrs gSa& os

yksx futh ;kstuk dk ykHk Hkh mBk ldrs gSaA bl rjg

lHkh yksxksa dks lkekftd lqj{kk dk ykHk fey ldrk gSA

4½ cksylk QSfefy;k czkthy dk eq[; lkekftd lqj{kkdk;Zdze cuk vkSj ySfVu vesfjdk ds nwljs ns'kksa esa bldhrtZ ij dk;Zdze pyk, x,A ;g bruk lQy dk;ZdzedSls cuk\

lhbZth& czkthy esa Hkq[kejh ds f'kdkj cgqr ls yksx gSaA;g euq"; tkfr dh leL;k gSA jk"Vªifr yqyk us ftl fnudqlÊ laHkkyh] mUgksaus dgk& gjsd O;fä dks fnu esa rhuckj [kkuk [kkus dk vfèkdkj gSA mudh ;gh lwfä mudslHkh lkekftd dk;Zdzeksa] tSls cksylk QSfefy;k] dk dkj.kcuhA ;g ,d udn gLrkarj.k dk;Zdze gS ftls ikus dsfy, dqN 'krZsa iwjh djuh gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, blsçkIr djus ds fy, xjhc vkSjrksa dks ;g 'krZ iwjh djuhgksrh gS fd os vius cPpksa dks Ldwy Hkstsaxh vkSj mUgsa iwjsVhds yxok,axhA xHkZorh vkSjrksa dks ;g lgk;rk çkIrdjus ds fy, ;g 'krZ iwjh djuh gksrh gS fd os xHkkZoLFkkds nkSjku M‚DVj ds ikl tk,axhA rks] blds lkFk&lkFkLokLF; vkSj f'k{kk dk igyq Hkh tqM+k gqvk gSA ij geus;g Hkh ik;k fd bl dk;Zdze dh enn ls yksxksa dks xjhchls futkr ikus esa rks enn feyh gh] Je cktkj esa mudknkf[kyk Hkh laHko gqvkA ,d O;fä] ftlds ikl isV Hkj[kkuk gS] 'kjhj <adus ds fy, diM+k gS vkSj ,d vPNhftanxh gS] mlds fy, vius fy, ukSdjh ryk'kuk Hkhvklku gSA Hkw[ks isV rks og ukSdjh Hkh ugha <wa< ldrk gSAjk"Vªifr yqyk dk eq[; mís'; czkthy ds çR;sd ukxfjddks mRd`"V thou dh xkjaVh nsuk gS ftlls flQZ dqNyksx gh ugha] lHkh ukxfjd ns'k dh rjDdh dk fgLlk culdsaA

5½ czkthy ds jk"Vªh; lkekftd lqj{kk laLFkku¼vkbZ,u,l,l½us gky gh esa ,d fjiksVZ çdkf'kr dh Fkhftlesa crk;k x;k Fkk fd ogka 60 lky ds iq#"k vius lsvkèkh mez dh efgykvksa ls 'kknh dj jgs gSaA mudh e`R;qds ckn mudh ;qok foèkok isa'ku ykHk gkfly djrh gSa] tksljdkjh vis{kk ls cgqr vfèkd gSA D;k ;g Hkh ,d leL;kgS\ bl ckjs esa vki yksx D;k dj jgs gSa\

lhbZth& ge bl leL;k ls okfdQ gSaA ;g dkuwu dh=qfV gSA eSa bls =qfV blfy, dg jgk gwa D;ksafd dkuwu esa,slk dgha ugha dgk x;k gS fd ,d ;qok ;k ;qorh viusls cgqr vfèkd mez okys O;fä ls fookg ugha dj ldrsAo"kZ 2007 esa vk;ksftr isa'ku Qksje ds nkSjku bl fo"k; ijcgqr yach ppkZ gqbZ FkhA bl Qksje esa ljdkjh] Jfed vkSjfu;ksäk laxBuksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa lfgr vusd xSj ljdkjhlaxBuksa ds yksxksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa us Hkkx fy;k FkkAnjvly gesa dqN ,slk djuk pkfg, fd ;qok cqtqxksZa ls'kknh flQZ blfy, u djsa D;ksafd mUgsa mudh e`R;q ds cknisa'ku gfFk;kuh gSA tc vxyh ckj dkuwu esa la'kksèku fd;ktk,xk] rc bl leL;k ls fuiVk tk,xkA

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26

detksj o) % yacs le; ls ns[kHkky dh t:jr

ls&tSls o`)ksa dh la[;k esa rsth ls c<+ksrjhgks jgh gS] fujkfJr yksxksa dh la[;k Hkh c<+jgh gSA vkt ds nkSj esa o`)ksa dks vkSlrisa'ku fey jgh gS] mlls 'kk;n gh mudhvPNh rjg ls ns[kHkky dh ykxr fudy

ikrh gksA blh dkj.k dqN ns'kksa us ,slh vfuok;Z chekç.kkfy;ka viukbZ gSa] ftlls ifjokj ds cw<+s lnL;ksa dksenn feys vkSj mldk dqN Hkkj jkT; vkSj vke yksxogu djsaA ,aMª;w fcch fodkl'khy vkSj mHkjrs ns'kksa esadk;e ,slh gh ç.kkfy;ksa dh iM+rky dj jgs gSaA

;g ,d ,slh dgkuh gS ftlls fczVsu dk jk"Vªh; çsl

fgy x;kA ;g ,d ,slh efgyk M‚DVj dh dgkuh gS

ftlus viuk iwjk thou lHkh dks fu'kqYd LokLF;

ns[kHkky nsus dh fn'kk esa lefiZr dj fn;k FkkA uCcs

lky dh gksus ij mUgsa ,d LVªksd gqvk vkSj viuh ckn

dh ftanxh mUgsa uflZax gkse esa fcrkuh iM+hA mUgksaus

viuh iwjh ftanxh ftl dke dks lefiZr dh] ml dke

dh ,ot esa mUgsa ljdkjh LokLF; ;kstuk dk ykHk ugha

fey ldk] blfy, muds ifjokj dks muds bykt ds

fy, viuk ?kj cspuk iM+kA

mudh csVh us xqLls esa dgk Fkk % ^esjh eka mu lkglh

efgykvksa esa ls ,d Fkh ftUgksaus ml le; M‚DVjksa dks

çf'kf{kr fd;k Fkk] tc flQZ ,d vLirky efgyk

esfMdy LVwMsaV~l dks nkf[kyk fn;k djrk FkkA* mudh

csVh us çsl ls dgk Fkk fd mldh eka dks vxj ;g ekywe

pyrk fd mUgsa dksbZ ljdkjh lgk;rk ugha feyh rks mUgsa

cgqr nq[k gksrkA

ftl çdkj nh?kkZofèk dh LokLF; ns[kHkky dk foÙk

iks"k.k fd;k tkrk gS] ml rjhds ij u dsoy fczVsu]

cfYd foÜo ds vusd ns'kksa esa ppkZ dh tkrh gSA bl

rjg dh ns[kHkky eq[;r;k cw<+s yksxksa ds fy, gksrh gS

vkSj yxHkx gj fodflr ns'k esa 80 ikj ds yksxksa dh

la[;k rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA nh?kkZofèk dh ns[kHkky] nwljs

'kCnksa esa dgsa rks] lkoZtfud uhfr;ksa ds fy, fpark dk

fo"k; gSA lykgdkj crkrs gSa fd o"kZ 1945 ds ckn

tula[;k foLQksV ds fy, mÙkjnk;h ^csch cwelZ* Hkh vkus

okys chl lkyksa esa cw<+s gksus okys gSaA

nh?kkZofèk dh ns[kHkky esa cqfu;knh fpfdRlk lsok vkSj

jkstkuk dh lkekU; xfrfofèk;ksa ¼tSls diM+s èkksus] ugkus]

diM+s iguus] [kkuk [kkus] fcLrj ij ysVus&fcLrj ls

mBus] vkus&tkus vkSj ckFk:e dk bLrseky djus½ esa

enn ds lkFk iquokZl 'kkfey gSA fdlh LVªksd] ºn; jksx]

Lej.k 'kfä [kRe gksus ¼vYtkbelZ½ ;k fdlh nwljh rjg

dh 'kkjhfjd vleFkZrk ;k ekufld n'kk fcxM+us ij Hkh

,slh enn dh t:jr iM+rh gSA

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27

igys cw<+ksa dh ns[kHkky dk ftEek ifjokj ds lnL;ksa

dk gksrk Fkk] fo'ks"k :i ls efgykvksa dk] tks fd cw<+s

yksxksa ds lkFk gh ?kj esa jgrh FkhaA ysfdu lkekftd

cnyko gq, vkSj fLFkfr cny xbZA cgqr ls yksx ;g

ekurs gSa fd ifjokj ds lnL;ksa }kjk gh o`)ksa dh ns[kHkky

djuk] ,d vPNk rjhdk Fkk] fQj Hkh ,sls çcaèku chrs

fnuksa dh ckr gks x,A vc cPps cM+s gksus ij ifjokj ls

nwj jgus yxs vkSj Je 'kfä esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh

c<+ xbZA bldk lhèkk vlj cw<+ksa dh ns[kHkky ij iM+kA

bldk lcls vklku rjhdk ;g gS fd lkekftd

lqj{kk çcaèkksa esa nh?kkZofèk dh ns[kHkky dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k

tk,A dksfj;k x.kjkT; us ,slk gh ,d çcaèk fd;k gSA

ogka o`)ksa ds fy, nh?kkZofèk dh chek ç.kkyh dks çLrkfor

fd;k x;k gSA ;gka dh ukS çfr'kr vkcknh ¼;k 50 yk[k

yksx½ 65 lky ls vfèkd mez ds gSa vkSj buesa ls 10 yk[k

ds djhc Lej.k 'kfä detksj iM+us] fny dh chekfj;ksa

vkSj nwljh chekfj;ksa ds f'kdkj gSaA dksfj;k esa Hkh o`)ksa

dh la[;k rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA o"kZ 2020 rd ogka dh

15 çfr'kr vkcknh 65 o"kZ ls Åij dh gks tk,xh vkSj

o"kZ 2030 rd ns'k dh ,d pkSFkkbZ vkcknh bl lewg esa

'kkfey gks tk,xhA

dksfj;k us lkekftd chek ds ekè;e ls jk"Vªh;

,dkRedrk ds fl)kar dks Lohdkj fd;kA gky ds o"kksZa esa

fofHkUu ns'kksa us ftl çdkj lkekftd lqj{kk ;kstukvksa

dks fodflr fd;k gS] ;g mUgha esa ls ,d gSA vkbZ,yvks

dks dksfj;k ds bl ç;kl esa [kklh #fp gSA laxBu viuh

LFkkiuk ds le; ls gh lkekftd laj{k.k ds i;kZIr Lrjksa

ds fodkl dks çksRlkfgr dj jgk gSA

fiNys lky ubZ lkekftd chek uhfr ykxw djus ds

ckn dksfj;k Hkh mu ns'kksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey gks x;k tks

lkekftd uhfr ds ekè;e ls nh?kkZofèk dh ns[kHkky çnku

dj jgs gSaA ;gka teZuh dk mnkgj.k Hkh fy;k tk ldrk

gSA o"kZ 1995 esa ;gka lkoZtfud uhfr çLrkfor dh xbZ

tks ns'k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks miyCèk gSA ;gka fu;ksäk

o deZpkjh] Lojkstxkj çkIr vkSj lsokfuo`Ùk] lHkh yksx

va'knku dk Hkqxrku djrs gSa tksfd vusd lkyksa ls ns'k

dh 1-7 çfr'kr ldy vk; cu pqdh gSA tc bl ;kstuk

dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ] rc ykHk Hkh fuèkkZfjr fd, x, Fks

ftldk vFkZ ;g gS fd rc ls vc rd ;kstuk ds

okLrfod ykHk esa èkhjs&èkhjs fxjkoV gqbZ gSA

fiNys lky teZuh us ykHk ds Lrjksa vkSj va'knku dh

njksa esa la'kksèku fd;k tks vc c<+dj 1-95 çfr'kr gks xbZ

gS ¼ftuds cPps ugha gSa] mUgsa dqN vfrfjä çhfe;e nsuk

gksrk gS½A bu cnykoksa ij rRdkyhu la?kh; LokLF; ea=h

myk f'eM dk dguk gS fd ge cw<+s yksxksa dh çfr"Bk

cuk, j[kuk pkgrs gSa vkSj mUgsa ,d vPNk thou çnku

djuk pkgrs gSaA

o`)ksa dh çfr"Bk dks cjdjkj j[kuk

myk dk c;ku crkrk gS fd pqukSrh cgqr cM+h gSA

ljdkj vfèkd lalkèku nsus] ?kj vkSj laLFkkxr ns[kHkky

dks ,dhd`r djus vkSj ifjokjksa dks cw<+ksa dh ftEesnkjh

mBkus ds fy, çksRlkfgr djus dks çfrc) gSA vkbZ,yvks

dk y{; ;g gS fd lHkh dks LokLF; ns[kHkky feys] ij

bldk ekè;e flQZ fpfdRlk ns[kHkky nsuk ugha gSA ge

lekt esa ,dhdj.k dks c<+kok nsdj] lkekftd vk;keksa ij

è;ku nsrs gq, ;g dk;Z djuk pkgrs gSaA ,slk dguk gS

vkbZ,yvks dh ofj"B LokLF; uhfr fo'ks"kK tsfu;k 'gsy

,Myqax dkA

tsfu;k ds vuqlkj] blh çdkj ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk

ldrk gS fd ?kj ij ;k fdlh laLFkk esa ftl çdkj dh

lsok çnku dh tk jgh gS] mls ns[krs gq, oLrq vkSj udn]

nksuksa çdkj ds ykHk miyCèk gSaA nksuksa dks bl çdkj rS;kj

fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd budk ykHk t:jrean rd igqapsA

og dgrh gSa] ^nwljk igyq ns[kHkky dh xq.koÙkk dks >>

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28

lqfuf'pr djuk gS] fo'ks"k :i ls vxj udn ykHk çnku

fd;k tk jgk gS rks xq.koÙkk ds D;k ek;us gksaxsA bl lanHkZ

esa ;g lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh t:jh gS fd cgqr detksj cw<+s

yksxksa dks viuh mez ds dkj.k mRihM+u dk lkeuk u djuk

iM+sA*

cw<+ksa ds fy, nh?kkZofèk dh ns[kHkky dh ykxr Hkh

rhljk egRoiw.kZ igyq gSA o"kZ 2005 esa vksbZlhMh ns'kksa }kjk

çdkf'kr vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] ;g vyx&vyx ns'kksa esa

vyx&vyx gS % LohMu vkSj ukoZs vius ldy ?kjsyw

mRikn dk dze'k% 2-74 çfr'kr vkSj 2-15 çfr'kr bl fn'kk

esa O;; djrs gSa] tcfd vU; fodflr ns'kksa esa nh?kkZofèk

dh ns[kHkky ij cgqr de O;; fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k

ds fy, U;wthySaM esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk dsoy 0-68

çfr'kr vkSj vk;jySaM esa 0-62 çfr'kr gh bu ;kstukvksa

ij [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA gkykafd bu ns'kksa esa 65 o"kZ ls

vfèkd mez ds yksxksa dh la[;k vis{kkd`r de gSA

vksbZlhMh us efgykvksa dh ijaijkxr Hkwfedk ij Hkh

cgqr è;ku dsafær fd;k gS tks ifjokj dh ns[kHkky ls tqM+k

jgk gSA laxBu dk dguk gS fd viax cw<+s yksxksa dh

ns[kHkky dk ftEek xSj vkuqikfrd :i ls flQZ efgykvksa

ij ugha Mkyk tkuk pkfg,A bl eqís ij tkiku esa O;kid

ppkZ gqbZA ;gka cw<+ksa dh ns[kHkky ls tqM+s xksYM Iyku ¼tks

cgqr egaxh ;kstuk gS½ esa lqèkkj dh ckr dgh tk jgh FkhA

ppkZ esa bl ckr ij fpark trkbZ xbZ fd efgyk,a dbZ ckj

viuh ijaijkxr ftEesnkjh ds dkj.k cgqr caèkk gqvk eglwl

djrh gSaA o"kZ 1996 esa LokLF; o dY;k.k ea=ky; dh

fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd ^dqN ifjokjksa esa ifjokj ds lnL;ksa

}kjk cw<+ksa dh ns[kHkky djuk can dj fn;k x;kA*

ySafxd lekurk ds eqís ls vyx ,d ckr vkSj gSA

vxj efgyk,a ns[kHkky dh ftEesnkjh mBkus ds fy, dke

djuk NksM+ nsaxh rks nwljh rjg dh leL;k,a [kM+h gksaxhA

vksbZlhMh dk dguk gS fd ;wjksih; ns'kksa ls feys mnkgj.kksa

ls lkQ gS fd vxj efgyk,a ns[kHkky dh ftEesnkjh mBkrh

gSa rks oSrfud dke ds muds ?kaVs de gksrs gSa vkSj ckn ds

o"kksZa esa os iw.kZdkfyd jkstxkj esa okil ugha ykSV ikrhaA

vksbZlhMh fjiksVZ dk dguk gS % ^nh?kkZofèk dh ns[kHkky ij

gksus okys ekSfæd O;; ij fopkj djuk] nh?kkZofèk dh

ns[kHkky dh vkfFkZd ykxr fu;r djus dk ladh.kZ ekè;e

gS] pwafd ;g ifjokj ds lnL;ksa }kjk ns[kHkky dh

voljoknh ykxr dks utjankt djrk gS] tks vU;Fkk

oSrfud Je esa dk;Zjr gksrsA*

cs'kd] ;g dksbZ lekèkku ugha fd ge vius cqtqxksZa

dks o`)kJeksa esa Qsad nsa vkSj os viuh ftanxh dk vkf[kjh

le; ,sls ekgkSy esa fcrkus ds etcwj gksa tgka mudh

ijokg djus okyk dksbZ u gks] I;kj djus okyk dksbZ u

gksA ij ;g Hkh lp gS fd o`)ksa dk 'kkjhfjd vkSj foÙkh;

cks> flQZ ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ij ugha Mkyk tkuk pkfg,A

gekjs lekt ds lkeus ;g ,d cM+h pqukSrh gS fd fdl

çdkj dk;Z ds ?kaVksa dks bl çdkj foHkkftr fd;k tk,

fd ihf<+;ksa ds chp lkSgkæZ c<+sA teZuh] tkiku vkSj

dksfj;k x.kjkT; esa mBk, x, dneksa ls Li"V gS fd ubZ

rjg ls ijaijkxr lkekftd lqj{kk çcaèkksa dks fodflr

fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl çdkj bl y{; dks gkfly

fd;k tk ldrk gSA

>>

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ladV ds nkSj esa csjkstxkjh chek

loha 'krkCnh dh 'kq#vkr esa] ukSdfj;ksaxaok pqds Jfedksa dh enn nsus okysdk;ZØe Je cktkjksa dk eq[; fo'ks"krk Fks

vkSj vkt ;g foÜo ds 70 ls vfèkd ns'kksa esa pyk,tk jgs gSaA ij rc Hkh ;s fookn ds ?ksjs esa Fks] vkSjvkt Hkh gSaA Je dh nqfu;k us blh eqís ij Jecktkj fo'ks"kK tsukbu cxZ ls vfèkd tkudkjhgkfly djuh pkghA tsukbu vkbZ,yvks fo'ks"kK gSaA

Je dh nqfu;k & foÜo O;kih vkfFkZd vkSj foÙkh;ladV ds lanHkZ esa csjkstxkjh chek fdruk egRoiw.kZgS\

tsukbu cxZ& gky ds varjjk"Vªh; ladV us ,d ckj fQjcsjkstxkjh chek dh egÙkk Li"V dh gSA csjkstxkjh chekukSdjh NwVus ij Jfedksa ij vkus okys foÙkh; cks> dks udsoy de djrk gS] cfYd [kir c<+kdj eanh ds vlj dksde djus esa Hkh enn djrk gSA vusd ns'kksa esa csjkstxkjksadks laj{k.k nsus okyh ;kstukvksa dk vHkko gS] tcfd cgqrls ns'kksa esa ;kstuk,a rks gSa] ij lHkh yksx muds varxZr ughavkrsA ladV ds nkSj esa] uhfr çfrfdz;k ds :i esa]csjkstxkjh chek dks egRo nsrs gq, fofHkUu ns'kksa dks u,dk;Zdzeksa dks çLrkfor djuk pkfg, vkSj ekStwnk dk;Zdzeksadks foLrkj nsuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy, vesfjdk vkSjczkthy tSls ns'kksa us csjkstxkjh ykHkksa dks ladV ij viuhfoÙkh; çfrfdz;k ds vax ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;kA fdlhdks csjkstxkjh chek nsus dh vofèk c<+kuk ,d egRoiw.kZmik; gS] ysfdu buds lkFk gh ,slh uhfr;ksa dh Hkh t:jrgS ftuds rgr mu yksxksa dks Hkh ykHk çkIr gks ftUgsa vcrd ,sls ykHk ugha feys gSaA

Je dh nqfu;k & csjkstxkjh dh {kfriwfrZ ds vU;rjhds D;k gSa\

tsukbu cxZ& csjkstxkjksa dks vU; rjhdksa ls Hkh {kfriwfrZnh tkrh gS& i`FkDd.k ds QyLo:i osru] csjkstxkjh chek]csjkstxkjh lgk;rk] Je ;kstuk,a vkSj ijaijkxr rjhds lsjkgr çnku djdsA buesa ls çR;sd çdkj vyx&vyx

uhfrxr y{;ksa ls lac) gSA buds lgorÊ ykHk Hkh gSa vkSjdbZ fLFkfr;ksa esa Jfedksa] fu;ksäkvksa vkSj ljdkjksa dks bulsvlqfoèkk Hkh gSA fQj Hkh ,sls lHkh dk;ZØe Jfedksa dhenn djrs gSa fd os viuh ukSdjh NwVus dh leL;k lsfuiV ldsa vkSj bl çdkj eanh ds vkfFkZd çHkko dks dedjus esa Hkh lgk;rk feyrh gSA

Je dh nqfu;k & csjkstxkjksa dks feyus okyh fofHkUuçdkj dh lgk;rk ds chp D;k varj gS\

tsukbu cxZ& tc dksbZ fu;ksäk jkstxkj vuqcaèk dkslekIr djds] fdlh deZpkjh dks dke ls gVkrk gS rks mlsi`FkDdj.k osru fn;k tkrk gSA i`FkDdj.k osru dkuwu dsvèkhu daifu;ka viuh Je'kfä ij vfèkd fuos'k djrh gSa]Je'kfä lacaèkh vfèkd la;kstuksa ds dkj.kA vkykspdksa dkdguk gS fd ;g uhfr xfr'khyrk dk mYya?ku djrh gS]tksfd vkfFkZd ladV ds nkSjku daiuh dh foÙkh; fLFkfrdks vkSj cnrj dj ldrh gS] vkSj vxj daiuh fnokfy;kgks xbZ rks Jfedksa dks feyus okys ykHkksa ls gkFk èkksuk iM+ldrk gSA >>

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csjkstxkjh chek dk foÙk iks"k.k fu;ksäkvksa] Jfedksa vkSjljdkjksa }kjk fn, tkus okys va'knku ls gksrk gSA bldsekè;e ls fudkys x, Jfedksa dks foÙkh; laj{k.k feyrkgS] lkFk gh lkFk ;g lqfuf'pr gksrk gS fd Jfedksa ds ikl,slh nwljh ukSdjh <wa<us ds fy, i;kZIr le; gS tks mudsn{krk ds Lrj ds vuqdwy gksA blh çdkj vFkZO;oLFkk dhlewph mRikndrk esa lqèkkj gksrk gS vkSj iqufuZekZ.k çfØ;klqdj gksrh gSA fQj Hkh] bl ;kstuk dh ;g dgrs gq,vkykspuk dh tkrh gS fd vxj csjkstxkjh ykHk cgqrT;knk gq, rks Jfed dke djus dh ctk; [kkyh jguk ghilan djsaxsA

csjkstxkjh lgk;rk ,d ijhf{kr dk;ZØe gS tks muJfedksa dh enn djrk gS tks cgqr T;knk t:jrean gSaAijaijkxr rjhdk] ;kuh jkgr dk;Zdze Hkh lcls T;knkt:jreanksa dks lkekftd lgk;rk nsrs gSaA Je dk;Zdze dsrgr dke ds cnys U;wure ;k mlls FkksM+k de osru fn;ktkrk gS] dHkh&dHkh osru dh ctk; mrus gh ewY; dhoLrq nsdj Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA

Je dh nqfu;k & ,sfrgkfld :i ls ns[kk tk, rkscsjkstxkjksa dks lgk;rk nsus dh voèkkj.kk dksLohdkj djus esa yksxksa dks cgqr oä yxk\

tsukbu cxZ& ljdkj çk;ksftr lkekftd lgk;rk dh'kq#vkr o"kZ 1598 esa bafXy'k iqvj y‚t ds lkFk gqbZ FkhAblds rgr efgykvksa] cPpksa vkSj xjhc cw<+ksa dks foÙkh;lgk;rk nh tkrh FkhA 19 oha 'krkCnh esa] Jfed laxBuksa]Jfed la?kksa vkSj vU; lewgksa dh otg ls csjkstxkjksa dkslgk;rk fn, tkus dh ckr dh tkus yxhA ij fofHkUu ns'kksadh ljdkjsa csjkstxkjksa dks fdlh Hkh çdkj dk laj{k.k nsusdks jkth ugha FkhaA ,slk o"kZ 1905 rd pyrk jgkA chloha'krkCnh esa gh ,slh dzkafrdkjh ç.kkyh ykbZ xbZ ftlds rgrcsjkstxkjh chek tSls çcaèk ij yksxksa dh lgefr cuhA

vkbZ,yvks ds varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu esa o"kZ 1919 esalcls igys ftl flQkfj'k dks Lohd`fr nh xbZ] og

csjkstxkjh ls tqM+h flQfj'k FkhA blds rgr flQkfj'k dhxbZ Fkh fd laxBu ds çR;sd lnL; ns'k dks csjkstxkjhchek dh dkjxj ç.kkyh dks LFkkfir djuk pkfg,A rcvusd ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa LoSfPNd vkèkkj ij ;kstuk,a 'kq:dh xbZa vkSj fQj çfrLFkkiu nj vkSj ykHk dh vofèkc<+kdj mUgsa vfuok;Z vkSj mnkj cuk;k x;kA 1990 rd,d fuf'pr vofèk] tSls Ng eghus ls ysdj ,d lky]rd bl ykHk dks ysus ds fy, vfrfjä 'krZ yxkbZ tkrhFkh] ftlls Je cktkj ,dhdj.k dks lqèkkjk tk lds vkSjyacs le; rd csjkstxkjh ds Lrj dks de fd;k tk ldsA

Je dh nqfu;k & vusd Je cktkjksa dh c<+rhvukSipkfjdrk dks ns[krs gq, D;k csjkstxkjh chekmfpr igy gS\

tsukbu cxZ& fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa 'kgjh vukSipkfjd {ks=dh ekStwnxh fujh{k.k dks dfBu cukrh gSA tSlk vkykspddgrs gSa] ;g yksxksa ds fy, Qk;nsean gS fd os vukSipkfjd{ks= esa dke djsa ftlls mUgsa csjkstxkjh ykHk feyrs jgsaAfQj Hkh vukSipkfjd {ks= ds lanHkZ esa ;g ckr dgh tkldrh gS fd cgqr ls Jfedksa dks ykHk çkIr ugha Hkh gksrkA;gka lcls t:jh ;g ckr gS fd ,sls dk;Zdze cuk, tk,aftlls Je'kfä dh t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsAljdkj dks lfdz; Je cktkj uhfr;ksa ds lkFk fdlh çdkjdh chek ç.kkyh] ftls ljdkj] fu;ksäk o Jfed foÙkiksf"kr djsa] pykuh pkfg,A bu uhfr;ksa dk foÙk iks"k.k Hkhrks ljdkj gh djrh gSA buesa çf'k{k.k dk;Zdze] Jedk;Zdze] m|eksa dks jkstxkj lcflMh vkSj Je cktkj lslac) lsok,a 'kkfey dh tk ldrh gSaA

Je dh nqfu;k& D;k csjkstxkjh chek fodkl'khyns'kksa ds fy, mi;qä gS\

tsukbu cxZ& vkt ds eè;e vk; okys fodkl'khy ns'kèkuh vkSj vkS|ksxhd`r gSa] mrus gh ftrus fodflr vkSjvkS|ksxhd`r ns'k rc Fks] tc mUgksaus csjkstxkjh chek dh'kq#vkr dh FkhA vxj eè;e vk; okys fodkl'khy ns'kfuf'pr djsa fd os csjkstxkjh chek dk;Zdze Lohd`r djrsgSa] rks mUgsa nwljs dk;Zdzeksa dh Hkh t:jr iM+ ldrh gS]tSls yksd dk;Z ;k çf'k{k.k dk;Zdze] ftlls ;g lqfuf'prgks fd dfBu le; esa laj{k.k dk;Zdzeksa rd vukSipkfjdJfedksa dh igqap Hkh cusA

>>

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foÙkh; ladV jkstxkj dks nh?kZdky rd çHkkfordjrk gSA csjkstxkjh nj dks Hkh ladV iwoZ ds Lrjrd okil ykSVus esa vkSlru ikap lky yx tkrsgSaA gka] Je cktkj dh cgkyh esa gj ns'k dksviuk&viuk] fHkUu&fHkUu le; yxrk gSAvtZsaVhuk vkSj dksfj;k x.kjkT; nks ,sls ns'k gSatgka ladV ds nkSjku ,sls jkstxkj dk;Zdze 'kq:fd, x, ftuds ifj.kkeLo:i mu ns'kksa dks ladViwoZ ds jkstxkj Lrj rd okil ykSVus esa rhu lkydk le; yxkA

;gka ladV çfrfdz;k ds dsaæ esa fuEufyf[kr fcanq Fks %

● O;kid jkstxkj mik; % vtZsaVhuk ds ts¶l dk;Zdzeus mu ifjokjksa dks lg;ksx çnku fd;k ftudkeqf[k;k foÙkh; ladV ds ifj.kkeLo:i csjkstxkjgqvk FkkA bl dk;Zdze ls 11 çfr'kr lfdz; vkcknhdks ykHk çkIr gqvk vkSj csjkstxkjh 2-5 çfr'kr fcanqrd de gqbZA bldh ykxr] tksfd ldy ?kjsywmRikn dk 0-5&1 çfr'kr Fkh] vis{kkd`r lhfer FkhAdksfj;k x.kjkT; ds lfdz; Je cktkj dk;Zdze dsekè;e ls jkstxkj ds bPNqd yksxksa dh n{krk vkSjdk;Z vuqHko esa lqèkkj gqvkA ladV ds çkjaHk gksus dsrRdky ckn bl dk;Zdze dks ykxw fd;k x;k]ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i nh?kZdkyhu csjkstxkjh vkSjlkekftd cfg"dj.k ds tksf[ke esa deh vkbZA yksdfuekZ.k dk;Zdze us 70 çfr'kr csjkstxkjksa ¼;gkacsjkstxkjksa dh dqy la[;k 17 yk[k gS½dks jkstxkjçnku fd;k ftlls csjkstxkjh nj esa nks çfr'kr fcanqdh deh vkbZA gkykafd vfu;fer jkstxkj] ftlesa

ladV ds nkSjku o`f) gqbZ] vc Hkh osru vlekurkds çeq[k dkj.kksa esa ls ,d gSA

● NksVs vkSj eè;e ntZs ds m|eksa dks lg;ksx % dksfj;kx.kjkT; us viuh j.kuhfr ds egRoiw.kZ vax ds :iesa NksVs vkSj eè;e ntZs ds m|eksa esa fuos'k ds fy,_.k çnku fd;kA blds vfrfjä dksfj;k ljdkjus cSadksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;k fd os NksVh QeksZa dksçR;{k _.k çnku djsaA

● lkekftd laj{k.k % vtZsaVhuk us U;wure isa'ku dsnk;js dks c<+kdj mlesa mu vfrfjä 17 yk[k yksxksadks 'kkfey fd;k] ftUgsa lkekftd lqj{kk çkIr ughaFkhA nwljh rjQ vtZsaVhuk us jkstxkj chek nk;js vkSjykHk dh vofèk c<+kbZA bldh ykxr vis{kkd`r deFkh vkSj bldk foÙk iks"k.k fu;ksäkvksa ,oa deZpkfj;ksads va'knku }kjk gksrk gSA bu ç;klksa dh ykxr o"kZ1999 esa tgka pje ij Fkh] ;kuh ldy ?kjsyw mRikndk 1-4 çfr'kr] ogha o"kZ 2001 esa ;g ?kVdj 0-3çfr'kr gks xbZA

ladV ds nkSj esa lkekftd laj{k.k

o"kZ 2009 esa cgjhu O;kid Je cktkj lqèkkj ds lanHkZesa csjkstxkjh chek ;kstuk ykxw djus okyk igyk ns'kcukA ,slh ;kstuk dh mi;ksfxrk dk vkdyu ds fy,vkbZ,yvks us viuk rduhdh lg;ksx çnku fd;kAlaxBu us foèks;d dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k vkSj mldsdk;kZUo;u esa enn nhA

bl ;kstuk esa lHkh Jfed 'kkfey gSa] Hkys gh osnwljs ns'kksa ds gksaA bldk foÙk iks"k.k Jfedksa] fu;ksäkvksarFkk ljdkj ds va'knku }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA rhuksa i{kksa}kjk osru dh ,d çfr'kr ds cjkcj èkujkf'k nh tkrhgSA bl csjkstxkjh chek ;kstuk }kjk jkstxkj ds bPNqdyksxksa dks nks çdkj ls ykHk çnku fd;k tkrk gS % ¼1½,d U;wure vofèk rd va'knku çnku djus okys yksxksadks vk; ls lacafèkr csjkstxkjh eqvkotk fn;k tkrk gS]vkSj ¼2½ tks igyh ckj ukSdjh dh ryk'k dj jgs gSa ;k

ftu yksxksa us ,d U;wure vofèk rd va'knku ugha fn;kgS] mUgsa ,d leku nj dh csjkstxkjh lgk;rk çnku dhtkrh gSA

o"kZ 2008 ds var esa lcls de c[kkZLrxh ds dkj.k];kstuk us vc rd eqvkots ds dqN gh ekeys fuiVk,gSaA fQj Hkh] foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ds dkj.k]vxj Hkfo"; esa c[kkZLrxh dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh gksrhgS rks ,slh ç.kkyh Hkh ekStwn gS tks jkstxkj ds bPNqdyksxksa dks vk; lqj{kk çnku djsA lkFk gh dqNvfrfjä ç;klksa] tSls çf'k{k.k dk;Zdze esa Hkkxhnkjhdjus ij udn ykHk] mUgsa jkstxkj ds vuqdwy cukusrFkk jkstxkj dk;kZy;ksa ds ekè;e ls dfj;j lacaèkhekxZn'kZu }kjk yksxksa dks jkstxkj esa ykSVus esa lfØ;lg;ksx nsA

cgjhu esa csjkstxkjh chek % eè; iwoZ esa ,d vuqdj.kh; ;kstuk

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fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa oSÜohdj.k vkSj vukSipkfjd jkstxkj

Qhpj cqd

vkbZ,yvks] MCY;wVhvks us O;kikjvkSj vukSipkfjd jkstxkj ijfd;k la;qä vè;;ufodkl'khy ns'kksa esa oSÜohdj.k vkSj vukSipkfjd jkstxkj

l vè;;u esa ;g Li"V gqvk fd fodkl'khyns'kksa esa vukSipkfjd jkstxkj dh cgqyrk dsdkj.k eqä O;kikj djus dh ns'k dh {kerkçHkkfor gksrh gS vkSj ;s ns'k ykHk ls oafpr

jg tkrs gSaA blh otg ls etnwj jkstxkj ladze.kdks etcwj gksrs gSa vkSj xjhch ds nq'pdz esa Qalsjgrs gSaA ;g 'kksèk vè;;u vkbZ,yvks ds varjjk"Vªh;Je vè;;u laLFkku vkSj MCywVhvks ds lfpoky;}kjk la;qä :i ls djk;k x;k FkkA

oSÜohdj.k vkSj vukSipkfjd jkstxkj ds chp lacaèkdk eqík bl vè;;u dk eq[; fo"k; FkkA vè;;u esaik;k x;k fd vusd fodkl'khy ns'kks a esa vukSipkfjdjkstxkj dh cgqyrk gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i gtkjksaJfed fcuk fdlh jkstxkj lqj{kk ds dke djus dksetcwj gSaA mudh vk; de gS vkSj mUgsa fdlh çdkjdk dksbZ lkekftd laj{k.k çkIr ugha gSA fofHkUu ns'kks aesa vukSipkfjd jkstxkj dk Lrj vyx&vyx gSA dqNySfVu vesfjdh ns'kks a esa ;g 30 çfr'kr ls de gS]

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tcfd mi lgkjk vÝhdk vkSj nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds dqNns'kks a esa 80 çfr'kr ls Hkh vfèkdA

McY;wVhvks egkfuns'kd ikLdy ySeh ds lkFk blvè;;u dks tkjh djrs gq, vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kdgqvku lksekfo;k us dgk] ^ge vius vuqHko ls tks ckrdgrs vk, gSa] bl vè;;u ls mlh ckr dh iqf"V gksrhgS fd mRd`"V Je mís';ksa vkSj O;kikj] foÙkh; vkSj Jecktkj uhfr;ksa ds chp laiwjdrk dks çksRlkfgr djds]fodkl'khy ns'kks a dks eqä O;kikj ls vfèkd ykHk çkIrgksxkA blh ds ekè;e ls oSÜohdj.k ds lkekftdvk;keksa dh çxfr gksxh vkSj ekStwnk ladV ls fuiVusesa enn feysxhA* Jh lksekfo;k us ;g Hkh dgk fd ^;ghckr th 20 ds gky ds vkºoku esa Hkh çfrèofur gksrhgSA th 20 us gky gh esa dgk Fkk fd ,slh cgkyh;kstukvksa dks ykxw fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks mRd`"V Jedks çksRlkfgr djsa] jkstxkj dks lajf{kr j[kus esa enndjsa vkSj jkstxkj o`f) dks çkFkfedrk nsa--- vk;]lkekftd laj{k.k çnku djuk tkjh j[ksa] csjkstxkjksavkSj mu yksxksa dks çf'kf{kr djus esa lgk;rk nsa ftudkjkstxkj lcls T;knk ladV esa gksA*

vfèkdrj futh vkSj viathd`r m|e gh vukSipkfjdjkstxkj çnku djrs gSa] ,sls m|e tks jk"Vªh; dkuwu ;kfu;e ds varxZr ugha vkrsA bu m|eksa esa dksbZlkekftd laj{k.k çnku ugha fd;k tkrkA buls tqM+usokys yksx vfèkdrj Lojkstxkj çkIr yksx ;k mudsifjokj ds lnL; gksrs gSaA vfèkdrj ekeyksa esavukSipkfjd jkstxkj dk Lrj mPp gS vkSj dqN ns'kks a]fo'ks"kdj ,f'k;kbZ ns'kks a esa] blesa o`f) gks jgh gSA

bl ekSds ij Jh ySeh us dgk] ^O;kikj us foÜo Lrjij fodkl vkSj o`f) esa lg;ksx fn;k gSA fdarq bldk;g vFkZ ugha fd blls jkstxkj dh xq.koÙkk esa Hkh lqèkkjgqvk gSA eqä O;kikj ds fy, Hkh t:jh gS fd jkstxkjl`ftr djus ds fy, mfpr ?kjsyw uhfr;ka cukbZ tk,aA;g ekStwnk ladV ls vkSj Li"V gksrk gS ftldsifj.kkeLo:i O;kikj esa deh vkbZ gS vkSj gtkjksa yksxvukSipkfjd {ks= esa dke djus dks foo'k gq, gSaA*

fo'ys"k.kks a esa dgk x;k gS fd vukSipkfjd {ks= ijeqDr O;kikj dk vlj nks ckrksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ,d]ns'k fo'ks"k dh fLFkfr;ksa ij vkSj nwljk] O;kikj vkSj?kjsyw uhfr;ksa dh :ijs[kk ijA bl vè;;u esavuqHkotU; fo'ys"k.k çnf'kZr djrs gSa fd vfèkd eqävFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vukSipkfjd jkstxkj dk Lrj degksrk gSA O;kikj lqèkkjksa ds vYidkfyd çHkkoksa dksigys&igy mPp vukSipkfjd jkstxkj ls tksM+k tkldrk gS] ysfdu nh?kZ dky esa blls vkSipkfjd {ks= dsjkstxkj dks etcwrh feysxh D;ksafd O;kikj lqèkkjjkstxkjksUeq[kh gksrs gSa vkSj blls lgh ?kjsyw uhfr;ka HkhvfLrRo esa vkrh gSaA

vukSipkfjdrk de gksus ls vfrfjä mRiknd rkdrmRlftZr djrh gS] oSfoè;hdj.k dks c<+kok nsrh gS vkSjvarjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij O;kikj dh {kerk dks etcwr djrh

gSA vukSipkfjdrk ds çfrdwy çHkko dks mRikndrkykHk dh deh vkSj daifu;ksa ds detksj gksus ls tksM+djns[kk tk ldrk gSA vukSipkfjdrk dk Lrj mPp gksusij m|ferk vkSj tksf[ke ysus dh {kerk de gksrh gS]ftldk dkj.k [kjkc dj ç.kkyh] detksj lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj fuEu Lrj ds O;kikj fu;e gksrs gSaAvukSipkfjdrk dh gh otg ls ns'kks a dks O;kikj lqèkkjksadk iwjk ykHk ugha fey ikrkA blh otg ls etnwjjkstxkj ladze.k dks etcwj gksrs gSa vkSj xjhch dsnq'pdz esa Qals jgrs gSaA

vukSpikfjd {ks= dh cgqyrk ds dkj.k ladV] tSlsekStwnk ladV gS] ds çfr fodkl'khy ns'kks a dhlaosnu'khyrk c<+rh gSA cM+h vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkkokys ns'k ,sls ladVksa ls vfèkd çHkkfor gksrs gSa vkSjfuEu nh?kZdkyhu o`f) nj dk vuqHko djrs gSaA bldsvfrfjä vukSipkfjd jkstxkj Lopfyr LFkkf;Ro dsvlj dks Hkh de djrk gSA

foÜo cktkj esa ,dhdj.k vkSj mRd`"V Je uhfr;ksads ekè;e ls vukSipkfjd jkstxkj dh leL;k lsfuiVus dks ,d nwljs dk vuqiwjd ekuk tkuk pkfg,Adaifu;ksa vkSj jkstxkj dh vkSipkfjdrk dks lqlkè;cukus ls ns'k dks eqä O;kikj dk iw.kZ ykHk feyrk gS]thou Lrj esa lqèkkj gksrk gS vkSj dk;Z dh mRd`"VfLFkfr;ksa rd Jfedksa dh igqap curh gSA lkekftdlaj{k.k ladze.k dks lg;ksx nsus vkSj eqä O;kikj dsykHkks a dks vuqHkwr djus ds fy, fu.kkZ;d gksrk gSAblfy, lkekftd laj{k.k uhfr;ksa vkSj O;kikj lqèkkjksaij vfèkd è;ku fn, tkus dh t:jr gSA

vè;;u esa dgk x;k gS fd O;kikj lqèkkjksa dks blçdkj rS;kj vkSj ykxw djuk pkfg, fd osjkstxkjksUeq[kh gksaA jkstxkj dk iquvkZaoVu bl çdkjfd;k tk, fd og vkSipkfjd {ks= esa jkstxkj o`f) esalgk;d gksA

;g vè;;u http://ww.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/ publication/wcms_

115087.pdf ij miyCèk gSA

ekdZ cpsVk] bdsgkMZ ,jusLV

vkSj tqvkuk ikvksyk lVsekaVs

}kjk fyf[kr] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks]

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34

th 20 us dgk& ladV cgkyh dsdsaæ esa gksxk vPNk jkstxkj

fiNyh flracj esa] th 20 ns'kksa ds foÜousrkvksa us vkbZ,yvks dh foÜoO;kih jkstxkjlafèk vkSj ^Hkfo"; esa vkfFkZd o`f) ds fy,jkstxkjksUeq[kh <kaps ds fuekZ.k dk Lokxrfd;kA*

fiV~lcxZ esa th 20 ns'kksa ds f'k[kj lEesyu esavkbZ,yvks ds egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k dks vkeaf=rfd;k x;k FkkA bl lEesyu esa mUgksaus jkstxkj vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k ds fy, uhfr;ksa vkSj laHkkoukvksa ij ,dfjiksVZ is'k dhA bl ekSds ij mUgksaus dgk] ^eSa mRd`"V Jedks lg;ksx çnku djus] jkstxkj lajf{kr j[kus vkSjjkstxkj o`f) dks çkFkfedrk nsus esa lgk;d cgkyh;kstukvksa dks dk;kZfUor djus dh foÜo usrkvksa dhçfrc)rk dk Lokxr djrk gwaA*

Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] vkbZ,yvks th 20 ds eap ijJfedksa] m|eksa vkSj leqnk;ksa ds fgrksa dh ckr djukpkgrk gSA

gkykafd fofHkUu ns'kksa ds ç;klksa ds dkj.k fiNys dqNo"kksZa ls foÜo volkn dh voèkkj.kk lekIr gqbZ gSA blsekU;rk çnku djrs gq, foÜo usrkvksa us ,d oäO; tkjhdjrs gq, dgk] ^ge rc rd 'kkar ugha cSB ldrs] tcrd foÜo vFkZO;oLFkk iw.kZ :i ls LoLFk u gks tk,Aesgurd'k ifjokjksa dks mRd`"V ukSdfj;ka ugha fey tk,aA*th 20 ns'kksa ds usrkvksa ds bl la;qä c;ku dks 25 flracjdks vesfjdh jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckek us tkjh fd;kA

Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] ^fiV~lcxZ ls tks lans'k feyk]og ;g gS fd ladV vHkh nwj ugha gqvk gSA o"kZ 2009 esa,d djksM+ 11 yk[k jkstxkj l`ftr djus ds mik; tkjhgSa vkSj vxj csjkstxkjh dks de djuk gS vkSj vfuf'prJe ij dkcw ikuk gS rks bu mik;ksa dks tkjh gh j[kukgksxkA* Jh lksekfo;k us foÜo usrkvksa ls vkxzg fd;k fdftl çdkj mUgksaus cSadksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ç;kl fd,mlh izdkj mUgsa jkstxkj l`tu ds fy, çfrc)rk vkSjLosPNk trkuh gksxhA gkykafd fiV~lcxZ blh fn'kk esamBk;k x;k ,d mfpr dne gSA*

foÜo vFkZO;oLFkk ds çfr foÜo usrkvksa ds vfèkdlarqfyr joS;s dks ns[krs gq, Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] ^cgkyhls vkxs c<+rs gq, vxj ge nh?kZdkyhu o`f) dh ckr dgsa

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35

rks lcls igys gesa vlarqyu dks de djuk gksxk ftlusbl ladV dks vkSj xgjk cuk;k gSA vusd ns'kksa esa osrumRikndrk ls fiNM+ x, ftlls [kir vkSj cpr ds chpvlarqyu dk;e gks x;kA geus vFkZO;oLFkk ij] fo'ks"k :ils foÙk {ks= ij] vfèkd è;ku fn;k vkSj nh?kZdkfydrk dslkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; vk;keksa dks utjankt djfn;kA*

bl lEesyu esa etcwr] nh?kZdkfyd vkSj larqfyr o`f)ds fy, cqfu;knh <kapk rS;kj fd;k x;k rkfd ^,slhfVdkÅ cgkyh çfdz;k lqfuf'pr dh tk lds tks gekjsyksxksa dh t:jr ds fglkc ls vPNh ukSdfj;ksa dk l`tudjsA*

lEesyu esa tkjh fjiksVZ dk 'kh"kZd gS& ^ladV cgkyhds dsaæ esa gksxk vPNk jkstxkjA* bl fjiksVZ ds lkFk foÜousrkvksa us ,slh cgkyh ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds çfrviuh çfrc)rk n'kkZbZ ^tks mRd`"V Je dks lg;ksx çnkudjus] jkstxkj lajf{kr j[kus vkSj jkstxkj o`f) dksçkFkfedrk nsus esa lgk;d gksaA mUgksaus dgk] ^gecsjkstxkjksa vkSj ftuds jkstxkj ij lcls T;knk ladV gS],sls yksxksa dks vk;] lkekftd laj{k.k vkSj çf'k{k.klg;ksx nsuk tkjh j[ksaxsA ge bl ckr ij lger gSa fdekStwnk pqukSfr;ksa dk cgkuk cukdj] varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ijLohdk;Z Je ekudksa dks detksj ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,&u gh mudk vlEeku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g vkÜoklunsrs gq, fd oSfÜod o`f) O;kid Lrj ij ykHkdkjh gS] gesa

vkbZ,yvks ds dk;ZLFky ij ewyHkwr fl)karksa vkSj vfèkdkjksads vuqdwy uhfr;ksa dks dk;kZfUor djuk pkfg,A*

bl fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd ^etcwr] nh?kZdkfydvkSj larqfyr o`f) gsrq cqfu;knh <kaps esa ,sls lajpukRedlqèkkj dh t:jr gS tks vfèkd lfEefyr djus okys Jecktkjksa] lfØ; Je cktkj uhfr;ksa vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{k.kvkSj çf'k{k.k dk;Zdzeks dk l`tu djsA* lEesyu esavkbZ,yvks ls vkxzg fd;k x;k fd laxBu ^,d çf'k{k.kj.kuhfr fodflr djsA*

foÜo usrkvksa us vkbZ,yvks }kjk Lohd`r ^ladV lscgkyh % foÜoO;kih jkstxkj lafèk* dk Lokxr fd;k vkSjdgk fd ^os oknk djrs gSa fd muds ns'k oSÜohdj.k dslkekftd vk;keksa dks vkxs c<+kus okys blds lkekU; <kapsds çeq[k fcanqvksa dks Lohd`r djsaxsA varjjk"Vªh; laLFkkuksadks ladV iwoZ vkSj ladV mijkar ds fo'ys"k.k vkSj uhfrfuekZ.k ds nkSjku vkbZ,yvks ekudksa vkSj jkstxkj lafèk dsç;kstuksa ij Hkh fopkj djuk pkfg,A jkstxkj uhfr;ksa ijfujarj è;ku dsafær jgs] ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,fiV~lcxZ lEesyu ds vè;{k us vesfjdh Je ea=h ls dgkfd os o"kZ 2010 dh 'kq#vkr esa th 20 ns'kksa ds jkstxkjo Je eaf=;ksa ds lkFk ,d cSBd djsaA*

th 20 ns'kksa }kjk fd, x, mik;] ftlls o"kZ 2009es a lqjf{kr jgs ,d djksM+ ls T;knk jkstxkj

foÙkh; ladV dh 'kq#vkr esa gh th 20ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa us tks jkstxkj vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k lacaèkh mik; fd,] mudsifj.kkeLo:i bl lky 70 yk[k ls ,ddjksM+ 11 yk[k jkstxkj cp x,A fiV~lcxZesa flracj ekg esa gq, th 20 ns'kksa ds lEesyuesa vkbZ,yvks dh ,d fjiksVZ esa ;g dgkx;kA 1

vkbZ,yvks us bl fjiksVZ esa ;g vuqeku Hkh trk;k gSfd foÜo Hkj esa o"kZ 2009 ds nkSjku Je cktkj dhvoufr ds dkj.k csjkstxkjh esa o"kZ 2007 dh vis{kk 3djksM+ 90 yk[k ls 6 djksM+ 10 yk[k ds djhc o`f)

1 çksVsfDVax ihiqy] çeksfVax t‚Cl %

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36

gksxhA bl çdkj foÜo Hkj esa csjkstxkjh c<+dj 21 djksM+90 yk[k ls 24 djksM+ 10 yk[k ds djhc gks tk,xhA;g foÜo dk lcls cM+k fjd‚MZ gSA

fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd twu 2009 esa vkbZ,yvks dsf=i{kh; lnL;ksa ¼183 ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa] fu;ksäkvksa ,oaJfedksa½ }kjk Lohd`r lafèk bu ç;kstuksa dks çkIr djusds fy, varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ds uhfr mik; çnku djrh gSA54 ns'kksa esa o"kZ 2008 ds eè; vkSj 30 tqykbZ 2009 dschp fd, x, mik;ksa dh ;g fjiksVZ tkap djrh gSA blesalHkh vk; Lrjksa vkSj {ks=ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSjpkj {ks=ksa ds rgr 32 fof'k"V mik;ksa ij ppkZ dh xbZgSA ;s {ks= gSa] Je ekax dks çksRlkfgr djuk]jkstxkj&jkstxkj ds bPNqd yksxksa&csjkstxkjksa dkslg;ksx] lkekftd laj{k.k vkSj [kk| lqj{kk dks foLrkjnsuk vkSj lkekftd laokn dks ykxw djuk ,oa dk;ZLFkyij vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk djukA

fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd th 20 ns'kksa }kjk mBk,x, dneksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i lqjf{kr ;k l`ftr u,jkstxkj o"kZ 2009 dh igyh Nekgh esa csjkstxkjh esa gqbZdqy o`f) ds 29 ls 43 çfr'kr ds cjkcj gSA bldk vFkZ;g gS fd vxj ;s mik; ugha fd, tkrs rks bu ns'kksa esacsjkstxkjh dh nj vkSj vfèkd gksrhA

vkbZ,yvks dk vè;;u ;g Hkh crkrk gS fd tks Ngmik; fd, x, gSa] os bl çdkj gSa& cqfu;knh <kaps ijvfrfjä O;;] NksVs m|eksa ds fy, lcflMh vkSj VSDlesa dVkSrh] NksVs m|eksa ds fy, _.k] çf'k{k.k dk;ZdzevkSj lqfoèkk,a] fu;ksäk vkSj Jfed laxBuksa ds lkFkijke'kZ vkSj udn gLrkarj.k ds ekè;e ls lkekftdlaj{k.kA ;s mik; foÜoO;kih jkstxkj lafèk esa js[kkafdruhfrxr mik;ksa ds vuqdwy gSaA

fjiksVZ esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd dqN {ks=ksa ijvfrfjä è;ku ugha fd;k x;k] tSls Je rLdjh vkSj

cky Je ij dkcw ikuk] NksVs m|eksa dh ljdkjhfufonkvksa rd igqap c<+kus dks çksRlkgu] {ks=h; Lrj ijijke'kZ dks c<+kok] Je fujh{k.k ds fy, {kerk foLrkjvkSj çoklh Jfedksa dks lqj{kkA

gkykafd 'kq#vkrh mik;ksa ds dsaæ esa jkstxkj dhfxjkoV vkSj lcls laosnu'khy yksxksa ij blds vlj dksde djuk Fkk] vkbZ,yvks dh fjiksVZ dk dguk gS fdcgqr ls ns'k ladV cgkyh ds fy, nwljh rjg ds mik;Hkh dj jgs gSaA ;s ns'k cqfu;knh <kaps esa fuos'k dj jgsgSa vkSj Je'kfä dks <kapkxr cnykoksa] tSls fuEu dkcZumRltZu] ds fy, rS;kj dj jgs gSaA

fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa dks viusjkstxkj vkSj ladV ds çfr lkekftd laj{k.k çfrfdz;kdks etcwr djus ij vfèkd è;ku fn, tkus dh t:jrgSA

çR;sd o"kZ] yxHkx lk<+s pkj djksM+ ;qok foÜo Jecktkj esa nkf[ky gksrs gSaA blls Hkh Je cktkj ijvfrfjä ncko iM+rk gSA oSls Hkh cktkj esa bl le;csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k cgqr vfèkd gSA ;gka ukSdfj;karyk'kus okys grksRlkfgr gSa vkSj cgqr ls yksx vfuPNkls vYidkfyd ¼ikVZVkbe½ Je djus dks etcwj gSaA bulHkh dks feyk fy;k tk, rks foÜo ds lkeus ,d cgqrcM+h jkstxkj pqukSrh vkdj [kM+h gks tkrh gSA vHkh HkhvkSj fudV Hkfo"; ds fy, HkhA etcwr vkfFkZd o`f) vkSjjkstxkj dk mPp Lrj] nksuksa vifjgk;Z gSaA blds fcuk]vxj ladV cgkyh 'kq: gksrh gS rks miyCèk csjkstxkjhesa fxjkoV cgqr o"kksZ a rd dk;e jgrh gSA blfy,fu.kkZ;d dkjZokbZ dh vko';drk gSA

lkekftd lqj{kk % nk;jk c<+kus ds fy,vkbZ,yvks us fd;k vkºoku

rhu fnuksa rd pyh bl mPp Lrjh; cSBd esa

çfrfufèk;ksa us ;g Hkh dgk fd gesa foÜo vFkZO;oLFkkvksa

vkSj lkekftd ladV ls cgqr dqN lh[kus dh t:jr

gSA vius fu"d"kksZ a esa] czkthy ds lkekftd lqj{kk

miea=h dkykZsl ,MqoMkZs xckl ¼ns[ksa i`"B 24 ij

baVjO;w½ us dgk fd lkekftd laj{k.k ;kstukvksa dks

foykflrk dh pht ugha le>k tkuk pkfg, vkSj u gh

tsusok esa 2&4 flracj dks gqbZ cSBd esa 29ns'kksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa] ftlesa Jfed] fu;ksäkvkSj Je ,oa LokLF; ea=h 'kkfey Fks] us ,slhuhfr;ka vkSj mik; lq>k, ftlls foÜo Lrjij lkekftd lqj{kk dh fLFkfr etcwr gksvkSj mldk nk;jk foLr`r gksA

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37

lekt ij cks> le>k tkuk pkfg,A D;ksafd os ladV

dks de djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSa vkSj

LFkkf;Ro ykus dk ,d ekè;e gksrh gSaA

mi ea=h us ;g Hkh dgk fd bl lPpkbZ ds ckotwn

fd vfèkdrj ns'kks a esa de ls de ,d lkekftd lqj{kk

;kstuk vo'; gS] fQj Hkh vfèkdrj ;kstukvksa esa varjky

t:j gS& fodkl'khy vkSj fodflr nksuksa ns'kks a esaA

Jh xckl us vkbZ,yvks dks Ng le>kSrksa vkSj vxznwr

ekus tkus okys vkbZ,yvks le>kSrk la[;k 102 dh vksj

bafxr fd;kA gky gh esa czkthy] cqyxkfj;k vkSj

jksekfu;k us le>kSrk la[;k 102 dks laiqf"V çnku djus

dk QSlyk fd;k gSA blds vfrfjä vusd ns'k Hkh

laiqf"V ij fopkj dj jgs gSaA blh ls irk pyrk gS fd

;g le>kSrk fdruk çklafxd gSA fofHkUu ns'kks a ds

vuqHkoksa vkSj vkbZ,yvks ds 'kksèk çnf'kZr djrs gSa fd

vfèkdrj ns'kks a esa cqfu;knh lkekftd lqj{kk ykHk ogu

djus ;ksX; gSa] rc Hkh tc fiNys dqN lkyksa esa mudh

'kq#vkr cgqr èkheh jgh gSA

lkekftd lqj{kk ds foLrkj dks ysdj f}vk;keh

j.kuhfr ds çLrko esa ;g ik;k x;k fd cSBd esa Hkkx

ysus okys vfèkdrj yksx blls lger FksA ;g j.kuhfr

nk;js ds ^{kSfrt* foLrkj dh ckr dgrh gS ;kuh

lkoZtfud uhfr;ksa] tSls lHkh ds fy, çkFkfed LokLF;

ns[kHkky] cPpksa dks ykHk] cw<+ks a vkSj fodykaxksa ds fy,

çkFkfed isa'ku] ds ekè;e ls lkekftd laj{k.k

;kstukvksa esa 'kkfey yksxksa dh la[;k c<+kuk] ftlesa

vukSipkfjd {ks= ds Jfed Hkh 'kkfey gksaA j.kuhfr dk

nwljk i{k ;g gS fd vkbZ,yvks ds çklafxd le>kSrksa

vkSj flQkfj'kks a }kjk lq>k, fcanqvksa ds vuqlkj lkekftd

chek nk;js ds fy, ekud rS;kj djukA

vusd ns'kks a esa udn gLrkarj.k dk;Zdze xjhch de

djus esa egRoiw.kZ jgs gSaA fQj Hkh czkthy esa cksylk

QSfefy;k vkSj eSfDldks esa v‚ijpqfuMSM~l tSls

dk;Zdzeksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; o LFkkuh; Lrj ij laLFkkxr

{kerk vkSj tkudkjh tqVkus ds fy, fuos'k fd, tkus

dh t:jr iM+rh gSA fofHkUu ns'kks a ds mnkgj.kksa ls

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;ksX; gksrh gS] vkSj ;g ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk dsoy

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fiNys vDVwcj ekg esa vkbZ,yvks ds vuwBs

lgHkkfxrk dk;Zdze csVj odZ vkSj varjjk"Vªh;

foÙk fuxe ¼vkbZ,Qlh½ us gSrh esa viuh rjg ds

igys varjjk"Vªh; dzsrk eap dk vk;kstu fd;kA

;g vk;kstu ml ;kstuk dk vax Fkk ftlls

jkstxkj ltu vkSj nh?kZdkyhu fodkl dks enn

feysxhA lkFk gh ns'k ds diM+k m|ksx esa mfpr

Je i)fr;ksa dks c<+kok feysxkA

varjjk"Vªh; xkjesaV dzsrkvksa] gSrh ds xkjesaV lIyk;lZ]

Jfed o fu;ksäk laxBuksa] gSrh ljdkj] vesfjdh Je

ea=ky;¼;w,lMksy½] vesfjdk ds VªsM fjçstsaVsfVo

¼;w,lVhvkj½ vkSj lhVh,evks&gkse deh'ku ds 70 ls

vfèkd çfrfufèk;ksa us bl eap esa Hkkx fy;kA

bu çfrfufèk;ksa us csVj odZ gSrh esa viuk leFkZu

trk;k vkSj ns'k ds diM+k m|ksx esa çfrLièkkZRedrk dks

etcwrh nsus okyh Je i)fr;ksa ds egRo ij cy fn;kA

,d la;qä c;ku esa] bu çfrfufèk;ksa us leFkZu vkSj vk'kk

trkbZ fd ^gkse Vw vkSj csVj odZ ds ekè;e ls gSrh dks

nh?kZdkyhu vkfFkZd ykHk çkIr gksaxsA*

csVj odZ gSrh dks vesfjdh Je ea=ky; }kjk vuqnku

çkIr gS vkSj ;g gksi Vw ¼gSfr;u gSehLQsfjd v‚ijpqfuVh

Fkzw ikVZujf'ki ,udjstesaV½ foèks;d dk vax gS ftls fiNys

lky vesfjdh laln us Lohd`r fd;k FkkA gksi Vw vesfjdh

cktkj esa 'kqYd eqä ços'k nsrk gS vkSj blesa Je ekudksa

ds lqèkkj ds çkoèkku 'kkfey gSaA

csVj odZ dh Xykscy çksxzke eSustj jksl gkoZs ds

vuqlkj] ^gSrh esa csVj odZ dh LFkkiuk varjjk"Vªh; dzsrkvksa]

LFkkuh; fuekZrkvksa] Jfed la?kksa vkSj ljdkj ds chp fudV

lg;ksx ds ekè;e ls diM+k m|ksx esa mfpr Je i)fr;ksa

dks leFkZu nsus ds volj dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA bl

leUo; vkSj nwljs eqíksa] tSls vPNs vfHk'kklu] vPNs

cqfu;knh <kaps] n{k Je'kfä vkSj LFkk;h lapkyu ifjos'k

dks yf{kr djrs gq, csVj odZ gSrh ds diM+k m|ksx esa yacs

le; rd nh?kZdkfydrk dks fuèkkZfjr djus esa cM+h Hkwfedk

fuHkk,xkA*

varjjk"Vªh; [kjhnkjksa ds 'kh"kZ usr`Ro dks yf{kr djrs gq,

vesfjdk ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr fcy fDyaVu] tksfd bl le;

gSrh esa la;qä jk"Vª ds fo'ks"k nwr gSa] us csVj odZ dk;Zdze

¼;g dk;Zdze baVj vesfjdu MsoyiesaV cSad ¼vkbZ,Mhch½

}kjk çk;ksftr gS½ ds ckjs esa dgk % ^dacksfM;k ds diM+k

m|ksx esa jkstxkj dh la[;k nksxquh djus ds ckn

vkbZ,yvks] vkbZ,Qlh dh enn ls gSrh esa Hkh ;gh djus

tk jgk gSA xkjesaV m|ksx ds fuekZrk] vkbZ,yvks vkSj gSrh

ljdkj feydj laxBu ds fn'kkfunZs'kksa ds vuqlkj] dke

dj jgs gSa vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkgrs gSa fd Jfedksa

ds vfèkdkjksa dk lEeku fd;k tk,A*

gSrh ds xkjesaV m|ksx esa 30 dkj[kkus gSa vkSj ;gka 21

gtkj yksx dke djrs gSaA ;g {ks= ns'k ds vkSipkfjd {ks=

ds dqy jkstxkj dk 8 çfr'kr fgLlk çnku djrk gSA

varjjk"Vªh; [kjhnkjksa us fd;k gSrh dsxkjesaV m|ksx dk leFkZu

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vkbZ,yvks us fodykaxksa vkSj vkfFkZd ladV,oa cgkyh ij y{; lkèkk

12 uoacj 2009 dks vkbZ,yvks us ^ihiqyfon fMlsfcfyVht bu VkbEl v‚Qbdksu‚fed dzkbfll* ¼vkfFkZd ladV ds nkSjesa fodykax½ uked fo"k; ij fopkj xks"Bh dkvk;kstu fd;kA ,dsMeh iqjLdkj fotsrkvfHkus=h] Vsyhfotu LVkj vkSj lkekftddk;ZdrkZ ekjyh eSVfyu] tks 18 ekg dh mezls cfèkj gSa] us bl ekSds ij dgk fd vkfFkZdcgkyh dks çksRlkfgr vkSj mudk leFkZu djusds fy, fodykaxksa dk lg;ksx Hkh fy;k tkukpkfg,A

foÜo dh vkcknh esa fodykaxksa dk çfr'kr 10 ds djhc¼budh dqy vkcknh 65 djksM+] 50 yk[k ds djhc gS½gS]vkSj foÜo ds dqy xjhcksa esa budk çfr'kr blls nqxquk gS];kuh 20 çfr'krA blhfy, ;g fpark ykteh gS fd foÙkh;ladV dk mu yksxksa ij D;k vlj gksrk gS] [kkldj

fodykax efgykvksa ijA ,sls esa ekjyh eSVfyu vk'kk Hkjk lans'k ysdj vkbZaA ;g

psrkouh nsrs gq, fd ladV ds dkj.k fodykax yksx Jedh nqfu;k ls cfg"d`r gks tk,axs] mUgksaus dgk fd^fodykaxksa dks dk;Zdzeksa vkSj lsokvksa] tSls O;kolkf;d ,oaçf'k{k.k esa 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls vkfFkZdladV ij dkcw ikus ds fy, mUgsa rS;kj fd;k tk ldsA*

lqJh eSVfyu us bl ckr ij cy fn;k fd fodykaxyksx] fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy nksuksa ns'kksa esa xjhch dklkeuk djrs gSaA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd reke vè;;uksals çnf'kZr gksrk gS fd Je'khy o;Ldksa esa ls de ls devkèks] ftUgksaus U;wure 12 eghuksa rd vk; dk ladV >sykgS] fodykax gksrs gSaA blh çdkj] fodykax efgykvksa ijfo'ks"k :i ls xjhch dk ladV eaMjkrk gS] [kkl rkSj lsfodkl'khy ns'kksa esaA

lqJh eSVfyu dh ckr dk vU; çfrfufèk;ksa us Hkh leFkZufd;kA ;s bl çdkj Fks& vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvkulksekfo;k] vkbZ,yvks baIy‚;esaV lsDVj ds dk;Zdkjhfuns'kd tksl eSuqvy lkyktkj ftfjukPl] fczVsu dh VªsM;wfu;u dkaxzsl esa bDokfyVh ,aM baIy‚;esaV jkbV~l ij

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i‚fylh v‚fQlj ihVj iqjVu vkSj fczVsu ds 'k‚ VªLVfyfeVsM esa varjjk"Vªh; funs'kd csjuh tksalA

la;qä jk"Vª esa vk;jySaM ds LFkk;h fe'ku ds jktnwrMSFkh vks lsykb,?k us crk;k fd vkbZ,yvks ds dk;Z dksvk;fj'k leFkZu çkIr gSA vkbZ,yvks fodkl'khy ns'kksa esafodykax yksxksa dks leku volj çnku djus dks çksRlkfgrdj jgk gSA lkFk gh vk;jySaM esa fodykaxksa ds f[kykQHksnHkko dks feVkus ds fy, dkuwu vkSj uhfr;ksa dks leFkZuçnku dj jgk gSA

vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k us dgk fdvkfFkZd ladV us foÜo dks fgykdj j[k fn;k gSA ladV us;g trk;k gS fd ge igys dh rjg 'kkar ugha jg ldrsAmUgksaus dgk fd vkbZ,yvks dh foÜoO;kih jkstxkj lafèk

ladV ds nkSjku lcls cqjh rjg çHkkfor gq, laosnu'khylewgksa dks lcls igys enn nsus dh t:jr ij cy nsrhgSA Jh lksekfo;k us ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dkjZokbZdk vkºoku fd;k fd ^fdlh Hkh nwljs Jfed dh gh rjg]fodykax yksxksa dks Hkh lqjf{kr j[ks tkus vkSj l'kä fd,tkus dh t:jr gSA ;gh vkbZ,yvks dh lksp gSA*

mUgksaus dgk fd ^cnyko ds fy, la?k"kZ dh çsj.kk ge

mu yksxksa ls ysrs gSa tks fgEer djrs gSaA eSVfyu ,sls gh

yksxksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gSa tks lpeqp cgqr dqN lg

jgs gSa& viuh fodykaxrk dh otg ls ugha] fodykaxksa ds

çfr lekt ds joS;s dh otg lsA*

,d fHkUu c;ku esa vkbZ,yvks baIy‚;esaV lsDVj ds

dk;Zdkjh funs'kd tksl eSuqvy lkyktkj ftfjukPl us

dgk fd vkbZ,yvks igys ls gh fodykaxksa] fo'ks"k :i ls

fodykax efgykvksa dks Je'kfä esa Hkkxhnkj cukus ds fy,

dke dj jgk Fkk] ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd

fodykaxksa ds lkFk HksnHkko u fd;k tk, vkSj mUgsa leku

osru çkIr gksaA laxBu fodykaxksa ds fy, 'kSf{kd vkSj

O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k dks çksRlkfgr dj jgk gS vkSj xjhch

,oa fodykaxrk ds chp ds tqM+ko dks rksM+uk pkgrk gSA

lqJh eSVfyu us vius Hkk"k.k dk lekiu xSykmMsV

foÜofo|ky; ds igys cfèkj vè;{k ds m)j.k ls fd;kA

xSykmMsV foÜofo|ky; foÜo esa cfèkjksa ds fy, ,dek=

dyk egkfo|ky; gSA lqJh eSVfyu us dgk] ^og dgk

djrs Fks fd cfèkj yksx flQZ ,d gh dke ugha dj ldrs]

os lqu ugha ldrsA blfy, muds nwljs cgqr ls dke djus

dh laHkkouk,a c<+ tkrh gSaA eSa rgsfny ls ekurk gwa fd

gekjh fodykaxrk gekjs fdlh vax& dku] vka[k] gkFk ;k

iSjksa dh otg ls ugha gSA ;g nwljs yksxksa ds fnekx dh

fodykaxrk gS] tks gesa Hkh fodykax cuk nsrh gSA*

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tsusok ;k=k ds nkSjku lqJh ekjyh eSVfyu

cfèkj cPpksa ds ,d çkFkfed Ldwy esa Hkh

igqaphaA ;gka 6 ls 16 lky ds cPps i<+rs gSaA

;gka mUgksaus ,d vfHkus=h] ,d eka vkSj ,d

ysf[kdk ds :i esa vius vuqHko ckaVs vkSj

;g Hkh crk;k fd og fodykax yksxksa ds

vfèkdkjksa ds fy, fdl rjg dk;Z djrh gSaA

Je dh nqfu;k esa fodykaxksa ds vfèkdkjksa dks

O;kid Lrj ij ekU;rk fnykus dh ckr Hkh

mUgksaus dhA bl nkSjku lkoZtfud f'k{kk ds

fy, tsusok ds LVsV dkmaflyj pkYlZ chj

¼nk,a d‚ye esa nwljh QksVks] nkbZa rjQ½ Hkh

ogka mifLFkr FksA

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42

foÜo Hkj esa varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu vkSjvkbZ,yvks lacaèkh xfrfofèk;ksa ,oa ?kVukvksa dhfu;fer leh{kk

egk}hiksa ds bnZ fxnZ

vÝhdk esa xjhch[kRe djus ds ç;kl■ 14 flracj 2009 dks vkbZ,yvks us dwi

vÝhdk ¼dksv‚ijsfVo QsflfyVh Q‚j vÝhdk

çksxzke½ ds ekè;e ls lgdkjh ewY;ksa vkSj

fl)karksa ij vkèkkfjr lkekftd laxBuksa dks

çksRlkfgr djus ds çLrkoksa ds fy, ,d ckj

fQj ls fueaf=r fd;kA dwi vÝhdk

vkbZ,yvks }kjk ykxw ,d lgHkkfxrk dk;Zdze

gS ftls fczVsu ds varjjk"Vªh; fodkl foHkkx

dk vuqnku çkIr gSA bl dk;Zdze dk mís';

vÝhdk esa lgdkjh laxBuksa dks fodflr vkSj

çksRlkfgr djuk gSA baVjus'kuy dksv‚ijsfVo

,ykbal] ;wds dksv‚ijsfVo d‚yst]

baVjus'kuy VªsM ;wfu;u duQsMjs'ku] dfeVh

Q‚j n çeks'ku ,aM ,MokalesaV v‚Q

dksv‚ijsfVOl vkSj vÝhdh ;wfu;u bl

dk;Zdze ds nwljs lgHkkxh gSaA blds rgr

ckaXykns'k esa gfjrjkstxkj dksçksRlkgu

■ foÜo Hkj esa gfjr jkstxkj ds l`tu dh

viuh igy ds vax ds :i esa vkbZ,yvks

ckaXykns'k esa iquuZohd`r ¼jhU;w,cy½ vkSj fo'kq)

ÅtkZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, rduhdh lg;ksx

çnku djsxkA bl lacaèk esa] ns'k ds jk"Vªh;

O;kolkf;d çf'k{k.k laLFkku C;wjks v‚Q

eSuikoj baIy‚;esaV ,aM Vªsfuax ¼ch,ebZVh½ vkSj

xzkeh.k cSad dh lgk;d 'kk[kk xzkeh.k 'kfä us

fiNyh flracj esa <kdk esa ,d le>kSrk Kkiu

¼,evks;w½ij gLrk{kj fd,A bl ,evks;w ds

rgr ns'k Hkj esa lkSj ÅtkZ ds rduhf'k;uksa

dks n{krk fodkl çf'k{k.k çnku fd;k

tk,xkA bl ,evks;w dks ns'k esa jhU;w,cy

ÅtkZ dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, nks laLFkkvksa

ds chp lkotZfud futh Hkkxhnkjh ¼ihihih½ ds

vPNs mnkgj.k ds :i esa ns[kk tk jgk gSA

xzkeh.k 'kfä us vc rd 225000 ls vfèkd

lksyj gkse flLVEl LFkkfir fd, gSaA ;g

laLFkk gj eghus 12 ls 15 gtkj u, flLVe

dusDV djrh gSA bl dk;Zdze us ckaXykns'k esa

gfjr jkstxkj ds l`tu ds fy, u, {ks= [kksys

gSaA ;gka fiNys lky gfjr jkstxkj dk;Zdze

dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ FkhA

vkB vÝhdh ns'kksa ds lgdkjh laxBuks ls

çLrko ekaxs tkrs gSaA rhu ckj çLrko ekaxs

tk pqds gSa& twu 2008] uoacj 2008 vkSj ebZ

2009 esaA ;g pkSFkk fuea=.k gSA bu fuea=.kksa

ds ekè;e ls 55 laxBuksa dks dwi vÝhdk ds

fy, pquk tk pqdk gS vkSj blds fy, yxHkx

2700000 vesfjdh M‚yj dk vuqnku fn;k tk

pqdk gSA

,pvkbZoh@,M~l iju, varjjk"Vªh;ekuokfèkdkj ekuddh rjQ c<+rs dne■ vxLr 2009 dks] vkbZ,yvks us

,pvkbZoh@,M~l vkSj Je dh nqfu;k ij

flQkfj'k ds :i esa varjjk"Vªh; Je ekud

ds igys elkSns dk ewy ikB tkjh fd;kA

fiNys twu ekg esa varjjk"Vªh; Je

lEesyu ds nkSjku gqbZ ppkZ ij vkèkkfjr

bl elkSns dks f=i{kh; ijke'kZ ds fy,

lHkh lnL; ns'kksa dks Hkst fn;k x;kA vxj

o"kZ 2010 esa bls Lohd`r dj fy;k x;k]

rks ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj Je ij vkèkkfjr ;g

igyk ekud gksxk tks fo'ks"k :i ls

,pvkbZoh@,M~l ij dsafær gksxkA ljdkjksa

ls dgk x;k Fkk fd os fu;ksäk vkSj Jfed

laxBuksa ls ijke'kZ ds ckn bl elkSns dks

uoacj 2009 rd vkbZ,yvks ds ikl HkstsaA

Je ea=ky;ksa dks blds fy, vU; ea=ky;ksa

vkSj ,pvkbZoh@,M~l ds fy, dke djus

okys laLFkkuksa] tSls LokLF; ea=ky;ksa vkSj

jk"Vªh; ,M~l vk;ksxksa] vU; çklafxd

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laxBuksa] ,pvkbZoh ejhtksa ds laxBuksa ls

ijke'kZ djuk pkfg,A blds ckn twu

2010 esa bl ekud dks Lohd`r djus ds

fy, ,d ckj ls fQj ppkZ dh tk,xhA

vkbZ,yvks vkSj teZuhus E;kaekj esa vo;Ldksadh lSU; HkrÊ dkslekIr djus ds fy, ,d le>kSrk fd;k■ teZuh dh ljdkj vkSj vkbZ,yvks

E;kaekj esa ^vo;Ldksa dh lSU; HkrÊ dh

lekfIr* uked dk;ZØe dks ykxw djus ds

fy, vkilh lg;ksx djsaxsA blds fy,

teZuh ds fons'k ea=ky; us tqykbZ 2009

ls ebZ 2010 rd ds fy, 737055 vesfjdh

M‚yj dk vuqnku fn;k gSA vkbZ,yvks ds

cykr Je le>kSrk ¼la[;k 29½ ds vuq:i

bl dk;Zdze dk y{; gS% varjjk"Vªh; vkSj

jk"Vªh; dkuwuksa ds vuqdwy vfuok;Z lSU;

HkrÊ çfdz;k lqfuf'pr djuk] vo;Ldksa

dh HkrÊ dh jksdFkke ds fy, dkuwuh]

ç'kklfud vkSj vU; mik;ksa dks çksRlkfgr

djuk] bl fl)kar dk lEeku djuk fd

HkrÊ fd, x, ;k l'kL= lsuk ;k fofHkUu

lewgksa }kjk xSjdkuwuh :i ls ç;qä fd,

x, lHkh cPpksa dks fcuk 'krZ eqä djk;k

tk,] jk"Vªh; ,oa varjjk"Vªh; Lrjksa ij

fujh{k.k dks lg;ksx nsuk vkSj mu ç;klksa

dh tkudkjh nsuk] ;g lqfuf'pr djuk

fd HkrÊ fd, x, vo;Ldksa ds lkFk

ihfM+r tSlk O;ogkj fd;k tk,xk]

mRihM+d tSlk ughaA ekpZ 2002 esa

vkbZ,yvks vkSj E;kaekj ljdkj bl ckr

ij lger gq, Fks fd cykr Je ds

mUewyu ds fy, ns'k dh enn gsrq E;kaekj

esa ,d laidZ vfèkdkj rSukr fd;k

tk,xkA o"kZ 2007 esa cykr Je ds

ihfM+rksa ds fy, ,d f'kdk;r ç.kkyh dh

Hkh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA bl ç.kkyh ds fy,

laidZ vfèkdkjh vkSj mudk LVkQ

mÙkjnk;h gSaA blds rgr l'kL= lsukvksa

esa vo;Ldksa dh HkrÊ ls tqM+s vusd ekeys

ntZ fd, x,A

le>kSrk la[;k 87]laxBu dh Lora=rkvkSj laxfBr gksus dsvfèkdkj ij fQyhihalesa mPp Lrjh;vkbZ,yvks fe'ku

■ laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksusds vfèkdkj ij dsafær le>kSrk ¼la[;k 87½]1948] ls tqM+s fo"k;ksa dh leh{kk ds fy,vkbZ,yvks ds ,d mPp Lrjh; fe'ku us22&29 flracj 2009 ds nkSjku fQyhihal dknkSjk fd;kA bl le>kSrs dks fQyhihal uso"kZ 1953 esa gh laiqf"V çnku dj nh FkhAekudksa ds dk;kZUo;u ¼lh,,l½ ijvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu dh lfefr us o"kZ2007 esa ftu ekeyksa ij ppkZ dh Fkh] mlesafQyhihal dk ekeyk Hkh 'kkfey FkkA bllsigys vkbZ,yvks ds fujh{k.k fudk;ksa dksJfed la?kksa dh cgqr lh f'kdk;rsa çkIr gqbZFkha vkSj mUgsa fQyhihal esa ,d mPp Lrjh;fe'ku Hkstus dk fuea=.k feyk FkkA o"kZ 2009esa] fQyhihal ljdkj us vkbZ,yvks ds mPpLrjh; fe'ku ds çLrko dks eatwj fd;kAbl çLrko esa dgk x;k Fkk fd vkbZ,yvksmu {ks=ksa dh igpku djsxk] tgka le>kSrs dsdkjxj dk;kZUo;u ds fy, rduhdh lg;ksxdh vko';drk gSA laxBu gh ;g lg;ksxçnku djsxkA fe'ku us çklafxd ljdkjhlaLFkkvksa] Jfed ,oa fu;ksäk laxBuksa dslkFk eqykdkr dh vkSj dkj[kkuksa dk nkSjkfd;kA laxBu us t:jh dkuwuh la'kksèkuksavkSj laln esa yafCkr iM+s foèks;dksa dh leh{kkdh vkSj mu dkj.kksa dh tkap Hkh dh ftudspyrs jk"Vªh; dkuwuksa vkSj le>kSrk la[;k87 esa rkyesy cusA fe'ku dh fjiksVZ dksvkbZ,yvks ds fujh{k.k fudk;ksa ds lqiqnZdjus ls igys ljdkj] fu;ksäk ,oa JfedlaxBuksa dks miyCèk djk;k x;kA

?kjsyw Jfedks a dsfy, Je ekudks a ijppkZ■ vusd ns'kksa esa oSrfud ?kjsyw Je vc Hkhjkstxkj ds v–'; :iksa esa ls ,d gSA ;ghotg gS fd cgqr ls ?kjsyw Jfed cgqr[kjkc fLFkfr;ksa esa dke djus dks foo'k gSaAmUgsa iwjk osru ugha feyrkA yacs le; rddke djuk iM+rk gSA mudh futrk dkmYya?ku gksrk gS vkSj mUgsa ;kSu mRihM+u dk[krjk cuk jgrk gSA vfèkd [kjkc fLFkfr;ksaesa os cykr Je dks etcwj gksrs gSa ;k mUgsanklrk dh fLFkfr rd dk lkeuk djukiM+rk gSA tc ?kjsyw Jfed de mez ds gksrsgSa] rks bl çdkj dk jkstxkj cykr Je dsfud`"V :i ds cjkcj dgykrk gSA fiNysflracj ekg esa] FkkbZySaM esa ljdkj] Jfed,oa fu;ksäk laxBuksa vkSj ykvks ihiqYlMseksdzsfVd fjifCyd ¼ykvks ihMhvkj½ us ,slsvarjjk"Vªh; Je ekudksa dks cuk, tkus ijvkSipkfjd ppkZ esa Hkkx fy;k ftlds nk;jsesa foÜo Hkj ds ?kjsyw Jfed vk ldsaA tqykbZ2009 esa] Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf'k;k esa Hkh blhfo"k; ij vk;kstu fd, x,A bu fparkvksads çfrfdz;k Lo:i] vkbZ,yvks us o"kZ 2010ds varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu dh dk;Zlwph esabl eqís dks j[kus dk QSlyk fd;k gSA bldsdsaæ esa ,d u;k varjjk"Vªh; le>kSrk ;kflQkfj'k gSA

^xks Vw lh* ukedvfHk;ku dksvkbZ,yvks dk leFkZu■ vkbZ,yvks dk ukSogu Je le>kSrk]2006 ¼,e,ylh 2006½ ds Rofjr ,oa O;kidlaiqf"V ,oa dkjxj dk;kZUo;u ij vkbZ,yvksds xksykèkZ lEesyu ds nkSjku tks flQkfj'kdh xbZ Fkh] mlesa ukSogudfeZ;ksa ds çf'k{k.kij j.kuhfrxr fuos'k Hkh 'kkfey FkkA ;glEesyu ckjcMksl esa 7&10 flracj 2009 dsnkSjku fd;k x;k FkkA bl cSBd us ^xks Vwlh* uked vfHk;ku dk leFkZu djrs gq,ukSogu m|ksx dks Je cktkj esa nkf[ky gksus


44

okys ;qokvksa ds fy, ,d vPNs fodYi ds:i esa n'kkZ;kA varjjk"Vªh; ukSogu laxBu¼vkbZ,evks½ us bl vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr dhFkhA ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;u {ks= foÜods lcls cM+s ¶ySx LVsV~l& iukek vkSjcgkekl ds x<+ ekus tkrs gSa& bl {ks= esayxHkx 10]500 iathd`r tgkt gSaA bu nksuksa¶ySx LVsV~l us ukSogu Je le>kSrs dkslaiqf"V çnku dj nh gS tks fdukSogudfeZ;ksa ds fy, vfèkdkjksa ds O;kidvkSj çorZuh; vfèkdkj ds :i esa dke djsxkvkSj ,d ckj ykxw gksus vkSj vkbZ,yvkslnL; ns'kksa }kjk dk;kZfUor fd, tkus dsckn tgkt ekfydksa dks vfèkdkj çnkudjsxkA ;g le>kSrk tgktksa ij dke djusds U;wure ?kaVksa vkSj dk;Z dh csgrjfLFkfr;ksa dh odkyr djrk gS] blfy,jkstxkj ds bPNqd ;qok bl {ks= dh vksjvkdf"kZr gksaxsA

lsYokMksj ds ,uthvksdks feyk vkbZ,yvksÜokc QkmaMs'ku dkiqjLdkj■ fiNys eghus lsYokMksj ds ,d xSjljdkjh laxBu ¼,uthvks½ vxsis dks eè;vesfjdk] iukek vkSj Mksesfudu fjifCydds fy, lks'ky baVjçsU;ksjf'ki vokMZ 2009ls uoktk x;kA vxsis dks ;g iqjLdkj

varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ds varjjk"Vªh; cky JemUewyu dk;ZØe ¼vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd½ us nqfu;k Hkjds 19 ns'kksa esa cky Je ij dkcw ikus ds fy,vesfjdh vuqnku dk Lokxr fd;k gSA vesfjdk dkJe foHkkx blds fy, 5 djksM+ 90 yk[k M‚yj dkvuqnku çnku dj jgk gSA

bl jkf'k esa vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd dks39]371]100 vesfjdh M‚yj fn, x, gSaA blvuqnku dk ,d cM+k fgLlk vÝhdk] ,f'k;k vkSjySfVu vesfjdk esa pyk, tk jgs vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSddk;ZØe dks fn;k x;k gSA bu {ks=ksa esa fiNys dqNlkyksa esa cgqr dke fd, tk pqds gSa] fQj Hkh ;gkayk[kksa cPps vius LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj Hkfo"; dks nkaoij yxkdj] dke djus dks etcwj gSaA

vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd dh funs'kd fe'ksytudkfu'k ds vuqlkj] ^cky Je ds cnrj :iksa dkslekIr djus ds varjjk"Vªh; la?k"kZ esa vesfjdk gekjkcgqr cM+k lg;ksxh jgk gSA gesa mEehn gS fd buvuqnkuksa dh enn ls vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd dk;ZØeksadks c<+r feysxh vkSj cky Je dk LFkk;h vkSjdkjxj lekèkku ryk'kus esa enn feysxhA*

foÜo Hkj esa yk[kksa cky Jfedksa dks eqä djkusds vfrfjä] ;g vuqnku cky Je vkadM+ksa dks ,d=vkSj fo'ysf"kr djus] cky Je ij jk"Vªh; dkjZokbZ;kstukvksa dks fodflr vkSj fdz;kfUor djus vkSjd`f"k esa varjjk"Vªh; lgHkkfxrk etcwr djus esa Hkhenn djsxkA

lqJh tudkfu'k ds vuqlkj] ^;s vuqnku foÜods lcls laosnu'khy yksxksa ds fy, ml le; çnkufd, x, gSa tc oSfÜod vkfFkZd ladV us yk[kksaxjhc ifjokjksa ij yxkrkj ncko cuk;k gSA bl

lky twu esa vkbZ,yvks }kjk Lohd`r foÜoO;kihjkstxkj lafèk esa dgk x;k gS fd cky Je dsmUewyu ds fy, Bksl dne mBk, tkus pkfg,AçnÙk vuqnku bl y{; dks çkIr djus esa ,degRoiw.kZ dne lkfcr gksxkA*

vÝhdk ds fy, vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd dks Ms<+djksM+ vesfjdh M‚yj dk vuqnku feyk gSA ;gkadksV M vkbojh] ?kkuk] dsU;k] ekykoh] ukbthfj;kvkSj tkafc;k esa vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd çR;{k lgk;rkdk;ZØe pyk jgk gSA blds vfrfjä if'pehvÝhdk ds vkfFkZd vk;ksx ¼bdksokl½ esa 'kkfeyns'kksa esa uhfrxr <kaps dks etcwrh çnku djus esabl vuqnku dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA 1 djksM+ 15yk[k vesfjdh M‚yj dk mi;ksx cksyhfo;k] czkthy]bDosMksj] eSfDldks vkSj isjsxqos esa fd;k tk,xk]tcfd 50 yk[k M‚yj fQyhihal vkSj baMksusf'k;k dsdk;ZØeksa ij [kpZ fd, tk,axsA vkbZ,yvks dksvkadM+k ,d=hdj.k vkSj fo'ys"k.k ds fy, 70 yk[kM‚yj ls vfèkd çnku fd, tk,axs ftlesa 28 yk[kM‚yj vkbZ,yvks&vkbZiSd dh foÜoO;kih dkjZokbZ;kstuk dks fn, tk,axsA

dkjZokbZ ;kstuk dk mís'; o"kZ 2016 rd ckyJe ds cnrj :iksa dk mUewyu djuk gSA bl;kstuk esa vkbZ,yvks ds lnL; ns'kksa ls vkxzg fd;kx;k gS fd os le>kSrk la[;k 182 ds vuq:i le;vkèkkfjr mi;qä mik;ksa dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djsa vkSjmUgsa ykxw djsaA ;g le>kSrk cky Je ds cnrj:iksa ij dsafær gSA bl le>kSrs ij vkbZ,yvks dsbfrgkl esa lcls rst xfr ls laiqf"V;ka çkIr gqbZgSaA laxBu ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa esa ls dsoy 12 usbl ij laiqf"V ugha nh gSA

vkbZ,yvks us foÜo Hkj esa cky Je ij dkcw ikus ds fy,vesfjdh vuqnku dk Lokxr fd;k

vkbZ,yvks vkSj Üokc QkmaMs'ku us la;qä:i ls fn;kA gtkjksa xjhc lsYokMksjokfl;ksa dh ftanxh lqèkkjus vkSj ,d lQydkjksckjh e‚My çnku djus ds fy, vxsisdks ;g iqjLdkj fn;k x;kA vxsis& xzhdHkk"kk ds bl 'kCn dk vFkZ gS fcuk 'krZI;kj&47 lkekftd] mRiknd] 'kSf{kd ,oavkè;kfRed dk;Zdze pykrk gS ftlls ns'kHkj ds 50 gtkj ls vfèkd laosnu'khy yksxykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA laxBu cw<+ksa ds fy, ,dvkJe] fuEu vk; okys ifjokjksa dsfo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d foÜofo|ky;] ,dlkeqnkf;d jsL=ka] vusd nok[kkus] ,d VhohLVs'ku vkSj ,d çdk'ku lewg Hkh pykrkgSA iqjLdkj lekjksg ds nkSjku eè;

vesfjdk] iukek vkSj Mksesfudu fjifCydds fy, vkbZ,yvks dk;kZy; ds çeq[kfojfxfyvks ysokfx us vxsis dh lkekftdçfrc)rk vkSj vPNh dkjksckjh ijaijk dsla;ksx dks ekU;rk nsrs gq, dgk] ^lkekftdçfrc)rk vkSj dkjksckjh uoksUes"k dk la;ksxdjds ,d lkekftd m|e us mRd`"V JevkSj lkekftd lfEeyu dks çksRlkfgrdjus esa ,d fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSAfoÜo vkSj Je dh nqfu;k bl nkSj esa ftlladV dk lkeuk dj jgs gSa] ml nkSj esa;gh nksuksa vkbZ,yvks ds nks y{; gSaA ;giqjLdkj vxsis ds ;ksxnku dks ekU;rkçnku djrk gS] ftls ge lgh fn'kk esa c<+kgqvk dne ekurs gSaA*

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks


Qhpj

egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZlekpkj

45

;g egRoiw.kZ u;k vè;;u oSÜohdj.k ds ;qx

esa Je dkuwu dh Hkwfedk ij 'kSf{kd vkSj uhfrxr

ppkZ dk è;ku dsafær djrk gS vkSj nqfu;k ds

mÙkjh ,oa nf{k.kh fgLlksa esa Je dkuwu ç.kkfy;ksa

ij fopkj djrk gSA ;g vè;;u ekStwnk pqukSfr;ksa

vkSj Je dkuwuksa ds Hkfo"; ij 'kSf{kd cglksa ds

lanHkZ esa fo'ys"k.k çnku djrk gSA lkFk gh]

çklafxd fdrkch tkudkfj;ksa dh leh{kk djrs gq,

Jfedksa ds laj{k.k dh voèkkj.kk vkSj dkuwuh

ekU;rkvksa ,oa mik;ksa dks çnf'kZr djrk gSA bl

vè;;u esa ySafxd lekurk dks çksRlkfgr djus

okys Je dkuwuksa dh çHkkfork ij Hkh fo'ks"k è;ku

fn;k x;k gSA

■ CyafVax fuvks fycfjTe-VªkbijfVTe ,aM bdksu‚fedfjQ‚ElZ bu n Msoyfiax oYMZ

fyafM;k Ýsy }kjk laikfnr-

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&9014&896

&8- tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009-

iSyxzso eSdfeyu ds lkFk lg çdkf'krA 100

vesfjdh M‚yj] 75 ;wjks] 110 fLol ÝSaDlA

;g iqLrd fodkl'khy foÜo esa f=i{kh;rk ds

vlj dh iM+rky djus okyh igyh iqLrd gSA

f=i{kh;rk dk vFkZ gS] lkoZtfud uhfr;ksa ij

ljdkjksa] dkjksckfj;ksa vkSj Jfedksa ds chp ckrphr

vkSj ijke'kZA vkèkqfud vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa esa bl

çdkj ls lkoZtfud uhfr;ksa dk xBu vfèkd

mi;qä rjhds ls fd;k tk jgk gS] f=i{kh;rk ij

vc Hkh iqLrdsa feyuk dfBu gSaA budh ctk;

fof'k"V ns'kksa ;k {ks=ksa esa laLFkkuksa dh O;k[;kRed

lwpuk,a miyCèk gksrh gSaA bl iqLrd esa vÝhdk]

,f'k;k] iwoÊ ;wjksi vkSj ySfVu vesfjdk dh vkB

dsl LVMht dks fy;k x;k gSA ;g 1990 ds n'kd

vkSj 2000 ds çkjaHk ds nkSj ij dsafær gS tc uo

mnkjoknh vkfFkZd lqèkkj 'kq: fd, x, FksA D;k

f=i{kh;rk us uo mnkjoknh vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa dk

jkLrk cny fn;k gS\ D;k blls lqèkkj vfèkd

lkekftd lekurk ij vkèkkfjr gSa ;k jktuSfrd

Lrj ij nh?kZdkyhu\ D;k blls jk"Vªh; uhfr

■ oYMZ v‚Q odZ fjiksVZ 2009- n Xykscy t‚CldzkbfllvkbZ,lch,u 978&92&9014&908&8- 50 tsusok]vkbZ,yvks] 2009A vesfjdh M‚yj] 35 ;wjks] 55fLol ÝSaDl- Ýsap vkSj LiSfu'k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh miyCèk

oYMZ v‚Q odZ fjiksVZ dk o"kZ 2009 dk ;g vadekStwnk vkfFkZd ladV dh rRdky pqukSfr;ksa ij dkcwikus dh j.kuhfr;ksa dh iM+rky djrk gS vkSj vfèkdnh?kZdkyhu fodkl dk vkèkkj Hkh j[krk gSA blesaJe cktkj ds fy, eè;e vofèk dh pqukSfr;ksa dhiM+rky 'kkfey gS vkSj ;g vkdyu Hkh fd;k x;kgS fd vc rd fofHkUu ns'kksa us bl ladV ls fuiVusds fy, D;k dke fd;k gSA bu eè;e vofèk dhpqukSfr;ksa dks yf{kr djus ds lkFk] fjiksVZ bl ckrij fopkj djrh gS fd fdl çdkj daifu;ksa dhfoÙkh; ç.kkfy;ksa dks vfèkd nh?kZdkyhu cuk;k tk,vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks gfjr cukus ,oa jkstxkj l`tuds chp uhfr;ksa dks larqfyr fd;k tk,A fjiksVZ esafodkl] fo'ks"k :i ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa lkekftdlaj{k.k ds eqís ds fo"k; esa lkspus dh ubZ laHkkoukvksaij ppkZ dh xbZ gS vkSj ladV mijkar oSÜohdj.kvkSj varjjk"Vªh; Je ekudksa dh Hkwfedk ds eqís dks[kkstus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA

■ Lyscj y‚ ,aM odZj çksVsD'ku bu MsoyfiaxdaVªhttsgsfu'k rsdys }kjk laikfnr]vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&9014&894&4- tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- gVZifCyf'kax ds lkFk lg çdkf'krA

55 vesfjdh M‚yj] 40 ;wjks] 60 fLol ÝSaDlA

fuekZrkvksa dh rqyuk esa varjjk"Vªh; drkZvksa ds

fy, vfèkd xqatkb'k curh gS\ bu dsl LVMht

esa ,sls eqís mBk, x, gSa tks çR;{k vuqHkotU;

lkexzh çnku djrs gSaA

■ Xykscykbts'ku ,aM buQ‚jeyt‚Cl bu Msoyfiax daVªhtekdZ cpsrk] bdsgkMZ ,jusLV vkSjtqvkuk ikvksyk clVsekaVs-vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&122719&9- tsusok]

vkbZ,yvks] 2009- MCY;wVhvks ds lkFk lg çdkf'krAÝasp vkSj LiSfu'k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh miyCèkA 33vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks] 35 fLol ÝSaDlA ;g vè;;u fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa O;kikjoSÜohdj.k vkSj vukSipkfjd {ks= ds jkstxkj ds chplacaèkksa ij gkfy;k 'kksèkksa ij utj Mkyrk gSA ekStwnkiqLrdksa vkSj vkbZ,yvks ,oa MCY;wVhvks }kjk fd,x, u, 'kksèk ls vuqiwfjr] bl vè;;u esavukSipkfjd {ks= ds jkstxkj ds fofHkUu vk;keksa ijO;kikj lqèkkjksa ds vlj ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSAblesa fofHkUu çlkj.k ç.kkfy;ksa ij ppkZ dh xbZ gSvkSj varjjk"Vªh; rqyukvksa ds lkFk ns'k fo'ks"k dsvè;;uksa ds ifj.kke çLrqr fd, x, gSaA bl vadesa cM+h vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkkvksa okys ns'kksa dsfy, t:jh uhfr;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSAblesa dgk x;k gS fd ,sls ns'kksa dks O;kikj lqèkkjksadk Qk;nk mBkuk pkfg, vkSj varjjk"Vªh; O;kikjds ykHkksa dks c<+kuk pkfg,A vè;;u esa eqä O;kikjdks nh?kZdkyhu mPp o`f) nj esa cnyus ds jkLrs esavkus okyh vM+puksa dks nwj djus ij ppkZ dh xbZgS vkSj bl ckr ij tksj fn;k x;k gS fd O;kikj]Je vkSj lkekftd uhfr;ksa ds chp ,slk rkyesycuk;k tkuk pkfg, fd fofHkUu ns'k lQyrkiwoZdfoÜo vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,dhd`r gks ldsaA ;g iqLrdbl cgl esa 'kkfey lHkh yksxksa& fo'ks"k :i lsO;kikj fo'ks"kKksa] vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa] uhfr fuèkkZjdksa]fu;ksäk ,oa Jfed la?kksa ds fy, #fpdj gSA

■ dalhYM psUl % yscj,DlIy‚;Vs'ku v‚Q pkbuhtekbxzsaV~l bu ;wjksi

;qu xkvks }kjk laikfnr- tsusok]

vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 36 vesfjdh

u, çdk'ku


u, çdk'ku

M‚yj] 26 ;wjks] 40 fLol ÝSaDlA

;g iqLrd rhu ;wjksih; ns'kks a % Ýkal] bVyh

vkSj fczVsu esa phu ds vfu;fer çokfl;ksa dh

v–'; nqfu;k ij dsafær gSA ;wjksi esa çokl djus

okys phuh yksx fcpkSfy;ksa dks cM+h jde pqdkrs

gSa] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i os vDlj viuh ;k=k

'kq: djus ls igys gh dtZ ds cks> rys nc tkrs

gSaA çokl ds nkSjku vusd çdkj ds tksf[keksa ds

çfr os vjf{kr gksrs gSa ftldh otg ls xarO;

ns'k esa igqapus ij os 'kks"k.k vkSj dbZ ckj cykr

Je ds çfr Hkh laosnu'khy gks tkrs gSaA Je

cktkj ds fofHkUu drkZvksa ds chp jkstxkj lacaèkks a

ds fo'ys"k.k ds tfj, ;g iqLrd laosnu'khy

phuh Jfedksa vkSj ;wjksih; Je cktkjksa ,oa tfVy

varjjk"Vªh; mRiknu J`a[kyk ds chp ds lacaèkks a

dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA foLr`r

mnkgj.kks a dks çLrqr djrs vkSj çklafxd

varjjk"Vªh; ,oa jk"Vªh; dkuwuh lajpuk vkSj phu

,oa ;wjksi ds chp çokl ç.kkfy;ksa dh O;k[;k

djrs gq, ;g iqLrd ;g le>us esa ;ksxnku nsrh

gS fd fdl çdkj Je 'kks"k.k ds fofHkUu :iksa dks

rksM+k tk ldrk gSA

■ vkbZ,yvks lfeV v‚u nXykscy t‚Cl dzkbfllvkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122700&7-tsusok] vkbZ,yvks]2009- 32 vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks]35 fLol ÝSaDlA Ýasp vkSj LiSfu'k

Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh miyCèkAcsjkstxkjh] xjhch vkSj vlekurk ij foÙkh;

ladV ds vlj ds çfrfdz;kLo:i tsusok esa 15&17twu ds nkSjku vkbZ,yvks dk f'k[kj lEesyuvk;ksftr fd;k x;kA bl lEesyu dks foÜo Hkj dsns'kksa ds çeq[kksa vkSj ljdkj ds çeq[kksa] mi jk"Vªifr]eaf=;ksa] Jfed ,oa fu;ksäk laxBuksa ds çfrfufèk;ksaus lacksfèkr fd;kA lEesyu ds nkSjku foÙkh; ladVds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij rhu fnuksa rd xgu ppkZdh xbZA

lEesyu ds nkSjku foÜo Hkj ds usrkvksa us tksHkk"k.k fn, vkSj ftl çdkj dh cgl dh xbZ]mldk iwjk ewyikB bl iqLrd esa çdkf'kr fd;kx;k gSA iqLrd esa jkstxkj ladV ij {ks=h; ,oa

jk"Vªh; çfrfdz;kvksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh gS vkSj ;gladV ds lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd ifj.kkeksa dkslekIr djus dh leku çfrc)rk dks çnf'kZr djrhgSA blesa foÜoO;kih jkstxkj lafèk dk ewyikB Hkh'kkfey gS] tks fd varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu }kjk,d Bksl uhfr çfrfdz;k dgk tk ldrk gSA bllafèk dks lEesyu ds nkSjku çLrqr fd;k x;k FkkvkSj bls varjjk"Vªh; leqnk;] th 8 vkSj th 20laxBuksa lfgr] dk tcjnLr leFkZu feyk FkkA

■ baVjus'kuy tjuy v‚Qyscj fjlpZ vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122309&2- vaxzsth] Ýsap vkSjLiSfu'k Hkk"kkvksa esa gj lky nks ckjçdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gS] çR;sd

vad fdlh fof'k"V fo"k; ij dsafær gksrk gSA 42vesfjdh M‚yj] 30 ;wjks] 45 fLol ÝSaDlA

baVjus'kuy tjuy v‚Q yscj fjlpZ vkbZ,yvksds C;wjks v‚Q odZlZ ,fDVfoVht }kjk 2009 esa tkjhdh xbZ ubZ if=dk gSA bldk mís'; foÜo Hkj dsJfed la?k 'kksèkdrkZvksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa }kjk Je ,oalkekftd uhfr;ksa ij fd, x, 'kksèk dks çLrqrdjuk gSA ;g if=dk cgqfo"k;d gS vkSj Jfed la?k'kksèkdrkZvksa] Je ea=ky;ksa vkSj lHkh çklafxdfo"k;ksa& vkS|ksfxd lacaèkksa] lekt foKku] dkuwu]vFkZ'kkL= vkSj jktuhfr 'kkL=& ds f'k{kkfonksa dsfy, #fpdj gSA

vad 1] la[;k 1 ¼vDVwcj 2009½ % foÜoO;kihmRiknu ç.kkfy;ksa ds çfr Jfed la?kksa dhj.kuhfr;ka

vad 1] la[;k 2 ¼fnlacj 2009½ % foÜoO;kihiwath j.kuhfr;ka vkSj Jfed la?kksa dh çfrfdz;k

■ ,jxksu‚fed psdIokbaV~l-çSfDVdy ,aM bZth Vw baIyhesaVl‚Y;w'kal Q‚j baçwfoax ls¶Vh]gsYFk ,aM ofdZax daMh'kal- f}rh;laLdj.k

varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu }kjk

baVjus'kuy ,jxksu‚feDl ,lksfl,'ku ds lg;ksx

ls rS;kjA tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 'kh?kz çdk'; ¼tuojh

2010½- vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122666&6 ] 40

vesfjdh M‚yj] 30 ;wjks] 45 fLol ÝSaDl

,jxksu‚fed psdIokbaV~l dk ;g iw.kZ :i ls

la'kksfèkr vkSj O;kid] f}rh; laLdj.k dk;ZLFkyksa

46

ij dk;ZfLFkfr;ksa esa lqèkkj dks yf{kr gSA bu

psdIokbaV~l dks ykxw djus okys yksxksa ds vuqHkoksa

ij vkèkkfjr bl iqLrd esa la'kksfèkr ewyikB]

vfrfjä psdIokbaV~l dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA

blesa jaxhu js[kkfp= gSaA ;g iqLrd ,jxksu‚fed

leL;kvksa ds 132 okLrfod ,oa yphys lekèkku

çLrqr djrh gS tks fHkUu&fHkUu çdkj dh

dk;ZLFkyh; fLFkfr;ksa ij ykxw fd, tk ldrs gSaA

çR;sd lfp= psdIokbaV ,d fØ;k dk ladsr nsrk

gS fd og D;ksa t:jh gSa vkSj fdl çdkj bls

fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;kn j[kus ;ksX; fcanqvksa

dh tkudkjh nsrk gSA blesa ,d VsaIysV psdfyLV

Hkh nh xbZ gS] ftls dk;ZLFky fo'ks"k ds vuqlkj

viuk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g iqLrd gjsd ml

O;fä ds fy, mi;ksxh gS tks dk;ZLFky dks csgrj

LFkku cukuk pkgrk gS] tSls fu;ksäk] fujh{kd]

Jfed] lqj{kkdeÊ ,oa LokLF;deÊ] çf'k{kd vkSj

f'k{kd] ,DlVsa'ku odZlZ] bathfu;j] ,jxksu‚feLV

vkSj fMtkbujA

■ ,çkspst Vw ,VªhC;w'ku v‚Q MsVªhesaVy gsYFkbQsDV~l Vw v‚D;wis'kuy vkbZvksukbftax jsfM,'ku,Dikstj ,aM ns;j ,fIyds'ku bu daisuls'ku çksxzkeQ‚j dSalj ¼vks,l,p 73½v‚D;wis'kuy ls¶Vh ,aM gsYFk lhfjt] la[;k 73-tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] uoacj 2009- vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&122413&6- 32 vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks]35 fLol ÝSaDl

vxj dke ds nkSjku Jfed vkbZvksukbftaxjsfM,'ku ¼vk;fur fofdj.k½ ds çfr vjf{kr gksus dsdkj.k dSalj dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSa rks os eqvkotkekax ldrs gSaA gkykafd dSalj ,d lkekU; chekjhgS] [kkldj o`)koLFkk esa] vkSj dSalj ds vfèkdrjekeys xSj O;kolkf;d dkj.kksa ls gksrs gSaAvarjjk"Vªh; fo'ks"kKksa }kjk ladfyr] ;g iqLrdtksf[ke ds oSKkfud vkèkkjksa dh tkap djrh gSAblds vfrfjä O;kolkf;d fofdj.k ds çfr igysvjf{kr gksus ds dkj.k fdlh O;fä esa dSalj mRiUugksus ds eqíksa ij ;g iqLrd fo'ks"k :i ls dsafær gSAblesa eqvkotk ;kstukvksa dh lkekU; fo'ks"krkvksa dhtkudkfj;ka gSa] lkFk gh fofHkUu ns'kksa esa fdl çdkjdh eqvkotk ;kstuk,a ykxw gSa] ;g iqLrd bl ckjsesa Hkh crkrh gSA

;g iqLrd rhu varjjk"Vªh; laxBuksa&


Qhpj


vkbZ,yvks] vkbZ,bZ, vkSj MCY;w,pvks }kjk la;qä:i ls çdkf'kr dh xbZ gS ftlesa bu laxBuksa dsO;kolkf;d LokLF; vkSj vkbZvksukbftax jsfM,'kuls lacafèkr vfèkns'k 'kkfey fd, x, gSaA jk"Vªh;ç'kklu] Jfed la?kksa] fu;ksäkvksa vkSj mu lHkh i{kksads fy, ;g çdk'ku mi;ksxh gS tks Jfedksa dseqvkots ds fy, ,d Hkko j[krs gSaA

■ dh bafMdsVlZ v‚Q n yscjekdZ sV ¼dsvkbZ,y,e½

NBk laLdj.k ¼lhMh jkse lfgr½-

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&

122684&0- tsusok] vkbZ,yvks]

'kh?kz çdk'; ¼tuojh 2010½- 250 vesfjdh M‚yj]

180 ;wjks] 275 fLol ÝSaDl

bl lanHkZ iqfLrdk esa rsth ls cnyrh Je dh

nqfu;k dh lHkh tkudkfj;ka lekfgr gSaA ,slh

tkudkfj;ka Hkh blesa çkIr gks tk,axh tks le;

ds fglkc ls cny jgh gSaA vius 10osa lky esa]

dh bafMdsVlZ v‚Q n yscj ekdZsV ¼dsvkbZ,y,e½

cgqr vklkuh ls foÜo ds Je cktkjksa ds vkadM+s

vkSj fo'ys"k.k miyCèk djkrh gSA

varjjk"Vªh; vkadM+ks a ds HkaMkjks a vkSj {ks=h; ,oa

jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh; lzksrks a ls çkIr tkudkjh ds

ekè;e ls ;g iqfLrdk 200 ns'kks a ds 1980 ls vc

rd ¼tc rd ds vkadM+s miyCèk gSa½ds vkadM+s

eqgS¸;k djkrh gSA dsvkbZ,y,e Je cktkj ds 20

çeq[k ladsrdksa dk ladyu gS tks jkstxkj vkSj

jkstxkj ls lacafèkr fLFkfr;ksa ¼vofLFkfr] {ks=] ?kaVs

vkfn½] Je dh deh vkSj jkstxkj ds bPNqd

yksxksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa] f'k{kk] osru vkSj eqvkotk

ykxr] Je mRikndrk vkSj Je'khy xjhch ij

dsafær gSaA bu ladsrdksa ij la;qä :i ls dk;Z

djus ij ,d etcwr vkèkkj feyrk gS tks

mRiknd jkstxkj vkSj mRd`"V Je ls lacafèkr

çeq[k ç'uksa dks yf{kr dj ldrk gSA

lhMh jkse esa Hkh miyCèk& foaMkst otZu % dh

bafMdsVlZ v‚Q n yscj ekdZsV ¼dsvkbZ,y,e½

lhMh jkse] flracj 2009- vkbZ,lch,u

47

978&92&2&022686&5- 90 vesfjdh M‚yj] 70

;wjks] 100 fLol ÝSaDl- rhu Hkk"kkvksa esa miyCèk

vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'k

■ bZ;jcqd v‚Q yscjLVSfVfLVDl] 2009Vkbe lhfjt- vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&022238&6- 275vesfjdh M‚yj] 195 ;wjks] 290fLol ÝSaDl- rhu Hkk"kkvksa esa

miyCèk vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'ko"kZ 1935&36 esa igys laLdj.k ds lkFk

bZ;jcqd v‚Q yscj LVSfVfLVDl Je eqíksa ij nqfu;kdk lcls O;kid vkSj vxz.kh lkaf[;dh; lanHkZ xzaFkcu x;k FkkA blesa yxHkx 190 ns'kksa dh vfèkd`rlwpukvksa dk cgqr O;ofLFkr rjhds ls ladyu gksrkgSA Vkbe lhfjt esa ukS çeq[k vè;;uksa ds varxZr31 rkfydk,a nh xbZ gSa ftuesa fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksadks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS tSls vkfFkZd :i ls lfdz;vkcknh] jkstxkj] csjkstxkjh] dk;Z ds ?kaVs] osru] Jeykxr] miHkksäk ewY;] O;olk;xr pksV] gM+rkyvkSj rkykcanhA bl lhfjt esa fiNys nl lkyksa dkys[kk&tks[kk gksrk gSA

lhMh jkse esa Hkh miyCèk& foaMkst otZu %vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122241&5- ,dyç;ksäk % 275 vesfjdh M‚yj] 195 ;wjks] 290 fLolÝSaDl- cgq ç;ksäk % 415 vesfjdh M‚yj] 290 ;wjks]435 fLol ÝSaDl- dsoy vaxzsth Hkk"kk esa miyCèk

■ bZ;jcqd v‚Q yscjLVSfVfLVDl] 2009daVªh çksQkbYl- vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&022239&3- 190vesfjdh M‚yj] 130 ;wjks] 200fLol ÝSaDl- rhu Hkk"kkvksa esa

miyCèk vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'kdaVªh çksQkbYl ,d u, Q‚jeSV dks çLrkfor

djrk gS ftlesa bZ;jcqd v‚Q yscj LVSfVfLVDl]2009] Vkbe lhfjt esa ntZ çR;sd fo"k; ds rktkmiyCèk vkadM+s ¼Vkbe lhfjt ds fcuk½ gSaA bliqLrd esa 200 ls vfèkd lHkh ns'kksa] {ks=ksa vkfn dh

tkudkfj;ka gSa vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls lfdz; vkcknh]jkstxkj vkSj csjkstxkjh ij oSfÜod vkSj {ks=h;vuqeku gSaA ekfld] =Sekfld ;k v)Zokf"kZdvkèkkj ij vkadM+s vkSj jkstxkj] csjkstxkjh] dk;Zds ?kaVksa] osru ,oa miHkksäk ewY;ksa ls tqM+htkudkfj;ka cqysfVu v‚Q yscj LVSfVfLVDl esaçdkf'kr gSaA

nksuksa VkbfVYl VkbEl lhfjt vkSj daVªhçksQkbYl ds fy, fo'ks"k v‚Qj- vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&022240&9- 375 vesfjdh M‚yj] 260;wjks] 390 fLol ÝSaDl

■ n Qkbukaf'k;y ,aM bdksu‚feddzkbfll- v MhlsaV odZ fjLikal

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&9014&900&2- tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009-25 vesfjdh M‚yj] 16 ;wjks] 25fLol ÝSaDl

o"kZ 2008 ds cSafdax ladV us foÜo esa xzsVfMçs'ku ds ckn lcls cqjs vkfFkZd ladV dks tUefn;kA vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ij tksf[ke ds ckny eaMjkusyxs vkSj jkstxkj esa cgqr cqjh fxjkoV vkbZA ;giqLrd ladV ds çfr foÜo O;kih çfrfdz;k dhleh{kk djrh gS vkSj crkrh gS fd fLFkjrk dk;edjus ds fy, D;k&D;k mik; fd, x,A ;gvè;;u oSfÜod vlarqyu] mRd`"V Je ds ?kkVs vkSjvlekurk dh vksj bafxr djrk gS tks ladV c<+kusdk dke djrs gSaA lkFk gh] ladV cgkyh dkslg;ksx nsus ds fy, foÜoO;kih jkstxkj lafèk dht:jr ij ppkZ djrk gSA vè;;u esa jkstxkj vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSjetcwr&LoPN ,oa fu"i{k vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy,varjjk"Vªh; çfrc)rk ij cy fn;k x;k gSA blesadgk x;k gS fd ,d mRçsjd lafèk gh nh?kZdkyhuo`f) vkSj fodkl dk jkLrk fn[kk,xhA twu 2009esa varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu esa gqbZ ppkZ dh enn lsrS;kj fd;k x;k ;g vè;;u lkef;d uhfrxrfo'ys"k.k çnku djrs gq, ;g crkrk gS fd fdlçdkj m|eksa vkSj Jfedksa ij bl ladV ds vljdks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA

fczdh ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds izdk’ku cM+s iqLrd foØsrkvksa ;k fofHkUUk ns’kkssa esa fLFkr vkbZ,yvks ds LFkkuh; dk;kZy;ksa ;k lh/ks vkbZ,yvks fFk;sVj dksVZ] rhljh

eaft+y] bafM;k gSfCkVsV lsaVj] yks/kh jksM] u;h fnYyh&110 003 ls izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA nwjHkk"k% 24602101] 2462102] QSDl% 24602111] bZ&esy%

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48 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 38] vizSy 2010

50 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 38] vizSy 2010

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