bí quyết hệ thống hóa và tăng cường từ vựng tiếng anh - hồng Đức

7/25/2019 Bí quyết hệ thống hóa và tăng cường từ vựng Tiếng Anh - Hồng Đức

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B I Q

H E T H O N G H O A 8 > T A N G c u m T V V U K G

TIENG ANH



Nhóm b iên soạn Hồng Đ ức

BÍ QUYẾT

HỆ THÒNG HÓA & TĂ NG CƯ Ờ NG

TỜ VựNG

TIẾNG ANHW o r d S k i l l s

DÙNG TRONG CÁC KỲ THI Đ Ạ I HỌ C VÀCHỨ NG CHỈ QUỐ C TỂ

TRÌNH Đ Ộ TRƯ NG CAP

(Cần thiết cho học sinh - sinh viên để trau dồitiếng Anh)

Có kèm đĩa CD ỉuyện giải bài tập

NHÀ XUẤ T BẢ N THANH NIÊN



LỜ I NÓI Đ Ầ U

Sách “Bí quy t Hệ thông hóa và Tăng cư ờ ng Từ vự ng ti ng Anh - Trình độ Trung cấ p” này được biên soạ n nhằ m giúp b ạn đọc d ễ d à n g n ắm vữ ng lư ợng từ vự ng p hon g p h ú c ủ a tiến gAnh thông qua các chủ đ iểm thường gặp .

Nội dun g sá c h bao gồm 80 chủ đ iểm , ở m ỗi ch ủ đ iểm tr ìn h b ày từ vự ng trong các đ o ạn văn , đ o ạn hội th o ại và g iải th ích rõràng về cậc từ vựng . Đ i kèm với bà i học l à ph ần các b à i t ập thựchành để bạn đọc củng cố k iến thức vừa mới học .

Với nội dung thiết thực, bổ ích, bô" cục rồ ràng, hợp lý,chắc chắn sách này l à nguồn t à i l i ệu học tập quý báu dành cho

các học s inh - s inh v iên để t rau dồi t iếng Anh.

N h ó m b iê n so ạn



Mụ c Lụ c

Introduction - Gi i thiệ u .................................................................................................7Starter ............................................................. ■............................................................ 131 I can talk about vocabulary learning- Tôi có th ể nó ì ư ề việ c họ c từ vự ng . 18

2 I can describe my progress and aims- Tôi có thể mô tả về sự tiế n bộ ưá mụ cđích củ a tô ỉ ........................................................................... ........................................ 233 I can understand a learner’s dictionary- Tôi có th ể h ỉể u đ ư ợ c từ đ iể n dành

cho ngư ờ i h ọ c ........................................................................................................... 274 I can talk about English punctuation - Tôi có thể nói về quy tắ c viế t dấ u chẩ m cầ u

trong tiế ng A nh ....................................................................................................... . 31Review: Learning - Ồ n tậ p: Họ c lậ p ....................................................................... 365 I can talk about ap pearance - Tôi có th ể nói uể diệ n m ạ o ........................... 406 I can talk about character - Tôi có th ể nói uề tính cá ch ................................... 447 1can describe my feelings - Tôi có th ể mò tả c ả m giác c ủ a tô i ................... 4*88 1can talk about relationships - Tôi có thể nói uề các mố t quan hệ ...............529 I can talk about families - Tồ i có thể nói uề các gia đ ìn h ............................ 5610 I can talk about weddings and funerals - Tôi có th ể nôi về lễ cư i và đámtang ..................................................................................................................................60Review: People -ỡn tậ p: Con ngư ờ i.................................... ...................................... 66 11 I can describe the universe - Tôi có th ể mô tả uê uủ Lrụ ............................. 7ì 12 I can talk about rivers and the sea- Tôi có th ể nôi oẻ sông uà b iể n ........ 76

13 1can describe the climate - Tôi có th ể tnô tả uề khi h ậ u ............................8114 1can describe natural disasters - Tôi có thể mô tả về nhữ ng thiên tai.... 8715 1can describe animals and Insects - Tôi có th ể mô tả về các ioài đ ộ ng Ư ậ t vả côn trùng...................................................................................................................91Review: The world around us -ồn tậ p: Thế gi i quanh ta ................................... 97 16 1can describe a range of food - Tôỉ có thể mô tả nhiề u loạ i thự c phẩ m.. ĩ0217 I can talk about diets and cooking - Tôi có th ể nói uề uiệ c ân kiêng uảnấu nướng...................................................................................................ì 0518 I can talk about money- Tôi có thê nói uề chuyệ n tiề n b ạ c .................. 1Ì0

19 I can talk about sleep - Tôi có thể nói về giấ c n g ù ................................. ì ĩ 420 I can talk abou t injuries - Tôi có th ể nôi về v iệ c bị th ư ơ ng ....................ĩ 1821 I can talk about cars and driving 'Tôi có thể nói uề xe hơ i oà uiệ c lái x e ............12222 ! can describe travel problems and accidents - Tôi có th ể mô tả nhữ ngkhó khẩ n trong uiệ c đi lạ i và tai nạ n giao thô ng ............................................ ĩ 27 23 I can talk about clothes and fashion - Tôi có th ể nói về quả n áo uà thờ i trang., ỉ 33Review: Daily life - ổ n tậ p: E)ờ i số ng hàng n g á y ............................................. 13824 1can describe a visit to the dentist - Tôỉ có thể mô tả mộ t lầ n đi khám nha sì. Ị 2425 I can describe hospital procedures - Tôi có th ể mô t ả uề nhữ ng í/lủ tụ c ởbệ nh v i ệ n ........ ................................................... ..... ................................................ 145

26 I can explain household tasks - Tôi có thể giả i thich nhừ ng công uiệ c ờ nhà .... Ì4927 I can describe housework - Tôi có th ể mô tả nhữ ng uiệ c nh à ............ . ĩ 5328 I can talk to a hairdresser - Tôỉ có thể nói chuyệ n o i ngư ờ i thợ cắ t tó c ......... 156



Review: Getting things done - Ôn tập: Pi hờ ai ỉàm việ c g ì ................ ............ 15829 I can describe urban life - Tôi có thê mô íả về đờ i số ng đô th ị ............ Ỉ 6Ỉ30 1can describe parts of a building - Tôi có thể mô tả cấ c phầ n củ atòa nhà......ỉ 66 31 1can describe objects - Tôi có th ể mô ta uề u ậ t ....................................... Ĩ 7032 I can describe the senses - Tôi có th ể mô tả về g iấ c qua n .................... ĩ 7433 I can describe a painting - Tôi có thể mô tả một bức tran h ................... 17834 I can describe actions - Tôi có thể mô tả các hành độ ng ....................... ỉ 82Review: Describing things - õn tậ p: Mô íả đồ u ậ t .......................................... J86

35 I can talk about crime - Tôi có th ể nói uề việ c lả m phạ m p h á p ............ĩ 9036 I can describe the justice system - Tôi có thể nói uể hệ thố ng tòa án .. 19437 I can discuss health issues - Tôi có thế Ihả o ỉuậ n ư ề các vấ n đề sứ c kh ỏ e ........ 19838 I can talk about politics - Tôi có th ể nói về chính, trị ................................ 20239 1can talk about war and peace - Tôi có thể nói về chiế n tranh uả hòa bình...... 207

40 I can talk about events in history - Tôi có thể nói về các sự kiệ n ỉịch s ử ............. 2Ỉ ỈReview: Social and political issues - ổn tậ p: Các uấn đề xầ hộ i ưà chính trị ............21341 I can understand newspapers - Tôi có thể hiể u về báo c h í ...................... 2 ĩ842 I can talk about films - tô i có thể nói ve điệ n ả nh ....................................... 22343 I can talk about art and photography - Tôỉ có thể nói uể hộ i họ a oà tranh ả nh . 22844 I can talk about music-rô/ có th ể nói về âm nh ạ c ....................................23345 1can talk about*people and places in sport - Tôi có thể nói uề ngư ờ i uầ địa điể mtrong thể thao............................................................................................................ 238

46 I can describe sporting events - Tôi có thể mớ tả các sự kiệ n thể thao 24347 I can talk about books - Tôi có th ể nói uẻ các loạ i sách, ......................... 24948 I can describe festivals - Tôi có thể mô tả uề lể hộ i....................................254Review: Media and entertainment - ổn tậ p: Truyề n thông uả giả i trí..........25949 1can get through exams - Tôỉ có thề vư ợ t qua các kỳ thi....................... 26450 1can describe university life - Tôi có thể mỏ tả oề cuộ c số ng trư ờ ng dạ i họ c...266 51 I can apply for a job - Tôi có thể nộ p đơ n xin uiệ c làm .............................. 27052 I can describe jobs - Tôi có th ể mô tà uẻ các công uiệ c ........................... 27453 1can describe a career - Tôi có thể mô La mộ t nghề ng hiệ p ....................278

54 I can describe working conditions - Tôi có thể miêu tả uẻ điề u kiệ n lả m việ c ..283Review: Work and study - ổn tậ p: Làm việ c và họ c t ậ p ............................... 287 55 I can talk about finance - Tôi có th ể nó ỉ về tài ch án h ................................ 29156 I can to about companies - Tôi có thể nói về các côngt y .........................29557 I can describe a successful business - Tôi có th ể mô tả mộ t doanh nghiệ pthành công ............................................................................................................... 30058 I can discuss marketing - Tôi có thể thả o tuậ n về marketing....................305Review: Business - ô n tậ p Việc Kinh doanh ........................................................ 310

59 I can express probability- Tôi có thể diẻ n đậ t các khả nàng có thể xả y ra......3Ĩ 460 I can explain similarities and differences - Tôi có th ể giả i thích nhừ ng điể mkhác nhau và nhử ng điể m giố ng n ha u ......................... ...T............................. 317 61 I can make arrangements to meet Tôi có th ẻ sáp xế p cuộ c g ặ p g ở .....32062 I can discuss my likes and dislikes Tôỉ có thê thâo luậ n uề thích oà không thích..32363 I can give my opinion - Tôi có thể nêu ra ỳ k i ế n ........................................ 32564 I can talk about rules - Tôi có thể nói về cấ c quy địnhluậ t l ệ ................. 330



65 1can discuss hopes and plans - Tôỉ có thể bàn oề niề m hy uọ ng oà kế hoạ ch. 33466 I can express dissatisfaction - Tôi có th ể b ầ y tỏ s ự bứ c x ú c ................... 33867 I can understand warnings - Tôi có thể hiế u dư ợ c các biể n báo ............ 343Review: Social English - ổn tậ p : Tiế ng Anh giao tiế p .................................... 34568 I can use link words - Tôỉ có thể dùng các Lừ nố i....................................... 35Ĩ

69 1can use a range of adjectives - Tôi có thể dùng tìầ ng ỉoạ t các tính từ .............. 35870 1can express place and time - Tôi có thể (liền tả dịa điể m vả thờ i gian.............366 71 I can use prepositions in phrases - Tôi có thế dùng gi i từ trong cụ m từ ........... 37ỉ72 I can use prefixes - Tôi có th ể dùng các tiề n tô' .......................................... 37573 1can use suffixes - Tôi có thể dùng các hậ u t ố ......................................... 37974 I can use verb patterns - Tôi có thể dùng các dạ ng thứ ccủ a đ ộ ng từ . 38375 I can use phrasal verbs - Tôi có thể à ùng các ngữ độ ng t ừ .....................38576 I can use a range of adverbs - Tôi có thể dùng rấ t nhiề u cắ c trạ ng t ừ .. 392Review: Language - ổn tậ p: Ngôn n g ừ .............................................................. 397

77 I can recognize informal English - Tôi có thể nhậ n ra tiế ng Anh theo lố i Ư ả n phongthân m ậ t ..................................................................................................................... 40278 I can write a formal letter - Tôi có thể uiế t mộ t lá thư trang trọ ng ........ 40979 ỉcan understand abbreviations and short forms - Tôi có thể hiể u chừ viế t tát vảdạ ng rút g ọ n .............................................................. ................................................. 41380 I can understand American English Tôi có th ể hiể u đư ợ c tiế ng Anh c ủ angư ờ i M ỳ ........................................... ..........................................; ............................ 417 VOCABULARY BGỈLDING.................................................................................... 423

ANSWER KEY..........................................................................................................425ANSWER KEY TO REVIEW UNITS................... :................................. ........... 452



INTRODUCTION 7

Introduction - Gi i thiêu* . —

What is Oxford Word Skills? - Phần từ vựng là gì?

Oxford Word Ski l ls is a series of three books for students to learn, practise and revise new vocabulary.

Kỹ năng tăng cường từ vựng là một tủ sách gồm ba quyển dành cho học viên học,

thực hành và ôn tập từ vựng mới

Basic: elementary and pre-intermediate (CEF levels AI and A2)

Intermediate: intermediate and upper-intermediate (CEF levels BI and B2)

Advanced: advanced (CEF levels Cl and C2)

Căn bản: trình độ cơ bản và tiền trung cấp (CEF cấp AI and A2)

Trung cấp: trình độ trung cấp và tiền cao cấp (CEF cấp BI and B2)

Nâng cao: nâng cao (CEF cấp Cl and C2)

There are over 2,000 new words or phrases in each level, and all ofthe material can be used in the classroom or for self-study.

Có trẽn 2000 từ mới hoặc cụm từ trong mỗi cấp. và tất cả nội dung có thể được dùng

trong lớp hoặc để tự học.

How are the books organized? - Các sách được bô' cục như thế nào?

Each book contains 80 units of vocabulary presentation and practice.Units are between one and three pages long, depending on the topic. New vocabulary is presented in manageable quantities for learners,with practice exercises following immediately, usually on the same page. The uni ts are grouped together thematically in modules of fiveto ten units. At the end of each module there are further practiceexercises in the review units, so that learners can revise and testthemselves on the vocabulary learned.

Mỗi sách cố 80 unit gồm giới thiệu từ vựng và thực hành. Các unit dài từ một cho đến ba trang phụ thuộc vào chủ điểm. Từ vựng mới được trình bày theo cách thức dễ

nhận biết dành cho học viên cùng với cấc bài tập thực hành theo sau ngay Ịập tức, thường là nằm trên cùng trang. Các unit được gom lại với nhau một cách cố hệ thống theo các module từ ba cho đến mười Unit, ở cuôl một module có bài tập thực hành

chuyên sâu để ôn tập các unit, qua đố người học có thể ôn tập và tự trắc nghiệm về

từ vựng đã học được.



8 INTRODUCTION

At the back of each book you will find:

ở cuối mỗi sách bạn sẽ thấy:

• vocabu lary building tables

bảng cấu tạo ỉừ vựng

• an answ er key for all the exercises

đáp án cho tất cả bài tập

• a list of all the vocabulary taught with a pho nem ic pronuncia tionguide and a unit reference to where the item appears

một danh mục tất cả từ vựng được dạy cùng với phần chỉ ơẫn phiên âm và một

phẩn tham chiếu đến unit nơi mà mục ỉừ xuất hiện.

There is a CD-ROM at each level with oral pronunciation modelsfor ail the vocabulary taught, and further practice exercises, includinglistening activities. /

Có đĩa CD - ROM ở mỗi quyển cùng với các mẫu phát âm dành tất cả cấc từ vựng

được ơạy và các bài tập thực hành chuyên sâu, bao gồm cả các hoạt động luyện nghe.

What vocabulary is included? - Từ vựng được đươ vào như th ế nào?

At Basic level, the vocabulary includes:

ở cấp cơ bản, từ vựng bao gồm:

• a wide ran ge of common topics, e.g. clothes, free time, at theairport

một loạt các chủ điểm phổ cập, vỉ dụ, áo quần, thời gian rãnh rỗi, giao tiếp tại sẫn bay.

words and phrases needed in social interaction, e.g. inviting people, using the phone

từ và cụm từ cần thiết trong tình huống giao tiếp xã hội, ví dụ, mời người khác, dùng điện thoại.

• areas of lexical grammar , e.g. prepositions of place, phrasa l verbs

các ỉĩnh vực ngữ pháp, vỉ dụ, giới từ; chỉ nơi chốn, các ngữ động từ

There is a particular emphasis on high-frequency vocabulary ineveryday spoken English. This is continued at Intermediate level withthe addit ion of more vocabulary from different styles of written English.At Advanced level, learners encounter more figurative meanings ofvocabulary items as well as more idiomatic language.



INTRODUCTION 9

Có một sự nhấn mạnh đặc biệt về từ vựng có tẩn suất cao trong tiếng Anh nói mỗi

ngày. Điều này được tiếp tục tại cấp Intermediate với phần bổ sung thêm'từ vựng ở các

loại tiếng Anh viết khác nhau, ở cấp Advanced, học viên gặp phải nhiều ý nghĩa của các

mục từ cũng như nhiều thành ngữ.The series includes almost all of the words in the Oxford 3000™

which lists the 3,000 words teachers and students should prioritizein their teaching and learning. The list is based on frequency andusefulness to learners, and was developed by Oxford UniversityPress using corpus evidence and information supplied by a panelof over 70 experts in the fields of teaching and language study. Inaddition, we have included a wide range of high frequency phrases,

e.g. at the moment, never mind, as well as items which are extrem elyuseful in a particular context, e.g. main course in a restaurant, orhand luggage at an airport.

Tủ sách này có chứa hầu hết các từ trong Oxford 3000™, qua đó liệt kẽ 3000 từ mà

giáo viên và sình viên ưu tiên dạy và học. Danh mục này dựẵ trên tần suất và công dụng

đối với người học, và được phát triển do bởi Nhà xuất bản đại học Oxford bằng cách sử

ơụng chứng cứ và thông tin ơo bởi trên 70 sinh viên trong ỉĩnh vực .dạy và nghiên cứu

ngôn ngữ. Ngoài ra, sách cũng đuầ vào một loạt các cụm từ có tần suất cao, ví ơụ at themoment, never mind, cũng như cấc mục từ cực kỳ hữu dụng trong ngữ cảnh đặc biệt, ví

dụ main course trong một nhà hàng hoặc hand ỉuggage trong một sần.bay.

We have taken great care to ensure that learners will be able tounderstand the meaning of all the new words and phrases by supplyinga clear illustration, a simple glossary definition, or an example of eachword or phrase. Learners should be aware that many English wordshave more than one meaning. They should refer to an appropriatelearner’s dictionary for information on other meanings. (See Hou) to learn netv words in the Starter unit for advice.)

Sách đã được biên soạn mộỉ cách thận trọng ơể bảo đảm rằng người học sẽ có thể

hiểu ý nghĩa cùa ỉấỉ cả các từ mới và các cụm từ bằng cách cung cấp phần minh hoạ rõ

ràng, định nghĩa về danh mục từ vựng hoặc ví dụ của mỗi ỉừ hoặc cụm từ. Học viên sẽ

nhận biết nhiều tiếng Anh cỏ trên một nghĩa. Họ cũng nên tham khảo thêm từ điển tiếng

Anh phù hợp để hiểu thêm thông tin về các nghĩa khác. (Hãy xem mục How to learn new

words trong phẩn start để có được lời khuyên.)

How can teachers use the material in the classroom? - Giáo viên có thể sử dụng giáo trình này trong lớp như th ế nào?

New vocabulary is presented through visuals, tables or differenttypes of text, including dialogues. The meaning of new vocabulary is



10 INTRODUCTION

explained in an accompanying mini-glossary unless it is illustrated invisuals or diagrams. Particularly important items are highlighted bym ea ns of ‘spo tligh t’ boxes.

Từ vựng mới được trình bày thông qua các hình ảnh, bảng hoặc các loại ngữ cảnh khác nhau kể cả bảng hội thoại. Nghĩa của từ vựng mới được giải thích kèm theo một

danh mục từ vựng nhỏ trừ khi nó được minh hoạ bằng hình ảnh hoặc sơ đồ. Các mục từ

đặc biệt quan trọng được nêu bật bằng cách dùng các khung ‘spotlight’.

Here is a procedure you could follow:

Dưới đây là phương pháp mà bạn cố thể tuẫn theo:

Students study the presentation for 5-10 minutes (longer if

necessary).Học viên nghiên cứu phần trình bày trong khoảng từ 5 đến 10 phút (lâu hơn nếu cầnị

• You answer any queries the students may have about the items,and provide a pronunciation model of the items for your studen tsto repeat. t

Bạn trả lời bất cứ câu hỏi nào mà học viên gặp phải về các mục từ, và cung cấp

một cách phát âm của các mục từ và học viên cẩn phải Ịập lại.

• Stud en ts do the first exercise, which they can check forthemselv es using the answer key, or you can go over the answerswith the whole class.

Học viển phải làm bài tập thử nhất, qua đó họ có thể tự mình kiểm tra bằng cách

sử dụng answer key, hoặc bạn cố thể ơưa ra toàn bộ các câu trả lời trước lớp.

• When you are satisfied, you can ask stud en ts to go on to furtherexercises, while you monitor them as they work individually or

in pairs, and assist where necessary.Lúc bạn hài lòng, bạn có thể yêu cầu học viên thực hành cấc bài tập chuyên sâu

hơn, ỉrong khi bạn giấm sát họ làm bài. từng cá nhân hoặc theo từng cặp và ượ

giúp lúc cần thiết.

• When they have com pleted the written exercises, studen ts canoften test themselves on the new vocabulary using the covercard enclosed with the book. The material has been designedso that students can cover the new items while they look at thevisuals and test themselves. They can do the same with someof the tables and glossaries: cover the new vocabulary andlook at the meaning, or vice-versa. This is a simple, quick andeasy way for learners to test themselves over and over again,so there is no pressure on you to keep searching for different exercises.



INTRODUCTION 11

Khi học viên đã hoàn tất các bài tập viết, hoe viển họ có thể tự trắc nghiệm

về các từ vựng mới bằng cách ơùng tấm thẻ che lại. Nội dung trong sách này được biên soạn để học viên có thể che nhữngtừ vựng mới trong khi họ vẫn có

thể xem những hỉnh ảnh và tự trắc nghiệm mình. Họ có thể làm cùng điều đó

với một vài bảng biểu và ơanh mục từ vựng: Che từ vựng mới và tìm nghĩa hoặc ngược lại. Đây là một cách đơn giản nhanh chóng và dễ dàng để học viên tự trắc

nghiệm mình luôn mãi. Qua đó không cố áp lực nào tác động trên bạn để bắt

bạn phải tìm kiếm các bài tập khác.

• After a period of time has elapsed, perhaps a coup le of days ora week, you can use the review exercises for furtherconsolidation and testing.

Sau khoảng thời gian trôi qua, có lẽ nhiều ngày hoặc một tuần, bạn có thể dùng các bài tập ôn tập để củng cố và trắc nghiệm chuyên sâu hơn.

• You will often notice the headings ‘About you’ or ‘About yourcountry’. These indicate personalized exercises which givelearners an opportunity to use the new vocabulary within thecontext of their own lives. Students can write answers to these,

but they make ideal pair work activities for learn'ers to practise

their spoken English while using the new vocabulary. If youuse these as speaking activities, students could then write theiranswers (or their partner’s answers) as follow-up. In the answerkey, possible answers for these activities are provided by

proficient non-native speakers from different parts of the world.

Bạn phải thường ghì chú tiêu đề !About you' hoặc 1About your country\ Những

tiêu đề này chỉ định các bài tập đã được cá nhẫn hoá, qua đó cho học viên một

cơ hội để sử dụng từ vựng mới bên trong ngữ cảnh của nơi mà họ sinh sống.

Học viên có thể viết câu trả lời cho những câu hỏi này, nhưng họ cũng có thể hoạt động theo ỉừng cặp để thực hành tiếng Anh nói trong sử đụng từ vựng mót

Nếu bạn ơùng các hoạỉ động nói như thê] học viên có thể viết câu trả lời của họ

(hoặc câu trả lời của bạn học theo sau. Trong phần answer key, cấc câu trả lời

có thể cố dành cho những hoạt động này được cung cấp bởi những người nói

tiếng Anh không phải là người bản xứ từ cac nơi khác nhau trẽn thế giới.

How con students use the material on their own? - Học

viên có thể tự mình dùng cách như th ế nào?The material has been designed so that it can be used effectively

both in the classroom or by learners working alone. If working alone,learners should look at the Starter unit first. For self-study, werecommend that learners use the book alongside the CD-ROM, as itgives them a pronunciation model for every item of vocabulary, as



12 INTRODUCTION

well as further practice exercises. They can check their own answersand use the cover card to test themselves. One advantage of self-study learning is that students can select the topics that interest them,

or the topics where they most need to expand their knowledge.Nội dung trong sách này được thiết kế để nó có thể được dùng một cách hiệu quả cả

trong lớp học lẫn cho những người tự học một mình Nếu tự học, học viên nên xem unit

Starter trước tiên. Để tự học, chúng tôi đề nghi rằng học viển dùng cả sách lẫn CD -

ROM bởi vỉ nó sẽ cung cấp cho họ mộỉ mẫu phát âm cho mỗi một từ cũng như các bài

thực hành chuyên sâu. Họ sẽ kiểm tra câu ỉrả lời của riêng họ rồi che lại để tự trắc

nghiệm. Một Ưu điểm của việc tự học đó là học viên có thể chọn các chủ điểm hấp dẫn

đối với họ, hoặc các chủ điểm mà họ cần thiết để mở rộng kiến thức.



STARTER 13

StarterA How to use a unit - Cách dùng mộ t unit

Study the new words.They are in bold type,

Nghiên cứ u các từ m i. Chúng

thư ờ ng thể hiệ n ở kiể u in đậ m

You can listen to the words on theCD-ROM and pract ise the pronunciation. Or you can look at theword list (at the end of the book) tofind out how to say the words.Bạn có thể nghe các từ trên CD-ROM và thực

hành cách phát âm. Hoặc bạn có thể xem word

list (ở cuối sách) để tìm cách đọc các từ này.

8 Choosing a bo ok

(HoOtt ft* tall baoầ yov I«id*

noLvVOtinoi;

■ J hjri'-umi

Ir rtidV*fcpMirtT

Hii ^rmldh'itftitiv. 1*1

Tbcreiie DMny P»1 t Í wrtlw rtur* (aft !»•"*.•(**.«*.), nUMin^l* known*• *■ *»* »wt*rt), ■ *««k***n i*iumK}

Q tick (/) CO

► /.IV-, r II* Jur*x 2J|?(rl ’1h# frvI*«*?•.»*«W»nộ i*rD#níivi«.‘WiC.J

3 >mJ 'C rt l /wpirC í <t»yIWiiii*'-">>*r»n*dP.’ik\jiX»d"<.WJiyv;,'‘ /'•fwjtw* !' lawful Í -

book J i r tf-e 1#-« ii#i.ĩ tÍ I»| <I' *Ị□ )

0 Compete »h* Ie«t.I I M k n vr rj r * n<tn*tv ux * H»s -SI ► ’•K * U-M'. t-ii ’ <?»« ■!

1 t*í t* Í+ .W)Mitr ti t i o . c ' " i tic^A 'J. * -l 'I »*>•>*.'•>'-T.inry* 1VM, ' r. m*iW*dmU4u >yio (i) p IIV*JI 1«M(Kr i/M* -T*<l "'I'lJ. >' l‘ y r.1I\

t -i tfud n* IWI Í S,N.r Or>si-'i tư ,' Ị7jt !-><f. - I“ ’’"I ~ "1

UM IÍV|M>;« »„u.j'iiniiii*Mk Ji4«vi:,*rf •>

0 Aaovr WOWilt* »rwf inmit, 0<»5*i«ortw» »Iud#nlt ‘.v^ l I rõ c4 bv m V- A*| 'f \J - U>1tiv-rwpoo-2 ;vl A <*:! .Jtrefc-*r»l‘bOD«>y 1WM

\iri|JV1«ow *’ JV'A‘’i I liv-vrt Ji m 'p-i *. 1K ii c*!V) tiv LOWf'i c If * hjfdb# ‘ 'A‘>>

gk>«ury«n>A»ndl(Mk iitiw nwi'-Hrv Wii! «< th«

A glossary explainsthe new wordsMột glossary giải thích

các từ mới

A ‘spotlight’ tells you or theirabout important words.Một ‘spotlight' báo cho bạn

về các từ quan trọng

It

Do the exercises. Checkyour answers in the

answer key.Làm bài tập. Kiểm tra câu trả lời

của bạn trong phần answer key.

I >M- 1he V ix i i l iu l i i ry tovvr i lc o r sp i 'i i k i ibn t i i

yo i i rs i- l t i i) 'A!H >r TV(H ' nr VMUll rVOI !<(. {)! \ l i<N

Hãy dùng từ vự ng ể chính minh

viết và nói vể mình và đâĩ nư ơ c cùa mình

'f ề s

l M’ the- f il t e r I’í»rtl loU ‘M y o u r s e l f .

Dùng đĩa để tự trắ c nghiệ m

T h e r e ' s m o r e p r a i ' l k e i n I h c r e v i e w u n i i. s k in d t u t th e C D -

Có nhiều bài thực hành trong các unit õn tậ p và ừ ên CD-

R O M

ROM.



14 STARTER

B How to learn new word - Cách họ c từ m i«

, l o u i ’ l h i T

iU * l l o u i ' l l u T

• Repe at the words and phrases two or three times tohelp you remember themLặp lại các từ hai hoặc ba lẩn để giúp bạn nhớ chúng.

o m x i m m í x ù

re gr-ẹi slh - fee' sorry about sihmOUiá or áiíln i.ềọ... . ... ,Mu b ro iw re ạp ts Ibe fact thatỉ* M l t finish nis course,

have a row (with sb) - W e an angrydiscussion ,, rs , I , .11Sita had a row with Uad last night..

Perfect Weekend Channel Five

Wednesday 9 p.m. -1 1 p.m.

TVdrama about 3 group of young people who got to know on® iiwlher at unwefSity, and now, five years later, get together for a weekend.But things soon go wrong. John doesn’t get on with Dan, and now realizes they have nothing In common, while Pete regrets the fact that h« spilt up with Amy, the girl he used to go out with.Now Amy is In a serious relationship with Keith (who didn't go to university), and Keith doesn’t like Amy’s old friends. This creates tension in thí group, and soon there's 3 big row. Amy fil ls out with Pele, and Oan and John stop speaking to ftyil other. And t h r u s t the beginning ...

get to know sb mct£

become friends, i

one another eudi <;

get together (of lw(

sociili reason. ‘

go wrong used whc

situation or relaliOt

raa liu sth begin to Ù

know before,

have nothing in corv

no interests that <1»

common. *

regrtt sth / doing tord n'i --

Use a highlighter pen to help youremember difficult words.

Dùng một bút chì màu để giúp bạn nhớ các từ khó.

Complete the text.

M i kt a n d I g o t t o ► Hr0 * o n e ( 1 ) a n o t h e r - w h e n w e w Of i.

summ e r . W e ha d a l o i in (2 ) c o mmo n a nd g o , o n fe a lty ^e i i ( jy jp

serious (3) rela tions hip at the time. Thin it dll went <4» «-<>3h a d a b ig (5 ) a rg ụ m e n t a n d h e ( 6)

o u t w i t h e a c h o t h e r a l m o s t i m m e d i a t e l y

relationship with Inez. He (9) rf if ll iy ./ ne was Jt(1| in )0ve w|th ^ w a s a b i g m i s t a k e .

ime . T h in i t đ ll w e n t <4 > ' ^ O r Q

i e (6 ) rf ^ u p w i t h h er . W e s f

e d ia te ly , but M i lo so o n (8 ) r e < j r e i i « ?

e a l ty i i he w a s s tiH in l o v e w i th he r,

jne(I) anewner ^I ạ l o t in (2 ) cọrrKYiOí đn d go t on i

t 'O fvsK pa t the t ime T he n i t a i l w e nt (4ẩ

Write down new words in a notebook, with the meaning in Englishor your own language,or draw a picture.

Hãy viết cấc từ mới trong tập ghi chú, với nghĩa tiêhg Anh hoặc theo ngôn ngữ của bạn hoặc vẽ một bức hỉnh.

Write down any other important information about a word or phrase, egg. words that of ten go together (a serious relat ionship) or constructions with verbs (regret the fact that). Write your ownexample sentences.

Hãy viết bất kỳ thông tin quan trọng khắc nói vê từ hoặc cụm w ; vỉ dụ những từ



STARTER 15

thường đi chung với nhau (a serious relationship) hoặc cấu trúc với động từ (regret the

fact thatị . Hãy viết các câu ví dụ của riêng bạn.

• Use a pencil for the exercises. Check your answers, then rub the mout and do them again a week later.

Dùng bút chì để làm bài tập. Hãy kiểm tra câu trả lởi, rồi gom chúng và làm lại một

tuần sau đó.

• You can do the exercises in the review units, or the CD-ROM exercises,after each unit. Or do them a month later to test yourself, perhapsafter you’ve studied all the units in that module (e.g. ‘The worldaround us’).

Bạn có thể làm các bài tập trong các unit ôn tập hoặc các bài tập trong đĩa CD- ROM

sau mỗi unit. Hoặc làm chủng một tháng sau khi đã ĩự mình trắc nghiệm, có lẽ sau khi bạn đã học tất cả cấc unit trong module đó (vỉ dụ. “Thếgiới quanh ta".

• Look at the vocabulary building tables at the back of the book.

Hẫy xem bảng cấu tạo từ vựng ở cuối sách.

• Go to the website (www.oup.com/elt/wordskills) for more usefulmaterials and more practice.

Hãy vào website www.oup.com/elt/wordskills để biết thêm nội dung hữu ích và thực hành thêm.

Buy a good dictionary for yourlevel. The OxfordWordpower

Dictionary (Oxford UniversityPress) is very good forintermediate learners. Hăy mua mộ t quyể n sách từ điền tố t phù hợ p v i cấ p

độ của bạn. Quyền Oxford[University Press) thì rấ t tấ t cho các họ c viên trình độ

OxfordUORDPOWI-.K Dictionary

http://www.oup.com/elt/wordskills






16 STARTER

c Abbreviations and symbols - Các chữ viế t tăt và ký hiệ u.

N noun usu usuallyV verb c countable noun (A countable noun can beADJ adjective used withalan and can have a plural form.)ADV adverb u uncountable noun (An uncountable nounOPP opposite (for example, modest is the cannot usually be used with a/an and

opposite ofarrogant) usually has no plural form.)SYN synonym (a word that means the same as PT past tense (the past simple form of an

another word; for example, dmwbcit'k is a irregular verb)synonymofdisadvantage) I’P past partiđpỉc

INF informal (If a word orphrase is informal, sth something (used in glossaries and tables,you use it when you are speaking to friends e.g. regret sth)or people you know well.) sb ; somebody (used in glossaries and tables,

FML formal (If a word or phrase is formal, you e.g. dismiss sb)use it at important and serious times with etc. used at the end of a lisl to show there are

people you don’t know well, or in written other things, but you aren't going to sayEnglish.) them ail

PL plural e.g. for example (as in: jewellery, e g. earrings,S1NG singular

1 __

necklace)

Vowels (N guy ên âm ) Consonants (Phụ âm)

i: see Isi'J p pen /pen/

i happy /'h$pi/ b bad /basd/

I sit /sít/ t tea /ti:/

e ten /ten/ d did /did/

X hat /ta/ k cat /kaet/

a: father /Ta:ỗ3(ry 9 got /gDƯ

D got /got/ tí cheap /tji:p/

o: saw /sa/ . d3 jam /d3aem/

u put /put/ f fall M ỉ

u casual /'kae3U3l/ V verb /V3:b/

u: too _____ /tu:/A cup /kAp/ 8 thin ______ /6in/ỗ this /ồis/



STARTER 17

3 about /a'baot/ z zero /ziarsu/

ei say /sei/ I shoe /Ju:/

30 go /gao/ 3 television /’teliv^n, teh'v^n/

ai five /faiv/ h hat /h£t/

ao now /nau/ m map /maep/ .

31 boy / m / n no /nau/

13 near /ni3(r)/ 0 sing /sir)/

ea hair /hes(r)/ i leg >leg/

U3 sure /Ju3(r)/ r red /red/

j yes /jes/

w wet /wet/



18 REVIEW: LEARNING

1 1can talk about vocabulary learning Tôi có thể nóỉ về việ c họ c từ vự ng

A Reading - Đọ c

Tips for readingWhen you’re reading in a foreign language, you should try toget the gist of the text. You will meet vocabulary you don’trecognize, but you can often go through the text I ag a in . Ifso, try this:

• Identify the new words and

phrases which seem to be

important. Try to guess the

meaning from the context, and/or t. use a dictionary.

• Keep a record of the words in a notebook, and, if possible,

make a note of any special information. For example, is theword formal or informal? Is it used in a particular kind ofconstruction, e.g. a verb that is often followed by a preposition?

• Write a translat ion if you think it helps; sometimes it isn ’tnecessary.

Các lời khuyên dành cho reading

Khi bạn đọc bằng tiếng nưổc ngoài, bạn phải cố gắng đoán ra ý chính của bài đọc. Bạn sẽ gặp các từ vựng mà bạn không biêĩ nghĩa, nhưng bạn thường có thể

đọc Ịạị bài đọc lần nữa. Nếu vậy, hãy thử làm điều này:

• Xác định các từ mới và các cụm từ có vẻ quan trọng, cố gắng đoán ra nghĩa căn cứ vào ngữ cảnh, và/ hoặc dùng từ điển.

• Ghi chép lại các từ vựng trong một quyển tập, và nêu có thể hãy ghi chủ bất

cử thông tin đặc biệt nào. Vỉ dụ, từ đố là trang trọng hay là không trang trọng?

Nó được dùng theo loại câu trúc đặc biệt hay không chẳng hạn như thường được theo sau bởi một giới từ?

• Hãy ơịch nó ra nếu như nó giúp ích cho bạn; có khi việc này là không cần thiết.



LEARNING 19

^ f o r m a !

We use formal language to appear serious or official, or sometimes when wedon't know people well. OPP informal, formality N.OPP informality.

’ Chủng ta dùng ngôn ngữ trang trọng để thể hiện sự nghiêm túc hoặc chỉnh thức, hoặc có khi chúng ỉa không biết rõ về người khác. _____________________________

Glossaryforeign ỉhuộc nước ngoài from a country that is not your own (a person

is a foreigner).

gist ý chỉnh SING The gist of sth is the general meaning but notall the details.

text đoạn văn the written part of a book, newspaper, etc.recognize sb/sth nhận biết know who sb is or what sth is because

you’ve seen or heard them before, recognition N.

go through sth đọc cẩn thận từ đầu đến cuối read sth carefully from beginning to end.

identify sth xấc định recognize sth and decide what it is.

guess sth đoản give an answer to sth without being sure of the facts,

guess N.context ngữ cảnh the words before and after the new word or phrase that help you to understand the meaning.

keep a record of sth ghi chép lại write sth down to help you remember it.record sth V.

make a note of sth ghi chủ write sth down quickly to help youremember it.

construction cấu trúc the way words are used togethe r in a sentence,construct sth V.

translation bản dịch a text that has been changed from one languageinto another , translate sth V.

o Replace the words in italics with a single word th at has the same meaning - Thay th ế các từ in ngh iêng bằng m ột từ có cùng nghĩa.

► I looked at the pictures but didn’t understand the wri t ten

part .

1 I un ders tood the general meaning of the text............

2 We couldn’t recognize and decide what language they werespeaking ............



20 REVIEW: LEARNING

3 The way you use words together to make a sentence in Germanis different.............

4 He is f rom another count ry ............

5 You can guess the meaning from the LVords before and after

the new ivord .............

6 There was a text which I had to change from one language into

another .............

©C o m p lete the dialogues - Hoàn thành đoạn hộ i thoại.

- ► Is ‘How do you do’ ~ Yes, we usually just say

1 Did you know the answer? No, I had to2 Did you understand everything? ~ No, but I got th e ........... of it.

3 Did you ........... everyone? ~ There were one or two people1 didn 't know.

4 Were there m any ...........? ~ No, all the people were from thiscountry.

5 Did you unde rstand the text? ~ Yes, but can w e ........... through it

again?6 Do you make a ........... of new words? ~ Yes, I keep a ............. in

my notebook.

B Speaking and listening N ó i v à n g h e

r , A• In a conversation, you can often ask someone to rep eat words

or phrases you don’t understand, and explain the meaning toyou.

Trong mộ t bài hộ ỉ thoạ i, bạ n thư ờ ng có thể yêu cầ u ngư ờ i khác lặ p lạ i các từ hoặ c cụ m từ mà bạ n không hiể u, hoặ c là giả i thích nghĩa củ a từ đó cho bạ n.

• Repeat new words to yourself, so you know how to pronouncethem.

Hãy lặ p lạ i các từ m i cho chính bạ n nghe, do đó bạ n biế t cách để phát âm các t ừ này.

• Look for opportun ities to prac tise them when you’re speaking.Don’t be a fraid to experim ent with new language, and don’tworry about making mistakes.

Hãy tìm cơ hộ i thự c hành chúng khi bạ n nói. Đừ ng e ngạ i mà hãy làm th ử L nghiệ m v i t ừ ngữ môi, và đừ ng lo l ắ ng về viêc bị mắ c lỗ i.



LEARNING 21

It’s important to revise new vocabulary. If not, you may forget itquite quickly.

Việ c ôn lạ i từ vự ng m i là rấ t quan trọ ng. Nế u không, bạ n có th ể quên tử vự ng rấ t nhanh

.Remember: there isn’t a correct method of learning vocabulary.Do what works for you.

Hãy nh rằ ng: không cỏ mộ t phư ơ ng pháp chính xác cho việ c họ c từ vự ng. Hãy làm nhữ ng gì có thể mang ỉạ i kế t quả cho bạ n

spotlight conversat ion , chat, discussion, argument

A conversation is a talk between two or more people. You can also have a cha<

with sb, which is a friendly informal conversation (chat v). A discussion about sth iswhen you talk about something seriously (discuss sth v).

An argument is a discussion in which people disagree, often angrily.

Mộ t cuộ c hộ i thoạ i là cuộ c nói chuyện giữ a hai hoặ c nhiều ngư ờ i. Bạ n cũ ng có thể nói chuyện phiế m vở i ai đố , đó là mộ t cuộ c nói chuyện thẫ n thiệ n và không trang trọ ng. Mộ t cuộ c thả o luậ n vể vấn đề gì đó lò khi bạ n nói về vấ n đề đó mộ t cách nghiêm túc.

Mộ t cuộ c tranh luậ n là mộ t cuộ c ìhả o luậ n mà mọ i ngư ờ i không đồ ng ý v i nhau, thư ờ ng giậ n dữ .

Glossaryrepeat s th lặ p lạ i say sth again, repetition N.

explain sth giả i th ích mak e sth clear or easy to un derstand, explanation N.

pronounce sth phát ầm make the sound of a word or letter, pronunciation N.

opportunity cơ hột a time when it is possible to do sth that you wantto do. SYNC chance.experiment with sth lầm thí nghiệm try sth to see what result it has.

make mistak esmẩc /ổ/NOT doroistakes.

revise sth ổn tậ p study sth again (you do revision),

method ph ư ơ ng pháp a way of doing sth.

work mang lạ i kết quả như mong muốn get or have the result you want.

© W h a t nouns are formed from these verbs? - Danh từ nào được thành lập từ các động từ sau đây.

► discuss <ii4c.ajL4io.Ku 2 pronounce ...... . . . .4 revise .............

1 repeat ........... 3 explain............ 5 ch a t ............

0 Circle the correct answer - Khoanh tròn trả lời đúng.

► If you explain something, you make it easy to say / (unde rsta nd)



22 REVIEW: LEARNING

1 If you revise something , you say it again /stud y it again.

2 If something works, it is successful/d ifficu lt.

3 If you experiment with something, you try something /find

something.4 You can do/make a mistake.

5 A method is an opportunity to do something/a way of doingsomething.

6 A chat is a formal/an informal conversation.

©C o m p lete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu .

► We had a cAK.t7GA.4Ai.iaK on the phone last night.1 We had a serious........... in class today about politics.

2 My brother’s got an ........... to work in Paris next year. Lucky him.

3 I saw Joelle in town arid we had a quick..............She told meabout the wedding.

4 I used a new method for cooking the rice and it really ............ Youmust try it.

5 Do you think we’ll have a ........... to go shopping when we’re inMilan?

@ M Test yourself . Cover the glossary meanings and look at the words. What are the meanings? - Hãy che ngh ĩa Ở

ph ần glo ss ary rồ i xem lại các từ. Nghĩa của các từ là gì?



LEARNING 23

2 1can describe my progress and aimsA • y* ____Ạ t ? ______ Ạ ________9 t m I A ______*

T ô i C Ó t h e m o t á v e s ự t i e n b ộ v à0 0

mụ c đích củ a tôi 0 Ỉ- * ' ' - -------^ ;.J

A Making progress ^

f Đat đư ơ c sư tiế n bôt # • 9

When I started learning English, I was very e n th u si as tic and m o tiv ate d ,

but I found the pronunciation difficult a nd people couldn’t always understandme. A f te r a w hi le my pronunciation im prov ean d I was ab le to ex p re ss

basic ideas quite e f fe c tiv e ly . I t was o b v io u s th a t I was g e t t in g b e t t e r ,

a nd tha t was very e n c o u r a g ing .

But a t in termed ia te level, I m ad e s lower p ro g re ss . There were so

many new words and p hrases, but also words tha t I could und erstand

but couldn’t use a c c u r a te ly . I th in k I w a s more a w a r e o f my m istakes,

which w as good - but a lso f r u s tra t in g .

Khi yôi bắ t đ ầ u h ọ c t iế ng Anh, tô i r ấ t là hãng hái và h ứ ng thú , nh ư ng tô i

th ấ y đư ợ c cách p h á t â m r ấ t k hó và ngư ờ i ta h ầ u n h ư k h ôn g h iể u n h ữ n g gì

tôi nói. Sau m ộ t thờ i gian v iệ c ph át âm củ a tôi đã đư ợ c c ả i thi ệ n và tôi có

t h ể d iễ n đ ạ t nh ữ ng ý cơ b ả n rấ t h iệ u quả . Rõ ràng là tô i đã có t iế n bộ và

'đ iề u đó r ấ t là đáng khích lệ .

N hư ng kh i họ c đ ế n trình độ trung cấ p, tô i tiế n bộ chậ m hơ n. Có quá

n h iề u từ và cụ m t ừ m i, và c ủ n g cố n hiề u từ m à tôi có t h ể h i ể u n hư n g

không th ể d ừ ng mộ t cách ch ính xác. Tôi ngh ĩ tô i có th ể nh ậ n ra đ ư ợ c các lỗ i củ a m ì n h n h iề u hơ n, điề u nà y th ậ t là t ố t - nh ư n g củ n g th ậ t là bự c

mình.

Glossaryenthusiastic h ẫ n g tìấ i very interested in sth or excited by it.enthusiasm N.

motivated h ứ n g thú If you are motivated, you really want to do sth. motivation N.after a while sa u m ộ t thờ i g ian after a period of time.

improve cải thỉện become better. SYNS get better, make progress, improvement N.express sth diền đạt say or show what you think or feel.

effectively một cách hiệu quả in a way tha t gives you the result youwant, effective ADJ.



2 4 REVIEW: LEARNING

obvious hiể n rthỉên easily seen and understood. SYN clear.

encouraging đáng khích lệ If sth is encouraging, it gives you hope andm ake s you want to continue, encourag e V. en cou ragem ent N.

accurately m ộ t các h c hính x ác with no m istakesa ccura te AD J.

be aw are of s th n hậ n b iế t đ iề u gì If you are aware of sth, you know about it.

frustrating g â y b ự c m ìn h making you annoyed b ecause you can not do sth yo iTwant to do. frustration N.

o Comp lete the sentences using the words on the right in the correct form - Hoàn thành câu bằng việc dùng từ ở bên ph ải ở hình thức đúng .

► She did the work very &ỊịỊịf&ịịụ&§ị. EFFECTIVE

1 He gave me a lot o f ......... ENCOURAGE

2 I think my English is .. .. .. .. IMPROVEMENT

3 My mother speaks English very .......... ACCURATE

4 It’s .........when you can’t understand ...........FRUSTRATION

5 He doesn’t have much .......... MOTIVATED

6 I was very .........when I star ted. ENTHUSIASM

© Replace the underlined word or phrase with a word or phrase that has the same meaning - Thay t hế từ hoặc c ụm từ gạch dưởi bằng từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa.

► She shows lots of interest and excitement, eKfituU<UHL

1 Do you think your English is improving?................

2 1 didn ’t worry about my mistakes after a period of tim e ................3 Where are you making the most improvem ent? ................

4 It’s clear that he do es n’t know the difference betw een lend andb o r r o w ...................

5 She can speak French without mistak es ................

6 I think she knows about the pro blem .................

7 I can say most of the things 1 need to ................

8 I m ak e a lot of mistakes, which is annoying. ................

£ 1 Test yourself. Look at the gloss ary wor ds and cover w the meanings. What are the meanings? - Hãy nhìn từ

Ở gloss ary và che nghĩa. Nghĩa củ a từ là g ì?



LEARNING 25

B Future goals

Các mụ c tiêu trong tư ơ ng íai

felipe'ijcals

• I M Ì z r > t a n Á evenjd a y t y l í i k , b u t nuj w c a h u U r i j K U Ì ì tỗ v c p c u u ỉ 56 that ỉcan u n d i n t a n d

a. vou u r c u u ị t đ( Skbji c t b , a n d . t )C p ri ỉ> $ (nỗre

C õ ỉ K p U ì C úíeas

• í i í í U tỗ b i M r t {ÍUMẾ wfieii r*i sp w ti^ , and

b e a b l e tớ t a l k a b õ u t t b i iH p Í K niỗre d e t a i l ,/M ỉm d , tỗ jet tetter at usth.^ appropriate

Unjuaijfc Jua IÍ,peat.

• Ican uiukr^tWjeiverai tlũiys, but í toíut tỗ read ,

texto tfiafc are relevant tfl nuj work, w SÕ/1VỀfif

tivesc contain quite s p i c u d i z i d , Uiujwyt.

Các mụ c tiêu củ a Felipe

TÔI hiểu tiế ng Anh thông thư ờ ng, như ng tôi cẩ n phả i mở rộ ng từ vự ng để mà tôi cố thể hiể u đư ợ c nhiều chủ để khác nhau, và diễn đạ ỉ đư ợ c nhữ ng ý thư ở ng

phứ c tạ p hơ n.

Tôi muố n nói tiếng Anh trôi chả y hơ n, và cố thể nói về nhữ ng thứ khác nhau chi tiế t hơ n, Và tôi cẩ n

phả i biế t cách dùng ngôn ngữ phù hợ p hơ n khi tôi nố i

chuyện,Tôi có thể hiểu nhữ ng thứ tố ng quát, như ng tôi

muố n đọ c nhữ ng bài đọ c cố liên quan đến công việc củ a tôi và mộ t số nhữ ng bài đọ c này có chứ a rấ ỉ nhiều ỉừ ngữ chuyên ngành.

contain and includespotlightWe can often use contain or include with the same meaning.

The fiim contains/include s scenes ofviolence.

Sometimes we can only use one of the verbs.The box contains magazines. (There aremagazines inside the box.)

The price indudes service. (Service is one partof the price.)

Chúng ta có thể dùng contain hoặ c include v i cùng nghĩa.

Bộ phim này có rấ t nhiề u cả nh bạ o lự c.

Đôi khi chúng ta chì đư ợ c dùng mộ t trong hai độ ng từ này.

Chiếc hộ p này có đự ng các tờ tạ p chí.

Giá này cố tỉnh luôn cả phí dịch vụ .

Glossarygoal mục tiêu a thing you want to be able to do in the future. SYN aim.

everyday th ôn g th ư ờ n g normal or usual.expand m ở rộ ng become bigger or make sth bigger.

a wide range m ộ i s ố lư ợ ng l n a large n um ber of different things.

complex ph ứ c tạ p not simple; often difficult to understand. SYN complicated.fluent trôi ch ả y able to speak a foreign language easily and well, fluently ADV.

in detail m ộ t c á c h ch i tiế t fully and including a lot of information.



26 REVIEW: LEARNING

appropriate phù hợ p right or suitable in a particular situation. COPP inap prop riate.

relevant to sth có liẽ rí quan đ ế n ư iệ c g ì useful for and connected to sth. EPPirrelevant.

specialized chuyên b ỉ ệ t, chuyên ngành . having or needing a lot of specialknowledge.

o Replace the underlined words with a synonym - Thay the từ gạch dưới bằng từ đồng nghĩa.

► The story is complex.qwjpfesfttsrf..

1 I sp eak Russian very well............ 4 The business got bigger

2 It’s part of normal life............ 5 It’s not suitable hefe3 It isn ’t connected to my work .......... 6 My goal is to get to univer

sity..............

©C o m p le te the dialogues with a suitable word - Hoàn thành đoạn h ội thoại với từ ph ù hợp.

► Was the information important for your report? - No, it was .................

2 It wasn’t a suitable word to use. ~ 1agree, it was ...........

3 Is it a simple problem? ~ No, it’s quite ...........

4 Is this yoghurt bad for you? ~ Mo it does n’t any fat .............

5 Is her vocabulary getting bigger? ~ Yes, it’s definitely ...........

6 Do you need any special knowledge? ~ Yes, it’s very ...........

7 Is the hotel room expensive? ~ Yes, but the price ........... dinner.

8 Were there many subjects? ~ Yes, quite a wide...........of topics.

© ABOUT YOU Write down your learning goals, or tell another student - Viết ra các mụ c tiêu học tập của bạn, hoặc nó i cho họ c v iên khác biết.



LEARNING 27

3 I can understand a learner’s

dictionary - Tôỉ có thể hiể u đư ợ c từ điể n dành cho nợ ự ờ ỉ họ cHow can a learner’s dictionary help you? These examples are fromOxford Wordpower Dictionary - Một cuốn từ điển ơành cho người đọc có thể hỗ

trợ bạn bằng cách nào? Các ví dụ sau đây được trích từ Oxford Wordpower Dictionary.

w i n /wm/ verb (winning; pt, pp won /wAn/) 1[I, T] to be the best, first or strongest in a

o ' " ...... race, game, competition, etc.: to win Q game/\ match/championship * I never win ot table tennis.

* Which party do you think will win the next elec- V tion? 2 [T] to get money, a prize, etc. as a result

^ of success in a competition, race, etc.: We won a trip to Australia. ♦ Who won the gold medal? * He

- won the jackpot in the lottery.

Note that we earn (not win) money atour job: I earn £75 000 a year.

CsZSI win/ los e the toss o tossyou can't win (informal) there is no way of

^being completely successful or of pleasing•**’ everyone: Whatever you do you will upset

somebody. You can't win.

ram win sb ove r/round (to sth) to persuade^ sb to support or agree with you: They're against

the proposal at the moment, but I'm sure we can win them over.

8

¥ mistake1 /n u 's te ik / noun [C ] som eth in g th at.......you th ink or do that i s wrong: Try not to make

ah ^m iitake s in your essays. • a spelling mistake* It was a big mistake to trust her. * I made the mistake of giving him m y address.

IE 2I b y m is tak e as a re su lt o f b e in g carel es s : The terrorists shot the wrong man by mistake.

mistakeError is more formal than m ista ke : a comput ing error. When you make a mistake you d o s t h w r o n g : I got the answer wrong . » You

must have the wrong number (= on the phone) . Fa ult ind icates who is responsib le for sth bad: The Occident wasn 't my fa ult. The other driver pulled o ut in front o f me. F a u l t is also used to describe a problem o r weak ness that sb /sth ha i: ừ technical fault. '

guy / ga i / noun 1 [CH/nformaO a man or boy: He's a nice guy. 2 guys [pi] (informal) used when speaking to a group of men and women: What do you guys want to eat?



28 REVIEW: LEARNING

Chú thích hình:

1. Phonetic symbols help with pronunciation. You can find out whichsyllable is stressed - Cấc kỷ hiệu phiên ẫm sẽ giúp bạn hiểu vê cách phẩỉ âm. Bạn

có thể tỉm ra ơược âm tiết nào được nhấn mạnh.

2. It can teach you related words: this helps you build your vocabularyand select the correct word for your needs - Từ điên có thê hướng dẫn cho bạn

các từ có liên quan: điều này giúp bạn tăng cường vốn ỉừ vựng và giúp bạn chọn ra

từ phủ hợp với nhu cầu của bạn.3. Different meanings of the word are given In the definitions, which arein simple English - Những nghĩa khác nhau của cùng một từ được trình bày trong

phần định nghĩa, được diễn đạt bằng tiếng Anh đơn giản.

4. The dictionary helps you avoid making m istakes,and helps withgrammar - Từ điển này giúp bạn ỉránh không bị sai những lỗi thường gặp và giúp

bạn củng cố nghữ pháp.

5. Idioms and phrasal verbs are at the end of the entry- Nhữ ng thành ngữ và

ngữ động ỉừ được trình bày ở cuôl mỗi một từ.

6. Examples of usage are provided - Những vỉ ơụ về cách dùng được cung cấp.

7. W ords that are often used tog ethe r (collocations) are given in bold- Các

từ thường được dùng chung với nhau (kết hợp ngữ) được thể hiện bằng từ in đậm.

8. It helps you with style: for instance, whether words are formal,informal, slang, offensive, etc - Từ điển giúp bạn hiểu được về vẫn phong: chẳng hạn, những từ ngữ này là văn phong trang trọng, thân mật, là từ lóng, có tính thô lõ, w.

Glossarydefinition định nghỉa an exact statem ent of what a word or phrasedefine sth V .

avoid doing sth tránh lầm uỉệc gì đô If you avoid doing sth, you try not todo or exp erience it.

idiom thành ng ừ a group of words whose meaning is different from them ean ings of the individual words (also expression).

entry m ụ c từ one of a list of items included in a dictionary, list, etc.(There are th ree dictionary en tries on this page .)

provide sth c u ng c â p t hứ gì give sth to sb or m ake sth available for sb.style uan phortg the way sth is written or spoken (e.g. an informalstyle, a formal style).

for instance DÍ dụ , ch ẳ ng hạ n SYNC for example.

sỉang t ừ long very informal words or ph rases u sed in spo ken languag e.

offensive mang tính, súc ph ạ m rude and likely to ups et sb. o ffen d s b V.

symbol k ý hiệ u a letter, number, or sign that has a particular meaning(e.g. the symbol /f/ is pronounced ‘she’).



LEARNING 29

syllable ấ m tiế t a part of a word which contains a vowel sound. (Go has onesyllable and prefe r has two syllables.)

relate sth to sth ỉ iêíì hẹ điề u gì ư i đi ề u khác connect sth to sth. related ADJ.

build sth tăng cư ờ ng make sth bigger; increase sth.

select sth ch ọ n lọ c SYN choose sth (but select is more formal), selection N.

spotlight stress and emphasize

Both verbs mean to say a syllable, word, or phrase with extra loudness. The relatednouns are stress (on stb) and emphasis (on sth).

The stress is on the first syllable. Don'temphasize ev er / word. They are also usedto say that sth is important.

The newspapers stressed the need for urgent action.

The emphasis is mainly on education.

Cả hai độ ng từ đề u có nghĩa nố i về mộ t âm tiế t, từ , hoặ c cụ m ỉừ có âm lư ợ ng ỉ n hơ n. Các danh từ có liên quan /ầstress (on sth) và emphasis (on stlĩ).

Dấ u nhấ n nằ m ở âm tiế t thứ nhấ t. Đừ ng nhấ n mạ nh tấ t cả mọ i từ . Chúng cũ ng cố thể đư ợ c dùng để nói rằ ng việc gì đó là quan trọ ng.

Các tờ báo đã nhấ n mạ nh các nhu cầ u cầ n ỉhiể t phả i hành độ ng khẩ n cấ p.

Trọ ng tâm nhấ n mạ nh chủ yế u là vào ngành giáo dụ c.

o Is the meaning the same or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa giố ng nhau hay khác nhau? Viết s hoặc D.

► The city is fantastic: for example, the buildings are very impressive.

1 That’s a useful idiom to know.

2 Is that collocation correct?

3 What she said was very rude.

4 Does he use a lot of slang?

5 Can you avoid mistakes?

6 Make sure you select the rightright number.

7 The stress is on the first threeletters.8 It doesn't give ail the answers.

The city is fantastic: for instance,the buildings are veryimpressive...S....

That’s a useful expression to

know......Is that definition correct?...

What she said was offensive.....

Does he use a lot of idioms?.....

Can you define mistakes?.......

Make sure you choose thenumber. .........

The emphasis is on the firstthree letters .........It doesn't provide all the answers. .......



30 REVIEW: LEARNING

© C o m p le te the sentences with a word from the box - Hoàn thành câu với từ được cho trong khung .

symbols offending related entry V selection syllable

instan ce s tress idiom provide build collocations entry

► In a dictionary, foreigner comes after the.^M&.for foreign .

1 Dictionaries have many uses: for ........... , to find out meaning, or check pronunciation.

2 Does your local bookshop have a good........... of dictio nar ies for sale?

3 Some dictionaries can help you ...........your vocabulary if theysynonyms and opposites, or other ...........words.

4 A diction ary ca n tell you which words are rude so th at you canavoid............people.

5 You can check the pronunciation of any word in the dictionary bylooking at the phonetic............and noting which............is stressed.

6 Good luck! is given as a n ........... in the d ictionary, at the end of the............for luck,

7 Dictionaries often tell you which wo rds go toge ther. E xam ples o f ...........aremake a mistake and take a photo.

8 In the word emphas is , th e ........... is on the first syllable.

0 Now look at the dictionary entries on the left-hand page. Answer the ques tions - Bây giờ hãy nhìn những mục từ điển ở trang b ên trái. Trả lời câu hỏi.

► Which syllable is stressed in mistakeP'Jk'r.^9.^.4.

1 Which related words are given for mistake and make a mis

take?...................2 How man y definitions are there in the e ntry for g u y ? .....................

3 What style is the idiom You can 't win?.....................

4 Is g u y an offensive Word?.....................

5 W hich pho netic sy mb ols are given for g u y ? .....................

6 Are these s entenc es correc t?.....................

a) I h a v en ’t got th e keys, bu t it’s no t m y fault; J o lost th em ......................

b) My dad wins a lot of m oney in his jo b .......................



LEARNING 31

4 1can talk about English punctuationT 1 A • / I í ^ y # /À Í y _ •7oỉ CÓ the noi ve quy tac viet dau

chấ m câu trong tiế ng AnhA Punctuation marks - Các dấ u chấ m câulTi1 full stop 7 apostrophe

2 comma 8 hyphen

3 colon 9 dash

4 semicolon 10 brackets5 question mark 11 slash

6 exclamation mark 12 quotation marks

o Comp lete the words for the punctuation marks - Hoàn thành từ đ ể ch ỉ dấu chấm câu.

► c o m .......... S q u e s t i o n m ............

1 f u 1 1 s ........ 6 e X c e ỉ a ......... m ........

2 c o 1........... 7 s e m i..........

3 h y p ..... . 8 a p o ............................

4 b r a .........

© W h a t punc tuation is used in 1-8 below? You do n’t need to repeat full stop each t ime - Dâu chấm câu được dùng Ở1 - 8 dưới đây? Bạn không cần phải lặp lại full stop ở mỗ i lẩn .

► We went home early

1 She had long, blonde hair .....................

2 What are you doing?....................

3 Congratulations!.....................

4 It’s too late.....................

5 I looked in the fridge; it was empty .....................6 Someone (not me) left the door open.......................

7 A five-minute walk — and he still took a taxi.........................

8 ‘It’s only me,’ he said..........................



32 REVIEW: LEARNING

e f tTes t yourse l f . Cover the words and look a t t he punctuation marks. What are they? - Hãy che từ và xem c ác dấu chấm câu. Chúng là các dấu gì?

B Punctuation rules - Các quy tắ c chấ m câu

SOME IMPORTANT PUNCTUATION RULES

MỘT SỐ QUY TẮC CHẤM CÂU QUAN TRỌNG

A full stop is used at the end of a sentence that is not a question oran exclamation, and is sometimes used in abbreviations. Eachnew sentence must begin with a capital letter.

Một dấu chấm được dùng ở cuối một câu mà không phải là câu hỏi hoặc cầu cảm thári, và đôi khi được dùng trong cắc ký hiệu viết tắt. Mỗi câu mồi phải bắt đầu bằng một mẫu tự in hoa.

A comma in writing is like a pause in speech. It is used:

Một dấu phây trong văn viết thì giống như một là sự tạm dừng trong văn nói. Nó đượcơùng:

- to separate parts of a sentence, e,g. A fte r cue le ft, someone trie d

to phone us.

để tách rời các phần cŨẫ một câu, chẳng hạn: After we left, someone tried to phone us.

- between adjectives, e.g. A big, expensive car .

giữa các tính từ, chẳng hạn : A big, expensive car.

- to sep ar ate w ords in a list, thou gh it is often om itted before and, e.g. / w en t to Fra nce, Ge rm any, Italy and Spain .

để tách rời các từ trong một danh sách, mặc ơù nó thường được bỏ đi ở trước and, chẳng hạn, Ị went to France, Germany, Italy and Spain.

- when words or phrases interrupt the normal progression of asentence, e.g. / dec ided , however, that I needed something to eat f i r s t

khi các từ hoặc cụm từ cách nêu tiến trình bình thường của một câu, chẳng hạn. /decided, howeverthat Ị needed something to eat first

V ---- -- . >



LEARNING 33

r ~ ™ — -

A colon is often used to introduce further details such as anexplanation or a list, e.g. The shop is fu l l o f antiques: dinin g tables, chairs , wardrobes, mirrors, and so on.

Một dấu hai chấm thường được dùng để giới thiệu thêm thông tin như là sự giải thích

hoặc một danh sách, chẳng hạn: The shop is full of antiques: dining tables, chairs, wardrobes, mirrors, and so on.

A semicolon is sometimes used instead of a full stop when twosentences are very closely connected, or to separate two mainclauses, especially ones that ar en ’t joined by a conjunction suchas and or bu t, e.g.

Một dấu chấm phẩy có khi ƠƯỢC dùng thay cho một ơấu chấm khi hai câu có quan

hệ rất mật thiêĩ, hoặc để tách rời hai mệnh đề chỉnh, đặc biệt là các mệnh đề mà không được liên kết với nhau bằng liên từ như là and or but, chẳng hạn: I went roundthis morning; nobody was there.

A slash separa tes words or phrases that are alternatives, e.g. s ing le / marr ied.

Một dấu gạch chéo tách rời các từ hoặc cụm từ mả có thể thay thế cho nhau, chẳng

hạn single/ married.:---------- - - - - ............................................. - J

Glossary «abbreviation chừ viết tất a short form of a word (e.g. a.m. is an abbreviation

meaning ‘in the morning’).

capital letter mầu tự ưiết hoa A B C are capital letters (ã be are small letters).

pause s ự tạ m cỉừ ng a short period of time when sb stops talking,separate sb/sth tách rời at đ ó / thứ gì dó keep people or things away from

each other. SYN divide sb/sth.

list cỉanh sách, a series of names, items, or numbers (e.g. ashopping list, a listof countries).

omit stlì loại bỏ FML If you omit sth, you don't include it. SYN leave sth out.

interrupt sth c ấ t ng an g ư iệ c gì occ ur in the middle of sth a nd stop it continuing,

details chi tiết small pieces of information about sth.

instead of sb/sth thay thế cho a i/ thứ gì in the place of sb/sth.

connect sth liên kết put two or more things together.SYNC join sth.

such as n hư lầ You use such as to introduce an example. SYN like,alternative đối tượng thay thế one of two or more things that you can choose

betw een .



3 4 REVIEW: LEARNING

0 Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

► Sentences have to begin with a .cAfiiftC....letter.

1 1wrote a ................ of irregular verbs in my notebook.

2 I would use this dictionary .................... of the other one; it’s much better.

3 We often use and or bu t to ................two parts of a sentence.

4 In this application form, you have to give ...............of your work experience.

5 I asked her to marry me. There was a long ................ . and finallyshe said ...........................yes.

*6 Prep, is an ............. of preposit ion.7 You need to use more adjectives..............as beauti ful , del ightful,

and .................attract ive.

8 The teacher said we can .....................out Exercise 5 and go on toExercise 6.

9 You can use brackets to.................extra information from the restof the sentence.

10 The director had to ................ the lesson to tell us to leavethe build ing quickly.

11 You could ................ the two sentences into one by using so.

12 You can use a full stop, but the ................is that you use a SemicoIon.

© Find pairs of words in the box that go together for a reason.

Write a sentence about them. Tim ra các cặp từ trong khung thường đi chung vì lý do nào đó. Viết câu n ói về chúng .

comma omit abbreviation join such as V p.m. information

se pa ra te like V leave out full stop details divide connec t

► M*. #¥AWv.t(<A



LEARNING 35

© What punctuation is missing, and where? - Dấu chấm câu nào còn thiếu, và ở vị trí nào?

► We live in this hous

1 he works in Bristol.....................................................................................2 He’s a tall thin boy.....................................................................................

3 The book is in on the table. Which is correct? ..................................

4 We have two choices stay here and wait, or go and look for them ................................................................................................................

5 When we arrived we went straight to a restauran t................................

6 This is my boyfriend watch...................................................................

7 After that fortunately we had no more problems .................................

8 We couldn’t get in the door was locked.................................................



36 REVIEW: LEARNING

Review: Learning Ôn tậ p: Họ c tậ p

Unit 1

1 Rewrite the sentences. Change the part of speech of the underlined words - Viết lại câu. Thay đổ i từ loại của các từ gạch dưới.

► Did you d iscuss it? Did you tav&Adtt&iỉAttaHkAb&Kt.tt?.......

1 Could you translate this, piease? Could you d o ...........................?

2 I've got to revise for an exam. I’ve got to do..................................

3 Repetition helps m e rem ember, ỉt helps me r em em ber if ...........

4 How did he explain it? What was .......................................?

5 Go on — guess! Go on — have...........................................!

6 1 record new words in a book. 1 keep.... ...........................

7 Did you chat about it? Did you have.................................8 How do you pronounce that word? What’s.........................?

2 Comp lete the text with wo rds and phrases from the box - Hoàn thành bài text vởi các từ hoặc cụm từ được cho trong khung . r

make a note of go through texts V translation pronounce make

pronunciation gist experiment foreign guess context recognize

I’ve just started university and I’m studying Italian. We spend a lot oftim e reading ► .tfyfiA... they ’re usually articles from Italian ne wsp a pers. They contain a lot of words you don’t (1)..............and to startwith, you have to try to get the (2 ) ............. of the articles to show thatyou understandthe general idea. In class we (3)..............the texts and(4) .............any useful new words.

The teacher tells us to (5).............the meaning of new words bylooking at the ( 6 ) .............. they are in. We then write a (7 ) ..............of them if we want to, and learn how to (8).............. them correctly. 1often (9) ..............mistakes with (10) .............. . but I don’t think itmatters; it’s important to (11)..............with language; that’s the best



LEARNING 37

way to make p rogress . Nex t year , I ’m s t a r t ing ano ther(12)..............language: Russian. I’m really excited about that.

Unit 2

1 Complete the sentences with a suitable word - Hoàn thànhcâu với từ phù hợp.

► I want to learn Italian - nothing very specialized, just e.«vejtcĩ<Kị.

Italian.

1 It was a very c ................story - quite hard to understand.

2 I don’t know enough words, so my vocabulary needs to e .................That is my main a ................on this course.

3 I’ve lived in Costa Rica for five years now, and 1can speak Spanish f......................

4 You need to know the subject very well and talk about it ind ... ..........

5 There is now a wide r................of evening courses that you can

do at the college.6 Does this drink c................alcohol?

7 Some of the courses are too s................ -I don’t have the knowledge to do them.

8 You have to complete each sentence with an a... ............ word.

2 Comp lete the text with words from the box - Hoàn thành bài

text với từ được cho trong khung .

progress aware spoke V gett ing frustrating encouraging whileaccurate motivated express_____________________________________

When Ỉwent to live in Argentina, Ỉ► .tywta... so m e S p an is h but 1couldn’t understand people when they spoke Spanish to me, so it wasvery (1) ................ But I was very (2 )................. 1 worked hard at mySpanish, and after a (3) ............... I could see that I was making a lot of

(4) ............... It was also very (5) ............. when people told me that Iwas (6)..............better. My problem was that I still made a lot of mistakes, and 1wasn ’t (7 ).............. of them. Anyway, I kept trying, andafter about a year, I was able to (8) ............. most things Ỉneeded to,and my Spanish was also quite (9).............. 1only made a few mistakes.



38 REVIEW: LEARNING

Unit 3

1 Com plete the words in the text - Hoàn thành từ trong bài

text

When you meet a new word in a text, ► ..^. . . .e xa m ple , genuine, you might want to look up the meaning in a dictionary. It’s important to look at all the (1) d ....... ........in an (2) e ................ . and then(3) s ................ the correct one, according to the context of the sentence. For (4) i............... , if the sentence is 1 bought a genuine

Velasquez painting , you know the meaning is ‘rear or ‘authentic’.Genuine

is a difficult word to pronounce, so it is worth looking atthe phonetic (5) s ................. . and note too how the word is (6)s ................ ; in fact, the (7) s.................is on the first (8) s ................If you come across an (9) i ................. or (10) e..................such asunder the weather , you should check the meaning (it means ‘feeling slightly ill’), and then look at the (11) s ................ of the phrase:is it formal or informal? This particular phrase isn’t rude, but youcertainly wouldn’t want to (12) o ................anyone, so it’s always agood idea to check.

Unit 4

1 Read the text, then answer the questions below. Đọc bài text, rồ i trả lời các câu hỏ i bên dưới.

1 really want to leave home, so Ỉ went to see a flat last night It had everything: a

kitchen, a living

2 room, a bathroom, a bed room, and a study — and it was in a great location. /

realized\ however, that

3 it would be too expensive for me on m y own. / rang Mr Pavỉỉdes at the agency

this morning; he offered

4 to ma ke i t a bit cheaper, so Ị decided to take it My mother was really pleased.

'You're moving out at

5 last! Out Michael, who’s going to wash your shirts for yo u now?’ she said .

What punctuation is there:

► after home in line 1 4 before you're in line 4?

1 after everything in line 1?....... 5 after last in line 5? ...........



LEARNING 39

2 after on my Oivn in line 3? ..... 6 in who ’s in line 5? ..........

3 after this morning in line 3? ..... 7 after now in line 5? .........

2 Look at the text again. Complete the sentences - Hãy nhìn

vào bài text lẩn nữa. Hoàn thành câu.

► The first sentence begins with a ....... .....................

1 There is a com ma after home, which s ................the two parts of the sentence.

2 There is a colon after euerything. It is often used before mored .................or a I....................

3 In the sen tence beginning 1 realized, the word however i................the progression of the sentence, so commas are used around it.

4 After the word morning there is a semicolon. This can be usedi of a full stop when the two sente nces are closely c .......



40 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

5 I can talk about appearanceTôi có thể nói về diên mao

- * _____

A Male appearance Diệ n mạ o bên ngoài; củ a nam gi i

í

4I I t'S p* í b ro a d s h o u l d e r s 1 I I t ' s t itỉì ìi ik ! sk i n ny ,

am i i s w el l UuiU . but he ' s i l l £<>(1(] .sha pe’.

He's j j j x thick eyebro ws'and I It’s quite plum p.*tubbi*>v He's da rk -s kin ne d' Willi ii Cattish filer.

0|*)>lig ht - ORpa le-s kin ne d

’ F J Qf l t i j ú ắ t mỈoan-Sihuven He's go ing ba ld Irllfl :i lltf'c kik ll

He’s doan-Sihavenand ba ld ’ . He has ascar'’on his head

He's goin g bald OBHe's losing his h a ir OkHis hfiir's rri-c tỉing.

Glossary

male nam gi i Men and boys are male, wo me n and girls are fem ale (a pe rso n’s

sex is male or female).well built vạ m ưỡwith a solid, strong body. SYNC stocky,

skinny thon tha very thin, but not in an attractive way.

in good/bad shape có tinh trạ n g s ứ c kh ỏ e t ố t / k hô ng tố t in good/bad physicalcondition.

plump đ ầ y đ ậ n quite fat, in a nice way.

fattish hơ i tròn quite fat. (Se e spotlight, ne xt pag e.)

cìean-shaven c ạ o râu sạ ch, s ẽ without a beard or moustache.

o One letter is missing from each word. Write the words correctly- Một m ẫu tự còn thiếu ở mỗi từ. Hãy viết từ đúng vào.

► skiny.iki**#,..

1 ey eb ow s..........

2 fatish ..........

3 sea .............. 6 clean-shave.

4 broad shoulders 7 in good cape.

5 stubble ..............

e Similar or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa giống nhau hay khác nhau? Viết s hoặc D.

► fattish 1plump .s...1 skinny 1 dark-skinned

5 dark-skinned I pale-skinned.

6 stubble I a scar .....



PEOPLE 41

2 in good shape Ỉ in good condition 7 pale-skinned 1light-skinned

3 go bald 1 be bald 8 He’s losing his hair. I Hishair’s receding.

4 stocky Ị well built 9 male I female

©Co m p let e the questions. You wil l write your answers to the questions in Exercise 4 - Hoàn thành câu hỏi. Bạn sẽ viết câu trả lời cho câu hỏ i ở Exercise 4.

In your family: ABOUT YOCJRFAMILY

1who’s in good s..... ? ........

2 who’s going b ....... ? ........3 who’s c ..... -shaven? . .......

4 who’s got broad s .... ? ......

ABOUT YO(JRFAMILY

5 who’s well b ..... ?

. 6 who’s sk....,.........................?

7 who’s dark-s.............................. ?

, 8 who’s got a s........on their body?

o ABOUT YOUR FAMILY Write your answers to Exercise 3, or

ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời ở Exercise 3, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

Look at the pictures and cover the texts. Can you

™ rememb er the descript ions? - Hãy nhìn vào bức hình và

che bài text lại. Bạn có th ể nhớ những mô tả kh ôn g?

B Female appearance Diên mạ o bên ngoai củ a phụ nữ

This is my mothiT at27

when

she Wiis pregnant: in iiJC'i,she was expecting Ì1K*. She

held a pretty, roundish fare

with beaut iI'll I smooth sk il l iincl long hiiir. ish

Đây là mẹ của tôi năm

27 tuổi khi bà đang

mang thai; thật ra, bà ấy đang chuẩn bị sinh

ra tôi. Bà có một - khuôn mặt xinh xắn, hơi tròn với làn ơa đẹp .mượt

mà và mẩi tốc dài.

spotlight

The suffix -ish is used with someadjectives to mean 'quite'.

A roundish face is a face which

is quite round. Also: tallish,

youngish, fattish, etc.

Hậu tố ‘ ish được dùng vôi một số tỉnh

từ để có nghĩa ‘quite'.

Một khuôn mặt hơi tròn là một khuôn

mặt mà khá tròn. Tương tự: tallish, youngish, fatiish.vv.



42 RElVlEW: PEOPLE

Here’s Mum now: she lookstanned. She's si ill slim will) agood figure. Her i ippi'immcc

luisn’l dumped much, bill she’s

i*()l a few w r in k le s1, slu\s Kohi£ giH»y. and her liiiir’s muchshorleraiKỈ nciUcr. She WfcirsronliH't lenses, anil .you nin’ttell that she’s iK'iirly 6 0 . Đây là mẹ tôi bẫy giờ; da bà ấy trông có vẻ bị , rám nấng. Bà ấy vẫn thon thả với thân hình

đẹp. Diện mạo bên ngoài của mẹ tôi khôngthay đổi nhiểu lắm, nhưng bà ấy có một vàinếp nhăn, tóc bà ấy bạc đi, và tóc bà ấy

ngắn hơn và thưa đi nhiều. Bà ấy mang một đôi kính sát tròng, và bạn không thể nói rằng bà ấy gẩn 60 tuổi.

be p regnan t đang m ang thai SYNC be expecting a baby.

pretty xỉnh, x ắ n attractive and nice to look at (used esp ecially ab ou t girls oryoung women).

smooth m ịn m ầ n g with a com pletely flat surface. CO pp roug h.

skin làn da Your skỉn covers your body*

tanned rám n ắ n g having brown skin after spen ding time in the sun . tan N.

slim thon thả thin in an attractive way. SYN slender,

figure thân hình, the shape of a woman’s body,

appearance diệ n mạ o the way sb looks.

go grey OR white b ạ c tóc b ecom e g rey-haired or white-haired,

neat g ọ n g an g tidy and carefully arran ged .

contact lenses kính áp tròng small round p ieces of plastic you wear in your eyesto help you see b etter.

tell sth biế t , đoán know or guess sth.

© True or false? Write -T or F. Đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F

► If your hair is neat, it’s tidy..T.... 5 You get tanned sitting in the sun.

1 Contact lenses are the same as 6 Everyone has a good figure.glasses.............

2 Skin can be rough or smooth......... 7 You usually use ‘pretty’ to describe a man.............



PEOPLE 43

3 A tallish person is very tall............

4 A pregnant woman has just had 8 Your hair can go white or a baby............. grey ..............

©C o m p let e the sentences. Hoàn thành các câu .

► Does she wear contact..?.®.**®.4

1 Her............has gone grey, and it’s completely changed her ................

2 She’s still very slim, so you can’t ............. she’s ..............a baby inJuly.

3 I’m feeling so old these days — look at these..............around my

eyes!4 My baby’s skin is so .............to touch, but my hands are really ................

5 She's got a beautiful figure: she’s tall and...............

6 You can ................. she’s been on hol iday — she’s got alovely ................

Cover the glossary words and look at the meanings. ™ What are the words? Hãy che các từ ở glossary và

nhìn vào nghĩa. Những từ đó là từ gì?



44 REIV1EW: PEOPLE

6 I can talk about character

Tôi có thể nóỉ về tính cáchHow I see myself T ôi n h ì n th ấ y bả n th â n m ìn h n h ư th ế nào

Dan (33) Tm am bi t iou s ,s e l f - c o n f i d e n t , a n dgenerous . I ’m also veryi m p a t i e n t .’

Dan (33 tu ổ i) ‘tôi rấ t là tham vọ ng, t ự t in, và phóng khoáng. Tôi c ủ ng rấ t là không có tính kiên nh ẫ n.

K a z (1 8 ) T r a a lw a y sc h e e r f u l , I ’m e a s y g o in g , and I’ve got lotse n e r g y . ’Kaz (18 tuổ i) ‘Tôi luôn luố n vui vẻ , tôi r ấ t dề t ính và tôi luôn tràn t rề sứ c s ố ng’. Giles (45) see myself ash o n e s t , h a r d - w o r k i n g ,g en era lly t o l e r a n t /

Giles (45 tuổ i) ‘Tôi tự th ấ y m ì n h là ngư ờ i tr un g th ự c ,chăm chỉ, và nói chung có

sứ c c hị u đ ự ng ’.

spotlight

How others s e e me -Nhừ ng ngư ờ i khác nhìn thấ y tôi như thê nào

Some people reaily likeme; o t h e r s t h i n k I ’ma r r o g a n t a n d m a y b e

aggressive’’'Có mộ t số ngư ờ i thậ t sự rấ t thích tôi; l ạ i có mộ t s ố ngư ờ i khác ngĩiỉ rằ ng tôi kiêu ngạ o ư à có vẻ là hung dữ ’.

‘My parents don’t thinkI ’m v ery r e s p o n s i b l e ;

my friends just think I’mc r a z y . ’'Cha *mẹ cứ a tôi ngh ĩ là tôi không có t inh th ầ n t rách nhiệ m lắ m; còn bạ n bè củ a tôi thì nghĩ là tôi ìlơ i bị khác th ư ờ n g’.‘Other people probablythink I’m a bitdu ll , without much sen se

o f h u m o u r . ’Có lẽ n h ữ n g ngư ờ i k há c ngh ĩ Là tôi hơ i tr ầ m tính, và khô ng có óc hài hư c\

crasy, mad, stupid

Crazy and mad mean not sensible or practical; a bit stupid'

Both words can describe a person or an action or idea, but the meaning is notalways negative. They can describe someone who is a bit out of control but

just wants to enjoy life, stupid is always negative.Crazy và mad có nghĩa /à’không nhạy cảm hoặc không thực tế; hơi ngốc nghếch1.

Cả hai từ này đều có thể mô tả một người hoặc một hành động hoặc một ý tưởng, nhưng nghĩa của nó không phải lúc nào cũng mang tỉnh tiêu cực. Chúng có thể mô tả những người mà thường không kiểm soát được mình nhưng muôh thưởng thức cuộc sống. stupid thỉ luôn cố nghĩa tiêu cực.



PEOPLE 45

see sb as sth nghĩ ãi đó giố ng như điề u gì imagine or think of sb in a particular way .

ambitious đ ầ y tham u ọ ng having a strong desire to do well or be successful.

COPP unambitious, ambition N.

self-confident tự tin feeling sure about your own ability. COPP insecure.

generous phón g khoáng happy to give more money and help than is usual.COPP mean, generosity N.

impatient th ỉế u kíẽ n nh ẩ n no t ab le vto stay ca lm and wait for sth /sb . COPP patient, patience N.

arrogant k iê u ng ạ o thinking you are better than other people. COPP m od est,

arrogance N.aggressive hung hăng likely to fight or argue, aggression N.

cheerful uui vẻ feeling happy.

easy-going dể tírìhỉ relaxed and not worried by what other people do.

energy sứ c số ng the ability to be very active without getting tired, energetic ADJ.

responsible có trách nhiệ m, able to act sensibly and intelligently. COPPirresponsible.

hones t trung thự c always telling the truth. COPP dishonest, honesty N.

hard-working ch ầ m chi able to work with effort and for a long time. COPP lazy.

tolerant có tính, chịu đự ng abie to acc ep t ideas you d o n ’t agree with. COPPintolerant, tolerance N.

dull trầ m t ính boring.

sense of humour óc /lài' hư c the ability to laugh at things and see when sth isfunny.

o Positive or negative, or can it be both? Write p or N or B. - Tích cực hoặc tiêu cực, hoặc cả hai? Hãy viết p hoặc N hoặc B

2 They're a bit dull.....

3 Both boys are very honest....4 My boss is very tolerant .......

► She’s very cheerful#?..

1 He's very ar rogant .....

► He’s very ambitiousfB,.

5 She’s so modest ......

6 He’s very self-confident....

7 Karen is so mean ......8 My brother is absolutely

mad



46 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

© C o rr ec t the spell ing mistakes - sửa lỗ i chính tả.

► onest..(tthẹ**.. 3 gen er os .......... 6 agressive,

1 e ne rgỉe .......... 4 cheerful .......... 7 patiente ...

2 responsible ........... 5 energetik .......... 8 tolerant...

© Match 1-8 wi th a - i - Hãy nổi từ 1- 8 với từ a - L

4 feeling sure about your own ability a aggressive

1 boring .......

2 likely to fight or argue .....

3 thinking you are better than others....

4 always telling the truth .....5 ability to laugh at things .....

6 feeling happy .....

7 unhappy to give money or help people... h honest

8 able to accept ideas you don’t agree with... i mean

b cheerful

c self-confident V

d tolerant

e sense of humourf dull

g arrogant

o Complete the tables - Hoàn thành bảng .

ADJECTIVE OPPOSITE ADJECTIVE

i t o i j p a t l e v t t► patient

honestresponsiblelazy

generous

ambitiousself-confident

ambitious

honesttolerantaggressivearrogant

generous patient

NOUNftJufcit iOK

© Complete the words in each sentence - Hoàn thành từ trong mỗi câu.

► If you disagree with Matthew, he can get a bit 33ạmttae.

1 My brothe r’s a bit irresponsible and does som e c ..........things; but he’s OK.

2 Keiko’s a good person to share a flat with: she’s very e ..........- g.........

3 1 like Zoltán; he’s got a great s ...........of h ........... .



PEOPLE 47

4 Hamdi is a fantastic musician, but very few people realize this because he’s so m ...........

5 Since Katy got a new job and a boyfriend, she’s become more s............ -c .............

6 My brother’s lazy, but my sisters have always been very h......... -w..........7 1don’t think young Andy is r ...........enough to drive a car.

8 Andrea has so much e ........... ; she’s always doing something.

©A B OUT YOU Answer the questions, or ask another student- Hãy trả lời câu hỏi, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 Are you ambitious? If so, in what w a y ? ...........................................

2 Would you say you’re hard-working or a bit lazy? ......................3 Are you intolerant of anything? If so, what? ..................................

4 When do you get impatient? ..........................................................

5 How do you see yourself? Write three adjectives...........................

6 Which two qualities do you think are the most important:honesty, patience, tolerance, or generosity?..... ............................

Test yourself. Cover your opposites and nouns in ™ Exercise 4 and test yourself. Then cover the glo ssary

meaning s and look at the words. What do they m ean? - Che oác từ trái nghĩa và các danh từ trong Exercise 4. Sau đó che nghĩa của glosary và nhìn vào từ. Nghĩa của các từ đó là gì?



48 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

7 I can describe my feelings Tot có th ể mô tả cả m giác củ a tôỉ

A Feelings - Cả m giác

Word' 4 m .

Example Meaning

\

thrilled He was thriỉỉedto win and very happy and excited.

he kis sed7the cup. SYN delighted.

furious 1lost his keys: he was

absolutely furious.

very angry.

astonished 1was astonished to hear he

was fnanied

very surprised. SYN amazed.

heartbroken She was heartbroken when verysad and emotionally upset.her father died

terrified 1Loas terrified when the very frightened. SYN scared stiff piane took off. MF.

miserable You look very miserable. What’s wrong?up INF.

unhappy and depressed. SYM fed

proud 1felt uery proud when my

book was published

pleased about sth you or other

people have done. jealous Mg boyfriend /5 jealous 1angry or sad because you’re

when ỉ ’m with other boys. afraid of losing sb’s love.

I’ve always been jealous of 2 angry or sad because sb hasTom,; everyone likes him. sth you don’t have. SYNC envious.

anxious He was anxious before he went into hospital.

worried and afraid.

upsetSaỉly was uery upset

because no one spoke to her.

sad and angry because of sth thathas happened.



PEOPLE 49

s p o t l i g h t absolutely a n d very

Use absolutely

Use very befor

/ was absolute

They were ver

Dùng absolutelJterrified.

Dung very trư c

Tôi thậ t sự rấ t ki

Họ rấ t là tự hào.

f before extreme adjectives, e.g. furious, astonished, heartbroken, terrified.

e degree adjectives, e.g. miserable, jealous, anxious, upset,

iiy amazed. (NOT very amazed.)

Y proud. (NOT absolutely proud.)

t trước các tính từ tuyệt đôi e.g. furious, astonished, heartbroken,

:cấ c tính từ tuyệ t đố i. e.g. miserable, jealous, anxious, upset.

:nh ngạ c.

o Complete the words and phrases - Hoàn thành từ và cụm từ.

► 4 thr..........

1 anx .......... 5 .......... broken

2 fur........... 6 scared ...........

3 ast .......... 7 kid ...........

© Write synonym s for these words and phrases - Viết từ đổng nghĩa cho các từ và cụm từ sau đây.

► worried 2 fed up ................ 4 astonished

1 thrilled ................ 3 scared stiff ....... 5 envious

©ABOUT YOU How might you feel in these situations? Write your answers using words from the table, or ask another student - Trong những tình huống sau đây, bạn có cảm giác nhưth ế nào? Hãy viết câu trả lời bằng việc dùng từ được cho ở bảng, hoặc hỏ i sinh viên khác .

► Someone hits your car because they were driving badly... Ĩ . ịk ĩ .

1 You’ve just passed an important exam. I’d be ..............

2 Your best friend has bought a car that you would love to have .....3 Your lovely old dog has just died ..........4 A man walks up to you in the street and holds a knife to your

face..........5 You’re on holiday but you can’t go out because you’ve got a bad

cold ..........



50 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

6 You see someone you don’t know kissing your boyfriend/girlfriend...........

7 You have been chosen to make a speech at an important event ......

8 You are going somewhere by plane and you don’t like flying.......

A Tes t you rself . Cover the m ean ing s and look at the ™ wo rds. What are the meanings? - Che nghĩa và nhìn vào từ. Nghĩa của từ là gì?

B How emotional are you? Bạ n th ể hiệ n xúc cả m như th ế nào?m é

ABOUT YOƠ

YOU AND YOUR EMOTIONSa I'm an emotional person and I like to show myfeelings.

b I th in k I’m quite sensitiv e , so I try not to u p se t other people.

c I’m sensitive about my appearance.d When I’m in a bad mood, I sometimes hurt people’s

feelings.e In general, I think I'm quite a moody person.

f When people have personal problems, I think I’musually very sympathetic and supportive.

Are you like thisYes/No

.Yes/NoYes/NoYes/NoYes/No

Yes/No

sensi t ive

Sensitive has two meanings:

1 a positive meaning: 'able to understand people's feelings and problems' (e.g. sentence(b)above). OPP insensitive.

2 a more negative meaning: 'easily upset' (e.g. sentence (c) above).Sensitive cô hai nghĩa:

1nghĩa tích cực: ‘cố thể hiểu được cảm xúc và những rắc rối của người khâc’

2 nghĩa tiêu cực hơn: ‘dễ dàng bực mình’

Glossaryemotional g iàu c ả m xúc having strong feelings, and often showing them, emotion N.

show your feelings t h ể hiện c ả m x ú c express your feelings openly. COPP hideyour feelings.

upset sb làm cho a i b ự c mình make sb unhappy.

be in a bad mood có tâm trạng không tốt feel angry or unhappy at a particulartime. OPP be in a good mood.

spotlight



PEOPLE 51

hurt sib’s feelings làm tổ n thư ơ ng cả m xúc củ a ai đó say sth that makes sb unhappy.

moody có tính kh í th ấ t th ư ờ ng If you are moody, you often change and becomeangry or unhap py for no obvious reason.

sympathet ic b iế t c ả m th ôn g kind and showing you und erstand sb ’s problem s

(sy m pa the tic do es n’t m ean ‘friendly’ o r ' nice ’ in English).

supportive b iế t g iú p đỡ ngư ờ i khấ c, giving help to sb who has a problem.

© Circle the correct answer - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng .

► Try not to ^ìurtýupset his feelings.

1 Sa rah ’s not very emotional, and tends to show/h ide her feelings.

2 You can talk to Gary easily about your problems; he’s very sympathet ic/moody.

3 Be careful what you say to Susan because she’s very sympathetic/sensitive.

4 You never know what Karen will be like because she’s so moody/supportive.

5 Brian is the most emotional/insensitive man I know; he upsets

everyone.6 Love, anger, and fear are all emotions/moods.

© Complete the sentences with a suitable word. Hoàn thành câu với từ ph ù hợp

^ Caroline is very She seems to know when someonehas a problem.

1 Keep away from Elton — he’s in a bad ................ today.2 He................ his parents because he was so rude to them.

3 My children cooked all my meals when I was ill. They were very.........

4 1broke my leg and it was really painful, but my friends weren’t very.....

5 Pm...... a really good mood today. I think it’s the fantastic weather.

6 Paul tends to upset people and ........ their feelings.

©ABOUT YOU Comple te the r igh t -hand co lumn in the questionn aire, or ask another student - Hoàn thành cộ t bên ph ải trong bảng câu hỏi, hoặc hỏ i sirịh viên khác.



52 REI VIEW: PEOPLE

8 I can talk about relationships Tôi có thể nói về các môi quan hệA Friendship “ Tình bạ n

Word Example Meaning

f r i e n d s h i p Our f r ie n d sh ip has a lways very important to us.

thè relationship between peoplewho been are friends.

m a k e f r i e n d s I f in d it d ifficu lt to m a k e fr ie n d s

form friendly relationships.

g e t o n ( w e ll)w i t h s b

Do you g e t on w e ll w ith your c lassm ates?

have a good relationshipwi th sb . COPP not ge t onw i th s b .

r e l y o n s b

r e l i a b l e A DJ

I can alw ays re ly on my sisters.

M y brother’s not very

r e l i a b l e .

feel sure that sb will do whatthey say they will do. SYN

d e p e n d o n s b .

t r u s t sb You have to trust your

fr iends.

believe sb is good and won’t

hurt you.

l o y a l He was very lo y a l to ray fa th er .

bein g a friend to sb, even indifficult times. OPP disloyal.

s o c i a b l e She very sociable and gets on well with people .

A sociable person l ikes thecompany of other people. OPPant i soc ia l*

k e e p int o u c h

S imon i s an o ld f r i e nd .We've always k e p t in

t o u c h .

(of two or more people) stay incon tact ÒV sp eak ing or w riting

to each other.1

An old friend is someone you have known for a long time; a close friend issomeone you know and like very much. If you are friendly with sb, you treatthem as a friend.

Một người bạn cũ là người mà bạn đặ biết trong một thời gian dài; một người bạn thân

là người bạn biết và rất thích. Nếu như bạn thân thiện với ai thì bạn đối xử I/ới người đó như bạn bè.



PEOPLE 53

o Combine words in the box to make phrases - Kết hợp các từ trong khung để thành lập cụm từ:

► rely V friend get on well friends

on someone V a close keep make

in touch on someone depend with som eone

0 Answer the questions - Trả lời câu hỏi.

► Another way of saying ‘stay in contact with so meo ne’ is keep int o u . c ụ

1 Rely (on) is a verb. What’s the adjective?....................

2 What’s a synonym for rely on?....................

3 A sociable person enjoys the company of others. What’s the op po site?......................

4 What’s the opposite of loyal? ....................

5 What’s the relationship between people who are friends?...................

6 What do you call a friend you like very much? A....................friend.

0 Rewrite the sentences using the words in capitals in the correct form. The meaning must stay the same. Hãy v iết lại câu bằng cách dùng từ in hoa theo dạng đúng. Nghĩa không thay đổi.

► He’s a bit antisocial. SOCIABLE .....................

1 He likes Ruben. FRIENDLY ...................................................................

2 Shi: never phones us. TOUCH...............................................................

3 1 don’t have a good relationship with my father. GET O N ...........

4 1became her friend at university. MAKE...........................................

5 My boss is very reliable. RELY ............................ .......................... .

6 I’ve known Donna for a long time. OLD ........................ ...................£ 1 J l Test yourself . Cover the examp les and m eanings . What

wm are the m eanings? - Che các ví dụ và nghĩa. Nghĩa của chúng là gì?



54 REIV1EW: PEOPLE

B When things go wrongKhi mọ i th ứ thay đổ i

^Perfect Weekend Channel Five ^

Wednesday 9 p.m. — 11 p.m.TV drama about a group of young people who got to know one another at

university, and now, five years later, get together for a weekend.

But things soon go wrong. John doesn't get on with Dan, and now realizes theyhave nothing in common, while Pete regrets the fact that he

split up with Amy, the girl he used to go out with. Now Amy is in a serious relationship with Keith (who didn't go to university), and Keith doesn't like Amy's old friends. Thiscreates tension In the group, and soon there's a big row. Amy falls out with Pete, andDan and John stop speaking to each other. And that's just the beginning ...

Một vở kịch trên tivi nói về một nhóm thanh niên trẻ đã là bạn bè với nhau hồi còn học đại học, và bây giờ, năm năm sau đó họ gặp gỡ nhau vào cuối tuần. Nhưng mọi thứ chẳng mấy chốc đã trở nên thay đổi. John không họp tỉnh với Dan, và bây giờ nhận ra họ không có điểm chủng, trong khi đố Pete hối tiếc về sự thật rằng anh ấy đã chia tay Amy, cô gái mà anh ổă từng hẹn hò. Bây giờ Amy đang cô một mối quan hệ nghiêm túc với Keiỉh (người đã đã không cùng học đại học), và Keith không thích những bạn bè cũ của Amy. Điểu này ỉạo ra một sự căng thẳng trong nhóm, và chẳng mấy chốc họ đả có một cuộc cãi vã lớn. Amy đã cắt đứt quan hệ bạn bè với Peter, và Dan và John không thèm nối chuyện với nhau nữa. Và đó chỉ mới là bắt đầu...

have a ro w / an argument ___________________________

Both phrases mean 'have an angry discussion',

e.g. / had a row w ith u.

The verb related to argument is argue, e.g. They argued with each other.

Cả hai cụm từ này đều có nghĩa ‘cô một cuộc tranh luận gay gắt’, chẳng hạn. Tôi đã cãi cọ với Li.

Động từ liên quan vôi danh từ argument là argue, chẳng hạn. Họ đã cãi vãi lẫn nhau.

Glossaryget to know sb gập gở uầ kế t bạn meet sb a number of times and b e c o m e

friends.

one another lẩn nhau each other.

get together g ậ p g ờ (of two or more people) meet for a social reason.

go wrong trở nên thay đổi used when a problem happens in a situation or relationship.

realize sth n hậ n biế t đ iề u g ì begin to und erstand sth that you d idn ’t know before.have nothing in common không có điểm tương đồng (of two people) have no

interests that are the same. COPP have a lot in common.

regret sth / doing sth hôỉ tiêc Ưiệc g ì / uì đà lầm uiệc g ỉ feel sorry about sth youdid or didn’t do.

spotlight



PEOPLE 55

split up with sb cắ t đứ t quả n hệ tình cả m uở i ã ỉ stop being in a romantic relationship with sb.

go out with sb h ẹ n hò ư ỉ ai have sb as a boyfriend or girlfriend.

in a (serious) relationship có mối quan hệ nghiêm túc having a long-term boyfriend or girlfriend .

fall out with sb cat cọ uầ c ắ t đ ứ t qua n hệ b ạ n b è ư i ai argue with sb and stop being friend ly with th em .

0 Circle the correct word- Khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► They were very happy, then something got/cjvenj) wrong.

1 Hana’s by/in a serious relationship. 4 They have lots in/on common.

2 Lian and Chen have fallen out/on. 5 She got/went out with Len at

university.3 Shall we come/get together next week? 6 How did you get/go to know

Anya?

©C o m p lete the missing words - Hoàn thành từ còn thiếu -

► with Osman for two months, then we .....outover something stupid.

1 1 don’t get on with Dirk. We a ................a lot, and last week wehad a terrible r .................

2 I’d like to get to k .Anders better because we have a lotin c ..................

3 Karli s ................up with him last weekand I think she r ..................it now; she’s a bit depressed.

4 We have nothing in common. That’s why ỉ r ................ I could

never g ................. o ...................... with him.

©Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài text

Milo and I got to ..... one (1) ................. when we workedtogether during the summer. We had a lot in (2) ................. and goton really well, but, unfortunately, he was in a serious (3)...................atthe time. Then it all went (4) .................... He and his girlfriend Inez

had a big (5) ................. and he (6)................. up with her. We startedto (7) ................. out with each other almost immediately, but Milosoon (8).................his decision, to end his relationship with Inez. He(9) ................. he was still in love with her, and that our relationshipwas a big mistake.



56 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

9 I can talk about families Tôi có thể nói về các gia đìnhA Family relationships

Các mố i quan hệ trong gia đìnhMarilyn Monroe was an on ly ch ild from a sin gle- par en t fam ily, but she lived with fos te r p a re n ts until she was seven, and then she was adopted by her mother’s best friend. She got married at sixteen, and she got divorced three times.

Marilyn Monroe ỉà con m ộ t trong mộ t gia đìn h chí có ngư ờ i mẹ t ự nuôi con mộ t mình, như ng cô ấ ỵ sôn g v i cha mẹ nuôi cho đế n khi cô ấ y bả y tuổ i, và sau dó cô ấ y đư ợ c ngư ờ i bạ n thân nhấ t củ a mẹ cô nhậ n làm con nuôi. Cô ấ y đã kế t hôn năm mư ờ i sáu tu ổ i, và cô ấ y dã ly hôn ba lầ n.

Bill Clinton’s father died before he was born. His mother, Virginia, hadto find a way to support Bill, so she studied nursing, and Bill was brought up by his grandparents. When Bill was four, his mother married Roger Clinton,

who became Bill’s stepfather. Rogerand Virginia had a son called Roger, who is Bill Clinton’s half-brother.

Cha củ a Bill Clinton chế t trư c kill ông dư ợ c siìiỉi ra dờ i. Mẹ củ a ông, Virginia , dã tìm để cách kiế m tiề n nuôi BUI,

do vậ y bà ta đ ả h ọ c nghề đ iề u dư ỡ ng, và Bil l đư ợ c ông bà ngoạ i củ a minh nuôi nấ ng. Khi BÌU đư ợ c bố n tuổ i , thì mẹ củ a ông kế t hòn v i Roger Clinton, ngư ờ i trở thành cha dư ợ ng củ a Bill. Roger và Virginia có mộ t đứ a con trai tên là Roger, ngư ờ i là em trai cùng mẹ khác cha v i Bill Clinton.

Glossaryonly child con m ộ t a child with no brothers or sisters.

single parent n gư ờ i m ẹ h oậ c chã nu ôi c on m ộ t m ỉn h a mother or father wholook s after their children alone.

foster parent cha m ẹ n uô i sb who looks after ano ther p ers on ’ child in their hom efor a time.

adopt a chiìd nhận một đứa bé lầm con nuôi take sb’s child into your fam ily and

legally make them your child.get divorced ly hôn legally end your marriage. SYN get divorce.

support sb kiêm, tiềiĩ đẽ nuôi sông ãi đó help someon e live by giving them money,food, or a home.

bring sb up n uô i n ấ n g dạ y dỗ look after a child and teach them how to live.



PEOPLE 57

stepfather cha d ư ợ ng a man who has married your mother but is not your father (related words: stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, stepsister).

half-brother, half-sister anh. trai, em trai cùng cha khác m e hoậc cùng mẹ kh ấ c cha; ch ị gái, em gái cùng chã kh ấ c mẹ hoặ c cùng mẹ kh ấ c chã . a brother

or sister who has either the same mother or the same father as you.

o Complete the words or phrases - Hoàn thành từ hoặc cụm từ.

► mother

1 an o ......child

2 h -sister somebody up

0 S a m e or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa giống nhau hay khác nhau ? Hãy viết s hoặc D

► She’s a single parent. 1She’s a foster parentto...

1 He’s an only child, Ỉ He hasn ’t got any brothers or sis ters .........

2 He's my half-brother. I He's my stepbrother.........3 He’s my stepson. I He’s my wife’s son by her first marriage ......

4 She was adopted as a baby. I She lived with foster parents as a b ab y ..........

5 She’s my half-sister. 1 She’s my mother’s sister .........

6 Our uncle supported us. i Our uncle brought us up.........

© Complete the questions - Hoàn thành câu hỏi.

1 Where were you b .....up? AB.?.V.T.X9H

2 Have you got any brothers or sisters, or are you ano..... child? ...............

3 po you have any h ......-brothers or -sisters? .............

4 Do you know anyone who is a s ..... parent? If so, who? ...............

5 Do you know anyone who has recently got d .......... ? ...............

© ABOUT YOU Write your answers to Exercise 3, or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời của bạn ở bài tập 3, hoặc hỏ i sinh viên khác.

3 f ..... parents 6 ad a child

4 s.... father 7 s ........ parent

5 get.. ..orced 8 br....



58 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

B Family history - Lịch sử gia đìnhI’m related to a member of the royal family.

Tôi có quan hệ gia đình v i mộ t thành viên củ a gia đình hoàng gia.

We have ancestors who were Russian im m igran ts. They em igra ted from Russia to Britain in the nineteenth century.

Ch úng tôi có ông bà tổ tiên là nìlữ ng ngư ờ i Nga nhậ p cư . Họ di cư từ nư c Nga đế n nư c An h vào th ể vào tìiế kỷ th ử m ư ờ i chín .

I’m from London, but prev ious gen er atio ns of my family lived in Malta.

Tôi đế n t ừ Luân Đôn, như ng các thế h ệ trư c đây củ a gia

dinh tôi số ng ở Malta.Some of my re la tiv es were or ig in ally from China.

Mộ t trong sổ nhữ ng ngư ờ i bà con củ a lô ì có nguồ n gố c ban đầ u t ừ Trung Quố c.

I look like my grandmother, but I take after,my father. We’re both very lazy!

T ô i tr ông g iố ng nh ư bà củ a tô i, như ng tôi lạ i có t ính cách gi ố ng cha tôi. Chúng tô i đ ề u rấ t lư ờ i b iế n g

Glossary be related to sb có quan hệ gia đình với ai be in the same family as sb. relative N.

SYNC relation.

me mbe r thành uien a person who is in a group such as a family or a club,

royal thuộ c hoàng gia relating to a king or queen (see picture).

ances tor ô n g bầ tổ tiên a person in your family who lived a long time ago.

immigrant ngư ờ i nh ậ p c ư a person who com es to a foreign country to live there.

emigrate from . . . to .. .dì cư từ .., đến...leave your country in order to live in another, p revious trứ ô c đ áy hap pen ing before the one you are talking about,

generat ion th ế hệ all the peo ple in a family born at abo ut the s am e time.>

originally u ả o ỈÚC ban đ ầ u in the beginning, before other things h appen ed.

look like sb có d iệ n m ạ o g iố n g ai have the same a pp earan ce as sb.

take after sb giống một thầnh uỉển lớn hơn trong gia đình be like an olderm em be r of your family.

0 Circle the correct answer - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng .

► Our ancestors were Italian (immigrantsymembers.

1 She's one of my ancestors/relatives; she was born in 1880.



PEOPLE 59

2 Janet looks like/takes after her daughter.

3 My ancestors emigrated/related to Australia a century ago.

4 Are your relations/immigrants from Italy?

5 i’m originally/previously from Rome: that’s where Ỉwas born.6 He’s married to a member/generation of the royal family.

©Complete the questions - Hoàn thành câu hỏi.

► What do you know about your a.HwcGktữM. ? ABOUT YOU

1 Are y o u r ................. to any on e famous? ........................

2 Do you have a r ............... family in your country? .....................

If so, do you have a king or a q ................. ? .....................

3 Where do/did the p .......... generations of your family live? ......................

4 Which m ................of your family do you look 1................ ? ....................

5 Do you take a................your mother or your father? How?.......................

©ABOUT YOU Write your answers to Exercise 6 , or ask another s tudent - Hãy viết câu trả lời của bạn ở Exercise 6, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

Test yourself. Look at the glossary word s and cover the ™ m eanings. What are the meanings? - Hãy nhìn vào từ ở

g lo ss ary và che nghĩa . Nghĩa của ch ún g là gì?



60 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

101can talk about weddings and funeralsT * >N • / I I a ' y • A I A # \ 4 ỵ ___ / _________

Tôi có the nói vê lê cư i và đám tangA A typical British wedding

Mộ t lễ cư i truyề n thố ng củ a ngư ờ i Anh

When two people are planning to get married, they can choose to have a rel igiousceremony or a civil ceremony. On the wedding day, the groom1is helped by a best man’ who brings the rings to the wedding ceremony. The bride* may have one or more bridesmaids'. Afterwards, ther is a reception for the couple and the wedding guests’. It’s t r ad i t iona l for the best man and the groom to make

sp ee ch es , and then everyone drink s a to ast to the co up le, and w ish es them a long and happy m a r ri a g e . After the reception, they usually go on theirhoneymoon. On the same day every year after that, the couple celebrate their wedding anniversary.

K h i h ai ngư ờ i d ự tín h k ế t h ôn , họ có t h ể chọ n tổ chứ c ỉ ề c ư i th eo n g hi th ứ c tôn g iáo hoặ c lề cư i dân sự . Vào ngày d i ễ n ra đám c ư i, chú rể d ư ợ c s ự trợ g iú p củ a m ộ t ngư ờ i p h ù r ể m a ng nh ẫ n cư i vào nơ i tổ chứ c lề cư i. Cô d âu có thể có mộ t hoặ c nhi ề u ph ù dâu. Sau đó, có ti ệ c chiêu đãi dành cho đôi vợ chồ n g m i và n h ữ n g kh ách mờ i đ ế n d ự đ á m cư i. Theo truy ề n th ố n g th ì

p hù r ể và chứ r ể sẽ đọ c p h á t biể u, rồ i sau đó mọ i ng ư ờ i sẽ nâng cố c chúc mừ ng đô i vợ ch ồ ng m i, và c ầ u chúc cho họ m ộ t cuộ c hôn nhân lâu dà i và

hanh phúc. Sau t iệ c ch iêu đã i, chú r ể và cô dâu th ư ờ ng đ i h ư ở ng tu ầ n trăng m ậ t R ồ i sa u đ ó cù ng n gà y n ày mỗ i n ãm , đô i vợ chồ n g t ổ chứ c lễ k ỉ niệ m n gà y cư i c ủ a họ . ,



PEOPLE 61

Glossarychoose s th lự a ch ọ n t hứ gỉ PT chose pp chosen decide which thing you want,

choice N.

ceremony nghỉ lề a formal public event.

religious thuộ c tôn giáo A religious ceremony takes place in a church, mosque,temple, etc. religion N.

civil dân s ự A civil ceremony is d non-religious one.

wedding lể cư i a time when a man and woman get married,

rings nhả n cư i

wedding tiệ c cư i reception a meal and/or party after a wedding.traditional theo truyề n th ố ng A traditional thing is sth that people have done for

a long time.

make a speech ph á t biể u give a formal talk to a lot of people at a speci al event.

drink a toast to sb n ấ n g cố c c hú c m ừ n g at raise a glass of wine. etc. to wish sbsucc ess or happiness.

wish sb sth cầ u chúc cho ả i diề u gì say that you hope good things will happen to sb.

honeymoon tu ầ ỉì trá ng m ậ t a holiday for a couple who have just got mar ried.

celebrate sth tổ ch ứ c sự kiệ n gì have a special meal, party, etc. to show you arehappy about sth.

anniversary lể k ỳ niệ m the date on which sth hap pen ed the previous year or inthe past.

wedding a nd marriage; bride and groo m

A wedding is the ceremony for a couple (two people who are getting married), Marriage is therelationship between a husband and wife.

We went to my sister's wedding on Saturday.

jack and Dana's marriage lasted 40 years.

On the wedding day, the couple are called the bride and groom. After they are married, theybecome husband and wife.

Một lễ cưới ià nghi lễ ơành cho một cặp ơôi ịhai người này đang kết hôn). Hôn nhẫn là mối quan hệ giữa người chổng và người vợ. . t

Vào ngày ỉhứ Bảy chúng tôi đã đi ơự lễ cưới của chị gái ìôi.Cuộc hôn nhân của Jack và Danna đả kéo dài được 40 năm.

Vầo ngày đám cưới, cặp đôi này được gọi là cô dâu và chú rể. Sau khi họ kết hôn. họ trở thành chồng

và vợ.



6 2 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

o Correct the spelling mistakes. Be careful: some words are cor rect - sửa lỗ i chính tả- Hãy cẩn thận có một sô từ đúng .

► marr iage ..... 7 we ding .........

1 annỉvers ery ........................ 8 ho ne ym oo n.2 I’ve choosen it....................... 9 speech .........

3 tr adit io nal........................ 10 gest.

4 civile........................ 11 cere monie .

5 br idgesmaid ....................... 12 recep tion..,

6 ce le b ra te ........................ 13 re lig ion ........

0

Circle the cor rect word - Khoanh tròn từ đúng.► Jane and Mark’sCweddin^/marriage is next Saturday.

1 Mark is the g ro om /bes t man.

2 The bridesmaid/bride is Mark’s sister.

3 They have chosen/wished a religious ceremony.

4 They’ve invited about sixty brides/guests to the wedding.

5 The reception will be before/after the wedding ceremony.

6 The rings will be brought to the ceremony by the couple/bestman.

7 Speeches are traditional at the reception/best man.

8 When they’re on their honeymoon, Jane and Mark will be brideand groom/husband and wife.

© C o m p let e the phrases using words from the box - Hoàn

thành các cụm từ bằng việc dùng từ trong khung .

groom ceremony a speech man a toast ceremony V

reception your honeymoon anniversary a happy marriage

► weddingO A^feuOi^... 5 bride and ................

1 go on .......................... 6 celebrate your .................

2 drink ................. 7 a religious .................

3 wish so m eone................. 8 the bes t....

4 m a ke ................. 9 a wedding.



PEOPLE 6 3

© Comp lete the questions with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu hỏ i với từ phù hợp.

1 Can people........... to have a religious ceremony or ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY

a........... ceremony? ........

2 Does the groom have a............ man at the ceremony? ....................

3 Does the bride have any............with her? ....................

4 In the ceremony, do the bride and groom put on wedding.............?

5 Is there usually a.......... after the ceremony? ....................

6 How many.......... are usually invited? ....

7 Is it.............for people to............speeches? ....................

8 Do people usually drink a........... to the bride and groom? ....................

9 Do the........... traditionally go on their ........... after

the wedding? ....................

10 Do people usually their wedding anniversary every year? ....................

© ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY Answer the questions in Exercise 4, or ask another student - Hãy trả lời câu h ỏ i t rong Exercise 4,

hoặc hỏ i sinh viên khác.a M Test yoursel f . Look at the p icture and cover the text .

™ Can you rem ember the words for the people? - Hãy nhìn vào bức hình và che bài text lại. Bạn có th ể nhớ tên của từng người không ?

B The end of a life

Đoạ n k ế t cuộ c đờ i

1 graves 2 gravestone 3 mourners; the family are in mourning 4 coffin



64 REIVIEW: PEOPLE


die (die of an illness)

de ath N, dea d ADJ

He d ie d o f old age.

His d ea th was very sa d .

stop living.

widow Mark 's w id ow never

remarried.

a woman whose husband has

died.w i d o w e r He's been a w id o w er for

years.a man whose wife has died.

funeral TỈÌC funeral was at thechurch.

a ceremony after sb dies.

bury sb, burial N He was b u r ie d th is morning . put a dead body in the gro.und.

cremate sb

cremat ion N

My grandm oth er wasn 't

buried;site was cremated.

burn the body of a dead

person as part of a funeral.

cemetery He’s buried in that cemetery. a place where dead people are buried.

will N He le f t his sis ter e 10,000 i n h i s w i ll .

a document that says who will have your money or things when you die.

inh er i t s th

inheritance N

I in h e r ite d € 1,000 from my uncle.

receive money or things from sbwhen they die.

©One let ter is missing. Write the words correctly - Có một m ẫu tự còn thiếu. Hãy viết từ sao cho đúng.

► ded. íteívi....... 3 funral ............... 6 de th ...............

1 w idoer .............. 4 bry ............... 7 cem etry ...........

2 graystone .......... 5 inherit ............... 8 coffin...............

© C ir c le the correct words or phrases - Khoanh tròn từ hoặc cụm từ đủng.

► We went to the coffin vfcemeteryyfunerafr yesterday.

1 The old lady died/is dead/is dea th last Tuesday.

2 My grandfather’s name is on the death/will/gravestone.3 1met Jack at the fiineral/buriai/widow.

4 My grandfather was inherited/buried/cremated when he died.

5 Mrs Erikson was a widow/widower/mourner.



PKOPLE 65.

6 My wife was standing near the grave/coffin/cremation.

© Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài text.

] never knew my grandfather, becau se he ► À ksd .A n 1960, before1 was born. He died (1) heart problems. My grandmo the r was (2)............mourning for a long time. She didn’t marry again; she wasa (3) ............. for thirty years. 1was very sad at the news of her (4 ) ............ in 1990.1can remember her (5) ............... at our local church.She was (6) .............in the cemetery near the park. She leftm y m o th e r so m e m o n ey in h e r (7 ) ............... , and my uncle(8).............her house.

íĩò d Test y ° ursel f- Cover the words and examp les and look IP at the meaning s. Can you remember the wo rds ? - Che

từ và các ví dụ và hãy nhìn vào nghĩa. Bạn có th ể nhớ từ không?



6 6 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

Review: People Ôn tậ p: Con ngư ờ iUnit 5

1 Circ le the correct answ er - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► My uncle is going black/fere\Q

1 Is she waiting for/expecting a baby?

2 Do you wear contact/content lenses?

3 Ahmed always looks very neat/plump and tidy.4 You can’t know/tell that she’s in her fifties.

5 She goes to the gym every day; that’s why she still has a greatappearance/figure.

6 Olga was very bald/tanned after her holiday in Portugal.

7 You get a few scars/wrinkles round your eyes as you get older.

8 My boss is in his forties but still in good shape/figure.

2 Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu .

1 Emilio’s well built, with broad.. ... ........

2 My dad’s completely.......... ; now my older brother is............his hair as well.

3 He got the ...........on his leg when he fell off his bike as a child.

4 I don’t think his............has changed much in the last 20 years:

he’s still in good ..............5 My father has always been clean-...........- never had a beard.

6 I wouldn’t say she’s fat, but she is quite ..............

Unit 6

1 Complete the table - Hoàn thành bảng .

Adjective Meaning Noun COPP of adjective

A iM . k i i i o u .4 having a strong desire to be successful. a H t t i i to - u . 4 unambitious

9...........happy to give more money and help than is usual. .................. ....................

h ............. always telling the truth. ................

t .............. able to accept ideas you don’t agree with. .................

p ............. able to stay calm and wait for sth. ............



PEOPLE 67

a.............. thinking you are better than other people. ................... ........................

h............. able to work with effort and for a long time xxxxxx

2 Complete the dialogues - Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại.

► Is he energetic? - No, he’s got no.1 That was a mad thing to do.~ Yes, absolutely ...............

2 Do you find him interesting? ~ Mo, 1think he’s a...............man.

3 Do you think you’re hard-working? - To be honest, no - I’mqui te ................

4 He’s always looking for a fight. - Yes, 1 find him very..............

5 She never laughs at anything. ~ 1know, she’s got no ...............of ................

6 He’s such a happy person. ~ Yes, he’s always very..................

Unit 7

1 Replace the underlined word with either a synonym or an

opposite - Thay thế từ gạch dưới hoặc là từ đồng nghĩa hoặc là trừ trái nghĩa

► Is he always in such a bad mood? OPP

1 Michael is usually very sensitive. OPP ...........2 Why are they so miserable? SYN ...........3 We were am azed to see her. SYN ...........4 He never shows his feelings. OPP ...........

5 I was terrified when it happened . SYN ...........6 I was delighted with my results. SYM ...........

2 Are these sentences logical? If not, cross out the word that is not logical and replace it with a better word - Các câu sau đây có hợp lý không? Nếu không, hãy gạch ngang từ không hợp lý và thay th ế nó bằng một từ đúng hơn.

► I was astonished that 1passed the exam, but really miserable.

► She's very emotional, so she tends to show her feelings alotTTltU.ii. ..

1 He was furious with me, and I was thrilled.........................



68 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

2 She was so proud when her son did well, and really jealous ........

3 1was anxious before the flight, and scared stiff by the time wetook off .............................................

4 1 don’t know what upset her, but she was thri lled..........................

5 She can be very insensitive and often hurts people’s feelings.........

6 I can ’t talk to her because s he’s insensitive and very supportive....

Unit 8

1 One word is missing in each sentence. Where from? Write it at the end - Có m ột từ bị thiếu trong mổ i câu. Ở vị trí nào?

Hãy v iết nó ở cuố i câu.► Paulo split X with Simone last week upt.......................

1 Petros and I have nothing common..............................

2 How did you get know her? ............................

3 1 like Imran; we get very well............................

4 Don’t forget to keep touch.............................

5 You can’t rely her brother ..........................

.

6 I don’t think they’re a relationship at the moment .............................

2 Com plete the sentences. Keep the meaning the same as in the sentences on the left - Hoàn thành câu . Hãy g iữ cùng nghĩa với câu ở bên trái.

► Being friends with Tomi is important to me. fAyf i t i t&dskw ......with

Tomi is important to me.1 He just likes being with people. He’s very ......................

2 I understand what happened now. I......................what happened.

3 He’s been my friend in difficult times. He’s been very ......................

4 1went out for a meal with the others last week. We got ......................for a meal last week.

5 We share a lot of interests. We have a lot in ......................

6 They argue a lot. They have a lot of ......................



PEOPLE 69

7 She’s sorry that it happened. She ......................that it happened.

8 i can always depend on my sister. My sister is very ......................

Unit 91 Which words are being defined? - Những từ nào đang được

định nghĩa.

► a member of your family. ......

1 a person who com es from a foreign country to live in your country .......................

2 a woman who married your father but who is not your m o th e r .......................

3 someone in* your family who lived a long time ago....................

4 take a child into your family and make them your child le

gaily........ ..............5 have the same appearance as someone ......................

6 be like an older member of your family.....................

7 end a marriage legally.....................

8 all the people in a family born at about the same time.....................

2 Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài tex t

John Lennon’s ► AH.ce.4ix>A4.. were Irish (1)................who came to livein Liverpool. John was an (2)................child in a single (3).................

family. When he was five, his mother gave John toher sister, Mimi, tolook after, so he was (4)................up by his aunt. Lennon got marriedin 1962 to Cynthia, and had a son, Julian. Sadly, the marriage wentwrong. The Lennons got (5 ) ............... in 1968, and Julian was brought(6) ................ by his mother. Lennon remarried in 1969, this timemarrying Yoko Ono, who already had a daughter, Kyoko, from a(7) ................ marriage which had ended in divorce. John andYoko had a son called Sean. Julian and Sean are (8) ................ ’broth

ers, and Julian and Kyoko are (9) ................brother and (10) ................sister.



70 REIVIEW: PEOPLE

Unit 10

1 Find 11 more words or phrases related to wedd ings in the word square - Hãy tìm 11 từ hoặc cụm từ có liên quan đến

đám cưới ở những từ trong ô vuông.

D R I N K A T 0 A s T pc E R M f t p D 0 c s A ME D D u E s J R 0 R c AR I N G D s H R u E X KE p I G D X 0 z p c u EM A R R I A G E L E G A

0 w u 0 N V I N E p 0 s

N u D 0 Is JIG u E s T L p

Y E s M F u R 0 I G EH 0 N E Y M 0 0 N 0 D EK L I s H M E X 0 N I cD B R ! D E s M A I D H

2 Com plete the texts - Hoàn thành bài tex t

When my neighbour Mr Patrick ► cLtfixL...... recently, I went to his(1) . His wife died ten years ago, so he had been a (2 ) ................ for along time. He always wanted to be (3) ................ in the cemetery nextto his wife. There were a lot of (4) ...............at the funeral: mostlyfamily and old friends. His son, Malcolm, (5) ................ his house, andI believe he’s going to move back to live in it. My cousin, Elizabeth,got married last year. She and her Martin, had to (6)

whether to have a religious (7)................or a (8) ................ one. in theend, they (9) ................. a religious wedding. She was a beautiful(10) ............ and Martin looked fantastic. Martin’s brother, Steve,was the (11) ................ man. It was a very traditional ceremony, andafterwards there was a (12) ................at a hotel near the church. Nextweek it will be their first wedding (13) ............... , so the family is goingto get together to (14)................ with a big party.



THE WORLD AROUNI) u s 71

11 I can describe the universeTôi có thể mô tả về vũ trụ

— _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A The universe - Vũ trụ• The mo on ’ is a sate l l i te of the eart h; in oth er wo rds, i t c i rc les aroundthe ear th . Th is takes approx imate ly 28 days .

Mặ t t răng là mộ t vệ t ình cùa trá i đấ t; nó i cách khá c , nó xoay (Ịtuinh trái đât, Việ c nà y ckiế iìì thờ i gian xấ p xí 28 ngày.

• The ear th r ev ol v es around the sun every 365 days.

Trái dát quay quanh mặ t tr ờ i c ứ 365 ngày mộ t t ầ n.

• The s u n :i is a star , but seems much larger tha n othe r s t a r s ’ because it is so closeto the ear th . Light f rom the sun takes approximately eight minutes to reach theearth.

Mạ t trờ i là mộ t ngôi sao, như ng có vẻ lở n nhi ề u ỉiơ n so v i các ngôi s(10 ỉiỉiác b i vì nó nấ m quá gầ n v i trái đấ t . Ánh súng t ừ mậ t trờ i mấ t khoáng x ấ p xí 8 phút đê đ ế n đ ư ợ c t rái đ ấ t .

• N i ne p l a n e t s ’ r evo lve a round t he SUI1 . We ca l l the sun and a ll i t s p l ane ts the

s o l a r s y s te m .

Chin hàn h tinh quay quanh mặ t trờ i. Chúng ta gọ i mặ t trờ i t'ù tấ t cã các hành tinh cúa ỈIÓ ỉù hệ iìiặ t trờ i.

• Seventy-f ive years ago, sending ro c k e ts ’ in to sp ac e seemed fa r - fc tc h ed , butnow i t is a fact of l i fe and we have gained considerable knowledge of theearth’s satelli te and our solar system.

Cách dây 75 năm, việ c phóng tên lứ a và vệ t inh có Ư Ớ như là chuyệ n rấ t khó tin, như ng b ây g iờ ỈIÓ d à l à mộ t s ự t hậ t t ron g đờ i s ố n g và ch ú ng ta đã đạ t đ ư ợ c lư ợ n g k iế n t h ứ c đ á n g

kể về các vệ t inh cúa trái đấ t rà hệ mặ t trờ i cứ a chúng ta.____________________________



72 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND us

Glossary . . . t Tuniverse UÙ trụ the whole of space and everything in it, including the planets and stars.

satellite vệ tinh an object that moves round a bigger object in space.

in in words nó i c ác h k h ấ c used for saying sth in a different way.circle sth qua y quanh cái gì go round sth in a circle.SYMC revolve around sth.

approximately x ấ p x ỉ about. SYM roughly.

reach sth đến đư ợ c nơ i nào arrive at a place.

space khôn g giãn the area beyond the earth round the planets and stars.

far-fetched khó tin not easy to believe because it is very improbable.

gain sth đạ t đư ợ c th ứ gt get more and more of sth useful, such as knowledge or

experience.

knowledge kiế n th ứ c what you know and understand about sth.

o One word is wrong in each sentence. Cross it out and write the correct word - Có một từsai trong mổì câu. tìảy gạch ngang nó và viết từ đúng .

► The sun circles the earth...*wQO.t.......

1 The planets are in the solar sp ace ......................2 The earth revolves around the moon ......................

3 The sun is a planet......................

4 Man first walked on the sun in 1969 ......................

5 Venus is a star ..... ................

6 We can send planes into space ......................

7 The stars are part of the earth ..................

©Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu .

► There are billions of stars in the ..wtatAte. .

1 Is it important to send rockets into .................?

2 The earth revolves around the sun: in other ................. , earth is a planet in our solar system.

3 The Venus Express rocket took .................five months to..................the planet Venus.

4 The idea of human life on Mars is far ....................

5 We have .................a lot of knowledge about the solar system inrecent years.



THE WOULD AROUND US

6 The earth ................. around the sun every 365 days.

7 My................ of space is very limited. I’d like to learn more about it.

8 The moon is a ................. of the earth.

© m es*y°urself-Cover the text and name everything in the picture. Hãy Che text và tên của mọi thứ trong bức ảnh.

B Scientific explorationCuộc thám hiểm khoa học• *

lie s to explore the/Snjt

ent$^$ee

Tại sao phải đến Sao Hỏa?

C á c n h à kh o a h ọ c đ ã p h ỏ n g cá c vệ

t in h đ ề k h a m p h á b ề m ặ t c ủ a S a o

H ỏa, và ơă thực h iện nh iều cuộc t h ỉ n g h i ệ m ơ ể x e m th ử liệ u h o c ó t h ế

kh á m p h á ra b ấ t cứ d ấ u h i ệ u n à o củ a

sự sô n g ở S a o H ỏ a kh ô n g . C h o đ ế n

bây g iờ, họ vẫn chua t ìm ra dấu h iệu

n à o , n h ư n g m ộ t S ũ n g h i ê n cứ u về cá c

■'1J. -'-■■■- :■1 t âng đá ơược l ấy t ù Sao Hỏo đã khẳng& đ ịn h rằ n g ch ú n g đ ư ơc tạ o ra b ở i sự có

mặt của nước và g ió . Nó i cách khác , t r o n g q u á kh ứ ở S a o H ỏ i1 c ó t h ế đ à có

sự sống tốn tại.

: I ► ») I\ t \ y ì 11

lip!

scientist nhà khoa họ c a person who studies the physical world, science N.scientific ADJ.

satellite uệ tinh a piece of electronic equipme nt that is sent into spac e and moves

around.

explore sth khám phá nơ i nào travel round a place in order to learn about it.exploration N.

carry out sth th ự c h iệ n u iệ c g i do and co mplete a task.experiment th í ngh i ệ m a scientific test done in order to learn sth.

analysis s ự p h ân tích a careful study of sth in order to explain it. analyse V.

confirm sth khảng cíịnh diều gì say or show that sth is true or definite, confirmation N.

exist tồn tại If sth exists, it is present in the real world, existence M



74 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND I S

discover or invent?

If you discover something, you learn about or find something for the first time, discoveryN. If you invent something, you create something that didn't exist before, invention N.

They've discovered a new planet. Who invented the telescope?

Nếu bạn khám phá ra điểu gì, thì ban học vế nó hoặc tim ra điều gì lẩn đầu tiến. Nếu bạn phát minh ra .ỉhứ gì. thì bạn tạo ra được thứ mà trước đó không hề tồn tại.

Họ đã khám phá ra một hành tình mới. Ai đã phát minh ra kinh viền vọng?

o Circle the correct word - Khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► There was an (epenmeuexploration to test the levels of sugar inthe blood.

1 Th ese an ima ls only explore /exis t in South Am erica - now h e r e e l s e .

2 They’re going to explore/analyse the area to see what they canfind.

3 The discovery/invention of the electric light bulb changed people’slives.

4 Scientists have carried out/confirmed experiments on animals.

5 Who invented/discovered the life-saving drug penicillin?6 We’ve got the data, so now we need to analyse/explore it.

© Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word on the right - Hoàn thành câu bằng việc dùng dạng đúngcủa từ ở bên phải.

► Television was an incredible ỈNVEMT

1 There’s a report from a group of ............ SCIENCE2 The........of penicillin was of major importance. DISCOVER

3 We're waiting for of the results ............. CONFIRM

4 There will be an of the findings in the laboratory..... ANALYSE

5 The 60s and 70s were an exciting period for space.... EXPLORE

6 Humans are always looking for the....of new life forms. EXIST

©C o m p lete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

► The p o l i c e . d r u g s inside his shoes.

1 At the m om ent there is no evidence that life...........on Mars.



THE WORLD AROUND u s 75

2 They left camp and went to ........... the countryside to see whatthey could find.

3 With the use of ............ TV can show news from anywhere in theworld.

4 Scientists believe they will have to ...........out further experiments.

5 i don’t know who first ........... the camera. Do you?

6 We knew he was ill, but the doctors have now ............that it’sserious.

Q f lA Test yourself . Cover the glossary meanings and look at p * the words. Can you remember the meanings? Che ngh ĩa

của glossary và hãy nhìn vào từ: Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của từ không?



76 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND u s

12 Ican talk about rivers and the sea Tôi có thể nói về sông và biể nA Water - Nư c

RIVERS - CÁC CON SÔNG

Rivers flow to the sea. A river can be wide (width n) and deep (depth N) or narrow an d shallow . If it rains hea vily, a river can burst its ba nk s1, wh ich causes floods2. If there is no rain for a long time, the ruver dries up:i.

Các dòng sông chảy ra biển. Một dòng sông có thể rộng và sâu hoặc hẹp và cạn.

Nếu trời mùa lổn, sông cố thể vỡ bờ. điều này gây nên lụt lội. Nếu không có mưa trong một thời gian dài. Thì sông sẽ khô cạn.

wide river- sông rộng lìĩirrmv riu*r sông hẹp

THE SEA and OCEANS - BIEN và ĐẠI DƯƠNG

The tide comes in (high tide) and goes out (low tide) twice a (lay

Thúy triề u dâììg ỉêìì (thủ y tri ề u ỉ ẽ n) vả hạ xuố ng ị ị ỉ iủ y tri ề u xuông) hai l ầ n mộ t li gả y.

Boats float1on the surface* of the water

Nhữ ng chiêc tììỉ íyề ìì trôi trên bề m ậ t nư c.

5

,4

In bad weather a boat can capsize and sinki;.People on the boat may be trapped u n d er w ate r and may dro w n. 5

Khi thờ i tict xâu, chiế c thuyề n củ tỉlể lậ t úp và c lì/71xuố ng. Nhữ ng ngư ờ i ở trên thuyề n có th ế mác kẹ t ở dư i nư c và có t ì ìể bị chế t đuố i.



THE WORLD AROUND US 77

DIFFERENT AREAS OF WATER - CÁC VÙNG Nước KHÁC NHAU

.Glossary"

flow ch ả y move smo othly (like water).

burst nổ break open suddenly and violently.ocean đạ i dư ơ ng a very big seat e.g. the Atlantic Ocean,

tide thủụ Lrìều the regular change in the sea level caused by the moon and sun.

capsize lậ t up (used of boats) turn over in the water.

underwater ở dư i nư c h appe ning or existing below the surfa ce of the water,

drown c h ế t đ uó ỉ die in water b ec aus e you ca n ’t breathe.

cause V. /YTo cause something is to make something (oft en unpleasant) happen.

The wind ca use d problems for cyclists. The cause of something is the person or thingthat makes it happen.

The police don't know the cause of the accident.To cause something: làm cho việc gi đố (thường là không mong muốn) xảy ra.

Gió gầy ra khó khăn cho những người đi xe đạp. Nguyên nhân ẹủa việc gì đó là người hoặc việc mà làm cho việc đó xảy ra.

Cảnh sát không biết được nguyên nhân của vụ tai nạn này.

O o n e letter is missing. Write the words correctly. Có một mẫu tự còn thiếu. Hãy viết từ đúng.

► lak ..... 6 nar ro ................

1 flood ................. 7 pu dle ................

spotlight ■




2 high tid ................. 8 d ron ..................

3 shalow ................. 9 waterfa!..................

4 float................. 10 o ce n .................

5 suface .................

e Match 1- 8 with a - i. - Hãy nổi 1 - 8 và a - i.

► the tide ...I........... a capsized

1 burst ................ b to the sea

2 the river ............... c its banks

3 low ................ d dried up

4 the width ............... e in the lake

5 it flows............... f river

6 drown ................. g of the river

7 a shallow ................ h tide

8 the boat................. i went out V

© Yes or No? Write Y or N. - Yes hoặc No? Hãy viết Y hoặc N.

► Do streams have a tide? ...........1 Is the depth of a river the sam e as its width?..................

2 Can you have a high tide and a low tide? ..................

3 Do puddles form when it rains a lot? .....................

1 4 Can people float in water?...............

5 Can people capsize? ........ .........

* 6 Can a pond dry up? .......................................

7 Can people swim up a waterfall?..................8 Can people sit on the bank of a river? ..................

9 Are canals deeper than seas? ..................

10 Does water flow in a pond? ..................


► The River Seine (loatjyfloves through Paris.

1 The leaves floated on the surface/underwater.2 i went sailing on the pond/lake.

3 The ship capsized/drowned in the storm.

4 1swam across the whole depth/width of the river.



THE WORLD AROUND US 79

5 There’s a little stream/tide at the end of our garden.

6 Sadly the dog drowned/sank when the ship capsized.

7 You can stand up in the river here; it’s very narrow/shallow.

8 Our furniture got very wet during the floods/tides.

© Complete the texts with a suitable word in the correct form. - Hoàn thành b ài text với từ phù hợp ở dạng đủng.

We had some storms with very heavy rain last summer. The river which runs throughthe city

(1)........... its banks, and (2)........... serious floods. The water was quite

(3 ).......... : it was two metres in some parts, and you could see people’s possessions

(4 ) ...........in the water.

We had a terrible day sailing on a (5)............in the mountains last weekend. The windwas very strong, and suddenly our little boat (6) ........... and we ended up inthe water. We swam to safety, but watched the boat slowly (7)...........to the bottom. Later wediscovered it was very dangerous there, and last year someone (8)...........

B The coast - Vùng ven biể n 6 Ì

Glossarycoast ưùnguerì biển the area of land that is close to or next to the sea or an ocean.

shore bờ biển the land along the edg e of the sea, a lake, etc.

steep thẳng đứng A steep hill or cliff goes up quickly from a low place toa high one.

protect sb/s th from sth bảo vệ a i/ cái gỉ thoát khỏi thứ gì đó keep sb/sth safefrom sth. protection N.

rough hung d ữ , đầy nguy hiểm. A rough sea has big waves.EPP calm.



80 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND US

Our local hoach is mainly sandy, with a few rocks and pebbles down by the shore. There’s a steep cliff rising above thf‘ beach, and children often play in tho caves there. At the end of the bay there’s a small harbour. When the weather’s bad, the sailing boats are protectíMỈ from the waves and the rough sea. We o f t (Ml s e e l a r g e s h i p s o n t h e h o r i z o n .

Vù fig ven biế n ở địaphư ơ ng củ a chúng tôi phầ n l n co rấ t nhiề u đá, vó mộ t ư ài nhữ ng tả ng dú lờ n rà nhiề u (ỉá sỏ i dư i bờ lĩiể n. Có mộ t vách d dố c đứ ng mọ c lên ở trên bãi bicn va trẻ con thư ờ ng chơ i đùa ở trong i ỉ hừ ng cả i hang ở dó. ơ cuố i vịnh có mộ t bế n cáng nhỏ . Khi thờ i tiổ ỉ trở hên xấ u di, nhữ ng chiế c thuyề n ra khơ i dư ợ c báo vệ khói nhữ ng cơ n sỏ ìỉg l n vù biế n đầ y hung dữ . Ch ứ ng tói thư ờ ng ngổ m Ị ì ỉ iừ nq chìêc tàu khá lở n ở phía xa chân t rờ i.

© Which words are being defined? Từ nào được định nghĩa.u a small stone you find on a beach ..........

1 the line between the land or the sea and the sky. ...................

2 a large piece of sto ne .................

3 an area of sand or small stones beside the sea ......................

4 a high steep area of rock next to the sea ....................

5 a large boat often used to carry passengers....................

6 the land at the edge of the sea where there is sand or rocks .......

7 a place where ships or boats are tied up and protected from the se a ..................

8 a large hole in a cliff or under the ground....................

9 the area of land next to the sea....................

10 an area of the coast where the land goes in to form a curve .......

© Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu .

u It was a nice day, so we went to t h e . . .............1 When it’s stormy, the sea gets very......................2 A huge.......... ........... hit the boat and we capsized3 The harbour ......................the little boats in bad weather.4 At one end of the beach there are rocks and pebbles, but the

other end is..........................5 You can’t climb the cliff; it’s too ........................

6 1 could see a boat....................... the horizon.

A # Test yoursel f. Cover the tex t and look at the picture. What ™ are the words? - Che bài text và nhìn vào bức hình .

Những từ đó là từ gì?

bay



THE WORLD AROUND u s 81#

13 I can describe the climate __ _ o _ \T 1^ l ĩ A A f 7 X I I y I ^Toico trie mo tá ve khí hậ u

------- *

A The w eather - Thờ i tiế t

Word/Phrase Example Meaning

pour (with rain) It’s p ouring outside! rain heavily.

soaking w et

SYNC soa ke d

It was pouring with rain

and I got soa kin g w et.

extremely wet.

drizzle V, N It was drizzling when I left the office.

rain lightly, with verysmall dro ps. drops

rainbow Did you see the rainbow?

bitterly cold It’s bi tte rly co ld today. extremely cold.

chilly It gets c h il ly in the evening. a little too cold to be comfortable.

mild It’s been a very m ild winter. warmer than usual for the time of year.

heatwave I hate this heatwave! a period of unusually hot weather.

muggy

SYN humid

It’s really muggy today. warm and damp in an unpleasant

way.

mist N misty

ADJ

You get a lot of mist in the

mornings in autumn.

thin cloud near the ground

which is difficult to see through(not as thick as fog).

frost N frosty ADJ There was a frost last night;

there's ice on the car.

the weather condition when the

temperature is below 0ỬC andice forms on windows, theground, etc.

breeze N breezy ADJ

It’s hot today, but there's alovely breeze .

a light wind.

gale There were gales last night. a strong wind.



82 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND I S

o Tick ( t he correct answer - Đánh dấu tick ( s )vào câu trả lời đúng.

4 Which is colder? E Ĩ a chi l ly day □ a mild day

1 Wh ich is s tronger? □ a gale □ a breeze

2 Which is colder? □ a breezy morning □ a f rosty morning

3 Which is warmer? □ a muggy evening □ a chilly evening

4 W hich mean s more water? Q It poured for an hour. Q ]It drizzled for an hour.

5 Which is harder to see through?□ fog □ mist

6 Which means more water? □ I got wet. □ I got soaked.

© Complete the words in the texts - Hoàn thành từ trong bài text.

While we were out, it suddenly started to ► p.o-RX.....with rain. Wedidn’t have an umbrella, so we got (1) s ............ wet. When the rainstopped, the sun came out and we could see a (2) r .............. Itwasn’t cold; in fact, it was quite a (3) m ............ day for November.She woke up. It was (4) b .............cold, and she noticed the (5)f ............ on the windows. By midday, though, the temperature hadgone up. As she left the house, she felt a few (6) d ............ of rain on

her head, then it (7) d ............ for the rest of the day.Last summer was unusually hot; we had a (8) h ............ which lastedfor several weeks, and it was incredibly (9) m ............ and unpleasant at night.

© 1Tests yourself . Cover the wo rds /ph rases and examp les in the table and look at the meanings. What are the wo rds? - Che từ/ cụm từ và các vi dụ trong b ảng và xem

nghĩa của từ. Những từ đó là từ gì?

B Climate change - Thay đổ i khí hậ uspotlight affect N, affect V

An effect is a change which is caused by something.What are the effects o f global warming?To affect something means to make it change in a particular way.Climate change will affect all our fives (= will make our lives change).Một ảnh hưởng là một sự thay đổi gây ra bởi việc gỉ đó.Những ảnh hưởng của hiện tượng nóng lẽn toàn cầu là gỉ?

Anh hưởng thứ gỉ đố cố nghĩa là làm cho nó thay đổi theo một cách riêng biệt.

Sự thay đổi về khí hậu sẽ ảnh hưởng đến tất cả cuộc sống cùa chúng ta.



THE WORLD AROƯ NI) u s 83

OUR ENVIRONMENT MÔI TRƯ Ờ NG CỦ A CHÚNG TA

Global warming is the gra dual increase in the average temperature of the earth ’s’

atm osp he re , and is caused by harm ful ga ses. Many en vir on m en ta lists believe that most of this pollution is the result of human activities. Mere are some of' the effects:

H iệ n tư ợ ng nóng lê n toàn cầ u là sự tăng dầ n nh iệ t độ trung bìn h củ a kh í quyể n trái đ ấ t , và đư ợ c gây ra bở i các loạ i khí có hạ i. N hi ề u ìiỉ ià môi trư ờ n g h ọ c tin rằ n g h ầ u hế t sự ô n h iề m m ô i trư ờ ng n ày là k ế t q ua từ các h oạ t đ ộ n g c ủ a con ngư ờ i. Đây là mộ t số á nh h ư ở ng củ a nó:

• As the ice at the poles’ melts, sea levels could rise by almost a metre in the

n e x t c e n t u r y .

Khi băng ở các b iể n tan chả y, m ự c nư c b iể n có th ể dâng lẽ n kho ả ng mộ t mét vào th ế k ỷ tiế p theo.

• There will be more extreme and unpredictable weather, e.g. heatwaves or floods.

Th ờ i tiế t có th ể trở nên khắ c nghiệ t hơ n và khó có th ể d ự đoá ìi trư c, ch ẳ n g h ạ n n h ư só ng n hiệ t ỉioặ c lụ t lộ i.

• The earth will become even warmer because the rainforest are disappearing.T rá i đ ấ t th ậ m c hí sẽ trở n ên ấ m hơ n bở i vì n hữ n g k hu rừ n g n h iệ t đ i d an g d ầ n b iế n mấ t.

• Famine and disease will spread, and this will especially affect people i n p o o r c o u n t r i e s .

Đói kém và bệ nh tậ t sẽ lan rộ ng và điề u này đặ c biệ t sẽ ả nh hư ở ng đế n dân chúng s ố ng ở các qu ố c g ia nghèo.

3



84 REVIEW: THE WORLD A R OU N D u s

Glossaryclimate k hi h ậ u the normal weath er conditions of a particular region.

( the) environment m ôi trư ờ ng the natural world; the air, land, and water in

which people, plants, and animals live (anenvironmentaỉỉst is sb who studiesthe environment) .

gradual dầ n dart happening slowly over a long period of time, gradually ADV.

the a tmosphere b ầ u k hí q u yể n the gases around the earth, planets, etc.

harmful có hai causing damage, injury, or illness, harm sth/sb V.

gas kh í a substance like air, e.g. oxygen and hydrogen.

pollution s ự ô nhiễ m dirty and dang erous gases,chemicals, etc. that harm the

env iro nme nt, pollute V.human có liên quan đến con người connected with people.

melt tan If you heat ice, it melts: it changes from a solid to a liquid.

rise nâng l ẽ n in crease ; go h igher, rise ỈS. OPP fall V, N.

extreme c ự c k ỳ much hotter, colder, or more violent than usual.

unpredictable k hô ng th ể d ự đ oá n trư c If sth is unpredictable, you can’t sayhow it will ch an ge in the future. OPP pred icta ble, pre dic t V.

disappear biế n m ấ t stop existing. SYN vanish.

famine n ạ n đó i A famine is when there is not enough food in a country,

d isease b ệ nh tậ t illness in people, animals, or plants,

spread lan r ộ ng affect more and more people or things.

o Complete the words - Hoàn thành từ.

► h« ,. .m An 4 h...rmf.. .l 8 I .... q u....d1 pr.. ..d. ...c t.... ble 5 atm o ...... ẹ r e 9 d. ...s .....s e

2 d i s ..... e a r 6 env...ro...m ....nt 10 c...

3 f e 7 p ....1

©Good or bad? Write G or B- Tốt hay là xấu? Hãy viết G hoặc B.

► This gas won’t harm anyone...<£?...........

1 Som e kinds of animals are vanishing..................

2 The flood water is falling.................

3 Famine is spreading .................




4 This liquid is harmful..................

5 The weather is less extreme..................

6 The earth’s temperature is rising ...................

7 The ice at the poles is gradually melting..................8 The river is polluted .................

Ỡ Circle the cor rect word - Khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► Ice is a (Soil3y liquid.

1 How does the situation effect/a ffect you?

2 It’s all very predic table/unpredictable: you never know what’s go

ing to happen.3 My brother studies the environment/an environmentalist.

4 Global warming is caused by people/human activity.

5 Eat your ice cream quickly — it’s spreading/melting.

6 Water is a liquid/gas.

7 The rainforest is gradually disappearing/melting.

8 There are harmful gases in the atmosphere/effect.


► The earth is ... getting warmer.

1 We had a lot of e ...............weather last year: a long heatwave andgales in the autumn. 1think it’s all part of c ................. change.

2 If you freeze water, it changes from a I................. to a s..................

3 The beach was p .............. with oil, which seriously a ...............the sea birds and animals.

4 Environmentalists p .............. that there will be a r ............... in sealevels in the future.

5 With g ...............warming, some kinds of plants and animals ared .............. very fast.

6 Certain diseases s ................ from person to person very quickly.

7 p ........... has a very h ................... effect on the environment.8 After many m onths without rain, there is a real danger of f..............

in this part of Africa.




© A B O U T YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY Write your answ ers, or ask another student - Viết cảu trả lời hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 How worried are you about global warming?

2 Do you have rainforests in your country? If so, what is happeningto them?

3 Has the climate changed in recent years in your country? If so,how?

4 Which human activities do you think are harming the environ,ment most?

5 What kind of pollution is common in your country?

Test yourself. Cover the glossary meanings and look at the words. What are the meanings? - Che nghĩa của g lo ssary và xem từ. Nghĩa của từ là g ì?

0 1




14! can describe natural disastersr r 1 * / i f ^ A « ? À f I f # A I •ToI COthe mo ta ve nhữ ng thiên taỉA Types of disaster - Các íoại thiên tai

H u rric a n e’: this word is used especially of storms in the western Atlantic. It

is a violent storm with very strong winds. In other parts of the world, especially Asia, it is called a ty p h oo n .

Cơ n bão: từ này đư ợ c dùng đặ c biệ t đ ể ch í nh ữ ng cơ n bão ở p ỉúa tây Đạ i Tây Dư ơ ng. Đó là mộ t cơ n bão d ữ dộ i có gió rấ t m ạ nh ở nhữ ng ph ầ n khác tr ẽ n thế gi i đặ c biệ t là Châu Á, thì cơ n bão này đư ợ c gọ i Là typhoon.

E ar th q u ak e2: a su d d en violent movement of the gr ou nd causing d am ag e.

T rậ n dộ n g đ ấ t: m ộ t sự di chu yể n dữ dộ i và đ ộ t ngộ t củ a m ặ t đ ấ t g ây ra nh ữ ng tổ n thâ t l n .

T id al w a v e3: a very large ocean wave that is caused by a storm or earthquake, and which destroys things when it reaches land.

Sóng th ầ n : m ộ t cơ n sóng rấ t l n ở đ ạ i dư ơ ng đư ợ c gây ra do bở i bão hoặ c đ ộ ng đ ấ t và nó phá h ủ y tấ t cả m ọ i th ứ kh ỉ nó qué t vào đ ấ t liề n .

Volcanic eruption4: a volcano is a mountain with a hole in the top, and when it erupts, hot gases and lava are forced out into the air and onto the surrounding land.

S ự phun trào nú i lử a: nú i lử a là mộ t ng ọ n nú i có mộ t khe h ở ở đ ính n ú i , và

khi nó phun trào , nh ữ ng loạ i kh í nóng và dung nham đư ợ c đ ấ y m ạ nh vào không khí và tràn lên vùng đ ấ t ở xung quanh .

Droughts: a long period with no rain. Crops die, and people may starve to death.

H ạ n hán: không có mư a m ộ t thờ i gian rấ t dài. Cây cố i bị chế t và con ngư ờ i có th ể bị ch ế t đói .



88 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND US

Glossarydisas ter tai h ọ a a very bad event, causing harm or death.

violent d ữ dộ i very strong and usually causing damage, violence M.

sudden độ t ng ộ t happening very quickly, suddenly ADV.ground m ậ t đ ấ t the top pa rt of the ea rt h’s surface that people walk on.

damage th iệ t h ạ i harm or injury caused when sth is broken, damage V.

destroy phá h ủ y th ứ gì sth break sth completely so it c a n ’t be used again,destruction N.

erupt p hu n trào explode and throw out fire, burning rocks, etc.

lava dung nham hot liquid rock (see picture).

surrounding that is near or around sth. ở xung quanh surroundings N.

crops c ầ y cố i plants that are grown for food, e.g. rice and potatoes,

starve chế t đói (to death) suffer (ordie) because you don’t have enough food.

o Com bine f ive more pairs of words from the box to form com pound w ords or phrases - Kết hợp nhiều hơn năm cặp từ trong khung để thành lập từ hoặc cụm từ.

earth s volcanic tidal surrounding starve land

eruption violent wave quake s to death storm

^ eo.A.t(<cfuAjee

e What nouns are formed from these adjectives and verbs?- Các danh từ nào được thành lập từ tính từ và động từ?

► volcanic VftfeAwp;... 2 vio lent ................4 surrounding................

1 d estro y................. 3 eru pt ................ 5 damage.................

© Complete the words in the sentences - Hoàn thành từtrong câu.

► When the t reached land, it was over ten metres high.

1 During the h ........., winds reached over 150 kph, and many homeswere either completely

d .........or badly d ......... It was a terrible d .........for the island.

2 They expect a period of d.........: the c .........will die and peoplecould s ...........



THE WORLD AROUNI) u s 89

3 The volcano e ........ without warning and the g .........was coveredin red, hot 1..........

4 There was a s ........ arid V.........storm. It was the beginning of the t..............

o f Test you rself. Cover the texts and look at the pic tures. Can you name each disaster and what happens? - Che bài text và xem hình ảnh. Bạn có thể biết tên của mỗi thảm h ọa và điều g ì xảy ra khôn g?

B Effects - Nhữ ng ả nh hư ở ng

^ EARTHQUAKE HÍTS KASHM IR DỘNG ĐẨ T TẤ N CÔNG MẠ NH VẢO KASHMIR

Late last night a sudden earthquake St ruck the region of Kashmir 011 th e borders of India and Pạ kistan, and hundreds of people are thought to have lost their lives as buildings collapsed v/hile they slept.

Vào khuya tố i hôm qua mộ t trậ n đ ộ ng đ ấ t bấ t ngờ đã tấ n công vào vữ ng Kashm ir ở biên gi i Ân Độ và Pakistan, và hả ng t răm ngư ờ i dư ợ c CỈÌO lả đã th i ệ t mạ ng khi nh ữ ìig tòa nhà bị s ậ p đ ố trong lúc họ đang ng ủ .

Thousands have now been e v a c u a te d , but there are fe a rs tha t many are still t r a p p e d inside their homes, so the de ath to l l could rise. The damage has already been co n sid e ra b le and the next 48 hours will be cr u c ia l, not only to rescue more people but also, to try to maintain supplies of waterand electricity

Bây g iờ hàng ngàn ng ư ờ i dã đư ợ c đư a đi sơ tán, như ng vẫ n có m ố i lo ngạ i r ằ ng nh iề u ngư ờ i vẫ n còn đang mắ c k ẹ t trong nhà củ a họ , do dó sô ngư ờ i t hiệ t m ạ ng có th ể tăng lèn. Thiệ t hạ i đã ở con số đáng k ế và 48 g iờ tiế p theo sẽ r ấ t cấ p bách, không ch í là ph ả i cứ u nh iề u ngư ờ i hơ n mà còn ph ả i cố g ắ n g đ ể d u y trì sự c un g cấ p về nư c và điệ n .

Glossary

hi t s th/sb tấ n c ôn g m ạ n h uầ o th ứ g ì / ngư ờ i nào đó make sudden violentco nta ct with sth/sb. SYNC strike sth/sb.

collapse sập, đổ If a building collapses, it falls to the ground, collapse N.

evacuate sb s ơ tấ rì a i thoát kh ỏ i nguy hiể m move sb away from a dangerous place, evacuation N.

fear mố ỉ lo SỢ a feeling that sth bad might happe n, fear V.

trap sb ỉ àm ai bị m ắ c k ẹ t If sb is trapped , they are inside sth and ca nn ot get out.

death toll số người thiệt mạng the number of people killed in a disaster, accident, etc.



9 0 REVIEW: THE WORLD AROUND u s

considerable đ ấ ng kể very large in size or amount,

crucial c ấ p bá ch , c ấ p th iế t very important.

rescue sb g iả i c ứ u ai thoá i k h ỏ i nguy h iế m take sb from a dangerous place to safety.

SYNC save sb.

maintain sth da y t rì t hứ g ỉ make sth continue at a certain level,

supply (PL supplies) ư iệ c cu ng cấ p an amount of sth that you need.

© Complete the text with words from the box in the correct form - Hoàn thành text với từ được cho trong khung ở dạng đúng.

supply trap earthquake Vmaintain strike/hit fear collapse evacuate rescue

When an hìcưdUcịvư*i#i( 1)a city, the re is always a d an g er th at b uildings will (2) ............ and people will be (3).............inside. As soon ast h e im m e d i a t e d a n g e r h a s passed, the first job is to (4).................people

f r o m t h e a r e a , a n d ( 5 ) ............ t hose in da nge r . A t the sa m e t im e , the

go ve rn m en t wi ll sen d ỉn (6 ) ............ of food , wa te r, a nd b lan ke ts to

the disaster area. One of the hardest things of all is to (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . .a

supply of clean drinking water, and there is always the (8) ........... thatm o r e p e o p l e c o u l d d i e .

© Replace the underlined words with a different word that has the same meaning - Thay thế các từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ khác mà có cùng nghĩa.

► Many people are afraid that there will be more earthquakes, i.®

1 Many buildings fell to the ground. ...................

2 It could be a very important decision.

3 The v i l lagers have a l l been moved f rom the v i l lage . ......................4 There are people who are inside their homes and cannot get out. .................

5 Scientists believe the hurricane will reach and attack Florida within24 hours..................

6 The number of people killed could be as high as 2,000 .....................

7 The storm has done a great deal of damage....................

8 He was injured while trying to take his son to safety from the fire ...................

0 Test y °urs elf- Look at the glossary words and cover the meanings. Can you rememb er the meanings? - Hãy nhìn

vào các từ ở glo ss ary và che nghĩa lạị. Bạn có th ể nhớ

nghĩa của từ khỏng?




151 can describe animals and insectsQ /1 \ T'T A • y j I A A I / A y f \ Í 4 A A i ___ *

Tôi có thê wo tá vê các ỉoaỉ độ ng vậ t và côn trùngA Creatures great and small: wild animals and

insects - Nhữ ng loài độ ng vậ t l n và nhỏ : độ ng vậ t hoang dã và côn trùng

leopard monkey

! ,




Uâsá:gorilla

— " i»v ..

k r

J S r v ' 3’’

bear

shark

whale

snake

/ j f y .

bee

Glossary

., s : ■ . .

£-’£r'Hvv ,

eagle wing

m o s q u i t o

creature loài v ậ t a living thing such as an animal, bird, fish, or insect.wild hoang dà living in natural conditions; not looked after by people.

insect côn trùng a small animal with six legs, one or two pairs of wings, and a body in three parts.

o One letter is missing. Write the words co rrectly - Còn thiếu một mẫu tự. Hãy viết từ đúng.

► tier.Vgẹ*...1 lepand ......

2 elepant .....

3 eale

4 gorilla.5 wale...

6 sider...

7 nake...

8 sark 9 money,



THE WORLD AROUND u sI

93

GWhich creature:

4 has wỉngs?f,ậị., e.

b ........... m ..........

1 has a tail? Ỉ....... e.6 has spots? I.......

3 has thick fur? g ...... b.

4 has a trunk? e .......

5 has stripes? t .......6 has spots? 1......

2 is an insect? f...., b ...... , m....7 has a beak and feathers? e.

€ > M Test yoursel f. Cover the words and look at the p ictures . ^ Name the creatures - Che từ và nhìn ở bức hình của

động vật. Hãy đặt tên cho chủng.

B Unusual facts about animal Nhữ ng hiệ n tư ợ ng kỷ lạ về độ ng vậ t

R ắn

Có khoả ng 2.600 Loạ i rắ n kỉ iác nhau. Kho ả ng b ố n trăm loài rắ n là rắ n độ c, nh ư ng có nh i ề u loài rắ n không gây h ạ i. Về kích th ư c,

chúng có nhi ề u kích th ư c r ấ t đa d ạ ng: r ắ n nhò nh ấ t dà i k ỉio ả ng 12 cent imet và r ắ n l n nhấ t dài đ ế n 10 m ét và n ặ ng 250 ký. R ắ n k hô ng cầ n nă ng lư ợ ng từ thứ c ăn (mặ t trờ i cung c ấ p nh i ệ t cho cơ th ể c ủ a chúng) , do đó chúng có t h ể s ố n g tr on g và i th á n g m à không cầ n ăn u ố ng g ì cả .

Cá mậpVòng đ ờ i trung bình củ a mộ t con cá m ậ p là kho ả ng 25 năm nh ư ng m ộ t s ố con cá m ậ p có th ể số n g đế n 100 năm. Chúng có đặ c đi ể m khậ c thư ờ ng là cơ th ể củ a ch ứ ng không có xư ơ ng, và nhữ ng con cá mậ p l n có th ể có đ ế n 4000 chiế c

răng. Chúng r ấ t là nguy hi ể m khi c hú ng s ăn m ồ i nh ư n g c ũ n g c hỉ có mộ t vài loài cá mậ p t ấ n công loài ngư ờ i: có nh iề u ngư ờ i chế t bở i ong chích hơ n là chét bở i bị cá mậ p tấ n công.




Glossary poisonous có ch ấ t độ c producing a dangerous substance (poison) that can kill

or harm you.

harmless uỏ hạ i not causing damage, injury, or illness. COPP harmful, harm N, V.

vary th a y đ ổ i (of a group) be different from each other.

up to lê n đ ế n used when saying the most an amount can be.

weigh c ân nặ n g have a certain weight N, which is how heavy sth is.

survive tồ n tạ i continue to live in a difficult situation, survival N.

average trung bình normal or typical.

lifespan vòng đờ i the time that sth is likely to live (for people, we say life expectancy),

bone x ư ơ nghunt sầ n m ồ i sth go after sth to catch and kill it.

a t tack tấ R công a i / cái g ỉ sb/sth try to hurt sb/sth by using physical force,attack N.

sting c h í c h , đ ố t a sudden pain caused by poison sent into the skin, sting V.

0T r u e or false? Write T or F. - Đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► The average lifespan of a snake is 25 years..F .....1 Most snakes are poisonous..................

2 Most sharks are harmless to humans....................

3 Some snakes are longer than ten metres ..................

4 Snakes can be as heavy as 250 kilos..................

5 Sharks have bones in their body ..................

6 Sharks sting when they attack ..................

© A n s w er the quest ions - Trả lời câu hỏ i.

► Is at tack a noun or a verb, or can it be

1 What is the noun from the verb surulue?...............

2 If animals have a lifespan, what do people have? Life...............

3 What is the noun from the verb weigh? ...............

4 What is the adjective from poison?...............5 What are the two adjectives from the noun harm? ...... and ........




©Co m p le te the words in these animal facts. - Hoàn thành từ trong các hiện tượng của động vật sau đây.

► The average most bees is 30 to 35 days.

1 Some snakes can s ............ for almost a year without food.2 Nobody knows the a ................. lifespan of a snake, but in zoosthey can reach 30.

3 People h .................sharks for their meat and skin, but also for sport.

4 Over 100 people a year diefrom a bee or wasp s ....................

5 S n a k e s can grow u .................to ten metres long.

6 Th e size of sha rks can V................... f rom the s ize of your hand tothe size of a bus.

c Farm and small animals <r Nông trạ i và nhữ ng con vậ t nhỏ

ỉ cmv ;turkry s ịỉnỉil 7 (JonIvi‘\ ^nmusc í ri IHÌCC) II l ilt2 tiihlúí Ifill í íì Imi'sc XIroỵ 10 Jm ỉ I

COWS and cattle

A cow is the female animal that is kept on farms to produce milk. The male is a bull. Cows and bulls kept as farm animals can be called cattle. A group of cows is called aherd.

Từ cow là từ chỉ một động vật giống cái ớược nuôi dưỡng ở nông trại để sản xuất sữa. Con đực được gọi là bull. Bò cái và bò đực được nuôi giữ ở nông trại có thể gọi là gia súc. Một nhóm bao gồm những con bò được gọi là đàn bò.

spotlight




o Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

► A goat often has two ..... on its head.

1 A young cow is a ..................

2 The plural of mouse is ....................3 Cows, sheep, and .................. produce milk that people drink.

4 A ..................is like a small horse with long ears.

5 A ..................is like a mouse, but is larger.

6 A ...................lives in or near water, and can jump.

7 A bull is the adult ................. of the cow family.

8 A ..................is a group of cows.

9 A ..................is a large bird, similar to a chicken, that can beea t en .

10 The general word for bulls and cows on a farm is .....................

© C o m p let e these anim als’ names. Hoàn thành tên cho động vật

► r <K. t 3 b ...........1 6 m ..............e

1 h ..............e 4 c ...........f 7 d ................ỵ

2 g ......... 5 f ............ g 8 t .....................y

©ABOUT YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY Answer the questionsor ask another student- Trả lời câu hỏi hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác .

1 Which of the animals on this page do people e a t? .......................2 Do people keep these animals in your country? If so, why?

h o r s e s ? ............................ ..........................................................................

g o a ts? .........................................................................................................

b u l ls? ..........................................................................................................

donkeys? ...................................................................................................

m ic e ? ..........................................................................................................

© ^ Test yoursel f. Look at the p ic ture and cover the words. Say the w ord s - Nhìn vào bức hình và che từ lại. Hãy nó i ra các từ đó.




Review: The world around us Ôn tậ p: Thế gi i quanh ta______

Unit 11

1 Complete the questions and answers - Hoàn thành câu hỏivà câu trả lời

Space Quiz

Q How long would a ► r.o*Ut... take to (1) r ........Mars?

A It would take (2) a ............ 260 days.Q is the (3) e ...........the only (4) p ...........in the solar (5) s ...........

where life (6) e ............I

A Yes, most (7) s ........ ..... .believe that to be true.

Q Who (8) d............ the planet Venus?

A Most people think it was the ancient Greeks.

Q Who (9) i........... the first American rocket to go into (10) s ...........

A Robert Goddard, in the early twentieth century.Q What are ‘Phobos’ and ‘Deimos’?

A They are two small moons or (11) s ............ which (12) c... ......... the planet Mars.

Q How many stars are there in the (13) u ............?

A Nobody knows for sure, but some say (14) r .......... ten thousand billion billion!

2 Complete the definitions - Hoàn thành các định nghĩa.

► sun = the star that shines during the..4*íị.

1 explore = ........... round a place in order to learn about it2 far-fetched =........... easy to believe3 revolve around something = go round something in a ...........4 experiment = a scientific ...........in order to learn or find out about

something5 scientist = a person who.............or teachesscience6 confirm = say or show that something is .............or definite7 in other words: used for saying something in a .................. way8 invent = create something that didn’t ...... before




Unit 12

1 Circle the odd one out - Khoanh tròn từ khác với các từ còn lại.

► boat CẸ arbo^ì) ship

1 rock wave pebble 3 float sink drown 5 pond flood lake2 stream river pudd le 4 bank ocean shore 6 steep shallow deep

2 Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành (âu .

► This river ......out to the sea.

1 The river is wide in some places but very ................ in others.

2 Look! There’s something floating on the ................of the water.3 They’re building a harbour to provide ................for the boats in

bad weather.

4 The boatin bad weather and one person nearly drowned .............

5 Looking out to sea, there were a couple of large ships on the .....

6 It wasn’t very nice on the boat because the sea was so ...............

7 The canal is ten metres wide and the water is about two m etres ...........ề

8 We had to climb a .............. cliff, which was very difficult.

3 One letter is wrong in each line. Cross out the word that is wrong and wri te the cor rect word at the end - Còn th iếu một mẫu tự trong mỗi dòng . Hãy gạch từ sai và viết từ đúng ở cuối dòng .

► When does the tiff come in this morning?.. tide.......

1 There are large socks on the be ac h .................

2 They travelled by chip .................

3 There’s a sleeji cliff by the shore .................

4 We have a number of fish in our pony .................

5 We saw some fishing boots .................

6 Look out! There's a big cave coming ................

7 It rained heavily and we had a floor .................8 Why did the boat pink?................

9 The river blows down to the sea here .................

10 It’s a very sandy peach .................




Unit 13


► Cars and factories are causing a lot of

1 It’s .................with rain outside. The children will get very wet.2 What are the main .................of global warming?

3 It’s usually cold in January, but this winter it has been very ..........

4 Unfortunately, it’s very hard to .................the future: anything couldhappen.

5 It was very hot, but fortunately there was a lovely.................conningoff the sea.

6 Global warming is causing more .................weather conditions,which win................. people in different parts of the world in dif ferent ways.

2 Replace the underlined words with a sing le word that has the same meaning - Thay th ế các từ được gạch dưới bằng mộ t từ có cùng nghĩa.

► Pollution is damaging the air, land, and water in which we live,fe tạ. .ợ ..........

1 Global warming will cause dam ag e to the env ironment...............

2 If you heat ice, it changes from a solid to a liquid. ..................

3 With global warming, sea levels will get higher. ..................

4 Famine could affect more people in a larger area.

5 These changes may happen slowly over a period of time .............

6 Some rainforests will no longer exist. ..................

Unit 14

1 Match two sentences below with each of the natural disasters in the box - Hãy nối hai câu bên dưới bằng mỗi từ nói về

thảm họa thiên nhiên được cho trong khung.

hurricane earthquake s tidal wave volcanic eruption drought

► Many buildings collapsed.íÃAÍ.^ÍUí.íM

1 Hot gases cam e out of the top of the mountain ..................




2 Winds reached 150 kph ...................

3 There was a huge volume of water ...................

4 We’ve had months without rain..........................

5 There was a sudden violent movement cf the ground..............

6 When it reached land, it destroyed everything along the beach7 Lava covered the surrounding villages....................

8 People are starving to death ...................

9 Many trees were destroyed in the storm ..................

2 Match 1 -7 with a - h. - Hãy nối từ1 - 7 với từ a- h .

► There has been considerable ị ị......

a in the early morning.1 The de at h....... b more people.

2 The school and several houses,... c inside buildings.

3 They rescued ........... d toll could rise.

4 They need to maintain ........ e more will die.

5 People are trapped.. ...... f dam age

6 The earthquake struck* ....... g collapsed.

7 People fear that .......... h supplies.

Unit 15

1 Com plete the table with words from the box - Hoàn thành

bảng với từ được cho trong khung.

tiger s calf lion fly whale bee donkey gorilla shark leopard goat mosquito

Wild animals Farm animals Insects Sea creatures

► tiger

xxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx

2 What is the connection between each creature on the left and a word on the right? - Sự liên quan giữa mỗi sinh vật ở

bên trải với một từ ở bên phải là gì?




tiger s*' 'sn akes leopards elephants beak stripes*''trunk spots

eagles bea rs bees goats sting horns fur poisonous

► U/Ojoet.

3 Complete the crossword - Hoàn thành ô chữ.

ACROSS

2 birds have these

5 C = 36 differ from each

other

8 large animal^ lives inthe desert

9 bees can do this

10 a very intelligentanimal

11a young cow

12 how heavy something is

13 small creature with eight legs

DOWN

1 plural of mouse

3 long thin creature, moves alongthe ground

4 you can die if you eat or drinkthis

7 not causing injury or danger

9 large sea creature, can be dangerous



102 REVIEW: DAILY LIFE

16 I can describe a range of food Tôi có thể mô tả nhiề u loạ i thự c phẩ mA Fruit,vegetables and herhs

Trái cây, rau quả , và thả o mộ c

ỉ plums2 iiprk'Ols

> raspberries4 grapefruits

s avociitlo6 lìgs

7 coconut X p a ss io n Ir uiis

y p.ipay;)JO pom egrỉi n at es

■ <8Ể v ề

5 Slon e 6 X

6 f e ' g f

w*

9 10

spinach 1

leek

fclcry 3broccoli

chU'kpciis 5 fennel

7 n r ti t’h o k e / V /I É ị ệ i .

X iiNpnrngus s y

V sw i'eU orn10 b ed root

10 m i

* , á 4 ' 5 ^Jf, • vr,

i, '% ’% , / ự . £ V -.S ,herbs: Ì basil

1 p ars le y 4 t h ym ri m int 5 roseniiirv

o Circle the odd one out in each group- Khoanh tròn từ khác biệt vởi các từ còn lại trong mỗi nhóm.

4 fig coconut alley raspberry 3 celery asparagus beetroot thyme

1 leek papaya artichoke asparagus 4 fig sweetcorn pomegranate coconut

2 spinach basil mint rosemary 5 stone grapefruit plum apricot

© T h es e vegetables are usually cooked, but whic h ones can

you also eat raw? Write c or R. Những lo ại rau này thường nấu chín, nhưng loại rau nào thì bạn cũng có th ể ăn sống. Hãy viết c hoặc R.

► spinach^., artichoke...beetroot...fennel...chickpeas...celery...broccoli...



DAILY LIFE 103

© Find five more fruits from the letters. Tìm năm loại trái cây từ các mẫu tự.

► BARSERPY*M|»fcẹ.Víị 2 NOCUTOC.............. 4 FRATCJGERIP..

1 MtiLP............. 3 PRTOC1A............ 5 DAOVAOC......

Ỡ ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY Write your answers or ask another student - Viết câu trả lời hoặc hỏ i sinh viên khác.

Do people eat these things in your country? Yes, 1Yes, but not much. 1No.

papaya ....... coconu t ...... ...raspberries .......... passion fruit

p lu m s .......... b a s il .......... pa rsley .......... ch ickpeas ..........

asparagus ... ...... artichoke ... ...... sweetcorn ..........fennel...........

Test yourself. Cover the words and name the things in the pictures. Che từ và nêu tên của các vật trong bức hình.

B Meat, fish, and seafoodThịt cá và đổ biể n

m




1 veal (meat from a calf, which is a young cow)

2 c a l f s l iver

3 kidney4 duck

5 rabbit

7 cod

8 sea bass

9 carp10 salmon

6 t r o u t 11 oyster

12 squid

13 lobster

14 crab

15 clams

16 mussels

© Wh at’s the missing letter? Write the correct word - Từ thiếu

o ABOUT YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY Write your answers, or ask ano ther student. Viết câu trả lời hoặc hỏi s inh viên khác.

1 Which meat do people eat most: veal, rabbit, or du ck? ...........................

2 Which fish do people -eat most: cod, carp, or salmon? .............................3. Which seafood do people eat most: crab, clams, or mussels? .................

4 Are there any kinds of seafood above that you never eat? Why? ............

5 Are there any kinds of meat above that you never eat? Why? ............... .

6 Are there any kinds of fish above that you never eat? Why? ..................

0 Test you rself. Look at the pictu res and cov er the words.

^ Can you name the d i f ferent types of meat , f ish, and seafood? Hãy nhìn vào bức hình và che từ lại . Bạn có thể nêu tên của các loại thịt, cá và thức ăn biển khác nhau khôn g.

là từ g ì? hãy viết từ đúng.

► 4 squd .....4 squd.

5 kineỵ6 trot .

7 òster.

8 live........... 12 samon

9 vaì...........10 sea bas ...........

11 musels ...........

1 caf ......2 lobster

3 abbit.,.



DAILY LIFE 105

171 can talk about diets and cookingTôi có thể nói về việ c ăn kiêng và nấ u nư ng

A Diets - Ân kiêng

r Who needs to d iet? ^

Ai cần phải ăn kiêng?! nev er go on a diet: it’s a wa ste of time. Diets list all the food that is goo d

for you, but few people c an ke ep them up. I ha ven ’t put on weight intwenty years. Here’s why:

Tôi không bao giờ ăn kiêng: đó là việc lẫng phí thời gian. Chế độ ăn kiêng bao gồm

tất cả những thực phẩnt tôĩ cho bạn nhưng hầu như rất ỉt người có thể thường xuyẽn

duy trì việc ăn kiẽng. Trong 20 năm qua tôi chưa hề bị tăng cân, Đây là các Ịý ơo tại

sao:

• I ea t almost anything I like, but 1don’t eat a lot. And I don’t ea t

junk food.Tôi ăn hầu hết các thử mọi thứ ỉôi ỉhỉch. nhưng ỉôi không ăn nhiều. Và tôi không

ăn những thực phẩm không có lợi cho sức khỏe.

• Ịdrink plenty of water, it’s better for you than fizzy drinks , andcheaper too.

Tôi uống rất nhiều nhiều nước. Nước thì tôĩ hơn là những loại đồ uống có gas và cũng

rẻ hơn.

• 1avoid snack s between meals because most of them are fattening.

Tôi tránh ăn dặm giữa các bữa ăn bởi vì hầu hết chúng đều gây ra béo phì.

• I’ve cu t down on the amount of food 1eat in the evening.

Tôi thường hạn chế lượng thức ăn vào buổi tôi

• 1get plenty of exercise .

Tôi tập thể dục rất nhiều

V ________________________________ /




a waste of time s ự làng ph í thờ i gian a bad use of your time (also a waste ofmoney).

good for you tố t cho s ứ c kh ỏ e củ a bạ n SYN healthy. COPP bad for you /unhealthy.

keep sth up tỉ ế p t ụ c ỉ àm v iệ c gì continue doing sth.

put on weight tang can become heavier and fatter. COPP lose weight.

ju n k food đỏ an không tốt chồ sức khỏe food which is not good for you (e.g.crisps) .

plenty of sth nhiề u ở m ứ c cầ n thiế t as much of sth as you need.

fizzy drink đồ u ố n g có g as a drink containing small bubbles of gas.

snack đồ ăn dặm a small amount of food usually eaten between meals.

fattening gây mập making you fatter.

cut down on sth c ắ t giả m th ứ gì havé less of sth.

exercise bài Lặ p th ể d ụ c physical activity that keeps you healthy.

A person's diet is the food they eat. It can be a balanced diet (all the right food the bodyneeds), or a bad diet (too much of the wrong food). Some people diet / go on a diet, which means eating less to lose weight.

Chế độ ăn uống của một người là iượng ỉhức ăn mà họ ăn, Nó cố thể ìà mộỉ chế độ ăn uống cân đối (tẩt cả những thức ăn phù hợp mà cơ thể cẩn) hoặc một chế độ không đúng (quá nhiều thức ăn

không tốt). Có một số người ăn kiêng, việc này có nghĩa là ăn ít lại đế giảm cân.

oGood for you or bad for you? Write G or B. Thức ăn này tốt hay không tốt cho bạn? Hãy viết G hoặc B.

diet

► healthy food.G.

1junk food...........

2 fizzy drinks.......

3 plenty of water.

4 fattening food...............

5 snacks between meals

6 a balanced diet............

7 plenty of exercise .........

©C o m p lete the sentences. Hoàn thành câu .

► Eat it - it’s good ...........you.

1 They’re both going........a diet. 4 That diet was awaste.........time.

2 She’s cut down..........chocolate. 5 He’s put ......alot of weight.



DAILY LIFE 107

3 I tried to diet but couldn’t keep it......... 6 We’ve got plenty. juice.

orange

© Comp lete the sentences with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu với từ phù hợp.

ABOUT YOU

► You shouldn't eat much cream and cheese: they’re .a.t .te.‘li^ .

1 You should drink ......... of water: about 6 to 8 glasses a day.

2 You should get plenty of .........One good way is going to the gym.

3 It’s difficult to........down on the amount of salt you eat.

4 Doing lots of exercise is better than going on a .........

5 1think diets are a .........of time and money.

6 The problem with diets is that most people can’t......... them up.

0 ABOUT YOU Do you agree with the sentences in Exercise 3? Write Yes or No. - Bạn có đồng ý vởi những câu trong Exercise 3 khô ng? Viết Yes hoặc No.

B Cooking - Việ c nấ u nư ngRecipe for Cottage Pic

Ingredients

30Ỏ g minced'1beef

300 g potatoes

1 large onion

1 carrot2-3 chopped tomatoes

300 ml beef stock 1 tablespoon of flour2

butter, salt, and pepper

PeeP the potatoes and boil until justcooked. Then mash4them with butter.Chop5the onion and carrot. Fry6 the meat

and vegetables quickly, then stir' in theflour and cook for one minute. Add thestock, tomatoes, salt and pepper, and letit all cook slowly lor 20 minutes. Then putit in a large dish, cover with the mashedpotato and some butter, and bake in a

hot oven® for 30 minutes.




Công thức để nâu món patêNguyên liệu

300 g thịt bò xay

300 g khoai tây

1 củ hành lớn

1 củ cà rốt

2-3 quả cà chua xắt nhỏ

300 ml nước hầm thịt bò

1 muỗng canh bột, bơ, muối, và tiêu

Gọt củ khoai tây và luộc nó cho cín khi vùầ chín. Sau đó nghiền nhỏ khoai tây với bơ. xắt nhỏ củ hành và cà rốt. Chiên xơ thịt và rau, sau đó khuấy đều vào bột tứ nấu trong vòng một phút.

Thêm vào nước hầm, cà chua, muùi và tiêu, và nấu nhỏ lửa tất cả chúng trong 20 phút Sau đó đặt nó vào một cái đĩa lớn, phủ lên trên một lớp khoai tây nhuyền và một ít bơ, và nướng trong một chiếc lò nống trong vòng 30 phút.

recipe cõng thức a set of instructions for cooking sth.

ingredients nguyên liệu the food items you need to have to make sth toeat.

stock nước hâm water with added flavour of meat, fish, or vegetables, boil sth luộc thứ gì cook sthTin water,

add sth thêm thứ gỉ put sth together with sth else.dish cái đĩa íởn a container for serving food at the table (it ỈS larger than a

pla te).

bake sth nướng thứ gì cook sth in the oven without oil or fat (with oil or fat

usually in a saucepan

fry sth chiên thứ gì cook sth in oil, usually in a

frying pan.

= roast).



DAILY LIFE 109

©Which word is being defined? Từ nào được định nghĩa.

► Use a special machine to cut meat into very small pieces .............

1 Remove the skin.

2 Cut into many pieces .............

3 Put something with another thing .............

4 Press and mix until soft and smooth.............

5 Cook in water .............

6 Cook in oil.............

7 Cook in the oven without oil or fat .............

8 Cook in the oven with oil or fat .............

© Comp lete the words in each sentence - Hoàn thành từ trong mỗi câu.

► Boil the carrots in that

1 I’ve got a good r ................for spaghetti Bolognese, so we just needto buy the i..................

2 A ............... the meat to the vegetables and fry it for about 10 minutes.3 The frying p ................ is fine, but Í need a larger d ................ to

serve the meat on.

4 You have to b............. the cake in the o ............. for about 40 minutes.

5 If you add some f ................. it will make the sauce thicker.

6 Add the s ................ . then s................the rice continuously while itcooks.

Test you rself. Cover the text and say what you can see ® in the pictures. Then look at the food but cover the

cooking instructions. How do you make Cottage Pie? - Che bài text và nó i về những gì mà bạn thấy trong h ình . Sau đó nhìn vào thực phẩm nhưng che hướng dẫn vê nấu nướng . Bằng cách nào đ ể bạn làm Cottage Pie?




18 I can talk about m oney Tôi có thể nóí về chuyệ n tiề n bạ c

A Buying things - Mua đồ ó"}

2

They agree to take €20off, so you buy it and

get a receipt.

Next day, there’s aproblem With It, so youtake it back and ask for

a refund

3

Chú thích hình

1 Một chiếc điện thoại trị giá 120 Euro Bạn không có đủ tiền để mua nó, nhưngnó có một vết xước, do đó bạn yêu cẩu nhân viên bán hàng giảmgiá.

2 Họ đồng ý bớt 20 bảng, vì vậy bạn mua nó và nhận biên lai.

3 Ngày hôm sau. cố vấ n để xả y ra v i nó, do đó bạ n mang nó trả lạ i và đòi trả lạ i tiề n.

4 Họ từ chối, do đó bạn đợi đến lúc giảm giá.

5 Sau đó, nó được giảm giả xuống còn 80 Euro một món hàng rất rẻ.

6 Bạn mua nó vả trả bằng tiền mặt. Bạn đưa cho họ 100 Euro và họ thối lại cho bạn 20 Euro.

Glossaryafford sth có tiền mua được thứ gì If you can afford sth you have enough

money to pay for it.

scratch oết trầy , uết xước a mark on the surface of sth made by a sharpobject (see picture).

discount chiết khấu, giảm giá a cut in the usual price of something.

SYN reduction.

off bớt đi If sth has €20 off, it costs €20 less than usual.

receipt biẽrí lãi a piece of paper that shows that sth has been paid for.

refund tiền trả lạt an amount of money paid back to you when you returnsth to a shop.

A phone costs €120. You can’t afford it, but there’s a scratch1

on it, so you ask the shopassistant for a discount.

They refuse, so you waitfor the sales.

Then, it is reduced to €80 - a bargain.

You buy it and paycash. Vbu give them €100 and they give

you €20 change.



DAILY LIFE 111

the sales b ấ n íĩầ n g g iả m giá a time when shops sell things at a lower price,

reduce g iả m b t th ứ gì sth make sth less in size, quantity, or price, reduction N.

bargain m ón hả ng có giá rẻ sth that is a good price or is cheaper than usual,

change tiề n thố i lạ i ỉf sth costs €2 and you give the assistant €5, you get €3 change.

o Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

► If something costs €10 less than usual, it has €10..^....

1 If you don’t have enough money to buy something, then you can’t ..... ..it.2 If you ask to pay less than the normal price,you are asking for

a ..........3 If the normal price is €60 and the shop sells it for €50, then it has

been .........by €10.4 The time when shops sell goods more cheaply than normal is calledthe.........

5 If you buy something which is a good price for the product, you cansay it’s a ........

6 If you pay with €50 for something that costs €30 you should get €20. ... .

7 When you have paid, the shop assistant should give you a.........

8 If you want your money back on a product,you can ask for a ...........

© Complete the questions in the questionnaire - Hoàn thành câu hỏ i trong bảng câu hỏi. ABOUT YOU

4 Doyou keep the r.p.r.ejLjp.t.when you’ve bought something?!1 When you go shopping, do you always look for a b.......? ..................2 If you saw a product in a shop that had a s ...........on it, would

you ask the shop assistant to take money o ...........? ....................3 Do you always check your c ...........when you pay? ........... .......4 Do you often wait and buy things in the s ...........? If so, what things?

5 Do you often take things back and ask for a r ...........? ....................

© ABOUT YOU Answer the questions in Exercise 2, or ask another student. - Trả lời câu hỏ i trong Exercise 2 , hoặc hỏ i sinh viên khác.




B I’m not very good with money ^Tôi không giỏ i lắ m về việ c quả n tỷ tiề n bạ c

r LOTTERY WINNER

LOSES EVERYTHING!

Maria Costas was an ordinary working mum without much i n c o m e

until she won over €3m on the lottery and became a very w e a lth y

woman. She immediate ly bought a house worth €lm, a car tha t cost a

fortune, and jewellery valued at €250,000. Unfortunately, the housewas a waste of money. She owned it for six months, never lived there, then had to sell it for much less than she paid for it. Maria also wasted h u g e am ou n ts of money on designer clothes and foreign holidays, and within eighteen months she was completely b ro k e. Now she ow e s

the bank over €5,000, and has credit card debts as well.

NGƯ Ờ I THẮ NG x ổ SỐ MẨ T H Ế T MỌ I TIIỨ !

M aria Costas ỉả m ộ t bà mẹ nộ i tr ợ bìn h tỉ iư ờ ng khôn g có n ỉìiề u thu nhậ p cho đế n khi bà ta trúng sổ s ổ đư ợ c hơ n 3 triệ u Euro oà trở thành mộ t ngư ờ i

phụ nừ rấ t g iàu có ngay lậ p tứ c bà ấ y dã mua mộ t căn II ỉ là trị giá 1 triệ u. Euro, ỉ chiế c xe ìiơ i dắ t tiề n và đồ trang sứ c trị giá khoả ng 250 000 Euro. Không may thay, ngói nhà đó sẽ là mộ t sự lãng phí tiề n bạ c. Bù sở hữ u ngôi nhà trong 6 tháng, không b(W giờ số ng ở đó, sau đó bả n nó v i giá tiề n rè ỉlơ n nhiề u so v i giá tiế n mà

bà đã mua. Maria cũ ng lăng phi rấ t nhiề u khoả ng tiề n l n vào việ c thiế t kế quầ n áo và đi du lịch ờ nư c ngoài và trong vòng Ỉ8 tháng bà đã hoàn toàn bị sạ cỉỉ túi. Bây g iờ bà nợ ngân hàng hơ n 5 000 Euro ự ậ thẻ tín dụ ng củ a bà cũ ng bị /nắ c nợ . J

Glossaryincome thu nhậ p the money you earn from work, plus any other money you receive,

wealthy giàu CÓ rich. SYN well off.

worth If a flat is worth €3m , you could sell it for €3m(that is the value).cost a fortune trị giá r ấ í đ ắ t tiề n be very expensive.

value sth at sth định gíá thứ gì là bao nhiêu decide what sth is worth, or whatyou could sell it for.

waste of money sự lảng phí tiền bạc a bad use of money.

own sth .sở h ừ u th ứ g i \f you own sth, it is yours; it belongs to you.

huge rấ t lở n very large. SYN ma ssive.

amount số lượng a quantity of sth; a sum of money. b roke sạ ch, tứ i INF having no money.

owe sb sth nợ aỉ đó thứ gì have to pay money to sb for sththey have done or given,

debt t iề n nợ an amo unt of money that you owe sb.



DAILY LIFE 113

0 ^ Cover the text. Answer the quest ions - Che bài te x t Trả m lời câu hỏi.

► How did Maria become wealthy?

1 How much was her new house worth? ..............................

2 What was her jewellery valued at? ..............................

3 How long did she own her new house? ..............................

4 Why was the house a waste of money? ..............................

5 How much does she owe the bank? ..............................

6 Does she have any other debts? ...............................

© Rewrite the sentences using the words in capitals. Viết ỉại câu bằng cách dùng chữ hoa.

► My boss has a lot of money. WEALTHY

1 It’s a very large house. HUGE..............................................................

2 The house is worth £2,000,000. VALUE ...........................................

3 Rani hasn’t got any money. BROKE .................................................

4 The flat doesn’t belong to me. OWN ..................................................5 Her shoes were very expensive. FORTUNE.....................................

6 Gisela has debts of €5,000. OWE ................... ....................................


► The watch went wrong after two months; it was a tuoẲie.. of money.

1 My uncle won a huge ...........of money, so he’s very ........... off now.2 I haven’t got any money; I’m completely ...........

3 It’s a nice flat, but it isn’t ...........half a million euros.4 It’s an absolutely ...........school: there are about 2,500 students.5 He’s got a day job and an evening job, so he has a good ............

0 Test you rself. Look at the glossary wo rds and cov er the ™ m eanings . What are the meanings ? - Hãy nhìn vào từ ở

glos sary và che nghĩa lại . Nghĩa của từ là gì?




19 I can talk about sleepTôi có thể nói về giác ngủ

A Before, during, and after sleepTrư c khi, trong khi và sau khi ngủ

\T

T- *

BEFORE: You feel s leepy, start yaw n in g’, and decide to go to bed. You might put on pyjamas’ or a nightie’, perhaps set the alarm*, and then get into bed. Soon, if you’re lucky, you fall asleep.

T r ớ c k h i NGỦ : Bự n cả m thấ y buồ n ngủ , bắ t đ ầ u ngáp , và quyế t đ ịnh đ i ngủ . Bạ n có th ể m ặ c đồ p yja m a s hoặ c đồ n gủ , có t h ể đ ặ t chuông đ ồ ng hồ báo th ứ c, và sau đó lê n g iư ờ n g. N ế u nh ư bạ n may m ắ n, th ì c hẳ n g m ấ y chố c b ạ n sẽ ngủ th iế p đL

DURING: When you’re asleep, you haved r e a m s ’ and possibly n i g h t m a r e s . Some

people s n o r e 6; a t th is point they're f a s tas leep.

T r o n g LÚC BẠ N NGỦ : Trong lúc bạ n ngủ , b ạ n n ằ m m ơ và cố k h i là g ặ p ác mộ ng.

M ộ t s ố ngư ờ i lạ i ngáy; vào th ờ i đ iể m này họ ngủ r ấ t sâu.

AFTER: 7.30 a.m. The alarm goes off. It might wake you up, or you m ight be wide awake already. People without an alarm might oversleep, others might decide to have a lie-in.

S a u k h i NGỦ : 7.30 am. Chuôn g bả o thứ c reo lên . Nó có th ể đánh th ứ c bạ n dậ y., hoặ c b ạ n có th ể m ơ m à ng tỉn h dậ y rồ i. N h ữ n g ngư ờ i k hô ng đ ặ t chuông báo th ứ c có th ể quên , mộ t s ố khác lạ i có th ể quyế t đ ịnh ngủ nư n g th êm nữ a.



DAILY LIFE 115

Glossarysleepy b uồ n ng ủ tired and ready to go to sleep,

fall asleep ngủ th iế p đi start sleeping. SYNC go to sleep,

asleep đang ngủ sleeping,nightmare á c m ộ ng a bad dream.

fast asleep ngủ sầ u sleeping deeply. SYNC in a deep sleep. OPP wide awake.

go off rung chuông ring or make a noise.

wake sb up đ án h th ứ c ai d ậ y make sb stop sleeping.

oversleep n gủ q uê n sleep longer than you should or want.

have a lie-in ngủ nướng INF stay in bed later than usual.

o Replace the underl ined word or phrase with wo rds or phrases with the same meaning - Thay thế từ hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưới với từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa.

1felt u tired , so I went to bed quite early last night. u.t£ftỸfNị

went to sleep without a problem and very soon Ịwas 1.........

in a deep sleep. Unfortunately, in the middle of the 2 .........

night, Ỉhad a bad dream which woke me up. After that, 3 .........I was awake for ages and didn’t fall asleep again until 4 .........

about half pas t four, so when the alarm rang just after 5 .........

seven, 1didn’t hear it and I carried on sleeping. When I 6 .........

finally woke up, I felt terrible.

© Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

1 Barry's still in bed and he’s fast uAifesj®. Do you want me to .......... him up?

2 I felt really........... . so 1went to bed.

3 I forgot to...........my alarm last night, and I’m afraid 1........... this morning.4 I don’t have to get up early tomorrow, so I think r 11have a ...........5 It was after midnight but I still felt wide...........6 1felt really tired — Ỉcouldn’t stop...........

7 My husband wears red.......... in bed and.......... so loudly that he keepsme awake.

0 H Test yoursel f . Cover the text above. Say what you can ™ see in the pictures. Che bài text ở trên. Nó i những gì mà

bạn thấy ở trong hình .




B Sleep habits Nhữ ng thói quen trong lúc ngủ

ABOUT YOU

Antonio: ‘I sleep like a log wherever I am.’ Anto nio : *Tôi ngủ rấ t là say mặ c dù tôi ngủ ở bấ t cứ nơ i nào/

Ella: ‘If ĩ eat ỉate, I often have a restless night.’

E lla : 'N ế u tô i ă n mu ộ n , tôi th ư ờ n g bị m ấ t ng ủ cả đ êm . ’

Hiroko: ‘I need a good night’s sleep, otherwise I can’t concentr ate

the next day.’

Iĩir oko: ‘Tôi cầ n ph ả i ngủ ngon suố t cả đêm , nế u không th ì hôm sa u tô i kh ô n g th ể tậ p trun g là m v iệ c đ ư ợ c /

Raul: ‘Lack of sleep makes me really irritable.’

Rauỉ: ‘Thiế u ngủ rấ t dễ là m cho tô i cáu k ỉn h '

Suzanna: ‘I often have nightmares and wake up feeling e x h a u s te d / •

S uz am a : ‘T ôi th ư ờ n g g ặ p ác m ộ n g và kh i thứ c d ậ y th ư ờ n g cả m th ấ y m ệ t m ỏ i/

Carla: ‘I’ve always been a heavy sleeper - nothing disturbs me.’

Carla: ‘Tôi luôn là ngư ờ i ngũ r ấ t say- không có cái gì có thể càn

trở giấ c ngủ củ a tô i /

Nick: ‘I suffer from insomnia, so I never get much sleep.’

N ick: ‘Tôi bị chứ ng m ấ t ngủ , do vậ y không bao giờ tô i ngủ nhiề u đ ư ợ c /

Agnieszka: ‘During the day, I often have a nap/

A g n ieszka: ‘S u ố t cả ngày , tôi th ư ờ n g có n hữ n g giấ c ng ủ ngẩ n

Omar: ‘When there are things o n m y m ind - like exams - 1 sleep really

badly.’Omar: 'Khi tô ỉ đang nghĩ th ứ g ì trong đ ầ u - n h ư là n g hĩ về việ ci I ' *>. . T ^ i A • •

y ------------------ ----------"O ----------V " -------------- o . ^ . J Glossary ' 1

V

habĩt thói quen a thing you do often, almost without thinking.

sleep like a log ngủ rấ t s a y sleep very well. COPP sleep badly.

have a restless nỉght bị mất ngủ be unable to sleep well and often wake up.

concentrate (on sth) tập trung vầo uiệc gì give all your attention to sth.

lack of sth thiếu thứ gì a situation in which you don’t have enough of sth(e.g. money, food, or sleep).



DAILY LIFE 117

irritable dể cáu kỉnh, becoming angry easily.

exhausted rấ t m ệ t m ỏ i , kiệ t s ứ c extremely tired, physically or mentally,

a heavy sleeper mộ t ngư ờ i ngủ rấ t sâu a person who doesn’t wake up easily.COPP a light sleeper.

disturb sb quấy ray ai do sth to stop sb who is trying to sleep, work, etc.

suffer from sth bị m ac phả i bệ nh, gì have the experience of sth unpleasant.

insomnia chứ ng mấ t ngủ If you suffer from insomnia, you are often unable to sleep.

have a nap ngủ trong thờ i g ian ng ẩ n have a short sleep, e.g. for half an hour.

on my mind nghĩ trong đầ u ỉf sth is on your mind, you’re thinking or worrying about it.

0 Find six more phrases in the box. Hãy tìm thêm sáu cụm từ trong khung.

concentrate s have like a log insomnia have a restless sleep a nap aheavy on something s on night suffer from sleeper my mind

©Complete the sentences with suitable words or phrases - Hoàn thành câu với từ hoặc cụm từ phù hợp-

► 1get very I don’t sleep well.

1 These days I often have a ..... after lunch; it’s almost be co me a....

2 After a relaxing bath and a hot drink, 1always sleep ................

3 I never sleep more than three hours a night - I....... insomnia.4 Ỉhad too much to eat and drink last night, and 1had a very ......

night.

5 1didn’t sleep well last night because I’ve got a lot of things on my ......

6 Nothing me at night — I’m a very ..........sleeper.

7 1was absolutelylast night and 1slept for ten hours ...........

8 I’m afraid I'm a bit irritable at the moment. I’m suffering from a

....................of sleep.

©ABOUT YOU Read the statements at the top of the page again. Are they true for you? Write your answers or ask another student. Đọc các câu ở đầu trang lần nữa. Đối với bạn có đúng không? Hãy

. viết câu trả lời hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.




20 I can talk about injuries __ o \ _ TP A• y* I I V y# _______ A ______ *A I # # 1 _________• • ____ _______ Tôi có the nói vê việ c bị thư ơ ng

A Burns and cuts Bị bỏ ng và bị đứ t tay

H o l d t h e a f f e c t e d a r e a u n d e rrun ning w ater ’ for l5 minutes .C o v e r i t w i t h a dry, c l e a n

dressing’ to prevent infection.I f s y m p t o m s o f i n f e c t i o ndevelop, see your doctor.

Đ ặ t vùng da bị bỏ ng ở dư i vòi nư c máy trong vòng 15 phú t. Che vế t bỏ ng b ằ n g m ộ t m iế n g băng gạ c k hô , sạ ch sẽ đ ể tr á n h k hỏ i bị n h iễ m tr ù n g . N ế u tr iệ u ch ứ ng n h iễ m tr ù n g p h á t t riể n , h ãy g ặ p

bác sĩ.

Wash and dry your hands thoroughly. Clean the wound under running water .Dry the area and put a dressing over ittemporari ly while you clean the skin a r o u n d t h e w o u n d . C o v e r t h e c u tcompletely with a dressing, or b a n d a g e ’ it. It should heal up in a few days.

H ãy rử a và lau tay cẩ n thậ n. Làm sạ ch v ế t th ư ơ n g ở dư i vòi nư c máy. L au k hô vế t thư ơ ng, và tạ m th ờ i d ặ t lẽ n trên vế t th ư ơ n g m ộ t m iế n g bă ng tro ng kh i bạ n đang lau vùng da xung quanh v ế t thư ơ ng. C he v ế t th ư ơ ng lạ i hoàn toàn b ằ ng m ộ t m iế ng băng , hoặ c băng bó vế t th ư ơ n g lạ i. V ế t th ư ơ n g có t h ể l à n h trở l ạ i trong mộ t và i ngày .



DAILY LIFE 119

cover sth che, bao phủ cái gì put sth over sth, especially to pro tec t it.

prevent s th phòng ngư a bệ nh gi stop sth from happening, prevention N.

infection s ự n hiễ m trùng an illness caused by bacteria or a virus,symptom triệ u c hứ n g a change in your body which is a sign of illness,

develop phá t tr iể n grow or increase.

thoroughly m ộ t cách k ỹ lư ờ ng in a very careful and complete way.

wound v ế t thư ơ ng an area of damage to part of your body (especially a cut),

temporarily m ộ t c ác h tạ m thờ i for a short time only,

heal OR heat up ỉàrìh lạ i become healthy again.


© Complete the texts - Hoàn thành bài text.

1was cooking last weekend and picked up a hot pan and ► myself. It was really painful.

I held the (1) b .........under (2) r ........water for fifteen minutes, then I(3) c ....... it with a dressing. I made sure it was clean because youhave to (4) p ......... infection. Since then, it’s got a lot better and 1haven’t had any (5) s ....... of infection.

I cut my hand yes terday. 1cleaned the (6) w....... under running water,then covered it (7) t ....... with a (8) d ........, and washed the skin aroundit. I couldn’t find a (9)b....... , so 1went to the chemist’s for one. I

probably didn’t clean the wound (10) t ........ eno ugh , as it h as n ’t(11) h ..... ..very well, and 1think I’ve got an (12) i........

Test yourself. Look at the glossary wo rds and cover the

m eaning s. Can you rememb er the meanings ? Nhìn vào từ Ở glossary và che nghĩa của chúng lạì. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của chúng kh ông?

► pr v£.nt

1 inf ...... .......... ...ion

2 b ...n d ...g e

ỉon

3 t h...r ....... g h Ị... 6 s...m p t.. . m

4 w....... n d 7 t ........ por. ..r...ly

5 b 1....... d 8 cL.v... L .p




B A nasty injury Mộ t vụ chấ n thư ơ ng nghiêm trọ ng

The other day I slipped* and fell I started to feel d iz zy ’ and thenl

ba ck w ard s and b an ged m yelbow’ fain ted ’. I was u nc on sc iou s for aon the ground minute or so.

Mộ t ngày nọ tôi bị trư ợ t và ngã về Tôi bắ t đầ u cả m th ấ y xay xẩ m cỉ ióng phía sau và đậ p khủ y tay củ a tôi iên mặ t và sau đó tôi ngấ t đi! Tôi bị bấ t mặ t đ ấ t. tỉnh trong khoả ng mộ t phút.

.ỵỳ 'h Ã ': •• -V- ■ £ i &Aj ĩiỳ& V&ã&teỉ&Ì

^ vỉị f : ị ■s;J:M ịii’.-ii 'Àv.i-ív tô'

■' ^ i'r, '-:* , í - ’.V- y* V -' V

I

When I came round, my arm was very ■' painful. It was quite sw o lle n and b ru ised ’,

^ut wasn,t b leed in g . I realized it was a

serious injury, so I went to hospital.

Khi tôi tỉnh dậy, cánh tay của tôi rất là đau nhức. Nó hơi bị xưng lên và bị th âmtím, nhưn g nó không chảy máu. Tôi nhậnra Ĩ1Óbị ch ấn thươ ng ng hiê m trọng, do đótôi đã đi đến bệnh viện.

Glossarynasty nghiêm tr ọ ng very bad or unpleasant.

injury s ự bị thư ơ ng an area of damage done to sb’s body,especially in anaccid en t, injure V.



DAILY LIFE 121

backw ard(s)hư ớ ng về phi a sau in the direction behind you. COPP forward(s).

bang sth đập vào thứ gì h i t a part of your b ody against s th when you are mo ving ,

dizzy c hó ng m ậ t feeling as if everyth ing is turning aro und and you might fall,

unconscious bấ t tỉnh in a state like sleep, often caused by an injury. OPP conscious,

come round tỉnh d ậ y become conscious again.COPPS faint, p a ss out.swollen xư ng, tấ y larger than usual because of an injury,

bleed ch ả y m ấ u lose blood from your body.

o True or false? Write T or F - Đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► If you come round, you are conscious .............1 If you bang your head, it always bleeds ............2 If you faint, you become unconscious ...........

3 If you lose blood, you always faint ............4 A bruised knee looks blue ............5 A nasty burn is a serious burn ...........6 If you slip, you can easily fall............7 Your elbow is at the end of your arm ...........8 A swollen finger is bigger than usual ............9 Feeling dizzy is very painful...........10 Backwards is the opposite of forwards............

© A word is missing. Where from?Write it at the end - Có một từ bị thiếu. Ở chỗ nào? Hãy viết vào cuối câu.

► The ball hit him next to his eye; his eye was quite/the next day.........

1 I on the ice and fell over.......................2 I know he slipped, but did he fall or forwards?.......................3 He fainted, and when he came he didn’t know where he was.........4 Nobody was killed, but three people were in the accident ............5 She her head on the door and fell to the floor .............6 My finger was so I put a dressing on it................

©ABOUT YOU Which of the fol lowing have you done or experienced? Tick them - Điều nào sau day mà bạn đã làm hoặc trải ngh iệm? Hãy đánh dấu kiểm.

1 had a swollen eye. 4 slipped and fallen into a river.2 fainted in a public place. 5 had a nasty burn on your arm.3 had a serious injury. 6 lost quite a lot of blood in an accident.




21 I can talk about Ccirs and driving Tôi có thể nóỉ về xe hơ i và vĩêc láỉ xe ________________ _ _________________________________________ 4 _______________

A The car - Xe hơ i1 bo nn et

2 w indscree n wip

3 windscreen

4 boot

5 wheel

6 tyre

7 door h and le

8 wing mirror

9 number plate

10 headlights

11 engine

12 steering wheel

13 speedometer

14 ignition

15 rear-view miri

16 gear stick/Ieve

17 accelerator

18 brake

19 clutch

20 horn

o Combine words from the box to form six more compound words - Kết hợp từ được cho trong khung để thành lập thêm sáu từ ghép.

rear-view ^steering door sswindscreen lever mirror number

wing gear wheel mirror ^ wiper handle plate

^ he.eih.-oie.tAj taftiAAOA.



DAILY LIFE 123

0 Outside the car or inside the car? Write 0 or I. - Những bộ phận nàyinằm ở bên ngoài xe hơi hay bên trong xe hơi? Hãy viết o hoặc I.

► clutch .1...1 t y re ..........

2 speedometer ........

3 steering wheel....... .

4 headlight.........

5 brake ........

6 rear-view mirror ........

7 wheel........

8 horn.........

9 windscreen wiper ........


If you want to

► start the car, turn on t h e ....................1 stop, put your foot on t h e .......................

2 change gear, put your foot on the.......................

3 go faster, put your foot on the.......................

4 store luggage, open the.......................

5 look at the engine, open the.......................

6 see at night, turn on the.......................

7 turn a corner, look in your.......................

8 drive in the rain, turn on t h e .......................

9 warn someone, press your.......................

^ Test yoursel f . Cover the words and look at the pictures.

w ™ How many things can you name?- Hãy che từ và nhìn

vào bức hình . Bạn có t hể nêu tên bao nhiêu đổ vật?




B Driving tips Nhữ ng lờ i khuyên dành cho việ c lái xe

' t i p s f o r s a f e r d r i v i n g N h ữ n g l ờ i k h u y ê n d ể l á i x e a n t o à n h ơ n

• Always be p re p are d for bad road conditions and bad drivers.

L uôn luôn chuẩ n bị tinh th ầ n sẵ n đ ể đổ i phó v i nh ữ ng điề u kiệ n k hô n g tố t ư ề đ ư ờ n g xả và nh ữ n g ngư ờ i ỉ ái xe ẩ u.

• On wet roads, br ak e, ste er , and acc el er a te gently to avoid sk idd ing .

Khi lá i xe tr ên nh ữ ng con đ ư ờ ng ẩ m ư t, hãy dùng th ắ ng lèo lá i và tă n g tố c c hầ m c hậ m đ ể trá n h bị trư ợ t.

• W atch o u t for motorcyclists and cyclists; give them plenty of space when overtaking.

H ãy cẩ n th ậ n theo dõi nh ữ ng ngư ờ i lá i xe mô tô và nh ữ ng ngư ờ i đi xe đạ p; kh i vư ợ tv lên trư c họ hãy như ờ ng cho họ m ộ t khoả ng đư ờ ng rộ ng .

• In car parks, rev er se into a parking space ra th er tha n drive into it.

ơ các bã i đ ỗ xe h ơ i, hãy cho xe chạ y lù i vào nơ i đ ậ u xe ch ứ đ ừ ng lá i

xe vào trong đó.• K eep to the sp eed lim it and don’t drive too clo se to the vehicle in front.

H ãy lá i xe trong gi i h ạ n tố c độ cho p hép và đ ừ ng lá i xe quá gầ n v i n h ữ n g xe cộ ở p h ía trư c.

Glossary

tip lời khuyên

be prepared for sthchuẩn bị sẵn sàng cho việc

brake thắng xe

steer lách qua xe khác

accelerate tăng tốc

skid trượtwatch out cẩn thận xem

overtake sb /sth

vượt lên ỉriỉởc ai/ vật gì

a piece of practical advice.

be ready and able to deal with any problems.gi prepare V.

go more slowly or stop a vehicle by usingthe brakes.

control the direction a vehicle is moving in.

go faster. COPP slow down,

suddenly move sideways without control.chừng be careful because there is a possible danger,

go past sb/sth that is going more slowly.



DAILY LIFE 125

reverse ỉái xe chạy lùi

rather than thay vỉ

go backwards in a car.

instead of; in place of.

speed limit giới hạn tốc ƠỘ the highest legal speed at which you can

drive on a road,close to sth gần với thứ gì near sth.

Keep often means 'continue or stay in a particular place or condition'

Keep to the speed limit (Stay below the speed limit.)

Keep left. (Stay on the left.)

Kepp thường có nghĩa ‘tiếp tục hoặc duy trì ỉrong một nơi hoặc điều kiện cụ thể'.

Hãy lái xe trong tcc độ giới-hạn cho phép.

Hãy ở bên trái.

A «1 Cover the glossary, then complete the meanings - Hãy ™ che glossary, sau đó hoàn thành nghĩa của chúng .

► brake = .Aizp..... a vehicle1overtake - go ............. another car

2 accelerate = g o .............

3 reverse = qo .............

4 tip = a piece o f .............

5 steer = control the.. ..........of the vehicle

6 r a t h e r t h a n ~ ............... of


► You shouldn’t.*ĩy.® ?. ®...on a bridge.

1 The weather was awful and I wasn’t really ...............for it.

2 1never go over the sp ee d .............. . or drive too...............to the cars

Keep

in front.

3 He crashed into the tree after he ............on the wet road.4 There’s a school on the corner, so ............out for small children.

5 Do you always ............to the speed limit?

6 1parked in the street ............ than the car park because it’s free.




©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 Are these useful tips, or did you know them a l r e a d y ? ........................

2 Do you usually brake and accelerate gently?.....................................

3 Do you usually reverse into parking spaces in a car park? Why/.Why n o t? ......................................................................................................

4 Are there times when you don’t keep to the speed limit? ...............

5 Do you know what to do if your car skids?........................................

6 What do you do to prepare for bad winter weather? ........................

Q ^ Test yoursel f . Look at the g lossary words and cover the

w m eanings. What are the meanings? - Hãy nhìn vào từ ở gl os sary và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của chú ng là gì?



DAILY LIFE 127

2 2 1can describe travel problems and accidents - Tôi có thể mô tả nhữ ng

khó khăn trong việ c đi lạ i và taì nạ n giao thông________________

A Trains and planesTàu lử a và máy bay

‘We had trouble getting to theairport because we got h e l dup in traffic:

Chúng tô i đã g ặ p ph ả i rắ c rố i khi đi đế n sân bay bở i vì chúng tôi đã b ị k ẹ t x e /

wanted to leave at 8.30, but my da>\ return was only valid after 9.30:

' Tôi muố n ra đi vào lúc 8gỉờ 30, như ng vé đi về trong ngày củ a tô i ch ỉ có th ể đư ợ c dùng sau 9 g i ờ /

‘I was late because they cancel led

my train without warning;‘ Tôi đã bị muộ n b ở i vì h ọ hoãn chuyể n

tầ u c ủ a tôi mà không h ề báo t rư c /

Vly brother was meant to pick mê' up at the airport, but he didn’t turn up:

‘Anh trai củ a tôi đã đư ợ c yêu cầ u đ ế n đón tôi tạ i sân bay nh ư ng anh ấ y đã

^kh ôn g đ ế n / ________________________ J

trouble điều rẩc rối (doing sth/with sth) a situation that causes a problem.

get/be held up bị muộn If you get held up or are held up, sth has caused

you to be late. SYNC be delayed.day return ué đỉ uề trong ngày a ticket to travel to a place and back again on

the same day.

valid có thể được dùng acceptable and able to be used.

due được dự tính sẽ đến nơi hoặc sẽ xảy ra expected to arrive or happen.

The train was due at 9.42 but it

didn’t get in until 10.25:‘Chuyế n tàu này đã đư ợ c d ự t ính sẽ đ ế n nơ i vào lứ c 9gỉờ 42 n hư n g cho đ ế n lOgiờ 25 nó v ẫ n chư a đ ế n

‘The f l ight f rom Heathrow wasde l a ye d , s o I m i s s e d m yconnecting fl ight to Palermo.

‘Chuyế n bay đi t ừ Hearthrow đã bị hoãn lạ i , vì vậ y tôi đã bỏ lỡ chuyế n bay s m nhấ t đ ế n Palermo/

Glossary




get in đến nơi (usually of <1 train or coach seefr§|j|jgggj(

p icture) arrive.

cancel sth h o àn ư ỉệ c gì decide t h a t sth t h a t has been planned will not happen.

warning cảnh, báo informatior t h a t sth bad may happen.

connecting flight c hu yế n b aỵ s m nh ấ t a flight that leaves soon after another one arrives.

meant to do sth được yêu cầu làm Ưỉệc gỉ If sb is or was meant to do sth, theyhave been asked to do it.

p ick sb /s th up đi đón a i/ t .hứ'gì qo to a place and collect sb/sth (usually in a car).

turn up đ ế n nơ ỉ, x u ấ t hiệ n arrive or appear (often used*in the negative).

o Good news or bad news? Write G or B. - Tin tốt hay tin xấu ? Hãy viết G hoặc B

► I got my connecting fljght.G.. 4 This ticket iS still valid....

1 The train was cancelled ..... 5 I couldn’t get a day return....

2 The train’s due in a minute ...... 6 They didn’t get held up .........

3 They didn’t turn up ....... 7 We were de layed .........


► My husband was meant to meet me, but he didn’t .....up.

1 Th ey ’ve just said the train is...............in five minutes, so that's good.

2 The plane to Madrid was late, so 1missed my .............. flight to Malaga.

3 We had a lot of at the border: we were...............for two hours.

4 Passenge rs arrived late because the train co mpany ...............two

trains this morning.5 1was............. to meet them at the station, but Ỉgot........... ..up in the traffic.

6 What time does your train......................................................................in?

7 He’s gone to the airport to ............. them up.

8 There was n o ............... that trains might be cancelled.

© ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY Write your answers or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 Do most trains get in on time, or are they often delayed? If delayed, why?(

2 When did you last miss a train or plane? Why, and what happened?



DAILY LIFE 129

B On the roads - Trên đư ờ ng đi ^r Hi Sammy

We’ve just got back from a little trip to Spain. We stayed o vern ig h t in Malaga, then hired a car and drove up to Seville, stopping off at Osuna on the way. We loved Seville — you really must go there. We also went down to Cadiz, via

Jerez, but the journey was a nightmare! We got stuck in a traffic jam for hours, and when we finally ended up on the outskirts of Cadiz, there was more heavy traffic because of the rash hour. Still, it was nice when we got there. We went to ...

Chào Sammy

Chủ ìig tôi vừ a m i trở về sau mộ t ch lyế n đi ngấ n đế n Tây Bari Nha. Chúng tôi đã ngủ mộ t đêm ở Malaga, rồ i sau ỏ ó thuê mộ t chiế c xe hơ i rổ i lái đế ữ Seville, trên đư ờ ng di có ghé lạ i Osuna. Cĩiúng tôi rấ t thích Seville bạ n tìi ậ t s ự rấ t nên đế n đó. Chúng tôi căng lái xe xuố ng Cadiz, bằ ng cách đi qua Jerez , như ng chuyể n đi đó quả là mộ t cơ n ác mộ n.ĩ- Chúng tôi đã bị kẹ t lạ i trong dòng xe vì

kẹ t xe hàng tiế ng đồ ng hồ , rồ i cuố i vùng khỉ chúng tôi nhậ n ra là đang ở vùng ngoạ i ô Cadiz, thì lúc dó xe cộ lạ i đông đúc hơ n bở i vỉ đế n giờ cao điể m. Tuy vậ y chuyể n đi củ ng rấ t thủ vị khỉ chúng tô ỉ đế n đó. Chủ ng tôi iă di...

The way is the route or direction that you need to take to get somewhere.:

Is this the way to the bank? I went the wrong way and got lost. We stopped on the way to Scotland. I saw him on my way to school.

Quãng đường là Jộ trình hoặc phương hướng tpà bạn đi đến được nơi nào đó. Đầy có phải là đường đi đến ngân hàng không? Tôi đả ổi sai đường và bị lạc. Trên đường đi đến

Scotland chúng tội đã dừng lại. Trên đường đì đến trường tôi đã nhìn thấy anh ấy.

trip chuyến đĩa journey to a place and back again, for business or pleasure,often for a short period of time (e.g. a day trip, a business trip).

overnight qua ơêm for one night.hire a car thuê xe hơi pay to use a ,car for a short time. SYNC rent a car.

stop off ghé iạì trên đường đi St op during a journey to do sth.

via xuyên qua going through a place (to get to another place).

nightmare cơn ác mộng INF an experience that is very unpleasant.

get/be stuck bị mắc kẹt be unable to move easily.

traffic jam sự kẹt xe a long line of cars moving very slowly.end up nhận ra mình đang ở đấu find yourself in a place or situation you

didn't plan.

the outsk irts vùng ngoại ô (PL.N) The outer part of a town or city is calledthe outskirts.

way




heavy traffic xe cộ đông đúc a lot of cars on the road at a particular time.

the rush hour giờ cao điểm the time when a lot of people are travelling toand from work.

Match words on the left with words on the right to make eight more words or phrases. Hãy kết hợp từ ở bên trái với từ ở bên phải đ ể thành lập thêm tám từ hoặc cụm từ.

heavy s rush hire traffic off way traffic s stuck up

the wrong stop get end on a car hour the way jam

►

© Complete the definitions - Hoàn thành định nghĩa.

► The outer part of a town or city is the

1 A journey to a place and then back again is a .......................

2 A long line of cars moving slowly is a ...................

3 If you stay somewhere for one night, you stay.......................

4 To pay to use a car for a short time is to....................it.

5 A very unpleasant experience is a .................. It also means ‘a bad dream’.

6 If you go through Birmingham to get to London, you g o ..... ..............Birmingham.

© Complete the quest ions - Hoàn thành câu hỏi.

1 Have you or your family ever ........... a car? If so, when and why? ..............

2 On long journeys, do you want to get from A to B as quickly as possible,

or do you like to............off somewhere on the ..............

3 Do you often get.....................................in.............traffic? ..............

4 Do you ever go on day............? If so, where to? ..........

© ABOUT YOU Write your answers to Exercise 6, or ask another student. Hãy viết câu trả lời ở Exercise 6, ho ặc hỏi s inh viên khác.



DAILY LIFE 131

c A road accident Mộ t tai nạ n giao thông trên đư ờ ng

serious accident tai n ạ n nghiêm trọ ng a bad or dangerous accident,

occur xảy ra PML happen, especially in a way that has not been planned,

van xe tả i

skid trượt suddenly move forwards or sideways without any control.

collide with sth đâm mạ nh oào cái g ì hit sth very hard while moving. SYNCcrash into sth.

vehicle xe cộ PML e.g. a car, bike, bus, or lorry, block a road, etc. làm tẩt đường make it difficult for anything to pass,lane làn xe a part of a wide road marked by painted white lines,emergency services các dịch vạ khẩn cấp the police, ambulance, and fire services,avoid sb/sth tránh, xa a i/ cái gì stay away from sb/sth.

ambulance xe cứu thương

break down không thể tiếp tục chạy (of a vehicle) stop working,

injured bị thương hurt physically.




© O n e letter is missing. Write the words correctly - Còn thiếu

một mẫu tự. Hãy v iết từ đúng

► injurd&vJKA®...... 3 serius ................. 6 blo c .............

1 ambiance,..;........... 4 emegency.......... 7 avid.............

2 veicle................. 5 o c u r ................. 8 colide.............

© Replace the underlined word or phrase with a word or phrase that has the same meaning - Thay thế từ hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa.

► Was it a bad accident? fwkwi...1 Fortunately the driver wasn’t hur t............

2 There are too many cars, vans, and lorries on the road ................

3 The van crashed into another car................

4 The car went sideways out of control on the icy road................

5 The police and an ambulance arrived within minutes ................

6 The accident happened late last night................

© Complete the sentences- Hoàn thành câu.

► The car was hit by a big UQK..........

1 We couldn’t get by because there was a fallen t r e e ............. the road

2 I think the driver must have ................on the ice.

3 There was a................accident last week when a woman was nearly

killed.4 You should move into the outside................to overtake another car.

I5 The ca r ................ on the way to the airport and Ỉhad to ring for help.

6 Several people were ................. and they were taken to hospital.

( Ị ế ^ Ế Tes t you rself. Cover the glossary wo rds and look at the “ mean ings . Say the words . Hãy chẹ từỞglo ss ary và nhìn

vào ngh ĩa của ch ún g . Nói ra các t ừ .



DAILY LIF E 133

231 can talk about clothes and fashion Tôi có thể nói về quầ n áo và thòĩ ừ anq

A Clothes - Quầ n áo

11

16 ị \

14

A my

1 cap2 cotton blouse/shỉrt3 belt4 waistcoat5 denim skirt6 h igh-h eeled leath er boots7 earrings8 bra celet

12

Beth

9 silk dress10 short sleeves

11 collar 13 tights13 necklace14 ring .

iỉìivin

15 V-neck sweater16 'button

17 suede shoes18 pocket

spotlight jew eller an d m ater ial

Necklace, bracelet, ring, and earrings are all examples of jewellery.

Cotton and silk are types o f material SYNC fabric.

Leather and suede are materials made from animal skin.

Dây chuyền, vòng đeo tay, nhẫn và đôi hoa tai tẩỉ cả đều là những VI dụ đại diện vể đồ trang sức.

Vải cotton và vải lụa là các loại vải.

Da thuộc và dà đanh là những chất liệu được làm từ da động vật.




.JCjCTJil

U nd erw ear: 1 bra 2 kn ick ers 3 slip

©Complete the words - Hoàn thành từ.

4 un der pa nts 5 ve st

► kn.....ck .... rs

1 ...n d.,.r ........w

2 ........1

3 s 1....... V...4 t i........ t s

5 s ........de

6 n...c k I....... e

7 b I....... s e

8 e a ........ i n ...s9 V........ t

10 b... t t...n

© Cover the words and look at the pictures. Are these statements true or false? Write T or F - Hãy che từ và nhìn vào bức hình. Các èâu này đúng hay là sai? Viết T hoặc F.

► Amy’s wearing a necklace......

1Amy’s wearing a belt....... 6 Amy’s blouse has got short sleeves.

2 Gavin’s wearing a ring....... 7 Beth’s dress has got two pockets..,.

3 Beth’s wearing tights....... 8 Beth’s wearing high-heeled shoes...

4 Beth’s dress has got two buttons on it... 9 Amy’S'wearing earrings....................

5 Gavin’s wearing.denim jeans ....... 10 Amy’s wearing a denim skirt.......

© Complete the table with words from the box - Hoàn thành bảng với các từ được cho trong khung.

cotton skirt waistcoat vest bracelet leather cap

und erpant s*^ ring necklace slip bra blouse

suede earrings silk

Underwear ► Lovierpan-EsJewellery

Material(s)

Clothes



DAILY LIFE 135

©Complete the questions with words from the box - Hoàn thành câu hỏ i với các từ được cho t rong khung.

belts leather s cap denim ring neck sleeves silk bracelet material

ABOUT YOU► Do you ever wear a ? If so, when and why? ......................

1 Do you wear a ..............? If so, on which finger(s)? ......................

2 Do you wear a ............... ? If so, on which wrist? ......................

3 How many leather ..............have you got? ......................

4 How many pairs of .............. jeans have you got? ......................

5 What have you got that is made of ..............or .............. ? ......................

6 Have you got any V-..............sweaters? If so, what colour? .......................

7 In summer, do you wear short..............a lot? ......................

8 Do you have a favourite..............? ]f so, what? ......................

0 ABOUT YOU Write your answers tò Exercise 4, or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời ở Exercise 4, hoặc hỏ i sinh viên khác.

Test yourself. Look at the pictures and cover the words . ™ Can you name the i tems? Hãy nhìn vào bức hình và che

từ lại. Bạn có th ể nêu tên của các m ục từ.

B Fashion - Thờ i trangGlossary

Stylish h ợ p th ờ i trang attractive and fashionable, style N.

suit phù hợp if something suits you, it looksgood on you.

figure uóc dang the shape of the body, especially that of a woman.

fashionable h ợ p thờ i trang popular at the present time. EPP unfashionable.

neutral trung tính (of a colour) not strong or bright, neutral N.

elegant thanh, lịch, attractive and well designed .

versatile đa nẫ ng having many different uses.match phù hợp look good with something else, matching ADJ.

outfit bộ trang phục a set of clothes that you wear together.

transform sth thay đổi hoàn toàn thứ gì theo hướng tích cực change sthcompletely, usually in a positive way.




lates t gầ n đâ y nhấ t new or very recent.

ac ce ss o ry sth you wear or carry that goes with your clothes, ph ụ kiệ n k è m theo e.g. a bag.

i f t \

Three golden rules fo r fash ion

Ba QU íắ c Dàngdành cho thờ i trarig

Cashion expert Alyson Walsh says that every stylise woman should have a ‘capsule wardrobe’ - a timeless collection of clothes for every occasion. This includes: a little black dress, the perfect jeans, leather handbag, a fine wool

jumper, white shirt, knee-length skirt, etc. Being stylish is about what su its you and your figure.? Here are three golden rules:

Cỉiuyên gia về thờ i tmìịg Alỵ son Walsh nói rằ ng tấ t cả mọ i ngư ờ i phụ nữ hợ p thờ i

trang nên có mộ t ‘tủ qụ ầ n áo đa dạ ng’ - mộ t bộ sư u tậ p thờ i trang không bị ả nh hư ở ng bở i thờ i gian dành cho tấ t cả mọ i dịp. Nó bao gồ m: mộ t chiế c áo đầ m màu hơ i đen, mộ t quầ n jeans hoàn hả o, mộ t túi xách tay bang da thuộ c, mộ t chiế c ả o khoác đẹ p bầ ng len, mộ t chiế c áo sơ mi màu trắ ng, mộ t chiế c váy dài ngang gố i, V . Tính hợ p thờ i trang là nố i về nhữ ng trang phụ c pìíủ hợ p v i bạ n và ư óc dáng củ a bạ n. Sau đây là ba quy tắ c vàng:

• Spend as much as possible on the basics (your capsule wardrobe) and don’t worry too much about fash io n ab le clothes - you probably won’t wear them after one season.

Bỏ càng nhiề u càng tố t đ ể mua nhữ ng quẩ n áo cơ bả n (tủ quầ n áo

cơ bả n ) ư à đ ừ ng lo lắ ng quá nh iề u về nhữ ng k iể u trang ph ụ c hợ p thờ i trang- có thể bạ n sẽ không còn mặ c chúng sau mỗ i mùa .

• Choose n eu tr a l colours: black, cream, white, and dark blue. Neutrals look elegant, and are versatile and easy to match. Just think of Armani fashions, year after year.

Hãy chọ n ra nhữ ng màu sắ c trung tính: màu đen, màu kem, màu t rắ ng, ư à màu xanh đậ m. Nhữ ng màu sắ c trung tính trông rấ t thanh lịch, và củ ng rấ t đa năng và rấ t d ề d ể k ế t hợ p phù hợ p v i nhữ ng trang phụ c khác. Từ năm này sang năm khác chí nên nghĩ đế n nhữ ng trang phụ c thờ i trang củ a Amani.

• A simple ou tfit can be trans for m ed with the la te st fashion acc es so ry , e.g. a belt.

Mộ t bộ trang phụ c đơ n giả n có th ể đư ợ c thay đổ i hợ p th ờ i trang hơ n bằ ng nh ữ ng phụ k iệ n thờ i trang m i nh ấ t , chẳ ng hạ n như mộ t chiế c th ắ t lư ng.



DAILY LIF E 137

© Circle the correct answer - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► It’s a Cersatilẹỵ fashionable jacket — I can wear it on different occasions.

1 You should buy that blouse; it su its /m atc he s your skirt.2 She wore a very unfashionable/stylish jacket — it looked awful.

3 I need to get a new figure/outtit for my brother’s wedding.

4 This coat is the lates t/neu tral fashion, but I do n’t particularly likethe style/figure.

5 I think that dress really matches/suits you.

6 My mother’s got a versatile/very good figure.

7 You can make a simple dress look great with the right outfits/accessories.

8 1always wear neutral/bright colours, but they can be a bit boring.i


► She can wear tight jeans beca'use she has such a good ..........

1 1bought some pink shoes and a ..........handbag; they look greattogether.

2 Pd love to be like Mary; she looks so .......... whatever she wears.

3 1want a pair of those trousers; they’re the ........... fashion.

4 She never wears r ed — i t doesn ’ t ...........her.

5 Black is very .......... because you can wear it with almost anything.

6 She ’s got a new hairstyle and it complete ly..........the way she looks.

7 Expensive..........such as bags and belts can have a big effect onhow you look.

8 I really like her new ..........because it all works well together.

^ ^ Test yoursel f. Cover the g lossary meanings and look at

® ™ the words . What are the m ean ings ? H ã y che nghĩa

glossary và nhìn vào từ. Nghĩa của từ là gì?




Review: Daily life Ôn tậ p: Đờ i số ng hàng ngàyUnit 16

1 Com plete the table with the words from the box- Hoàn thành bảng với các từ được cho ở trong khung.

fig beetroot basil s cod veal sweetcorn rabbit oysters

pomegranate salm on clams parsley broccoli raspberry carp

thyme mussels mint sea bass liver crab kidney leeks apricot

Herbs Fruit Vegetables Fish Seafood Meat

► basil ;

Unit 17

1 Com plete the defin itions - Hoàn thành định nghĩa.

4 boil = cook in ......

1 junk food = food which is ................good for you2 cut down on food = eat................food

3 healthy food = food which is................for you

4 a waste of money = a................use of your money

5 put on weight = become ............... something

6 fry = cook in................

7 bake = cook in the oven ............... oil or fat

8 chop =................ into small pieces

9 fattening = making you put on................

10 recipe = a set of instructions for................something



DAILY LIFE 139

Unit 18

1 Complete the crossword, using the clues at the top of the next page. The letters in the grey squares spell out ano ther

phrase related to money. What is it? - Hoàn thành ô chữ, bằng việc dùng đầu mối ở đẩu trang k ể tiếp. Các mâu tự ở ô vuông màu xám ghép thành một cụm từ khác có liên quan đến tiên bạc. Cụm từ đó là gì?

1 ■ tar*** ft*

C \ J

3 - iv'uứ-

4V/11-*t

c n » b

6 ■Hn )

7 (I 0

0

B,

10

11 &méìY-

12

1 a piece of paper that shows that something has been paid for

2 informal phrase meaning ‘wealthy’ (two words)

3 a time when shops sell things at a lower price (two words)

4 a bad use of something, e.g. money or time

5 If something cos ts €15, you give the shop assis tant €20 and youget €5........................................................

6 haven’t got enough money to do something (two words)

7 informal word for having no money

8 a very good price for something you are buying




9 the amount of money that you owe someone10 a lower price than before

11 the total sum of money

12 massive

The letters in the grey squares make the phrase ...................................

Unit 19

1 Com plete the text with sui table words - Hoàn thành bài text với từ ph ù hợp.

Insomnia: how to get a good night's sleepMany people suffer from insomnia. They may not be able to (1).............asleep.Others may wake up during the night and not (2)............. back to sleepagain; or they may wake up too early in the morning.

Is it a serious problem?

No, not really, but if you suffer from a (3) ............. of sleep, it can make you feeltired, depressed, and (4)............. It can also make it hard to (5) ...............on your work during the day.

How much sleep do I need?

Adults need 7-8 hours a night. If you feei (6) .............. during the day, youaren’t getting enough sleep at night.However, sleep (7)............. may changewith age. For example, older people may sleep less at night but havea(8).............. during the day.

What is a sleep diary?

A sleep diary c an help you und ersta nd your sleeping patter ns. You have to

keep a record of when you go to sleep and wake up, how often you have arestless (9)............. , etc. And if you sleep badly, you can write down whether you have things on your (10)............., for example, family pro blems;o r worriesat work.

Unit 20

1 Read the defini tions and complete the words - Hãy đọc định

nghĩa và hoàn thành từ.4 ban.Ạp&p......thin white cloth you tie around a cut or wound

1 b l ..............lose blood from the body

2 di ............ feeling as if everything is turning round and you might fall

3 pre..............stop something from happening



DAILY LIF E 141

4 sym ............. a change in your body which is a sign of illness

5 inf.............. an illness caused by bacter ia or a virus

6 inj.............. an cirea of da m ag e in the body, often cau se d by an acc ide nt

7 dev.............. grow, increase, or change into something

8 th o.............. in a very careful and complete way

Unit 21

1 Match 1 -7 with a-h to make compound words - Hãy nối từ1 -7 với t ử a - h để thành lập từ ghép.

► wing a stick

1 steer ing......... b wiper 2 gear ...... . c handle

3 speed ......... d mirror

4 rear-view........ e plate

5 door......... f wheel

6 number ........ g mirror

7 windscreen......... h limit

Unit 22

1 Tick (✓) the words that are poss ible in the sentence - Đánh dấu tick (S) vào từ mà nó có thể ở trong câu.

► We were s tu c k d e la y e d 0 stopped o f fO in a traffic jam.

1 The train was cancel led □ held up □ col l ided □ .2 We stopped on the outskirts □ the rush hour □ the ivay □ .

3 He turned up in a lane □ a vehicle □ an ambulance □ .

4 They crashed into a coach □ a uan □ an acc ident □ .

5 The car broke.doLVỉĩ □ hired □ crashed □ .

6 The passengers were turned up □ injured □ delayed □ .

7 I’ve got a val id t icket □ a day return □ a traffic ja m □ .

8 The train gets in □ is due □ ends up □ at two o’clock.




2 Complete the phrases with a suitable verb. Hoàn thành cụm từ với động từ phù hợp.

► into another vehicle 4 g ...........held up in traffic

1 h ........... a ca r 5 s ............................................. on the ice

2 p ...........your friend up at the station 6 s ..............off on the way for a coffee

3 t ............up late for a flight 7 e ................... ..up in the wrong place

Uni t 23

1 Circ le the one which is dif ferent - Khoanh tròn từ mà có ngh ĩa khác.

► blouse waistcoat sweater đũtỉĩĩ> 4 cotton denim silk vest

1 cap style boot sweater 5 earrings button necklace ring

2 leather bracelet suede cotton 6 suede fashionable elegant versatile

3 collar pocket dress sleeve 7 bra knickers unde rpan ts underwear

2 Complete the sentence so that it means the same as the

sentence on the left- Hoàn thành câu sao cho nghĩa của nó cùng nghĩa với câu ở bên trái.

4 1do n’t l ike str on g colours . Ỉ l ike *£?... colours.

1 You can wear this blouse with anything. This blouse is very..............

2 Her bag’s the same colour as her shoes. Her bag her shoes...............

3 Her new hairstyle looks really good on her. Her new hairstyle..........her.

4 1need a new skirt and jacket for work. I need a new .......... for work .

5 I’m going to get a necklace and some earrings. I’m going to get s ome. ...........

6 1don’t like cotton or silk. I don’t like th e s e ..............



GETTING THINGS DONE 143

241 can describe a visit to the dentist Tôi có thể mô tả môtlầ n đỉ khám nha sĩ

.... , • ... —

I’d had to oth ache for a couple of weeks. When I tried to b ite or ch ew on one of ~my back teeth, it was very painful. I needed to have a check-up anyway, so I r a n g t h e dental surgery a n d made an appointment for F r i d a y . The d e n t i s t

exam in ed my teeth and told me I needed two fi llings, and said he would have to take o u t t h e t o ot h w hi c h w a s causing t h e p a in . I ’v e g o t t o go b a c k f o r treatment on Tuesday, and I’m dreading it.

Tôi bị đau răng đã đư ợ c vài tu ầ n . Lúc tôi cố g ắ ng cắ n hoặ c nhai bằ ng mộ t trong nh ữ ng chiế c răng ở phía sau, thì rấ t là đau đ n . Dù sao đi nữ a

tôi c ầ n phả i đi khám răng. Vì vậ y tôi đã gọ i điệ n cho phò ng khám nha khoa và sắ p x ế p cuộ c h ẹ n vào thứ Sáu. Ngư ờ i nha s ĩ đã khám răng cho tôi và bả o tôi là tôi c ầ n phả i t rám hai chiế c răng, rồ i nói ông ấ y sẽ phả i nhổ đi chiế c răng mà đang gây đau đ n cho tôi. Tôi phả i quay tr ở l ạ i đ ể điề u tr ị vào ngày thứ Ba, và tôi đang lo sợ về đi ề u đo'

spotlight dread, loo k forw ard to

If you are dreadi

are looking forvgoing to happen

I dread going to

My treatment finis

Nếu bạn đang lo sợ gỉ, thỉ bạ n đang vui

Tôi lo SỢvề việc đi 1

Ngày mai việc điều i

ng something, youare afraid of something that is going to happen. If you

yard to something, you are happy or excited about something that is

the dentist.

;hes tomorrow; I'm really looking forward to that.

về điều gì. thì bạn đang lo sợ rằng điểu đó sẽ phải xảy ra. Nếu bạn mong đợ i điểu và háo hức về điều gì đó sắp sửa xảy ra.

khám nha sĩ.

1rị của tôi sẽ kết thúc; tôi thật sự rất mong chờ điểu này.

Glossaryhave toothache bị đau răng have a pain in your tooth,

bi te sth PT bi t pp bitten F can cut sth with your teeth,

chewnhai use your te eth to br eak up food in your mo uth,

pain ful đau đớn If som eth ing is painful, it hurts.

check-up sự khám rảng a medical or dental examination to see if you are healthy.

dental surgery p h ò ng khám rtha khoa a place where a dentist sees you (alsodoctor’s surgery).

make an appointment sắ p x ế p cuộc hẹ n arran ge a time to go to a dentist,

doctor, etc.



144 REVIEW: GETTIN G THING S DONE

examine sb /s th x e m x é t kì ỉư ờ ng a i/ th ứ gì look at sb/sth very carefully,

filling đồ trả m rang a mix ture that a denti st puts in your too th to fill a hole,

take out a tooth n hổ răn g remove a tooth from your mouth,

cause s th g ả y ra đ iề u gì be the reason that sth happens, often sth bad.

treatment sự điề u trị the things a doctor or dentist does to make you better, treat sb V.

oComplete the sentences with /, The tooth, or The dentist - Hoàn thành câu với I, The tooth, hoặc The dentist.

► / needed a check-up.

1 .. took the tooth out.2 .. was causing me pain.

3 .. mad e an appointment.4 .. examined my teeth.5 .. was dreading going to the surgery.6 gave me a filling.7 .. had to have some treatment.8 .. was treated at the surgery.9 .. was painful.10 .... bit on an apple and hurt my tooth

0 Complete the questions - Hoàn thành câu hỏi.

w LJ ... a J , I I - ABOUT YOU► How often do you have a ? .....................

1 Do you.........forward to going to the dentist? Why/Why not?.....................

2 What’s your dental ............ like? ......................

3 When did you last............ toothache? ......................

4 When did the dentist last give you a ............ ? ......................5 Is it ever when you bite or ............ your food? ......................

6 When did a dentist last...........out one of your teeth ......................

ABOUT YOU Write your answers to Exercise 2, or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời ở Exercise 2, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

Test yours elf. Cover the gloss ary m eanin gs and look at ^ ™ the words. What are the meanings? Hãy che ngh ĩa của





25 Ican describe hospital procedures p* Tôi có thể mô tả về nhữ ng thủ tụ c ở

bệ nh việnm ___________ £ ___________________________________________________________

GOING INTO HOSPITAL go into hospital đế n bệ nh việ n để nầ m điề u trị ĐI KHAM ử BẸ NH VIẸ N go for treatment and stay there for a night 01’more.

go to hospital go there for treatment, but not stay in.

đế n bệ nh việ n đ ể điề u trị

Your doctor is co nce rn ed co nce rn ed ab ou t sb worried about sb.about you.

Bác sĩ củ a hạ n đang lo lắ ng lũ nẽ ch° aỉ về sứ c kh ỏ e củ a bạ n.

He sends you to see a sp ecia list a person who knows a lot about aspecialist. bác sĩ chuyèn khoa

Q ị ~ Ị Ị đ' ặ p a r t i c u l a r s u b je c t, e .g . a h e a r t s p e c i a l i s t . I n a h o s p i t a l

mộ t bác sĩ chuyên khoa. t h i s p e r s o n is o f te n c a ll ed a c o n s u l t a n t .

You may have tests, X-rays',test a medical examination of part of your body, or scans2 sự xét nghiệ m y khoa r*

Bạ n có th ể Làm xét nghiệ m , e.g. an eye test, a blood test. __

chụ p X-quang, hoặ c cỉiụ p Ijjtim.The specialist decides how treat sb give medical help to sib’

diề u trị cho aito make them better, treatment N.

to treat you.

Bác sĩ chuyên khoa sẽ quyế t định cách điề u trị cho bạ n.

You may hav e an oper at ion In an op er at ion , the doctor cuts openoperat ion immediately i f ca phẫ u thuậ t the body (operates) to treat the person.

it is urg en t. im m ed iate ly with no delay. SYN str aig htaw ay .ngay ỉậ p tứ c

Bạ n cỏ th ể sẽ ph ả i mô ngay urgent needing to be done quickly. lậ p tứ c nế u như việ c này là .rấ t khẩ n cấ p *khẩ n cấ p.

The su rgeon explains the su rg eo n a doctor who does medical operations,

benefits and risks to you, bác sĩ PìlẬ lí thu^the p atie n t. benefit lọ i ich a thing that has a good or helpful result.

Bác s ĩ p h ẫ u th u ậ t sẽ g iả i r i sk r ủ i ro a danger that sth bad may happen.thick nhữ ng lợ i ích và rủ i ro p a tien t a person who is having treatment. cho bạ n, bệ nh nhăn. bệ nh nhẵ n



146 REVIEW: GETTING TH ING S DONE

After the operation you ca re for sb look after sb. SYNC ta ke care of sb. , ,, chăm sóc cho aireturn to the ward, where , , ..

ward (see picture) the nurses care for you. dư ờ ng bệ nhSau ca mổ b ạ n trở về phòng điề u trị , nơ i mà các y tá sẽ chăm sóc cho bạ n.The operation is su cc es sfu l, su cc es sfu l If sth is suc ce ssf u l, it has gone well.

When you are w e ll e n ou gh , ^coveH fr om sth) become well after you have been ill. you can go home to recover, phụ c hồ i sứ c khỏ e

Ca mổ đã thành công. Lúc bạ n SYN get over sth. cả m thấ y có đủ sứ c khỏ e bạ n có th ể trở về nhà đ ể phụ c hồ i sứ c kh ỏ e.

operating theatre

You can use enough after adjectives and adverbs. It means 'as good, well, old, long,as is necessary'.

She's not well enough to go out (She needs to feel better before she can go out.)strong enough to get up. (He has the strength he needs to get up.)

You can also use enough before plural and uncountable nouns.

There aren't enough doctors. (We need more doctors.)

I haven't got enough money. (I need more money.)

Bạn có thể dùng enough sau các trạng từ và tỉnh từ. Từ này cố nghĩa ‘đủ ở mức cần thiế t

CÔấy không đủ sức khỏe ơể đi ra ngoài.

Anh ấy không đủ mạnh mẽ ổể thức dậy.

Bạn cũng cố thể ơùng enough ở trước cấc danh từ số nhiều và không đếm được.

Không có đỏ bấc sl

Tôi không có đủ tiền.

etc.

He's

O c o r re c t the spel l ing mistakes - sửa lỗi chinh tả.

► spezialis t .4jọẹcíẠ £íU.

1 co ns ulta nt ................. 6 urgente .................

2 inmediately ................. 7 well enogh ................



GETTING THING S DONE 147

3 recouver....

4 patient ........

5 straightway

8 succesful

9 benifit.....

10 sirgeon.

© Circle the correct answer - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng .

4 TheCfoafienty surgeon has the operation.

1 The con sultant /pa tien t goes into hospital.

2 The specialist/patient orders the scans.

3 The consultant/patient may have to have an X-ray.

4 The specialỉst/patient may need treatment urgently.

5 The surgeon/patient explains the benefits of the treatment.6 The patient/nurse cares for the person after the operation.

7 The specialist/patient gets over the illness.

8 The nurse/patĩent works on the ward.

© Complete the conversation with suitable words - Hoàn thành cuộc đàm thoại với từ phù hợp.

A Hi, Mary, how are you?B Oh, not too bad, but I’m a bit ..... about my eye.

A I’m sorry to hear that. What’s thematter?

B Well, I’ve just been to hospital to see a (1) c .and 1 hadsome (2) t .........too, to see what waswrong. I’ve got a problemat the back of my eye, and I needtohave an (3) o ........

A Oh, dear. Is it (4) u ........... ?

B Yes, I haveto have it done (5) s .............. — I’ve got to go (6)i.............. hospital tomorrow.

A And are there any (7) r ............ with the treatment?

B ] don’t think so; it’s a very simple operation, and it’s usually very(8) s ............ : 98 per cent of people can see better afterwards.

A And when will you be well (9) e ............ to start work again?

B He said Pll need a week to (10) g ........... the operation. My sister

is going to (11) t ............ of me at home.A Well, good luck — I hope it goes well.



0 ABOUT YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY Write your answers , or ask another student - Hăy viết câu trả lời, hoặc hỏi sinhviên khác .

1 Have you ever been into hospital for a few days or longer?

When? ................... ..................................................................... .7..............2 Have you ever visited a patient in hospital? if so, when, and who

was it? .........................................................................................................3 When patients are on a ward, do the nurses take care of them, or

does the family look af te r them too? ............. .......................................

4 Can you see a ’speciaiist straightaway in your country, or do youhave to wait? If so, how long? ........ .....................................................

5 Do you have to see your doctor first before you qo and see a specialist?.........................................................................................................

6 Where do patients usually go to recover after an operation? ......

Test yours elf. Cover the meanings in the table and look ® ™ at the procedures. Can you remember the meanings of

the new words? Che nghĩa của bảng và nhìn vào thủ tục . Bạn có th ể nhớ nghĩa của từ mới khô ng?

148_____________________________REVIEW: GETTING THINGS PONE




26 I can explain household tasks Tôicó thể giả i thích nhũ hq công việc ở nhàA Using tools and household objects

Dùng các công cụ và vậ t dụ ng ở nhà

Ymi use i) h a m m e r 1Lo b;mg an a i l’ into a piuT of wood.

Bạ n dùng búa đ ể đóng đ in h v ào m ộ t m iế n g gỗ .

\: « p = à = c q

You use í) screwdriver* loligh ten t)r loosen ÍI srr ew '\

Bạ n dùng tua vít để vặ n chặ t hay tháo lỏ ng m ộ t cỉiiế c đỉn h vít.

You use iì dril l1lo nuikt' <1 hole*’. A h u m M KT , a s o T v r d n v t T . a n < l

;i drill itIV tools.

Ban d ù n g m ộ t chiế c m áy khoan đ ể đụ à ỉỗ . Cái búa, cái tua v í t , và cái máy khoan là nhữ ng công cụ .

13

Lí s ir in g ", roỊH *1’. or lo lie things together.

You use í) nc cí ll tv , |>ì iiíỉ\ You use s i r i ng 'sc is so rs 1'. <111(1c o U o ii /íh re ii đ"1 n i r cwhen vou’re sew ing. r> J J ■** Bạ n dùng cuộ n dây, dây Bạ n dàng mộ t cây kim , cây thừ ng, hoặ c dây diệ n đểkim tay, kéo, L’à sợ i chỉ lúc buộ c chặ t các thứ íạ i v i

bạ n dang may vá. nhau .

You tỉ.st: lMS<.*IJolapt,H or g lu e1lo stick tilings tog eth er.

Bạ n dùng keo hoặ c hồ d ể dán các thứ lạ i v i nhau.

spotlight Noun

Cotton, thread, string, rope, wire, Sellotape, and glue are all uncountablenouns. Scissors is a plural noun.Where's the string?

Where are the scissors?Ineed some glue.Cotton thread, string, rope, wire, Sellotape, và glue đêu là các ddfih ỉừ không đếm

được. Scissors là danh từ số nhiều.

Cuộn dây nằm ờ đâu? Cây kéo nằm ở đâu?

Tôi cần một ít hồ dán. _______ _



150 REVIEW: GET TING THINGS DONE

o Circle the correct word - Khoanh tròn từ đúng .

► Stick it together with (fllujycotton.

1 Sew it with a pin/needle.2 Cut it with scissors/a drill.

3 Tighten it with a hammer/screwdriver.

4 Tie it together with rope/nails.

5 Bang it in with string/a hammer.

6 Make a hole with thread/a drill.

7 Stick it together with Sellotape/wire.

8 Loosen the screw/cotton.


► She didn’t have any string, so she stuck the parcel together with

1 I’ve got a hammer and a screwdriver, but 1haven’t got any other............

2 When you make a skirt, you cut the fabric with............... you hold

the pieces together with pins, and then youit with a needlea n d .........................

3 If you break the handle off a cup, you can it on with..............

4 I tied all the keys together with a piece of ................

5 If the screws on your door handle are loose, use a to...........them.

6 A drill is very useful if you need to make a.............in a wall.

7 Pass the hammer and I can bang in this ................

8 We.............a long rope to the tree for the children to play on.

A ầ Test yourself. Look at the p ictures and cover the words. ® ™ Can you remember- Hãy nhìn bức hình và che từ lại. Bạn

có th ể nhớ từ không ?




B Common problems £1 Các rắ c rố i thư ờ ng gạ p

Out CỊpti: ttỊịí to 415

-'Tiifc Uvi'i mttfrkfrKVT 'í <£ịcfeatt^iKci take ffifet bícíbr

- 'Ịâlee A A c títt to *4 ri *eftk iw fy íiAOG tt> AfejoaU ít,

- "Títe tuiKcỉouÁ cAQcfcect. I t *.eecU *e|o£aciHfy

- T íie “T V ĩW t Ị0>tg>pfex .

-~7ale& ỊiCtdio Í4 f acc l f t Cj-

- "Tftfee Lectfcoom, *,eecU ctecoxfttiMfy

- "Tkft/iVi 4oiA.tfetkiw££ tu*.&viCj ÌX )icfc

ifee ct«w>/t. I t keepl &£icfel*Cfr

o u t oxcfex/ I JeojoeJe

kũ tị í t S 6 6 Ì 1 .

- “ritexe'* ft Uahn/ an ike. cetKjpe.1

tAjUicU vue. Xtfeect A.e»*<><;e,

Meaning

ỉf sth isn’t working, it isn ’t

functioning or it’s broken.

không hoạt động được

leak rò rỉ allow liquid or gas to g<

through a hole or crack, leak N.

cracked bị nứt (see picture) _ .___ ‘ ' iL i- iL -/ -* . -I ___ cracked window , __ replace sth thay trie th ứg i exchange XIIIU I Mil i iia i 10 Ử CŨ .CÍ UI newer.

proper ly tố t cor rect ly or well.

faulty bị tr ụ c trặ c not working well; only working so met imes ,

decorate a room trang trí c ẩ n phòn g put paint or paper on the walls,

wrong g â y kh ó kh ẩ n causin g problem s or difficulties,

stick bị dính lạ i be in one position and difficult to move.

out of order k hô n g h oạ t đ ộ n g được If a mac hin e or pi ece of equip m en t in a pubi place is out of order, it isn’t work ing,

stain vêì bẩn H f u (see p ic tu re )

remove sth dì chuyển thứ gì, làm mất thứ gì tak stain



152 REVIEW: GETTIN G THI NGS DONE

repair fix, orm endsth

Repair sth, f ix, sth, and mend sth all mean "put sth right that is broken or damaged'. Can you re p a ir/fix the fridge? It took ages to rep a ir/m en d the roof.

We use m en d and r ep ai r, rather than fi x , to talk about repairing clothes.I m en d ed the hole in my pocket I must get my shoes repaired.

Repair sth, fix sth và mend sth tất cả đều có nghĩa 'sửa lại thứ gì bị hư, hoặc bị hỏng’.

Bọn có biết sứa tủ lạnh không? Đẽ mất rất nhiều thời gian để sửa iại nó nè.

Chúng ta dùng menơ, và repair, chứ không đùng fix, để nói về việc sửa quẩn ẩo.

Tôi khâu ỉạị chỗ rách ở túi áo. Tôi phải mang đôi dày ơi sửa.

O T ic k {✓) the words which are possible - Hãy đánh dấu tích

vào từ mà có thể được dùng -► My shoe has a hole in it. Can you r e p a t f n m e n t f O r e m o v e q itfor me?

1 This table’s broken. We need to decorate □ f ix q repair □ it.2 is the bedroom lamp OK? - No, it’s fau l ty out o f order □ not

work ing □ .3 We’re going to remoue replace decorate □ the fridge.

4 We need a new lamp □ stain light bulb El.5 The public phone is out o f ord er is w ron g □ i sn ' t work ing proper ly □ .

6 The radiator is leaking □ faulty □ st icking CL

© Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài tex tV

The house was in a terrible condition. The rain had come into allthe bedrooms because the roof was

► and there were (1) s ..........on the walls and carpets. A builder (2) f ......... the roof for us, and after that, we had to (3) d ...........allthe bedrooms. We also had to (4) r ..........several windows that were(5) c ..........Then we realized that the central heating w asn’t (6) w.........., and it cost a lot to have it (7) r .......... The bathr oo m was a

problem too: the shower didn’t work (8) p......... - some days thewater was hot, others it was freezing, and the taps were (9) .......... I

too. The previous owners had left two old cars in the garden and wehad to pay someone to (10) r .......... them. It was all so expensive.

Q Test you rself. Look at the text, and cover the meaning s. ™ Can you rememb er the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào bài

text, và che nghĩa lại. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa không?

spotlight




27 I can describe housework fl Tôi có thể mô tả nhữ ng víêc nhà

. . . . ----------------------------1>JL _____ c ____________

Mrs Bristow’s

Handy Housework Routine

Nhữ ng vi c nhà làm bằ ng tay củ a bà Bristow

Daily tasksMake the beds and do the washing up. Clean the bathroom and kitchen. Wipe all surfaces with a soapy cloths to remove gr ea se . T idy up and throw aw ay ’ any rubbish.

N h ừ ng công việ c h ằ ng ngày

Dọ n giư ờ ng và rử a chén bát . Lau chùi

phòng tắ m và nhà bế p. Dùng miế ng vả i có thấ m xà bông d ể lau cỉiùi t ấ t cả các bề m ặ t đ ể loạ i bỏ các vế t dầ u bẩ n . S ắ p xế p g ọ n g àn g đồ đạ c uà vứ t đi tấ t cả n hữ n g rác rư ở i.Weekly task s

Using a broom, sweep the area outsideyour front door to remove m u d and generaldir t . Wash the f loors with a mop and

b u c k e t s and warm, soapy wate r. V acu umthe carpets , and then dust or pol ish thefurniture. Wipe the inside of the fridge.

N h ữ ng công việ c làm hăng tu ầ n

D ùng chổ i đ ể quét khu vự c ở phía ngoài cử a trư c đ ể là m sạ ch đ ấ t b ùn và n hữ n g cỉíấ t b ẩ n nói chung. Lau sàn nhà bằ ng mộ t câu lau nhà và xô nư c và nư c ấ m có pha

xà phòng. D ùng ỉìiáy hú t bụ i cho th ả m chùi chân và sau đó lau chùi hoặ c đánh bóng tủ , giư ờ ng , bàn gh ế . Lau chùi ph ầ n bên trong củ a tủ lạ nh.

• *

' ' ể r - '

í t ó I



154 REVIEW: GETTING THINGS DONE

Glossary

t a sk công v iệ c a piece of work you m ust do.

do the washing up rử a c hé n bấ t wash dishes, plates, glasses, etc. after a meal.wipe sth lau c hù i th ứ gì b ằ n g ư ả i clean or dry sth with a cloth.

grease v ế t dầ u, v ế t mỡ oil or fat that com es from cooking, gre as y AD J.

tidy (up) sắ p xế p gọ n gàng ma ke a place look better by putting things in thecorrect place.

sweep sth dùng ch ổ i qué t remove dirt from the floor or ground with a br oo m ’.

mud bùn soft, wet earth. (If you walk in a field after rain, your shoes will be

muddy Am.)dirt ch ấ t bẩ n a substance that isn’t clean (e,g. mud), dirty ADJ.

vacuum sth h út b ụ i bằ ng m ấ y hút bụ i clean a carpet or floor using a vacuumcl ea ner6. SYMC hoover V.

dust sth lau chùi remove very small pieces of dry dirt (dust M) from sth.dusty ADJ.

polish sth đánh bóng make sth shine by rubbing it with a cream or liquid

(polish N).

o Write the missing parts of speech - Hãy viết từ loại còn thiếu.

► dirty ADJ.cUfct N

1 dusty A D J............ M

2 mud N ............ ADJ

3 greasy ADJ ............ N

4 vacuum cleaner N............ V

©Complete the phrases - Hoàn thành cụm từ.

► Do the daily .

1 .the floor to remove mud and dirt.

2 Use a ...............to hoover the carpet.

3 Tidy .............. the kitchen every day.

4 Remove grease with a soapy ...............

5 ....................the washing up.

6 Gse a.............and .............to wash the floor.



GETTIN G THINGS DONE 155

7 .............or .............the furniture Bona a week.

8 Use a cloth to ............the kitchen surfaces

9 Use a broom to .............the floor.

10 ............. away any rubbish.

©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student - Hãy v iết câu trả lời của bạn, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

l.Look again at Mrs Bristow’s tasks.In your home, which do youdo?

2. Which tasks does someone else do in your home?



156 RFA’IEW: G ETTIN G THINGS DONE

28 I can talk to a hairdresserTôi có thể nóĩ chuyện v í ngư ờ i thơ cắ t tộ c

I’d like to have my hairc u t / h a v e a h a i r c u t .Tôi muố n c ắ t tóc.

I’m let t ing it grow long, so just t r i m it / give i t a t r im, ple ase. I ’d li ke to k e e p thefrin g e’ and the p a r t in g 2 on the left.

Tôi đang đế tóc dùi vi vậ y vui lòng chí

cắ t t ía mộ t ít. Tôi muố n gi ữ l ạ i tóc máivà dư ờ ng rẽ ngôi ở bên trái.

1vvmit lo hnvc ii penned / í*d like ÍI perm, please.Tôi muố n uố n tóc/ Vui Ỉòỉìg uố n tóc cho tôi nh é .

What would you like? Bạ iỉ muố n cắ t tóc như thế nào?.

I want to keep the sameha i r s ty l e , pie ase. I’d li kea cut and b low-dry(s: dry with a h a i r d r y e r )

Tôi muố n gi ữ nguyên ki ể u tóc cũ . Tôi muố n cắ t và sấ y tóc.

hairdryer

Could you colour iỉfor Ì11C. please

l/ui lòng nhuộm tóc cho tôi nhé?

ụ-

h ave/g etsth done

If you have sth done or get sth done, you pay sb to do sth for you. Compare:

Ĩ have m y hair cut every month. (I go to the hairdresser's.)

I colour my hair every month. (I do it myself.)

Have sth done tioậc get something done, trả tiền cho ai để người ta làm việc gì cho bạn. Hãy so sánh:

Tháng nào tôi cũng đi cắt tóc.

Tháng nào tôi cũng đều nhuộm tốc.

spotlight



(JETTING THI NGS DONE 157

Glossarylet ch o p h ép , đ ẽ ch o allow sth to happen without trying to stop it.

trim sth c ắ t tỉa th ứ gì cut sth a little so that it is shorter and tidier. SYN give sth atr im, tr im N.

keep sth g i ừ n g u y ên tlĩ ứ gì make sth stay in a particular state or condition andnot change.

hairstyle k iề u tóc the way your hair is cut and arranged.


► La.ĩ rfc.H.t 3 h ........ r s t ........ e 6 t .................m

1 f r ............. e 4 h ........ r d ..............r 7 c... 1.........r 2 s ........s 5 p ........t n g 8 bl... w-dr...

© Put the words in order, and add one more word - Hãy đặt từ theo thứ tự và thêm vào một từ.

' ► goin g / I’m / hair / to / cu t / .............

1 could / colour / you / me / for / please? ............................................2 Sasha / her / letting / is / hair...............................................................

3 fringe / like / a / parting / i’d / and / a / right / the...........................

4 please / blow-dry / like / a / and / I’d................................................

5 want / please / hairstyle / same / Ỉ/ to / the.............................

6 to / she’s / her / trimmed / going / hair..............................................

©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student. Hãy viết câu trả lời, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 Are you letting your hair grow at the moment?..................................

2 When did you last have your hair cut?..................................

3 Have you got a fringe or a parting?..................................

4 Where do you get your hair cut? ..................................

5 In your family, who has their hair permed or coloured?....................Look at the pictures and cover the words. Can you remember the requests? Hãy nhìn vào bức hình và che từ. Bạn có thể nhớ lời yêu cầu không?



158 REVIEW: GETTIN G THINGS DONE

Review: Getting things done Ôn tậ p: Nhờ ai làm việ c gì

Unit 24

1 Read the den tis t’s quest ions and statements. One word is missing in each one. Where from? Write it at the end. Hãy đọc câu hỏi và sự trình bày của nha sĩ. Một từ còn thiếu t rong m ỗi câu. Ở vị trí nào? Hãy viết nó ở cuố i câu .

► How long have you /ioothache? . . k s Á .........1 Is it when you bite?...................

2 I will probably have to the tooth out.....................

3 This is the tooth which is the pain.....................

4 When did you last a check-up? ...................

5 Can you come back to the tomorrow?., .................

6 Just ask the receptionist to make an for you .....................

7 There ’s a hole in this tooth * you need a .....................

8 rm going to your teeth and then decide what you need...............

Unit 25

1 Which wo rds are being defined? Từ nào là từ được định

nghĩa?

► a person who knows a lot about a subject .fpeciftfei....

1 give som eone medical help to m ake them better .....................2 worried about someone or something.. ..................3 a doctor who operates on you.....................4 another word for ‘immediately’.....................5 something that has a good or helpful result.....................6 look after someone, especially if they are ill....................

7 become well after you have been ill...................8 a person who is ill and having medical treatment....................9 the place in a hospital where sick people stay....................10 a danger that something bad could happen....................



GET TING THING S DONE 159

Unit 26

1 Complete the sentences with sui table wo rds - Hoàn thành câu với từ ph ù hợp.

► I’m going the bedroom. Sandro doe sn ’t like the colour of the walls.

1 There’s a ............ on the carpet. Do you know how to .............it?

2 Did you know the lift was ................... order? - Yes, but someoneis going ............ to it later today.

3 ỉ’m afraid this radiator is............ ; there’s water on the carpet.

4 i’ve got a hole in my pocket. Could you ............ it for me, please?

5 This lamp isn’t ............... Have we got any light............. ?6 I’m afraid there's something ............ the front door. We may haveto get someone to ............ it.

2 Which word is being described? Write it at the end - Từ nào được mô tả? Hãy viết nó ở cuối câu.

► You use one when you’re sewing w,fcec{£&..

1 You use one to bang a nail in the wall............2 You use one to make a hole in the wall.........3 You use one to tighten a screw .............

4 You use them to cut things...........

5 You use it to tie a boat to a wall............6 You use it to tie some sticks together ............7 You use it to stick a broken bowltogether ...............

8 You use it to wrap a parcel ............

Unit 27

1 Com plete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

^ Mr Br istow’s Handy Housework exc uses

► I couldn't do the .WtaLivift ......up...... because there was no hot water.1 1 couldn’t sweep the floor because I couldn’t find the..................

2 I couldn’t wash the floor because there was a mop but no ..................

3 I couldn’t hoover the carpets because the ................... wasn’t working.



160 REVIEW: GETTING THINGS DONE

c 4 I c o u l d n ’t ... a w a y t h e r u bb i s h b e c a u s e t h e b in s w e r e a l l ful l .

the furniture because the cloth was dirty.

....the surfaces because they all looked clean to me, anywa}'.^

5 I couldn’t.

6 And I didn’t.

Unit 28

1 There is a m istake in each s entenc e. Write the co rrec t sentence at the end - Trong mỗi câu đểu có lỗỉ. Hãy viết câu đúng ở cuối câu.

► I like your new style of hairỊ .f ife# > * * * ........

1 Ỉ made my hair cut last week......................................................2 1 just want trim, please......................................................

3 I’d like a cutting and blow-drv, please............................................

4 Are you leaving your hair grow? ..................................................

5 Can you pass me the scissor?.....................................................

6 She’s got a parted on the left......................................................

7 Pm having my hair colour tomorrow............................................

8 Can ] borrow your ha ird ryer? .....................................................



DESCRIBING THINGS 161

29 I can describe urban lifeT1 • ^ I I A I ? À J A f I #

T o / C O trie m o tá ve đời song đô th ị

A The inner city-Vùng phía trong thành phố ---------- — ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

r I parked in the multi-storey car park and went the rest of the way on foot. The street lights had just come on, and 1 could see the pavem ents were filth v. At t h e e n t r a n c e to t h e subway, t h e r e w a s a n o l d g u y begging f o r m o n e y . I g a v ehim something and hurried on down. There was the usual graffiti all over the walls, and litter everywhere. I came up the other side and passed a man who was w h is tlin g quite cheerfully, but I found this part of the in n er c ity so depressing that I wondered if my decision to walk had been a good idea.

Tôi đậ u xc vào nhà giữ xe hơ i nhiề u tẩ ng rồ i di bộ trí’} ì quãng dư ờ ng còn lạ i. Nhừ ng ngọ t ì đen ở trên đư ờ ng phô vừ a m i sáìig, và tôi cỏ th ế nh ìn tì láy vía hè rấ t bẩ n. ơ lố i đ i vào đư ờ ng h ẩ m , có mộ t gã dàn ông l ỉỉ tuổ i đang xin tiề n. Tôi cho ngư ờ i đàn ôììg này mộ t ít tiề n và vộ i rã đì xuỏ ỉig. Trèn kìiắ p tấ t cú cúc bứ c tư ờ ng có các hình vẽ thư ờ ng gặ p, và giấ y vụ n ở kỉidp mọ i nơ i. Tôi di sang phía bẽ n kia và di ngang qua mộ t ngư ờ i dàn ồ ng đang huýt sáo rấ t pỉiấ n kh i như ng tôi nhậ n t hấ y nơ i nà y c ủ a v ù n g bên ỉ r un g t h àn h p h ố t hậ t là buồ n íé đ ế n m ứ c tôi p h ả i t ự Ị lỏ i

y ^ à n g liệ u quyế t din h di dạ o bộ củ a tôi có phả i là mộ t ỷ kiế n hay kỉiông.

multỉ-storey nhà g ỉ ừ x e nh iề u tầ ng a large car park with several floors,car park

pavement uỉa hè the part of the road where people walk.

filthy rấ t b ẩ n very dirty.

subway đường hầm a tunnel that goes under a road or railway so people canwalk to the other side.

beg ăn xin ask for food or mone y.

hurry đỉ uộ i oà move or do sth quickly. SYNC rush .

graffiti hình vè trên tường pictures or writing on a wall in a publ ic place (oftenhu mo rou s or political).

litter g iấ y bỏ , rac paper and rubbish that is dropped and le on the ground in a publ ic place.

whistle huýt sáo make a musical sound with your lips nearly closed.

inner city uùng nghèo bên trong thành phố the part of a large city which is nearthe ce ntre an d often poor.

depressing g â y bu ồ n c há n making you feel sad and without hope.

wonder tự hỏ i ask yourself questions about sth.



162 REVIEW: DESCRIB ING THINGS

o Correct the spelling mistakes - sửa lỗi chỉnh tả.

► hury

1 filthy

2 liter.. 4 whisle

3 payment 5 grafiti.........

6 deppresing

© Complete the definit ions - Hoàn thành định nghĩa.

► inner city = . I??#*., parts of a city,near the centre

1 filthy = very ...........

2 rush = move or do something nearly closed ...........

3 pavement = place where people ...........4 litter = paper dropped on the ...........

5 multi-storey = with several...........

6 beg = ask foror ............

7 whistle = make a sound with your ...........nearly closed

8 graffiti = ...........on a wall in a public place

© Comp lete the sentences with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu với từ phù hợp.

► My dog comes back to me when Ỉ .

1 i hatepeople who dr op ........... in the street. Why can’t they put itin a bin?

2 It’s a dangerous road, so use the ........... to get to the other side.

3 Leila says that someone in our class is getting married. 1...........who it is.

4 You’ve got lots of time - you don’t need to ........... to get the train.

5 Two men were cleaning the ...........off the walls in the subway.

6 The street was filthy and it was pouring with rain. It was very...........

Test yourself. Cover the glossary words and look at the meanings. Can you remember the words? Hãy che từ

glossary và nhìn vào nghĩa. Bạn có th ể nhớ từ không?




B In a suburb - Ở vùng ngoạ i ôT h e a r e a w h e r e I l iv e is i d e a l . I t ’s a

s u b u r b n o t f a r f r o m t h e c e n t r e a n d i t ’s q u i t e l i v e l y , b u t t h e re ’ s s t i l l a f ee l i n g of*

space, an d my b l o ck o f f l a t s is surrounded b y t r e e s . I t ’s a ls o a handy p lace tolive because there are good local shops, and a bus service that gets me into the cen t r e i n 1 5 t o 2 0 mi n u t e s . T h e o n l y disadvantage is t h a t w i th t h e growth int h e p o p u l a t i o n , i t ’s g r a d u a l l y b e c o m i n g m o r e built-up t h an i t u s ed t o b e , wh i chis a shame.

Nơ i m à tô i d a n g số ng rấ t là lý tư ở ng . Đó là m ộ t vùng ngoạ i ô n ằ m kh ô n g xa trung t â m l ắ m v à nơ i nà y c ủ n g k há s ố n g d ộ n g, n il ư n g v ầ n cò n có c ả m g iá c ỉà có n h i ề u không g ian , và dãy nhà chung cư tôi dang ở xung quanh toàn là cây cố i . Đó c ủ ng là m ộ t nơ i r ấ t th u ậ n t iệ n d ể s ố n g bở i vì có rấ t nh iề u cùa h à n g tố t ở đ ị a p hư ơ n g, và có d ịch v ụ xe buýt ch ở tôi rào trung tâm thà n ỉ i phô trong ư ò iĩg 15 đèn 20 phút . S ự

bấ t lợ i d u y n h ấ t dó là v i s ự t ăn g n h a n h về d á n sô' nơ i n à y đ a n g d ầ n d ầ n có nh i ề u n h à cao t ầ n g đ ư ợ c x â y l ên Ỉiơ ỉì là trư c đ ây , d i ề u n ả y t h ậ t là d á n g b u ồ n .

spotlight area, reg ion , district' r part

The word area can be used for part of a town, country or the world. A region is part of a country or the world e.g. a desert region. A district is part of a town or country, often with special qualities, egg. the financial district. A part is often used when we are talking about a town, egg. a lovely part o f the city.

Từ area có thể được ơùng để chỉ một phần của thành phố. quốc gia hoặc thế giới. Từ region được đùng để chỉ một phần của quốc gia hoặc thế giới, chẳng hạn vùng sa mạc. Từ district ơùng để chỉ một phẩn của thành phố hoặc quốc gia, thường là có những tính chất đặc biệt, chẳng hạn như khu phố tài chính. Từ part thường được dùng khi chủng ta nói về một thành phố, ví đụ như một khu vực xinh đẹp của thành phố.

Glossarysuburb vừ ng ngoạ i ô an area outside the centre of a town, where a lot of people live.

ideal ỉỷ t ư ở ng perfect; the best possible.

lively sôi động full of interest, and with things to do.

space không gian trống a place or area that is empty and not used.



164 REVIEW: DESCRIBING THINGS

surrounded by sth đ uợ c bao bọ c bở i th ứ gỉ if a building is su rrou nd ed by sth,that thing is all around it.

handy tiệ n lợ i, thu ậ n tiệ n INF located near to things you need. SYN convenient.

local th uộ c địa p hư ơ n g located in the area where you live.

disadvantage s ự b ấ t lợ i a situation or thing that is not good or cau ses problems.SYN drawback. OPP advantage.

growth s ự tầ ng lên an increase in size or number.

built -up có nhiề u nhà cao t ả ng with a lot of buildings.

a shame đ iề u đá ng b u ồ n a fact or situation that mak es you fee! disapp ointed.SYNC a pity.

© S am e or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa giống nhau hoặc khác nhau? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► One of the suburbs/areas outside the centre £ ......

1 The ideal /per fect pỉace to live..................

2 A mountainous area/regỉon ....................

3 We need more growth/space....................4 It was a pity/shame.....................

5 A handy/lively area ..................6 It’s a commercial district/area....................

7 It’s a real disadvantage/drawback....................

8 it's a large space/suburb....................

© Complete the sentences with a suitable word - Hoàn ỉhành câu vởi từ ph ù hợp.

► There used to be lots of space, but now it’s a really area.

1 I live in a ................. about two kilometres from the centre.

2 Unfortunately, the whole area is................. by factories, which

is a ...............

3 There are a few ................. shops just round the corner.

4 It’s very ................. because it’s ciose to my children's school and

the place where I work.5 It’s a nice area with great shops; the only ................. is that the bus

service is terrible.

6 We’ve found our .................house: it has absolutely everything wewant.




©ABOUT YOUR AREA Write your answers, or ask another student - Hăy viết câu trả lời, hoặc hỏ i sinh viên kh ác.

1 ỉs your area built-up, or is there a feeling of sp ace?....................

2 What is your home surrounded by? ...........................3 What local shops do you have?...........................

4 Is it a handy place to live for you?......................

5 What are the disadvantages?...............................



166 REVIEW: DESC RIBING THING S

30 I can describe parts of a buildingTôi có thể mô tả các phầ n củ a tòa nhà

A substantial and impressive semi-detached house full of original features, and just a short walk from the town centre.

Inside, the hall lea d s to two spac ious reception rooms and an enormous kitchen, upstairs there are four bedrooms and two bathrooms on the first and second floors, with a narrow staircase to a further bedroom in the attic. There is alsoa basement which could be converted into a separate one-bedroom flat, and a

cellar currently used to store things.Outside, the house has pretty shutters either side of t h e f r o n t w i n d o w s . T h e r e i s a l a w n a t t h e f r o nt , a n d a

d r i v e p r o v i d e s p l e n t y o f p a r k i n g . T h e r e i s a l so a sm a l l

walled garden at the back.

Mộ t ngôi tiìiù lien k ế kiên cố và rấ t ấ n tư ợ ng còn giữ nguyên n h ỉ7ng dặ c trư nq có Ị ừ ban đầ u , và chỉ cách trung tâm thành phổ mộ t quãng đư ờ ng đì bộ .

ơ bôn trong nhà, có mộ t lố i riêng l n dẫ n để n hai phòng khách rấ t rộ ng và mộ t nỉìà bế p cự c kì rộ ng, ơ trên lầ u có bổ n phòng ngủ và hai phòng tẩ m ở túng đầ u tiên và (ầ ttg thử

ỈICLĨ, có mộ t cầ u thang hẹ p dẫ n đế n mộ t phòng ngã khác ở tầ ng Ỉrâỉỉ cùtiíị. Cũ ìig có ỉìiộ t phòng ở dư i hẩ m có th ể đư ợ c ch uy ể n đố i thàn h mộ t căn ỈIỘ r iêng hi ệ t có mộ t p h ò n g n g ủ , và mộ t nhà kho ở dư i h ầ m hiệ n dang đư ợ c dùng đ ể ch ứ a các đồ ’lạ c.

ơ bên ngoài, ngôi nhà có nhữ ng cánh cứ a ch p dề thư ơ ng ở mọ i ph ía củ a cứ a sổ phía trư c, ơ ph ía trư c nhà có mộ t bãi cỏ , và mộ t bãi đậ u xe có nít Ỉiỉiièu không gian de dậ u

xe. Và cũ ììg có mộ t khu vư ờ n nhỏ có tư ờ ng bao bọ c xung quanh nhu.

g l o s s a r y jS f

substantial kiên cố large an d/or strong.

impressive ấ n tư ợ ng (of a building) large and very good to look at.

semi-detached nhầ liên kế joined to one other house, forming a pair of houses.

original tồn tại từ ban đầu e x i s t i n g from the time when sth was first madeor done.

feature đ ặ c trứ ng an im por tan t part of sth, and often a part that you noticelead dả n d ẩ t If sth leads to a place, you can go along it to that place.

spacious rộ ng large, and having a lot of space.

enormous rấ t rộ ng very large. SYN huge. COPP tiny.

staircase day cầu thang a se t of stairs.

attic phòng ở tầ ng trên cù n g the space or room under the roof of a house.



DESCRIBING THING S 167

basement phòng ở tả ng hầ m a room or par t of a building that is partly orcompletely below ground level.

convert sth into sth thay đồ i th ứ gì s ang th ứ khấ c cha nge sth from one form oruse to another.

separa te r i êng b i ệ t n o t c o n n e c t e d o r t o g e th e r .

ce l lar nhà kho ở tầng hầm a n u n d e r g r o u n d r o o m w i t h o u t w i n d o w s , w h e r e

things are often kept.

currently hiệ n tai at the mom en t (NOT actually).

store sth d ự trừ th ứ gì keep sth in a place for

future use. storage rs.

lawn bả i CO an area of grass in a park or garden.

drive ch ồ đ ậ u x e a wide path for cars that leads tothe front door of a house

walled có t ư ờ n g b ao bọ c x u ng qu an h If a garden or other area IS walled, it has a wall around it (a wall is usually made of brick’ or stone2).

passage, corridor, hall _________________________________

A passage is a long, narrow way wi th walls on both sides th at leads somewhere, e.g. an

underground passage.

A c o r r id o r is a passage in a larg e bui lding or on a train . A h al l is a room or small passage just inside the entrance to a house.

Từ passage dùng để ch ỉ một iôl đì dài, có tường ở hai bên dẫn đến nơi nào đó, ví ơụ một lối đi 0 dưởi tẩng hẩm.

Từ corridor dùng để chỉ một lối đi trong một tòa nhà lớn hoặc ở trển tàu iửũ. Từ hall được ơủng để chỉ

một phòng hoặc một lôi đi nhỏ nằm ở phía trong íối vào một ngôi nhà.

O c o rr ec t the spell ing mistakes - Hãy sửa lỗi chính tả.

► starcase 3 seperate ............. 6 spaceious .............

1 ỉmpresive............ 4 attick ............. 7 currently .............

2 kellar ............. 5 basement.. .. ........ 8 fea tur ............

© Circle the correct word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ.

► The fiat is fcubstantial^impressive, but not very attractive.

1 I’m on th e g roun d f loor and my s i st e r lives dow ns ta i r s in the

cellar/basement.

2 There were no seats on the train, so I had to stand in the hall/corridor.

s p o tl i g h t



168 REVIEW: DESC RIBING THINGS

3 There’s a very wide hall/corridor in our flat.

4 He parked his car in the attic/drive.

5 Just after the newsagent’s, there’s a little passage/hall that leadsto the High Street.

6 We’ve got a small field/lawn in the garden where we sit in thesummer.

© Replace the underlined word or phrase with a word or phrase that has the same meaning - Hãy thay thế từ hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ có cùng nghĩa.

► There’s a large living room..

1 The living room is absolutely huge. ..............2 Where do you keep your garden furniture in the winter?..............

3 They’ve got a very small garden ................

4 There’s a very elegant set of stairs up to the first floor................

5 The back door goes into the garden................

6 We could change that room into a bathroom................

© Complete the words in the text - Hoàn thành từ trong bài text.

My bro ther has just bought a very ► .......six-bed roomhouse. It’s a 1930s semi (1) d ...........house, and (2) c ............... it isin terrible condition, but it will be very nice when he has done somework on it. As you approach it, there’s a long (3) d ...............up tothe front door, with enough space for about three cars, inside, the

hall (4) Ỉ............... to the living room, dining room, and kitchen, andfrom the kitchen there are s t a i r s down to a (5) ............... cwherethey plan to (6) s ............... wine and other things. At the back there’s a (7) h ............... garden, big enough for a football pitch, andaround the garden there’s a high stone(8) w ............... There aretwo garages, and they might (9) .............. one into a study.


► At the back, there’s a garden with a huge.taw.*.....

1 One of the m ain............ of the building is the beautiful windows.

2 Can you see the smoke coming out of the ............ ?



INSCRIB ING THINGS 169

3 It’s an old house and it stil l has the ..............windows and fireplaces.

4 There’s a big cupboard in the hall which is useful for ..............

5 1need about 100............ to finish the low wall at the front.

6 I’ll have to go up on the ............to repair the chimney.

© ABOUT YOU Write your answers or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 Have you got shutters at your windows? If so, are they on the outs id e o r i n s i d e ? ....................................

2 Have you got a garden with a lawn? If so, what do you use itf o r ? ......................................

3 Is there an attic in your building? If so, what’s ini t? ....... .............................

4 Have you got a basement or cellar? If so, what are they usedf o r ? .......................................

5 Is there a drive outside your building? ................................

6 Would you describe any r)oms in your home as spacious or t i n y ? ......................................

W i "*"est yourself. Look at the glossary wo rds and cover the ™ meanings . Can you remember the meanings? - Hãy nh ìn

vào từ glos sary và che nghĩa lại. Bạn có th ể nhở nghĩa của từ không?



170 REVIEW: DESCRIBING THI NGS

31 I can describe objectsrT"i * * I 1 A #? À A-Tôi có the mo tá vê vậ t_____________________________________________________£______

A W hat’s it made of?Cái này được làm từ gì?

.1 r n l > l » í * r t v r t *

,1IVỈI\ c;in(llr

Sis'

i i w o o l l e n h l i n l u l

,1 b l ; i i > L - l m ; i ( l r o l w o o l

ỉ 1

• V

hi i s i l i v r í í H K l lc s í it U

ít

ô*-I 1‘I H U T Í ‘U* b r ú ỉ y c

pliiNlit' lovs

; #

a t i u M í i i h u d t T

F R A U i L G

tcriri

Í 1 í o U I m c d i l i t C ' i i r d h o i i r d l » o \

íịlMỊĩMỊỊỊỊ

B l . i i . l i ĩỉỉi r o n r ; i i l i n < is ii wooden fem e /

a ú - t k Y m ; u k ’ V i t w o o d

Noun + noun

Sometimes we use a noun with another noun to say what things are made of,what they are for, etc. A rubber tyre is a tyre made of eubber; a letter box isa box for letters.

C ó k h i c h ủ n g ỉa d ù n g m ộ t d a n h ỉ ừ v ởì m ộ t d a n h t ừ k h á c đ ể n ó i v ậ t đó đ ượ c là m t ứ g ì,nó được dù ng đ ể làm g ì, vv, Từ rub be r ty re là m ộ t lốp xe được làm từ cao su ; l e t t e r box

là m ộ t c á i th ừ n g d ù n g đ ể đ ự n g t hư.

o Circle the most logical word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ phù hợp nhất.

► a ta ble m ad e of f tvoodywool

1 a rubber boot /book

2 a concrete/cardboard wall3 a rubber ladder/tyre4 a wooden/woollen swea te r

5 a wooden/silver fence




6 a silver/woollen medal

7 a wax/wooden candlestick

8 a plastic/concrete toy

9 wax/gold earrings

10 a plastic blanket/pipe

11 concrete/metal railings


► A sweater i s o f ten made o f Wool ..............

1 Jewellery is usually made of s .................or g .................

2 Toys are usually made of w .................or p ..................3 Bathroom and kitchen pipes are usually made of p.................or m ...............

4 A ladder is usually made of w................. or m .................

5 A box can be made of p ................., w................... or c .................

6 A bridge can be made of i................., s.................., or c ..................

^ ^ Test yourself. Look at the pictures and cover the words.

® ™ Can you remember the words? - Hãy nh ìn vào hình ảnh

và che từ lại. Bạn có th ể nhớ từ khô ng?

B Shapes and lines Hình dạ ng và chiề u hư ng

Shdpes Noun Adjet.livo

circlcround. rircLilai*

HBsqiiiì Ì'V SIỊH.IIC

reclangli* reclnngular

Irinnglr Irianyuliir

oval oval

[ìoint poillíctỉ

i r ies

l i

AdjC)( í iv t '

s lraighl

c u r v e d

parnlli‘1

vcrl iral

l io r i /o n t í i l

i l í it u o i l í ll




You can describe the shape of things using shape or "Shaped:

a card in the shape of a heart

a swimming pool in the shape of a leaf

an L-shaped room = a room in the shape of theletter La diamond-shaped buckle K a star-shaped button

Bọn có thế mồ tá hình dạng của vậỉ bằng cách dùng shape hũác shaped:

một tấm thiệp có hình trái tim

một hổ bơi có hình chiếc lá

một căn phóng có hình chữ L

một cái khóa thắt luìig có hình viên kim cương

mộ t Cũ i nút có hình ngôi S30

.1 ....

\ *■ /


► s t r a ... ,

1 p o i n ............. 8 c i r .............

2 L-s h a ............. 9 t r i a n.............

3 c u r ............. l O h o r i z o n .............

4 r e c t a n ............. 11 s q u .............5 V e r t i............... 12 p a r a ] ...............

6 c i r c u ............. 13 d i a m .............

7 r o ......... ’ 14 s .............. - s h a p e d

©Complete the sentences below with words from the box. Hoàn thành câu bên dưới với từ phù hợp được cho trong

khung .square round oval triangular curved diagonal rectangular

straight pointed

► A.fU£££*?.?. line connects opposite corners in a square

1 An egg is ...................

2 A computer screen is usually ........................

3 A DVD is..: ...............4 The box your CD comes in is ....................

5 A shape with three sides is .................




6 A knife is.................at the end.

7 A ball has a.................surface.

8 A ruler is ............ , not curved.

© W h a t can you see in the pictures? - Bạn có thể thấy gì trong hỉnh không?

► a c u tíú o u . /

f S ;1

6

^ Test yoursel f . Look at the pictures and l ines in the table w and co ver the words. Say the wo rds - Hãy nhìn vào

hình ảnh, các đường trong bảng và che từ tại. Hây cho biết từ ở bảng.



174 REVIEW: DESCRIBING THING S

32 I can describe the senses Tôi có thể mô tả về giác quan

A S e e i n g a n d h e a r i n c

___________ »---------------------------------------------

- Nhìn thấ y và nghe ó ếE x a m p l e M e a n i n g

Look’ carefully, and you can see the bridge over the river.

From here it looks2 very small.

look* turn your eyes to sth and pay attention to it .

see know or notice sth using your eyes.

look2 seem from what you can see.

We watched TV for an hour. watch sth look at sth for some time to see

what happens.He appears’ to be very happy.

A dog appeared2 from behind a tree.

appear’ seem.

appear2 If sth appears, you suddenly begin t o s e e i t ,

OPP disappear.

The children stared at the man with the long red hair.

stare at sb/sth look at sb/sth for a long time without moving your eyes.

Jay always notices what I’m wearing

He's very observant.

notice sth see sth and be aware of it.

observant good at noticing things.

He glanced at me and smiled. glance at sb/sth look quickly at sb/sth.

A I can hear something.

B It sounds l ike a child crying.

hear sth receive sounds with your ears without trying.

sound like sth make a noise that is l ike sth.

She listens to the radio a lot. listen pay attention to sth you hear, often for a long t i m e .

I overheard them in the bank. overhear sb hear other people’s conversation by accident .

I’m sorry, I didn’t quite catch what saying; you said.

catch sth hear or understand what sb is usually used when you don't hear or under s tand

s th .

can + sense verbs

We don 't use see, hear, smell, or taste in the continuous tenses; we often use

can (as in the examples above). lean see two boats in this photo, cNOT I-see■orseeing two boats.)

C h ú n g t a k h ô n g d ù n g s e e , h e a r , s m e l l, h o ặ c t a s te ở t h ì t iế p d iễ n ; c h ủ n g ta th ư ờ n g d ù n g c a n ( n h ư t ro n g v í ơ ụ ờ t r ẽ n) . ĩ ô i c ó t h ể n h ì n t h ấ y ư ợ c h a i c h i ế c t h u y ề n t r o n g t ấ m h ì n h n à y , __________________




o Circle the correct answer - Hãy khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► Can youChẽaỊylisten to that noise?

1 D i d y o u n o t i c e / wa t c h t h e c o l o u r o f h e r e y e s?2 I c a n ’t se e / l o o k a t any th ing f rom h e re .

3 Don’t look/watch behind you.

4 How long did you see/watch TV for?

5 1glanced a t / s ta red Jul ia .

6 1see /can see something in your eye .

7 I o ve rh ea rd /ca u g ht a funny story on the bus.

8 W h a t c a n y o u l i s t e n / h e a r ?

© Complete the sen tences with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu với từ phù hợp.

► W hen 1 to ld them , I t ha t t hey bo th looked ve ry su rp r i sed .

1 S h e sa id h er n a m e bu t ỉ’m afraid i d id n ’t .................w h a t it was.

2 1 ............... hear a bird singing. I t................l ike a b lackbi rd .

3 Why is tha t m a n ...............at me ? Have I do ne s om et h in g wr on g?

4 1 sp o k e t o h i m a b o u t th e e x a m. H e d o e s n ’t ............... t o b e

n e r v o u s .

5 Did you see Nad ia las t n ight? I tho ug ht s h e ............... ill.

6 1............... a t my watch and rea l ized i t was t ime to go .

7 Sal ly a lway s no t i ces if Ỉ ch an ge my ha i rs ty le . S h e ’s ve ry ...............

8 A m in ut e a g o sh e w as h ere , th en s h e ................. I d o n ’t kno w w he re

she i s now.

Test yourself . Look at the examples and cover the™ m eanin gs. What do the words in bold m ean ? - Hãy nhìn

vào ví ơụ và che nghĩa lại. Những từ bôi đâm có nghĩa là gi?




B Smelling, tasting, and touching Ngử i, nế m , và va chạ m


sm ell sth I can smell lunch ... notice or recognize sth using your nose.

smell like sth ... it smells like fish. have a smell like the smell ofsth / sth else.

stink INF This to^el stinks. I must

wash it.

have a horrible smell.

flavour They sell 30 flavours of ice cream.

the sensation of sth in your mouth (e,g.a chocolate/ strawberry flavour).

taste Try this wine. It tastes

very strange.

have a particular flavour.

salty The soup is very salty. having the taste of or containing a lot of salt.

bland This cheesi- is quite bland. without miich flavour*.

touch sth When I touched the back wall put your ilngeribn sth.

feel

feel like sth

... it feịt a bit damp

(= a little wet).

give a sensation of or like sth

when touched (e.g. it feels hot, it feels like wood). Ị T2Tl —

press sth If you press that button, you get a ticket.

put your hand or 'Ữ TTT^finger on sth firmly., LL.. I l l ____ j

g rab $th He grabbed my mobile

and ran off.take sth with a sudden movement.

tap sb/sth Someone tajfped me on

the arm.touch sb/sth quickly with your handsor feet.

r ub s th Ị rubbed fche book with a

soft cloth to get the dirt off.

move your hand firmly backwards and

forwards aver the surface of3

th.

Like can mean 'similar to' and it can mean 'such as': _ ■ ■This flower smells l ike honey. (The flower has a smeN simiiaf Ịo ttac of honey.)Some people like Maggie live alone. (Maggie is one example.)

Like eó thể có thể có nghĩa 'tương tư vội’ và nó có thể cù nghĩạ 'như là':

Bông hoa này có mùi giống như là mật ong. v -

Có một số người Chẳng hạn như Maggie sôhg một mình.

spotlight




0 Replace the underlined phrase with a single word that has the same meaning - Thay thếcụm từ được gạch dưởì bằng một từ mà có cùng nghĩa.

► Most cities such as London have a traffic problem..6te. ...........1 This blanket has a horrible smelt. ................2 My towel still feels a little wet................3 The soup is without much flavour............... .

4 The film was similar to his others................5 I put mv hand on the radiator and it felt cold.......... ......

6 She moved her hand firmly over her leg.............. .


► You don’t need salt. It’s already very...^*?i&.....

1 The persimmon is a strange fruit. It looks....... a tomato butdoesn’t ............... taste................one. .

2 They were both...............their feet to the music.

3 ...............the button if you want the receptionist to come.4 Be careful - don’t............... the door. The paint is still wet.5 He................me on the shoulder and asked me to move my head.6 The policeman...............the thief’s arm and pushed him to the

ground. '7 When I came downstairs, I could............... the steak frying; it was

won.................derful.

8 You had ice cream, didn’t you? What........... ...did you have? -Strawberry, but it didn’t ......... ...like strawberry.

Á M Test yourself. Cover the examples and meanings $nd —™ look at the words. What are the meanings? Hãy Che vt

dụ và nghĩa và nhìn vào từ/NghíIà c ăàtù ĩlà gt?



178 REVIEW: DESCRIB ING THINCiS

33 I can describe a painting Tôi có thể mô tả môt bứ c tranh■

T h i s painting, Ba thers ( i t Asnieres by G e o rg es S e u ra t , i l lustrates a typ ica l

s c e n e o f 1 9 t h - c e n tu r y l e i s u r e a n d t h e d e ve lo p in g i n d u s t r y i n t h is s u b u r b of

P a r i s . I n t h e foreground’ a gr o u p of w o r k m e n a r e r e l a x i n g b y t h e r i v e r ; i n

the distance you can just see the factory where they probably work. Everyone i s l o ok i n g o u t a t t h e r i v e r a n d i g n o r i n g e a c h o t h e r , e v e n t h e l i t tl e d og in t h e

bo ttom le ft ha nd corn er2. We can se n se the war m th of the summer’s (lay in the bright sunlight, light colours, and shadows.

Bứ c tranh này, Bathers at A sn ieres do Georges Seurat vẽ , m inh họ a mộ t

c ả n h t ư ợ n g đ ặ c tr ư n g vào g iờ n g hỉ sau kh i là m v iệ c c ủ a th ế k i 19 và n ề n công nghiệ p đang phát t riể n ở vùng ngoạ i ô c ủ a Paris. Ớ cả nh gầ n có mộ t nhóm nh ữ ng công nhân nam đang ngh i ngơ i, th ư g iả n ở bên cạ nh dòng s ôn g; ở c ả n h xa bạ n có th ể t hấ y đư ợ c n h à m á y m à có ỉ ẽ là nơ i l à m việ c củ a họ . T ấ t cả m ọ i ngư ờ i đang nhìn ra ph ía xa dòng sông và chẳ ng hề q u an t â m đ ế n n ha u, t h ậ m c hí k ể cả chứ chó n hỏ đ a n g n ằ m ở gó c b ên t rái

p h ía dư i bứ c tranh. C h ú n g ta có th ể c ả m n h ậ n đư ợ c s ự ấ m áp củ a m ộ t ngày mùa hè t rong ánh n ắ ng m ặ t trờ i sáng rự c, nh ữ nggam màu nhẹ , và cả bóng tố i.




3

4 6 5

2. • V . V .

1 (in) the foreground COPP background

2 (in) the bottom left-han d corner3 (in) the top right-han d corn er

4 (on) the left-hand side5 (on) the right-hand side6 (in) the ce ntre /m iddle (of)

the picture

illustrate sth minh họ a điề u gì explain sth ỉn a pictu re or diagram , illustration N.

scene cả nh tư ợ ng a view you can see in a picture or from the place where you are.

leisure g i ờ n g h i t ime when you do not have to work,

industry n ề n công nghiệ p the production of goods in factories, industrial ADJ.

in the distance ở đầ ng xa far away from you.

just ch i [f you can ju st s ee sth, you can only see it with difficulty.

ignore sb/sth k hô ng c hú ý đ ế n a i / t hứ gì pay no attention to sb/sth.

even th ậ m c hí used for emphasizing sth that is surprising.

sense sth cảm nhận điều gì get a feeling about sth that you can ’t direct ly see or h ear.

warmth s ự áVn áp a plea san t heat.

bright sang having a lot of light. COPP dark, brightness N

w and dra wing

Bathers at Asnieres is a painting . Seurat was a painter or a rtist ( a rtist is a moregeneral word), paint V.

A drawing is a picture made with a penci l or pen, but not pai n t draw V.

I paint a lot of portraits.

I can't draw faces very well.Bathers at Asnieres là một bức tranh. Seurat là một họa sĩ hoặc một nghệ sĩ.

(artist là một từ cố ý nghĩa khái quát hơn).

A drawing là từ dùng để chỉ một hình vẽ được vẽ bằng bút chỉ hoặc bút mực chứ không được vẽ bằng sơn ơầu.

Tôi vẽ rất nhiều bức chân dung.

Tôi không thể vẽ đẹp những khuôn mặt__________________________________________________



180 REVIEW: DESCRIB ING THI NGS

©Look at the big picture on the previous page. Write youranswers to the questions- Hãy nhìn vào bức tranh lớn ớ trang trước. Hãy viết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi.

► Where is the man in the red swimming costume si t t ing? ..........I VCtttfc *úcfeí£e oỊị tke Ịợíctu.A.e

1 How ma ny peop le a re the re in the fo reground? . .........................

2 Are the boats in the foreground or the background?. . . ......................

3 A re t h e m e n sit tin g in th e s h a d e ? ............................

4 Is the dog in the bottom left-hand corner?...........................

5 Can you see the dog’s shadow?...........................

6 Is the picture a drawing or a painting?.. . . . . . . ..... ..........

7 Where are the factories?...........................

8 On which side of the picture is the boy in the river? ......... ................

9 Are the colours dark or bright?...........................

10 On which side is the man wearing the light-coloured hat?

©Cover the glossary on the previous page . Complete the' definitions - Hãy che từ glossary ở trang trước. Hoàn thành định nghĩa của từ.

► even = used to emphasize something that is .........

1 ig no re = p a y .................... a t ten t ion to som eon e or something

2 leisure = time when you don’t have to ....................

3 sense = have a ...................aix)ut something that you can’t see or

hea r 4 sh ad e = a place which is ....................and cool because the sun

doesn ' t sh ine the re

5 sce ne = a view you ca n .................... in a picture or from the placewhere you are

6 bright = having a lot of ....................

Ỡ Put the w ords in order. Use contractions, e.g. it’s, they ’re. -Hãy đặt từ theo thứ tự. Dùng dạng rút gọn, ví dụ: i t ’s, they're-

► dog / foreground / the / in / is /

1 the / it/you / see / in / can / distance........................................................

2 bottom / the / corner / he / is / in / lying / left-hand .................................




3 of / r ight -hand / i s / on / the / i t / s ide / the/ pain t ing? ..............

4 they / the / cen t re / d rawing / o f / a re / in / s i t t ing / the ..............

5 in / lef t-hand / some / there / corner / are / t rees / top / the ............

0 Complete the sentences with one word from each pair- Hoá/7 thành câu với từ ở mỗi cặp từ thích hợp.

warm/warmtfi bright/brightness just/even illustrate/illustration

industry/industrial painter/painting shade/shad ow

► This painter often uses dark colours, nottuui&iiLt.. ones.

1 He p ai nte d m a n y .............. scenes of factories and factory workers .2 T h e p a i n t i n g s ............... t h e f r i en d s h i p b e t ween t h e t h ree wo men .

3 You can feel the ................of the sun shining down on you.

4 You can see the ........................ on the wall in the art gallery.

5 People go swimming in the river, .............. in winter when it is cold.

6 It’s so hot! Shall we go and sit in the

© ABOUT YOU Think about a painting you know and like. Writeyour answers, or ask another student. Hãy nói vể bức tranh mà bạn biết và thích. Viết cảu trả lời, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 W hat ’s the na m e of the a rt i st who pa in ted i t ? ....................................

2 Do you know when it was p a in ted? ....................................

3 W hat do es the painting illustrate?............................. .

4 W h a t d o y o u l ik e ab o u t t h e p a i n t i n g ? .................................

5 Do you do an y painting or drawing yourself? If so, what do you

d o ? .....................................



182 REVIEW: DES CRIBING THING S

34 Ican describe actionsTôi có thể mô tả các hành độ ngA Using your hands - Dùng tay củ a bạ n ồ 'ể

Don't squeeze the tube in the middle!

Đừ ng vd n chậ t cái ố ng n ày ở p hầ n giữ a ỉ

She’s tearing the letter up,Cô ấ y đang xé toạ c lủ thư

Ile dragged Ihc cabinet a c r o s s Ihe ([(Kir

Anh ta dã kéo chiế c tỉiùng đi trên sún lỉỉiá

&

Shake t h e b o t t l e

d o or . o f t h e b o x. b e f o r e o p e n in g i t.

Anh ta đã gõ cử a Anh ấ y dã rạ ch nắ p hộ p

H e knocked o n t h e H e scratched t h e lid

Hãy lắ c kỳ cái chai này trư c khi mở nó ra

T h e thie í smashed lỉu* w in do w .

Tên t rộ m đã đậ p vờ cử a sổ .

She folded (he ỊVdỊXT

in hul l / in two.

Cô ấ y đã gấ p đôi tờ gi ấ y.

SỈ 1L*sprsiycd ihc leaves will ì Wilier.

Cô ấ y đã xịt H Ớ C lẽ n lá cây.

O c a n you do these th ings? Write Yes or No. Bạn có thể làm những việc này không? Hãy viết Yes hoặc No.

► smash a tube o f t oo thpas t e / / ? . . 5 s q u e e z e a w e t j u m p e r t o g et

w a t e r o u t .......

1 fo ld a sheet in hal f ..... 6 knock on water. . . . . . . .



DESCRIBING THING S 183

2 s c r a t c h c o f f e e ........ 7 t e a r up a c a b in e t .......

3 drag a sui tcase a long a path. . . . . . 8 sha ke a t i n o f pa in t .......

4 sp r a y pe r f um e on your se l f ........

©Complete the sentences with verbs from the box in thecorrect form - Hoàn thành câu vởi động từ đả cho ở khung theo dạng đúng.

s p r a y k n o c k s s c r a t c h d r a g sm a sh f o ld t e a r up sha ke sque e z e

► 1 wa s w ok en up by s om eo ne ....kự>c£ív&.. on my window.

1 T h e bo a t w as inc red ibly h ea vy s o we had t o .................it do w n th e

b e ac h to the sea.2 ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .all my old bank documents and threw them away.

3 H e .................his scarf and put i t on the table .

4 Don’t ..............r tha t bo t t le o f spa rk l ing wate r be fore yo u o pe n it.

5 He k icked the ba l l ha rd and unfor tuna te ly ................ t h e n e i g h b o u r ’ s

window.

6 You ’ll ne ed to ab ou t six or an ge s to ma ke a glass of juice.

7 My li t t le brother took a nail and ................ the s ide of the car . Mydad was furious.

8 She put on her make-up and ................. perfum e behind her ears.

Tes t yourself. Look at the p ictures an d cover the words.Can you remember the senten xc es? - Hãy nhìn vào bức hình và che từ lại. Bạn có thể nhớ từ không?

B Making noises - Làm ồnWord Example Meaning

sh ou t Don't sh out! I can hear you. speak in a loud voice.

whisper He whispered i love you’ in speak very quietly so that other peopleher ear. can’t hear you.

cry T he ba by n ex t door cr ie d a l l tears drops of l iquid tha t come

n i g h t V : w out f rom your e ye s w hen yuu cry.

scream The plane dropped suddenly cry out in a high voice b e c a u s e

a r d we scr eam ed . you are in pain, upset , f r ightened, etc.

bu rst into He sat down and burst s t a r t c r y i n g s u d d e n l y ,

tears into tears.

burst ou t I w a l k e d i n t o the r o o m and s t a r t l a u g h in g s u d d e n l y .




laughing

breathe(in/out)

sigh

sneeze

they all burst out laughing.

Breathe in, count to ten, take air into your lungs and I(*i. it outand then breathe out. again, breath N.

He sat down and sighed: lot out a long deep breath that shows

it had been a hard decision. you are sad, bored, relieved, etc.I’ve got a terrible cold;

I’ve be'Ml sneezing all day. ^ sneezing

loud, out loud/ aloud, silent silence

loud means 'making a lot of noise' OPP silent, silence N, The radio's too loud. We worked in silence.

If you speak out loud (FYN aloud) you speak so that people can hear you.I read the letter out loud / aloud to my father.

Loud có nghĩa ‘gây ra nhiều tiếng ổn ■

Chiếc raơio này quá ồn, Chúng tôi đã im lặng iàm việc

Nếu bạn nói to lên bạn nói làm sao người khác có thể nghe được tan.

Tôi đã đọc lá thư to lên cho cha tôi nghe.

o Complete the sen ten ce s with a suitable word or ph rase -

Hoàn thành câu với từ hoặc cụm từ phù hợp.► If you shout angrily at a child, they might.Sift,.. .

your mouth .

5 I f you don’ t wan t t o be heard when you’ re speak ing to someone ,y o u s h o u l d ....................

6 I f you are very re l ieved that someth ing has gone wel l , you might

7 I f you sudden ly ge t some very sad news , you migh t ....................

8 If your friend isn’t looking and a car is coming, you would ................to him.

9 if all the class wanted to hear a short story you’ve written, youcould read i t....................

10 The room was comple te ly ...............; no one said a word-

11 If you upset her, she will burst into...................

12 You can’ t speak in an exam; you mus t work in . . . . .............

1 W hen yo u ha ve a cold, you might

2 If you eat onions, your ...........

.......a lot.

m i g h t s m e l l .

*3 If something ỈS incredibly funny, you might ...............

4 If your nose is blocked, you have to ................ and out t h r o u g h



©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student.When did you last... Hãy viết câu trả lời, hoặc hỏi sinh viênkhác

1 hear som eon e screaming? Who was it. and wh y? ............................

2 burst out laughinq? Why?...........................................

3 whisper to someone? Why?...........................................

4 read something out loud? What was i t? ..........................................

DESCRIBING THINGS _________________________________________ 1S5



186 REVIEW: DESCRIBI NG THING S

Review: Describing things Ôn tậ p: Mô tả đồ vậ tUnit 29

1 True or fa lse? Write T or F - Các câu này đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► You have to pay to go th rough a subway .c i^ . . . .

1

The suburbs o f a c i ty a re the a reas where peop le w i th ve ry l i t t l em o n e y l iv e ............

2 It ’s dep res s in g if your ho m e is sur rou nd ed by l it te r ......

3 A mul t i - s to rey ca r pa rk has on ly one f loo r ...........

4 T h e p a v e m e n t i s w h e r e p e o p l e w a l k ...................

5 The inner c i ty i s of ten qui te bui l t -up ...............

6 Having local shops near your home isn’ t very convenient . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài text

► The tUU/úrá . . .where 1 l ive now is very c lean — not l ike the area 1

used to l ive in , which was ( 1 ) f ........... I t ’s a l s o q u i t e ( 2 )

1............ b e c a u s e t h e r e a re s e v e ra l c a fs a n d r e s t a u r a n t s r o u n d th e

corner , bu t the re i sn ’ t a supermarke t nea rby , wh ich i s a (3 ) p ...........

Not far aw ay , there’s p len ty of o p e n (4) s .......... . . to go for walks, and

it’s also very (5) h ........... be ca us e I’m c lose to the s t a tion , so Íca n get to work easily. Wh ere I lived before, you u se d to se e lots of (6 ) g ............. on the subw ay wall s, an d pe op le s i tt ing on the

p a v e m e n t (7) b ........... f or m on ey . Bu t the re is on e (8 ) d ........... to

w her e 1 live now: m y friends live in the older p art of town, so 1 seethem less often.

Unit 301 Write a sentence linking a word on the left with a word on

the right - Hãy viết câu bằng cách iên kết một từ ở bên trái với một từ ở bên phải.

w i n d o w s ' ^ fro nt d o o r




s e m i - d e t a c h e d s t o r a g e

c h i m n e y h o u s e

ce l l a r ga rden

lawn shut ters sdr ive roo f

**.c q U ciu&ikuttexi on tke i*4tde ox ouLỈiĩcỉe

Unit 31

1 Complete the phra se s with words from the box - Hoàn thành cụm từ với từ được cho trong khung.

i ron wool len wax rubber wooden gold s tee l s c o n c r e te c a r d b o a r d

^ a i teef. . p ipe 3 a ..... .....candle 6 a. . . . box

1 a . fence 4 a ..... , m edal 7 . . railings

2 a . . tyre 5 a ....... b lan k e t 8 a , ,,b r id g e

2 Answer the questions - Hãy trả lời câu hỏi .

► What sh ap e is a t riangle?

1 W h a t s h a p e is a t y r e ? ........................

2 H o w m a n y s i d e s d o e s a r e c t a n g l e h a v e ? .........................

3 When people sleep are they vertical or horizontal?.........................

4 W h at s h a p e h a s four eq u al sid es ? a .........................

5 Wha t k inds o f l i ne s a lways have the same d i s t ance be tween them?

l ines

6 W h at ki nd of line d o e s n ’t h av e c u rv es ? a .........................line




Unit 32

1 Match 1-8 with a—i - Hãy kết các càu từ 1 đến 8 vởi các câu

từ a đến ị.► pay attentio n to som ething you hear . .c. .. . a touch

1 l o o k a t s o m e t h i n g o r s o m e o n e q u i c k l y ...... b s tare a t

2 n o t i c e s o m e t h i n g us in g y o u r n o s e ..... c listen to

3 p u t y o u r h a n d s o r f i n g e r s o n s o m e t h i n g ...... d tap

4 touch something quickly with your hands or feet ...... e overhear

5 ha v e a p ar ti cu la r fla vo ur ............ f sm elỉ

6 l ook a t someth ing o r someone fo r a long t i m e ..........g ta s te

7 b ec o m e im pos s ib le to see or f ind ....... h g la nc e a t

8 h e a r s o m e o n e ’s c o n v e r s a ti o n by a c c i d e n t .... i d i s a pp ea r

Unit 33

1 Complete the text with the words from the box In the correctform - Hoàn thành bài text với từ được cho trong khung theo dạng đúng.

d i s t a n c e s c e n e p a i n t i n g * ^ s h a d e a r t i s t i g n o r e h a n d f o r e g r o u n d j u s t

T h e ► a F r e n c h ( 1 ) .......................i ll us tr ates a ( 2 ) ..o f p e a c e

and happ ines s . There i s a mother p lay ing wi th he r smal l daugh te r

in the (3 ) ........... , a n d i n t h e b a c k g r o u n d a n o l d e r w o m a n i s w a t c h ing them. Beh ind her , you can (4 ) ........... see one s ide o f a ga rden

ga te , and in the (5 ) ........... an o ld house , pe rhaps where they a l l l ive .

I t ’ s obvious ly a warm day , but they are p lay ing in the ( 6 ) ........... ,

to pro tec t the smal l ch i ld f rom the hot sun . F inal ly , in the bot tom

(7) r igh t -co rne r of the pain t ing , the re is a m an . H e’s (8 ) ............

t h e m o th e r an d d au g h te r , an d s eem s m u ch m o r e i n t e r e s t ed i n w h a t

is happening on his r ight — but that i s outs ide the p ic ture , so we’ l l

n ev e r k n o w w h a t f a s c in a t e s h im .




Unit 34

1 One word is wrong in each line. Cross it out and write thecorrect one at the end - Có một từ sai trong mỗi câu. Hày

gạch bỏ đi và viết một từ đúng ở cuối câu .► Did you hear someone s fe feam? .............

1 The poli ce had to stash the door o p e n ...........................

2 Don’ t bear up tha t paper — we can use i t aga in ..........................

3 I f you sold that in two, you can put i t in this envelope .....................

4 He strayed us with water ..........................

5 The l i t t l e g i r l was f ry ing because her dog had d i sappeared . . . .6 He burn t in to tears for no reason a t a l l ..........................

7 She s igned nois i ly and lef t the room ...........................

8 Don’ t snake tha t — i t migh t exp lode! ..........................

9 I s aw her b ragg ing an eno rm ous box a long the s t r ee t ...................



19« REVIEW: SOCIAL AND P OLI TIC AL ISSUES

35 I can talk about crimeTôi có thể nóỉ về việ c làm phạ m phápA What is crime a

Việ c làm phạ m pháp là gì?C r i m e i s a c t i v i t y w h i c h i s a g a i n s t t h e l aw : f or e x a m p l e , i f y ou s t e a l s o m e o n e ’s p r o p e r ty , you a r e c o m m i t t i n g a c r im e a n d b r e a k i n g t h e law . S o m e o ffe nc e s a r eo n l y m i n o r , e . g . i l l e g a l p a r k i n g ; b u t f o r m o r e s e r i o u s a n d e s p e c i a l l y v i o l e n tc r i m e s , e .g . k i l l i n g o r a t t a c k i n g s o m e o n e , a p e r s o n c ou ld go t o p r i s o n fo r a l o n gt i m e .

Việ c làm pỉ i ạ m pháp là hành độ ng trái v i pháp luậ p: Chẳ ng hạ n, nế u như bạ n ăn cắ p dồ đạ c củ a ngư ờ i khác, thì bạ n đang làm việ c phạ m pháp và trái v i

pìiáp luậ t . Có mộ t số hành đ ộ ng phạ m pháp không nghiêm trọ ng lắ m, ch ẳ ng hạ n đ ậ u xe trái quy định như ng c ũ ng có mộ t số hành độ ng p ỉ iạ m pháp mang t inh nghiêm trọ ng hơ n vả đặ c biệ t là nhừ ng hành độ ng bạ o lự c., chẳ ng hạ n giế t ngư ờ i hoặ c tấ n công ngư ờ i khác, ngư ờ i gây ra hành độ ng này có thể ở tù trong mộ t thờ i gian dài.

crime ___________________________________________

The noun cr im e Còn be countable and uncountable.

There are many victims of violent crime (u).

It is a crime (c) to avoid paying tax.

Danh từ crime có thể đếm được và không đếm được.Có rất nhiều nạn nhẫn của tội ác bạo lực này.

Việc trốn không nộp thuế là phạm pháp.

Glossaryagainst the law trái Ư Ở Ỉ p h á p l uậ t against the rules of a country. SYN illegal.

OPP legal

steal sth ân c ắ p PT stole take sth belonging to sb else without permission

pp stolen

property đồ đ ạ c c ủ a cả i sth that belongs to you (e.g. a computer, jewellery

commit p h ạ m tộ i a crime do sth illegal.

break the law không tuân theo luậ t phá p do sth illegal/against the law. COPPobey the law.

offence hà nh đ ộ ng p hạ m ph ấ p an illegal activity. SYN crime. (The personis an offender / a criminal.)

s p o t l i g h t



SOC IAL AND POLI TIC AL ISSUES 191

minor không nghiêm trọ ng not important. COPP serious.

violent mang t ính b ạ o lự c using force to hurt sb physically, violence N.

kill sb giế t ngư ờ i make sb die.

attack sb đ án h đ ậ p ngư ờ i kh ác start fighting or hurting sb.

go to prison uầ o ng ồ i tù go to a place where criminals have to stay after

com mit ting a crime. SYN go to jail.

o Circle the verbs below. Don’t circle the other vvordố - Hãy khoanh tròn động từ bên dưới. Đừng khoanh tròn từ khác.

o f f e n c e m i n o rCk i 1 Dv i o l e n t l a w s t e a l c r i m e p r i s

o n c o m m i t i l l e g a l s e r i o u s a t t a c k c r i m i n a l o f f e

n d o b e y

o Is the m ean ing the same or different? Write s or D - Những từ này có cùng nghĩa hoặc khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► s t ea l 1 t a k e s o m e t h i n g b el on g in g t o s o m e o n e w i th o u t p e r m i s s i o n .5

1 illegal 1 a g a in st th e law.......... 5 crim inal 1o ff en d er ........

1 an offence 1a cr ime ......... 6 com mit a crime I break the law........

3 legal I illegal .......... 7 prison 1jai l..........

4 kill someon e 1attack som eone .....8 minor crime 1serious crime.........

© Complete the sen tenc es using a word from the box. Put theve rbs in the correct form - Hoàn thành câu bằng cách dùng từ đã cho trong khung. Hãy đặt động từ theo dạng đúng.

v i o l e n t s e r i o u s a g a i n s t b r e a k p r o p e r t y s t e a l j a i l m i n o r v i o l e n c e

g o V a t t a c k

► Sh e d i d s o m et h i n g t e rr ib l e, an d 1 h ea rd t h a t s h e p r is o n .

1 T h e re is a lot O Í ..................in the centre of town at night.

2 A group of b o y s . . ............ the man, but fortunately he wasn’t badly hurt.

3 T h e y o u n g m a n ..................my b ike and so ld i t in the marke t .

4 ..................was s to len f rom severa l houses in the s t ree t l as t n igh t .

b i t was a very .................. c r ime; severa l peo p le had to go to hosp i t a l.6 He c om m itted a crime, and he ’ll probably go to ................ for a long time .

7 I’ve never .................. the law.

8 He parked in the wrong p lace ; i t was on ly a ..................offence , bu t

it’s still the law.



192 REVIEW: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES

0 A Test yourself . Look a t the g lossary words and cover themea nings. Can you remember the m ean ings ? - Hãy nhìn vào từ Ở glossary và che nghĩa lại. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của từ không?

B Types of crime - Các loạ i tộ i phạ mCrim e The crime of ...

theft ... t a k i n g s o m e t h i n g w h i ch

belongs to someone else

without permission.

. . . s t e a l ing f r om a pe r son

or place, often using violence.

... entering a building illegally

and stealing things from it

shoplifting...s t e a l i n g t h i n g s f r o m

a shop .

mugging ... attacking someone in a p u b l i c p la c e i n o r d e r to

steal from them.assault . . . h u r t i n g s o m e o n e

physically.

robbery

burglary

Verb Criminal

He steals cars and sells them, thief

They were planning to rob robber

the bank.

They broke into the house burglarand stole some jewellery.

She stole n shirt the supermarket, shoplifter

He mugged people for their money mugger late at night.

He assaulted/attacked a man. He stabbed’ him.

attacker

murder ... killing someone deliberately(=you wanted or planned to do it)

steal and mb

You steal money or things, but you rob a person or place. Someone has sto len my bike. Thieves stole €2000 from the shop.

I was robbed at the football match. They robbed the museum last night.

Từ steal được dùng để chỉ hành động ăn cắp tiền hoặc ăn cắp ơồ đạc, nhưng từ rob ơược dùng đẽ chỉ hành động ăn cướp ở một nơi nào đó hoặc cướp đồ của một người

nào đó. Có ai đó đã lấy cắp xe đạp của tôi. Những tên ăn trộm ớã lấy cắp 2000 Euro của cửa hàng này.

ở trận thi đấu bóng đá ỉôi đã bì cưởp. Tôl hôm qua bọn họ đã ơến cướp viện bảo tàng này.

2

He murdered his neighbour, y ^ y m u r d e r e r Why did he shoot him? —-J



SOCIAL AN D POLITICAL ISSUES 193

0 One word in each sentence is wrong. Cross it out - Có một từ trong câu là sai. Hãy gạch bỏ nó đi.

► Thieves, robbers, murderers, and burglars all steal property.

Ĩ Rob, steal, murder, and attacker are all verbs.all acts of violence.

2 Theft, mug, robbery, and assault are all crimes .

3. Shooting, assaulting, stabbing, and braking into are all ways ofattacking people physically.

4. Mugging, assault, shoplifting, and murder are all acts of violence

5 Mugger , shoplifter, thief, and burglary are all criminals.

0 Complete the sentences ■Hoàn thành câu.

► The thief 1000.

1 Two ro b b er s ............ in to the museum and ..............three paintings. Aguard tr ied to s top them, but one robber had aknife and............. him in the chest.

2. The driver kill ed a man, but it wasn’t murder, because he didn’t do

it.................

3 . S o me o n e ............. me on the way home last night. He had a gun andsaid he would................me if I didn’t give him money and my mobile

phone. It was horrible.

4. He will be in prison for the rest of his life for...............his wife. He bought a gun a n d ................................................. her while she was asleep.

5. A ............. b roke onto our house and took Olir jewellery and cam eras .

6. the three men ................. that bank because it was in a very quiet area.

Q M Test your self, look at the crimes, and cover the other three columns. Can you remember the meanings andthe ve rbs ? - Hãy nhìn vào các loại tội phạm , và che bacột khác . bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa và động từ đó không?




36 I can describe the justice system Tôi có thể nói về hệ thố ng tòa án

Cả nh sát có thể l ấ y đôi t ư ợ ng bị tình nghi và sát sẽ buộ c t ộ i kẻ bị t ình nghid ấ u văn tay h oặ c bđt g iữ h ắ n. và anh ta sẽ bị xét x ử tạ i tòa án.chụ p ả nh hiệ n trư ờ ng nơ i mà hành vỉ phạ m tộ i xả y ra.

report sth thông báo uiệ c gì give information that sth has h a p p e n e d .

victim nạ n nhẫ n a person who has been robbed, injured, etc.investigate sth đi ề u tra ư iệ c gì try to find out about sth.

witness nhân chứ ng a person who sees sth happen (e.g. a crime or an accident).

may có thể we use may to say that sth is possible. SYNC might.

take place x ả y ra happen.

A A police investigationCuộ c điề u tra củ a cả nh sát

A crime is reported tothe police, usually by the victim.

M ộ t hành đ ộ ng ph ạ m tộ i dư ợ c thông báo cho c ả nh sát biế t, t hư ờ ng là do nạ n nhân thông báo.

The police investigateit The victim and witnesses tell the police what they know

Cả nh sá t sẽ đ iề u t ra vụ việ c này . N ạ n n h â n và nhân ch ứ ng báo cho c ả nh sá t n h ữ n g gì họ b iế t đư ợ c.

Th c p o l i i v m ny l ii kc ' ỉ ỉ possihk*. l l ìcv 11 IÍK T(‘ i s íMiough c v u lm t T .

fingerprints . or Uikc c a íđ i i hcsuspcc t i hcv w i l l d ia r g i1 iho susptA'1

pho los w here l l'U‘ and i i rrcs t h im . i i i i í ! h r wi l l i io lo courtc r ime look pliKT. Nế u có tỉiể , cả nh sút tìm Nế u như cỏ dí bang chứ ng. Cả nh



SOCIAL AND PO LI TI CA L ISSUES 195

catch sb PT caught pp caught tỉm uà bắ t find and hold sb.

suspect k ẻ bị tình nghi ph ạ m tộ i a person who the police think has committeda crime.

ev idenc e b ằ n g c h ứ n g facts, signs, or objects that make you believe sth is true.

charge sb b u ộ c tộ i ai (of the police) say officially that they believe sb hasdone sth illegal.

o Circle the correct word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ đúng.

When a robb ery h as (fa k en plac e) re ported, s om eo ne will (1) invest igate/report i t to the pol ice.(2) Vict ims/Suspects and witnesses wil ltell the police what they saw. After that, the police will begin to (3)

inves t iga te /charge the c r ime. They may t ake photos and t ake (4)f inge rpr in t s / susp ec t s where the robbery (5) took p lace /caug ht . They(6) will /m ay c atc h the (7) su sp ec t/v icti rn ; if they do, they will (8)rep or t /arre st him. If they have enou gh (9) ev iden ce/v ict im s, they will(10) catch/charge the suspect , and he wi l l have to go to (11) court /the pol ice stat ion.

©Answer the questions. One question has more than one

answer. Hãy trả lời câu hỏi. Một câu hỏi có nhiều cảu trả lồi.

4 W ho h as to find th e e v id e n c e ? T l t e . ...........

1 W ho ta k e s f in g e r p r in t s ? ..............................

2 W h o i s ch a r g e d ? ...............................

3 W h o i n v es t ig a t e s t h e c r i m e ? ..............................

4 W h o is h u r t b y t h e c r i m e ? ..............................

5 W h o is c a u g h t ? ..............................

6 Who usual ly repor t s the c r i m e ? .............................

8 Who s ees t he cr im e t ake p l a c e ? .............................

7 Who i s a r res ted? .............................

Test yourself. Cover the w ords in the glo ssa ry and look^ ™ at the meanings. - Can you remember the w ords? - Hãy

che từ Ở glossary và nhìn vào nghĩa. Bạn có th ể nhở từ không?




B In court - Tạ i tòa ánIn Britain, serious crimes such as robbery and murder are tried by a judge* and

jury2. At the trial, the prosecution aims to prove that the accused* (or defendant) has committed the crime; the defence aims to prove he is innocent.

At the end, the jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. If he is guilty, he is sentenced by the judge. He may get a fine or a prison sentence.

Ở nư c A n h , nhữ ng vụ ph ạ m tộ i nghiêm tr ọ ng nh ư là vụ ăn cư p và vụ gi ế t ngư ờ i có tỉ iể bị xét x ử bở i mộ t th ẩ m phán và bồ i th ẩ m đoàn, Tạ i pìiién tòa xét

x ử luậ t sư củ a bên nguyê n tìm cách đ ể chử ng tỏ ràng bị cáo đã gây nên tộ i; còn luậ t s ư c ủ a bị cáo tìm mọ i cách dế chứ ng minh bị cáo là vô tộ i.

Cuố i cùng, bồ i thẩ m đoàn quyế t địn h xem bị cáo có tộ i hay là không có tộ i. Nế u bị cáo có tộ i, anh ta sẽ bị thẩ m phán tuyên án. Anh ta có thể phả i nộ p ti ề n phạ t hoặ c phả i chịu lãnh án tù.

Glossary

try sb x é t x ử at ask questions and listen to evidence in court to decide if sbhas done Sth illegal.

trial ph iên tòã x é t x ử an examination of evidence in court to decide if sb has

done sth illegal.the prosecut ion luậ t s ư b ẽ n n gu yên the lawyers who try to prove that the

accu sed person has comm itted a crime, prose cute sb V.

prove sth c h ứ n g m in h đ iề u gì give evidence to show that sth is true, proof N.

the defence luậ t s ư c ủ a bị cáo the lawyers who try to prove that the accused person has not commited t h e crime, defend sb V.



SOCIAL AND POLI TIC AL ISSUES 197

innocent oô tộ i If you are innocent, you have done nothing wrong. COPP guilty.

sentence sb tuyên an cho ai tell sb who is guilty what they will hav e to do,e.g. go to prison.sentence N.

fine tiề n p h ạ t a su m of mon ey you have to pa y if you bre ak a law. fine sb V.

0 True or false? Write T or F - Nghĩa của câu đúng hay sai. Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► In serious cr imes, the judge decid es w hether the a cc us ed is guil tyor not . / : . . . .

1 The pro secu tion defe nds the accu sed.

2 T h e d e f e n d a n t is s e n t e n c e d b y t h e j u d g e .

3 I f the ju ry dec ides the de fendan t i s innocen t , he may go to p r i son .

4 With ser ious cr imes , the jury decides whiz the sentence wi l l be

5 T h e d e f e n c e a i m s t o p ro v e th a t th e a c c u s e d d id n o t c o m m i t th e

c r i m e .

6 I f the accused is guil ty , he may get a f ine.

7 The judge has to p rove whe ther the de fendan t i s gu i l ty o r no t8 Tr ia ls take p lace in a cour t .

© Complete the se nten ces using the words on the right in thecorrect form - Hoàn thành câu bằng việc dùng từ ở bên phải theo dạng đúng.

4 He may get a prison 4£M&Muoe.... SENTENCE

1 The accused is......... by the judge and jury. TRY2 The defence must .that the accused is innocent . PROOF

3 The has to show that the accused committed the crime. PROSECUTE

4 If the.‘.......... is guilty, he may go to prison. DEFEND

5 The guilty person is .............. by the judge. SENTENCE

6 A ................................. ta kes place in court. TRY

nghĩa của glossary và nhìn vào từ. Bạn có th ể nhớ nghĩa

của từ không?



198 REVIEW: SOCIAL AND POL ITIC AL ISSUES

37 I can discuss health issues Tôi có thể thả o luậ n về các van đề

sứ c khỏ eA Diseases common among younger people^

C c bênh tât thư ờ ng xả y ra v i nhữ ng ngư ờ i trẻ tuổ i

'Nowadays fewer children suffer from infectious diseases, but the number oP children around the world with asthma has increased. Doctors believe that the b re ath in g difficulties of asthma s u f f e r e r s are often caused by allergies to smoke, food, or pollution. There has also been a dramatic increase in obesity in young people in the last 20 years. Amongst other things, it can lead to heart attacks, diabetes, and depression.

Ngày nay có rấ t ít trẻ em bị nhiễ m các loạ ị bệ nh lây nhiễ m, như ng số tr ẻ em trên thế gi i bị mắ c bệ nh hen suyễ n đã tăng lên. Các bác sĩ tin ràng chứ ng khó th ở củ a nh ữ ng ngư ờ i hen suyễ n thư ờ ng dư ợ c gây nên bở i sự d ị ứ ng Ư Ớ Ĩ khói, thứ c ăn, hoặ c s ự ô nhi ễ m. Trong vòng 20 năm vừ a qua, s ố ngư ờ i trẻ tuổ i .mắ c

bệ nh béo phì củ ng tăng lên độ t ngộ t . Hơ n thế nữ a cãìi bệ nh này củ ng có thể y ^ d ẫ n đen các loạ i bệ nỉ i về tim, bệ nh ti ể u đư ờ ng và bệ nh tr ầ m cả m.___________ Ả

Glossary

suffer from sth bị m ẩ c b ệ n h gì have the experience of sth bad.

infectious có tính lầ y rìhỉề m An infectious disease passes easily from personto person, infection N.

disease bệ n h tậ t an illness (e.g. skin disease, kidney disease).

as thma b ệ n h h en su y ể n a medical condition which makes it difficult to breathe.

increase tẫ ng lên get larger in number or amount, increase N. OPP decrease V, N.

breathe th ở (in/ ou t) tak e air into

your lungs (see picture) and

let it out again.

allergy s ự dị ứ ng a med ical condition that ma ke s you ill when you touch,eat, or breathe sth that doesn’t normally make other people ill. allergic ADJ.

dramatic độ t ngộ t sudden and surprising.

obesity b ệ n h b éo p h i the state of being so fat that you are unhealthy,obese ADJ.

lead to sth d ẩ n t i đ iề u gì cause or have sth as a result, often sth bad.



SOCIAL AND POL ITI CA L ISSUES 199

heart attack b ệ n h tỉm When sb has a hea rt att ac 1'

their heart (see picture) suddenly stops

working normally.

diabetes bệ n h tiể u đư ờ ng a dise ase in which your body c a n ’t control thelevel of sugar in the blood, diabetic ADJ.

depression b ệ n h trả m cả m a feeling of being very unhappy (this can also be an il lness) , depressed ADJ.

o Write the related adjective - Hãy viết tính từ liên quan.

► infec t ion .......

1 allergy .........................

2 obesity .........................

3 d e p r e s s i o n ..........................

4 d iabetes .........................

© C irc le the correct word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► Breath ing problems can be caused by (as thm§| / depress ion .

1 D iab ete s/A sth m a is related to sugar in th blood.2 She has a food a l lergy/as thma.

3 Diseases /As thma can be in fec t ious .

4 Ins tances o f a s thma have inc reased /decreased .

5 T he i nc r e a s e i s d r a m a t i c / i n f e c t i ous .

6 H e ha d a he a r t / l ung a t t a c k .

© Complete the sente nc es - Hoàn thành câu.► If you ha ve b reat hin g difficulties, you ma y be suffering from Afcfe* .

1 1can e at m os t things, but I’m .............. to seafood . I t m ak e s m e really ill.

2 So m an y c h i ld r en ea t j unk food ; we have a big p rob lem wi th ...............

in our country.3 M y unc l e ha d a he a r t ............... last year , but he’s f ine now.

4 He lost his job and became very................ but he’s happier now.

5 More people ............. from asthma than in the past .6 He ' s ................ so he has to test his blood sugar levels regularly.

. 7 W hen y o u ............... in , your ................fill with air.

8 O b e s i t y c a n ............... t o a number o f se r ious ...................

9 Fortunately there has been a small...............in numbers of children

suffering from infectious diseases.




B Diseases common among older people^Các loạ i bệ nh thư ờ ng gặ p ở nhữ ng ngư ờ i l n tuổ i

Worddisabled disability N

blind

go or be blind

SYN lose your sight

deaf

go or be deaf (have a) stroke

ExampleMy sister is disabled;she can't walk.

My uncle is going blind.

heart disease

cancer

e.g. skin cancerarthritisarthritic ADJ

memory loss

s p o t l i g h t

I’m a bit deaf, so please

speak up.She had a stroke, but she’s

able to walk again now.

He suffers from heart disease.

He got lung cancer from

smoking.I can’t walk very far because of my arthritis

She suffers from mem ory loss;

she forgets things easily.

Meaningnot able to use a part of your body properly.

not able to see.

not able to hear.

a sudden illness which affects the

brain (s ee p i c t u r e Ì and can stop

you walking, talking, etc.

a serious long-term condition causing problems for your heart.

a very serious illness in which

tumours often grow in the body.a disease which causes pain when you bend your arms, fingers, etc.

a condition in which you lose your ability to remember things.

go + adjective

Go + adjective means 'become', e.g. go blind, go deaf. You can also useit to describe a change of colour:His hair w en t w hite.

She stopped breathing and her face went blue.Go + tính từ có nghĩa ‘trở nên’, chẳng hạn. trở nên mù. trở thành điếc. Bạn cũng cố thể dùng từ này để mô tả sự thay đổi về màu sắc:

Tóc của ông ấy chuyển sang màu trắng

Cô ấy ngừng thở và khuôn mặt của cô ấy chuyển sang màu xanh.

oComplete the w ords - Hoàn thành từ.

► lung can e r

2 a r ........r...tic3 b r ........n

4 b ỉ..............5 s t r ........ e6 h ........ r t d...s...

7d...s...b....ỉ....t ys e



SOCI AL AND POL ITI CAL ISSUES 201

© True or false? Write T or F. Đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► If s o m e o n e h a s h e a r t d is e a s e , t h e p r o b l e m s s t a r te d s o m e t im e

a g o l .....

1 Ar thr i ti s m ea n s yo ur f ingers, feet , e tc . m ay be pa infu l ..........

2 I f you are going deaf , you can’ t see very wel l ........

3 I f you lose your s ight complete ly , you go b l ind ........

4 Peop le w i th cancer o f ten have a tumour in the i r body ..........

5 H e a r t d i s e a s e i s t h e s a m e a s a h e a r t a t t a c k ..........

6 I f y o u s u f f e r f r o m m e m o r y l o s s , y o u c a n r e m e m b e r t h i n g s ..........

7 A stroke attacks the lungs.. . . . . . . . .

8 Being deaf and blind are disabilit ies. . . . . . . . . .

© Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài text

E l d e rl y p e o p l e u s ua ll y b e c o m e m o r e ► t i m e g o e s b y. My

g r a n d m o t h e r , f or e x a m p l e , s u ff er s f ro m ( 1 ) a .........

a n d s h e c a n ’t w a lk very eas i ly . L as t yea r she s tar ted to go a b it (2) d ........ . bu t fo r tuna te ly

she hasn’ t los t her (3) s ........ , so she can stil l enjoy the TV.

Sadly , she suf fers f rom (4) m ........ lo s s , bu t tha t ’ s ve ry common wi th

p e o p le of he r a g e . No o n e in our fam ily h a s su ffered from e ith e r (5)

c ........ or (6 ) h .........d isease , however .

T est s yourself. Cover the word s and ex amples, and lookat the meanings. Can you remember the words? Hãy che từ ở ví dụ, và nhìn vào nghĩa . Bạn có thể nhớ từ không?




38 I can talk about politics __ o s _ _ l~T~' ^ ^ / I V y # . X I y I 0 0Tôi CÓ the noi ve chính trị

_ ______ _ _________________________________________________ ft _________________

A The British political system - Hệ thố ng chính trị củ a nư c Anh

/ i n the United Kingdom (the UK), elections are held about every five years. The UK is divided into 646 political areas, called constituencies, and in each constituency people vote for one person representing the political party

they want to see in power. The politician with the most votes becomes the Member of Parliament {known as an MP) for that area. Parliament, therefore, consists of 646 MPs, and the party with the majority of MPs forms the government. The leader of that party also becomes prime minister.

ơ vư ơ ng quố c A n h bầ u cử đư ợ c tổ chứ c 5 nă m mộ t lầ n. Vư ơ ng quố c A nh đư ợ c phân chia thành 646 khu vự c chín h trị đư ợ c gọ i là đơ n vị bầ u cử , và ở mỗ i đơ n vị bầ u cữ ngư ờ i ta bỏ ph i ế u b ầ u cho mộ t ng ư ờ i đ ạ i d iệ n CỈIO đ ả ng ch ính t rị mà ỈIỌ m u ố n dư ợ c nh ìn t hấ y đ ả n g nà y n ắ m q uyề n. N h à ch ín h trị cố p h iế u bầ u cao n ìi ăt sẽ t rở t h à n h n g h ị s ĩ (d ư ợ c g ọ i là M P ) c ủ a đơ ìì vị bầ u cữ dó. D o d ó q uố c hộ i

bao gồ m 646 liệ t sĩ, và đả ng mù có số nghị sĩ cao nhấ t sẽ t ạ o thành mộ t chính \ ^phủ . Lãnh, đạ o củ a đả ng đó cũ ng trở thành thủ t ư ng chính phủ . ______ J

Glossary

election cuộc bầ u c ử the time when people choose individuals to speak forthem and act for them , e lect V.

hold sth tổ ch ứ c s ự kiệ n gì organize an event such as an election.

const i tuency đơ n uị b ầ u c ử one of the areas into which the country is dividedfor voting in political elections.

vote for sb /s t h bỏ p hiế u bầ u ch o ã i / cấ i gì choose sb/sth in an election, vote N.

represent sb/ s th đ ạ i dỉệ R ch o a i / t h ứ c ỉ act officially for people or anorganization.

polit ical party đả ng chính, trị a group of people with the same ideas whowant to win an election (e.g. the Labour Party, the Conservative Party).

in power đang n ắ m q u yề n in political control of the country. polit ician nhà chính trị a person with a jo ■■>in politics.

parliament quố c hộ ỉ the group of people ell cted to make the laws in a country.

consist of sth bao g ồ m th ứ gì be formed or made up of sth.

majority đa s ố the largest number or part of sth. COPP minority.



SOCIA L AND POL ITI CAL ISSUES 203

government chính phủ the group of people in control of a country, govern V.

prime minister thủ tư ng (or PM) the leader of the go ve rnm en t in somecountries.

©True or false in Britain? Write T or F - Ở Vương Quốc Anh những thông tin này là đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► T he B r i t i s h pa r l i a m e n t c ons i s t s o f 646 e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i ve s X . .

1 E l e c ti o n s m u s t b e h eld e ve ry fo ur y e a r s ...............

2 Pe op le can only vote for one p erso n in th is e le c t io n ...........

3 T w o o r t h r e e pe op l e m a y be e l e ct e d in e a c h c on s t i t ue n c y ..........

4 If you a r e a M emb er of Pa r l iament , you a r e in the g ov e rn m en t ..........

5 The l eade r o f the l a rges t pol it ical pa r ty in pa r l i am ent b ec o m es

p r im e m in is te r ..............

6 The par ty with the minor ity of e lected MPs forms the go ve rnm en t ........

o Complete the se nte nces - Hoàn thành câu.

4 PM is an ab brev iat ion of .

1 How of ten d o yo u h ol d ..............for parliament?

2 P a r l i am en t ..............of people f rom a number of d i f fe rent pol i t ica l

3 In the UK, the C onse rva t ive Par ty was in ..............from 1979 to 1997.

4 Who d id you .............. for in the last election?

5 Pol i t ic ians .............. t he peop le who e lec t t hem.

6 She had over 50 per cent of the votes, so a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .of the people

voted for her .

© ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY Write your answers, or ask anotherstudent - Hãy viết câu trả lời của bạn hoặc hỏi sinh viên khảc.

1 How often does your country usually hold elections? ....................

2 Which political party is in power at the moment? ............... .

3 How long have they been in power?......... .........

4 What is the title of the leader of the party? ....................

5 How many people are in parliament? ....................



204 REVIEW: SOCIAL AND POL ITI CA L ISSUES

B Political objectives ^Các mụ c tiêu chính trịm •

The government has announced that its first priority will

be education, and today the prime minister will focus on the need for more young people to go to university.

CÌIÍÌIÌI phủ vừ a thông báo rang chính phủ sẽ ư u tiên hàng đầ u về giáo dụ c và hôm nay thả tư ng chính pìi ủ sẽ t ậ p t rung bàn về s ự cầ n thiế t phả i tăng thêm s ố lư ợ ng ngư ờ i trẻ tuổ i đ i họ c đ ạ i họ c.

A new transport policy will be announced today, which aims to persuade motorists to leave their cars at home.

Mộ t chính sách m i về giao thông vậ n chuy ể n sẽ đư ợ c th ông báo vào ngày hôm nay, v i mụ c dícỉi thuyế t phụ c nỉìừ ìig ngư ờ i lái xe mó tô cấ t xe hơ i củ a họ ở nhà.

The government will face strong opposition to their new immigration policy.

Chính pìi ủ sẽ gặ p phả i sự phán đố i k ịch l iệ t đố i v i chính sách m i về vi ệ c nhậ p cư

An Olympic athlete has been chosen to launch the government’s new fitness campaign.

Mộ t vậ n độ ng viên Olympic dã đư ợ c chọ n để bắ t đầ u cho mộ t chiế n dịch m i củ a chính phủ về y t ế s ứ c khỏ e.

To oppose s th means to disagree with something and try to change it.opposition N. The main political party in parliament, but not forming the

government, Is called the Opposition (used with a singular or plural verb).Phản đôl điều gỉ có nghĩa là không đồng ý với điều đó và cố gắng làm thay đổi nó. Đảng phái chỉnh trị chính trong quốc hội nhưng không tạo thành chính phủ được gọi. là đảng đối lập (được dùng với động từ số ít hoặc số nhiều).

oppose, opposition



SOCIA L AND POLI TIC AL ISSUES 205

Glossaryobjective m ụ c tỉẽ u a thing you are trying to do. 5YNS aim, goal.

announce sth thông báo điề u gt say sth officially and in public, announcement M.

pr iority s ự ư u tiên a thing that is important or that you mu st do beforeanything else.

focus on sth t ậ p trung uề đ iề u gì give all your attention to sth. focus N.

need for sth s ự cẩ n thiế t phả i [ầ m gỉ a situation in which you mus t haveor do sth.

pol icy chính, sách a plan to do sth, agreed by a gov ernm ent, co mp an y, etc.

persuade sb (to do sth) thuyế t phụ c ai (íàm gì) give reasons to make sb

agree (to do sth).face sth đố i m ậ c điề u gì have to deal with a difficult situation .

immigration s ự nhậ p c ư the process of coming to live in a country that isnot your own (the people are called immigrants).

launch sth b ắ t đ ầ u điề u gì m i m ẻ start sth new, especially a campaign or product.

campaign chiế n dịch (often used in politics or business) a plan to do anumber of things with a specific aim.

o Circle the correct answer - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► If you persuade somebody to do something, they ^B/don’t do i t .

1 If you a nn ou n ce so m eth ing , you say it in pu b l i c /p r iva te .

2 A prior i ty i s important /not important

3 If you face a problem, you avoid it/deal with it.

4 if you launch something, you start i t /finish i t .

5 Immigra t ion i s the process of coming/going to l ive in a fore ign

c oun t r y .

6 If you oppose something, you agree/disagree with i t .

© C om plete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

4 Helping po or pe op le is a major |°MP*r t&for the go ve rnm en t .

1 D o you a g r e e w ith the go ve r n m e n t ’s e c o no m i c .............. ?2 Th ey ’ve launc hed a ............. to educ ate p eople about the tax system.

3 So m e MPs already agr ee with the prim e minister, but h e still has to

............. others.

4 The (JSA received a lot of European ............in the early twentieth century.



206 REVIEW: SOCIAL AND P OL ITI CAL ISSUES

5 The m a i n ............. of t he educa t ion po licy is to g iv e p a r e n t s m o r e

choice.

6 I t ’ s c lear tha t the ..............d i s a g re e s t r ong l y w i t h t he gove rnm e n t ’ s

po licy .

7 In hi s speech, the pr ime minis te r wi l l ..............on hea l th i s sues .8 T h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s e x p r e s s e d t h e ..............fo r change in t he i r edu

ca t ion po l i cy .

^ ^ Tes t yourself. Look a t the g lossary words and cover the9 meanings. What are the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ ở

glossary và che nghĩa lại . Nghĩa của từ là gì?



SOCIAL AND POLI TICA L ISSUES 207

391 can talk about war and peace Tôi có thể nóỉ về chiến tranh và hòa bìnhA Conflict - Xung độ t

...The bomb exploded in the city centre killing at least a dozen people ...

...Q uả bom đ ã n ổ tu n g ở tru ng tâ m th à nh p h ố là m giế t c hế t ít n hấ t m ư ờ i hai ng ư ờ i...

... So ldie rs ’ foug ht a two-hour gun’ battle and captured a number of enemy fighters ...

...N h ữ n g ngư ờ i lín h đ ã c hiế n đ ấ u tro ng m ộ t cuộ c bắ n s ủ n g hai tiế n g đ ồ n g hồ và bắ t đư ợ c rấ t n hiề u kẻ thù...

...The army have captured the airport and are now in control of the situation. Most enemy soldiers have now surrendered.

. ..Quân độ i đã nắ m quyề n k iể m soát sân bay và bây giờ có khả nãrtg đố i phó v i tình huố ng. Hấ u h ế t bin h lín h củ a phe địch bây giờ đã chịu đầ ụ

...If the current crisis gets worse, civil war could break out at any

... N ế u nh ư cuộ c kh ủ ng hoả ng hiệ n tạ i trở nên tồ i tệ hơ n, thì cuộ c nộ i ch iế n có th ể bùng n ổ b ấ t ng ờ vào bấ t cứ kh i nào...

conf l ic t c uộ c xu ng độ t an angry argument or State of fighting between peopleor countries. (War is fighting between countries or groups using guns, etc.)

bomb qu ả b om a container packed with materials that can burst out with force.

explode nổ tung bu rst with force and a loud noise. SAND go off. exp losion N.

dozen m ộ t tả twelve or a group of twelve (half a dozen = 6 ).

soldier ngư ờ i lính (see pic ture) a person who is a member of an army.

fight chiế n d ấ u PT fought When people fight, they try to hurt or kill eachother (sb who fights is a fighter), fight N.

hàng .

time




battle trậ n c hiế n a fight between armies in a war.

cap ture sb / s th n ẩ m q uy ề m k iể m soát 1 catch and keep sb so they can’t leave.2 take control of sth.

enemy quân thù, kẻ địch, the people your army or country is fighting against.

be in control of s th có k hả n ấ n g đố ỉ p hó uở i th ứ gì have the pow er or abilityto deal with sth.

surrender đ ầ u hà ng stop fighting and admit you have lost. SAND give up.

crisis c uộ c kh ủ ng hoả ng a time of great danger or difficulty, critical ADJ.

CỈVỈI war c uộ c nộ i c hiế n a war betwee n groups of peop le who live in the same country.

break out độ t ng ộ t khở i p há t (used about fighting, wars; fires, etc.)start suddenly.

o Match 1 -6 with a-g - Hãy nối các câu từ 1 đến 6 vởi các câu từ

© Replace the underlined ph ras es with a single word that hasthe same meaning - Thay thế các cụm từ được gạch dưởi

bằng một từ mà co cùng nghĩa.

► T he y were ph ysically trying to hurt ea ch o ther. . .Ắ ỈRteS..

1 They were the m en we fought aga ins t. .................

2 i t ’ s a dange rous and d i f f i cu l t pe r iod .....................

3 Many f igh te r s have g iven up . ..................

4 They took control of the ci ty .....................

5 T he r e w e r e a doz e n s o l d i e r s ......................

6 W he n d i d t he bom b go o f f ? ............ .

a đến g

► They’re in control ct a surrendered,

b the m ain port,

c guns were found

d of the city.ve a long battle,

f exp loded,

g lasted many year!

1.The confl ict .......

2 Soldiers fought . .

3 Two b o m b s .......4 Sold ie rs cap tu red

5 The soldiers

6 A dozen ......



SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES 209

© Co mp lete the sentence s - Hoàn thành câu.

4 It ha s be c o m e a ser ious and could end in war .

1 Why d id war b re ak ............ ?

2 T h e .............exp loded a t 10 .15 .

3 Fif ty people died in the f irs t ............ of the war .

4 There a re 500 ,000 ............ in the army.

5 Are they in ............ of the s i tuat ion?

6 The confl ict could result in civi l...............

B Compromise - Sư thỏ a hiệ pExampleThe US and its European allies are bothdetermined to find a solution.

Hoa Kỳ và đồ ng mi nỉI Châu Au đề u quyế t tủ m tìĩìì ra mộ t giả i pháp.

The two countries involved

are hoping they can reach an agreement. Hai nư c có liên quan này hy vọ ng là họ có th ể đ ạ t đế n mộ t sự thỏ a thuậ n.

Leaders from the two main parties are now negotiating, and there is some hope of apeace s e t t l e m e n t .Gác lãnh dạ o củ a hai đả ng chính đang thư ơ ng lư ợ ng và cung có hy vọ ng về mộ t thỏ a thuậ n hỏ a bình .Thê two sides have finallyagreed a ceasefire.

Cuố i cùng cả hai pỉiia đã đồ ng ý lệ nh ngừ ng bắ n.

If both sides are willing to c ompromi s e , there couldbe a settlement fairly soon.

Nế u cả hai phía để u sẩ n sàng thỏ a hiệ p, thì có thể sè có mộ t sự thỏ a thuậ n tư ơ ng dổ i s m.

Word and meaningallya country that agrees to support another country d ete rm in ed having a strong desire to do sth and be successful.

involved taking part in sth or connected to sth.

reach đạ t đến mộ t sự thỏ a thuậ n an agreement arrive at a decision that both sides agree on .

leader nhà lãnh đạ o a pe rs on who is in charge or control of sth.n e g o t i a t e thư ơ ng lư ợ ng talk to sb in order to decide or

agree on th.

p ea ce se tt lem en t an official agreement that ends thỏ a thuậ n hòa bình a war (peace is a time when there is no war).side phe, phía either of two or more groups who are arguing or fighting with each other.

ceasefire l ệ nh ngừ ng bdn an agreement between two sides to stop fighting.

willing to do sth sầ n lòng làm điề u gi happy and prepared to do sth OPP unwilling, c ompromi s e thỏ a hiệ p accept less than you want in order to reach anagreement. compromise N.



© Cover the table above. Match 1-7 with a-h - Hãy che bảngở bên trên. Nối các câu từ 1 đến 7 với các câu từa đến h.

► se t tl ement . c .. .. a t ak ing p a r t in som eth ing

1 c e a s e f i r e ....... b ha v i ng a s tr ong de s i r e t o do s om e t h i ng2 a l ly ....... c a n a g r e e m e n t to e n d a w a r o r a r g u m e n t ”

3 d e t e r m i n e d ....... d h a p p y a n d p r e p a r e d t o d o s o m e t h i n g

4 wil l ing ....... e a c c e p t l e ss t ha n you wa n t

5 n e g o t i a t e ....... f an ag ree m en t t o s top f igh ting

6 c o m p r o m is e ......g t a l k t o s om e body i n o rde r t o a g re e s om e t h i ng

7 involved ....... h a c oun t ry t ha t ha s a g re e d t o s up po r t you

210 ___________________ REVIEW: SOCIAL AND PO LIT ICA L ISSUES

0 Complete the texts - Hoàn thành bài text

The c iv i l war has now l a s t ed a lmos t t en yea rs .

► the two (1)

in t he c on f li c t ha ve m a n a g e d to ge t t he m to a g re e t o a t e m p ora ry

(2 ) ........... . .. .on seve ra l occ as io ns , bu t t hey hav e neve r bee n ab le

t o g et t h e tw o ( 3 ) ................of t he s ides to negot i a t e a pe ac e (4 ) ................

It s e e m s t h ey ar e bo th (5 ). ................ to c ar ry on fighting to th e bit tere n d a n d a r e c o m p l e t e l y (6 ) ................ to c o m p r o m i s e .

The two countries (7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the conflict have finally agreed to

come to the negot ia t ing table . Nei ther wi l l be wi l l ing to ( 8 ) ................

very much , bu t t he re i s now a t l ea s t t he poss ib i l i t y t ha t t he two l ead

ers could (9). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .an agreement that will lead to a more last ing

( 1 0 ) .................s e t t l e m e n t .

Test yourself. Look at the exam ples in the tab le and cover^ V the mean ings. Can you remember the mean ings? Hãy

nhìn vào các ví dụ ở bảng và che nghĩa lại. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của chúng không?



SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES 211

401 can talk about events in historyT 1 ^ I I ^ * 9 À y I I # / \ f * f Tôi có thề nóỉ vê các sự kiệ n lịch sứ — .— ---- --------------------------------- «_______c ______ m ____________

Date Event Meaning

10 66 William of Normandy invaded

England and then

defeated

King Harold in a battle.

invade enter a country with an army to attack and take

control of it. invasion N.

defeat sb win a battle, vote, game, etc. against sb.

1781 William Herschel discovered

the planet Uranus.

discover sth find sth that nobody has found before.

discovery N.

1917 The Russian Revolution revolution action taken by a large group of people to change the government, often using violence.

1923 Turkey became a republic republic a country with no king or queen.

1947 Indiagained independence became independent.

gain independence become free from control by another country, independent ADJ.

1957 The European Common Market was established.

establish sth start or create an organization or system.establishment N.

1975 Prince Juan Carlos became king of Spain.

prince the son or grandson of a king or queen (a daughter is a princess).

1981 President Sadat of Egypt was assassinated.

president the leader of a country with no king or queen.assassinate sb kill a famous person, often for political reasons, assassination N.

1981 Attempt to assassinate

President Ronald Reagan.

attempt the act of trying to do sth difficult (often

without success), attempt to do sth V.

1990 Nelson Mandela was released from prison.

release sb allow sb to be free, release N.

Q Wk Cover the table above. Match 1-5 with a—f. Then write

^ the n ou ns formed from each verb in the third column -Hãy che bảng ở bên t rên . Nối các câu từ 1 đến 5 với các câu từ a đến f. Rồi v iết dạng danh từ được thành lập từ mỗi động từ ở cột thứ ba.




Verb Meaning Noun

► discover a kill a famous person ► discovery

1 release b enter another country with an army and attack it2 assassinate c find something that nobody has found before*

3 establish d try to do something, often without success4 invade e start or create an organization

5 attempt f allow somebody to be free

© Can you complete these sen tenc es about other events inworld history?- Bạn có thể hoành thành câu về các sự kiện trong lịch sử thế giới.

1 P re s id e n t K en ne dy w a s ............................................................. in 1963 .

2 Bil l Gates and Paul Allen ...... the Microsoft Corporat ion in 1975.

3 The ‘Velve t ..................‘ t ook p l ace in Czech os lovak ia in 1989 .

4 A m e r i c a n f o r c e s ..................the Br it ish a t the Bat t le of he w Orlea ns in

1815.

5 In 1981 there was an ..................to assa ss in a te P op e Jo h n Paul 11.

6 Argent ina gained ................. in 1816 and Brazil became.. ..........v ..in 1822.



SOCIAL AND POL ITI CAL ISSUES 213

Review: Social and political issues Ôn tậ p: Các vấ n đề xã hôi và chính trịUnit 35

1 Complete the sentences. - Hoàn thành câu . Someone who ...

► a t t a c ks s om e o ne physi ca ll y is a n .

1 commi t s a c r ime i s a ...................

2 k i l l s someone de l ibera te ly i s a ...................3 attacks someone in the street for money is a... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 b re a k s into a h o u se an d ste als th in gs fro m it is a ....................

5 s tea ls your car i s a ...................

6 s t ea l s th ings f rom shops i s a ...................

7 s tea ls f rom a bank i s a bank ...................

2 Circle the correct word - Khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► The manCrobbecQ/mugged the pos t of f ice .

1 Sh e s h o t / s ta b b e d hi rn with a k i tchen knife.

2 You don’ t go to pr i son i f you obey/break the law.

3 P e op l e w ho c om m i t / b r e a k a n o f f e nc e m a y e nd up i n p r i s on .

4 T h e tw o m e n b r o k e in to j a i l / t h e m u s e u m a n d s t o l e / r o b b e d s o m e

pa in t ings .5 I t was a t e r r ib l e acc iden t . Don c r a shed in to ano the r ca r and mur

dered/kiỉled the driver.

6 You don’ t see much v io lence /v io len t on the s t r ee t s .

7 Murde r i s a ve ry se r ious /minor c r ime .

8 They attacked/killed the guard, and he’s still in hospital.

Unit 361 Put the se quen ce in the correct order - Hãy xếp tiến trình

theo thứ tự đúng.



214 REVIEW: SOCIAL AND P OLI TIC AL ISSUES

a The ju ry dec ided tha t the de fendan t was gu i l ty . . ! . . . .

b T h e p o lice c h a rg e d th e s u s p e c t .........

c A c r i m e w a s c o m m i t t e d ...........

d The suspect went to court . . . . . . . . . .e The police caught the suspect . . . . . . . . . .

f The ju ry l i s t ened to the ev idence ........ .

g The police invest igated the cr ime. . . . . . . . . .

h The vict im reported the cr ime. . . . . . . . . .

i T h e j u d g e s e n t e n c e d t h e d e f e n d a n t to tw o y e a r s i n p r i s o n ..........

2 Complete the s en ten ces - Hoàn thành câu.

► Th e su sp ec t m ay be guil ty or Aw**#**

1 T he tr ial ta k e s ........ in a court.

2 T h e p r o s e c u t i o n t r y t o ........ t h a t t h e d e fe n d a n t c o m m i t te d t h e

c r i m e .

3 The defendan t i s a l so ca l l ed the ........

4 Often a ........ has to t e l l the cour t wha t they saw o r know abou tt h e c r i m e .

5 I f he i s gu i l ty , the defendant may get a ........ or a pr ison

6 The de fendan t migh t be gu i l ty , o r he ........ be inn o ce n t .

7 When the po l ice inves t iga te a c r ime , they a re look ing fo r ........for example , f ingerpr in ts .

8 I f the police f ind a suspect , they wil l ....... t h e m a n d q u e s t i o n t h e m

at the pol ice s ta t ion .

Unit 37

1 What medical problem is being defined?- vấn để y khoa được định nghĩa là gì?

► A fee l ing o f be ing very unhappy .

1 Th e c on di t ion of being too fa t .......................

2 A cond i t ion tha t m ak es you ill when you touch , b rea the , o r ea t

s o m e t h i n g that .doesn’t affect other people.......................

3 A su dd en i llness affec t ing the bra in ; you m ay n ot be ab le to ta lk a f t e r w a r d s .......................



SOCIAL AND P OLIT ICAL ISSUES 215

4 A medical condition which makes breathing difficult. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 A condition in which the heart stops working suddenly... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 A ser ious i l lness in which tumours of ten grow in the body ...........

7. A dis eas e which ca us es pain when yo u ben d your arm s, fingers,e t c ......................

8 A disease in which the body can’t control the level of sugar in the b lo o d ........................

2 One word is missing in each sentence. Where from? Writeit at the end - Trong mỗi câu eó mật từ thiếu. Nó ở chỗ nào? Hãy viết nó vào cuối câu?

► He is A and has been in a wheelchair for years.íU.vạkCíMỈ

1 S h e h a s s u ff er ed a s t h m a for y e a r s ..................

2 He had a hear t and d ied las t week .......................

3 My gran dfa the r is go ing so I have to sh out to h im ......................

4 It’s an infectious so he can’t mix with other people... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 The doctor told me to in deeply through my nose... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 S h e i s a l l e r g i c s o m e m e d i c i n e s .......................

7 Obes i ty can l ead hear t d i sease ......................

8 He suf fers f rom loss and can’ t remember where he pu ts th ings . . . . . .

Unit 38

1 Match 1 -10 with a-k. - Hãy nối các cấu từ 1 đến 10 với các câu

từa-k .

► I d o n ’t be long to a ny pol itic al. Jk __ a Ben Jo ne s represents .

1 The anno unc em ent was ma de by

2 They h old .........

3 The government will face ........

4 We need to launch .........

5 They want to persuade. . .6 I d o n ’t kno w w hich pa rty

7 j wouldn’t vote .........

8 She’s the Member

b a cam paign ,

c for that party,

d on better health care,

e elections every four years,

f policy.g the prime minister,

h of Parl iament for Ham ps tead,

i strong opposit ion to their plan.



216 REVIEW: s o c IAL AND POLI TICA L ISSUES

9 Ỉ don’ t agree wi th thei r immigrat ion .......... j part y. s

10 The g overn m ent needs to focus .......... k people to accept the schem e.

2 Which wo rds are being defined? Từ nào /à từ được định nghĩa?

► t h e t im e w h en p eo p l e c h o o s e p o l it ic ian s t o s p e ak an d ac t for th em

.&Ỉ ectiOM-4...

1 s o m e t h i n g t h a t y o u a re t ry i ng to ach i ev e o ...........

2 d i s ag ree s t ro n g l y w i t h s o met h i n g o ..........s o m e t h i n g

3 s o met h i n g t h a t i s v e ry i mp o r t an t o r t h a t y o u mu s t d o b e fo re an y

th ing e l se p ..........

4 t h e g ro u p o f p eo p l e e l ec t ed t o mak e an d ch an g e l aws i n a co u n t ry

p .........

5 a person whose job is in politics*p.. . . . . . . . .

6 in poli t ical control of a country in p ..........

7 b e fo r m e d o r m a d e u p of s o m e t h in g c ..........o f s o m e t h i n g

Unit 391 Answer the questions. Tick (S) Yes or No - Trả lời câu hỏi.

Hãy đánh dấu tick (o vào Ves hoặc No.

Y es No

► Is a dozen less than ten?

1 Is a soldier a member of the army?

2 Is a ceasefire at the beginning of a conflict?

3 When a bomb goes off, is there an explosion?

4 When two sides reach an agreement, do they usually compromise?

5 If an arm y surr end ers, do es it stop fighting?

6 Are your enemies on the same side as you?7 Are your allies on the same side as you?

8 Is a civil war between people from different countries?



SOCIAL AND PO LIT ICA L ISSUES 217

2 Is the meaning the same or different? Write s or D - Những câu này có cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

4 He ’s on e of our a ll ies. 1 He’s one of our ene m ies . IQ . . .

1 Th e two lead ers a re negot ia t ing. 1Th e two leade rs a re f ight ing ......2 They ar r iv ed a t a se t t lement . I They re ac he d a se t t lem en t ..........

3 There a r e two s ides . 1There a r e two l eade r s .......

4 There’s a crisis in the country. ỈThe situation is crit ical in the country.. . .

5 He wanted to do i t . 1He was unwil l ing to do i t .......

6 They captured the enemy le ad er .! They fought the enemy lead er ......

7 It was a long battle. 1It was a long war .......

8 Th e war bro ke ou t in 1993. I The war s ta r ted in 1 99 3 .......

Unit 40

1 Complete the sentenc es - Hoàn thành câu.

4 N ap ole on B o n ap ar te was<tejjẹ.ạ.tẹ.<ỉ. at the Battle of W aterlo o in 181 5.

1 In 196 9, Sirhan Bish ara Sirhan wa s sen t to pr ison for t h e ...................

of Rober t Kennedy in June 1968. He is s t i l l there and wil l never be

2 S e v e n t y d a y s aft er Ro n al d R e a g a n b e c a m e ................... of the Uni ted

S ta te s in 1981 , John Hinck ley .................... to ....................him. Reagan

surv ived the a t tack and l ived for another 23 years .

3 T he F r e n c h ................... s ta r ted in 1789 and las ted for ten years .

4 Fidel Castro ................. a new Com mun ist go ver nm ent in Cuba in 1959.

5 Marie Curie, a Polish-French scientist , .................. radiu m in the early p a r t of th e tw en tie th c en tu ry . S h e d ied from e x p o s u re to ra

diat ion in 1934.

6 D i a n a , ....................of Wale s, th e first wife of Pr inc e C ha rle s, w as killed

in a car crash in Par is in 1997.

7 C h i n a b e c a m e a ................... in 1912 af te r two thousand years of im

peria l ru le .

8 Z i m b a b w e ................... i nde pe nde nc e i n 1980 .



218 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT

41 I can understand newspapers __ *T-I A• y 1 f AV#AAI y 1

Tôi CÓ the hieu ve bao chi

A Newspaper publishingViệc xuất bản báo chí

-------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"\ LIFE AS AN EDITOR

Meet Cyrus Davis, who has pent his whole working life in

jou rn a lism . He’s now the ed ito r of The Evening Star , a local dai ly paper publ ished i l l Birmingham. He’s been a news reporter on several national papers, a sports editor, and a headline writer. The S t a r covers current affairs, sports, crime, and so oil , but one s e c ti o n of our paper is about cu ltu r e . It’s a good paper, but new spaper sales gen erally are d e c lin in g because of TV and the internet.It’s a bad time for the press.’

c u ộ c ĐỜ I BIÊN TẬ P VIÊN

H ãy gặ p gờ Cyrus Davis, ngư ờ i đã cả đờ i làm việ c trong ngành báo

chí. Bây giờ ông ta đã đang làm. biên tậ p viên củ a tờ báo The E v e nin g S ta r, m ộ t tờ báo đ ịa p hư ơ n g đư ợ c x uấ t b ả n h ằ n g n gà y tạ i birmingham. Ong ẩ y là phóng viên đư a tin cho nhiề u t ờ báo, là biên tậ p niên th ể thao, là ngư ờ i v iế t t iêu đ ề cho báo. Báo Star vi ế t về nhứ ng s ự k iệ n gâ y x ôn xao d ư lu ậ n h iệ n t ạ i, về . thể thao, t ộ i ph ạ m và.. .v.v.v.. ., như ng mộ t phầ n c ủ a tờ báo chúng tôi là vi ế t về vãn hóa. Đó là mộ t tờ báo hay , n h ư n g nh ìn c h un g s ố lư ợ ng tờ báo b án đư ợ c đ a ng g iả m đ i n hờ có T V uà in t erne t . Đ ây là m ộ t kho ả n g thờ i g ian tồ i tệ dố i v i báo chí.

Glossary

w h o l e toàn bộ comple te ; w i th no pa r t s miss ing . SAN en t i r e .

j o u r n a l i s m nghê báo chi the profess ion of col lec t ing a nd wr it ing a bo ut

news in newspape r s , on TV, e t c . ( a pe r son who does th i s i s a jo u rn a l is t ) .

ed i to r biên tậ p viên t h e pe r s o n in c ha r ge o f a ne w s pa p e r , m a ga z i ne , e t c.

edi t V.

daily hằng ngày You can ge t a da i ly (newspape r ) eve ry day , excep t



MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT 219

S u n d a y .

p u b l ish s th xuấ t bả n p r ep a re an d p ri nt a b o o k , n ew s p a p e r , e t c . p u b l is h in g N.

severa l mộ t vài m o re t h an t wo, b u t n o t man y .na t iona l thuộ c quố c giã connec ted wi th a l l o f a coun t ry ( in te rna t iona l =

invo lv ing two or more coun t r i es ) .

h ead l i n e tiêu đê the t i t l e o f a newspaper a r t i c le ( see n e x t p a g e ) .

current affairs sự kiệ n gây xôn xao dư luậ n impor tan t po l i t i ca l o r soc ia l even t s

h a p p e n i n g n o w .

s e c t i o n phẩ n on e of the pa r ts into which s th is d iv ided .

cu l t u re văn hóa act iv i t ies involving ar t, l i terature , m usic , e tc .

cultural ADJ.

decl ine giả m xuố ng b e co m e weak e r o r s ma l le r , d ec l i n e N.

t h e p r e s s ngành báo chi n ew s p ap e r s an d t h e j o u rn a l i s t s wh o wo rk fo r

t h e m .

o Circle the adjectives. Don’t circle the verbs and nouns -Hãy khoanh tròn tính từ. Đừng khoanh tròn danh từ và động từ.

Nntemationwholeeditpressdeclinedailyjoumalismentireculturesectionnationalcultural

© is the meaning the sam e or different? Write s or D - Những câu này có cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

4 S h e e d i ts t h e n e w s p a p e r . I Sh e’ s t h e ed i t o r . ...s....1 I d i dn ’t un de rs ta n d the ar t ic le . 11 d id n’t un de rs ta nd the h ead l ine. . .

2 W h i ch s e c t i o n d o y o u r ead f i r s t? I W h i ch p a r t o f t h e p a p e r d o y o u

r ead first? ......

3 I’m in te re st ed in cu rre n t affairs . I I’m intere sted in cultura l e v e n ts . .....

4 T h e n u m b e r o f j o u rn a l i s t s h as d ec l in ed . I T h e n u m b er o f j o u rn a li s ts

h a s g o n e u p .......

5 S h e r e a d t h e e n t i r e p a p e r . 1 S h e r e a d t h e w h o l e p a p e r .......

6 Sh e ’ s wo rk ed t h e re fo r s ev e ra l y ea r s . I Sh e ’ s wo rk ed t h e re fo r

m a n y y e a r s ..........




© Complete the sentenc es - Hoàn thành câu.

4 The art icle is in the sports .i&aiio*. .on page 34 .

1 I a lw ay s turn to the se ct io n on c ......... f i r s t to read about the la tes tfilms and books.

2 My son reads al l the papers and is fascinated by the p .........He wan t s t o be a j ..........

3 The paper i s p ..........in Denton and so ld everywhere in the reg ion .

4 I sp e n t the w ..........m orn ing read ing th e new s ab ou t th e i ..........situation.

5 Newspaper sales are going up in China, but they’re d .........in Europe.

6 Do yo u bu y a d ..........ne w sp ap er?

Test yourself. Look at the glo ssary wo rds and cover themeanings. Can you remember the meanings?- Nhìn từ Ở glossary và che nghĩa lại . Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của

từ không?B Headlines - Tiêu đề

FOOTBALL FANS CLAShh

.WITH POLICE

200AXED CAR WORKERS

PROTEST !N CITY CENTRE

Bomb scare in c i ty centre

N U R S E S DEMONSTRATE

VOVER TAX CHANGES J

clash with sb xung đột, va chạm với ai fight

or disagree seriously withsb aboutnth. clash N.

a xe s b / s t h cắ t giả m số lư ợ ng cu t n u m

b e rs of p e o p le j o b s , e tc . by a largeamount axe is a large tool used forcutt ing wood).

p r o t e s t phản đôl chống đố i s ay o r show

th a t y ou d o n ’t a g re e with sth, especiallyin public, protest N.

sca re nỗ isợ hãi a situation in which

many people are af ra id or worried(e .g . bomb scare , heal th scare , food

scare).

d e m o n s t r a t e biểu tình t ake par t in a

pub lic p ro te s t for or a g a in s t s th . SYM

p ro tes t , d e m o n s t r a t io n /p ro te s t N.




THREAT to

Hollywood Star)

MAN CLAIMS

DOG CAN TALK

GOVERNMENT

PROMISES HIGHER

P ENS IONS

GOVERNMENT PLEDGEÍ

.AID FOR ETHIOPIA

t h rea t đe đọ a a s t a t e m e n t t h a t s b m a ykil l , hurt , or punish you if you don’t

do what they w ant , th re ate n V.

c l a im s th yêu sách, đòi hỏ ìOR c l a i m t h a t

say that sth is true without having proof, claim M.

p ro m is e (to do ) sth hứ a say defini tely thatyou will do sth, or that sth will happen.SAND make a promise, promise N.

p e n s io n tương hư u money pa id regu la r ly by th e g o v e rn m e n t or a c o m p a n y to

sb who has stopped working because ofold age (sb who receives a pension is a pen sion er) .

p led g e s th cam kết điểu gỉ m a k e a f or m a l p ro m

ise to do or g ive n th . p ledge N.

aid v i n t r ợ money , food ,e t c . t ha t i s s en t t o a

country or to people to help t h e m (aid V

FML means 'give

E S D I Verbs and nouns with the same form

There are many words in English in which the base form of the verb and the nounare the same, e.g, dash, protest, claim, promise, pledge, and aid. There was a dash between the protesters and thepoiice.

The police and the protestersdashed.Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều từ mà hình thức nguyên mẫu của động từ và danh từ ỉà giống nhau. Vỉ ơụ: clash, protest, claim, promise, pledge, aid.

Đã xảy ra vụ xung đột giữa những người chống đôl và cảnh sát.

Cảnh sát và những người chổng đối đã va chạm với nhau.



222 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTER TAINM ENT

© Circle the correct word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► S h e c l a i m e d / ( p r o m i s e d to w o r k h a rd .

1 Th ere w as a hea l th sca re / a id l as t week .

2 T w e n t y w o r k e r s w e r e p r o t e s t e d / a x e d .

3 P o l i c e c l a s h e d / a i d e d w i t h p r o t e s t e r s .

4 T h e y t o o k p a r t i n a d e m o n s t r a t i o n / p r o t e s t .

5 S h e c l a i m e d / p r o m i s e d s h e w a s F r e n c h .

6 I rece ive a company pension/pensioner .

7 There was a t h rea t / c l ash t o k i l l h im .

© R ep la ce the underlined p hrase with a single word with thesame meaning. Hãy thay thế cụm từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ có cùng nghĩa

► S h e w e n t t o th e p u b l ic p r o t e s t. . . . . .

1 T h e c o m p a n y m a d e a f orm a l p r o m i se to im p r o v e s er v i c e s .............................

2 He says t ha t he i s t he t a l l e s t man in t he coun t ry .............................

3 W e ’r e s e n d i n g m o n e y a n d f oo d to t he e a r t h q u a k e z o n e ............................

4 I had a fr ightening s i tuat ion las t night — I saw a snake in the gar d e n ............................ ■

5 You shou ld ac t wi th o the r s t o s ay tha t you d i sag ree abou t p r i cer i ses ............................

6 My bro thers d isagreed ser iously wi th the organizers over the a r

r a n g e m e n t s .............................

7 The m a n sa id h e w oul d hur t m e .............................

8 I m a d e a s p o k e n a g re e m e n t a n d I w o n ’t br ea k it............................

Test yourself . Look at the headlines and cover the™ mean ings. Can you explain the head lines? Hãy nhìn vào

tiêu đề và che nghĩa lại. Bạn có th ể giải thích t iêu để đó không?




42 I can talk about films __ n \ _ T 1^ i I # X +0 7 IToico the nói ve điên anh _______________________ ____ _______________ _____________________________

A Film awards - Các giả i thư ở ng điệ n ả nhThe BAFTAs are the British equivalent of the Oscars. The highest award, the Academy Fellowship, is a prize given for an individual’s work and ac h ie v e m en ts during their career; previous w in n e r s include Hitchcock and Felling. There are awards for the outstanding film of the year, and for special achievement by a British director, writer, or producer in their first film. There are also awards for best actor and actress in a leading role and in a supporting role. Achievements are also recognized in editing, lighting, and so on.

The Baftas ỉà g iả i th ư ở ng củ a vư ơ ng quố c Anh tư ơ ng đ ư ơ ng v i g iả i Oscars. Giả i th ư ở ng cao nh ấ t Acade my Fellowship ỉà m ộ t g iả i th ư ở ng đư ợ c trao cho tác ph ẩ m đ i ệ n ả nh củ a cá nhân và cúc thành t ự u đ ạ t đ ư ợ c trong s ự ngh iệ p củ a họ ; nh ữ ng ngư ờ i đã đư ợ c g iả i th ư ở ng là H itchcock và Fel lin i.Cũ ng có các gi ả i thư ở ng dành cho các bộ phim nổ i bậ t củ a năm , và dành cho thành t ích đ ặ t biệ t củ a m ộ t đ ạ o d iễ n , tác g iả hay nhà sầ n xu ấ t ngư ờ i

A nh trong bộ p h im đầ u tiên củ a họ . Còn có các g iả i th ư ở ng dành cho man

di ễ n v iên hay nữ di ễ n v iên xuấ t sắ c nhấ t tham gia đóng vai chính và vai ph ụ . Các thành tích này cũ ng đư ợ c nhìn nhậ n về m ặ t biên tậ p, ánh sá ng.. Ư . V. ____________________________________________________________ _

Glossary

the equivalent of s th vật tương đương với thứ gi s th tha t has the samev a l u e , amo u n t , mean i n g , o r i mp o r t an ce a s s t h e l s e , eq u i v a l en t ADJ .

a w a r d giải thưởng You get or win an award when you do very wel l ina co mp e t i t i o n .

pr ize phầ n thưởng s th o f va lue tha t you ge t when you are success fu l

in a compet i t ion , race , e t c .

individual cá nhân o n e p e r s o n wh o i s s een s ep a ra t e l y f ro m o t h e r s o r a

g r o u p .

a c h i e v e m e n t sth thành tích you have done success fu l ly tha t was d i f f i cu l t ,

achievewi n n er ngưới chiến thắng a p e r s o n wh o w i n s a co mp e t i t i o n , g ame , e t c .

o u t s t a n d i n g nôi bậ t ex t rem ely good ; exce l len t .

d i r ec t o r đạo diễn t h e pe rson who tel l s actors what to do in a f i lm,




play, etc.direct V.

p ro d u c e r nhà sả n xuấ t t he pe r son who i s r e spons ib le fo r the bus iness

side of a fin play, e tc . p ro d uc e V.

leading role vai chính the most important role (or part) in a film or play

( a suppor t ing ro le i s t he nex t mos t impor tan t ro l e ) .

role vai trong bộ phim the par t an ac tor p lays (e .g . the ro le of J u l i u s

C a e s a r ) .

ed i t ing việ c biên tậ p t he p ro ce ss o f dec id ing which pa r t s of a film tosho w an d in which o rder , edi t V.


► St an d ing 3 ................po rt in g ro 6 a c .............. eve

1 e .............. va len t 4 ............. ividual 7 w ............ n./.r

2 .............. d u c e 5 a ............ rd 8 p ........... z e

© True or false? Write T or F Nghĩa của các câu này đúng hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► A producer p lays the leading role in the f i lm . . .F . . . .

1 An a cto r dire cts the f i lm ......................

2 An ou t s t and ing f i lm i s ve ry bad ......................

3 A B A F T A w i nne r ge t s a n a w a r d ......................

4 A leading role is a lway s a m a n ’s ro le ......................

5 An ind iv idua l i s one pe r son .......................

6 A p r oduc e r e d i t s f i l m s ......................

7 I t ’ s an ach ievement to win an award ......................

8 A ro le i s wha t an ac to r wea r s ......................

9 A produce r o rgan izes the f i lm’s f inances ......................

10 A director tells actors how to act.....................



MEDIA AND ENTERTAINME NT 225

©Replace the underlined word or phrase with a single wordwith the same meaning. Hãy thay thế từ hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưởi bằng mật từ có cùng nghĩa.

> W h o w a s t h e b u s in e s s m a n a g e r of t h e......

1 W as she t he pe r so n who won ? ................. .

2 Did they g e t t h e s u c c e s s t h ey w a n t e d ? ...................

3 Who p l ayed the m os t imp or t an t ro l e? ...................

4 W ho o rgan ized the bu s ines s s ide o f t he f i lm? ...................

5 Which part did Leonardo di Caprio play?...................

6 Who won the p r i ze fo r suppor t i ng ac t res s? ...................

7 Is an Oscar equal in importance to a BAFTA award?... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 Was he the first single person to win three awards?... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 M Test yourself. Look at the glossary words and cover the^ meanings. Can you remember the meanings? Hãy nhìn

vào từ ở glossary và che nghĩa lại . Bạn có thể nhở nghĩa của từ không?

B Opinions - Các ý kiế n 6 ềr

Love it or hate it?An extraordinary and moving performance by a great leading actor. A gripping and entertaining thriller, and full of dra m a - 1 loved it.

Pm usually a fan of Jan Loos, but this movie had such a weak plot. Very disappoint ing indeed.Very violent and too much swearing - totally unsuitable for children. Disgusting!

Thỉch hay là ghét? Mộ t sự d iể n xu ấ t rấ t đặ c biệ t và đầ y cả m độ ng củ a m ộ t nam diễ n viể n đỏ ng vai c h í n h r ấ t t u yệ t vờ i. M ộ t bộ p h im giậ t gân đầ y hấ p dầ n và th ứ vị và có nhiề u kịch tín h- tôi rấ t

thích bộ ph im này.Tôi th ư ờ ng là fan hâ ĩn mộ củ a Jan Loos , như ng bộ phim này có t ình tiế t rấ t dở . T hự c sự cả m th ấ y rấ t th ấ t vọ ng.Có quá nhiề u cả nh bạ o lự c và quá nhiề u lờ i chử i r ủ a- hoàn toàn không

p h ù hợ p CÌIO tr ẻ em. T h ậ t là k in h tở rnl




indeed

Use indeed after very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement.

The film was very boring indeed.

I liked it very much indeed.

Hay dùng indeed sau very và tính từ hoặc trạng từ để nhấn mạnh một lời phát biểu.

Bộ phim này thực sự nhàm chán.

Tôi thực sự thích bộ phim này rất nhiều.

Glossary

ext raord inary đặc biệt, khác thường very unusual or m uc h bet ter thanusua l . SYNC inc red ib le . COPP ord ina ry .

m ov i ng gẫ y xúc độ ng c au s ing s t rong f ee lings , e spec ia l ly o f sad ne ss .

p e r f o rm a n c e s ự diễ n xuấ t th e a ct of play ing a role in a f ilm or play-

gr ipp ing h ấ p ơ ẫ n very exc i t ing; holding yo ur a t tent ion.

e n t e r t a i n i n g thú vị i n t e r e s t ing and fun .

d r a m a kịch tỉnh exciting things that hap pen; an exciting event, d ram atic ADJ.f an sb ngư ờ i hãm mộ who r ea l ly l ikes and is en thu s ia s t i c a bo u t a pe r son

or an act ivi ty.

movie bộ phim (es pec ially in Ơ S English) a film.

p lo t tình tiế t the ser ies of ev en ts tha t form the s tory of a f ilm, nov el , e tc .

disappoint ing gây thất vọng not as good as you had hoped.

swear ing lời chửi rủa rud e langu age that m ay upset peop le, sw ear V. u n s u i t a b l e ( f o r s t h / s b )không phù hợ p no t r igh t o r appropr i a t e fo r s th /sb. Copp sui table .

d i sgus t ing kình tởm very unpleasant .

6 Are the adjectives positive or negative? Write p or N. Các tính từ sau đây có nghĩa tích cực hay tiêu cực? Hãy viết p hoặc N

► extraordina ry .p.. 2 ordinary ...... 4 unsuitable ..... 6 moving....

1 gr ipp ing .... 3 incred ible..... 5 disappointing.... 7 disgusting...

spotlight




© Circle the correct word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► T h e re ’s a lot of sw ea r/(swearingj the film.

1 I t ’ s ve ry funny ex t r eme ly / indeed .

2 The plot /performance is about three men who have to look aftera baby .

3 T he d r a m a / m ov i e i s on a t t he O de on c i ne m a .

4 I t was an ordinary/ext raordinary f i lm - 1 really loved it.

5 That fi lm won’t be suitable/disgusting for you - i t’s much tooviolent .

6 He r pe r fo rmance / f an was r ea l ly g r ipp ing - you mus t see i t .

© C om ple te the words in these sentences.- Hãy hoàn thànhtừ trong những câu sau đây:

ABOUT YOU1 'C asi no R ov ale ’ is a real ly e n te r .............. film ....................................

2 F o r e s t W hi t a ke r ga ve a n e x t r a ............... - ............................

p e r f ............... in T h e Las t King of S c o t l a n d ’. ............................

3 1 th ou gh t ‘Sn ak es on a P lane ’ was ve ry

d i s a p p ...............in d .................. ...........................

4 I’m a f ............... of C a te B lan ch ed . ............................

5 T h e P i a n i s t ’ w a s ve ry m ov .................. ............................

©ABOUT YOU Replace the underlined names and titles withyour own examples of films and actors in the ‘About you'column. Compare with another student if you can. Hãy thay thể tiêu để và tên được gạch dưới bằng các ví dụ của bạn vẻ các bộ phim và nam diễn viên ở cột About yo u . So sánh vởi sinh viên khác nếu có thể.



228 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTERTAINM ENT

431 can talk about art and photographyTôi có thể nói về hôỉhoa và tranh ả nh

_ ___________________________________ c ______ £ _____________________________

A Painting and drawing - Tranh và tranh vẽ

At an art exhibition, a varietyof paint ings and drawings may be on display: for example , portraits’, landscapes2, and

still lifes’ (note the plural here is lifes, not lives). Some artists work in o ils (oil p a in ts )4, while others use w aterc olou rs’

T ạ i m ộ t cuộ c triể n la w h ộ i họ a có rấ t nhi ề u các lo ạ i tranh và t ranh v ẽ khác nhau đư ợ c tr iing bày: chẳ ng ìiạ ĩ ỉ tranh chăn dung , tranh phong canh nà tranh t ĩnh

v ậ t (chú ý ỉà li fes ch ứ khô ng phá i lives). Mộ i số h ọ a s ĩ vẽ bàng sơ n dầ u ( tranh s ơ n dầ u), trong khi đó mộ t sô khác lạ i dùng màu nư c.

Sty les v ar y too: some w or ks ofa r t a r e r e a l i s t i c , o t h e r s a r eabstract0. Ski l led ar t is ts use arange 0Í' t e c h n i q u e s to c r e a t e

different sorts of effects.Phong cách vẽ c ũ ng r ấ t đa dạ ng: Ỉ 7iộ t sô tác ph ẩ m ngh ệ t hua ị mang tính h iệ n th ự c, m ộ t số khác lạ i mang t ính t rừ u tư ợ ng. Các họ a sĩ tà i n đ n g d ù n g r ấ t n h iề u

phư ơ ng p h áp d ể tạ o ra nhữ ng k iể u ấ n tư ợ n g k há c nhau .




Glossary

exhibi t ion cuộ c triể n lãm a col lect ion of paint ings , objects , e tc . th areshown in public.

variety sự đa ơạng a number of different types of the same thin, vary V.

drawing tranh vẽ a p ictur e m ad e wi th a pencil , pen, e tc . , b ib not paint .

on display được trúng bay being show n in a plac e wh ere pe op le w see it.SYN on show.

s ty le phong cách the way tha t s th is pa in ted , draw n, buil t, e tc .

work o f a r t tác phẩ m nghệ thuậ t a very good pa in t ing , d rawing , book , e tc .

(a real ly great work of ar t , e.g. Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci ,i s a m a s t e r p i e c e ) .

real i s t ic mang tính hiệ n thự c showing th ings as they a re . rea l i sm N.

ski l led tài năng khéo léo having th e abi li ty and ex pe rien ce to d o s th wel l.

SYN expert .

techn ique phương pháp a part ic ular way of doing sth, often n eeding

special skills.

c r e a t e s t h tạ o ra điề u gì c au s e s t h n ew t o h ap p en ; p ro d u ce s t h n ew .so r t loại, kiểu a type or kind.

O l s the meaning th e sam e or different? Write s or D - Các câu này có cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► w aterc o lou rs 1 oil pa in t s . ..D ... 5 a so r t Ỉ a ty p e ........

1 a d raw ing I a pa in t ing .............. 6 a po rtrai t I a p ai nt in g ........

2 on displa y I on s ho w ....... 7 a still l ife I a la n d s c a p e ........

3 real is t ic I a b s t ra c t ....... 8 ski l led I e x p e rt ........

4 c r e a t e 1 m a k e s o m e t h in g n e w ..... 9 a wo rk of art I a pa in t in g ......

© Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài text

Pic as so is a gre at artist who wo rked in a ► wftxie.t<ị of differe nt (1)s ............ . some rea l i s t ic and o thers (2) a .............. He deve loped awide range of paint ing (3) t ............ He usually painted using (4)o but he l iked to (5) V. . . . . . . . . . . . .things and sometimes used( 6 ) w ............. .He loved to paint people, and pro du ce d a beaut i



230 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTERTAIN MENT

ful (7) p ............. of h is m oth er . Many pe op le bel ieve tha t h is real

( 8 ) m .............w a s Guern ica , wh i ch h e p a i n t ed d u r i n g t h e Sp an i s h

Civil W ar. In th e p a st , th e p ai nt in g w a s on (9) d ..............in (1 0)

e .............all ov er th e w orld, bu t it is now p er m an en tly in M adr id.

ỡ i Test yourself. Cover the words and look a t the p ic tures.™ Can you remember the words? Hãy che từ và nhìn vào

bức hình. Bạn có thể nhớ từ không?

B Photography - Việ c chụ p ả nh

ầ __digital camera photo ill bu111

Word

out of focus

focus on sth

transfer sth

(from .. . to . . .)

dev elop a film

automatic

studio

Example

The photos are out of focus.

I focused on the girl’s face.

Meaning

not showing things clearly. OPP in focus.

change the camera until the

ge is clear.I transferred the photos from move sth from one place to another.

the camera to a laptop.

Could I have this film developed, please?

With an automatic camera, photos are usually in focus.

She has a studio where she

does fashion photography.

make pictures from a piece of film using chemicals.

able to work by itself without direct human control.

a room where a photographer or

artist works.



MEDIA AND ENTERTAIN MENT 231

s p o tl i g h t photography, photograph,etc.

Photography is the act of taking pictures or photos/photographs. Someonewho does this as a job is a pho tographer; someone who does it as a hobby is an

amateur photographer.Việc chụp ảnh là hành động chụp những tấm hình. Người nào làm nghê' chụp ảnh

ƠƯỢc gọi là nhà nhiếp ảnh; người nào chụp ảnh như là một sở thích được gọi là nhà

nhiếp ảnh nghiệp dư.

0 Complete the ph rase s with words from the box - Hoàn thành cụm từ với các từ được cho trong khung-

p h o t o g r a p h e r c a m e r a f lash a fi lm

f o c u s s a lb um of f ilm focus lens

► in 5 d e v e lo p ..................

1 d ig i ta l ............... 6 rol l ................

2 z o o m ............... 7 buil t-in ................

3 a m a t e u r ............... 8 p h o t o ................4 out of ...............

©Write the words in the correct order to form sentences -Hãy viết các từ theo thứ tự đúng để thành Ịập câu.

► I / f i lm / please / rol l / have / a / couỉd /

1 can / studio / in / films / develop / she / her....................................

2 f r a m e / t h e / p u t / p h o t o / 1 / the / in.......................................

3 n ega t ive / two / p l eas e / o f / can / p r in t s / have / I / t h i s? ............

4 t he / focuse d / t he / in / he / girl / fo reg roun d / on ......................

5 ph otog raphers / autom at ic / o ften / cameras f amateur / bu y ......

6 y o u / c o m p u t e r / to / c a n / t h e / t ra n s f er / p i c tu r e s / t h e . . . ........




©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student -Hãy viết câu trả lời của bạn hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 A r e y o u i n t e r e s te d in p h o t o g r a p h y ? If s o, w h y ? .........................

2 W h a t ki nd of c a m e r a h av e y ou g o t? ................................

3 W h a t f e a t u r e s d o e s i t h a v e ? ...............................

4 W h a t k i n d s o f p r o b l e m s d o y o u h a v e w h e n y o u t a k e p i c t u r e s ? .




441 can talk about music Tôi có thể nóỉ về âm nhac

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - — ____________________ _ ___________________________________________« _______________________

A Musical instruments and musicians ắ i' Các nhạ c cụ và nhạ c sĩ

: x \ VV Ì'V

2 saxophone 3 flute 4 organ

6 piano 7 violin s cello 9 guitar

Franz Lizst was a co m p o se r but also a great pia n ist.Franz Lizs t đã là mộ t nhà soạ n nh ạ c nh ư ng c ủ ng là nghệ s ĩ chơ i đàn dư ơ ng cầ m rấ t tu yệ t vờ i.

Chris Martin is the lead singer and main songwriter in the rock band Coldplay.

Chris M artin là ca sĩ chính và ngư ờ i sả ng tác nhạ c chính trong nhạ c rock Cold play.

Mark Elder is the co n d u cto r of the Halle O rch estra .

M ark E lder là nhạ c tr ư ở ng củ a dàn nhạ c Haỉ lé.

the suffix-ist

We often use this suffix for the person who plays a particular instrument, e.g.guitarist, violinist, pianist, saxophonist/ cellist, organist But we saytrumpeter, drummer, and usually keyboard player. The word for a flute playerisflautist: note the change in spelling.

Chúng ỉa thường dùng hậu tố này để chỉ người chơi mộỉ loại nhạc cụ đặc biệt, chẳng

hạn: guitarist, violinist pianist, saxophonist, cellist organist. Nhu'ng chủng ỉa nói trong trumpeter, drummer , và thường nói keyboard player. Từ được dùng để chỉ một

người thổi sáo là flautist: chú ỷ sự thay đổi về cách viết




Glossarymusical instrument nhạc cụ a thing that is used for playing music,

musician nhạc sĩ a person who plays a musical instrument,

composer n h à s o ạ n n h ạ c a person who writes music, compose V.

lead singer ca sĩ chỉnh the main singer in a band,

songwr i t e r người viết nhạc a person who wri tes the words and

music for a song.

band ban nhạc a number of people who play music together. SAMgroup.

conductor nhạc trưởng the person in an orchestra who directs themusicians.

orchestra dàn nhạc a large group of musicians who play music together.

o Complete the words for the musical instruments, then write the person who plays them - Hoàn thành từ chỉ các nhạc cụ, rồi viết từ ch ỉ người chơi nhạc cụ đó.

/|°Â<?*«*ẹ 4 gu .................... / ..........

1 v i ............../ ......... 5 sax ......................./ .........

2 or .............../ ........ 6 ce ............./

3 tr......................./ ......... 7 fl .............../

e Complete the words in the sentences - Hoàn thành từ trong câu.► They both play in a rock .........

1 My brother plays the violin in an o ..............

2 Noel Gallagher plays the g ............. in the rock b ..............‘Oasis’, andhis brother . Liam is the 1.................... .singer.

3 Do you play a musical i............ ?

4 1don’t like modern c ..............such as Bartók and Stockhausen.5 Paul Simon sings and plays the guitar but is most famous as a s....

6 Mike’s playing guitar, but who is the keyboard p.... .........

7 There are five in the band and they’re all good m ..............

8 Sir Georg Solti was the c ..............of several wonderful orchestras.




A ^ Test yourself. Cover the words and look at the pictures.™ What are the instrume nts? - Hãy che từ và nhìn vào

bức hình. Những nhạc cụ đó là gì?

B Who do you admire? Bạ n hâm mộ ai?9 0

-------------------------------------------------

Music questionnaire

1 Write the name of a modern band or s o l o a r t i s t that you

a d m i r e .........

2 Has their music been i n f l u e n c e d by anyone/any

thing?.........

3 Do they write and r e c o r d their own music or play other people's?

I

>4 Do they often do liv e concerts? Have

you seen them play l i v e ? .......

5 What was the last a l b u m theyr e l e a s e d ? ..........

6 Why does the ir music a p p e a l to you?Is it because of:

a great voice / t a l e n t e d musicians / lovely m e l o d i e s / good ly r ic s ? .......

__________________________________ /

Glossarysolo artist ca sĩ không hát theo nhóm a singer or musician who is not part

of a band.

admire sb hãm mộ ai like sb and think they have achieved a lot.admiration N.

influence sb/sth tác động, ảnh hường tởi ai make a change to the way sbthinks, influence N.

>record sth ghi đĩa hoặc thu băng put music, a film, etc. onto a CD or tape,

recording N.

album album nhạc a collection of songs (often eight or ten).

release sth pháỉ hành thứ gì put an album onto the market so people can buy it. release N.

appeal to sb Ịôi cuốn ai be attractive or interesting to sb. appeal N.

voice giọng hát the sound a person makes when they talk or sing.

talented tài năng having a lot of ability, talent N.

melody giai điệu a series of musical notes in a particular order. SYNtune INF.

lyrics lời nhạc the words of a song.




Living, alive, live

Living and alive mean not dead', but alive is not used before a noun. He's one o f the greatest liv in g composers. Mozart isn t a live today.

Live ADJ, ADV (s ounds like five) me an s 's een or hea rd a s it is hap pe nin g'

We saw the band play live , then watched a recording o f the concert on TV.

Living và alive có nghĩa “không chết” nhưng alive không ớược dùng trước ơanh từ.

Ông ấy là một trong những nhà soạn nhạc còn sống. Ngày nay Mozart không còn

sôhg trên đời nữa.

Live (phát âm giống five) có nghĩa “được nghe hoặc được thấy khi nó đang xảy rã”.

Chúng tôi đã xem ban nhạc chơi nhạc sống, rồi sau đố xem đĩa ghi lại buổi hòa nhạc trẽn TV.

o Circle the correct answer - Hãy khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► James Brown isn’t live/ậlivè) any longer.

1 I like the tune but not the lyrics/melody.

2 Is he a solo/single artist?

3 I’ve never seen the band live/alive.

4 Katie Melua has a great tune/voice.

5 He’s one of the best living/alive songwriters.

6 The song has a beautiful melody/voice.

7 His music appeals/influences to me.

© Complete the text with words from the box - Hoàn thành bài text với các từ đã cho trong khung.

albums influenced talented s release appeals solo recorded admirerecording

Gilberto Gil is a Brazilian singer and guitarist, and one of his country’smost ► ...tttfeiUj&cl.... songwriters. As a young music ian in the 1950s,he was (1) ........... by the bossa nova style of Joao Giiberto, but hedidn’t (2) ...........his first album, Louvacao, until 1967. He travelledin the 1970s, (3) ...........an album in English, and, in 1980, introduced reggae to Brazil with his(4) ...........of the Bob Marley song,

s p ot l i g h t




‘Mo w o m a n , n o c r y ’. H e h a s p l a y e d w it h m a n y m u s i c i a n s , w h i le

c o n t i n u i n g h i s c a r e e r a s a ( 5 ) .............a r t i s t . I n a l l h e h a s p r o d u c e d

o v e r 4 0 ( 6 ) ............. Hi s m u s i c ( 7 ) ............. t o p e o p l e b e c a u s e o f

t h e r h y t h m a n d m e l o d i e s , b u t p e o p l e a l s o ( 8 ) ..............hi rn for h is

wo r k i n p o l i t i c s a n d f o r so c i a l c a u se s .

©ABOUT YOU Write your answers to the questionnaire, orask another student. Hãy viết câu trả lời cho bảng câu hòi hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.




451 can talk about people and places in sport Tôi c ó th ể nói về ngư ờ i và địa điể m trong

thể thao_________ _

____ __A People - Mọ i ngư ờ i 6~ì

W o rd E x a m p le M e an in g

r e f e r e e

r e f IN F

( se e p i c tu r e )

l i n e s m a n

The referee gave out

f ive ye l low c a r ds .

The linesman put his flag

(see picture) up for offside, but I think he was wrong.

manager

coach

J o s e M o u r in h o h a s b e e n

m anag er of Porto and Chelsea.

A n d y M u r ra y h a s a n e w t e n n i s

coach.

c a p t a i n F a b i o C a n n a v a r o w a s t h e I t a l i a n

c a p t a i n in the 2006 World Cup

sp e c t a t o r s S p e c t a t o r s r a n o n t o t h e p i t c h

(- the area where the game is played).

su p p o r t e r s M a n y f o o t b a ll s u p p o r t e r s t r a v e lal l over Europe to see their team

commentator I t h o u g h t t h e c o m m e n t a t o r w a s

t a l k i n g r u b b is h .

the of ficial pe rson in cont ro l in some sp or ts

(in t e n n i s t h i s is a n u m p i r e ) .

a person who helps the referee

in somes ports .

SYN referees assistant.

t h e p e r s o n i n c o n t r o l o f a

f oo tba l l t e a m ( a l so coa c h in som e

countr ies) .

a p e r s o n w h o g i v e s p r a c t i c a l

teaching to make sb better in a sport.

t h e p l a y e r w h o i s l e a d e r o f t h e

t e a m .

p e o p le w ho w a tc h a g a m e (a lso th e

crowd).

p e o p le w ho re g u la r ly w a tc h a te a m p la y . S Y N f a n s , su p p o r t V.

a p e r s o n w h o d e s c r i b e s a g a m e o n

T V o r t h e r a d io .

o Cover the spotlight box and complete the list of people -Hãy che khung spotlight và hoàn thành danh sách chỉ người.

► football ỊịO&ứAỊỊ&ầ... 4 motor racing,

1 golf........... . 5 ru gby...............

2 athletics............... 6 skiing..............

3 boxing ................ 7 gymnastics. ..




Suffix-er and p layer

We usually add -er or player to a noun or verb for the Berson who does a sport:

golfer, swimmer, skier, racing driver, boxer, tennis player, rugby player.

But: athletics/athlete, gymnastics/gymnast.Chủng ta thường thêm -e r hay player 1/ào danh từ hay động ỉừ để chỉ người chơi thể thao: golfer, swimmer, skier , racing driver , boxer , tennis player , rugby player. Nhưng athletics/athlete, gymnastics/gymnast.

e Circie the correct answer - Khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng .

► They have a special manage/^oach)to improve their fitness.

1 The capta in/m anager wears an armband during the game.

2 The referee/umpire gave hirn a red card.

3 I lead/support Real Madrid, and go to most of their home games.

4 In the men’s singles final at Wimbledon, they had a Portuguese

referee/umpire.5 There were 40,000 in the ground, of which about 5,000 were Arse

nal spectators/supporters.

©Complete the words in the text - Hoàn thành tử trong bài text.

‘There was trouble at last week’s game. Our 4 c.ajpfc/m...got a redcard in the second half for arguing with the (1) r ................ and thenthe other team scored a goal in the last minute, although the (2) 1...............had his (3) f ............... up for offside. Even the(4) c ...............on the radio thought it was offside, but the ref gave the goal. At theend of the match, some (5) f .............. who were in the (6) c ...............then ran onto the (7) p ............. , and the referee had to havea police escort. In the press conference afterthe game, our (8)

m ...............was still very angry.’

s p o t ligh t




B Placcs - Địa điể mThe Camp Nou st a d iu m , the gr ou n d of Barcelona t football clu b , is the largest stadium in Europe with a capacity of 98,800 spectators.

Trong sân v ậ n đ ộ ng Camp Nou , săn củ a câu lạ c hộ bóng đá Barcelona, là

sân v ậ n đ ộ ng l n nh ấ t củ a Cháu Au có sứ c chứ a lèn đ ế n 98 .800 khán qiả .Hochenheim is a motor-racing circuit where the German Grand Prix som etimes tak es place. One lap of the track is 4.574 kins.

H ochenheim là m ộ t đư ờ ng dua xe môtô nơ i mà thing th oả ng có d iễ n ra giả i German Grand Prix. Mộ t vòng c ủ a đư ờ ng đua này khoả ng 4.574 km.

The Centre Court at Wimbledon is famous worldwide. Now thev have co n str u c te d the new roof, the All England C h am p ion sh ip won’t be i n t e r r u p t e d because of rain.

Sân thì đ ấ u Centre Ở Wimbledon rấ t n ổ i tié ììg trên th ế gi i. Giờ đây ngư ờ i ta đã xây xong m ái che m i, n ề n giả i th ỉ đ ẩ u A l l Eng land sẽ không bị cắ t ngang VI trờ i mư a.

A Standa rd Olympic sw im m ing poo l is 50 m etr es lon g, 25 m etr es w ide , and has a m inim um de pth of two metres.

Hồ bơ i Olympic theo t iêu chuẩ n dài 50m, rộ ng 25m và có độ sâu tố i thi ể u là 2m.

long, w ide deep

Long, wide, and deep can describe measurements.The poo! is 50 m e tres iong.= The length of the pool is 50 metres.The pool is 25 metres wide.= The width of the pool is 25 metres.The pool is 2 metres deep.= The

depthof the pool is 2 metres.

Long, wide và ơeep cố thể được ơùng ơể miêu tả sự ơo lường. Cái hồ này ơàí 50 mét.

Cái hồ này rộng 25 mét

Cái hồ này sâu 2 mét

s p o t l i g h t




Glossary

stadỉum sân vận động a large structure where people sit and watch sport.

ground sân thi đấu an area of land where a game is played and peoplewatch.

club câu lạc bộ A football club is the team, the managemen and theground.

capacity sức chứa the amount or number that a space or container willhold.

circuit đường đua an area of land, often in a circle, where a race takes

place . SYNC track.lap vòng đua one journey around a track.

court sân thi đấu tennis, bóng rổ hay bóng chuyền a place where tennis, basketball , or badminton are played.

worldwide khắp nơi trên thế giới everywhere in the world. SYNC all overthe world.

construct sth xây dựng thứ gỉ build or make sth. construction N.

championship cuộc thi giành chức vô địch a competition to find the best player or team in a sport.

interrupt sth cắt ngang việc gì stop the progress of sth for a short period* of time.

standard theo tiêu chuẩn normal; average.

minimum tôi thiểu smallest possible or smallest allowed. OPP maximum.

©Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

► Wor ldw ide means ..........

1 The noun from long is.......................... ......................

2 A synonym for c i rcu i t is...........................................

3 The noun from wide is ...............................................

4 The opposite of min imum is.........................................

5 The noun from deep is...........................................

6 The noun from construct is...........................................

7 One journey round a track is a ..........................................




0 Complete the words in each text - Hoàn thành từ trong mỗi bài text.

1 Liverpool Football 4 Club.................. is planning to c .................. a

new football s ................. with a c .................. of over 60,000.2 The Chinese Grand Prix is raced over 56 I of the Shanghai Inter

national c ................. It’s the most expensive t ...................ever c .................. .costing $240m.

3 The French Open Tennis c .at Roland Garros is famousw .................as the only one of the four major tournaments that is played on clay c .................s.

4 Unfortunately we don’t have a s .................Olympic swimming p..:..............The one we use for competitions is only 25 metres1 and 15 metres w................Theis one metre, and them ................. is two metres.




461 can describe sporting events Tỏ i có thể mô tả các sự kỉệ n thể thao---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_ — ____ __________ * _____ c-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A The Olympics - Thế Vậ n Hộ i

• The first games too k pla ce in 776 BC, with one co m p et itio n , a race of about 192 metres.

Cuộ c th i đ ấ u đ ầ u t iên diễ n ra vào năm 776 trư c Công nguyên, v i m ộ t cuộ c tranh tài, một cuộ c đua khoả ng 192 mét.

• The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 with 241 co m p eti to rs t a k i n g p a r t i n n in e sp o rts : a t h l e t i c s l , c y c l i n g 2, f en c in g * ,g y m n a stic s”, w eig h tlift in g ’, shooting*, swimming, tennis, and w r e ồ tlin g \ By 2004, there were over 11,000 people co m p eti n g in 28 sports. ‘

Th ế V ậ n Hộ i hi ệ n đ ạ i nh ấ t đ ầ u tiên đư ợ c d iễ n ra vào Tíăni 1896 v i 241 ngư ờ i d ự thi tham gia tranh tài ở 9 môn th ể thao: đi ề n k inh, đua xe đ ạ p ,

đấ u kiế m , th ể d ụ c, cử tạ , bắ n sủ ng, bơ i lộ i, tennis và đ ấ u vậ t. N ăm 2004 có hơ n ĩ ỉ . 000 ngư ờ i tham gia trong 28 môn th ể thao.

• Gymnast Larissa Latynina h o ld s the re co rd for the most Olympic m ed a ls (18).

Chuyên v iên th ể d ụ c Laris s La tyn ina g iành đư ợ c k ỷ lụ c là đ ạ t đư ợ c nhiề u huy chư ơ ng Olympic nhấ t (18).

• Boxing is now the only Olympic sport where p ro fe ss io n a ls are not

allowed to compete.Giờ đây môn quyề n Anh là môn th ể thao duy nh ấ t ở g iả i Olympic mà trong đó nh ữ ng vậ n đ ộ ng v iên chuyên nghiệ p không đư ợ c phép th i đ ấ u .



244 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTE RTAIN MENT

Glossary

take place xảy ra, diễn ra (used about a meeting or an event) happen.

competition cuộc tranh tài a situation in which two or more people are

trying to win sth or be better than sb (a person trying to win is acom pet itor), com pete V. competitive ADJ.

race cuộc đua a competition to see who is fas tes t or best, or who wins.

take part in sth tham gia cái gì đó join with other people in an activity.SAND participate.

medal huy chương a piece of metal given to an athlete who comes 1st,2nd, or 3rd.

professional chuyên nghiệp a person who plays a sport for money astheir job. OPP amateur.

record

A record is the best performance in something, especially sport.

She holds the record for the long jump. (She has the record.)

He broke the record in the 100 metres. (He set a new record.)Kỷ lục ià thành tích ơạỉ được xuất sắc nhất trong ỉĩnh vực nào đó đặc biệt là thể thao.

Cô ấy đạt được kỷ Ịục cho bộ môn nhảy xa.

Anh ấy đẫ phá kỷ lục chạy ở cự ly 100 mét

o Complete the words for sports - Hoàn thành từ chỉ môn

thao .► shoo........... 2 weight........................ 4 eye . 6 ware.

1 3 fen..... 5 ath..

© C irc le the correct answer(s). Bothansw ers may be co rrec tHãy khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng,cả hai câu trả lời có thểđúng.

► It’s a long (raceymedal.

► It was a hard faceyCompetition.)

1 How many people took piace/took part?

spotlight




2 Anyone can take part/participate.

3 He broke the record/competition.

4 The race takes place/takes part on Tuesday.

5 Did she win a race/medal?

6 Does she hold/carry the record?

© Complete the se nten ces - Hoàn thành câu.

► How many sportsmen and women took in the last Olympics?

1 The 2012 Olympics will...........place in London.

2 it’s hard for poor countr ies t o .against rich countries in cer tain events.

3 A Russian gymnast holds the..........for the most Olympic medals won.

4 There are a few Olympic amateurs, but now most of the ...........are

3 The marathon (just over 42 kms) is the longest ...........on foot at the

Olympics.6 My uncle won a silver .........in the shooting..........at the 1984 Olympics.

^ Test yourself . Cover the words and look at the pictures.^ ™ W hat are th e s p o rt s? Hãy che từ và nhìn vào bức hình .

Đó là môn thể thao gì?




B Winners and losers Ngư ờ i thắ ng cuộ c và kẻ thua cuộ cIn a very o n e - s i d e d contest, Roger Federer d e f e a t e d Andy Roddick 6- 4, 6-0, 6-2 in the s e m i -f in a l of the Australian Open to go through to his tenth grand slam final. Federer won the first set quite easily, then broke Roddick’s r e s i s t a n c e in the second with some b r i l l i a n t tennis. Afterwards, Roddick was very c r itic a l of his own p e rf o r m a n c e, but praised h is o p p o n e n t for some o u t s t a n d i n g tennis. Federer ịs now clearly the f a v o u r i t e to take his third Australian open, and tenth grand slam o v era ll . This would put him just one behind Rod Laver, a tremendous a c h i e v e m e n t for someone who is still only 25.

Trong mộ t tr ậ n th i đ ấ u r ấ t là không cân sứ c, Roger Federer đõ đánh b ạ i A n d y Roddick 6-4, 6-0, 6-2 ở tr ậ n bán k ế t củ a giả i úc mở rộ ng đ ể ti ế n th ẳ ng vào tr ậ n chung k ế t qua 10 l ầ n th ắ ng trong các cuộ c thi. Federer t h ắ ng sé t th i đ ấ u đ ầ u tiên quá dề dàng, sau đó đánh b ạ i s ự c ố găng

R oddick ở sé t th ử 2 bắ ng m ộ t số cứ đánh te nnis ngoạ n mụ c. Tiế p sau đó, Roddick tự phê bìn h cuộ c thi đấ u củ a m ình, n hư n g ca ngợ i đ ố i th ủ về m ộ t s ố cú đánh tennisxu ấ t sắ c. Federer bây g iờ h iể n nhiên là ứ ng c ử v iên d à n h đư ợ c c hiế n th ắ n g ở g iả i Uc m ở rộ ng ỉầ n t hứ 3 củ a a nh , v.à tổ n g cộ ng là 10 lầ n g iành đư ợ c ch iế n th ắ ng liên tụ c ở các tr ậ n đấ u . Điề u này g iúp đư a anh t i vị tr í chỉ đ ứ ng sau Rod Laver, mộ t thành t ích thi đ ấ u rấ t vang dộ i đ ố i v i ai tham gia thi đ ấ u khi chỉ m i 25 tuổ i.

s p o tl i g h t 1 defeat

As a verb, to defeat sb means to be stronger or better than somebody in a game,fight, etc. SYN beat sb.

Italy defeated Wales 2-0 in the last match they played.

As a noun, a defeat is an occasion when you dont win something.

We won our first match, then followed it with three defeats.Vởì chức năng Ịà động từ; defeat sb có nghĩa là mạnh hơn hoặc giỏi hơn người khác trong 1 cuộc thi đấu, trận đánh.....

Đội ấy đã đánh bại độị Wales với tỉ số 2-0 trong trận ơánh cuối cùng mà họ tham gia.

Với chức năng là danh từ, từ defeat chỉ một dịp khi mà bạn không giành được thẳng lợi

Chúng tôi đã thắng trận đấu đầu tiên, rồi sau đó bị thất bại ba lần liên tiếp.




Glossary

one-sided không cân sue If a game is one-sided, one person or team ismuch better than the other.

contest cuộc thì đấu an activity between two players or teams to seewho is best.

semi-final trận bán kết one of two games to decide who plays in the final.

final trận Chung kết the last game or match in a competition.

resistance sự kháng cự'the action of trying to stop sth happening or stopsb do ing s th . re s is t V.

brilliant ngoạn mục very good, clever, or skilful. SAND outstanding.

critical of sth/sb chỉ trích ai saying what is wrong with sth/sb. criticizesth/sb V.

performance sự thì đấu, sự thể hiện the way in which sb plays or does sth.perform V.

praise sb /s th ca ngợi ai say that sb/sth is very good, praise N.

opponent đối thủ a person who plays against you in a sport orcompetition.

favourite ứng cử viên the person d f team who isexpected to win. COPPoutsider.

overall tổng cộng including everything; in total.

achievement ỉhàrìh tích a thing that you have done successfully throughhard work or ski l l , achieve s th V.

© Complete the sentence s - Hoàn thành câu.

► The noun related to perform

1 The noun related to achieve is.................

2 The verb related to critical is ...................

3 The noun related to resist is................. .

4 The noun related to praise is ...................

5 Outstanding is a synonym for .................6 An outsider is the opposite of a.................

7 Beat sb is the same as .................




© Complete the sentenc es - Hoàn thành câu .

4 We were Ạ&Ịị»AtRd..Àn the semi-final, which was very disap pointing.

1 Nadal won the match in the end, but it was a great ................. between them.

2 He was the winner in 1998, 2003, and again in 2008, so th at’sthree titles.................

3 Bjorn Borg won Wimbledon five times, which is a fantastic ................

4 He was the . so we expected him to win, but it was a very

one- ................. contest.5 Tiger Woods aims for perfection and is always very .................

of his own performance.

6 Who will her ................. be in the final? - I don’t know. It depends onthe other ........................ -final.

0 M Test yourself . Cover the glossary m ean ings and look at» th e w o rd s. W hat a re th e m ean i n g s? Hãy che nghĩa





47 I can talk about booksTôi có thể nói về các loạ i sách

---------------------------------- ------- -------------------------------------------------m. ______________

A Types of book - Các loạ i sách

reference book sảch tham khảo a bpok you use to find a piece ofinformation.

encyclopedia sách bách khoa toàn thư a book or set of books that givesinformation about mans different subjects, arranged in alphabeticalorder.

manual sách hướng dẫn a book that tells you how to do or use sth suchas a car of a computer,

catalogue danh mục liệt kê a complete list of things you can buy or seesomewhere,

pleasure cảm giác thích thủ a feeling of enjoyment.

I read a huge amount.

As an editor, Fm always using refe ren ce book s

such as dictionaries , e n c y c l o p e d i a s ,

m a n u a l s , c a t a l o g u e s ,

and so on But I read a

lot for pleasure too, and

I particularly like poetry.

At home all my books are

arranged in alphabetical I order (I know that’s a

bit strange!). I’ve got loads o f n o v e l s , m ur d e r m y s t e r ie s , s c ie n c e

fic tio n , etc. But there is no n

fiction as well;

I read quite a lot of biographies.

My husband says Fm book-crazy.

Tôi đọ c ỉ'ấ t nhiề u loạ i sách. Là biên tậ p viên, tôi luôn dùng các loạ i sách tham kháo như từ điể n, bách khoa toàn tỉuí , sách hư ng dầ n

và danh mụ c ỉiệ t kè...như ng tôi củ ng đọ c các loạ i sách dể giả i tri và tôi đặ c biệ t rấ t thích thơ . Ớ nhà tấ t cả các quyế n sách củ a tôi đề u đư ợ c sắ p xế p theo’ thứ tự bả ng chừ cái (tôi biế t ràng điề u'đỏ hơ i ỉạ ỉ). Tôi có nỉliều chồ ng sách tiể u thuyế t,

truyệ n trinh thám, truyệ n khoa họ c viễ n tư ở ng...như ng tôi cũ ng có nhữ ng quyể n sách viế t về đờ i thậ t việ c thậ t; tôi đọ c rấ t nhiề u hồ i ky. Chồ ng tôi nói rang tôi

Là mộ t ngư ờ i nghiệ n sách.



250 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTERTA INMENT

poetry tho' poems in general (a poem is a piece of writing arranged

in short lines which express thoughts and feelings through soundand rhythm).

alphabetical theo thứ tự bảng chữ cái listed in the same way as thealphabet: A, B, c, etc.

novel tiểu thuyết a book that tells a story about people or events thatare not real.

mystery truyện trinh thám a story in which the events are only explainedat the end (e.g. a murder mystery).

science fiction truyện khoa học viễn tưởng books about events that take

place in the future, often involving travel in space.SYN sci-fi INFnon-fiction viết về người thật việc thật books about real facts, people,events, etc. OPP fiction.

biography hồi kỷ the story of sb ’s life written by someone different (an

o Complete the table with words from the box - Hoàn thành

bảng với từ được cho ở trong khung.catalogue V murder mystery autobiography manual

reference book encyclopedia novel biography sci-fi

Fiction Non-fiction

......................... .........................


► A dictionary is arranged in .£?íĩk^.ụ.9£?orđer.

1 If you don’t know the d ate of the French Revolution, look it up in

an ........................2 Shakespeare is famous for his plays, but he also wrote beauti

fu l ...... .................. ’

3 Dictionaries are a kind of ........................ book.

4 What kind of books do you read for ....................in the evenings?




5 Do you read crime stories? ~ Yes, I’m reading a murd e r ........................... at the moment.

6 What’s the tenth leder of the ? ........................ ~ It’s ‘J \

7 Did David Beckham write his life story himself? ~ Yes, it’shis..............................

8 If you don’t know how your camera works, you should look inthe..............................

0 Test yourself. Look at the glos sary w ords and cover the™ meanings. What are the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ ở

glossaryvà che nghĩa lại . Nghĩa của từ là gì?

B Choosing a book - Chọ n sách ố iBooksellers’ survey: how did you choose the last book you read?

Cuộ c kh ả o sá t c ủ a nh ữ ng ngư ờ i bán sách: b ạ n đã chọ n quyể n sách b ạ n đọ c gầ n đ ây nh ấ t nh ư th ế n ào ?

The title and front cover just attrac ted my a tten tion .Tiêu đề và bìa sách thu hút SƯ chú ý củ a tôi.

I was browsing in a bookshop. I just picked up a paperback that looked interesting.

Tôi đã xem lư t các quyể n sácỉi trong hiệ u sách. Tôi chỉ chọ n ra đư ợ c, môt quyể n sách bìa mề m trông rấ t hấ p dẫ n. ______________________________

A recommendation by a friend - ho said it was very readable and well w ritten.

Do m ộ t ngư ờ i bạ n gi i th i ệ u - anỉ i ấ y nói. rang nó rấ t (láng d ể đ ọ c

và viế t rấ t hay.

It was a gift, but I like the auth or so I was really pleased.

N ổ là m ộ t món quà , như ng tôi r ấ t thích tác giả vì thể tôi rất là hài lòng.

I looked through the first chapter - it looked fascinating.

Tôi đã đọ c lư t qua chư ơ ng dầ u tiên- nó trông rấ t thứ vị.




Glossary

title tên sách the name of a book, play, film, etc.

coverbìa sách

the outside part of a book, magazine, etc.attract sb’s thu hút sự chú ý của ai If sth at tracts your a ttention , it attentioninterests you so that you want to look at it.

browse xem lướt qua spend time pleasantly in a shop looking at things.

paperback sách bìa mềm a book with a thick paper cover (a hardbackhas a hard cover).

readable đảng để đọc easy or interesting to read.

gift món quà a thing that you give to sb, e.g. for their birthday.SYN present.

author tác giả the writer of a particular book, play, etc.

look through sth xem lưởt qua read sth quickly. SYNC skim sth.

chapter chương one of the par ts into which a book is divided,

fascinating rất hấp dẫn, thủ wvery interesting.

Compound adjectives with wel l _____________________

There are many adjectives consisting of well + past participle, egg. well written(of a book, article, etc.), well informed (= knowing a lot about a subject), wellknown (= famous).

Có nhiều tính từ bao gồm well + past paritìciple, vd: well written (nói về một quyển

sách, bài báo) well imformed(=biếỉ rất nhiều về một đề tài), well known(= nổi tiếng)

0 Tick ( S) the correct sen ten ce ending - Hãy đánh dấu tick (o vào cuối câu đúng .

► Who is the author 0 gif t □ ?

1 The cover adracted my chapter □ / attention □ .

2 The author was toe// k nown □ well wr i t ten □ .

3 1read the second title □ chapter □ .

4 The book looked very readable Dwel l in formed □ .

5 1wanted the cheaper one, so 1bought the hardback □ paperback □ .

6 I was in a bookshop the other day, just attract ing □ browsing □ .

s p o t l i g h t





My cousin has just wriden a reference book. He not ...............known, but he’s a good (1) a ............. His book might adract a lot of (2) a ............ because it’s called ‘How to make a lot of money by doingvery little’ - isn’t that a great (3) t ............1 It’s being published inhardback and (4) p ............. 1 read the first (5) c ............about sellingthings on the internet, and it’s really (6) f ............- 1couldn’t put itdown. On the front (7) c ............there’s a picture of my cousin in bedwith his laptop; it’s a bit silly. But it’s a funny book and it’s (8) wellw ............

©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student -Viết câu trả lời của bạn, hoặc hỏị học viên khác .

1 What kind of books do you find most fasc ina ting?.....................

2 What kind of reference books do you use most often?.....................

3 Do you enjoy browsing in bookshops? ....................

4 Are you ever adracted to a book just by the cover?.....................

5 Do you have more paperbacks or hardbacks? Why?.....................

^ Test yourself. Cover the glossary words and look at the meanings. What are the words? Hãy che từ Ở glossary và nhìn vào nghĩa của chúng. Đó là từ gì?




48 I c a n describe festivals ft9 0 \ /V

'—/ —I A( >» I I A A «/ A I A f Ạ * /ỏ i cổ the mo ta ve le hoi

BIGC.n.ST TOMATO FIGHT

riic event tiikes place every Auyusr inBunoL Spjin People come from a ll OVOIthe world to participate in this hugesocial occasion, which includes music,

parades, (lancing, anti fireworks. Themain evoin. is a tomato fight in which100 tons of ovor npe tomatoes cuethrown in tlie streets. Irucks bring the

tomatoes into the town, and tilt* fightbegins: it ends afier exactly one hour.No one is very sure how or why thisfestival suirtod!

L A T O M A T IN A : L Ê H Ộ I N É M CẢ CH Ư A L Ớ N N H Ấ T T R Ê N T H Ế G IỞ I

S ự k iệ n này x ả y ra vào tháng

T ám h ằ n g n ăm ở B u n o l, Tây Ban Nha. Ngư ờ i ta đ ế n từ kh ắ p nơ i trên th ế gi i đế tham, gia vào l ễ hộ i quan trọ ng ìiày, bao gồ m: ả m nhạ c, diề u hành, khiêu vũ và bắ n

pháo hoa. S ự k iệ n chính là m ộ t cuộ c chiế n cà chua v i 100 t ấ n cà chua ch ín n ẫ u đư ợ c ném trên đư ờ ng p h ố N h ữ n g chiế c xe tả i ma ng cà chua vào thàn h ph ố , và

cuộ c đ ấ u bắ t đầ u; cuộ c đ ấ u kế t th ứ c sau g ầ n 1 g iờ đ ồ n g hồ . Không ai biế t rõ lờ bằ ng cách nào hay tạ i sao lễ h ộ i này b ắ t đ ầ u ĩ

CHERRY BLOSSOM FESTIVAL, JAPAN

Ch(‘ny blossom IS tím national flower o f

Japan And as spring approaches, people

make specidl trips to various viewing sites lúsee the first signs of the cherry trees in i'ovwrThe trees dre sometimes lit up 01night rtiffestival includes dll sorts of delicious food,

games, rides, parades, folk music, religion',(.oremomes, and a beauty contest

L Ễ H Ộ I H O A A N H D À O , Ở N H Ậ T B A N

Hoa anh đào là loài hoa truyề n th ố ng cứ a N h ậ t Băn. Và mỗ i lầ n m ùa xuân đ ế n ngư ờ i ta tiế n h àn h n h ữ n g c hu yế n đi đặ t biệ t đ ế n các k hu n gắ m cả n h k há c n ha u đ ể x em n h ữ n g d ấ u h iệ u đầ u t iê n củ a hoa a nh đ à o. Vào ban đê m nh ữ ng cây này đư ợ c th ắ p đèn sáng lên. L ễ h ộ i này bao g ồ m t ấ t cả các loạ i th ứ c ân tuyệ t h ả o, các trò chơ i đua xe đ ạ p , d iễ u hành , nh ạ c dân g ian, l ễ h ộ i tôn g iáo và cuộ c th i ngư ờ i đ ẹ p .




' n 11; RI o c: A R >; IV AI (<: Ak N \ V. \ r iO nc ol the' most I ihirfU tcrl i i inn icnls in

■-* t h e w o r k ! . ( i a r i i i v I S ,1 w i U I u >11 f i l . i v V. I i c l ) i a i | ( >11

o i n u i s u , c L i i i v A. , u u i I;m h I ai ul 1 In Ilk , J i ( >\vt Kit I.

.-J ^1C means a lot to the |>c*tp!c I l l ' l l ! the* p o o i c s t n e i g h b o u r h o o d s , w i l l ) S ị v iu ! m o n t h s

| in prep ar a t io n. Il i s .UI u pp ul i u n i iv lo i i lii. wI ioU '

A i c o m m u n i t y l o >.M> I Hit a n t i h i i v e l u n lí u y i ỉ U T í t 1 'IUỈS

I W i ll i t h e N u m b a I ' li i i u i i ' , I II ]' w h k h { I K' Ị V I l o r n ie r - -

-. ì J19 i J \ t i r css u p iu ÍỈH’ mo st s l r i k i i iy c o stu m e s

v ứ m r ^ ầ , 1NGÀY HỘI RIO CARNIVAL.

Mộ t trong nhữ ng lễ hộ i giả i trí độ c đáo nhấ t trên thể gi i, Carnival là mộ t dịp lề hộ i cự c kì náo nhiệ t trong vòng bố n ngày, gồ m có âm nhạ c, khiêu vủ và thư ở ng thứ c các loạ i thứ c ăn uà đồ uổ ng, ở trên khắ p Rio. Sự kiệ n này có ý nhĩa rấ t quan trọ ng đố i v i ngư ờ i dân đế n từ các miề n lân cậ n nghèo nhẩ u nhữ ng ngư ờ i đã bỏ qua rấ t nhiề u tháng để chuẩ n bị cho lề hộ i. Đó là cơ hộ i cho toàn thể cộ ng đồ ng đi ra ngoài và cùng nhau vui chơ i. Sự kiệ n này kế t thúc v i vũ điệ u samba, trong vù điệ u này nhữ ng ngư ờ i trình diễ n đã ăn mặ c chỉnh tề trong nhữ ng bộ trang phụ c lộ ng lầ y nhấ t .

spotlight festival, carn ival, parade

A festival is a day or days when people celebrate something, often a religiousevent. A carnival is like a festival with people dancing and playing music in thestreets. A parade is an organized event in which people move (parade v) throughthe streets, often on special vehicles, wearing coktumek (special clothes), and playingmusic.

Từ festival là từ chỉ ngày hay các ngày lễ hội khi mà người ta tổ chức lễ hội, thường là

một lễ hội mang tỉnh tôn giáo. ’Từ carnival có nghĩa giống festival để chỉ một lễ hội có nhiều người nhảy múa và chơi nhạc trên đường phố. Còn từ parade để chỉ một sự kiện có tổ chức trong đó mỗi người cùng nhau di chuyển trên đường phố, thường là bằng

các loại xe đặc biệt, mặc các ỉrang phục (quần áo rất đặc biệt) và cùng nhau chơi nhạc.

Glossary

participate (in sth) tham gia vào hoạt động gì become part of an activity.

SAND take part in sth.

occasion ơịp a time when sth happens.

fireworks pháo hoa objects that bum or explode in the sky with coloursand noise.




ton tấn a unit for measuring weight in Britain (one ton = 1,016kilograms).

throw sth ném thứ gì use your hand and arm to send an object throughthe air.

blossom hoa a flower or mass of flowers especially on fruit trees inspring.

approach sb/s th tiếp cận ai/ thứ gì com e nearer to sb/sth.

light sth up thắp sáng thứ gì make sth bright with light. SAN illuminate sth.

con tes t CUỘC thi a competit ion to see who is the best (e.g. a beauty contest).

spectacular rất ấn tượng ngoạn mục very impressive; large, beautiful, and

often with lots of colour.entertainment hoạt động giải trí an activity that people enjoy watching

and listening to, e.g. theatre, film, music (the people who entertainyou are entertainers).

wild náo nhiệt exciting and enjoyable.

mean a lot to sb có ý nghĩa rất quan trọng với ai be veryimportantto sb.

neighbourhood vùng lẫn cận an area of a town and the people who live

there.community cộng đồng all the people who live in an area or town,

have fun vui chơi thưởng ỉhức enjoy yourself.

dress up mặc đồ chỉnh tề put on special clothes either for fun or for aformal event.

striking lộng lẫy, nổi bặt very attractive in a way that causes people

to notice.

OFind one spell ing mistake in each sentence. Write thecorrect word at the end - Trong mỗi câu hãy tìm một từ sai chính tả. Hãy viết từ đúng ở cuối cảu.

► The event is really designed to serve the local.

1 it was really amazing to see the trees iluminated at night...............

2 Cameval takes place once a year, usually during the holiday season ..... ........

3 As we aproached the centre, we saw that the entertainment hads ta r ted ...............



MEDIA AND ENTERTAINME NT 257

4 It was a really espectacular evening, which we will never for g et ................

5 The fastival takes place every three years ..............

6 The display of firewerks was absolutely amazing ...............

7 They picked tuns of grapes ..............

8 Spring is the time when people make special trips to see the treesin blossum ..............

© Match 1-8 with a-i. - Hãy nôi các câu từ 1 đến 8 với các câu từ a đến /.

► The trees are covered in.e.... a contest.

1 Fireworks...... b flowers at the entertainers.

2 The crowd threw ...... c lit up the night sky.

3 The festival means ...... d fun together.

4 Everyone just wants to have ...... e blossom, s

5 People dress up in...... f take part in the event.

6 Lots of people want to ...... g occasion .

7 There is even a beauty ...... h a lot to the community.

8 It was a very wild...... i special costumes.

© Replace the word or phra se in italics with one which has asimilar meaning - Hãy thay thê từ hoặc cụm từ được in nghiêng bằng một từ có nghĩa tương tự.

► We had a good time watching the carnival parade ..fc**...

1 How many people took part in the event? ...........

2 We were going to a party so we decided to put on special clothesfor it ...........

3 The church is usually l it up at night............4 -She was wearing a very attractive and unusual dress ............

5 It’s a great time because everyone goes onto the streets ............

6 The festival is an important event in the local area where I

Hue.............



258 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTE RTAI NMEN T

o Complete the questions- Hoàn thành câu hỏi. ABOUT YOUR

1 Wh at is the mo st im po rtant f ...... or c ..... in your country? ......

2 Do peop le p .....through the streets as a part of it? .......................

3 Do you have other kinds of e during it? , .......................

4 Have you ever t .... p ..... in a parade? If so, what did you do? .......................

5 Have you ever d .... u ..... in a special costume for a festival?

If so, what did you wear? .......................

6 Are there any special o when you have f.....at night? .;......

7 Do these different events m a lot to you personally?

8 Would you like to p in any of the festivals on page 124? .......................

Which ones) and why? ....................

©ABOUT YOUR COUNTRY Write your answers to the questions in Exercise 4, or ask another student. Hãy viết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi ở Exercise 4, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

M Test yourself. Cover the words in the glossary and look ^ at the meanings. Say the words. Hãy che từ Ở glossary

và nhìn vào nghĩa của chủng. Cho b iết từ đó.




Review: Media and entertainment Ôn tậ p: Truyề n thong và cỊỈả i trí

Unit 411 One word is wrong in each line. Cross it out and write the

correct word at the end - Trong mỗi hàng có một từ sai. Hãy gạch bỏ từ đó và viết từ đúng ở cuối câu.

► I spent the whose day waiting for the electrician to comefefe .....

1 The president received many death threads during his life.............

2 Sales of newspapers have reclined over recent years..............

3 I worry a lot about bomb stares where I live .............

4 Are you interested in currant affairs?............

5 I saw a huge demonstration today; people were protecting about thewar .............

6 Do you usually get a dairy paper? - Yes, I get The Times..............

2 One word is missing from each sentence. Where from? Writea word from the box at the end. Ở mỗi câu có một từ thiếu, ộ vị trí nào? Hãy viết từ được cho trong khung vào cuối cảu.

cultural editor pension made journalist claims headline

► I A a promise to help her, so 1will do it.***4?1 I enjoy all sorts of events, such as exhibitions and concer ts ........

2 1think he must receive a because he’s nearly 70 ........

3 1saw a strange newspaper the other day: ‘Man bites dog’.......

4 She’s in charge of the local newspaper; 1believe she’s been the for three years .......

5 The government that it can cut crime by 20 per cent this year but Idon’t believe it.......

6 My cousin’s a newspaper; he writes articles about currentafairs.........




Unit 42

1 Co mp lete the cro ssw ord . What is the w o r d in the greysquares? Hoàn thành ô chủ: Từ trong ô vuòng xám là từ gì?

1

■“X T T T l2

3

I II4 1

r "

II

6

7

■ " T T í I8

i I1 the process of deciding which parts of a film to show.

2 film

3 the part an actor plays

4 the person who comes first in a competition

5 extraordinary; very much beder than usual6 the series of events that form the story of a film

7 not as good or interesting as you had hoped

8 rude language that may upset people

The leders in the grey squares make the word

Unit 431 Which words or ph rase s are being defined? Cụm từ hoặc từ

nào được định nghĩa?

► an paintings: a collection of paintings which areon display to the public

1 an ................camera: one which works by itself

2 an.................painting: a painting that shows the artist's feelingsrather than showing the exact appearance of people or things

3 a ................ a place where an artist or photographer works



MEDIA AND ENTERTA INMENT 261

4 focus: not able to be seen clearly

5 a .....

6 a .....

7 a .....

8 a .....

Unit 44

drawing: one that shows things as they really are

: a painting or drawing of the countryside

: a type or kind

artist: an artist who has a lot of ability and experience

1 Complete the words. Then write p next to those tha t are people - Hoàn thành từ. Rồi viết p kế bèn các từ chỉ người.

1 Tick (✓ ) the two correct words or ph rases “ Hãy đánh dấu tick (S) ở hai cụm từ hoặc hai từ đúng .

► five thousand spectators P I commentators □ supporters 0

1 a football ground □ stadium □ circui t □

2 a tennis l ap Dcou r t □ umpire □

3 the new spectator □ coach. □ manager □

4 a motor-racing t rack Dq ground □ circui t □

5 a football club referee □ umpire

6 a wor ldwide □ deep standard □ pool

► r&.cft.rd ► v.ị.

7 t r... m

8 .....

9 f 1.......t...s t...

10 g ........ t ...r...st...

11 s... x .. .p h.. .n .........

12 s... Ỉ........r t...s t ...



262 REVIEW: MEDIA AND ENTERTAINME NT

2 Complete the sentences with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu vởi từ phù hợp.

4 The other members of the team chose hirn as their c.<3L|p.£.fti.*c

1 They’re ............. a new stadium. It will be finished next year.

2 The ground has a ............. of 50;000.

3 1watch my team every week. I’ve............. them for 25 years,

4 Alonso completed the last............. of the circuit in one minute and37 seconds.

5 The game was ........... for 25 minutes because the lights went out.6 A ............. of 28,000 watched the last game.

7 Who won the Drivers’ World ............. last year?

8 The ............. of a football pitch is about 100 metres; the .............is about 50.

Unit 46

1 Match 1-9 with a-j. - Hãy nối các câu từ 1 đến 9 với các câú từ a đến Ị.

► It was an outstanding ,.f ..... a overall

1 About thirty took part b of the performance.

2 It was a very one- c the record.

3 He was critical d place on Tuesday.

4 He still holds e in yesterday’s race.

5 She’s the favourite ..... f to win.

6 She’s in the semi-..... g performance, s

7 The game takes ..... h sided contest.

8 He’s a difficult.... i final

9 She won five titles, , j o p p o n e n t



MEDIA AND ENTERTA INMENT 263

Unit 47

1 Tick the correct column - Đánh dấu tick vào cột đúng.

Yes No

► If a novel is readable, it means that you have definitely read it.

1 Reference books are useful when you want to get information.

2 There is often a pic ture on the cover of a book.

3 A well-known person is someone only a few people have heard of.

4 An encyclopedia is arranged in alphabetical order.

5 If you are browsing in a shop, you definitely won ’t buy anything.

6 You’ll find novels in the non-fiction section of a bookshop.

7 An autobio graphy is someon e’s life story, written by someone else.

8 A manual is something most people read for pleasure.

Unit 48

1 One word or phrase is missing from each senten ce. Wherefrom? Write it at the end. Use words from the box in thecorrect form - Ở mỗi câu có thĩếu một từ hoặc cụm tư Ở vị trí nào? Hãy viết nó vào cuoi câu . Dùng từ được cho ở trong khung theo dạng đúng.

wild festival co m m u n it y ^ throw mean striking parade take partneighbourhood

► Anyone in the whole / can participate

1 Everyone through the main streets in the town..,............

2 The people in the where 1 live are very friendly................

3 It’s a two-day, which we have every year................

4 It was quite a party; we had great fun....... ........5 Do you ever in parades? ..............

6 1enjoy the carnival: it a lot to me ..............

7 She wore a really dress with gold flowers on it...............

8 We all had to a ball and try to hit the moving object ................



264 REVIEW: W O RK AND STUDY

49 I can get through exams Tôi có thể vư ợ t qua các k ỳ thi

A g u i d e to e x a m s u c c e s s - H ư n g d ẫ n d ể t h à n h c ô n g t r o n g k ỳ t h i

• Follow the invigilato r instructions. Don ’t take any forbidden item s into the room,or try to communicate with other candidates. You will be disqualified for ch eating.

L à m theo hư ng d ẫ n củ a giá m thị. Đừ ng mang theo đồ vậ t nào bị cấ m vào ph òng th ỉ hoặ c đừ ng cố ý trao đổ i v i các th í sin h khác. Bọ n sè bị đuố i ra

kh ỏ i phòn g th i vì tộ i g ian lậ n.

• Before you start, read the paper carefully. Don’t waste time copying thequestions; the examiner knows what they are.

Trư c kh i b ạ n b ắ t d ầ u làm bài t h i, ỉ lũ y đọ c k ĩ đ ẻ bài c ẩ n t hậ n . Đ ừ ng lãng p h ỉ th ờ i gian quay cóp bài, giám th ị sẽ phá t hiệ n ra.

• Pla nn ing is ess en tial in successful writing. Devote 5-10 minu tes to mak ingnotes.

Việ c lậ p ra k ế hoạ ch là r ấ t c ầ n thiế t đ ể thành công trong bài thi viế t. Hãv

dàn h ra 5 đế n 10 ph út để ghi chú.• H ave a po sitive attitude. It’s your chance to show wh at you know. And it

will be a relief when it’s all over ill a few hours.

H ãy có thái độ tích cự c . K ỳ th i ỉ à cơ ỉlộ i đ ể b ạ n tỉ iể h iệ n nh ữ ng g ì ỉ nì nil b iế t đư ợ c. Và b ạ n sẽ trở nên nhẹ nhòm kh i tấ t cả k ế t thúc trong mộ t vài giờ đ ồ ng hồ .

success sự thầ nh công the achievement of sth you have wanted, succeed V.

follow instructions lầ m théo hư ng dả n do what sb tells you to do.

invigilator giám thị the pe rson w atching students in the exam room,

item đồ uậ t a thing or an object.

communicate with sb trao đổi uới ai talk to or m ak e signs to sb.

candidate thisinh. a person taking an exam.

disqualify sb không cho ai tham gia officially stop sb from takin! part in sth because they have broken a rule.

cheat g iã n lậ n do sth dishonest to get an advantage for yourself (a person is acheat N).

paper đề thi the written questions in an exam .

Glossary,



WO RK AND STUDY 265

carefully m ội cách cân ỉhận If you read sth carefully, you read slowly and pay attention,

examiner g i á m kh ả o the person who will read and mark the c an di da te ’s answer,

planning ư iệ c lậ p k ể hoạ ch the act or process of making plans for sth.

essential rất cần thiết completely neces sary and important in a particular situation,devote t ime to sth /sb dành thờ i gian c/ẽ làm gì give proper time to sth/sb.

attitude thái độ the way you think, feel, or behave.

relief ca m g iấc nhẹ nhòm the feeling you have when sth unpleasant s tops,relieved ADJ.


► Read the planning paper carefully.1 The examiner/invigilator watches students during the exam.

2 What’s the best way to achieve relief/success in the exam?

3 I f you wan t t o succeed /chea t , you shou ld s tudy hard .

4 A positive aditude/candidate will help you be more successful.

5 S t u d e n t s s h o u l d c o m m u n i c a t e / f o l l o w t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s t h e y h e a r .

6 If yo u c he a t , yo u will be d i s qua l i f i e d / r e l i e ve d .

©Complete the words in the text - Hoàn thành từ trong bài tex t

My brother has very lidle ► .....in exams. He gets very nervous and generally has a n e g a t i v e (1) a ................ to th em . H e’sso nervous that he can’t fo l low the (2) i................ given by the (3) i................He once forgot t ha t he had his dictionary in his pocket;he was accused of (4) c................and was (5) d ................ for taking a forbidden (6) i................into the exam room. My mother giveshim lots of advice, though; she tells hirn not to panic and to readthe (7) p ................ slowly before he writes anything, and that it’s (8)e ................ -that he plans his answers (9) c .................. However, henever (10) d................enough t i m e to the (11) p ................ . so the(12) e ................ must find his answers very difficult to understand.In our house, it’s always such a (13) r ................... i f he passes an

exam.

Tes t yourself. Look at the glossa ry wo rds and cover the™ meanings. Can you remember the m ean ings? Hãy nhìn

vào từ Ở glossary và che nghĩa lại . Bạn có thể nhớ ngh ĩa của từ khôn g?



266 REVIEW: W OR K AND STUDY

50 I can describe university lifeTôi CO th ể mô tả về cuộc sống ở tư ờ ng đại học

A Academic life - Cuộ c số ng họ c đư ờ ngWord Exam ple Meaning

aca de m ic I enjo y aca de m ic sub jects connected to ed uca tionlike history,

und ergrad uate U nd ergr adu ate k usually

do a three-year course.She’s an Oxford graduate.

He graduated last year

You can ask your tutor for advice on your work,

She’s a pr ofek so r of law.

graduate

tutor

profekkor

lecture

seminar

debate

attend sth

take notes

read widely

w rite a thek ik

do resear ch

continuouk

I went to an interesting- lecture on Italian politics

especially school or university

a university student studying for

their first degree.a person who has finished their degree

(when they finish, they graduate v).

sb who teaches and looks after a student or asmall group of students.

the highest level of teacher in a university.

a talk given to a large group to teach them a subject (the person is

a lec tu re r N).

Are you going' to the seminar a class at a university where a this morning? small groupdiscuss a subject with

a tutor.

We had a great deb ate . a formal discussion.

You have to atte nd lectures, go to nth, or be present at sth.

Don’t forget to take note s. write words quickly to help youremember sth.

read a lot of different kinds of books.Try to read widely,

I’m w rit in g a th ek ik onglobal warming.

You do research for a Pill).

do a long piece of writing on a particular academic subject.

do a long and careful study of a subject.

We don’t have exams; it’s all a way of judging students by continuouk akkokkment. looking at the work they do during

the year.



WO RK AND STUDY 267

O T ick (✓ ) the words that are people - Hãy đánh dấu tick COvào từ ch ỉ người.

► professor ► assessment X

1 thes is ...... 4 gradu ate ...... 7 sem inar .....

2 debate ..... 5 undergraduate ..... 8 resear ch .....

3 lecture..... 6 tuto r ..... 9 lecturer .....


If you are an ► ..... at university in Britain, you spend

a lot of time studying alone, but you also have to (1) a a lot of (2) s .......... and (3) I.......... and take (4) n ............. in seminars, thediscussion is usually led by a (5) t ....... You have to read (6) w ..........and you may have to express your opinions on a range of (7)a .......... topics. In many courses, there is continuous (8) a ........... :the marks you get for your essays go towards your final results,after which, if you a r e s u c c e s s f u l , y o u ( 9 ) g ............

© 1 Test yourself. Look at the words and cover the exam ple sand meanings. Cạn you remember the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ và che nghĩa và các ví dụ. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của chúng không?

B Student life - Cuộ c đờ i sinh viên

r Advice for new students ^ L ờ i khu yên d à n h cho sinh viên m i• In Britain, man y un iver s i ty s tudents l ive aw ay f r om h o m e . T hi s means

you get the f r e e d o m and o p p o r t u n i t y to meet new people. M ost stu den tschoose to live in a h a ll o f re si d e n c e in the ir first year, w here you areless likely to be h o m e s i c k or lonely.

Ớ Vương quốc A n h , nh iều s inh viên, học đạ i học sống xa g ia đình . Đ iều này có nghĩa là bạ n có đư ợ c sự tự do vở cơ hộ i đô gặ p bạ n bè m i. Hầ u hế t các

sinh viên chọ n số ng kí túc xá vào Hãm họ c đầ u tiên, là nơ i mà bạ n có thể ^ ít cả m thấ v nh nhà hoặ c cô đơ n. J



268 REVIEW: WO RK AND STUDY

r • Stud ent life is all about learning to m an ag e your money: tu iti o n fe es , ’loans, bills, accommodation fees, etc. You may be able to get a sc h o la rs h ip , and m any students find part-time jobs to help pay the bills.

Cuộ c đờ i sinh vicn lù tố t cả nhử ỉìiị ự i họ c cách quả n lý tiề n bạ c, tiề n họ c phí , tiề n vay, hóa đơ n, tiồ ìì ăn ở ,... Bạ n cỏ thế đạ t đư ợ c họ c bổ ng và nhiề u sinỉi viên tìm việ c Lăm them đế cỏ liẻ ỉi giúp thanh toán hỏ a đơ n.

• At university, you can be flexible a b o u t when you study, but be sure to ge t out of bed in tim e for lectures, do your work o n tim e , and plan your revision period before exams.

Ở trư ờ ng đạ i họ c, bạ n có thể l inh ỉ ìoụ t trong Ư ÌỘ Chọ c tậ p như ng phả i thứ c dậ y đúng giờ sao cho kịp giờ họ c, ỉàni bài tậ p đứ ng giờ , lén kế hoạ ch ôn

^ tậ p bài trư c k ỳ thỉ . J

GlossaryÌỉìiíẾturtMÌ»iWr ■ ■^ tMmtấtằíĩtÊẫmmÊiầiỂẳÊíiìììiứíắSỂ

away from home ở xa nhà in a different place from your home. COPPat home.

freedom sự tự do the right or ability to say or do what you want,

opportunity cơ hộ i the possibility to do sth that you want to do. SYNC chance,hall of res idence kỷỉúcxá (in un ivers i t ies ) a building where students live,

homesick nhớ nhà sad because you are away from home and you miss it.

manage sth quản lý việc gỉ be in control of sth.

fees tiên phi money you pay for the professional advice or service of ado c t o r , l aw y e r , et c . (tuition f ees a re the mo ney th a t you pay to be taug ht ) ,

loan tiến I/ay If you take out a loan, you bon ow money, usually from a bank.

scho la rsh ip học bổng money that an organization gives sb to help them study.

flexible có tính linh hoạt able to change easily, flexibility N.

revision việc ôn thi the process of studying sth again to prepare foran exam, revise V.

in time, on tim es p o t l i g h t ;

If you are in time for something, you arrive before or at the correct time.If you are on time for something, you arrive at exactly the correct time

He arrived in tim e for the lesson. (= before the lesson started.)

The lesson started o n tim e . (= at th e correct time.)



WO RK AND STUDY 269

In time: 00 mặt vào lúc trước hoặc điíiỉụ Ihờỉ gian yêu cầu.

On time: có mât đung vào thơi gian ỵẽi: ịẦu.

Anh ấy có mặt kịp giờ ớể nghe bài Qiár.Ị)

Bải học bắt đầu đúng giờ.

© C om ple te the sente nces with words from the box “ Hoàn thành câu với từ đã cho ở ừong khung.

revision on time in time manage flexible

opportunity freedom homesick

► Ỉcan see you any day this week — 1can be

1 1 ha d th e to ....................m e e t th e p re sid e n t.

2 The train was.................. fortunately.

3 1think children have too much ....................

4 Do lots of ................ before the exam.

5 Ỉ don' t know how to .................my money.

6 Ỉ g o t t h e r e ................... t o see Joe ! be fo re he l e f t ,

7 I lived abroad for a year but 1was.................

and Ỉmissed myfamily.

© Complete the questions. Then write your answ ers, or askanother student. - Hoàn thanh câu hỏi. Rói viết câu trả lời, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 Do students usually live at home, or a ...............from home?

2 Do most students live in halls of r..................? ..........................

3 Do they have to pay t...,............. fees? ..........................

4 Do they have to take out 1...............to pay the bills? ..........................

5 Can they get a s..............to help pay for their studies? ..........................

6 Would you like the c............to study abroad? .......................

Test yourself. Cover the glossary w ords and look at the

® ™ meanings. Can you remember the wo rds? - Hãy che từỞ glossary và nhìn vào nghĩa. Bạn có thể nhớ từ đó

không?




51 I can apply for a job Í «Tôi có thể nộ p đơ n xỉn vỉêclàm

— — —« ■ -.....

Applying for a job with FamAid UKW herever you are b a se d , you can apply for any advertised v a c a n c y .

Nộ p đơ n xin việ c làmCho dù b ạ n đã b ạ n đang làm vi ộ c r; h ấ t cứ nơ i nào, b ạ n có th ể n ộ p đơ n cho b ấ t cứ cơ h ộ i v iệ c làm nào đư ợ c qua iìg cả o.

Work permits

For jobs in the UK, you will usually be expected to have a valid UK work permit. For jobs outside the UK. the local FamAid office will a d v is e you about the permit you may 1 . •(•(!.

Giấ y phép lao độ ng Đố i v i nh ữ ng công việ c ở Vư ơ ng ,;:/rĩc* A nh , bạ n th ư ờ ng sẽ đư ợ c đề nghị p h ả i có m ộ t g iấ y phép ỉao đ ộ ng CL ‘liệ u lự c ở nư c Anh. Đố i v i các công việ c ở ngoài Vư ơ ng quố c Anh , th ì I (ill phòng FamA id ở trong nư c sẽ t ư vấ n -cho bạ n về loạ i giấ y phép mu bạ n có thể cầ n đế n.

Closing date sYour application must reach us }>\ the advertised closing date. Online applications will be ackn ow ledge d au tom atic ally by email.

Ngày kế t thúc Hồ sơ x in việ c củ a bạ n ph ả i đư ợ c ịiũ ị đế n chúng tô i trư c ngày h ế t h ạ n đư ợ c đăng tr ên quả ng cáo. Nhừ ỉ ìíi hồ sơ x in v iệ c đăng trên m ạ ng sẽ đư ợ c thông báo tự đ ộ ng là đã đư ợ c nhậ n hàng email.

Selection processIf we would like you to a tt e n d ail inte rv iew , we will c o n ta c t you. At that time, and if required, we will also assess other skills you may have or need.

If you are not succes sful, we will contact you and, wherever possib le, give you feedback.If you are the su cc es sfu l c a n d id a te , we will offer you the position, b u t th is is s u b j e c t t o satisfactory r e f e re n c e s . We shall a lso r e q u e s t

c o n fir m a tio n that you are medically fit to do the job and ha ve the necessary permit/visa.

Quả tr ình tuyể n chọ n N ế u n h ư chúng tô i m uố n bạ n tha/)} iịia ph ỏ ng vấ n chúng tồ i sẽ li ế n lạ c v i



WO RK AND STUDY 271

bạ n, nêu như cân thiêt diứ ỉig tôi L-ũ ììiị sè đánh iịiá các kỷ năng khác mà bạ n có th ể có ho ặ c c ầ n ph ả i có.

N ế u bạ n không là ngư ờ i, thành côìig ciu iìig tôi se iièìì lạ c v i bạ n và nế u có th ể chúng tôi sẽ g ử i cho bạ n thông till ị)ì\ả ìi hỏ i. Nế u bụ n Là ứ ng viên thành công chúng tô i sẽ đ ề nghị bạ n m ộ t cang ciệ c, Iihư nự đ iề u n ày p h ụ th uộ c

vào nhữ ng thông tin tham khả o th ỏ a dáng. Chúng tôi cũ n g y cu c ầ u g iấ y c hứ ng nh ậ n rằ n g bạ n có đù sứ c kh ỏ e làm việ c iìả \' vù có giấ y ph ép Ị t ỉi ị thự c cầ n th iế t .

1Glossary

apply for sth n ộ p d ơ n x in oiệ c ask for sth in writing (often a job or course),

application N. be based som ew here đang lầ m u iệ c ở nơ i nào If you are based in a place, thatplace is the centre for your work.

vacancy c ơ h ộ í uìệ c làm a job that is available for sb to do.

work perm it g iấ y p h é p lao đ ộ n g an official document which says you are allowedto work.

valid được chấ p nhận hợp phấp If sth is valid, it is legally acceptable and can be used.

advise sb tư uấn cho a i telí sb the best thing to do. SYNC give sb advi ce (adv ice N, u ).

acknowledge sth thông báo đã nhận được thứ gị let sb know that you have received sth from them, acknowledgement N.

automatically một cách tự động without any human control.

process quá trình, a series of things that are done for a particular reason.

interview c u ộ c p h ỏ n g uấ n a meeting in which sb is asked questions to find out ifthey are suitable for a job, course, etc. (the person who asks the questions is

an interviewer), interview sb Vcontact sb liên ỉạc ƯÔÍ at phone or write to sb.

assess sth/sb đánh gta thứ g ì/ ai decide on the quality or abili t of sth / sb.

assessment N.

give sb feedback g iừ thông tin phản hồi cho ai give sb advice or criticism about how they have done sth.

candidate ứng ưiẽn a person who makes a forma application for a job.

reference thưtham khảo a statement or letter which describes sib’s character and ability to do a job (a person who writes this is a referee).

conf irmation giấy chứng nhận a statement in writing which says that sth

is true or a ccu rate .co nfi rm V.



272 REVIEW: WO RK AND STUDY

Formal language

In a wr itten tex t like this some language will be formal. For example: a t t en d s th (= go to / for nth), require sth (= need nth), request sth (-= ask for nth), subject to sth (=depending on nth), pos it io n (= jo b), and shall ( = will). The words in bold are more forma! than the words in brackets, which we would normally use in spoken English.

Trong dạng văn Viết như ỉhếnày mõỉ sô' W' ngữ sẽ lĩKìíig ỉmn trang trong. Ví dụ: attend sth { - go ĩo/ỉor nth), require sỉh ( - need nth), request sill (-= ask f o r s u b j e c t to sth {= depending on nth), position (= job), and shall (= will). Cac từìn ơựin :nang tính tr:mg trọng hơn c-íc từ không in đậm, những từ mà

chúng ỉa thường dùng trong Vein nói cũiì tiếng Anh.

Cover the glossary and complete the table - Hãy che ™ glossary và hoàn thành bảng.

Verb Nouri Verb Nounadvike __________ ► ạ (lui ro

apply

I assess

o There is a mistake in each sentence. Write the correctsentence at the end - Trong mỗi câu CO lổi chính tả. Hăy

viết câu đúng ở cuối câu.

► My old boss said he would be my, .

u>c>u.£cl t ẹ >wíị

1 They said they ’d contact to m e .......................................................2 Is she applying a job?.........................................................3 Have you got a work permission?.....................................................

4 The company is based on Tokyo......................................................5 He gave me some good advices.............................................. ........6 She gave me foodback after the interview .................................7 1 h a v e to c o n f ir m a te it in w rit in g ..............................................................

8 If you apply for a job, it’s quite a long processment ..................

©Replace the underlined words with a more formal word or phrase with the same meaning - Thay the từ được gạch

dưới bằng một từ hoặc cụm tù mang tính trang trọng hơn có cùng nghĩa.

► We will contact you as soon as possible.

1 Has the company asked for references? ...................2 They offered me the job on Thursday.....................

confirm _____

acknowledge

in terv iew

s p o t l i g h t ;



WORKANDSTUDY 273

3 1 went for an interview last week.....................4 If you need more information, please contact me .....................

5 We’re going to give him the job, depending on satisfactory refer ences ........................

©Complete the sentences with a single word.- Hoàn thành câu với một từ đơn.

► You can’t use this visa any longer — it’s not ......

1 Ỉ work in iots of places, but I’m ................in Bristol.2 She was angry because they didn’t ................that they had re

ceived her leder.3 He offered me the job on the phone, but I haven’t had writ

t e n ...................yet .4 They said they would................me by phone when they’ve made

a decision.5 You don’t need to ask for confirmation; they will reply ................6 They interviewed four other................forth job as well as me.7 Val wrote to the company for a job, but there are no ................

at the moment.8 1 hope they’ll..................... me feedback after the interview.

9 He wants to ................ for the job, but he still has to fill in thef o r m .

10 You have to do tests and have several interviews; it’s quite along.................

© ABOUT YOU Write answ ers to the questions, or ask ano therstudent- Hãy viết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác .

1 What jobs have you appl ied for in the past?................................2 How many interviews have you had? ................................3 Have any interviewers given you feedback after the interview?....4 How many times have you been the successful candidate? ...........5 Who were your referees? ................................6 Have you ever had to get a work permit? If so, where? ............

© A Test yourself . Cover the glossary meaning s and look at^ the words. Can you remember the meanings and other

p a r t s o f s p e e c h ? H ã y che nghĩa của glossary và nhìn vào từ. Bạn có thể nhớ được các nghĩa và các từ loại khác không?



274 REVIKVV: W ORK AND STUDY

52 I can describe jobsTôi có thể mô tả về các công việ c

A Careers- Nghề nghiệ p ộ ~ìC a re e rs 4 ư advert ises jobs across a range of m arket se c to rs . Regis ter

by em ail now and you can be first in line to apply for j o b s as they appear.Just complete the following:

Careers 4 u q uả n g cáo các loạ i công việ c ở rát n h iề u ngành khác nhau . H ãy đăng ký bằ ng email ngay bây giờ vồ ngay khi cổ cơ hộ i việ c làm bạ n có thể là người đầ u t iên dư ợ c xem xét cho công việ c đó. Chỉ c ầ n hoàn

thành nh ữ ng đi ề u sau đày:

Please select any two sectors in which you have ex pe r ience and I or qua l i f i ca t ions .

Vui ỉòng chọ n bấ t cứ hai iiiịành nào sau đây mù b ạ n có kinh nghiệ m hay bằ ng chuyên môn.

0 e n g i n e e r i n g kỹ thuật 0 m a n a g e m e n t quản lý

□ a l m i li ta r y quâ n đội 0 r e t a i l bán lẻ0 a t r a i n i n g đào tạo 0 f i n a n c e tài chính

gỊ p u b l i s h i n g x u ấ t b ản 0 r e c r u i t m e n t tuyểnd ụ n g n h â n sự

£] m a n u f a c t u r in g sản xuất

career, jobÉ'r profession

A career is the series of jobs you have in a particular area, e.g. a careerin publishing. A job is any work you do to earn money, e.g. being a waiter, teacher, etc. A profession is a job with a high level of training and/or education, e.g. the medical/ teaching profession.

Từ Career được dùng để chỉ hàng ỉoạt các công việc mà bạn làm trong một ngành nghề cụ thể. Chẳng hạn nghề xuất bản. Từ job được dùng để chỉ bất cứ công việc nào mà bạn làm để kiếm tiền, chẳng hạn làm phục vụ, làm gíiĩo viên. Từ profestion để chỉ

một cồng việc được đào tạo hoặc học hành ờ cấp độ cao chẳng hạn như nghề y, nghề ơạy học.

spotlight



W OR K AND STUDY 275

sector ngành nghề a part of the business activity of a country(public sector = controlled by the government;

private secto r = controlled by private companies

experience kinh nghiệm the things that you have done in your life,qualifications bằng cấp chuyên môn the exams you have passed or courses

you have finished,engineering kỹ thuật thiết kê the activity of designing roads, railways,

bridges, etc. ’ Vmilitary quân đội connected with soldiers, or the army, navy, and air force,training đào tạo the activity of teaching people the skills they need for

a job.train sb V. publ ishing xuất bản the business of producing and selling books,

magazines, etc. publ ish sth V.

manufacturing sản xuất the business of producing goods in factories.manufacture sth V.

management quản lý the control of a 'bus iness or organization, managesb /s th V.

retail bản lẻ selling goods to people directly in shops, on the internet, etc.finance tài chỉnh the activity of managing money,recruitment tuyển dụng nhân sự the business of finding people for job

vacancies, recruit sb V.

oWhat sector do these people work ỉn?Công việc của họ /àthuộc ngành nghề gì?

► I produce books and then we sell them.1 I teach people their jobs .......5 I produce cars .........

©Complete the words in the text - Hoàn thành các từ trong

bài text

I’ve just left university and I’m hoping to have a th e

and have my own business. I had a couple of jobs in small compa-

2 I’m a soldier.

3 1 sell clothes

6 I’m the boss of a company..,

7 Ỉcontrol the money in our business.

8 1fill job vacancies in companies....4 1 design motorways

private (1) s ........ and eventually I’d like to be in (2) m

nies in my holidays, so I have a lidle (3) e ........ I’m hoping to work




for a large company to start with; they do a lot of (4) t .......... , and I’ll be able to get some extra (5) q . too. My father’s in the legal(6) p .......... but for some reason, he wants me to have some experience in the (7) m ........ as a soldier. I’ve no idea why, though.

©ABOUT YOU Look at the website again. Which sectors doyou have experience or qualifications in? Xem lại website Bạn có kinh nghiệm hoặc bằng cấp ở các ngành nào?

B Jobs - Công việ c

J o b W h at does he/she do? p lumber installs iincl re pa ir s Wilier pipes, laps,

central liCiiiing, billlis. dL\

mechanic

1/repairs engines, especially in vehicles.

electrician IX installs. con nec ts, or rep air s ek*ctric;jlo wiring.

carpenter

LẩJ

m ak es o r rep air s píirls OÍ ;i buildi ngand oth er objects made of wood.

nannyừ '

liikcs Cỉiri: o 17 carc s for c hi ld re n inthe ir own home.

Ira Yd agent %ầmakes travel niTimiỊcmcní.s for pun pit'.

estate a gent m buys and se lls houses or lurnJ for pe ople .

importer imports goods.

pr iest

civil scrviint

sales rep /representative

performs re li gious ccremunics insome religions.

works for the civil service, i.e. ill!gove rnmen t dep artm ents except (liemilitary.

trav els to tlilTerenl places an d sells the products of a pa r t icu lar com puny .

Glossaryinstill! sill put in sonic eq uip me nt so1hill it is rc;idy to use.

vehỉđi' (.‘.g. car. bus. lorry.

cleciriail ui or aboul clcciridty

objcct ;i Ihinii Ihrtt Ciin be seen ortouchcd bu t Ls noi ỈÍlive*.

tak e Ciirc o f/ car e lor sb/sth lookaflcr sb/sih.

m ak e ill r;inị;cmenlí> lor sb /st h nitikc plans or pivpi i r ations forsb/stl i.

Ill nil ii)i ÍIRM OĨ ground; cin iircaused lo r .1 special purpose.

import sill buy "oods from anolherco un trv !n:;eỉl ill you r own country.

OI’I*export sill.

i .e . in oi Iht words: Ihi l t is ( usedU'ltt-n you <MV C’xp lnining ordc lm in ^ .si ill.

pr odu ct a fi li ng th a t peopl e m ake orgrow in order U) still.



WO RK AND STUDY 277

Q Cover the table above. Are the se se n tence s true or false?™ Write T or F. Hãy che bảng bên trẽn. Các câu này đủng

hay sai? Hãy viết T hoặc F.

► An importer exports goods to sell.. .F....1 A n e sta te a g e n t se lls ho lid a y s.............

2 A carpenter makes wooden objects. .............

3 A civil servant works for a company ...........

4 A p r i e s t c o n d u c t s r e l i g i o u s c e r e m o n i e s ............

5 A mechanic can repair vehicles...........

6 An electr ician f ixes electr ical wir ing ............

7 A plumber can fix your central heating ...........

© C ro s s out one word which is wrong. Write the correct wordat the end - Gạch bỏ một từ sai. Hãy viết tủ ổúng vào cuối câu.

. ► I haven’t got central heat ing; Ỉ need a plumber to repair a new

system ..iMUứỉi

1 O u r e s t a t e a g e n t m a d e th e a r r a n g e m e n t s , i.e. b u y i n g t i ck e t s, b o o k

ing hotels.............

2 The e s t a t e agen t so ld the l and ing which be longed to the fa rm .......

3 What produces does that company make? ...........

4 My sister does quite a lot of training for the civil servant ............

5 1believe he exports silver jewellery from abroad ............

6 A nanny takes care for children ............7 Sales representants have to travel a lot.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0 ^ t Te st yourself. Look at the jobs and cover the other^ columns. What do the people do? Hảy nhìn vào công

việc và che các cột khác . Người ta làm gì?




53 I can describe a career Tôi có thể mô tả m ộ t nghề nghiệ p

A Career structure - Cấ u trúc nghề nghiệ p ó ì

Two years ago, I got a c h a lle n g in g job wiih good p ro sp ec ts in local radio. I worked hard and as a re w a r d , I was p ro m o to cl.'I was delighted. I was quickly tra n sfe rr ed to a d if ferent dep ar tm en t . Then things w ent wrong: one colleague got the sack, and another han ded in h is no t i ce .

After that , ten people were m ad e r ed u n d a n t. I didn't w ant to be o u t o f work, so I decided to look elsewhere.

I applied for a job in TV and was a p p o in te d assistant director. Amazing!

Cách đây hai năm , tôi có đư ợ c mộ t công viờ c đay ììiiì l ìỉáclỉ v i nhiề u t ri ể n v ọ ng t ố t ở đài ph át thanh địa phư ơ ng, Toi đã ỉàììi v iệ c chăm chỉ , đ ể đ áp lạ i tôi đ ã đư ợ c th ă ng c hứ c . Tôi r ấ t ỉờ vui sư ỉìỉẠ Tôi nhanh chóng đ ư ợ c chuyể n đ ế n mộ t phòng khác. Như iìít sau đó i/ìỢ Ì thứ đã thay đ ổ i: m ộ t đ ồ n g n gh iệ p bị sa th ả i, mộ t đ ồ ng nghiệ p khác lạ i bỏ việ c. Rồ i sau đó,

mư ờ i người buộ c ph ả i thô i v iệ c. Tôi khôn g muố n thấ t u<ịhiệ p, cho nên tôi quyết định tìm việc ở nơi khác.

Tôi nộ p đơ n xin việ c ở đài truyề n hình và đư ợ c ch ọ n ÍUÌÌÌ trự Lý giám đố c. T h ậ t đ á n g kin h n gạ cĩ

An employer may dismiss an employee if their work is not good enough or if theyhave done something wrong. In less formal English, you can say sack sb, give sbthe sack, or fi re sb. An employee can get the sack INF.

Một người chủ có thể sa thải một nhân viên làm ƯIÍÌC kỉìôíìL! 'ổỉ hoặc nhắn viên làm điều gì sai. Trong tiếng Anh ít trang trọng ban có thề nói s a c k sb, give sb the sack, hoặc fire sb Mộỉ nhân có thể bi sa thải (get the sack).

Anh ta bị sa thải bởi vì Cù sử thô lỗ.

dismissed, sack, fire

w a s s a c k e d

w a s g i v e n t h e s a c k

He g o t th e s a c k > for being rude fo r b e in g ru d e .

w a s f ir e d I w a s d i s m i s se d



WO RK AND STUDY 279

Glossary

challenging có tính thử thách difficult to do, but interesting and enjoyable,challenge N.

prospects triển vọng (PL) chances of being successful in thefuture.

reward sự đáp lại, phẩn thưởng sth you get because y ou have done sthhelpful, worked hard, etc . reward sb V.

promote sb thăng chức cho ai (usually passive) give sb a better job at ahigher level in a company, promotion N.

transfer sb/sth chuyển ai (ỈỪ... đến.) (from to ...) move sb/sth from

one place to another.department phòng ban a section of a business, university, etc.

hand in your notice bỏ việc say officially that you want to leave your job. SYNS resign, quit INF.

make sb redundant buộc ai thôi việc (often passive) make sb leave their job because they are not needed any more.

out of work thất nghiệp not working and uniible to find a job. SYN

unemployed.elsewhere nơi khác in or to another place.

appoint sb chọn ai làm cõng việc gỉ choose sb for a job.

o Is the meaning the sam e or different? Write s or D. - Đây là những câu có cùng nghĩa hay là khốc ngtìia? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► a chal lenge 1a reward ...D....

1 out of work 1 unemployed...........

2 be promoted 1be appointed ...........

3 get the sack 1sack someone ............

4 fire someone I dismiss someone ...........

5 prospec ts I chances of success ...........

6 hand ỉn your not ice 1 resign...........7 be sacked I be prom oted ...........

8 t ransfer sb I move sb to another of f ice ............

9 make someone redundant I fire someone ...........



280 REVIEW: WORK AND STUDY

©Complete the sentences with a single word - Hoàn thành câu với từ đơn.

ABOUTYOU► I was glad to b e appoin ted to the job I have, (chosen for the jo b )........................

1 My job’s very.................. (difficult but interesting) . .....................

2 1want to transfer to another ...............ịsection of the business) ....................

3 I have good ............. in my job. (chả nces of success) ...................

4 I’d really love to be...............(giuen a betterpb in the company) .....................

5 I’m bored at work, so I’m going to look............(in another place) ........................

6 I’ve never been................ (outofwork)

7 I’d hate to have to............... someone, (dismiss) ......................

8 ỉf Ỉ hated m y job, Ỉ would defin itely .............. (hand in m t j no t i ce ) ........................

© ABOUT YOU Have you got a job? If so, are the s en te nces inExercise 2 true for you? Write true or false, or talk to ano therstudent who h as a job. Bạn có việc làm không? Nếu có, thì những câu trong Exercise 2 có đúng đối với bạn không? Hãy viết true hoặc false, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác người mà có việc làm.

B A job with responsibility

Mộ t công việ c đầ y trách nhiệ mKATE Amy, I know you work on reception at the sports centre, but

what does that inv olv e? A m y , tô i biế t b ạ n làm việ c ở quầ y ti ế p tân trong m ộ t trung tâ m t h ể thao nh ư ng công việ c củ a b ạ n là ph ả i làm gì?

AMY Well, I h a n d le all customer bookings, and answer en q u ir ie sover the phone or fa ce -to -fa ce . Occasionally I also have to d ea l w ith co m p laints from m em ber s o f the pub lic and if there’s a problem, I’m the one whọ has to so lv e it.

A , tô i lo g iả i quy ế t tấ t cả nh ừ ng tủ tụ c đãng ký trư c củ a khách

hàng, rồ i trả lờ i gỉ ầ i đáp thắ c mắ c qua điệ n thoạ i hoặ c gặ p trự c tiế p , th ỉ n h th oả n g tôi c ủ n g p h ả i x ử lý n h ữ n g k h iế u n ạ i từ công chủ ng , và nế u nh ư có x ả y ra rắ c rố i th ì tôi sẽ chính là ng ư ờ i ph ả i g iả i q u yế t rắ c rố i.

KATE So it’s not just c le r ic a l d u tie s, then?

Vậ y đó không chỉ là nhữ ng công việ c củ a văn phòng, đúng k hông ?




AMY Oh, no. Som e w eek end s I’m ỉ n ch ar ge o f the whole centre, and in an emergency it’s my job to m a k e su re that ev eryone is safe. I have a lot of re sp o n sib i l i ty .

o ,không. Cũ ng có nhữ ng ngày cuố i tu ầ n tôi phụ trách công việ c

củ a toàn trung tâm. Và trong trư ờ ng h ợ p khẩ n c ấ p chính tôi là ngư ờ i p h ả i k iể m tra đ ể c hắ c chắ n m ọ i ngư ờ i đư ợ c an toàn. T ôi

p h ả i chịu rấ t nhiề u trách nhiệ m .

Glossary .

what does (your job) involve?công việc của bạn phải làm gi7= what do youhave to do (in your job)?

handle sth/sb xử lý, giải quyết chuyện gì take suitable action in a situation.SYNC deal with sth/sb.

enquiry càu hỏi, thắc mắc a question about sth (make an enquiry).

face-to-faceđữ/ mặt ỉrực tiếp with and looking at sb.

c o m p l a i n t t o 7 phiền, khiếu nại a s tatement that you are not sat is f ied wi th

sth (m ak e a com plaint), complain V.

members of the public công chúng people in general (also the public),

solve a problemg/ẩ/ quyết rắc rối find an answer to a problem. SYNC findsolution.

clerical thuộc về văn phòng connected with office work, especially keepingrecords or accounts (the person who does this is a clerk).

duties công việc, nhiệm vụ the tasks you do when you are at work,

in charge of sth/sb phụ trách công việc in a position of control over sth/sb. SYN responsible for sb/sth.

make sure kiểm tra để bảo đảm check sth so that you can be certain about it.responsibility ỉrách nhiệm the fact or duty of being in control of sth, so

that it is your fault if sth goes wrong.

O o n e word is missing in each line. Rewrite the sente nces,adding the missing word. Trong mổi hàng có thiếu một từ. Hãy viết lạì câu, thêm từ thiếu vào.

► does her job involve? Wfii* ứ . .........

1 I’d like to an enquiry about the ciub .................................................

2 1 talked to her to-face.........................................................................

3 It’s very hard to deal this situation ....................................................

4 Who’s charge of this department?.......................................................



282 REVIEW: W O RK AND STUDY

5 You have to sure the door is locked .................................................

6 We’re not responsible the cleaning................................................

7 Do you know how to the problem?...................................................

8 Ì want to a complaint about the service............................................

© Complete the texts - Hoàn thành bài text.

A I used to have a boring office job — Ịwas a ► in thecivil service for five years, but 1couldn’t stand it and left. I’ve nowgot a job in a tourist information office in Liverpool and I really likeit: My (1) d ............. include helping people to find ac co m m odation, dealing with their(2) e ............. about places to visit, and finding (3) s ..............to their travel problems, i’m also (4) r ...............for the B eatle s tour: I tak e peo ple to Jo hn Lennon and PaulMcCartney’s childhood homes. I try to make (5) s ............. everythinggoes well.

B I work in a travel agent’s, and my job (6) i ............. organizing tripsfor people. I love meeting the (7) p ............. and I really enjoy (8)

h..............the money side of things. Some of my work is just routine(9) c ............. work; other times, 1 have a lot of (10) r ............... For example, if a customer’s holiday goes wrong, Í have to (11) d .............with their (12) c ................

0 Te st yourself. Look at the glo ssary w ords and cover the™ meanings . What are the m eanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ ở

glossary và che nghĩa lạ ị. Nghĩa của từ là gì?



W O R K A N D S T U D Y 283

541 can describe working conditions^rriA • / I I A9 • A g Ọ À f *A f \ #A

Tôi có thế miêu tá vê điêu kiệ n làmvỉẹ c _______________________________________________ £ ______________ ã ____

ề

Job questionnaire1 Do you feel your job is s t res s f u l ?

2 How much t im e o f f do you g e t every year?

3 Do you ever have to do s h i f t w o r k ?

4 Do you often have to w o r k o v e r tim e ?

5 Do you normally receive an annual b o n u s ?

6 Are you entitled to sick pay?

7 Do you h av e th e r ig h t to join a t r a d e u n i o n ?

8 Do people in your kind of job ever g o o n s t r ik e ?

If you have get, or take time off, you are not at work , school, etc. perhaps because you're ill, or on holiday.

I had a day o ff to go to a wedding.

He's taking a month o ff work.

Have, get, take time off được dùng khi bạn khồng đi làm, không đi học....có thể vì lý

ơo bạn bị ốm hoặc đi nghỉ mát.....

Tôi nghỉ làm một ngày để đi dự đám cưới.

Ông ta đang nghỉ làm một tháng.




Glossary

working conditions điều kiện làm việc the arrangements made at a pỉace

of work for physica l co mfort and safety.stressful có áp lực making you worry a lot. stress N.

shift work chế độ làm việc theo ca a pattern of work in which you sometimeswork during the day and sometimes at night.

overtime ngoài giờ the time you spend working after your normal workinghours (you can work overtime or do overtime INF).

bonus tiền thưởng an extra payment that is added to what you normally

receive.sick pay tiên lương trả cho nhẫn viên bị ốm money you receive when you are

ill and cannot work.

be entitled to (do) sth cố quyên làm gì be allowed sth or to do sth becauseit is the law. SYNC have the right to (do) sth.

union OR trade union công đoàn an organization of people in the samekind of work who try to get better pay and working conditions for

their members.go on strike đỉnh công refuse to work for a period of time as a protest

for more money, better conditions, etc.


► I often do s work.

1 I belong to a t ...................... union.2 We went on St................... last year.

3 Do you get an annual b ............. s?

4 Our w ............. ing c .............. ltions are good.

5 I often have to work o... ........time.

6 She t ...................two weeks o ........ in summer.

7 Does he suffer from st ............. in his job?



WO RK AND STUDY 285

© W rite th e words in the correct order, and add th e final word- Hãy viết từ theo thứ tự đúng, và thêm vào từ cuối cùng.

► you / working / have / good / do Do you have good workingconditions

1 is / she / trade / member / a/ of / a / ? ...................................

2 we / sick / are / to / entitled / ? ...................................

3 take / like / to / I’d / week / a ....................................

4 you / shift / don’t / why / like /'? ...................................

5 I / left / today; / time / on / didn’t / i / do ..................................

6 go / why / the / on / did / workers / ? ...................................

©ABOUT YOU If you have a job, write your answers to thequestionnaire. If you haven’t got a job, ask a student whohas. - A/ếơ bạn có việc làm, hãy viết câu trả lời vào bảng câu hỏi. Nếu bạn không có việc làm, hãy hỏi sinh viên mà có việc làm.

^ Test yourself . Cover the glossary wo rds and look at the^ w meanings. Say the words. Che từ Ở glossary và nhìn

vào nghĩa của chúng. Hãy cho biết từ đó.




Review: Work and studyA

On tậ p: Làm việ c và họ c tậ p

Unit 49

1 Rewrite the sentences using the words on the right Themeaning mu st stay the sam e - Hãy viết lại câu bằng việc dùng từ ơ bẽn phải. Nghĩa của chúng phải không đổi.

► I’m a careful driver. CAREFULLY I drive carefully

1 You have to do what he tells you. INSTRUCTIONS......................

2 Don’t talk to anyone. COMMUNICATE............................................

3 The way you think and behave is important. ATTITUDE...............

4 It was a relief to finish the exam. RELIEVED.................................

5 Spend ten minutes making notes. DEVOTE..................................

6 He would never do anything dishonest in an exam. CHEAT.......

7 If you don’t get what you want, try again. SUCCEED .................

8 Do we need dictionaries? ESSENTIAL ................... ........................

Unit 50

1 Tick (^) the words or phrases that are correct. Hãy đánh dấu tick ( S) vào từ hoặc cụm từ đúng.

► At university, students have to attend lectures 0 read LVidely 0

teach professors □ .1 A tutor □ seminar lecture □ is a type of class at a university.

2 Some students live and study at home □ homesick □ away f rom home

3 Undergraduates □ Professors □ Tutors □ are types of teacher.

4 In order to have enough money, students often pa y tuition fees □

take out a loan □ try to get a scholarship

5 In seminars, students may have a debate □ take notes □ wri te a thesis □ .




2 One word is missing in each sen tence. Where from? Writeit at the end - Trong mỗi câu có thiếu một từ . Chô nào? Hăy viết nó vào cuối câu .

► 1won’t have enough money to live on, so ri! have to / out a loan.toJee................

1 Our seminar started time at 10.00..............

2 My sister is studying away from home and she’s living in a hallresidence................

3 How much were the tuition for your summer course?..............

4 We had to hurry but we arrived just time for the beginning of thel ec tu re ................

5 At the moment, she’s some medical research as part of her studies............6 I would like to have the to study abroad, perhaps in Canada ......

7 When 1was at university, our essays were all part of the continuous............

8 Do you study away home? ...... .......

Unit 51

o T h e r e is a spelling mistake in each sen tenc e. Write thecorrect word at the en d.Trong mỗl câu có một từ sai chính tả. Hãy viết từ đúng vàò cuối câu.

► Do you need a referrence?A&Ỉ£*£*v£.ẹ...

1 Is there a job vacan cie? ..................2 Did they give you any advise?..................3 Did he acknowlege the application?..................4 1haven’t got a valide work permit .....................

5 They asess people differently....................6 Do they require more information?7 They reply automaticly.8 It’s a long selection prosess.

2 Complete the dialogue - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại.

A You know that job ► j/acA*.c£.Did you (1)....................for it?

B Yes, and 1 went for an (2 )................... on Wednesday.A Wow. How did it go? ...................B It seemed OK, but they didn’t give me any (3) ........ ...........after

wards, so it’s hard to know. They said they’d (4)....................me by th£ end of the week if they were going to offer me the job.




A What about (5) ....................?B They said they’d already spoken to one of my referees.A Oh really? And were there many other (6) .................. ?.B Yes, over a hundred. Vm not sure if 1want the job because it’s

based (7) ................... Scotland. Still, at least I don’t need awork (8).....................

Unit 52

1 Tick ( S) the correct words - Đánh dâu tick (S) vào từ đúng.

► A p lumber nanny □ A n e lectr ic ia n E3often installs things.

1 A carpenter HA travel agent □ A p lumber □ gets his hands dirty.2 A nanny □ A p lu m b er □ A n im porte r □ looks after people.

3 A civ i l seruant H A carpenter □ An estate agent □ usually worksin an office.

4 An electrician □ A sales rep'D A mechanic □ often has to repairthings.

5 A sales rep \3A civ i l servant D A travel agent □ wants to sell yousomething.

6 A plumber DAn esta te agent HA carpenter □ has had a lot oftechnical training.

2 Complete the dialogues - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại .

► Miguel produces his own magazine. - Really? And how long has

he worked in publishing ?1 Dr Erman seems very good, but how mu ch ..........does he

have? ~ Oh, I think he’s been in the medical.............for aboutten years now.

2 Who mad e all the travel............. for your lastholiday? ~ My wifedid, but th at’s her job; sh e’s a travel .

3 How long has your father been a civil............. ? -Thirty-five years.He’s spent his whole in the civil................

4 Did the company give you much........... after you started? ~ Yes, they sentme on several courses, and I took exams to get extra...........

5 What kind of.............. does she sell? - Electrical stuff mostly, butshe’s only been a sales ............. for six months.



WO RK AND STUDY 289

Unit 53

1 Complete the text using words from the box in the correctform - Hoàn thành bài text bằng việc dùng từ đã cho trong khung theo dạng đúng.

clerk* '' transfer charge responsibility involve challenging

resign complaints elsewhere promote work deal

When Í left school, I got a job as a 4 clerk wi th an in s u ra n c ecompany. It mainly (1)..............filling in forms and typing lists of names, so it wasn't very (2) .............. After a few months, though, Iwas (3) .............. and they gave me a job where I was (4) ..............

with the public, which was much more interesting. Eventually, I was(5) ............... to another department where I had to handle customers’(6 ) .............. which wasn’t much fun. I hated it so I decided to(7)............................................................................................and look (8).............. Ime, because I was out of (9) ............. for several months. Anyway,in the end I got a fantastic job working in a zoo, and I’m still here.I’m in (10) ............. of the snakes, which is an enormous (11) ..............

but I love it!

2 Complete the crossword. The letters in the grey sq uar esspell out ano ther word. What is it? Hoàn thành ô chữ . Các mẫu tự trong ô vuông xám tạo ra một từ khác. Nó là gì?



290 REVIEW: W O R K AND STUDY

1 choose someone for a job

2 something you get when you have been helpful or worked hard

3 if you resign, you hand ỉn your

4 out of work 5 chances of being successful in the future

6 the tasks you do when you are at work

7 connected with office work, such as keeping records and doingaccounts

8 find a solution to a problem

9 deal with something or control it

The ieders in the grey squares make the word

Unit 54

1 Complete the wo rds in the sen tence s - Hoàn thành từ trong câu .

► She's been very ill, but she doesn’t get any ......

1 He always looks worried because he has such a s ..................... job.2 Everyone has the r ............. to a lunch break - it’s the law.

3 I don’t belong to a t .............. u............any longer,

4 Are you e .to sick pay in your job?

5 1 often have to work nights, but 1 don 't really like s ............. work.

6 Bus drivers have a basic 35-hour week, but many of them work o .................

7 A lot of people get an annual b.........in addition to their salaries.8 Some of the workers went on s ............. last year for higher pay.



BUSINESS 291

55 I can talk about financer-|—I A • / ■ I I a ' / # X g K m w s I7ÔỈ CÓ the no! vê tài chính

A Financial terms - Các thuậ t ngữ uề tài chính 6 *Example Meaning

We need to ra ik e ca p ita l, ca p ita l the money you need to start a business (to Chủ ng ta cầ n phả i tăng vôn. ra ise cap ita l is to fin d the money you need).

The company has an annual turnover the total value of goods or services that a company tu rn over of $20 million. sells in a particular period of time (annual = every Công ty này có doanh thu year). SYN sa les re ve n ue ,

hàng năm đạ t đế n 20 triệ u đôla.Operating casts have gone up operating costs the amount of money that a business this year • needs to spend to continue as a business.

Năm nay chi phí hoạ t dộ ng dã tăng lên.Inflation is now at 3 per cent, inflation a general rise in the price of services and Lạ m phát đang ở mứ c 3 phầ n goods in a particular country.trăm.

We paid £1 m illio n in ta x. tax money you have to pay to the government. Chúng tôi đã đóng thuế mấ t mộ t triệ u bả ng.The company m ade a pro fit the money you make in a business after payingpre-tax profit of £2 million, costs (pre -tax is before paying tax). COPP lo ss .Công ty này cô lợ i nhuậ n trư c thuế ỉà 2 triệ u bả ng.I think the company has cash cash flow the movement of money into and out flow pr ob lem s. of a business (a cash flow pr ob lem means moreTôi nghĩ công ty gặ p phả i rắ c money is going out than coming in).

rố i về lư u chuyể n tiề n tệ .

I need a ban k loan . ban k lo an money the bank lends and sb borrows.Tôi cầ n phả i vay vố n ngân hàngThey too k o u t a loan. tak e o u t obtain (you also ta k e o u t insurance). Họ vay đư ợ c mộ t khoả n tiề n

We pay a lot o f in terest, interekt extra money you pay when you borrow money The interest rate is 4 percent, (the interest rate is the exact cost of borrowing).

Chúng ta trả rấ t nhỉề ù lãi ngân hàng. Lãi suấ t là 4 phẩ n trăm.



292 REVIEW: BUSINESS

finance

Finance can be: Finance cỏ thể có hai nghĩa:

1 the money somebody borrows or receives to operate a business (They need to raise more

finance.), financed.1 Số tiền mà người nào mượn hoặc nhận từ ai đó để hoạt động kinh ơoành. (Họ cần phải tăng thêm văn để hoạt động kình doanh.)

OR - Hoặc

2 the activity of managing money in a company, financial AK (He's the new Director o f Finance /Financial Director.)

2 Hoạt động quản lý tiền bạc trong một công ty (õng ấy là giám đốc tài chỉnh mới)

o Match 1-8 with a-i. Nối các câu từ 1 đến 8 với các câu từ ađến i

► annual ....f.... a a loan.........

1 op eratin g ......... b revenue .......

2 pay ......... c rate ..........

3 raise......... d a profit.........

4 intere st......... e costs ..........5 take out ....... . f turnove r .......

6 sa les......... g capita l..........

7 m ake......... h flow..........

8 cash ........ i 10% interest


► We can't start the business unless we can*A&ft..more capital.

1 If sales co ntinue to rise, the ann ua l................ could reach five millioneuros.

2 If we spend more money this month, we’il have a cash ............. problem.

3 The current interest...... .......is 5 per cent.

4 It's been a good year; we’ve made a pre- ............. of $3.5 m.5 ..............has gone up this year because of the in crease in the price

of oil.

6 They needed more money so they ................................. another bank.

s p o t l i g h t



BUSINESS 293

7 We usually make a profit, but if operating ............. go up, we maymake a this year.

8 They need the loan to ............. the new business.

0 ầ Test yourself. Look at the examples and cover the ™ meanings. What do the examples mean?- Hãy nhìn vào

ví dụ và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của chúng là gì?

B Financial trends - Các xu hư ng tài chánhA trend is the general direction in which a situation is changing.

Xu hướng là phương hướng chung mà trong đó một tình huống đang thay đổi.

Trend

I

ir \

Common verbs + examples

go up, rise, increase, grow1 Prices have risen by 10per cent.

go down, fail, drop2 Interest rates fell last month.

r e ma in u n c h a n g e d / s t a b le

SYN sta y t h e sa m e

3 Prices have remained unchanged .

peak 4 Sfl/ex peaked in the third quarter.

(third quarter = July to September)

fluctuate5 Saỉes have fluctuated ail year.

MeaningAdjective

a slight rise in costsa g radua l rise in profits

a steady increase in theinterest rate

a significant fall in profits

a sharp fall in sales

Common nouns + examples

rise, increase, growthWe saw some growth last year. 6

fall* dropThere s been a drop in sales. 7

stabilityThere has been stability in the markets. 8

p e a k

Stilesreached a peak in2007. 9

fluctuationThere has been some fluctuation in prices. 10

Adverb

very small.slow and over a long period of time,

slow but regular and continuing.

noticeable and important,

very large and sudden

Costs rose slightly.

Profits have risen gradually.

The interest rate has increased steadily.

Profits fell significantly.

Sales haveỊaìỉen sharply.

Chú thích hình:Giá cả đã tăng lên 10 phầ n trăm

Tháng v ừ a qua lãi suấ t dã giả m xuố ngGiá cá vầ n còn giữ nguyên không đổ iTrong quý th ứ ba doanh thu đã đ ạ t đư ợ c mứ c tr ầ n .Trong suố t cà năm doanh thu dã luôn dao độ ng:Năm vừ a qua chúng ta đã nhìn th ấ y mộ t s ố d ấ u hiệ u tăng trư ờ ng N ăm vừ a qua đã có sự sụ t giả m về doanh sô bán hàng Đã có sự ố n định ở các th ị trư ờ ng N ăm 2007 do anh th u đã đạ t đư ợ c mứ c tr ầ n

10. Đã cổ mộ t số dao độ ng về giá cả .




© Complete the sentences on the right. The meaning must stay the same - Hoàn thành cảu ở bên phải. Nghĩa phải được giữ nguyên.

► There has been a sharp fall in sales. Sales ha

1 There was significant growth in sales. Sales....................

2 There was a gradual rise in the price. The’price,..,.. ............

3 There was a slight fall in profits. Profits...................

4 There has been stability in costs. Costs have rem ain ed .........

5 There has been a steady rise in sales.Sales have..............

0 Complete the text. Use a different word each time - Hoàn thành bài bài text Mỗì lần dùng một từ khác.

Last yèar started well. In the first quarter sales ► ................... significantly. The second quarter was even beder: sales increased (1) .............They continued to (2 )............ steadily in the third quarter and reached

a (3) ............ at 90,000. By the end of Septem ber, sales had (4 )............up (5) ............ almost 50 per cent. In the last quarter there was a slight(6 ) ............ , but it was still a good year. This year has been very different. Sales (7) ............ in the first half of the year — up one month anddown the next - but in the last three months they have remained(8)..................

© Look at the arrows and complete the sentences - Hãy nhìn

vào các dấu mũi tên và hoàn thành câu.► There was a ** slight fall in 2003. 3 Sales ............. ...... ........... in 2006.1 Sales 0+ ___ z . .. 'n 2004. 4 In 2007, sales ,..."......."........2 There was a / J 7 ____ in 2005. 5 In 20,08, sales Y .. ...................... ...



BUSINESS 295

561 can to about companies Tôi có thể nói về các công tyA Setting up a business

Thành lậ p mộ t công ty

Setting up a business is a risk. Twenty per cent of new businesses fail withintwelve months; fifty per cent go out of business in three years. It may be because of poor quali ty services or goods, or one of these common mistakes:

Việc thà nh ỉ ập m ộ t công t y là rấ t rủ i ro , 20 ph ần t răm các công t y mớ i

thàn h lập làm ăn bị thấ t bại trong vòng 12 tháng; 50 phầ n trăm làm ăn th ấ t bạ i trong ba năm . Điề u này có lẽ bơ ỉ vì chấ t lư ợ ng dịch vụ ho ặ c chất lượng hàng hóa không được tố t hoặc bở i một t rong những lỗ i l ầm

thường gặp sau đây.

• inad equate m arket research

th iếu sự ngh iên cứu và t ìm h iểu th ị t rường

• poor control over suppliers and customers

k iểm soá t không chặ t chẽ các nhà cung cấp và khách hàng

• being over-ambitious and over-optimistic

có quá nhiều tham vọng và tỏ ra quá lạc quan• poor management of sto c k and assets

quản lý yểu kém về hàng tồn kho và tà i sản công ty

• inadequate knowledge of rivals

th iếu h iểu b iế t về các đố i thả cạnh t ranh

• em plo y in g the wrong people

, tuyển dụ ng không đún g người vào làm việc .

Glossary

set up a business thành Ịập công ty start a business.

risk rỏi ro the possibility that sth bad may happen in the future, risky ADJ.

fail thất bại (about a business) be unable to continue. SYN go out of

busin ess.quality chất lượng the good or bad condition or character of sth compared

with similar things.

goods hàng hóâ (PL) things that are made to be sold.




inadequate không đủ not sufficient; not good enough. COPP adequate,m arket research nghiên cứu thị trường the study of what people want to buy

and why.supplier nhà cung cấp a company that provides sth for another company,

supply V.stock hàng tồn kho everything a company has for sale at any particular time,asse t tài sản a thing of value that a person or company owns (e.g. a factory),

rival đôl thủ cạnh tranh a person or company that competes with another,SYNC competitor.employ sb tuyển dụng ai vào làm việc give sb a job (an employer is sb who

does this; an employee is sb who works for an employer). SYNC

take sb on INF.

As prefixes, over- usually means too much and under- means too little.

He o v e r c h a r g e d u s . (He made us pay too much.) Companies often ove re st im ate safes figures. (Companies think that sales figures will be largerthan they are.) OPP underestimate.

Với chức năng Ịà tiền tố:[ over thường có nghĩa too much (quả nhiều) và under (quá ít).

Anh ta đẫ bắt chúng tôi trả quá nhiều tiền. Các công tỵ thường ước tỉnh các doanh thu cao hơn so I/ôi mức thực tế.

With adjectives, they may be followed by a hyphen, egg. over-ambitious.

Với tỉnh tù; chúng cố thể được theo sau một dấu gạch nối, vỉ dụ: over-ambitious.

o Circle things in this list that you can own or sell - Hãykhoanh tròn các đồ vật trong danh mục này mà bạn sở hữu hoặc bán

com petitor m ployeeassetm arketrivalgoodssupplierstockquality

©Complete the sentences. The meaning must be the same as in the sentences on the left. Hoàn thành câu. Nghĩa của chúng phải cùng nghĩa với các câu bên trái

prefixes . over-and under

► This business is risky.

1 When did she start the business?

2 Why did the business fail?

This business is a

When did she set.........

Why did they go out....

3 We are the main com pany that supplies them.We are their main

4 Their products aren’t very good.

5 Do you still employ him?

6 When did you employ her?

Their products are of poor

Are you still his..................

When did you take............



BUSINESS 297

© What mistakes do businesses make? Complete the sentences using words from the box - Trong việc kinh doanh thường có sai lâm không? Hoàn thành câu bằng việc sử dụng các từ đã cho trong khung.

rivals optimistic research assets estimates em ploys suppliers*^

► The company doesn’t have effective controls over its customers orits

1 The com pany doe sn ’t carry out adequa te m ark et....................

2 The company is poor at managing its stock and its....................

3 The company doesn’t have a very good knowledge of its ............

4 The company .................the wrong people.

5 The company is over-................. , and it over-..................what it can

The first years may be a struggle, but i f a company can survive this difficult period, it may develop into a successful business:

N h ữ ng năm đầ u tiên có th ể là m ộ t gia i đoạ n đầ y gia n nan nh ư ng nế u mộ t công ty có th ể t ồ n t ạ i qua g ia i đoạ n khó khăn này, thì công ty có tìiể

p h á t triể n thành m ộ t doanh nghiệ p thành công:

• custom er numb ers grow and the company gains a share of th e m a r k e t

s ố lư ợ ng khách hàng tăng ỉôn và công ty ch iế m đ ư ợ c th ị ph ầ n

• tu rnover increases — the company b re a k s ev en

doanh thu tăng lên- công ty đư ợ c hòa v ố n

• the brand deve lops a r epu ta t i on

nhãn h iệ u hàng hóa đã cố đư ợ c danh tiế ng

• the company needs more capital and may sell shares to the public toobtain the finance

công ty c ầ n thêm v ố n và có th ể bán cổ phi ế u ra công chúng đ ể tăng thêm tài chính

• eventually this growth may result in the company being taken over

cuố i cùng th ì s ự ph át t ri ể n này có th ể d ẫ n đ ế n k ế t quả là công ty bị thay ngư ờ i tiế p quả n.

achieve.

B Growth - S ự tăng trư ở ng

V J




market

The market is the amount of buying and selling of a particular type of goods,e.g. There is a large market for these computers.

It also refers to an area or group of people who buy something, e.g. the European market, the teenage market

The market leader is the company with the biggest share of a market.

Market chỉ số lượng hàng mua và bẩn của một loại hàng hóa cụ thể chẳng hạn. Những

chiếc máy. tính này được mua và bán với số lượng lớn.

Từ này còn chỉ một khu vực hoặc một nhóm người mua hàng nào đó, chẳng hạn: thị

trường Châu Au, thị trường tuổi teen.

Market leader chỉ công ty nắm giữ thị phần lớn nhâí

Glossary

growth sự phát triển the p rocess of increasing in size or num ber, grow V.

struggle giai đoạn gian nan a period of action to achieve sth difficult. SYNeffort, struggle V.

survive tồn tại continue to exist in a difficult situation, survival N.gain sth đạt được điều gì obtain sth. COFP lose sth.

share phần a part of sth that has been divided.

break even hòa vốn not make a profit or a loss.

brand nhãn hiệu the name under which one or more products aresold, e.g. ‘Nike’.

reputation ơanh tiếng the opinion that people have about sth (it can begood or bad).

shares cổ phiếu (CISU'PL) units of equal value that a com pany is dividedinto and which are then sold to raise money (the buyers then own

part of th e com pany).

take over a company nắm quyền tiếp quản công ty tak e con tro l ofanothercompany. takeover N.

o Complete the sentences. The meaning must be the same as in the sentences on the left. Hoàn thành câu. Nghĩa của chúng phải cùng nghĩa với các câu ở bên trái.

► Will they continue to grow? Will there be continued ?

1 Will they take it over? Will there be a‘..................?

spotlight



BUSINESS 299

2 People say the company is very good. The company has a very good........

3 They won’t make a profit or a loss. They will................

4 it’s the biggest company in the market. It’s the market.....................

5 Are you worried they may not survive? Are you worried about their ......... ?

6 They’ve survived, but it’s been difficult. They’ve survived, but it’s been a ......


► It’s been a struggle, but Ỉthink the business ...

1 The company now has a 10 per cen t...........of the market.2 I bought 1,000 ..........in that company. They are now worth over

£10,000.

3 People go on buying the same .......... of breakfast cereal because it’sfamiliar.

4 There has been considerable in the soft drinks......... : up 25 per centin two years.

5 I think the company may be ..........over by the end of the year.

6 It’s been a good year: we’ve..........another 5 per cent of the market.

Q M Test yourself. Look at the glossary words and cover the ™ meanings. What are the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ

glossary và che nghĩa ỉại. Nghĩa của từ là gì?




571 can describe a successful business Tôi có thể mô tả mộ t doanh nghiệ p

thành côngGECKO HEADGLAR Ltd is ,1 designer and manufacturer ol safety helmets

for List? at se.1. The company Wits founded in 1993 by Jeff Sdcrco and It

started t>y selling surfboards. However, surfing is a seasonJl business, anti

Jeff realized he needed to diversify. Foiturutcly. he was able 10 exploit agap in the market.

'As a surfer'. 1could see the potential for a light helmet that gaveprotection and retained heat.' Ht? made 0I>0 and sold a fuw to othersurfers. He then did sonic research and discoverod that men who workedin lilebOiits might also be interested in his helmet, It would flow to boadapted for Iheir uso, and for that ho needed investment: ho took out a bank loon and employed more staff. 'A good relationship will! the blinkis crucial if you ro developing ,10 innovative product. In our case theprocess look three years."

After the contract 10 supply Itolmcls for the lifeboats was successful, Jtiffdeveloped (iiftoronr lypos of helmet for different uses, and has 3lways usedcustomer feedback 10 refine Ihc product.

Partnerships with supplier!. IwvQ also been a key factor in our success.We've worked closely with (Jifl(»rent injnufacturcrs. and this lias helped us _ . . ...

to keep ahead of *u rfc r m s ° n9

GECKO HEADGEAR Ltd . là nhà th iế t k ế và nhà sả n xu ấ t m ủ bả o hộ đư ợ c dùn g trẽ n bi ể n . Công ty này đư ợ c sáng ỉậ p vào năm 1993 do J e f f Sacrce và công ty b ắ t đ ầ u bàng v iệ c bán ván trư ợ t. Tuy nh iên , ngh ề ván trư ợ t là mộ t ngh ề k inh doanh m ang tính thờ i vụ , và Je f f đã nhậ n ra vầ ng ông ta c ầ n ph ả i đ a d ạ n g hóa sả n p hẩ m . M a y m ắ n th ay , ông ta đã có th ể kha i thác cơ h ộ i tạ o ra sả n phẩ m m i trên thị trư ờ ng.

* Là mộ t ngư ờ i ỉư t 'SÓng, tôi có th ể nhìn th ấ y tiề m năng phát triể n loạ i mũ

bả o h i ể m nh ẹ mà g iúp b ả o vệ và g iữ nh iệ t ổ n định.. Ông ta đã làm ra m ộ t chiế c m ủ nh ừ th ế và bán mộ t vài cái cho nh ữ ng ngư ờ i lư t sóng khác. Sau đó ông ta đã ngh iên cứ u và khám phá ra r ằ ng nh ừ ng ngư ờ i đàn ông làm việ c ở các tà u cứ u hộ c ủ n g có t h ể r ấ t q ua n tâ m d ế n loạ i m ũ bả o hộ c ủ a ô ng sả n xuấ t.

Loạ i m ủ này p h ả i đư ợ c thay đổ i phù hợ p v i nhu cầ u sử d ụ n g củ a họ , và đ ể là m đư ợ c đ iề u đó ôn g ấ y cầ n có sự đ ầ u tư : Ô ng ấ y đ ã vay đư ợ c tiề n củ a ngân hàng và tuyể n d ụ ng thêm nh iề u nhân v iên . (Mố i quan h ệ t ố t v i ngân hàng là r ấ t q ua n tr ọ n g n ế u b ạ n đa ng p h á t tr iể n m ộ t sả n p h ẩ m có tín h c hấ t s án g kiế n . Trong t rư ờ ng h ợ p củ a chúng tô i thì quá t rình này ph ả i mấ t ba năm).

S au kh i hợ p đ ồ n g c un g cấ p m ủ bả o hộ cho tà u cứ u hộ đ ạ t đư ợ c th à n h công, J e f f đã m ở rộ ng p h á t triể n thêm nhiề u lo ạ i m ủ bả o hộ khác nhau p hù hợ p v i n hữ n g m ụ c đích s ử d ụ n g m ũ kh ác nhau, và ỉuôn d ù ng p h ả n h ồ i từ p h ía k há ch h àng đ ể cả i tiế n s ả n p h ẩ m .

'Mố i quan h ệ v ỉ nh ữ ng nhà cung cấ p đã là mộ t nhân t ố r ấ t quan tr ọ ng cho s ự thành công c ủ a chúng tôi: Chúng tôi luôn làm việ c g ầ n g ũ i v i các nhà s ả n xuấ t khác nhau , và đi ề u này đã giúp chúng tôi luôn d ẫ n đ ầ u các đ ố i th ủ c ạ nh tranh’.



BUSINESS 301

Glossary

manufacturer nhà sản xuất ã person or company that makes things usingmachines, manufacture V. SANS producer, produce V.

found sth thành lập, sảng Ịập start an organization (the persons thefounder).

diversify đa dạng hóa introduce a wider range of products.

exploit sth khai thác, tận dụng make the best possible use of sth exploitation N.

a gap in the market cơ hộị tạo ra sản phẩm mới trên thị trường an opportunityto create a new product, which has not been produced by othercompanies.

potential tiềm năng the ability to develop into sth or sth better in thefuture.

retain sth giữ lại thứ gì keep or continue to have sth. retention N.

do research thực hiện, nghiên cứu do a careful study of sth to find of moreinformation.

investment sự đầu tư the activity of putting money into sth, hoping thatyou will make more m oney as a result, invest in sth V.

crucial quan trọng very important.

innovative có tỉnh chất sáng kiến introducing new ideas, innovate V. innovation N.

case tỉnh huống, trường ho'p situation.

contract họ'p đồng a written legal agreement (a person signs a contract).

feedback thông tin phản hổi information and comments from people whohave used sth.

partnership mối quan hệ a relationship between two people or organizations.

key rất quan trọng very important.

factor nhân tô' one of the things that influences a decision or affects asituation.

keep ahead (of sb) ở vị trí trước ai stay in front of sb.




Verbs of change

To alter sth means to change sth, but not completely.

We've had to alter our plans.

To adapt sth means to change sth so you can use it in a different situation.We've adapted the product for the Asian market.

To refine sth means to change sth a little to make it better.

They have refined the products over several years.

To alter sth có nghĩa là thay đổi điều gì đó, nhưng một cách không hoàn toàn.

Chúng tôi đã phải thay đổi kế hoạch.

To adapt sth có nghĩa là thay đổi thứ gì mà-bạn có thể ơùng trong một trường hợp khác.

Chúng tôi đã sửa đổi sản phẩm cho phù hợp với thị trường châu Á.

To refine sllì có nghĩa thay đổi thứ gì một ít để làm cho nó tốt hơn.

Trong suốt nhiều năm họ đã cậị tiến sản phẩm này.

o Answer these questions (you may need to read the text again)- Trả lời các cẩu hỏi này (bạn co thể cẩn đọc lại bài text lẩn

nữa.)► What is Gecko H e a d g e a r M . ị k * ị .

1 When was it founded?.............................................................

2 Why did Jeff need to diversify?..............................................................

3 What qualities did the helmet have to have? .................................

a) it had to be light b )..............................................

...................c ) ......................................................................................................................

4 How did Jeff discover that men in lifeboats were potential uers?...........

5 How did he get the money for extra staff?................................

6 What does he say about the relationship with a bank?..................

7 What information has he used to refine the products?....................

8 What was a key factor in his success?................................................

s p o t l i g h t



BUSINESS 303

0 Rearrange the letters on the left to make words. Use the definitions to help you - Hãy sắp xếp các mẫu tự ở bên trái để thành lập từ. Dùng định nghĩa đe trợ giúp bạn.

► ROTACF....Ỉ*ẹt<>*...... one of the things that influences a situation

1TOCCARNT..................a wriden legal agreement

2 NATERI ..................keep or continue to have something

3 RUCCLIA.................. very important

4 EFKABEDC..................comments from people who use something

5 V1NONTEA.................. introduce new ideas

6 REDYFIViS.................. introduce a wider rang e of products

7 PER1TNSARPH ..................cl relationship between two organizations

8 LOFEN1TAT.................................the ability to develop into something

© Circle the correct answer(s). Sometimes both answers are correct- Hãy khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng. Đôi khi cả hai câu

trả lời đểu đúng.► We have to (keep ahead ofV retain our competitors.

1 His company has the ability to exploit/alter the market more fully.

2 They are the main producers/manufacturers.

3 It’s only a small business now, but it has the feedback/potential to be very successfu l.

4 If we can’t use the product like that, we may have to ex plo it/ad apt it.

5 It was a key/crucial factor in the decision.

6 She invested/founded the company ten years ago.

7 They don't have enough money; they need more research/investment.

8 We may have to alter/adapt the product.





► We may have to A&AX a few things to get the product exactly aswe want it.

1 They were lucky because they saw a.. ...........in the market.

2 Some people take out a loan. In my ..........I borrowed money from my parents.

3 They are one of the leading.......... of washing machines in this country.

4 If we want to find out, we’ll have to do more..............

5 How much money did s h e ...........in the company?

6 Innovation helps a company to keep ...........of its competitors.

7 They can't change their minds now: they've signed the ...... .......

8 We must.......... our most important customers. We can’t afford to losethem.

9 Profit was not a big ...........in my decision to invest in the compny.

10 It’s only one product and it’s very limited; the company needsto ...........

0 M Test yourself. Cover the glossary meanings and look at ^ the words. What are the meanings? Hãy che nghĩa




BUSINESS 305

58 I can discuss marketing Tôi có thể thả o luậ n về marketingA The basis of marketing 0^

Nguyên tắ c cơ bả n củ a marketing

M a r k e t i n g là h o ạ t d ỏ n g bao gồ m thuyế t t rình, quả ng cáo, và bán s ả n phẩ m cho công ty. Để làm đư ợ c đ iề u đó, bạ n cầ n p hả i

hiể u đư ợ c các m ặ t m ạ n h và m ặ t yể u củ a công ty, và nh ậ n biế t đư ợ c n h ăn g cơ h ộ i và nh ữ n g thách thứ c có thể có. Điể u này đư ợ c g ọ ì là ‘mô hình phâ n tích S W O T :

Điể m m ạ nh, chẳ ng hạ n: Các kỹ năng chuyên m ồ n trong công ty

Điể m yế u, ch ẳ ng hạ n: Các nguồ n lự c tà i chính còn h ạ n chế

Cơ h ộ i, ch ẳ n g h ạ n : N h u cầ u đố i v i sả n p hẩ m đư ợ c tă ng lèn từ m ộ t cụ th ể

Thách th ứ c, chẳ ng h ạ n : Mộ t thờ i k inh tể , sự g iả m s úc nhu cầ u nói

Glossary

Marketing is the activity of presenting, advertising, and selling a company's

- products. To do that, you need to understand- • y the company's strengths and weaknesses,

I V Ế and be aware of possible opportuni ties andị Ẽ I threats. This is called a ‘SWOT analysis’:

,-w f Strengths, e.g. specialist skil ls in thecompany

Weaknesses, e.g. Umited financial resources

Opport unit ies, e.g. increased demand for a product from a particular market sector

••V:.. Threats , e.g. a downturn in the economy, i reducing; overall demand

p hân khúc th ị trư ờ ng

kỳ suy thoái trong nề n chung

advertising hoạt động quảng ráỡthe activity of telling peopỉe about a p roductto try to m ake them buy it. advertise V.

strength điểm mạnh a good qua l i ty or feature. COFP weakness.

opportunity c ơ h ộ j a situation in which it is possible to achieve sth.

threat thắch thức, đe ơọẵ a possible danger or problem.

limited bị giới hạn, hạn chế'small ỉn number or amount. COPP unlimited.resources nguồn lực ( ỉ lS i l PL) the supply of sth that you need, such asmoney or skills.

demand (for sth) nhu cầu (đối với thử gì) the need for sth from a particular




group of people.

sector ngành a part of an economy, society, or area of activity.

downturn thời kì suy thoái a time when an economy or industry is weakerthan normal. OPP upturn.

reduce giảm đisth make sth less or smaller. OFF increase sth. reduction N.

skin___________________________________

Skill (u) is the ability to do somethings well, is usually needing practice, kkilfulADJ. You often need a particular skill (c) for a job. skilled ADJ.

OPP unkkilled.

He has the right management skills.She's a skilful negotiator.

We had a number of highly skilled workers.

Từ skill chỉ khả năng làm ỉôĩ việc gì thường cẩn ổêh sự thực hành. Bạn thường cẩn một

kĩ năng cụ thể cho công việc. -

Anh ấy có những kĩ năng quản lỷ phù hợp.

Bà ấy là một người có khả năng thương lượng rấỉ khéo léo.

Chúng tôi đã có rất nhiều công nhằn có tay nghề cao.

©Good news or bad news for the company? Write Gor B. - Tin tốt hay là tin xấu cho công ty? Hãy viết G hoặc B.

► Limited demandìS...

1 A number of opportunities.......... 4 Unlimited financial resources...

2 They have a lot of skilled workers... 5 A reduction in demand.....

3 There are a number of threats...... 6 An upturn in the economy....

Ỡ Replace the underlined word or phrase with a single word. The meaning must stay the same - Hãy thay thế các từ hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ. Nghĩa của chúng phải giữ lại nguyên.

► Ỵ e only have a small number of products available at the moment.

1 There is a lot of competition in this part of the market. ..............

2 There isn’t much, need for beach umbrellas in the winter.

s p o t l i g h t



BUSINESS 307

3 They have a number of good qualities,

4 There is another company in the market, which could be a reald a n g e r ...............

5 Do we have the money and skills to make this product?


► Mew m arkets in Asia could be a g r e a t . f o r us.

1 If you work with advanced technology, you need people with theright.....................

2 More people wil! know about the product if we................. it on TV.

3 Is there still a growing ..................for mobile phones?

4 if there is more competition, we may have to ................. the price.5 First we must analyse our strengths and ...................

B Developing a marketing strategy^Việ c phát triể n mộ t chiế n lư ợ c marketing

fUsed marketing tips ^

Nhữ ng lờ i khiìyên hữ u ích đố i v i marketing• Don't a ssu m e you know what your customers want Đừ ng tư ở ng rang bạ n biế t nhữ ng gì mà khách hàng củ a bạ n muố n

• Target the 20 per cent of your customers who provide 80 per cent of your profit

Hãy nhắ m mụ c tiêu đế n 20 phầ n trăm sô lư ợ ng nhữ ng khách hàng củ a bạ n nhữ ng ngư ờ i mà đã tạ o ra 80% lợ i nhuậ n cho bạ n

• Don’t ignore the competition, and be ready to respond to it

Hãy chú ý đế n sự cạ nh tranh và luôn sẵ n sàng để đố i đầ u v i sự cạ nh tranh• Don’t try to compete on price alone: think about quality, reliability, etc. Đừ ng cố gắ ng cạ nh tranh chỉ riể ng về mặ t giá cả : hãy nghĩ đế n chấ t lư ợ ng, sự đáng tin cậ y, Ư .v.

• You need to gather reliable data to make accurate market forecasts Bạ n cầ n phả i tậ p hợ p nhữ ng dữ liệ u đáng tin cậ y để tạ o ra nhữ ng dự đoán chính xác về thị trư ờ ng

• You need to have realistic objectives

Bạ n cầ n phả i có, nhữ ng mụ c tiêu mang tỉnh thự c tế• Don't forget to e va lu ate your strategy; and if something isn ’t working,

, change it. Đừ ng quên là phả i đánh giá chiể n lư ợ c củ a bạ n; và nế u như có điề u gì đó không

L khả thi, hãy thay đổ i chiế n lư ợ c. ,




Glossary

strategy chiến lược a plan you make in order to achieve sth.

tip lời khuyên a piece of advice.

assume tin vể điều gỉ sth accept or believe sth is true without proof

assumption N.

target sbnhắm mục tiểu đến ai decide on the people you want to sell to

(your target market).

ignore sb/sth không chú ý đến ai/ việc gì pay no attention to sb/sth-

respond to sb /sth đảp lại, đối đầu vởi ai/ việc gì say or do sth as an answer to

sb/sth. response N.gather sth tập hợp thứ gib ring many things together, e.g. information or data.

data dữ liệu facts or information.

forecast dự đoán a statement saying what will happen in the future, forecast V,

realistic mang tính thực tế sensible, and based on what is possible in a particula r situation.

objective mục tiêu sth you are trying to achieve. SYN goal/aim.evaluate sth đánh giả việc gỉ study the facts then form an opinion of sth.

Cover the glossary, then match 1-5 with a-f. - Hãy che ™ glossary lại, rồi nố i các câu từ 1 đến 5 với các câu từ a

đến t

► respond jcL...... a pay no adention to something

1 a ssu m e ...... b choose somebody you want to sell to

2 evaluate ...... c bring many things together

3 ignore...... d say or do something as an answ er'

4 gather ...... e study the facts and then form an opinion

5 target...... f accept or believe som ething without proof



BUSINESS 309

© Complete the dialogues without repeating the same words - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại mà không lặp lại các từ giống nhau.

► Did she know it was true? - No, she just .ftUiua&.'it.

1 Do they have a plan for this? - Yes, they’ve got a ...............

2 He doesn’t have an aim. ~ Mo, he needs an .................

3 Has he replied to you? ~ No, there’s been no .................

4 Do they have the information? ~ Yes, they’ve gathered all the......

5 Is it a sensible forecast? ~ Yes, I think it’s quite ...............

6 Was it good advice? ~ Yes, it was a very useful..................


► We contacted them, but so far they haven’t

1 They got into trouble because they .................. all their competitors.

2 Have they given you a sales.................. for next year?

3 We don’t know if they’re competing for this contract, but we .................they are.

4 The company has decided to ................. the youth m arket next year.

5 We’ve....................all the information together. Now we need toevaluate it.

0 M Test yourself. Cover the glossary meanings and look at ™ the words. Can you remember the meanings? Hãy Che nghĩa glossary và nhìn vào từ. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của từ không?




Review: BusinessÔn tậ p: Việ c Kỉnh doanh______

Unit 55

1 Find eleven more ‘money’ words or phrases. (You can go across and down.) - Hãy tìm thêm mười một từ hoặc cụm từ về “tiền”. (Bạn có thể....)

c p

(c0 s

T ) B cA R L p T E A As 0 0 G u s N p

H F A T R H K Í

F 1 N A N c E T

L T Y L 0 s s A0 T A X V D Ỉ L

w R E V E N u E1 N T E R E s T

2 Replace the underlined words with a word or phrase that has the same meaning. Hãy thay thế từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ hoặc cụm từ mà có cùng nghĩa.

► Sales went down quite a lot. .......

1 The price went up a lidle. The pr ice .......................................

2 The price went down a lot. The price.......................................

3 Last year the price staved the same. Last year the price ..........

4 Sales went down from $3 m to $2 m. Sales ................. $1 m .

5 Sales went UP and down. S a le s .............................................

6 Last year there was a very small rise. Last year there was a....



BUSINESS 311

Unit 56

1 Good news or bad news for the company? Write G or B - Tin tot hay tin xẩu cho công ty? Hãy viết G hoặc B.

► They went out of business^?.......

1 They're gaining a share of the market ...........

2 They’re struggling ...........

3 They’re taking a lot of risks ...........

4 They have valuable assets ...........

5 There are more rivals...........

6 They’re taking people on ...........

7 Their shares are going up ...........

2 Complete the list of company objectives using words fromthe box. Hoàn thành các mục tiêu của công ty bằng việc

dùng từ đã cho trong khung.quality risks set up s market shares growth rivals even reputation

► the bus iness by the end of the year

1 In our first year we airn to break ..................

2 In years 2 to 5, we want to see continued ...................in our profit.

3 We don’t want to take too many ...................

4 We have to watch our .................very closely.

5 We want our products to be of the highest....................

6 Within three years we want a 10 to 15 per cent share of the ........

7 We want the company to develop a good ...................Í

8 Within five years we would like to sell ................. to the public.



312 _________________________________________ REVIEW: BUSINESS

Unit 57

1 Match verbs 1-8 with definitions a -ỉ. Hãy nối các động từ từ

1 đến 8 với các định nghĩa từ a đến ị.► refine.ị.... a change something but not completely

1 retain ...... b put money into som ething

2 manufacture ...... c make the best possible use of something

3 innovate...... d start .a business/organization

4 invest...... e keep or continue to have som ething

5 alter ....... f introduce a wider range of products

6 found ...... . g introduce new ideas

7 exp loit........ h make things using m achines

8 diversify....... i change something a lidle to make it bederV

2 Replace the underlined words with a single word that has the same meaning- Hãy thay thế các từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ mà có cùng nghĩa.

► You have to try to keep in front of others. ......

1 The introduc tion of new ideas was cru cial ..................

2 It was a very important decision ..................

3 We did a careful study to find the best product ..................

4 My partners were prepared to put money in the company.........

5 They signed a wriden legal agreement .................

6 I knew the product had the possibility to become beder ..........

7 We try to get information and comments on our products .........

8 They wanted to introduce a wider range of products. ..........



BUSINESS 313

Unit 58

1 Find eight more pairs of words in the box that have a similar

meaning-Hãy tìm thêm tám cặp từ ở trong khung mà có

nghĩa tương tự.

small s danger advice ability plan aim reply data need threat information response limited ^strategy tip objective skill demand

^ ị t ft c i Ị Ị

.............../........................................../................................../...............

.............../........................................../................................../...............2 Complete the words in each sentence - Trong mỗi cấu, hãy

hoàn thành từ:

► Developing a marketing.fí£f.^8&,....

1 Analyse the com pany’s s.............. and w ...............

2 Analyse the o............... for the company and the threats.

3 Make sure to g .............. reliable market d ................

4 Don't a ...............you know what your customers want.

5 Make sure you have realistic o .................

6 Don’t i............... your competitors.

7 Try to make accurate and reliable f .............. for future sales.

8 Remember to e ............ your marketing strategy to see if it is working.



314 REVIEW: SOCIAL ENGLISH

59 I can express probability Tôi có thể diễ n đạ t các khả năng

có th ể xả y ra ______________________

K)e£fc \ư M.k ÚI t k t l íị t õf

p e s s im is tic P a m e la , (XAjii 15

5u,rukij: l'n\ ts 0. barbicut I

MỊCt Saturday,

ỈU dtfidbig see Ma£ (tU bũ ịị I foivaj)

Mữ íuỉạ x): My btsfc Ịríeiul Sarak saúl ske 5 cúiíỊ.

Skíb bõMẲ to ip ea t tữ km first, and,

í>ke'í>preCtCer tluui me, is more

UUbj to fiutcyker.ĨMbdaýi (Vfc flt to W«AT- 1doubt if Ke'lt even,

nfltice me.

(Owine^ktj: ỉf ta ifoes speak tữ me, { CỉCpiCt ke 'tt tf iw it I'm,

stupid.

T(uui»(iatj: ỉw kearii tliere s awstlifcr party ỖHSafcurcUy -

Ma< pu^kt^o tkere ihóteai.

Fr UcuỊ: Tkere'i) A ja x t cfuuice it 'i i ra iil tổ rwjrrữ w. Tk*

barbecue voiU be. a ắ Ắ òa&Ur.

Saturday: u)cte. up vuitft a 5ptf ồn. nuj [ace ~ I 'in ctfcfiniteltjKữt 6Ínj.

Tuầ n t i trong cuộ c đờ i củ a Pamela có tính bỉ quan, 15 tuổ i

Chủ Nhậ t: Thứ bả y tuầ n t i tôi dự định sẽ đi dự mộ t buổ i tiệ c nư ng ngoài trờ i.

Chắ c chắ n tôi sẽ gặ p Max (ngư ờ i con trai tôi thích).Thứ Hai: cô bạ n thân nhấ t củ a tôi Sarah nói ràng cô ấ y sẽ đi.

Rấ t có kỉiả năng cô ấ y sẽ nói chuyệ n v i cậ u ấ y trư c, và cô ấ y thì xinh xắ n hơ n tôi. Vì vậ y rấ t có thể Max sẽ tỉlích cô ấ y.

Thứ Ba: tôi chẳ ng có bộ đồ nào để mặ c- tôi cứ hoài nghi không biế t cậ u ấ y có dể ý đế n tôi không.

Thứ Tư : nế u như cậ u ấ y có nói chuyệ n v i tôi, tôi cho ràng cậ u ấ y sẽ nghĩ tôi là ngư ờ i ngố c.

Thứ Nãm: tôi vừ a nghe là có mộ t bữ a tiệ c khác vào thứ Bả y - Max có lẽ sẽ đi dự tiệ c ở đó.

Thứ Sáu: ngày mai rấ t có khả năng là trờ i sẽ mư a. Bừ a tiệ c nư ng ngoài trờ i sẽ là mộ t tai họ a.

Thứ Bả y: ngủ dậ y v i mộ t nố t mụ n xuấ t hiệ n trên khuôn mặ t- chắ c

chắ n là tôi sẽ không di.

Glossary

pessim istic bi quan always believing bad things will happen. COPPoptimistic.

definitely chắc chắn certainly; for sure.

fancy sb thích ai INF be attracted to sb.

bound to do sth gần chắc chắn làm việc gì Ịf sb is bound to dosth, they willalmost certainly do it.

likely to do sth có thể sẽ làm việc gì [f sb is ỉikeiy to dosth , they will probably do it. on’ unlikely to do sth .



SOCIAL ENGLISH 315

doubt (if/that ...) nghi ngờ, lo ngại If you doubt if or that sth will happen,you think it probably won’t happen.

expect sth nghĩ việc gì sẽ xảy ra think or believe sth will happen.

might có lẽ used to say that sth is possible. SYNC may.a chance một khả năng a possibility (a good chance is a more than 50

per cent possibility).

disaster INF tai họa If sth is a disas ter, it is terrible.

spot mụn an unpleasant red or yellow mark on the skin (teenagershave them).

o Complete the definitions - Hoàn thành định nghĩa.

4 if something is a disaster, it is .......

1 if something is bound to happen, it will................ certainly happen.

2 if something is likely to take place, it will....................... take place.

3 If something might happen, you can also say thatit................ happen.

4 if there’s a chance that something will happen, it means itis...............that it will happen.

5 If you expect something to happen, it m eans you it will happen.

6 If you think that something is unlikely, it means it is ...............not going to happen.

7 If you doubt that something will happen, it means you...............think it is going to happen.

8 If you are pessimistic, you always believe that...............things willhappen.

© A friend is taking an exam next week. Will she pass? Look

at the percentage (%) on the right and write sentences with a similar meaning. Don’t use the verb think. Một người bạn nói về kỳ thi của tuần kế tiếp. Cô ta có vượt qua không? Hãy nhìn vào bảng phẩn trăm (%) ở bên phải và viết câu với nghĩa tương tự. Đừng dùng động từ think.




PASS?

4 Q & ĩ ĩ IW5:.......... 100% yes

1 .......................................... 95% yes2 .......................................... 75% yes

3 .......................................... 50% yes

4 .......................................... 25% yes

5 ................................... 100% no

€> ABOUT YOU Use the vocabulary to write sentences about your life next week - Hãy dùng từ vựng để viết câu vể cuộc sống của bạn tuần kế tiếp.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 317

601can explain similarities and differences Tôi có thể giả i thích nhữ hg điể m khác

nhau và nhữiicỊ điểm giống nhauLabradors! ii ’noisK, B os s iD’. il S am uư ! í i l i nos t

identical except that ÍXUĨ1IS;i lutÌ')U)ỊỊ«! Munmi l i e similarex ce pt for Lhoii iioloai ĨÌK! similar ity between s.ii'1 J;iki' ;s U'.JI ihi'VỈKithill IVO -mis ill clirH.iclt'i UiOiitjh.Ii:. y MNut. alike. Compared withJi lk e ; ih<t Hfv;: ; S ; im )s v i ' iy lù /y . I l l iaci. ,

hr Ncompletely different ÍÍ01Ỉ) lilt; fill Hi! two apart from Ltn; Ini.’Lthill lio'sgreedy - .i;i iaí;ì.wli>i:;moíỊK:<!iỉyỊỊIVIÌUl i ì i M v i ỊH . ỉt ù i ì i i y W i t h i t u u t U i ' i ] L w u . t h e

main dif fe re nce is ÍHHLBoss ISNilliciÍItiii.'i. ĩ:ỉcom parison w ith J.ikf’

Chó tha mồi Labrador

Xét về vẻ bề ngoài, Boss và S ã m gần như gìôhg hệt nhau ngoài trừ một điểm đó là

Sam hơi lôn hơn một tí. Jake và Boss thì giống nhau ngoại trừ màu lông của chúng. Sự

giống nhau giữa Sam và Jake đó ỉà cả hai đều có đôi tai lởn. Tuy nhiên xét về tỉnh cách, chúng không hề giông nhau. So với Jake và Boss, Sam rất là lười biếng. Thật ra nó hoàn ỉoàn khác biệt với hai chú chó còn ỉạị, ngoại ỉrừ một sự thật đó là nó rất tham ăn- tất cả

chú chó tha mồi Labrador đều tham ăn khỉ được cho cơ hội. So với hai chú chó còn lại,

thỉ điểm khác biệt chỉnh đó là Boss ỉhì khấ là trầm tính hơn so với Jake.

Glossary

identical giông hệt without a single difference. SYN exactly the same.except ngoại trừ not including sb/sth (except that + clause or except for

+ noun).

similar (to sb/sth )tương tự (với ai/thứ gì) like sb/sth but not the sam e,similarity N (a similarity betw een things).

alike rất giống very similar (don’t use alike before a noun).

completely different hoàn ỉoàn khác nhau different in every way.

apart from sb/sth SYN ngoại trừ ai/ thứ gì except for sb/sth.

greedy tham ăn wanting to take more than you need (usually food).

the main difference điểm khác biệt chỉnh the most important difference.




compare V, comparison N

When you compare people or things, you say how they are different.

If you compare dogs and/with cats, dogs are usually more greedy.

Compared with/to dogs, cats are very clean.In comparison with dogs, cats are more independent.

Khi bạn so sánh những người hoặc những vật với nhau, bạn nối họ khác nhau như thế

nào.

Nếu bạn so sánh chó với mèo thì chó luôn ham ăn hơn mèo.

So với chó thì mèo rất sạch sẽ.

So-vổi chó, thì mèo sông độc Ịập hơn. ___________________________________ o Replace the underlined words with a different word or phrase

with the same meaning - Hãy thay thế các từ gạch dưới vớỉ một từ từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa.

► Barley is like my other dogiiMi£aA.t^............

1 S he’s very tail com pared with Elena....... .......

2 I liked all of them except for the blue one .............

3 The two boys aren’t very similar..............

4 The most important difference is colour...............

5 Poland is very big in comparison with Hungary ...............

6 The twins are exactly the same..............

m Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu.

► If you the two books, it’s amazing how different they are.

1 She is very ............ to her mother; they both laugh all the time.

2 ............ with his last album, the new one’s a bit boring.

3 There is a ............ betw een the two tables: they’re both m ade of

the same wood.4 This chair is like the one in your bedroom,............ that this one’s

a bit softer.

s p o t l i g h t



SOCIAL ENGLISH 319

5 Max always tries to eat his brother’s food as well as his own; he’s..............adog.

6 Some people say my brother and I are ............ . but 1think we’redifferent.

7 1 didn’t like the film,............ from the ending, which was great.

8 The main ............ between the two students is th at Carlo has beder pronuncia tion.

©ABOUT YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY Write sentences about the similarities and differences between two members of your family or two cities in your country. Hãy viết các câu

về sự tương tự và sự khác nhau giữa hai thành viên của gia đình bạn hoặc hai thành phố ở đất nước bạn.




61 ] can make arrangements to meet Tôi có thể sắ p xế p cuộ c gặ p CỊỠA M ike, we nee d to talk about the project.

Can we g e t to g e th e r next week? = meet

M ike, chúng ta cầ n p h ả i nói chuyệ n về d ự án này. Tuầ n t i chúng ta gặ p n ha u đư ợ c k h ô n g?

B Yes, sure.

V âng, đư ợ c chứ .

A Can you m ak e it on Monday = Are you able to come?

morning, say? = for instance / for example N ế u nh ư vào sáng th ứ H ai bạ n có th ể đ ế n không ?

B No, I’m not ava ilab le then. = fr ee to see you

H ow ab ou t Tuesday afternoon? = W hat a b o u t . . .?

Không, kh i đó tô i b ậ n rồ i. Vậ y chiề u t h ứ Ba th ì sao?

Ả I’d like to, but I’m a fr a id = I’m sorry, b u t .. .

I’m tie d up then . = busy

Can we make it Friday morning inste ad ? = as an a lte rn ativ e

Tôi c ủ n g rấ t m u ố n , n hư n g kh i đó tô i b ậ n rồ i.V ậ y th ôi ch ủ n g ta g ặ p n h au vào sá n g th ứ S á u đ ư ợ c kh ôn g?

B I'm su p p ose d to see Jo then, = I’m m ea nt to

but I think I can postp one that. = put that off

I’ll co nfir m it w ith you tonight. = tell you definitely / for sure

Tôi có h ứ a là sáng th ứ Sáu s ẽ g ặ p Jo rồ i. Nh ư ng tô i nghĩ là tô i có th ể hoãn

ỉ ạ ỉ đư ợ c. Tôi nay tôi sẽ t rả lờ i rõ ràng v i b ạ n về v iệ c này nhé.

Ả Great, well, I’ll wait to hear from you.

À , tố t th ôi. Tôi sẽ đợ i nghe anh tr ả lờ i.

GlossaryHow about ...7 việc...nhu thế nào? is ...suitable? SAN What about ...?

instead (of 5th) thay vì (điểu gỉ) in the

place of sth (e.g. We could take the train, or we could hire a car instead.). SAN as an alternative.

postpone sth hoãn lạ i việcgì decide thatsth you had planned will happen at alater time. SAN put 5th off.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 321

be suppo sed to , be meant to + verb ________________

If you be supposed to or be meant to do something, another person thinks you will do it because you have agreed to do it.

I'm supposed to meet David later, but I don't really want to go.

She's m eant to finish that job today.

She's so, slow; I don't think she will.

Be supposed to, hoặc be meant to do something, được dùng khi có một người khác nghĩ rằng bạn sẽ làm việc gì bởi vì bạn đã hứa là sẽ làm vỉệc đó.

Tôi có hứa là gặp David sau, nhưng tôi thật sự chẳng muốn đi.

Cô ấy đã hứa là sẽ hoàn thành công việc đó ngày hôm nay.

Cô ấy rất chậm chạp; tôi nghĩ ỉà cô ấy sẽ không hoàn thành được.

o Replace the underlined word or phrase with a word or phrase with the same meaning - Thay thế các từ hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưới với mật từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa.

► ru confirm it later.

1 I'm supposed to meet hirn at six................

2 He’s tied UP tomorrow ................

3 How about Fridays?...............

4 He’s not available now

5 ril potpone it

6 Can you come, say, at five?

7 Can you make it tomorrow?

8 We must get together soon.

9 ÙH sorry but I'm busy.

© There’s a mistake in each sentence. Write the correct sentence at the end - Trong mỗi câu có sai lỗi chính tả. Hãy

viết câu đúng ở cuối dòng.

► She supposed to be here at

1 Shall we make together for a meeting?................................

spotlight




2 I’ll tell you definite tomorrow .................................

3 I could put the meeting out until Friday .................................

4 Pm afraid but I’m tied up then.................................

5 A Let’s meet at a restaurant, saying?................................B No, what about the station in place?................................

6 For an alternative, we could meet on Tuesday.................................

Test yourself. Look at the dialogue and cover the ™ meanings. Can you remember the meaning of each word

or phrase in bold? - Hãy nhìn vào bài hội thoại và che

nghĩa lại. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của mỗì từ hoặc cụm từ in đậm không?



621 can discuss my likes and dislikes Tôi có thể tiiả o luận về thích và không thích

SOCIAL ENGLISH_____________________________________________ 323

MISCHA BARON: the food king! M e a n i n g

I V\ rAOcẲ abouỶ fo od . 1 spend Q lol oflime about it.

be m ad a b o u t s ih / s b INF like sth /s b verymuch. SYN be crazy a b o u t st h /s b IN*. „ R,

1 acW e cookjng, IKougk I ’rA rsol Ve.rvjICeeA Ott washing up afterwards.

adore (doing) sth INF lovtí (doing) sth. be keen on (doing) s th INF( us ua lly u se d i n d |the negative) l ike or enjoy (doing) s th . ™ ffiB M pl il

I rAvery -foncA o-f Asian food, particularly Thai Q*v1 Korean.

b e fo n d o f (do in g) s th lik e o r e njoy (doing ) sth , es pe cial lyover a long time.

Ỉ c W /t lil e lakfawQy focxi e ft alt. n o t a t a ll not in any way. (If you do n ' t l ike s th a t a ll , you dis likeit very much.)

As Qchild, I (ocvt1ft£c\ cabbage cl \\ a ie i

{he bui 1 v/e 'to ItKe it now.lo at he (doin g) s th dislike (doing) sth very m uch (also loathe sb).get to l ike s th /sb s tart to like s th/sb.

There are Dnlij a couple of things I can >J

ổtar»cA: One- is snails. TW oiher thingI absoluielij ctartesỶ is yOghuri. ỉ ck

•rocfaer iiic iVvCta eai ijOgKuri.

ca n't stan d (doing) sth INF strongly dislike (doing) sth. SYNca n ’t bea r (do ing) s th .d ete st (do ing) s th , h ate (doing) s th (also de te st sb ). SYN lo ath es ih / s b .w o u l d r a t h e r . . . t h a n w ould prefer.

Verb + - ing

Many verbs meaning 'like or'dislike' (= not like) can be followed by an -ing form.

Nhiều động từ có nghĩa 'thích1hoặc ‘không thích ’ có thể theoSãubởi một hỉnh thức -ing.

oComplete the table using the words and phrases in the box- Hoàn thành bảng bằng việc dùng từ đã cho trong

khung.can’t stand ^cletest mad about fond of adore loathe keen on crazyabout can’t bear not like at all

s po t l i g h t

like very much like dislike very much

CO.*. 'ị ifAKef




©Correct the mistakes in the sentence beginnings, sửa lỗi chính ta ở phẩn đầu câu.

► I’m not keen for . . . ABOUT..you.

1 I fond of ................................ ......................

2 I don’t stand ................................ ......................

3 Ỉ loathe to cook ................................ ......................

4 I’m mad in ................................ ......................

5 1 can’t bearing ... .......................... ......................

6 I'm detest ................................ ......................7 1 adore eat ................................ ......................

8 Pve crazy about ................................ ......................

9 Recently, I’ve got for like ............................. ......................

10 I’m rather eat . . . than ............................... ......................

©ABOUT YOU Complete the sentences in Exercise 2 . Write about food, drinks, cooking, things you like doing, etc. If possible, tell another student. Hoàn thành câu trong Exercise 2. Hãy viết về thức ăn, đồ uống, nấu nướng, các việc mà bạn thích làm.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 325

63 I can give my opinionrp A • ^ I I A X I #Tôi có the nêu ra y kien

A Asking for and giving opinionsr r ? • / f • >A 1» a 'Hoi y icien uà neu y Kien

A A p p a re n tly , the government wants to increase the number of young peoplegoing to un ivers ity . W hat do y ou th in k ab o u t tha t?

H ìn h nh ư là chín h p h ủ đang muố n tă ng s ố ngư ờ i trẻ tu ổ i theo họ c đ ạ i họ c. B ạ n ngh ĩ sao về đ iề u đó?

B P erso n ally , I thin k it's a good idea. People should have the chance to go to university.

Theo cá nhân tô i, tô i nghĩ đó là mộ t ý hay, ngư ờ i ta nên có cơ h ộ i đư ợ c họ c đạ i họ c.

Á Maybe, but it seem s to me we need more people with manual skills, not more academ ics. And why h av en 't we got those people? It ’s the gov ernm ent'sfault.

R ấ t có th ể , như ng theo ý tôi th ì chúng ta cầ n có thêm nh iề u ngư ờ i có k ĩ năng làm việ c b ằ ng tay, ch ứ không cầ n t hêm nh ữ ng ngư ờ i có b ằ ng đ ạ i họ c. V ậ y tạ i sao chúng ta không đào tạ o nhữ ng ngư ờ i này? Đó là đ iề u sai lầ m c ủ a c h ín h p h ủ .

B You think the government is to blam e for everything. But don’t you reckon it’s a good idea, in prin cip le , for more young people to have a better education?

B ạ n cứ ngh ĩ rằ ng chỉnh ph ủ ph ả i chịu trách nh iệ m cho tấ t cả m ọ i việ c. N h ư ng tạ i sao bạ n không nghĩ xét về nguyên tắ c thì việ c có thêm nhiề u ngư ờ i trẻ tuổ i đư ợ c họ c h àn h tử t ế là m ộ t đ iề u rấ t hay ?

A Yes, I think education is an incredibly important is sue , but th e poin t is, w ha t kin d of education do we w an t young people to have?

Vang, tô i ngh ĩ g iáo d ụ c ỉầ m ộ t vấ n đ ề quan trọ ng đ ế n m ứ c không ngờ , nh ư ng đ iề u quan tr ọ ng là, chúng ta mu ố n nh ữ ng ngư ờ i trẻ tu ổ i theo họ c loạ i h ìn h n à o ?

Glossary

apparently hình như là based on what you have heard or read.

What do you think about ... ? bạn nghĩ sao về...? is used to ask sb’sopinion about a general topic (also How do you feel about ... ? Weusually use think of when asking about a person or thing, e.g.What do yo u think o f his new book?)




fault sai lẩm responsibility for a mistake.

be to blame for sth phải chịu trách nhiệm đối với việc gì be responsible for sth bad (e.g. He's to blame for the accident . = The accident is hisfaul t )

reckon (that) sth nghĩ, có ỷ kiến gì INF think or have an opinion about sth.

ỉn princip le về nguyên tắc in general, but perhaps not in all the details.SYNin theory.

issue van đề a problem or subject for discussion.

the po int is điểu quan trọng là the most important part of what I’m saying is.

I think (that) ..., Personally I think (that). . . , and It seems to m e...and I t seem s to m e .. ., are common ways of giving opinions. You may also hearIn my opinion. . . FML, As far as I'm concerned... and If you ask m e .

I think (that)...Personally I think (that)...and It seems to me...là những cách nói thường

gặp để nêu ý kiến. Bạn cũng có thể ơùng In my opinion... /As far as I ’m concerned... và if you ask me... _______________________ _____________________________

o Write the words in the correct order. - Hãy viết từ theo thứ tự đủng.

► issue / reckon/ it’s / important / I / an .cue. Ị*WjQO.xtAlfcl 'Uiue.

1 think / th is / you / idea / do / what / of ? ................................

2 I / it’s / think / good / personally / a / idea ...................................

3 agree / in / it / principle / 1/ with............................4 choice / to / it/ no/ seems / we / have / me ............................

5 it / disaster / if / me / ask / a / you / was ............................

©Rewrite the opinions using the words on the right. The meaning must stay the same - Hãy viết lại ý kiến bằng cách dùng từ ở bên phải. Phải giữ lại cùng nghĩa.

Giving opinions

► 1think it’ll be difficult. p Acy X efoWt tidtoJe It ££ Le ea&tị.

11 think we should do something. SEEMS

2 What do you think about that? FEEL .



3 I think we should help them. OPINION..............................................

4 it’s my fault. BLAME..............................................

51 think it’ll be a problem. RECKON.............................................


► .... , I thought the film was awful.

1...................,, the governm ent made the mistake, so it’s their

2 As far as I’m ....................... the most important thing is to find anew manager.

3 1think climate change is one of the most important......................of the 21st century.

4 We both think it’s important, but the ...................... is, what are wegoing to do about it?

5 In........................ I quite like his suggestion, but I don’t know if it’llwork.

SOCIAL ENGLISH____________________________________________ 327

B For or agianst? Đồ ng tình hay tà phả n đố i?

The government’s considering a proposal tọ increase the legal age to drive a

car from 17 to 21. What do you think of this idea?

C h ín h p h ủ đ an g x em xé t m ộ t đ ề x uấ t m uố n t ăn g độ tu ổ i hợ p p h á p lá i xe hơ i từ 17 tuổ i lên đ ế n 21 tuổ i. B ạ n ngh ĩ g ì về ý này?

▼FOR

• Personally, I think it's verysensible. Too many young peopleare killed on our roads.

• Yes, I’m in favour of it, bec au seit would reduce the number of carson the road.

• I would support it, too. 1 don’t

think 17 year-olds are matureenough to drive a car.

▼AGAINST

• I’m not in favour of this. 1reckon more young people will

just drive illegally.

• I’m against it, too. 1believe thatif young people are old enoughto vote, then they’re old enoughto drive.

• I’m opposed to it. It’ll maketeenagers more dependent ontheir parents.




P h ả n đ ố i• Theo tôi, tôi nghĩ đi ề u này r ấ t mang t ính th ự c tế . Có quá nhiề u ng ư ờ i trẻ tu ổ i bị ch ế t trê n đư ờ n g phố \

• Tôi ngh ĩ sẽ có thêm nhi ề u ngư ờ i trẻ tu ổ i lá i xe h ơ i b ấ t h ợ p pháp .

• Vầ ng, tôi c ũ ng đồ ng tình v i việ c này, bở i vì nó sẽ g iúp g i ả m đ i lư ợ ng •xe hơ i ch ạ y trê n đư ờ ng.

• Tôi cũ ng không đồ ng tình v i việ c này . Tôi tin r ằ ng n ế u ngư ờ i trẻ tuổ i đ ủ tuổ i đ ể bầ u cử th ì họ củ ng đ ủ tu ổ i đ ể lá i xe.

• T ôi cũ n g ủ n g hộ đ iề u n à v. Tôi nghĩ 17 tu ổ i k hông đ ủ c hín c hắ n đ ể lá i xe hơ i.

• Tôi p ì iả n đ ố i việ c này nó sẽ khiế n cho thanh th iế u n iên ph ụ thuộ c nh iề u hơ n vào c ha mẹ .

consider sth xem xét việc gỉ think about sth carefully before making adecision.

proposal ớể nghị, đề xuất a plan that is formally suggested, propose V.

sensible mang tỉnh thực tiễn practical and intelligent. COPp silly.

in favour of sth đồng tỉnh với việc gì in agreement with sth. COPP against sth.

reduce sth làm giảm thứ gì make sth smaller or less in quantity size. OPP

increase sth.

support sth ủng hộ việc gỉ agree with sth and sometimes offer help,support N.

mature chín chắn, khôn lớn acting in a sensible, adult way.

believe tin tha t have the opinion that.

opposed phản đối việc gì to sth believing that sth is wrong.

dependent on sb/sth phụ thuộc vào ai/điểu gì needing sb/sth to help you.

©Replace the underlined words with a single word that has the same meaning. Hãy thay thế các từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ mà có cùng nghĩa.

4 She is not in favour of it. ...ÍSPÃÍVỸÍ......

1 I think it’s a practical and intelligent idea. ......................

2 They’re going to think carefully about the new Ian........................

3 We can make it less. ......... ........... it

4 1agree with them and think they’re right. ...............them.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 329

5 Do you have the opinion that he's innocent? .....................

6 What do you think of the plan that was formally suggested?...................

© Complete the dialogues - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại► Are you going to help them? ~ Yes, I’m going to suPFort

the plan.

1 Is he in favour of it? ~ No, he’s ..........it.

2 Will it increase the problem? ~ No, it’ll...................................... it.

3 Do they like the idea? ~ No, they’re .......... to it.

4 Are you going to support her? ~ Yes, 1........... that she’s right.

5 Do you think it’s sensible? ~ No, I think it’s very.......................

6 Are they against the idea? ~ No, they’re in .......... of it.

7 Does she really need our help? ~ Yes, she’s completely .......on us.

8 Is he old enough to look after the shop? ~ Yes, he’s a very...young man.




64 I can talk about rulesTôi có thể nói về cấ c quy định, luậ tlệA Rules at school - Quy định ở trư ờ ng họ c

The school ỉwent to in the 1930s was very strict. \X'e hud to wear a uniform,

and the headlcaehcr insisted that we evenwore ii to church on Sundays. We weren’t allowed to til Ik to ihe girls ai the school next

lo ours, bill of COLII'SC nobody obeyed thatrule. Smoking Wiis banned everywhere.The teachers made us work very hard, andwe were forced to stiiy after school someevenings to tin lour or five hours' homework.One day I laughed during [1 lest, and thereadier nvade me write toall 40 students in the classand apologize tor my bad

behavio ur. How sillv! Iwas very disobedient,and always being

p un ished .

N gôi tr ư ờ ng mà tô ỉ đã họ c vào nhữ ng năm 1930 có quy định r ấ t là nghiêm ngặ t . Ch úng tôi đã p h ả i m ặ c đ ồ ng ph ụ c, và th ầ y

h iệ u trư ở ng còn b ắ t c húng tôi th ậ m chí m ặ c đồ đ ồ n g p hụ c đế n nhà thờ vào các ngày Chủ N h ậ t . C húng tô i k hông đư ợ c p hép nói chuyệ n v i các nữ sin h họ c ở trư ờ n g bèn cạ n h trư ờ n g c h ú ng tôi, n h ư n g d ĩ nhiên là không có ai tuân theo quy địn h này. Việ c hú t thu ố c bị cấ m đo án ở k hắ p

m ọ i nơ i. G ia ó v iê n bắ t c húng tôi họ c tậ p r ấ t c hăm chỉ, và chún g tôi còn bị bấ t buộ c p hả i ở lạ i trư ờ ng đ ể họ c vào m ộ t s ố buổ i tố i đ ể làm bài t ậ p về nhà trong

b ố n hoặ c năm giờ . M ộ t ngày nọ trong lúc làm bài k i ể m tra tôi cư ờ i r ấ t to và th ầ y g iáo đã b ắ t tô i v iế t bả n k iể m đ i ể m

g ử i đ ế n t ấ t cả 40 họ c s inh k hác tr rong l p và x in lỗ i v ề hà nh v i tồ i tệ c ủ a m ình .T h ậ t n g n gẩ n là m saoỉ T ôi đ ã th ư ờ n g

xuyên không vâng lờ it và luôn bị p h ạ t .

Glossary

strict nghiêm khắc expecting people to do what you say.

insist that bắỉ buộc rằng say strongly that sth must be done.

allow sb to do sth cho phép ai làm việc gỉ (often passive) tell sb that theycan do sth.

obey sb/sth tuân theo ai/ việc gì do what sb/sth tells you to do. OPPdisobey.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 331

rule quy định an official statement which says what you must or mustnot do .

ban sth cấm đoán việc gì (often passive) say officially that sth is notallowed.

make sb do sth bắt ai làm việc gỉ tell sb that they must do sth whici theydo not want to do. SAN force sb to do sth.

behaviour hành Vi the way you do and say things, behave V

disobedient không biết vâng lời A disobedient child doesn’t obey rules.OPP obedient.

punish sb trừng phạt ai make sb suffer for sth they have done wrong,

punishm ent N.o Cross out one word to make each sentence correct - Gạch

bỏ một từ để thành lập mỗi câu đúng.

4 Will the government ban to fast food?

1 Did she force to you to eat it?

2 They made us to sit there for an hour.

3 I wasn’t be allowed to eat anything.

4 Did he always obey with the rules?

5 She punished to me because I was late.

6 She insisted on that she didn’t do it.

© Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words on the right - Hoàn thành câu theo dạng đúng của từ ở bên phải.

► She’s very bad; she always../ittftta<ị4.... the rules. OBEY

1The children..................very well yesterday. BEHAVIOUR

2 You aren’t ............ to walk on the grass. ALLOW

3 My dog is very.

; he never comes when 1call him. DISOBEY4 They have .............. alcohol at football matches. BAN

5 What was her .............. for breaking the rules? PUNISH

6 His............ was terrible yesterday. BEHAVE




© Complete the questions with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu hỏi với từ phù hợp.

ABOUT YOU

When you were at school at the age of 11,

► were girls a t o wear make-up? ....................

1were you an o .......... child? .....................

2 what happened if you d.......... the rules? .....................

3 were the rules very s .......... ? ......................

4 what did teachers f .......... you to do that you didn’t like? ......................

5 did children b.......... beder or worse than nowadays? ......................

© ABOUT YOU Write your answers to Exercise 3, or ask another student. Hãy viết câu trả lời ở Exercise 3, hoặc hỏi người bạn khác

B Can you choose?

Bạ n có th ể lự a chọ n không?

I 'm a bus dr iver . In my job . . .

... wearing ii uniform isI have 11» c h o ice /op t ion ; ( luive It) wen rone.

om pul so rv 1

ob ligat ory I'MI J *; I hi) VCto wen r one,

... smoking f I* r“ r “ , ,d? " Ị when I'm working.U sn t p e rm itte d I‘Ml J

I'll! n o t ill low ed to sm oke ill work.

... working nỉ night |s Ị° P | i o n a * ỊI n o t c o m p u l s o rv j

III Wiinl to work «1 !*:* ch olc cJ .* Lit s u p to m e m ]

I have the o p tio n o f working on Siindiiy twice «1month.

= you mu si do it hccmisc of a ru k ‘ or <1law.

= yon n uistn l do it: ii's ag ain st ii rule oriiiỉiũnsí Iht* I jh v .

= youI’an ilct’ideorchoose W'hiit lotlo:you needn't / ilon’l liHVc to do it.

My boss le ts me go ho m e Ciirlv on Fridays. you ar c ill lowed lo go hom e Ciirly.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 333

© Are the sentences the same or different? Write s or D. Các câu này có cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

4 He allowed me to do it. 1He permided me to do it.^ .......

1 It’s not compulsory. 1 it’s up to you ..................................2 She has no choice. I It’s optional............

3 It’s his choice. ỈIt's up to him ............

4 Is it compulsory? I Is it forbidden?...........

5 It's obligatory. I It's allowed............

6 it’s optional. I It’s not compulsory ............

7 He lets me do it. I He allows me to do it ...........

8 It’s not optional. I It’s obligatory ............

© Complete each of the dialogues with one word - Hoàn thành mỗi đoạn hội thoại với một từ.

4 Do you have to wear a uniform? - No, it’s not

1 Can you leave the building at lunchtime? - Yes, they.......... you do what youwant.

2 Do you have to work at the weekends? - Yes, 1have no.............

3 Are you..........to use the phone for personal calls? - No, its............

4 Can he work at home some days? - Yes, he can; it’s.......... to him.

5 Do you have to do extra training for the job? - No, you don’t - it’s ......... , but

I probably will.6 Is today’s meeting optional or ......... ? - Well, it’s your .......... , but 1think youshould go,

7 There’s a café at work; you’re not.......... to eat your own food there.

8 lhavethe .......... of working in different departments if I want to move around.

A M Test yourself. Cover the left-hand column in the table ™ and Look at the explanations. Can you remember the

words and phrases in bold? Bạn có thể nhớ được các từ và cụm từ ỉn đậm? Hãy che cột ở phía tay trái của bảng và nhìn vào bảng giải thích.




65 -I can discuss hopes and plans

A Making plans - Lậ p k ế hoạ chA Ramiro says you’re making plans for your gran dm other’s 100th

birthday in July.

Ram ir o nói rằ ng bạ n đang lậ p k ế hoạ ch cho ngày sinh nh ậ t lầ n th ứ 100 c ủ a bà ngo ạ i vào tháng Bả y.

B Yes, we’ve still got a few thing; to s o r t o u t .

Vâng, chúng tô i v ẫ n còn m ộ t s ố việ c c ầ n ph ả i sấ p x ế p .A So you’re going to have a big party, are you?

Vì vậ y bạ n d ự đ ịn h tổ chứ c m ộ t buổ i tiệ c th ậ t lở n, p h ả i vậ y không?

B Yes, we’re expecting about a hundred people, actually.

Vâng, th ậ t ra chúng tô i đang d ự t ính là có kho ả ng mộ t trăm ngư ờ i tham gia.

A Wow! And where do you intend to have it?

Ôi chao/ Vậ y bạ n dự đ ịn h tổ chứ c tiệ c s in h n hậ t ở đâu?B On a river boat, and I’m hoping to get a jazz band too.

Ở tr ên m ộ t chiế c thuy ề n bơ i tr ên sông , và tôi c ũ n g đ a n g m u ố n t ìm m ộ t ban nhạ c jazz .

A That sounds great! I hope it all go es smoothly.

Tuy ệ t quá! Tôi hy v ọ ng tấ t cả m ọ i chuyệ n sẽ d iễ n r a s uôn sẻ .

B Yeah, I don’t want anything to go wrong because sh e’s really

looking forward to it.Vâng; tô i không muố n có b ấ t c ứ chuy ệ n g ì bị tr ụ c tr ặ c bở i vì bà c ủ a tôi th ậ t s ự r ấ t háo hứ c mo ng chờ tiệ c s in h n hậ t.

Glossary

make plans (for sth) lên kế hoạch (cho việc gì) prepare for sth you want to do in the future. SAN plan sth.

sort sth out sắp xếp việc gì organize sth.

be going to do sth dự định sẽ làm việc gì plan to do sth in the future,

expect sth d ự tính việc gì sẽ xảy ra think that sth will happen because it is

probable or has been planned.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 335

intend to do sth / doing sth dự định làm việc gì plan to do sth. intention N.OFP have no intention of doing sth.

hope to do sth hy vọng lam được việc gì want to do sth and think that it is possib le .

go smoothly ơiễn ra suôn sẻ happen without difficulties or delays.go wrong bị trục trặc If sth goes wrong, there is a problem and the

plan might fail.

look forward to mong chở điều gì feel happy about sth that is going to

(doing) sth happen.

actually

Actually is often used when adding new information or being more exact. SAN infact. Be careful: actually does not mean 'at the moment'.

He's German, isn't he? — Yes, he's from Berlin, actually.

Actually thường được dùng khi thêm thông tin mới hoặc nói một cách chính xác hơn.

Cẩn thận: actually không cố nghĩa ‘ vào lúc bây giờ’.

Ông ấy là người Đức, phải không? Vâng, thật ra ông ấy đến từ Berlin.

©Same or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa của các câu này giống nhau hay khác nhau? Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► She’s looking forward to seeing John. I She’s expecting to seeJohnfO....

1 Did the wedding go smoothly? 1 Did the wedding go wro ng?......

2 He plans to go to Ireland. 1He intends to go to Ireland......

3 I live in Poland at the moment. I 1live in Poland, actually .......

4 Pm hoping to get the job. I I’m going to get the job ......

5 1don’t intend to buy the car. 1I’ve no intention of buying the car .......

6 Have you planned anything for tonight? I Have you made any

plans for tonig ht? ......

spotlight




© Complete the email - Hoàn thành email.

We’re 4 ..........to take six months off work and go travellingthis winter. At the moment we’re (1) m ........... plans and trying todecide exactly where to go. We (2) i........... to spend most of the

time travelling round Australia and New Zealand as we both havefamily there, i'm (3) h ........... to be able to get hotel work there,which will cover the cost of our accommodation. Pm not (4) e ...........anything very smart, but at the same time, i've no (5) i ........... of sleeping in a tent for the whole time. At the moment we’re trying tosell our car to help pay for the adventure: 1just hope nothing goes(6) w............with the sale. In (7) f ............ . if everything goes (8)s ........... , we'll be in Sydney on Christmas Day, which will be fabu

lous; I’m really looking (9) f ........... to it.^ Test yourself. Look at the glossary words and cover the

^ 9 meanings. What do the words mean? Hãy nhìn vào từ glossary và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của từ đó là gì?

B Spoken responses Nhữ ng cách trả lờ i trong văn nói

; Arẹ you going to mọ ve Ịiọ ụ sẹ ? : .

Responses M e a n i n g

✓ Definitely.- Yes. I’m sure it will hap pen .

X Definitely not. = No. I'm sure it won’t happ en .

✓ 1think so. = 1th ink it will probably happen .

X 1doubt it. /1 don't think so. = I think it probably won 't happen.

✓ 1hope so. = i w an t i( LOhappen, b ut 1don ’t know if it will.

X 1hope not. = 1don’t wan t it Lo happen , and Ỉdo n’t kno w if it will.

✓ I'm afraid so. = I th in k it will happ en and I'm unh ap py íiboul ỈL.

X I'm afraid not. = 1don't think it’ll happen an d I’m unh app y about It.

✓ 1assume so. = I think it will happen , bu t I have no proof.

✓1expect so. 1imagine so.

1suppose so. 1guess so.= t think it will happen.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 337

o Correct the mistakes. Write the correct sentence on the right. Sửa lổỉ chính tả. Hãy viết câu đúng ở phía phải.

► I’m assum e so. 4 I guess it. ......................

1 I doub t so. .................. 5 I afraid so. ...................... .....2 I’m not af ra id ...................... 6 I don’t hope. ......................

3 1don’t think ........................ 7 Definitely no. ............... .

© Complete the dialogues with the correct words or phrases - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại với từ hoặc cụm từ đúng,

► Is everything going smoothly with your holiday plans? ~ Yes,

1 Are they going to have a party? - Yes, I i..................... It’s their fortieth wedding anniversary.

2 is Ravi going to cook for us tonight? - 1don’t t ..................... Minaalways seems to do the cooking.

3 Is Melissa going to get married? I h ............I reallike the guy she’s going out with.

4 Are you going on holiday this summer? - I’m a .......... ........Wecan’t afford it.

5 Do you think Omar will get promoted? - Ỉ a ................... He’s the best candidate and everyone likes him.

6 Do you think they’ll win? ~ I d......................They’re playing very

badly this season.7 Are you going to buy that CD player? ~ D ................... It’s the best

one on the market.

8 Are you going to take the exam? - Yes, I s.... ..............., but I’dratherrwait another year.

Test yourself. Cover the responses and look at the

® ™ meanings. What are the responses? Hãy che câu trả lời và nhìn vào nghĩa. Câu trả lời là câu gì?




661 can express dissatisfaction Tôi có thể bày tỏ sự bứ c xúc

A How to complain - Cách than phiề nf 1 “ " >

Make sure you know how you want the situation to beresolved after you complain.

H ãy chắ c chắ n ràng bạ n biế t bạ n m uố n sau khỉ bạ n th an p h iề n th ì t ìn h hu ốn g sẽ được g iả i quyế t n h ư t h ế n à o .

Collect as much evidence as possible, e.g. photos, guarantees,etc. (

Thu thậ p cang'nhieu bằ ng chứ ng càng tố t , chẳ ng hạ n như : hình ả n h, g iấ y bả o đ ả m ,...

Expressing dissatisfaction in person can be the most effective.

Sự gặ p m ặt t rực t iếp để bày tỏ sự bức xúc có thể là cách h iệ u quả n hấ t.

Always keep calm when you complain. There is no point inlosing your temper.

H ãy lu ôn giữ bin h tĩnh trong lúc bạ n th an phiề n . Chẳ ng có ĩý do gỉ đ ể bạ n p h ả i m ấ t bìn h tĩn h cả .

Back up your claim ỉn writing.

V iế t t hư gử i đ i đ ể chứng tỏ v iệc bạn kh iếu n ạ i l à đ úng .

Consider getting an expert’s opinion to back up your claim.

Cân nhắ c xem th ử có nên x in ý k iế n c ủ a chuyên g ia hay không đ ể ủ n g hộ việ c k hiế u nạ i củ a bạ n. 1

1Glossary

make sure chắc chắn rằng be certain.

resolve sth FML giải quyết việc gì find an answer to a problem. SYN settle sth.

complain (about sth) than phiền về việc gỉ say you are not satisfied withsth. mage a complaint (about sth) N.

guarantee giấy bảo đảm a written promise by a company that it willrepair or replace sth that stops working within a specific period of time.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 339

dissatisfaction sự bức xúc the annoyed feeling you get when sth isnot as good as you expected it to be. COPF satisfaction,dissatisfied ADJ.

in person nói trực tiếp speaking to sb face to face.

keep calm giữ bình tĩnh stay quiet and not get excited, worried, or angry.lose your tempermẩí bỉnh tĩnh be unable to control your anger. COPP

geep your temper.

back sth up ủng hộ điều gì support sth; say or show that sth is true.

claim sự khiếu nại a demand for sth, often money, tha t you think youhave a right to, often from a company or the government, make aclaim V.

in writing bằng cách viêĩ thư in a letter, email, etc.

consider doing sth xem xét việc gỉ think about doing sth.consideration N.

expert chuyên gia a person who has a lot of knowledge of a subject.

point

Point can mean 'reason' or'purpose' and is used in several expressions:

W hat's th e p o int o f doing that? (What's the reason for doing that?)There's no p o in t in do ing that (There's no reason to do that.)

Point có nghĩa là “lý do” hoặc “mục đích”, và được ơùng trong một vài cách nói:

Lý do làm việc đó là gì?

Chẳng có lý do gì làm việc đó cả.

o Match 1-6 with a - g. - Hãy nối các câu từ 1 đến 6 với càc

câu từ a - g.► make ....c.... a in person

1 a written. ...... b calm

2 lo se ....... c a claim s

3 make ...... d guarantee

4 keep...... e the situation

5 speak to someo ne ...... f your temper

6 resolve ...... g sure

spotlight





► Make .tvme..... you keep your receipt.

1 We were very ............ with the slow service, and in the end

we. ........... about it.

2 You often get a two-year ............ with a new washing machine.

3 There’s no ............ in complaining without a good reason.

4 It helps to have someone to.............you up when you make acomplaint.

5 If you want to make a claim, you will need to back it up in ............

6 1tried to calm but Pm afraid I lost my .............

7 You sometimes need to find an ......... who really knows the subject.

8 Have you ............ seeing a lawyer to get some legal advice?

Test yourself. Cover the glossary meanings and look at the words. What are the meanings? Hãy che nghĩa

glossary và nhìn vào từ. Nghĩa của từ là gì?B Having a moan - Than vãn

I'm fed up with the painting course this term.

.Tôi chán khóa hoc ư ề hoc kỳ này lắ m rồ i.______ ,

f Pm not happy with it either. The l oom they’ve given us IS d read fu l ^- it's too small.

Tôi củ ng không hài lòng chút nào. Căn phòng mà họ giao cho chúng ta thậ t là

tồ i tệ _ nó quá nhỏ .

\

/

A Actually, I’m n o t so b o th e re d about the room. It’s the man who jo in edthe course last month — he really ge t s on my nerves. He’s always moanin g.

Thậ t ra tôi không bự c mình lắ m về căn phòng. Đó chính là ngư ờ i đàn ông tỉiani gia khóa họ c tháng trư c- aạ h ta thự c sự khiế n cho tôi bự c mình. Anh ta luôn than vãn.

f Yes, he’s spoilt it for the rest of us, really. And next week someone else is^Nstarting.

Vâng, ông ta đã làm phá hỏ ng bầ u không khí l p họ c dố i v i tấ t cả chúng ta, s^th ậ t sự là vậ y. Và tuầ n t i lạ i có mộ t ngư ờ i m i bắ t đầ u vào họ c. y

Oh what a nuisance! I don’t think they should let people join the courselate. I might m e n t i o n it to the teacher.

Oh thậ t là bự c mình làm sao ĩ Tôi nghĩ họ không nên để cho ngư ờ i ta tham gia khóa họ c này mu ộ n . Có lẽ tô i ph ả i tr ình bày đ i ề u này cho th ầ y g iáo.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 341

Glossary

fed Up with sth chấn điểu gì bored or unhappy with sth.

happy with sth vui với điều gì feeling that sth is good or right.dreadful tồi tệ very bad. SANDS terrible, atrocious, appalling.

join sth tham gia become a member of a group such as a class or club.

get on sb’s nerves khiến cho ai bực mình INF irritate sb or make sb angry.

moan kêu ca phàn nàn INF keep saying what is wrong or bad about sth.moan N.

spoil sth làm hỏng thứ gì change sth good into 3th bad PT, pp spoilt/

spoiled or unpleasant. SAND ruin sth.nuisance điều bực mình a person, thing, or situation that annoys you.

mention sth đề cập điều gỉ talk about sth, usually quickly and withoutsaying much.

bother

The verb bother is used in several expressions;

I 'm n o t bothe red ab ou t what I wear. INF = I don't care about what I wear.( I 'm ) sor ry to bo ther you. = I'm sorry to disturb you. (Used when sb IS busy.)D o n 't b o th e r to buy the milk. = Don't trouble yourself; it's not necessary.

Động ỈỪ bother được dùng ở một số thành ngữ:

Tôi không hề bận tâm đến việc tôi mặc đồ gì.

Tôi xin lỗi vỉ phải quãỳ rẫy bạn.

Đừng tự bắt buộc phải mua sữa làm gì.

Ỡ Cross out one more word in this list that does not have a negative meaning - Gạch bỏ thêm một từ trong danh sách này mà không có nghĩa phủ định.

atrocious ► jem fed up ruin moan dreadful

nu isance spoil mention appalling

s po t l i g h t




©Complete the dialogues with a suitable word - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại với từ thích hợp.

4 What dreadful weather. ~ Yes, absolutely

1 What’s the m ader? - Oh, I’m ............. up with this essay.

2 Oh Brian, I’m sorry to ............. you. ~ That’s OK. Come on in.

3 We can’t watch TV. It’s not working. - Oh no! What a..............

4 There was too much salt on the meat. ~ Yes I know. It really.............. it.

5 Shall I close the gate? ~ No, don’t ............... Leave it open.6 I’ve decided to ............. a chess club. ~ I didn’t know you played

chess.

7 Do you want to go out? ~ No, rm not............... Let’s stay here.

8 Did you say anything about the course? - Yes, I........ '....it to thedirector.

©ABOUT YOU Write your answers, or ask another student. Hãy viết câu trả lời của bạn hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác .

1 Is there anything you ’re fed up with at the m om en t? .............

2 Is there anything or anyone that gets on your nerves?...............

3 Do you moan about anything in particular? ............................

4 Can you think of anything in your town that’s dreadful? ................5 Are you bothered about the level of your English at the moment?................

A M Test yourself. Look at the glossary words and cover the ” ™ meanings. What are the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ

glossary và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của từ là gì?



SOCIAL ENGLISH 343

67 I can understand warnings Tôi có thể hỉể u đư ơ c các bỉen báo ___________ _ _____________________________4 _________ _ _______________________

Glossary

mind coi chừng (your head, leg, etc.) used to tell sb to be careful of sth.

danger sự nguy hiểm the possibility of sth happening that will injure,harm, or kill sb.

beware of sth cẩn trọng đối với việc gỉ (usually on written signs) be carefulof sth.

warning biển báo a notice or statement that tells you to be careful, warn

sb (of /ab ou t sth) V.cross (sth) băng qua go from one side of sth to the other.

in case of sth ỉrong ỉrường hợp xảy ra việc gì if sth happens.

caution sự cẩn trọng (used in notices) be careful.

swallow sth nuốt vào thứ gì make food or drink go down your throat andinto your stomach.

seek sth tìm kiếm thứ gỉ FML try to find sth or ask sb for sth.assistance sự trợ giúpFML help or support.

prem ises cơ ngơi nhà cửa (PL) the building and land around it belongingto a business




©Write the words in correct sentences - Hãy viết từ trong câu đúng

► mind / is / dish / your / that / hot / fingers

ÀỈỊịto-cL CỈÌiỈỊ u ÍịoỊ.

1 as sistance / any / need / do / you / ? ....................................................

2 help / seek / sym ptom s / Caution / if / continue /m e d i c a l.........

3 beware / bites / the / of / it / dog ...... .................................................

4 is / when / don’t / the / down / Warning / cross / barrier ...........

5 building / the / fire / case / in / of / leave / immediately ............6 police / ring / of / case / in / the / emergency................................

©Complete the sentences - Hoả /7 f/)àn/ĩ cả u.

► ..R&ĩ k.out! There’s a car coming!

1 If someone ................the liquid, take them tohospital and take the

bodle with you.2 ............. of falling rocks. In..............of em ergen cy, call the police.

3 ............. the step when you leave the building.

4 Watch .............. ! There’s a big spider.

5 The river was flooded, and a policeman ............. us about the...............ahead.

6 Be .when you’re driving there. There are often low flying ..................... 1

7 If you need any, please ring the office.

8 There are usually guard dogs on the business..............at night.

)



SOCIAL ENGLISH 345

Review: Social English On tậ p : Tiế nợ Anh giao tiế pUnit 59

1 Complete the sentences on the right, keeping the same meaning as in the sentences on the left - Hoàn thành câu ở bên phải, hãy giữ cũng nghĩa như trong các câu ở bên trái.

4 It’s possib le he’ll go. He ....

1 He’s sure to go. He’ll...................2 I don’t think he’ll fancy her. I............. he’llfancy her.

3 1’m alm ost sure it’ll be a disaster. It’s b ound .............

4 He might go. t There’s a chance .............

5 I expect it’ll rain later. It’s ......... to rain later.

6 He always thinks the worst will happen. He’s very............

Unit 60

1 Complete the text - Hoàn thành bài text.

My sisters, Lucy cmd EUie, arc twins. To l.K)k at they areabsolutely ► .. .u k n ii ca i■(! ) ...................ior their hair Lucy'sis long, and Ellie s is shoulder-length. They adore being twins

an d they love people to know they are tw o;; When they goout. they make sure that their clothes are (2 ) ___ ... _. tho.same.

In character, though, they're not (3) _____ . Elite ISconfident and optimistic (4) .............. . with I.ucy, who ISmuch more reserved and quiet When they are at university,then behaviour is also (5 ).......... _ .... diiiorcnt. Elite is (fiendswith everyone, but Lucy doesn'l spend time with anyone(6) ____ iroin her sister. The (7) ____ „ ciiiiorence between the twins and me is the w ay we look, OÍ courseI'm veiy dark in (8 ) ___ ____ _ with them they both have beơutiíul blonde hair.




Unit 61

1 Complete the conversation - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại.

A Jun, we must ...££{..........together next week. Cany o u ( l) .................................... it on uesday?

B I’m (2) ...........i’m busy on Tuesday. (3) .......................... aboutWednesday?

A No, I don’t think I’m (4) ................. then. I’m supposed(5);............... see Chris about the computer.

B Oh dear. Wednesday’s the only day next week that Fm not(6).................up. Could you possibly (7)................... your computer meeting until the following week?

A Tm not sure; I’ll have to talk to Chris. Can I (8) ................. that withyou .................. tomorrow?

B OK, Jun, that’s fine. I’ll wait to hear from you.

Unit 621 Complete the sentences with suitable words - Hoàn thành

câu với từ phù hợp.

Things or people that i like: ABCkJT YOG

1 I’m very ........... on physical exercise.

2 I’m ..........of the people in my class.

3 I’m .......... about dancing.

4 I absolutely ..........chocolate.

Things or people that I don’t like:

5 1 do n’t like shellfish at .... ........

6 1 can ’t ..........waiting in queues.

7 I’m not very ..........on cheese.

8 Í absolutely ..........cold weather.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 347

2 ABOUT YOU Do you agree with the sentences in Exercise 1? Write your own sentences or ask another student - Bạn có đồng ý vởi các câu trong Exercise 1 không? Hãy viết các câu của chính bạn hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

Unit 63

1 Which two phrases have a similar meaning? Tick (S) them- Hai cụm từ nào sau đây có nghĩa tương tự nhau? Hãy đánh dấu tick (S) vào chúng.

4 I supp ort it □ I personally, I th in k H I if you ask m e 0

1 not in favour of □ I the issue i against □

2 is to blame □ 1 it seems to me □ i is his fault □

3 in my opinion □ I as far as I’m concerned □ 1 I’m considering □

4 in favour □ I in principle □ I in theory □

5 is op po sed to □ 1 is against □ 1 is mature □

6 I believe □ 1 I reckon □ I Ịbiame □

2 Circle the correct word or phrase - Hãy khoanh tròn từ hoặc cụm từ đúng.

4 It (seenỊỵreckons to me thai we need this.

1 Is he in favo ur/ag ainst of the proposal?

2 It’s not your blame/fault.3 Give him a key; he's quite sensible/silly.

4 What do you think about/of my new car?

5 1need to consider/reckon this issue.

6 Do you agree in favour/in principle?

7 Do you support/opposed to the idea?




Unit 64

1 Rewrite the sentence using the correct form of the word in capitals. The meaning should stay the same - Hãy viết lạì

câu bằng việc dùng dạng đúng của từ theo chữ hoa. Nghĩa của chúng phải được giữ lại.

► Smoking isn’t allowed. BAN ........................

1 He doesn ’t do what 1 say. DISOBEY ..............................................

2 They make us work hard. FORCE..................................................

3 You can’t eat here. ALLOWED............ ...........................................

4 You have to wear a uniform. COMPULSORY...............................

5 She allowed us to sit down. LET.....................................................

6 The boss says we have to go. INSIST............................................

7 The way he acts in class is terrible. BEHAVIOUR ......................

8 He makes us suffer if we’re late. PCJNISH .....................................

Unit 65

1 Complete the dialogue - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại.

A You must be busy plans for your wedding.

B Yes, Ỉam, in (1) f ................ , Ịseem to do nothing else.

A Are you (2) e ................ a lot of guests?B Oh, yes, (3) d ................ * it’s going to be enorm ous. We've both

got big families.

A And is Barry (4) i................ to come?

B Goodness, I really (5) h ............... not — he’s the last person 1want at my wedding. Anyway, I have ho (6) i................ of inviting

him.A And how about Auntie June — is she coming?

B No, Fm (7) a ................ not — she’s not very well, (8) a ...............Her operation didn’t go as (9) s ...............as expected, so she won’t

be able to m ake it. She’s ok, though.



SOCIAL ENGLISH 349

A That’s a relief. And what about Grandpa — is he (10) g ..........to be there?

B Well, I (11) g................so — it wouldn’t be a wedding withouthim, would it?

Unit 66

1 Is the speaker happy or unhappy in the sentences? Write Hor u. Trong những câu này người nói hạnh phúc hay không hạnh phúc. Hãy viết H hoặc u.

► The rain didn't spoil my holiday...tí....

1 I was really fed up with he r ...........2 The weather’s atrocious, isn’t it?..........

3 We’ve resolved the problem .............

4 Billy’s moaning again ............

5 Judi didn’t lose her temper ...........

6 I’ve got a complaint about the room ...........

7 The noise doesn't bother me ...........

8 That dog’s a nuisance ...........

9 My day’s been ruined ...........

2 Rewrite the sentence using the correct form of the word in capitals. The meaning must stay the same - Hãy viết lại

các câu bằng việc ơùng dạng đúng của từ in hoa. Nghĩa của chúng phải được giữ lại.

4 Don’t get angry. TEMPER Don’t ...

1 There’s no reason to go out. POINT There’s ......................................

2 You should speak to her face-to-face. PERSON You.................................

3 1would ask someone who knows a lot about it for advice. EXPERT 1.........

4 Have you ever thought about going to live abroad? CONSIDER Have........

5 She became a member of the tennis club.. JOIN She..............................




6 Waiting in queues really irritates me. NERVES Waiting...........

7 I don’t think the cost of the meal is important. BOTHER I........

8 Did she say anything to you about the divorce? MENTION Did.

Unit 67

1 Complete the warnings - Hoàn thành cảnh báo

WARNING Do noi -Cr0SG the railway

line when the barrier Is down.

I n Of

PHONi rtf/5 NÚM6Ệ Ù

ILOW DOOR.

YOUR HEAD.

I f swallowed, seek medical

Watch

for thieves.OF DOGS!

Broken glass on tiki [Mill ~ỊỉltííiSV ifO

immediately.



LANGUAGE 351

68 I can use link wordsTôi có thể dùng các từ nố iA Reason, result, and addition

Lý do, k ế t quả và sự thêm ý A link between A and B is a connection between two or more peopleor things. The words in bold in this unit all link one idea (A) withanother idea (B).

Một sự nôi kết giữa A và B là sự liên kết giữa hai hoặc nhiều người hoặc nhiều vật.

Tất cả các từ in đậm trong bài học này đểu nối một ỷ (A) với một ý khác (B).

Glossary

as a result vì vậy because of sth that happened before. SYN so.

due to sth do bởi điều gì because of sth.

what’s more thêm nữa là INF used when you are adding information in

spoken English or informal written English. SAN plus INF (and seespotlight)

as bởi vì used to say why sth happens, or why sb does sth. SANS since, because.

consequently do đố because of sth that happened before. SYN therefore.(Both words are more formal than as a result or so.)

f " ■>

. . . and everything went wrong. I forgot to set the alarm, a n d a s aresult, I overslept and had to get a taxi to the station. Of course, a ll th e t r a i n s we r e d ela y ed d u e t o t h e sno w. W h a t ’s m o r e , w h e nthe t ra in a r r ived , i t was absolu te ly f reez ing as the hea t ing wasn’ tworking. A bi t l a ie r the t icke t inspec tor came round,

an d I discovered I ’d bought the w rong kind of t icket , s o I had to pay ag a in , p lu s I h ad to pay a fin e, w hich w as very ann oy ing . Andw hen I f inal ly got off th e t ra in , I slipped on th e ice and brok e myankle . Consequently

I sp en t t he re s t o f t he day , no t a t the m ee ting , bu t in hosp i ta lhaving x-rays . Not my best day .

. . . v à m ọ i th ứ đ ã tr ở n ê n th ay đ ổ i. T ô i đ ã q uê n v ặ n đ ồ n g h ồ báo th ứ c , và v ỉ v ậ y tô i đ ã n g ủ q u ê n và đ ó n x e ta xi đ ế n n h à g a . D ĩ n h iê n là t ấ t c ả cá c c h u y ể n t à u đ ề u bị tr ì h o ã n d o bở i tr ờ i có t u y ế t T h ê m



352 REVIEW: LANGUAGE

r nữa ĩa , k h i tàu đến n ơ i th ì nó hoàn toàn b ị đón g băng bởi v i máy đ iều ^ h ò a n h i ệ t đ ộ k h ô n g h o ạ t đ ộ n g . M ột lá t sau nhân ư iên k iểm soá t vé đ i dạo xung quanh và tô i p h á t h iện ra tô i đã mua nh ầm loạ i vé, do đó tô i

p h ả i t rả t iền l ần nữa , và tô i còn p hả i tr ả thêm t i ền ph ạ t , đ i ều này râ t là đáng bực mình . Rồ i kh i tô ỉ bước xuống tàu tô i b ị t rượt chân vào một

t ảng băng và b ị gãy ở m ắ t cá chân . Do đó tô i phả i mâ t thờ i g i an còn l ạ i t r o n g n g à y , k h ô n g p h ả i đ ể d ự cu ộc h ọp m à l à n ằ m t ro n g b ệ n h v iệ n đ ê

mà chụp X-quang . Thậ t l à mộ t ngày tồ i tệ . V --------^

1 s po t l i g h t ^ in add ition , moreover, furthermore

These are more formal ways of adding more information or arguments.

The business was in trouble. In addition, his activities had attracted the attention

of the police. Teacher numbers have risen by 12%. Moreover/ Furthermore,extra money is being spent on books.

Sau đẫy là những cách nói trang trọng hơn để thêm thông tin hoặc lập luận.

Việc kinh doanh đă gặp rắc rôl

Hơn nữa, những hoạt động của ông ta đã gây sự chú ý cho cảnh sát

Sô lượng giáo viên đẫ tăng lên khoảng 12%. Hơn nữa, phải chi thêm một sô' tiền vào việc mua sách.

o Circle the correct word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► (Ai> In addition Ịhad no money, I couldn’t pay.

1 It snowed heavily, and as a resul t/p lus , we had to stay in for twodays.

2 It was an old armchair, and because/what’s more, it smelled hor

rible.>

3 He had to give up his job consequently/due to stress.

4 People are richer these days and therefore/since they spend a lotmore.

5 It was a long way to the station, so/plus I had a suitcase. .

6 Since/Furthermore he had no money, 1ended up paying the bill.

7 Zoltán saw a man standing in the shadows. Therefore/Moreover, hewas holding a knife.

8 The town has a good transport system. Furthermore/As a result, itis very cheap.



LANGUAGE 353

© Write the circled link words in Exercise 1 in the table below. Hãy viết các từ liên kết được khoanh tròn trong Exercise 1 ở bảng bên dưới.

reason result addition A i

© Complete the sentences in a logical way - Hoàn thành câu theo cách lô gích.

4 I had a very bad night’s sleep: the bed was uncomfortable, plusAOOft*.Wtki hot

1 In winter, schools somet imes have to ..................due to bad weather.

2 Gila lost her passport on the way to the airport; consequently.....................fly that day.

3 The hotel was dirty and the service was poor. Furthermore, the

food .......................

4 As I.much money to spend, I decided to stay at homethat evening.

5 He forgot his key and therefore he couldn’t..........................the flat.

6 Jeans are extremely practical; what’s more ....................expensive.

B Contrasting ideas - Các ý kiế n đố i lậ pA contrast is a difference between two or more people or things thatare being compared. The words in bold below are used to introduce anidea which contrasts with something you have just said.

Sự đố i lậ p là sự khác nhau giữ a hai hoặ c nhiề u ngư ờ i hoặ c nhiề u việ c đang đư ợ c so sánh . Các từ đư ợ c in đ ậ m dư i đ ây đư ợ c d ù ng đ ể g i i th iệ u m ộ t ý m à có nghĩa đố i lậ p v i ý mà bạ n vừ a m ì nói.




Contrasting two ideas in one sentence:

{although 1 even though > it

though J

despite feeling very unwell.J we 111 to work ^ in spite of the bad w eather.

despite ihe fact that Ihad flu.

w asn ’t Ciisy.

Contrasting two ideas in two separate sentences:

The car was old. ồ rth aí .} ' s,il1 boUBhl il

Notes

The clause with although, even though, andthough can come at the beg inning or the end,e.g. A ìt ỉi ough it wasn't easy, wc got a ticket.

Despite a n d SYN in spite of a r c f o l l ow e d by a n I-iilij form or ci no un. I

However,She didn’t work hard. ( Nevertheless, /’She still passed

I All the sa m ej

He says he ’s rich . I do n’t believe him . III* 0 0 8 *1/

In despite that an d in spite o f that, the wordi/wi refers hack to the fact that ihe car was old.

However and nevertheless are m ore formal;iill the same is more informal.

At the e nd of a sen tence, however is moreformal than though.

s p o t l i g h t stil l

Still can be used to emphasize that the second part of a sentence is surprising,especially after what was said in the first part of the sentence.

She felt ill, but she still went to work.

He left an hour early, but he still missed the train.Still có thể được dùng để nhấn mạnh rằng phần thứ hai của một câu là đáng ngạc

nhiên, đặc biệt là sau những gì đã được nói ở phần đẩu tiên của một câu.

Cô ấy cảm thấy không khỏe nhưng cô ấy vẫn đi làm.

Anh ấy đã ra khỏi nhà sớm một tiếng đồng hồ nhưng anh ấy vẫn trễ chuyến tàu.

0 Match 1- 8 with a - i. - Hãy nối cải câu từ 1 đến 8 với các câu từ a đến L

► He says nice things about you. a he got to work on time in the morning.

1 He got the job in spite of.

2 1saw the film last night...

b he wasn’t feeling very well,

c although the main course was nice.

3 He went out despite the fact that..... d though the weather wasn’t very good.

4 The soup was disgusting,.

5 We had a nice day even...

6 He felt really cold despite.

e his lack of experience,

f the fact that the heating was on,

g However, you can’t trust him.“



LANGUAGE 355

7 He went to bed very late. All the same,... h I'd rather have a car.

8 The bike’s useful. Nevertheless,.... i I didn’t think much of it, though.

©Complete the sentences with one word. Sometimes more

than one answer is possible - Hoàn thành câu với một từ. Đôi khi có thể có hơn một câu trả lời.

► We had quite a nice day there. ?4CC...the same, I wouldn’t go backagain.

1 1could just see the house ........ the fog.

2 Jun has very lidle money. In spite of ........ , he’s really generous.

3 You’ll find it hard to get work there .........., it’s worth trying.

4 I wanted to see the exhibition. When Ịgot there, it was closed, ..........

5 There was more snow today,........ 1think it's warmer this evening,

6 In of leaving two hours early, we ........missed the plane.

7 ! didn’t feel sleepy ........ though it was very late.

8 ..... ...the fact that we thought we knew the way, we got lost twice.

c Other link words - Các từ nố i khácWord or phase Example Meaning/usage

wh e r e as I enjoy tennis, whereas

my father prefers rugby.

used for comparing two people,

things, etc. and say ing the re isa difference between them.

on the one hand . . .on the other

(hand)

On the one hand, it’slovely here in summer, but

on the other, the winter isterrible.

used for showing opposite poin ts of view.

otherwise SYN or (else)

Put your cake on the table,otherwise the dog will eat it.

used to say that if sth doesn’thappen or isn’t true, sth else willhappen, sometimes sth bad.

provided (that) SYN, as lo n g as

I’ll go provided you comewith me.

only if.

unless I’ll accept the job at theBBC unless theyoffer me a job at Sky.

used to say th at sth will happenor be true if sth else does not happen or is not true.




in case Take a map in case you because sth might happen ,need it.

so (that) He got there early so that used to talk about the he couldspeak to her before the lesson, purpose of an action.

purpose

A purpose is a reason for doing something, or a thing that someonewants to achieve.

What's the purpose o f your trip?

The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the figures.

Mục đích là Ịý do làm việc gỉ đó, hoặc điều mà ai đố muốn đạt được.

Mục đích của chuyến đi của bạn là gì?

Mục đích của buổi họp này là nhằm thảo luận về cấc số liệu.

Is the meaning of the sentences the same or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa của các câu dưởi đây là giống nhau hay khác nhau. Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► He speaks German, whereas I do n’t. 1i don ’t speak German, but hedoes. .....

1 If you leave it here, someone will steal it. i Don’t leave it here, or someone will steal it...........

2 Ỉw on’t go to the party if Ch ica’s going. I I won’t go to the partyunless Chica’s going ...........

3 I took some money so that I could pay. 11 took some money in caseI had to pay .

4 She'll get there provided she leaves now. 1She’ll get there as longas she leaves now ............

5 Ỉalways pu t sugar in, otherwise it’s not sweet. 11 always put sugar inunless it’s sweet.........

6 What was the pu rpose of his leder? I What was his reason for writingthe leder? ..........



LANGUAGE 357

©Complete the sentences with words from the box - Hoànthành câu vởi các từ đã cho trong khung.

whereas on the one hand so that otherwise in case unless s as long as

4 She won’t use a t o w e l . . ' i t ’s just been washed.

1 The children can go out ........... they don’t cross the main road.

2 You should get there early ...........you get a good seat.

3 ...........flying can save time, but on the other, it’s not good for theenvironment.

4 Tea ch ers’ salaries have gone up ...........nurses’ salaries have fallen.5 Take some chocolate with you ...........you’re hungry on the journey.

6 Plug it in,........... it won’t work.

q M Test yourself. Look at the words in the first column and cover the examples and meanings. What are the meanings? Hãy nhìn các từ ở cột đầu tiên và che nghĩa

và các ví dụ. Nghĩa của chúng là gì?




69 1can use a range of adjectives

Tôi có thể dùng hàng loạ t các tính từA Describing places - Mô tả về nơ i chố n ó »

remote xa xôi far away from where many p e o p le live.

rural thuộc nông thôn connected with the country, not the town. COPFurban.

curious kỷ lạ unusual or strange.

old-fashioned kiểu cũ typical of the past but not of the present. COPPmodern.

vital rất cần thiết necessary and important . SAND essential,

grand lớn hoặc quãn trọng impressive and large or important,

simple đơn giản including the things you need but no extra things.

SYN basic.

N ằ ĩìi ẩ n m ình trong Vủ ng xa xôi củ a nư c Phá p là ngôi làng La Toque.

Đó là m ộ t nơ i rấ t kỳ lạ và đư ợ c xây d ự ng theo k iể u củ , Ch ỉ có duy nh ấ t

m ộ t k há ch sạ n , đ iề u h ế t sứ c quan trọ n g là bạ n p h ả i đặ t p h òn g trư c,n hư n g đ ừ n g mong đợ i đ iề u gì lở n lao. Phòng ở và th ứ c ăn r ấ t là đ ơ n g iả n , như ng g iá cả th ì lạ i hợ p lý và tôi rất cỏ ấn tượng với chất lượng n ói c hu ng . N h ữ n g ngư ờ i d â n đ ịa

ph ư ơ ng v ẫ n còn hơ i ngh i ngờ về n h ữ n g ngư ờ i k há ch du ỉịch nh ư n g tôi nhậ n ra họ rấ t lịch sự . Tuy nhiên,bạ n sẽ có th ể k hô n g gặ p dư ợ c nh iề u ngư ờ i bở i vì đư ờ ng p h ổ thư ờ ng trở nên v ắ ng tanh vào lúc khoả ng 10 giờ đ èm !



LANGUAGE 359

reasonable hợp ỉỷ, phải chăng If prices are reasonable, they are not toohigh. SYMC fair.OPP unreasonable.

impressed with sth/sb có ấn tượng tốt với thứ gỉ/ ai đó feeling that sth/sb isgood or of a high standard.

overall nói Chung general; considering everything.

suspicious nghi ngờ vê ai/ thứ gỉ feeling that sth/sb is dishonest and cannot be trusted, of sth /sb

polite lịch sự behaving in a good or correc t way. OPP rude.

deserted vắng người empty because everyone has left. OPPS busy,crowded.

o Find seven more pairs of synonyms or opposites in the box- Hãy tìm thêm bảy cặp từ đồng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa đã cho trong khung.

simple*^ modern curious fair polite essential busy old-fashioned

rural basic s urban rude deserted vital strange reasonable

► SYN.fcp.iif...................... / SYN ............................../ Opf>.......................... /SYN.............................../ OPP............................../ OFP............

............ /SYN ............................../OPP...............

© Is the meaning the same or different? Write s or D - Nghĩa của các câu dưới đây là cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc D

► It’s a rural area. 1It’s an urban area.3D.......

1 No one was there. I It was deser ted................

2 It’s expensive. I The price is reasonable..............

3 She's good. I I’m impressed with her ..............

4 It’s essential. Í It isn't vital................

5 It wasn’t grand. I It was quite basic ................

6 I’m suspicious of him. ỉI don’t trust him ....... ........

7 It was fair. I It was unreasonable................




© Complete the words in the sentences - Trong các câu, hãy hoàn thành từ .

4 It ge ts very busy, so it’s v.itft?....... to arrive early.

1 The others found hirn normal, but 1thought he was a c ...............man.

2 It’s a long way from town, so it’s quite a r..............place.

3 1was s............... of the man when he refused to give his name.

4 I like the restaurant, and what’s more, the prices are r...............

5 I was very i............... with the hotel: it’s clean, comfortable, andvery friendly.

6 There were one or two things Ỉdidn’t like, but the o .............. standardwas good.

•Test yourself. Cover the glossary meanings and look at the words. Say the words and their synonyms and opposites. Hãy che nghĩa glossary và nhìn vào từ. Cho biết từ đó và từ đồng nghĩa và từ trái nghĩa.

B Describing feelings - Bày tỏ cả m xúc

A d j e c t i v e s E x a m p l e ( s ) M e a n i n g

terrifying/

terrified

I t w a s a terrifying f i l m .

I was terrified watching

that film.

very frightening,

v e r y f r i g h t e n e d .

d i s a p p o i n t e d /

disappoint ing

I w a s disappointed w i t h

m y r e s u l t s .

My results were disappointing.

feeling unhappy because sth is not

a s g o o d a s y o u h o p e d .

a m a z i n g /

a m a z e d

Some of the dancers were

a m a z i n g .

surprising and difficult to believe,

o f t e n i n a p o s i t i v e w a y .

shocking/

s h o c k e d

I t w a s s h o c k i n g t o s e e s o

many people with nowhere

to live.

upsetting and very surprising in a

n e g a t i v e w a y .

a l a r m i n g /

a l a r m e d

When the police arrived, it

was a bi t a larming.

f r i g h t e n i n g o r c a u s i n g w o r ry .



LANGUAGE * 36Í

disgust ing/

disgusted

Last night’s meal was

disgusting.

very unpleasant.

amusing/

amused

We all thought the film was

quite amusing.

funny in a gentle way.

embarrassed/

embarrassing

I was embarrassed when

I got his name wrong.

feeling uncomfortable because of

sth silly you have done.

astonishing/

astonished

It’s astonishing how much

she has changedin the lastfive years.

very surprising.

satisfying/ satisfied COPP

dissatisfied

Cooking for others is verysatisfying.

making you feel pleased or happy.

ed/-ing endings

We use adjectives that end with -ed to describe our feelings. We use adjectivesthat end with -ing to describe the person or thing that makes us have thesefeelings.

We were shocked by his behaviour.His behaviour was shocking.

Chủng ta dùng các tính từ tận cùng bằng -ed để bày tỏ cảm xúc . Chủng ta dùng các tỉnh từ tận cùng bằng - ing để mô tả người hoặc vật mà làm cho chúng ta có những

cảm xúc này.

Chúng tôi đã bị sốc bởi hành vi của anh ta.

Hành vi của anh ỉa thật đẩng kinh ngạc.

© Circle the correct answer - Hãy khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► The beaches were really (amazingji amazed.

1 I was shoc kin g/sho cked when 1saw it.

2 He was satisfying/satisfied with the course.

3 The hotel didn’t have a restaurant, which wa rather disappointing/

disappointed.4 It was a terrifying/terrified experience.

5 The smell was disgusting/disgusted.

6 Jo se felt a bit embarrassin g/ernb arrasse d.

spotlight




© Complete the dialogues with adjectives from the table - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại với các tính từ ở bảng.

► Were you frightened? - Yes, absolutely.1teAẠỉịted.. .

1 Was the film funny? ~ Yes, it was qui te................

2 You wore jeans to a smart party! ~ Yes, it was a bit .................

3 He steals money from old people. ~ 1know. It’s absolutely ............

4 Was he pleased with his marks? - Mo, he was .........with them.

5 Was the wine unpleasant? ~ Yes, it was absolutely ..............

6 Were you surprised? ~ Yes, absolutely ..........

7 Were you very frightened? - Yes, it was a bit.....................

8 Were you happy with the work? ~ No, 1wasn’t ...............with it.

a M Test yourself. Look at the words in the first column and ™ cover the examples and meanings. Can you remember

the meanings? Hãy nhìn vào từ ở cột đầu tiên và chenghĩa và các ví c/ . Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của chúngkhông?

c Describing qualities - Mô tả chấ t lư ợ ng ó~èPeople have mixed feelings about4the new city hotel. Here are somecomments.

Người ta có cảm nghĩ tích cực và tiêu cực về khách sạn mới trong thành phố. Sau đây

là một số lời nhận xét.

ĩ Phòng c ủ a khách s ạ n thì khá t ố t nì tư ng tôi không th ích nh ữ ng lo ạ i hoa nhân tạ o.

2 Tói th ích k iể u th iế t k ể h iệ n đ ạ i nà y đơ n g iả n nh ư n g rấ t h iệ u q uả .

3 Giư ờ ng c ủ a khách s ạ n th ì hơ i c ứ ng đ ố i v i tôi.

4 H ầ u h ế t n h â n viê n ở k há ch sạ n đ ề u là m việ c b án th ờ i g ia n n hư n g d ư ờ ng n h ư họ làm việ c r ấ t hiệ u q u ả .

5 Tôi đã có thê dẫ n theo chủ chó củ a tôi. M ộ t khách sạ n m à cho phép điề u này thì quả thậ t là quá hiế m .

ổ Tôi đã vui m ừ ng vì chúng tô i đư ợ c ở m ộ t trong nh ữ ng căn phòng tố t nh ấ t củ a k há ch s ạ n . M ộ t số phòng ở đây trông hơ i nhỏ .

7 Họ đã đ ặ t rư ợ u sâm banh vào phòng củ a chúng tô i, điề u này th ậ t lả dáng ngạ c nhiên.



LANGUAGE 363

The rooms were adequate but Ididn't like the artificial flowers.

v ' The bed was3 \ a bit firm for

my liking.

I like thecontemporarydesign - simple

but effective.

rrw

Most of the staff weretemporary but theyseemed very efficient.

1was glad we hadone of their bestrooms. Some looked

a bit cramped.

I was able to take mydog. It's rare for ahotel to allow them.

\

//.

They put champagnein our room, which wasvery unexpected.

Glossary ỳỆẠỵỆỆàs:.

mixed feelings cảm nghĩ pha trộn both positive (+) and negative (—) feelings

about sth.

adequate khá tốt just good enough but noth ing more. OPP inadequate.

artificial n h ẫ n t ạ o made by people and used instead of sth natura l .

OPPS real, natural.

contemporary mang tính hiện đại of the present time. SAN modern. EPPold-fashioned.

effective hiệu quả successful and giving the result you want. EPPineffective.

firm râỉ cứng quite hard. EPP soft.temporary mang tỉnh tạm thời employed or con t inu ing for only a limited

per iod of time. EPP permanent.

efficient làm việc hiệu quả working well, quickly, and without mistakes .EPP inefficient.




rare hiếm thấy not done, seen, or happening very often. EFF common.

glad vui mừng pleased; quite happy. SAN pleased.

cramped nhỏ small, and not having enough space.OPP spacious.

unexpected không như mong đợi If sth is unexpected, it surprises you because you didn’t know it was going to happen. OPP expected.

©Replace the underlined adjective with a word that means the opposite - Hãy thay thế tính từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ trái nghĩa với nó.

► 1 had positive f e e l i n g s . 5 Is that real snow?..........

1 The food was ade qu ate .............. 6 it’s a rare disease................2 We had a firm madress ............ 7 It was an effective m ethod .......

3 The service was efficient. ...........................8 The visit was expected. ..........

4 My room was c ra m p e d ........... 9 It’s a tem porary arrangement. ...

©Complete the sentences with suitable adjectives - Hoàn

thành càu vởi tính từ phù hợp.► You couldn’t move round in the bathroom; it was very.wftwpefL .

1 1have ...............feelings about working abroad: I’d like to, but Fdmiss my family.

2 It’s a fantastic climate here. It's very...............to have bad weather in the summer.

3 I’m ...............your mother is feeling beder now. She was quite ill lastweek.

4 She wears very old-....................................clothes.

5 My sister’s having a baby. It was completely.. ............ but we’re allvery happy.

6 This machine does the work of ten men; it’s very ................

7 Ỉthink his work is..................................., but it could be beder.

8 A lot of people don’t like..............art because they don’t understand it.

9 Sometimes Ava is very positive, but she can also be quite .................

10 She’s only a .................member of staff. I think she’s leaving next week.



LANGUAGE 365

Test yourself. Look at the glossary words and cover the meanings. What are the meanings? Can you remember the synonyms and opposites? Hãy nhìn vào từỞglossary và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của từ là gì? Bạn có thể nhớ các từ đổng nghĩa hay phản nghĩa không?



366 REVIEW: LANGUAGK

701 can express place and time’ I ' -s ■ I I I #A I 7 J ề J # / ? ___ ị i f ^ j* ____ • ____

7Ồ Í CÓ the dỉên tá địa đỉêm và thờ ỉ qỉanA Place - Địa điể m oi

TÌM THÁY BẢN Đố BỊ CHE GIẤU

H ãy đi bộ men tỉ ICO con đư ờ ng chính, cho dêĩ i khi bạ n đ ế n đư ợ c bờ r ìa củ a ngôi làng này.

Sau đó ỉiùy đi qua chiế c cầ u, rồ i rẽ trá i. Có mộ t con đ ư ờ ng làng nhỏ dan bạ n đi qua mộ t n ôn g tr ạ i, rà chỉ xa ỉiơ n ngôi n hả ở n ôn g trạ i m ộ t t í là có mộ t ngôi nhà t ranh . H ãy đì vòng qua phía sau cứ a nhà tranh và b ạ n sẽ g ặ p m ộ t dòng su ố i nhỏ . H ãy lộ ỉ qua s u ố i- nó

chỉ sâu 10 ccntim ct- và bư c lên bờ sông ở ph ía bẽ n k ia. B ạ n sẽ tấ y m ộ t sô bụ i rậ m ở bên cạ nh dòng su ố i. Có mộ t bứ c tư ợ ng nằ m giữ a các bụ i cỏ cao,và bẽ 11 dư i bứ c tư ợ ng n ày có m ộ t bả n đồ . Nó đư ợ c giấ u p hía dư i m ộ t đ ố n g lá câ y.

Glossary-

towards hùổng về in the direction of (also toward).edge bờ rìa the place where nth, egg. a table, a cliff, or a town, e n d s .

beyond xa hơn past a place and further away.

rearphía sau

the back of nth, especially a car or a building. OPP front,face sth đối mặt ỉhứ gì look towards nth. OPP have your back to sth.onto hưởng lên trên moving to or on a particular place or position,

beside bên cạnh next to. SYN by.

among ở giữa surrounded by things (also amongst).



LANGUAGE 367

underneath bên dưới under (when sth is hidden or covered), beneath bển dưới FML under.

s p o t l i g h t over

Over has different meanings:1 up and across to the other side of something.Go over the bridge.

2 used to express location at a distance from thespeaker.Sit over there.3 all over: in all or most parts of sth.His clothes were all over the floor.

Over có nhiều nghĩa khác nhau:

1 Hướng lên trên và băng qua phía bên kia của thứ gì đó.

Hãy bang qua chiếc cầu này.

2 Được dùng để diễn tả vị trí nằm trong một khoảng cách nào đố tính từ phía người nói.

Hãy ngồi ờ đẳng kia.

3 all over ở ỉất cả hoặc ở hầu hêĩ các phần của noi nào đó.

Quần áo của anh ta nằm vung vãi khắp sàn nhà.

o Match the pictures with the words below - Hãy nối các bức hình với các từ bên dưới.

2 G o°°9-\° ^

% Q o- >° '■>o

ín? o o

► towards 5 over the rear beside beneath onto the edge among

Ỡ Complete the sentences with words from the glossary - Hoàn thành câu với từ đã cho ở glossary.

► The front seats are great, but there isn’t much room for your legs inthe.xeAx .......

1 The glass fell............. the floor and smashed.

2 I could see a few of my friends...............the crowd.

3 Don’t sit there. Come and sit .............................me.




4 I’m not surprised I couldn’t find my pen; it was..............all those books.

5 We didn’t stay in one town - we went all............. the place.

6 Ỉcouldn’t see what was happening because I had my..............to thew i n d o w .

7 Don’t stand so close to the ............. of the road - it’s dangerous.

8 There’s a village in the valley, and ............. it, you can see the mountains in the distance.

B Time - Thờ i gian QÌ

Ue*'ẩ aìrcadiị ọ [aiịe*d 85 W/IW+6S and iứ e, lứ ere. losing. Bob suắ ẩ eMẤ íị sho£i-fecf, ‘Coiue cm, +kẽ re are, S+/II -Gve. mma+Ể .s +o £ỊP - /+*s nof ơ ỉ t r tịeA r'

Tke children were MõlciK <Wúuj tke Kị^kt (nj a tũ ucL baiuỊ . ít vo as ịõLtõĩAìed by keaytj

rain vokíck ta sted throughout tke h,ý(it,

SAÍẨ k&‘ À Ấ>6ỉìalẨ , *6 ikb&e’ ik ís rtjie -tn vvtt. ĩh. tk& ỉ to vk

ZẢ Aa.btfui skv^Lng. a ÍÍ h-vt-h-íhý ÙDdhi aỷ oy Á oÙ lù j Ắ tess Ah-Á ờ VtHÒuilUỊ

JviXh-Á s sk-&UẨ &Á.

I usecẰ +o p(ay Oi b\Ỷ , buđ" "H\ese cẲữ^s X j^usỶ uoatcW -football or\ TV. I t o a ^aiA e nouj curtdl

uj'rtirx tALị sor\. RdÊcerrHy u j£ SC\UJ A rsen al p ia1 Spurs.



LANGUAGE 369

Glossary

already đã... rồi before now or before a particular point in time.

to go đì If there are five minutes to go, then five minutes remain before

sth will happen.over kết thúc finished.

not. . . yet chu'a used for talking about sth that has not happened, but will probably happen in the future.

during trong SUÔỈ at some point in the period of time mentioned.

last kéo dài continue for a period of time.

throughout xuyên suốt from the beginning to the end of sth.

in the meantime trong lúc đó during the time between two events. SYNmeanwhile.

eventually rốt cuộc after a long period of time (often after some difficulty),these days ngày nay in the present time. SYN nowadays.

now and again thỉnh thoảng SYNS occasionally, from time to time.

recently mới đây not long ago. recent ADJ.

© Replace the underlined phrases with a single word that has the same meaning - Thay thế cụm từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ có cùng nghĩa.

► I saw Petra not long ago ..Ai>cfe»aậfr ......

1 Do you see your uncle much these days? .................

2 The play continued for about two hours ............. .

3 1go to the theatre from time to tim e .................

4 The train wasn’t due for two hours, in the meantime we went for lunch..................

5 He slept from the beginning to the end of the film....................

6 We waited at the hotel and after a long period of time Danny

arrived..................




©Complete the dialogues - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại.

► The y w ant us to m ee t them later this afternoo n. ~ Well, in th e .....................

let’s go to the market.

1 He’s writing a book, but it’s not finished.................. -Yes I know, heshowed it to me It looked very interesting.

2 Is ‘Love in Amsterdam’ his most ..............film? ~ Yes, it came outthe summer. Ịthink he’s working on another film now.

3 Is the match .................. yet? ~ No, there are still ten minutesto ...................

4 How long does the film.................? ~ About two hours, but Candydoesn’t want to go. She’s .................seen it.

5 I used to go to Rome ................for work, just a couple of times ayear. ~ Oh, really? I lived there................the 1990s - 1loved it.

0 M Test yourself. Look at the glossary meanings and cover ^ the words. What are the words? Hãy nhìn vào nghĩa của

từ ở glossary và che từ lại. Từ đó là từ gì?



LANGUAGE 371

71 I can use prepositions in phrases Tôi có thể dùng gi i từ trong cum từ

A Preposition + word(s) - Gi i từ + từPhrase Example Meaningby chance We met in the shop by chance. without it/sth being planned.

on board Are all the passengers on

board?

on a plane or ship or bus.

on purpose She broke my watch, but she with a definite intention;on purpose. didn’t do it not accidentally.

SYN deliberately.

at least It takes at least an hour to not less than, and probably more.get home. at the beginning.

at first I didn’t understand him at first.

in a hurry He got up late and left in quickly, and usually because you ahurry. haven’t enough time. SYN in a rush

.in advanc e Can I buy tickets in advance? before a particula r time or even t.

in charge of Who’s in charge of the office in a position of control over sth/sbsth/sb. while Matt’s on holiday? SYN responsible for sth/sb.

in g en er al In gen era l, I don’t work onSaturdays.

usually; irrmost cases, syn generally.

in public I don’t like it when people when other people are present.argue with each other in public. OPP in private.

in the end and at the end

In the end can mean 'finally', 'after a period of time' or 'in conclusion7.

All the restaurants closed early, so in the end we went home.

At the end can mean 'in the final part', or 'when sth finishes'

At the end of the film, they go to live in New York.

In the anơ có thể mang nghĩa ‘cuối cùng’, ‘sau một khoảng thời gian’, hoặc ‘tóm lại'.

Tất cả các nhà hàng đều đóng cửa sớm, vì vậy cuối cùng thì chúng tôi đã về nhà.

At the end có thể mang nghĩa ‘ở phần cuối cùng’, hoặc ‘khi việc gỉ kết thúc’,

ơ đoạn cuối của phim, họ đến sống ở New York.

s p o t l i g h t




o Make eight more phrases using in, at, by, or on, and one of the words from the box - Hảy thành lập thêm tám cụm từ bằng việc dùng in, at, by, hoặc on, tó /77Ộ Í fử đã cho trong khung.

general purpose advance ^least private public

first board chance

► %»\ ôc(ựft»ỊC6

©Replace the underlined words with a prepositional phrase that has the same meaning - Thay thế các từ gạch dưới bằng một cụm giới từ mà có cùng nghĩa.

► We’ll need not less than two hours to get there.

1 Generally , he’s very helpful.....................

2 I think he took my dictionary deliberately. ..................

3 All the passengers are on the plane. ..................

4 In the final part of the story, the old woman dies .....................

5 Who’s responsible for these noisy children? ..................

6 i had to have breakfast quickly.....................

© Complete the sentences with the correct preposition - Hoàn thành câu vớỉ giới từ đúng.

► He made the comment ..Á*..... private, but the journalist still reported it.

1 All the buses were full, so ...........the end we took a taxi.

2 If you want to get seats on the train, you’ll have to book .......... advance.

3 ..........first I didn’t like the book, but actually it got better.

4 I found the shoes 1wanted..........chance.

5 Like many actors, he doesn’t like talking about his private life........... public.



LANGUAGE 373

B Word(s) + preposition - Từ + gi i từ ^Ph rase Example Meaningaccess to sth

make the m ost of

sth

capable of (doing) sth

involved in sth

approve o f sb/sth

get rid o f sth/sb

care about sth/sb

take care of sb/sth

insist on (doing) sth

cope with sth/sb

Do you have access to the

internet?If he lets you use the gym,

yo u m u st make the most of i t .

She’s capable of pasking the examif she works hard.

H e 's b e c om e v e r y involved i n l o c a l p o l i ti c s .

M y m o t h e r d o e s n ’t approve o f men who smoke.

We got r i d of o u r o ld so fa .

They got rid of two workers.

She cares about people.He d o esn ’t ca re ab o u t m o n e y .

After their mother died, theytook care o f t h e i r f a t h e r .

He insisted on paying for dinner.

the chance to use or have sth.

ru have more work next year, but I think I can cope with it.

make the best use of sth

that will help you. SYN takeadvan tage of sth.

having the ability or qualitiesto do sth.

connected with sth or takingan active part in it.

think that sb/sth is good or ofsui table. OPP disapprove ofsb/sth.

throw sth away, or makeyourself free of sth/sb youdon’t want.

be in te re ste d in sb/s th andthink it or they are important.

help and protect sb/sth. SYN lookafter sb/sth.

say strongly that you musthave or do sth, or that someone

else must.

take action successfully witha difficult situation.SYN manage.

depend on sb /sthspotlight1 be able to trust someone or something. SYN rely on sb/sth. You can never depend on the trains in this country.

2 be decided or influenced by someone or something.

We may go out — it depends on the weather.

1 CÓ the tin tưởng ai hoặc điều gỉ.

Bạn có thể sẽ không bao giờ tin cậy những chuyến tàu ở đất nước này.

2 Được quyết định hoặc bị ảnh hường bởi ai hoặc điều gỉ.

Chúng tôi có thể đi ra ngoài- điều ơó phụ thuộc vào tình hình thời ỉiêí




o Complete the sentences with the correct preposition - Hoàn thành câu với giới từ đúng.

► We can look children.

1 She approves............... my new boyfrierd

2 Is he still involved............. the company?

3 They can’t cope ............. all this work.

4 He insisted............. doing the cooking.

5 Don’t get rid ............. that lovely dress.

6 Can you d e p e n d ................................................................him?

7 Mark is capable ............................................. doing very well.

8 I don’t have access ............ email.

9 We must take advantage ............. the weather.

©Complete the word in each sentence - Trong mỗi câu, hãy hoàn thành từ:

► Does she really CAW........ about Conrad?

1 How do you c ............... with three children and a full-time job?

2 1had to get r............... of all my old records.

3 We’re taking c ..............of the house while they’re away.

4 It’s your only chance to speak English, so make the m ...............of it.

5 Do you want me to I............... after the dog when you go shopping?

6 I want to go out, but it d............. on the amount of homework weshaveto do.

7 He wants us to get i................in making arrangements for the confer

ence.

8 Lucy’s friends strongly d ........... ...of her decision to marry Jack.



LANGUAGE 375

72 I can use prefixesTen có thể dùng các tiề n tốA Negative prefixes

Các tiề n tố mang nghĩa phủ địnhA d j e c t i v e / o p p E x a m p l e M e a n i n g O t h e r w o r d s

i n s e c u r e S h e ’ s v e r y i n s e c u r e a b o u t not conf iden t about yoursel f . i n f o r m a l

O P P s e c u r e h e r a p p e a r a n c e . in f lex ib le

i m m o r a l She s to le money f rom my thought to be wrong or im p o ss ib l e

O P P m o r a l c h il d re n . T h a t ’s i m m o r a l . d i sh o n es t b y m o s t p eo p le . i m p a t i e n t

i l l e g i b l e My doctor’s writ ing is very difficult or impossible i l legal

O P P l e g ib l e i l l e g ib l e . to read.

i r r e l e v a n t I n ee d s o m e n e w s ho e s. T h e n ot i m p o rt an t to w h a t you a re i rr e g u l a r

E P P r e l e v a n t co lo ur’s i r r e le v a n t. d isc u ssin g or doing. i r r e s p o n s i b l e

u n f a i r His office is bigger than n o t t r ea t in g each p er so n in u n p l e a s a n t

O P P f a i r m in e .I t’s so u n f a ir ! th e sam e way or equally . unsuccessfu l

u n a c c e p t a b l e The player hit the ref. That’s so b ad th a t you th in k it should u n c e r t a in

OPP a c c e p ta b le u n a c c e p t a b l e . n o t be allow ed. u n k in d

d is lo y a l T h ey w ere v ery d is lo y a l to n o t su p p o r tin g you r f r ien d s , d ish o n e s t

O P P l o y a l th e f am i ly , fam ily , co u ntry , etc . disorganized

n o n - a l c o h o l i c Is this drink non-alcoholic? Juice is non -alcoho lic, beer and non -sm ok ing

O P P a lc o h o l ic w i n e a r e a l c o h o l i c . non-fict ion

Prefixes

A prefix is a letter or group of letters that you put at the beginning of a word tochange its meaning. The prefixes in the table above have the meaning 'not' e.g.insecure = not secure, illegible - not legible.

Một tiền tô'là một mẫu tự hoặc một nhóm các mẫu tự mà bạn đặt ở đầu một từ để làm

thay đổi nghĩa của ỉừ đó. Cấc tiền tố được cho ở bảng phía trên cố nghĩa ‘không’. Ví dụ: insecure = not secure, illegible = not legible.




Cover the table. Write prefixes that add the meaning ‘not’^ ™ to the adjectives - Hãy che bảng. Hãy viết tiền tố mà

thêm nghĩa “not” vào tính từ.

► ..femoral3 .................... legal 6 .......... formal9.

regular

1 ......kind 4 ......responsible 7 ......smoking 10...... honest

2 ..... alcoholic 5 ...................... certain 8 .......... secure11.relevant

© Complete the dialogues with one word from the table - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại vởi một từ đã cho trong bảng.

► Did your company find a new manager? - No, we were

1 Is stealing from the rich the right thing to do? - No, it’s..............

2 Has it got alcohol in it? - No, it’s .............

3 Is your age important for this kind of work? - No, it’s..............

4 Is she confident with other people? - No, she’s quite ..............

5 Men and women don’t earn the same in this job, do they? - No, andth at’s ..............

6 He didn’t support his country, did he? - No, he w a s ..............

©Complete the questions, then write your own answers, or ask another student. Hoàn thành câu hỏi, rồi tự mình viết câu trả lời, hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

1 PN , , , - M ( ' ^ ABOCIT YOCI1 Do you think life is generally fair or ...............? ..... .7.........

2 Is teenagers’ behaviour nowadays acceptable or.............? ..................

3 Are your friends generally loyal or .............? ..................

4 Is your handwriting legible or .............? ..................

5 Do you think it should be legal or .............to drive at 17?..................



LANGUAGE 377

B Reversing an action ^ Đả o ngư ợ c mộ t hành độ ng

( l o ynnr jiK'Uc’i u p

s\ \ ( u s t c t i vout' iackclO H’ I i u r i o u n l ' i i s U * n

til* ynnr shool iK í1(l ip i p.i rk vutir Miik (IM’SY\ f a s t e n HIT unpack OIT 1111í it* unl.isU n

OIM’un lo a d

pli iịỉ I lít' 1K' in<>ÌT unp lug

IVrap I111* p iirw l Ilip Iimw i iip

lot'k I111' I’liphtiiird01-1' unlmU

gel dressedon- g d i m i l i v s s r d

0 Circle two correct words in each sentence - Trong mỗi câu, hãy khoanh tròn hai từ đúng.

► You can wrap a)(ã parcệỊ)b) ệ presence) water.

1 You can unload a) a s ip b) a saucepan c) a lorry.

2 You can pack a) your luggage b) a suitcase c) a handbag.

3 You can unplug a) a room b) a printer c) a washing machine.

4 You can untie a) a dog b) a boat c) a newspaper.

5 You can do up a) a pair of trousers b) a hat c) a seat belt.

6 You can unlock a) a suitcase b) a car c) a bodle.

© Complete the table using a synonym of the verb on the left,

then write the opposite. Hoàn thành bảng bằng việc dùng động từ đồng nghĩa ở bèn trái, rồi viết động từ phản nghĩa.




Sentence Synonym Opposite

► Take the bags out of the car.

1Take the paper off the present.2 Shut the suitcase with a key.

3 Put your clothes on.

4 Put your things in your suitcase.

5 Fasten the budons on your shirt.

6 Fasten your shoelaces.

0 ^ Test yourself. Look at the pictures and cover the words. ™ Say the words and opposites - Hãy nhìn vào các hình

ảnh và che từ lại. Hãy nêu từ - và từ trái nghĩa.



LANGUAGE 379

73 I can use suffixes Tôi có thề dùng các hậ u tôA Noun suffixes - Hậ u tố củ a danh từ

Suffix Verb Noun Verb Noun

+ merit judge judgem ent measure m e a s u r e m e n t

+ ion / scion react reaction extend extens ion

ation / ition in te rp r et in te rp re ta tio n define d efin ition

+ance

/ence

disappear disappearance preferpre f erence

Suffix A d j e c t i v e Noun Adjective Noun

+ ty / ity cruel cruelty real rea lity

+ ness gen tle gen tlen ess kind kindness

Glossary

judgem ent sự đánh giá an opinion you form after thinking carefully about

sth (in a court of law, the judgement is the judge’s official decision).measurement(s)sí/đữ lường the height, weight, etc. of sth.

reaction sự phản ung sth that you do or say as a result of sth that hashappened.

extension sự kéo dài a part that is added to sth to make it bigger orlonger.

interpretation sự diễn giải an understanding or explanation of the meaningof sth.

definition định nghĩa an exact statement of what a word or phrase means.

disappearance sự biến mat a situation in which sb or sth becom es impossibleto see or find.

preference sự ưu tiên an interest in or liking of one thing more than another .

cruelty hành động tàn ác behaviour that deliberately causes a person or

animal to suffer.reality hiện thực the way life really is.

gentleness tính hòa nhã kind and calm behaviour towards other people.

kindness sự tử tế behaviour that shows you care about others and wantto help them.




o Circle the nouns - Khoanh tròn danh từ

d i s a p p e a r(d e f i n i t i o n)g e n t l e n e s s r e a c t p r e f e r k i n d n e s sd i s a p p e a r a n c e e x t e n s i o n c r u e l r e a l i t y d e f i n e

p r e f e r e n c e i n t e r p r e t m e a s u r e j u d g e m e n t e x t e n d

Ỡ Look at the verbs and adjectives, which you did not circle, In Exercise 1. Write them below with the correct noun form.- Hãy nhìn vào tính từ và động từ, mà bạn không khoanh tròn ở Exercise 7. Hãy viết bên dưới chúng với một dạng danh từ đúng.

► ẹluaỊỌjọe<Ị>t cỊị4ỌỊỌjọẹftẠẠ»*ce ...............................

1

2

3 ....................................................................................................................4 ....................................................................................................................5 ....................... ............................................................................................6 ...................................................................................

7.

.............................

© Complete the sentences using a word from the table above- Hoàn thành câu bằng việc dùng từ đã cho ở trong bảng bên trên.

► She cooked for me when I was ill; Ỉreally appreciated her

1 Could I have the .................. of the room so that I can order the new

carpet?2 1get very upset when 1hear about .................. towards animals.

3 He lives in a dream world and doesn’t want to face the ..................of the situation.

4 The police are investigating the .................. of the young man, whowas last seen in 2007.

5 I told the boss Ỉwas leaving; her....................was very surprising. Shelaughed!

6 She chose the wrong person for the job. That’s just poor ..................

7 I like most types of novel, but my ....................is for crime stories andmurder mysteries.

8 We’re planning a new..................for the old building; it’ll be twice the size.



LANGUAGE 381

B Adjectivc suffixes ^Các hậ u t ố củ a tính từ

Suff ix Examples M e a n i n g

pow er les s nol ablf lu inilui'iH'c or control

people or things, on* po wer ful .

- k*ss Feel powerless in your job? Want to beị I powerluP Buy our POWERGUY video!

•p ro o l The world’s only waterproof andshockproof digital camera. Great forunderwater photography!

w a te r p r o o f n ol i i ll uwiHi* Wi ilo r t» H:n tc r .

shockproof'niiidi: so llwit it isn’l I'ii.sil)'diliiKigal ifil is hit or dropped.

p r ; i c l i c i i l u sef u l ii nt l su iU ibkv

economical using money. &o (k 1s , L‘U\ Ciireiuilyiiiul without Wiislini* any.h o p i c . l l t i d i n u r i ll I l ie h o t t r s l p i i r ls o t ’l h e w o r l d .

I I Fabulous UisMonable shoes ~ and they're machine wustiuMe too!

h i s h i o n n h U * p o p u l a r nl l l i f m o u i c a i .

U i i s h i i h l e J ih lc to b e W i i s h ri l .

Ci' t our T-shirts wỉlh ridiculousnr luimoruus slogans ridirulmis very silly,humorous iunuy: iimusing.

ry OUI sjtii'y curry or fish witli ,1 iTfiimv StUK’i;S pi cy w i l l ) ii . s l runịỉ. hu t l l i i vnur .

i T C i i i n v o i i i l i ii n i i i ” a v a i l 1. u r s m o o l l i a v i u n .

t l l l n l l l l M Adjectives ending in -/iy/and -/ess

There are several pairs of opposites ending in -ful and "less:

He's a careful student = He doesn't make mistakes. OPP careless.It was a useful/useless suggestion.

This gas is harmful/harmless.

Its a painfu l/pain less treatment.

Có một số cặp từ trài nghĩa tận cùng hằng - fill và -less:

Anh ấy là một sinh viên rất cẩn thận.

Đó là mội lời đề nghị hữu ích/ vô ích.

Khỉ nay thì có hai/ không cố hại.

Đó là việc điều ỉr ị gây đau đởn/ không đau.

© Tick {S) the correct form. Both forms may be correct. Hãy đánh dấu tick (S) ở dạng đúng. cả hai dạng có thể đểu đúng.

► ridiculous 0 r id ic ical0

1 waterproof □ proofwater □

2 careful □ careless □

3 creamful □ creamy □




4 humorful □

5 practicy □

6 washable □

7 powerful □

humorous □

practical □

washless □

powerless □

0Are these things generally good or bad? Write G or B. Hầuhết những đồ vật này là tốt hay xấu? Hãy viết G hoặc B.

1 washable trousers.... 4 painless medical treatment...7 a powerless government...

2 a shockproof watch..... 5 tropical fruit....

©Complete the sentences using adjectives formed from the nouns in the box below - Hoàn thành câu bằng cách dùng các tính từ được thành lập từ các danh từ ở khung bên dưới.

spice pain practice fashion ridicule use harm humour s economy

► The article wasn’t supposed to be hum orous , but it made m e laugh

all the same.1 Don’t leave that powder there — it could be ........... to the children.

2 The price of the meal was ............ 1just couldn’t afford it.

3 Throw that thing away - it’s absolutely..............

4 A bike is much more .........than a car in the centre of town.

5 These shoes may be ............ but they’re incredibly uncomfortable.

6 My car uses less petrol than my sister’s, so it’s a lot more..............

7 Is your toothache very....... .?

8 1couldn’t eat the meal; it was much too ..............for me.

Q M Test yourself. Look at the examples and cover the ™ meanings. What are the meanings?- Hãy nhìn vào các

ví dụ và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của chúng là gì?

► a powerful speaker .G.. 3 harmful medicine 6 an economical car....



LANGUAGE 383

74 I can use verb patternsTòi có thể dùng các dạ ng thứ : củ a đọ ng từVerb + in f in i t ive E x a m p l e M e a n i n g

i n t e n d to do sth We I n t e n d to leave earlytonight.

plan or m ean to do sth .

m an ag e to do s th I m a n a g e d to get a job, but it w asn’t easy .

succeed with sth that isoften difficult.

t e n d to do sth I t e n d to get up late onSundays.

usually do sth.t e n d e n c y N .

p r e t e n dto do or be sth He p r e t e n d e d to be ill because he ju st d idn’t w ant

to go to school.act in a particular wayto make people believesth that isn’t true.

refuse to do sth Why did she r e f u s e tohelp you?

say th a t you won ’t do sththat sb has asked^ou to do.

Other common verbs used in this way: cxpcct, promise, offer , decide, hope, want, mean .

Verb + -ing form

i m a g i n e doingsth

I can’t imag ine workingwithout a computer.

think what sth will belike.

admit doing sthd e n y doing sth

He. admitted taking the vase.She d e n i e d takinghis watch.

agree that you have donesth wrong.OPP d e n y doing sth.

recal l doing sth I don’t recal l meet ing them. remem ber s th you did in

the past.mind doing sth Do you mind working late? feel unhappy that you

have to do sth.

r e g r e t doing sth I r e g r e t leaving schoola t 16. -

feel sorry that you didsth.

O ther comm on verbs used in this way: enjoy, avoid , risÃ, regret, consider ,suggest.




V e r b + o b j e c t + i n f i n i t i v e

p e r s u a d e sb to do s th He p e r s u a d e d me to buy a new car.

make sb do sth by givingthem a good reason to do it.

e n c o u r a g e sb todo sth

My sister e n c o u r a g e d

me to have dancinglessons.

give sb help and suppo rtso th a t they feel confidentto đo sth.

w a r n sb not to do sth He w a r n e d me not togo into that area.

tell sb not to do sth thatmight be unpleasant ordangerous.

r e m i n d sb to do s th I had to r e m i n d her tothey have to do.

help sb to remember sth post th e le tte r, th a t

e n a b l e sb to do s th His map e n a b l e d meto find it.

make it possible for sb todo sth.

Other common verbs used in this way: want , ask , tell, beg, advise, expect, force, help , allow. '

V e r b + o b j e c t + p r e p o s i t io n

a c c u s e sb o f s th The teacher a c c u s e d the

boy o f cheating.

say that sb has done

wrong or broken the law. b l a m e sb f o r s th They b lam ed the teachers

for the bad exam results.think or say that sb isresponsible for sth bad.

r e m i n d sb o f sb/sth You r e m i n d me o f mydad.

cause sb to remembersb/sth.

i n t r o d u c e sb to sb I i n t r o d u c e d MissAnderson to my boss.

tell sb another person’sname whenthey meetfor the first t ime.

Other common verbs used in this way: ask sb for, forgive sb for, prevent sb from (doing sth ), spend sth on.

o Cross out the verb that cannot be used in each sentence - Hãy gạch bỏ động từ mà không thể được dùng trong mỗi câu.

4 They ................ to go.

a) wanted b) enjoyed c) refused d) intended

1 S h e ...... me to do it.

a) encouraged b) per suaded c) reminded d) pretended



LANGUAGE 385

2 He................... losing the money.

a) ma nag ed b) admided c) regreded d) denied

3 We........... to go away in the summer.

a) hope b) enjoy c) tend d) intend4 1don’t ...........staying there.

a) recall b) mind c) tend d) regret

5 Did they ....... . to spend all the money?

a) deny b) intend c) refuse d) mean

6 They ............ me not to go there.

a) reminded b) accused c) persua ded d) warned

© Circle the correct verb - Hãy khoanh tròn động từ đúng.

4 He said he was at the meeting, butfderiedyadmided causing thetrouble.

1 The extra money I earn will warn /enable me to have a holiday thisyear.

2 The roads will be busy, so we intend/pretend to leave early.

3 I can’t recall/imagine living in another country.

4 He said it was dangerous and warned/encouraged me not to gothere.

5 The girl behind the bar accuses/reminds me of your sister.

6 Actually, I don’t mind/admỉt going to the dentist.

© Match 1 - 6 with a - g. ■ Hãy nối các câu từ 1 đến 6 với các câu từ a đến g.

4 She suggested ...e... a making any mistakes.

1 She acc use d ....... b me to her sister.

2 She persuade d ....... c to be an actress.

3 She d e n ie d ......... d me for the mistakes.




4 She pretended.

5 She introduced

6 She blamed

e going out.

f me of lying,

g me to go.

0 ABOUT YOU Write your answers or ask another student - Hãy viết câu trả lời của bạn hoặc hỏi sinh viên khác.

Is there anything:

1 you m an ag ed to do recently that was difficult? What? ........................

2 you intended to do recently but didn’t? What? ........................

3 you regret doing recently? What?........................

4 you have refused to do recently? What? ........................

5 someone has persuaded you to do recently? What? ........................

6 someone has warned you not to do recently? What? ........................

7 someone has blamed you for recently? What?.........................

8 someone has reminded you to do recently? What? ........................

A M Test yourself. Cover the third column of each table and ™ look at the verbs and examples. Can you remember the

meanings? Hãy che cột thứ ba của mỗi bảng và nhìn vào các động iừ và các ví dụ của động từ. Bạn có thể nhớ nghĩa của chúng không?



LANGUAGE 387

75 I can use phrasal verbs Tôi có thể dùng các ngữ độ ng từ

A Grammar - Ngữ phápVerb Example Meaning

give up [no object] They gave up whe n the otherteam sc ored the second goal.

accept you can no t do sthan d so stop trying.

go up Sales went up last month. incre ase in price, level, etc.OITgo down.

run out T My visa runs out nex t week. come to an end.

take after Sib [object goes afterthe verb an d particle]

get over sth

I ta k e a f te r mv father in looks but my m oth er in chara cte r.

Sh e’s be en very ill, bu t she’sgetting over it now.

look or buhtive like an oldermem ber ol 'you r family.

recover from an illness or bad exper ience.

give sth away [object can go betw ee n or a fter th e verb a nd particle]

make sth up

switch sth on

put slh out

Ỉh ad a bike but I gave it away. He’s given away his o ld CDs.

I couldn't rem em ber thè story,so I made something up.

Could you switch the light on?Could you switch o n the light?

They put out the fire quickly.

They put it out quickly.

give sth to sb w ithou tw antin g m oney for it.

invent sth, often sth tha t you pretend ỈS true.

pre ss st h to s ta r t elect ric power, orp switch sth off.

make sth stop burning. SYN

extinguish PML.get on with sb [verb w ith 3 part s,object at the end] !

run out of sth ỷ

Do you get on withvnur brother?

We’ve run out of bread .

have <1good relationshipwith sb.

finish y our supply of sth.

spotlight 1 separable phrasal verbs (C ác n g ữ đ ộ n g t ừ có t h ể t á c h r ờ i )

With separable phrasal verbs, the object can go after the verb and particle (see

1 below) or between the verb and the particle (2), but a pronoun must go in themiddle (3).

1 He gave away the bike, s

2 He gave the bike away, s

3 He gave i t away, s (NoTHe gave omy-it.)

Với các ngữ động từ có thể tách rời, tân ngữ có thể đứng sau động từ và tiểu từ (xem

1 dưới đây) hoặc ỉân ngữ cố thể đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ (2), nhưng một đại từ thì

phải đứng giữa động từ và tiểu từ (3).

1 Anh ấy đẵ vứt chiếc xe đạp đi




o Is the grammar in these sentences right or wrong? Write Ror w. Trong các câu dưới đây có ngữ pháp đúng hay sai? Hãy viết R hoặc w.

► She gave away it. IU........1 The numbers have gone up..’...........

2 Did he make the story up?.. ....... .

3 Does he take his father after? ............

4 Don’t put out it............

5 He’ll get over it............

6 You can’t switch off it............

7 She couldn’t do it, so she gave up...............

© Circle the correct answer - Hãy khoanh tròn câu trả lời đúng.

► Prices have [gone upygiven up.

1 He definitely takes afte r/ge ts over his dad.

2 It’s not true: he made it up/took after it.

3 Do you get on with/run out of his cousin?

4 My passport runs out/gets over soon.

5 1switched on/got over the cooker.

6 Did he give away/take after any food? .

© Complete the sentences - Hoànthành câu.

► He didn’t want his bike, so he gave it

1 The price went ................ from €5 to €6.

2 You can’t smoke in here — you’ll have to put that cigarette .......

3 Let’s watch TV. Will you switch it............. ?4 She was disappointed not to get the job, but she’ll get..............it.

5 She gets well............. my parents.

6 Oh no! We’ve run ............. rice.



LANGUAGE 389

Test yourself. Look at the meanings and cover the^ ™ examples andverbs. What are the verbs? Hãy nhìn vào

nghĩa và che các động từ và ví dụ. Các động từ đó là gĩ?

B In the classroom - Ở l p họ c

STUDENT I c a n ’t w o r k o u t n u m b e r s e v e n . T H o w a r e y o u gett ing on, S u k i ?SiN iỉ VIÊN T ô i k h ô n g t h ể t rả lờ i d ư ợ c T : S u k ỉ , v iệ c h ọ c tậ p c ủ a e m t iế ncâu sô bả y. bộ đế n đâu rồ i?__ __ s Fine, thank you.T E A C H E R O K . L e a v e i t o u t S: Củ ìíg tố t , căm ơ n.and go on with the next one.

TEAdim: Đư ợ c. Ilăy bỏ qua câu T p10U' tI y°“ I those b its of paper and putdó và tiế p tỉic làm câu tiế p theo. ^ the™ in■ tíje .7: t ìạ n có t hê n h ặ t n h ữ n g m â u g i â y n à yvà bỏ chúng vào thùng rác không?

T ru give out the dictionaries, but couldy ou p u t th e m b a c k w h e n y o u ’v e fin i s h e d ?

s I can’t see the board, Miss.S: Thư a cô, em không nhìn thấ y đư ợ c nộ i dung ghi trên bả ng

T Well, put your glasses on. T: Ah, em hãy deo mắ t kính vào đi.

T: Tôi sẽ dư a nhữ ng quyể n từ điể n này cho bạ n, như ng bạ n có thể vui lòng trả chứ ng về chỗ cũ khi bạ n làm xong cồ ng việ c không?

T If you get through the exercises today wecan go over them tomorrow in class.

T: Nế u hôm nay bạ n hoàn thành xong nhữ ng bài tậ p này, thì ngày mai chúng ta có thể sẽ cùng nhau xem

xét chúng mộ t cách kỳ lư ỡ ng ở l p ì tạ c.

Glossary

work sth out tìm ra câu trả lời find an answer to sth.

leave sth out bỏ qua thứ gì not include sth. SAN omit sth.

go on (with sth )tiếp tục (với việc gì) continue (with sth). SAND carry on(with sth).

put sth on mang vào, mặc vào thứ gì begin wearing sth. COPP tage sth off.get on tiến bộ make progress with sth you are doing.

pick sth up nhặt thử gì lên ta ke hold of sth and lift it to a higher place. OPP put sth down. (See spotlight.)

give sth out ơưa thứ gỉ cho ai give one of sth to each person in a group.SAND hand sth out.

put sth back đặt thứ gì vào vị trí cũ return sth to its place (see spotlight).

get through sth hoàn thành việc gì complete a task or activity.

go over sth xem xét việc gì kỹ lưỡng examine and check sth carefully.




Different meanings_________________________________

Many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning.

Pick sth or sb up also means 'go and collect sth or sb':

I have to pick the car up this morning.

Can you pick me up at 5.00?

Put sth back also means 'move sth to a later time':

We put the wedding back until the spring.

Nhiều ngữ động từ cố nhiều nghĩa.

Pick sth hoặc sb up cũng có nghĩa đi và đón ai hoặc thứ gì'

Sáng nay tôi phải đi đến lấy chiếc xe hơi.

Bạn đón tôi vào lúc 5 giờ được không?

Put sth back còn có nghĩa ■chuyển việc gì sang thời gian muộn hơn’:

Chúng tôi hoãn lại đám cưới cho đến mùa xuân này mới tổ chức.

© Replace the underlined words with a phrasal verb with the

same meaning - Hãy thay thế từ được gạch dưới bằng một ngữ động từ có cùng nghĩa-

4 When are you going to collect the tickets? ......

1 Do you want us to omit the next exercise?....................

2 Do you think we’ll complete the book by the end of term? ..........

3 I couldn’t find an answer to the last question:....................

4 Do the exercise for homework and we’ll check it on Thursday ......

5 I asked her about her course yesterday. She’s not doing very well..........

6 Let’s finish this first, then we can continue with Exercise 9 ...........

©Complete the sentences - Hoàn thành câu-

4 If you don’t want to do it, you can leave ..........1 Could you give ...............the books to the students, Claude?

2 I’d like to get............... Unit 5 by Friday, then go ............... with Unit6 on Monday.

s p o t l i g h t



LANGUAGE 391

3 I don’t know why the dictionaries aren’t there. I put them..............yes te rday .

4 You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did you g e t ........... ?

5 She took her boots .............. and left them on the steps.6 1couldn’t read it until 1put my glasses .................

7 We’re very busy this week, so Ỉhad to put the meeting ...............to next Monday.

8 The suitcase was very heavy; I had to keep picking it...............and puding it.................




76 I can use a range of adverbsTôi có thể dùng rấ t nhỉều các trạ ng từA Other ways of saying very 6~l

Nhữ ng cách nói khác củ a verySome adverbs are used with particular adjectives or verbs to mean uery,

a lot, or to a large degree .

M ộ t s ô ' t r ạ n g t ừ đ ư ợ c d ù n g v i t ín h t ừ h o ặ c đ ộ n g t ừ đ ặ c b i ệ t đ ể có

n g h ĩ a very, a loi, hoậc to a large degree.

Phrase M eaning O ther examples

I wak bitterly disappointed with very disappointed. bitterly cold

my results. )

He was despe rately unlucky to lose very unlucky. desperate ly

his job. need

Jack was seriously injured in the crash. badly injured. serious ly i llHe was terribly sorry he couldn’t come. very sorry. terrib ly sad

It’s vital ly impo rtant we remember. very impo rtant.

It’s h igh ly u n lik e ly that she’ll be late, very unlikely. highly intelligent

He feels strongly that the war is wrong. has a strong belief. strongly oppose

Prices have rise n sh arp ly. risen a lot. fall sharply

This expression is w ide ly used . used a lot. travel widely

I love Lucy, but she’s completely mad. complete ly is used to com pletely bald

I completely forgot about the party. emphasize an adjective completely ruined

Her first book was totally different. or verb. SYN totally. totally sure

I’m not totally convinced he’s innocent. convinced 100 per cent sure.

OAdd a suitable adverb to each sentence. Show where it should go - Hãy thêm các trạng từ phù hợp vào mỗi câu. Chỉ

ra chỗ nào phù hợp.► It’s / important to go.ụ.íts^ị. 4 Paula’s been ill............

1They’re intelligent boys............. 5 Their profits have fallen.............

2 It’s cold outside............. 6 We need to earn more money........



LANGUAGE 393

3 That man is mad ............. 7 It was unnecessary to do that .........

© Complete the sentences with a suitable word - Hoàn thành câu với từ phù hợp.

► They were all liiteAệị.. d isappointed to lose the match.

1 The cost of coffee has..............sharply since last year. It’s almostdouble now.

2 The accident happened this morning, and several people were serio u s l y .............

3 I’m terribly............. I completely to bring my homework.4 He..............widely when he was in South America.

5 We both strongly that the government should change its policy.

6 I’m not totally that he knows what he ’s doing with that cam era.

© Replace very with a different adverb in each sentence - Trong moi câu, hay thay thế từ very bằng một trạng từ khác

4 She’s vefy sorry about the mistake..teMit.ệị......

1 A good dictionary is uery important....................

2 It's very unlikely that he’ll come................

3 We were very unlucky to lose the match.....................

4 It used to be quiet but it’s uery different now.....................

5 He was very disappointed he didn't win...................

6 That story of the missing girl is very sad.....................

B Frequency and degreeTầ n su ấ t và mứ c độAXEỈ Do you and Mac still go to concerts together regularly?

B ạ n và Mac vẫ n thư ờ ng xuyên đi xem hòa nhạ c v i nhau ch ứ ?

HARRY No, we rarely see each other these days. The last timewas roughly a year ago.Không, vào th ờ i g ian này chúng tô i h ầ u nh ư r ấ t ít g ặ p nhau. L ầ n gặ p nhau cuố i cùng vừ a qua cũ ng khoả ng cách đây m ộ t

năm rồ i.




AXE1 Oh. Why’s that?

Ổ . Tạ i sao vậ y?

HARRA Weil, he lives in Watford now, which is miles away. That ’s

mainly the reason. Bây giờ , anh ấ y số ng ở Watford , nơ i đó cách xa hàng d ặ m . Đó là lý do chính .

AXEI But you still go to concerts, don’t you?

N h ư n g anh vẫ n thư ờ ng đi xem hòa nhạ c chứ , ph ả i kỉiông?

HARRY No, actually I don’t. I think I’m getting a bit old for rockconcerts. Generally I just listen to music at home.

Thự c ra tôi không đi xem . Tôi nghĩ tôi đã l n tu ổ i không phù hợ p đ i xem hòa nhạ c rock. Tôi th ư ờ ng ch ỉ nghe nh ạ c ở nhà.

AXEI Do n’t you miss the excitement of live concerts?

Tạ i sao anh lạ i bỏ qua sự sôi đ ộ ng cứ a hòa nh ạ c sông?

HARRY That’s partly why I don’t go. I find the noise and hysteriarather annoying, actually.

Phầ n nào thì đó cũ ng là lý do tạ i sao tôi khôn g đi. Th ậ t va tôi n hậ n th ấ y nh ữ n g tiế n g ồ n và n hữ n g tiế n g cư ờ i lở n rấ t là bự c mình.

rather, fairly, quite, pretty

These words are all used to say that something is true to some extent. Rather and pretty INF are usually stronger, quite and fairly are usually weaker.

Tâi cả các từ này đều được ơùng để nói việc gì đó là đúng ở một mức độ nào đó. Rather và pretty ỉhường có nghĩa mạnh hơn, quite và fairly thường có nghĩa yếu hơn.

He's fa ir ly /q uite lazy. Cậu ây hơi lười biếng.

The film was pretty good. Bộ phim này cũng khá hay.

With positive words, rather suggests a positive opinion is unexpected.

Với các từ mang nghĩă tích cực, rather diễn đạt một ý kiến tích cực rất đảng ngạc nhiên.

It was a very cheap restaurant, but surprisingly the food was rather good. Đó là một nhà hàng có giá rất rẻ, nhưng thật đáng ngạc nhiên là thức ăn ở đó khá là ngon.

spotlight



LANGUAGE 395

Glossary

regularly thường xuyên happening quite often,

rarelyhiếm khi

not happening often. SAN seldom,roughly khoảng about; not exactly. SAN approximately,

mainly phần lớn mostly. SAN largely.

actually thật ra really (often used when you are saying the opposite ofwhat sb expects). SAN in (actual) fact.

generally thường thường usually; most of the time. SAN on the whole, partlyp/ĩá)? nào to some degree but not completely. SAN to som e/ a certain

extent (To som e e xtent I agree .OR I agree to a certain extent.).

0 Same or different? Write s or D - Các câu dưới đày có cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa? Hãy viết s hoặc Đ.

► The town is largely industrial. 1The town is mainly industrials....

1 It’s quite good. 1It’s fairly go od ..... ....

2 Generally it’s very quiet here. On the whole it’s very quiet here....

3 The house is actually very nice. I The house is very nice at themoment...........

4 it's approximately ten kilometres. I It’s roughly ten k ilom etres......

5 We go there regularly. I We rarely go there ..........

6 I partly agreed with him. I I agreed with him to some extent ... ......7 The book was rather good. I The book was predy good ..........

8 They seldom work late. 1They rarely work late ..........

© Replace the underlined word with a different word or phrase with the same meaning - Hãy thay thế từ được gạch dưới bằng một từ hoặc cụm từ có cùng nghĩa-

► I go to the gym regularly. .

1 Generally 1enjoyed the play ....................

2 The students were largely Italian...................

3 There were roughly 30 at the party.....................




4 We go there mainly for the skiing...................

5 It’s a nice flat but it’s predv small...................

6 Ỉwasn’t sure about Leo at first, but in fact he’s very nice ..........

7 We seldom go out during the week ...................

8 Your sister is quite tall, isn’t she? ..................

^ Test yourself. Look at the glossary words and cover the w meanings. What are the meanings and synonyms? - Hãy

nhìn vào từ Ởglossary và che nghĩa lại . Nghĩa và từ đồng

nghĩa của chúng là gì ?



LANGUAGE 397

Review: Language Ôn tậ p: Ngôn ngữ

Unit 68

1 Circle the word or phrase that is different - Khoanh tròn từ hoặc cụm từ có nghĩa khác nhau.

4 as / since / (due to]

1 despite / because / in spite of 5 though / so / therefore

2 as a result / all the same / consequently 6 in addition / moreover / however

3 what’s more / still / plus 7 so / nevertheless / however

4 although / despite the fact that / furthermore 8 provided that / whereas / as long as

2 Complete the texts with appropriate link words -Hoàn thành bàì text với các từ nối phù hợp.

1 i stayed with a delightful family last sum mer when I was studyingGerman in He ide lberg> the fact that my German wasquite

basic to start with, they helped me with conversation, and as a(1) .................. I made a lot of progress. And what’s (2) ................... , bythe end of my stay I felt I had made new friends, i’ll go back andstay with them next sum mer (3).................that they don’t have other guests.

2 The first day of the h oliday V/3S a disa ster. T he re w as a hu ge stormand we couldn’t leave the hotel (4) ................. to the bad weather. In(5)..... ............. there was no electricity in the evening (6) .................the storm had brought down the power lines. (7) ................. , the following morning the sun came out, and things started to improve.




Unit 69

1 Complete the table - Hoàn thành bảng.

Definition Word Op p o s i t e

4 working well and quickly, and without mistakesi c i e s t

1 not done or seen or happening very often

2 just good enough, but nothing more

3 typical of the past, but not now

4 connected with the town, not the country

5 full of people

6 made by people and used instead of something natural or

natural « ....................

7 behaving in a bad and offensive way

8 feeling pleasure from what you have achieved

9 quite hard f ...............................

10 successful and giving the result you want

Unit 70

1 Tick (^ ) the correct words. Be careful: one or both may be correct - Hãỵ đánh dấu tick ị o vào từ đúng. Hãy thận trọng:

một hoặc cả hai có thể đúng.

4 We live on the edge 0 the rear □ of the village.

1 The cat was siding underneath. □ over □ the chair.

2 We don’t play cards very often nowadays □ these days □ .

3 The man beh ind us coughed during □ throughout □ the film; It was

so annoying.

4 We knocked on nearly every door, and noiv and aga in □ eventu

al ly □ found Lisa’s house.

5 She jumped down from the window beneath. □ onto □ the grass.



LANGUAGE 399

6 Í go there occasionally □ recently Dto get some peace and quiet.

7 I could see her in the distance as she was running beside\3 towards □ me.

8 We were working hard in the lesson. Meanwhi le D/n the mean timeU ,Darren was siding outside, chading to his girlfriend.

Unit 71

1 Complete the table with words from the box and their prepositions - Hoàn thành bảng với các từ đã cho ở trong khung và các giới từ của chúng.

a hurry •''get rid involved s capable insist general rely favour of

take care purpose public approve depend a rush board

in on of ivc et

iKi/oCt/eeỉ tDt

Unit 72

1 Cross out the wrong word, and write the correct word at the

end - Hãy gạch bỏ từ sai và viết lại từ đúng ở cuối câu.► We ou toa ded the car and put the shopping away.

1 Margo’s behaviour is completely non-accepta ble ..................

2 His opinion is unrelevant; I’m going to leave anyway .................

3 1think she’s feeling a bit dissecure - let’s look after her .............

4 Could I have an unalcoholic drink, please? ................

5 You can disfasten your seat belt now .................

6 My boss is very unhonest; I just don’t trust him...................

7 I hate it when people are inpatient..............



Unit 73

1 Complete the dialogues - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại.

► Is it OK to put this jacket in the washing machine? - No, it isn’t

ụỵôiíẹa tfe ...

1 He judges situations well, do esn’t he? ~ Yes, he has very goo d .......

2 Do you know what this word means?- No, I can’t give you a ..........

3 How would you react if you saw a tiger? - I don’t know what mywould be .................

4 That's a woman with a lot of power. ~ Yes, she’s extremely ...........

5 This mobile comes in grey, silver, and black. ~ Any co lour’s OK for

me; 1don't have a ................

6 That’s cruel to animals. ~ Yes, Ỉhate that kind of...................

7 Why are you building an............... ?~ We need a bigger kitchen.

8 Will this stuff do me any harm? ~ No, it’s completely...................

Unit 741 Rewrite the sentences using verbs from the box and the

correct construction. Hãy viết các câu bằng việc dùng động tử đă cho trong khung và cấu trúc đủng.

deny ^a c cu se remind tend recall persuade pretend regret admit refuse

blame _________________ ______ __ _____________________________

► She said she didn’t take the ring...^S/£*!íVl?5Í .......

1 1do n't remem ber meeting your parents. I don ’t ............................2 He wouldn't leave. He...........................

3 Carrie said she stole the necklace. Carrie ...........................4 Mario said I took ail the food. Mario...........................

5 She’s sorry she moved to London. She...........................

6 When I see Boris Ỉthink of your brother. Boris ...........................

7 He said the mistake was my fault. He...........................8 1usually work in the evening. Ỉ...........................

9 Cal said he was a doctor, but he wasn't. Cal...........................

10 She gave me good reasons to leave. She...........................




LANGUAGE 401

Unit 75

1 One word is missing in each sentence. Where from? Write it at the end. Trong mỗi cảu có từ thiếu. Ở chỗ nào? Hãy viết

nó ở cuối cảu► i’d like to try and / through this chapter today. ......

1 My brother is very like my dad, but 1take my mothe r ................

2 If you don’t need the money, why don’t you give i t ? ..............

3 I don’t get very well with my boss................

4 If you can’t answer one of the questions, just it out ................

5 He put his coat and ran out of the house ................6’I can't work how to use this camera................

7 Could you the TV on? I’d like to see the news ................

8 I've done my essay, but I need to go it again ................

Unit 76

1 Complete the sentences with a word from the box - Hoàn thành câu với một từ được cho trong khung.

widely sharply totally roughly highly ^rather rarely strongly

► He’s got a PhD from Harvard; he’s i n t e l l i g e n t - and he’scharming too.

1 Salaries have risen............. in the last three years.

2 I feel very ............ about the need to improve public transport.3 The garden is............ thirty metres long.

4 I didn’t enjoy the food very much, and the place was ............expensive.

5 I’m always saying I’m going to do more exercise, but 1............go to the gym.

6 This kind of tool was ............ used by farmers in the nineteenth century.

7 I fell off a wall and hurt myself, but I wasn’t ............ injured.

8 I’m ............ convinced that beder communication can chan ge theworld.



402 REVIEW: STYLES OF ENGLISH

771 can recognize informal English Tôi có thể nhậ n ra tiế ng Anh theo lố i

văn phong thằ n mậ tA Formal and informal English

Tiế ng Anh trang trọ ng và tiế ng Anh thăn mậ t

Most words and expressions are n e u tr a l, and can be used in most situations.Occasionally we use formal language in spoken English, e.g. announcements(The play woll c o m m e n ce in three minutes.), but more commonly in w rittenEng lish, e.g. busine ss le tte rs or official documents (Keep your rece ipt as proofof p u rc h a se .) . Inform al language is very common in spoken E nglish,especially in co nversation. C ertain types of language are often informal:

H ầ u h ế t các từ ngừ và cụ m từ trong tiế ng A n h là không th ể h iệ n tính tra n g trọ n g ha y là th â n m ậ t và có t h ể đ ư ợ c d ù n g ở h ầ u h ế t m ọ i tìn h

huố n g. T h ỉn h th oả n g chủ n g ta d ù n g từ n gừ tra n g trọ n g tro ng tiế n g An h nói, ch ẳ ng h ạ n các thông báo (Buổ i tr ình d i ễ n sẽ b ắ t đ ầ u trong ba ph út nữ a.), n hư n g thư ờ ng g ặ p hơ n là tro ng tiế n g An h viế t, ch ẳ n g h ạ n t hư thư ơ ng m ạ i hoặ c nh ữ n g v ăn bả n c hín h thứ c (hãy g iữ hó a đơ n là m b ằ n g chứ ng cho việ c m ua h àng.). T ừ n gữ th â n m ậ t th ì rấ t th ư ờ n g đư ợ c d ù n g tro ng t iêng A nh nói, đ ặ c biệ t là tron g đ àm thoạ i. M ộ t s ố loạ i từ n gừ n h ấ t đ ịn h th ư ờ ng là có t ính thân m ậ t:

• m a n y ph rasa l verbs, e.g. t u r n s b / s t h d o w n

n hiề u n gữ đ ộ n g từ , ch ẳ n g h ạ n tu rn sb ! s th d ow n• uses of g e t, e.g. Could you g e t m e a pen?

các cách d ùn g cứ a‘get, chẳ ng hạ n Could you get me a p en ?

• many idiom s, e.g . k ee p an eye on s th , ou t o f the b lue

nh iề u thành ng ữ , chẳ ng hạ n keep an eye on St, out o f the blue

• many examples of vag ue language, e.g. thing(s), stuff , sort of .

nhi ề u v í d ụ v ề t ừ ng ữ không rõ ràng, ch ẳ ng h ạ n th ing(s), s tu f f \ sor t of.



STYLES OF ENGLISH 403

Glossary

neutral không cố tỉnh chất đặc biệt not having any strong qualities (so inthis context, neither formal nor informal).

commence bắt đầu FML begin. purchase việc mua hàng FML the act of buying sth. purchase V.

turn sb/sth down từ chối ai/ việc gỉ INF refuse an offer.

get sth đi lay thổ gi INF go to a place and bring sth back. SYN fetch sth.

idiom thành ngữ an expression in which the meaning is different fromthe meanings of the individual words in it. idiomatic ADJ.

keep an eye on sth trông chừng thứ gì INF look after sth and make sure itis safe.

out of the blue một cách đột ngột INF suddenly and unexpectedly,

vague không rõ ràng not clear or definite.

sort of cũng không hẳn, nhưng một phần /ổ vậy INF not exactly, but partly(e.g. A re you busy? Yes, sort of.)

stu f f

Stuff INF is used to refer to something without using its name. We usually usestuff to replace uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns.

Stuff được dùng ớể chỉ thứ gì đó mà không ơùng tên của nó. Chúng ỉa thường ơủng

stuff để thay thế các danh từ không đếm được và các danh từ đếm được số nhiều.

Do you need much of this stuff? {ẹ.Q. washing powder, soy sauce)

Bạn cần lấy thứ này cỏ nhiều không? (chẳng hạn bột giặt, nước tương).Put that s tu ff over there, (e.g. books, papers, flies)

Hãy đặt thứ đó ở đằng kia . (chẳng hạn sách vờ, giấy tờ; hồ sơ)

o Formal, informal, or neutral? Write F, I, or N. - Từsau đây có tinh trang trọng, thân mật hay là trung tính ? Hãy viết F,I hoặc N.

► get ..L... 4 commence.......

1 sort of ...... 5 vague......

2 purc hase........ 6 out of the blue.......

spotlight

3 stuff ....... 7 neutral




© Replace the underlined word with a suitable word or phrase that has the same meaning in the context. Thay thế từ được gạch dưới bằng từ hoặc cụ từ phù hợp mà có cùng nghĩa trong ngữ cảnh.

► ỉ m ad e him a good offer but he refused

1 Do you want me to get your coat for you? ............................

2 [announcement] The film will start in five minutes....................

3 Where can I leave my clo the s? ..........................................

4 [business leder] There is a discount if you buy a certain quan

tity........................................

5 Then my parents arrived unexpectedly.

6 Could you look after my suitcase for a minute while 1get a coffee? ..............................................

©Complete the sentences Hoàn thành bài text

► My brother arrived out of the ............

1 Do you understand? . Yes, sort....................

2 1don't know exactly where she lives, but Ỉhave a .................. idea

3 Could you get some of that organic ................. the childrenlike to drink?

4 ‘Keep an eye on somethin g’ is quite a co m m on ..................in English.

5 1 offered him a lot of money but he still........................ it down,

6 The walls are of green , but it’s not a strong colour; it’squite ..............

B Common exchanges Nhữ ng cuộ c đố i thoạ i thư ờ ng gặ p

AHi. How’s it going?

Xỉn chào. Anh khỏ e không?

A W hat ’ve yo u be en up to l a t e ly?Gầ n đây bạ n đang làm gì vậ y ?




(B Not bad. And you?

Cũ ng đ ư ợ c. Còn anh thì saoỳ

A Could you give me a hand? Bạ n vui lòng giúp tôi mộ t tay dư ợ c không?

(B Yeah sure, no problem .

Vâng đư ợ c chứ , kỉ lông th àn h vấ n d ị

B Nothing much.

sCãng kỉ lông có gì quan trọ ỊỊg)

A Take care. See you soon.

Hãy bả o trọ ng. Hẹ n s m g ặ p lạ

/ 0 Yeah. C h e e r s? \

\ ^Vâng. Tạ m b ì ệ t . y

A What’s up with Mark?

Có chuyệ n xả y ra v i Mark vậ y ĩ

Cl h ave n ’t a c l u e \

Tôi không biế t , J

A Hang on. I’ll be with you in aminute.

Hãy giữ máy. Mộ t phú t nữ a tôi sẽ quay lạ i. ____________________

OK, but hurry up!

.Đư ợ c rồ i, như ng hãy nhanh lên nhé.)

Glossary

Hi xin chào INF hello.

How’s it going? bạ n khỏ e không INF = How are you? SAN How arethings?

give sb a hand giúp ơ õ ai help sb. SAM lend sb a hand,

yeah vâng INF yes.

no problem không thành vấ n ơ ề INF used to say that you are happy to do sth.

What’s up (with sb)? Có chuyệ n gì xả y ra (v i ai)? INF = What’s the matter

(with sb)?

I haven’t a clue Tôi không biết INF = I don’t know.

What’ve you been up to ?Bạ n vừ a mồ i làm g'l ỈNF=What’ve you been doing?

lately mới ơâỵ recently.

nothing much không cố gì quan trọng INF nothing of importance,

take care hãy bả o trọ ng IMF used when saying goodbye,

hang on hãy giữ máy INF wait a m om ent. SAN hold on.

hurry up hãy nhanh lên INF move or do sth quickly.

s p ot l i g h t cheers

We use cheers to express gelid wishes when we have an alcoholic drink. It is also used ininformal situations to mean either 'thank you' or 'goodbye'

Chúng ta dùng cheers để bày tỏ những lời chúc tốt đẹp trong lúc chúng ta uống rượu hoặc bia. Từ này

cũng được ơùng trong cấc tình huống thân mật đê có nghĩa hoặc là ‘cảm ơn’ hoặc 'tạm biệt'.




o Same or different? Write s or D - Các câu sau đây có cùng nghĩa hay khác nghĩa Hãy viết s hoặc D.

► Yeah 1Yes ......

1 no problem 1 nothing mu ch ............

2 chee rs I goodby e ..........

3 recently I lately..........

4 late I lately..........

5 I don’t know I I haven’t a d u e ..........

£6 How’s it going? I How are thing s? ..........

7 What’ve you been up to? ỈWhat’s up? ..........

© Put these words and expressions in more informal English. Hãy đặt từ hoặc cụm từ sau đây theo tiếng Anh thân mật.

► Hello , tó . . .

1 Yes ...................

2 Wait a moment...............

3 What’s the matter? .............

4 I don’t know ...............

5 Hew are you?..............

6 What’ve you been doing? .............

7 Thank you ..............

© Complete the dialogues - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại

► What’s up ? ~ Nothing. Why?

1 See you soon. ~ Yeah. Take

2 Hi. How’s it ? ~ Fine, thanks. And you?

.3 Could you me a hand? ~ Sure. No4 We have to go. Hurry ~ OK. Ju st on a minute.

5 What’ve you been up ? ~ Nothing much.




A B Test yoursel f. Look at the g lossary words an d cover the ™ meanings. What are the meaning s? Hãy nhìn vào từ ở

glossary và che nghĩa lại. Nghĩa của chúng là gì?

c An everyday conversation Mộ t cuộ c trò chuyệ n thư ờ ng ngày

A Do you fa n c y a dr ink ?a*"-*'"**'-. - ...

A n h có m uô n uông g ì không?

B No, F d b e tt e r b e off ill a minute.

K hông , m ộ t chú t nữa t ô i ph ả i đ i .

A Really? I tho ug ht you had lo a d s o f t ime.Thật sao? Tô i nghĩ ông còn rấ t nh iêu, thờ i

g ian mà.

B No I’ve got to get to M ark’s to p ic k u p a te n t ’

Không, tôi phả i đi đế n nhà củ a Mark để lấ y tấ m lề u.A W h a t fo r ?

Anh cầ n lề u để làm gì vậ yĩ B It’s for a m a te of mine. He wants to take his k id s cam ping this weekend.

Tôi cầ n nó dể cho mộ t ngư ờ i bạ n củ a tôi dùng. Anh ta muố n dẫ n lũ trẻ di cắm t rạ i vào cuố i tuần này.

A At th i s t im e of the year? Yo u’re jo k ing !

Đi cắ m trạ i vào thờ i điể m này trong năm à? Anh không đùa đấ y chứ ỉ B I’m not He r e c k o n s the we ath er’s going to be fine.

Tôi không đùa đâu. Anh ta cho ràng thờ i tiế t sẽ đẹ p thôi.A T h a t ’s n o n s e n se . The forecast is awful.

T hậ t là vô lý . D ự báo thờ i t iế t nó i rằn g thờ i t iế t rấ t tồ i tệ.

B Oh well . If i t ’s a d is a s te r , th ey ’ll jus t have to come back home.À. Nế u như chuyế n đi cắ m trạ i bị thấ t bạ i, thì họ sẽ phả i trở ư ề nhà.

Glossaryfancy sth thích điều gì INF want sth. SAN feel iige (doing) sth.

I’d better be off Tôi phả i ơ i ngay 1NF í have to leave now.

loads (of sth) rất nhiều (thứgì) INF a lot of sth. SAND masses (of sth) INF.

pick sth/sb up đi lẫy thứ gì go and col lect sth/sb.What for? Bạn cần nó để lầm gì? INF Why are you doing sth? OR What do you need sth for?

mate người bạn INF a friend.

gid ơ úầ con IMF a chi ld.

r e c kon nghi cho rằng INF think.



nonsense điều vô lý ideas or statements that you think are stupid or not true.SYN rubbish INF.

disaster sự thấ t bạ i hoàn toàn IMF a complete failure.

jokeA joke is something said or done to make you laugh, especially a funny short story.

Joke được dùng để chỉ việc gì được nói hoặc được làm mà khiến cho bạn phải cười, đặc biệt là một câu chuyện hài ngắn.

We use the expression you're joking or you must be joking to express surprise, whenwe don't believe what someone is saying.

Chúng ta dùng cụm từ you’re joking hoặc you must be joking để bày tỏ sự ngạc nhiên, khi chủng ta không

tin vể những gì mà người khác đang nói.

© Match 1 “6 wi th a-g. - Hãy nố i các câu từ 1 đến 6 với các câu từ a đến g.

4 d i s a s t e r . .. e . .. a c h i ld

1 m a t e ............. b w a n t

2 l oads .......... c a lo t

3 r u b b i s h ........... d t h i n k 4 f a n c y ........... e f a i lu r e * ^

5 k i d .......... f nonsense

6 r e c k o n ........... g f r i en d

©Complete the dialogues with a single word - Hoàn thành bài hội thoại với một từ.

► D o y o u . .f a n c y . . . .g o i n g o u t t o n i g h t? ~ Y e s. W h e r e s h al l w e g o ?1 S a m ’s g o in g t o g e t a s n a k e . ~ W h a t! Y o u m u s t b e ................

2 W h a t w a s t h e p a r t y l i k e ? ~ T e r r i b l e . A n a b s o l u t e . . . . ............

3 A r e y o u g o i n g c a m p i n g ? ~ Y e s , b u t I ’ v e g o t t o b u y a n e w .........

4 He said he had. . . . . . . . . .of money. ~ Don’t bel ieve h im. He ta lks .........

5 I’d ........... b e o ff n o w . - W h y ? W h a t t i m e ’s y o u r t r a in ?

6 T m g o i n g to S w e d e n t o m o r r o w . ~ R e a lly ? W h a t..........

?7 W h e r e ’s L e y l a ? ~ S h e ’s .......... u p t h e k i d s f r o m s c h o o l .

8 D o y o u f e e l ............. g o i n g o u t ? ~ Y e s , g o o d i d e a .

Test you rself. Look at the gloss ary meanings and cover the words. What are the words? Hãy nhìn vào nghĩa ở glo ss ary và che từ lại . Những từ đó là từ g ì?

408________________________________REVIEW: STYLES OF ENGLISH

s p o t l i g h t




78 I can write a formal letter Tỗ ỉ có thể viế t mộ t lá thư trang trọ ng

N o tes (Chú ỷ )

If you are writing to a s tra n g e ror you don’t know the person’s name,use the phrases on the right.

Nế u bạ n đang vi ế t tỉ lư cho mộ t ngư ờ i lạ hoặ c bạ n không b iế t tên củ a ngư ờ i đó, hãy dùng các cụ m từ ở bên phả i.

If you know the person, use Mr, Mrs,

Miss, Ms, Dr, etc. and their surname. Nế u bạ n biế t ngư ờ i đó, hãy dùng Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms, Dr, và họ củ a ngư ờ i đó.

BeginningsD e a r S i rD e a r M a da mD e a r S i r o r M a dam

Dear Mr Wu

Dear Miss Giiberto

If you know them quite well you can use Dear Rosathe ir first name. Dear Conrad

Nế u bạ n bi ế t khá rò về ngư ờ i đó, bạ n c ó t h ể dùng tên củ a ÌI Ọ ,

For an informal letter to a good friend Dear Min Ho

or family member, use the first name. Hi, Pavel Đố i v i mộ t lá th ư thân mậ t gử i cho mộ t ngư ờ i bạ n thân hoặ c mộ t thành viên trong gia đìn h, hãy dùng tên củ a ngư ờ i dó.

Note: Love (from) is not normally used by a man writ in g to anoth er man,Chú ý: love (from) thư ờ ng không dư ợ c

dùng khi mộ t ngư ờ i đàn ông viế t th ư gử i cho mộ t ngư ờ i đàn ông khác.

Glossary

E nd i ngsYours fai thful ly

your name

You rs s incere ly

(With) best w ishesK i nd r e ga rds

Love (from)

All the b es t /T a k e c a r e

S t r a n g e r người lạ a p e r s o n t h a t y o u d o n o t k n o w .

e n c l o s e s t h đính kèm thứ gỉ put sth in an env elope or p ac ke t with sth else.

d e p o s i t tiền đặt cọc a s u m o f m o n e y w h i c h is y o u r f ir st p a y m e n t f or t h

( y o u w i l l p a y t h e r e s t l a t e r ) . ( Y o u p a y a d e p o s i t o n o r f o r s t h . )

c o m m e n c e bắt ơầu F M L b e g i n .I w o u l d b e g r a t e f u l if y o u c o u l d . . . . tôi sẽ rất cảm kích nếu bạn có thể . . .used

when you request sth. SYN Í would appreciate it if you could ...

in p a r t i c u l a r ^ biệt S Y N S e s p e c i a l l y , p a r t ic u l a r ly ,

w h e t h e r nếu if.




n e a r b y ở gần n o t f a r a w a y . SAM c l o se b y .

d o n ’ t h e s i t a t e t o d o s t h đ ừ n g do dự l àm việc gì don’ t fee l worr ied about

d o i n g s t h .

l o o k f o r w a r d t o s t h mong chờ đ iểu gì t h i n k w i th p l e a s u r e a b o u t s t h t h a t is

g o i n g t o h a p p e n ,

h e a r i n g f r o m y o u nhận được thư của bạn r e c e i v i n g y o u r l e t t e r .

Further ADJ h as several meanings :

1) comparative of f a r : The s ta tion i s f u r th e r than the bank.

2) (only before a noun) more: H a ve y o u a n y f u r t h e r q ue stio ns ?Further to ... FML is used in letters to mention a previous letter or conversationabout the same subject :

Further to my letter o f 5 July, I am happy t o ,Further có nhiều nghĩa:

1 ) h ỉnh thức so sánh của fa r : Nhà ga th ỉ ở xa hơn ngân hàng .

2 ) ( c h ỉ đ ứ n g t r ư ớ c d a n h t ừ ) mo r e : Bạ n c ó t h ê m c â u h ỏ i n à o k h ô n g ?

Further to ... được dùng trong các lả thư để đề cập (fến một lá thư hay cuộc trò chuyện

trước đây mà nói về cùng một chủ đề:

Theo như lá thù của ỉôi gửi vào ngày 5 tháng 7, ĩôi rất vui...

r " "

Su nshine H ol iday Cot tages

Fore S t

Truro

D ear M r El li son

F u r th e r to our te lephone conversat ion of last Fr iday, I en cl o se a chequefor £50 as a d e p o s i t for the ren ta l of Rainbow C ot tage for one week,c o m m e n c i n g 21 August. I w o u l d b e g r a t e f u l i f y o u c o u l d s en d m ef u r t h e r information about the property, in p a r t i c u l a r , w h e t h e r thereis p a rk in g n e a r b y .

We are plan ning to bring our dog. If this is a problem, please do n ’t h e s i ta te

to con tac t me .I lo o k f o r w a r d to h e a r in g fr o m y o u .

Yours sincerely

Louise Robertson

^ - —- — J

fu rther, further to

45 Mu ssel Rd

London NW4

15 April 2008



STYLES OF ENGLISH

g g Cover the let ter and answer these quest ions - Hãy che ™ bức thư lại và trả lời các câu h ỏ i.

► I s L o u i s e R o b e r t s o n g o i n g t o r e n t a c o d a g e ? " ? £ * i

1 Is t h i s t he f i rs t t i m e s h e ha s c o n t a c t e d M r E l l i s o n? ...............................

2 W h y i s s h e s e n d i n g h i m f 5 0 ? .............................

3 Will sh e b e le av in g o r a rr iv in g o n 21 A u g u s t ? ..............................

4 A r e t h e r e a n y o t h e r t h i n g s s h e n e e d s t o k n o w ? I f s o , w h a t ? .........

5 W h o s e a d d r e s s d i d s h e w r i t e o n t h e r i g h t - h a n d s i d e ? ......................

6 W h o s e a d d r e s s d i d s h e w r i t e o n t h e l e f t - h a n d s i d e ? ........................

7 D id s h e w ri te t h e d a t e ? If so , w h e r e ? ...................................................

8 W h ich b e g in n in g did sh e u s e ? ......................................................................

9 W h ich e n d in g did sh e u s e ? ..........................................................................

1 0 C o u l d s h e e n d i t T a k e c a r e , L o u i s e ’ ? W h y / W h y n o t ? ......................

© Tick ( S) the sentences that are correct and add a cross (X) to the sentences that are wrong. Hãy đánh dấu tích ( S) vào câu đúng và đánh dấu chéo (X) vào câu sai.

► If y o u ’r e w r it in g t o a f a m i ly m e m b e r , y o u c a n e n d it w i th ‘ L o v e ’

a n d y o u r s i g n a t u r e . . ^ . .

1 If yo u b e g i n ‘D e a r M a r i a ’, yo u c a n e nd it w i th ‘K i nd r e g a rd s ’ ......

2 If yo u be g i n yo u r l e de r ‘D e a r S i r ’, you c a n e n d it w i t h ‘Wi t h be s t

w i s h e s ’............

3 If y o u d o n ’t k n o w t h e n a m e o f t h e p e r s o n y o u a r e w r i ti n g t o , y o u

b e g i n ‘D e a r S ir o r M a d a m ’.............

4 If y o u w r i te ‘All th e b e s t ’ a t t h e e n d , y o u c o u l d a l s o w r it e T a k e

c a r e ’................

5 if y o u b e g i n ‘D e a r M i ss P e r i s k i c ’, y o u s h o u l d e n d ‘Y o u r s f ai th

fu lly ’........

6 ‘Y o u r s f a it h f u ll y ’ is a c o m m o n e n d i n g w h e n y o u a r e w r it in g to a

s t r a n g e r ..............




© W h ic h words are missing where the slashes (/) are? Write them at the end. Ở dấu slashes (!) từ nào b ị thiếu? Hãy viết từ đó vào ở cuối dòng.

► C o u ld y o u s e n d m e / d e ta il s o f t h e a c c o m m o d a t i o n ? . ^ * * ^ *

1 1 lo o k f o r w a r d / h e a r i n g / y o u ...................................................................

2 If th er e’ s a p ro b lem , please / h esi tate / ring m e ...........................

3 I / a p h o t o c o p y / m y i d en t it y c a r d w i th t h e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r m . .

4 Ỉ w o u ld be / if yo u / p h o n e m e ab o u t th e m e e t i n g ........................

5 F u r t h e r / y o u r l e d e r / 7 A p ri l, I w i sh to c o n f i r m m y b o o k i n g . .

6 1 w o u ld / it if / c o u ld h e lp m e ....................................................................

7 P l e a s e l et m e k n o w / p a r ti c u la r / t h e r e is a b e a c h n e a r b y .........

8 I e n c l o s e a c h e q u e f or € 3 0 a s a / fo r t h e r e n t a l o f t h e r o o m . . .

©Complete the letter - Hoàn thành bức thư,:

4 0 L in co ln Ri se , Ch u rch f i e ld , Yo rk sh i re

1 4 J a n u a r y 2 0 0 8

H o t P r o p e r t y R e n t a l s sen d m e a r ece ip t fo r t h e am o u n t en c lo sed .B a r t o n S t

I would also (6) .......... i t i f you could letW e a t h e rf ie ld

m e k n o w (7 ) ......... I wi l l be ab le to park in theD e a r M r s S t e p h e n s b a se m e n t o f th e b u ild in g . I f n o t, w il l I be ab le

(1 ) ........ t o y o u r l e t t e r o f 1 2 J a n u a r y , to f i n d p ark in g (8 ) ................?

1(2)........ a ch eq u e for R500 as a (3)If you nee d an y (9)............... in fo rm a tio n

o n F l a t 7 , W a l s in g h a m B u i ld in g s . f rom m e, p lease d on’t (10 ) .................. to cal l

As we agreed , my ren tal cont ract wi l l (4 ) m e.

Yours (11) ..................

year . I would be (5) ............ if you could J u r e k G o r z y

© T e s t yourself. Look at the glossary meanings and cover the

words. What are the words? Nhìn vào nghĩa Ở glossary và che từ lại. Những từ đó là gì?



7 9 1can understand abbreviations and short forms - Tôi có thể hiể u chữ viế t

tắ t và dạ ng rút gọ nA Numbers and measurements

S ố và đơ n vị đo lư ờ ng

STYLES OF ENGLISH__________________________________________ 413

m e t r ic w e ig h t

1 g / gin (gram) = 1000 mg (milligrams)

1000 g = 1 k g (kilo/kilogram )

1000 kg = 1 1 ( to n n e)

m e t ri c le n g th

1 cm (centimetre) = 10 mm (millimetres)

100 cm = 1 m (metre)

1000 m = 1 k m (kilom etre)

m e t r i c c a p a c i ty

1 cl (ce n tilitre) = 10 m l (m illilitres)

100 cl= 1 1 (litre)

m o n e y

U K fl ( p ou nd ) = 100 p (p e n c e ) ( asum of money);

p e n n y PI p e n n i e s (c oins)

USA $1 (d o l l a r ) = 100 c /c t (ce n t s )

s p e e d

m et r i c : 80 k p h (k ilom etres pe r hour ) = n o n -m et r i c : 50 m p h (mi les pe r hour)

o Write the correct abbreviation or symbol for each word - Hãy viết chữ viết tắt hoặc ký hiệu đúng cho mỗi từ.

► litre.!.

1 metre. . . 5 to n n e. . . 9 centimetre.. . 13g ram .. .

2 pen ce .. 6 mile s per hour... 10 milligram... 14 millimetre...

3 kilo me tre. ..7 centilitre... 11 cents... 15 pou nd. ..

4 millilitre... 8 kilog ram.. . 12 kilometres per hour... 16 dollar...

0 Complete the sentences with an appropriate measurement or amount of money - Hoàn thành câu với đơn vị đo lường hoặc sô' tiền ph ù hợp.

► F o r s a l e : 2 0 ỉ p e t r o l c a n s a t r e d u c e d p r i c e s .

1 in Italy you ca n d o a max im um spee d of 130 ........ on the motorway , or 81....




2 Y o u n e e d a p i e c e o f c a r d 2 0 ............................t h ic k .

3 T o m a k e p a s t a f o r o n e , c o o k a b o u t 7 0 - 8 0 ...............o f s p a g h e d i .

4 T h e c h e a p e s t t h i n g y o u c a n b u y i n t h e c a t i s a c o f f e e f o r 8 5 .........

B Shortened forms - Dạ ng rút gọ nTh e sh orte ne d forms in the table are used commonly in spok en English. - Các

dạ ng rú t gọn được cho trong bảng rấ t t hường được dùn g t ron g văn n ó i của

t iế n g A n h

Shor t fo rm

a d , a d v e r t

Ful l form / M eaning

advertisement

Sh or t form

p ap e r

Full form / M eaning

newspaper

p u b p u b lic h o u se FMI a place

where you can buy and

drin k alcohol and meet

friends.

deli d e lica te ssen a shop or part

of a su perm arket tha t sells

special or unusual foreign

food.

flu in flu e n z a FMI TV, telly INF te lev i s ion

gym gymnasium b oard blackboard; no tice board.

lab INF la b o ra to ry a place used

forscientific research,testing, etc.

vet veterinary surgeon, a doctor

for animals

pop (music) popular music b ik e

motorb ike

bicycle or motorbicycle

motorbicycle

fridge refrigerator p lane aeroplane

© Write the short form of these words - Hãy viết dạng rút gọn

của các từ sau đây.► t e l e v i s i o n 4 b i c y c ỉe .......... 8 n e w s p a p e r .........

1 v e t e r i n a r y s u r g e o n . . . . 5 g y m n a s i u m ....... 9 p u b l i c h o u s e ......

2 p o p u l a r m u s i c ...... 6 a e r o p l a n e ........ 10 d e l i c a t e s s e n ......

3 r e f r i g e r a t o r .......... 7 b l a c k b o a r d ........ 11 la b o r a to r y ..........




o Complete the dialogues with shortened words from th e table- Hoàn thành đoạn hộ i thoại với các từ rú t gọn được cho trong bảng.

► H a v e y o u t a k e n t h e c a t t o t h e v e t y e t ? ~ Y e s, I’m w a i ti n g f or t e s t

r e s u l t s f r o m t h e .....................

1 C ou ld y ou bu y so m e c h e e s e f rom t h e ..................1 g ot s o m e

ear l ier i t ’s in the .....................

2 Are you s t i l l l ooking for a job? ~ Yes , I ’m jus t looking a t

s o m e ....................in t h e ........................

3 D o y o u f a n c y a d r i n k a t t h e t o n i g h t ? ~ W e l l , 1 w a s p l a n n i n g t o

w a t c h t h e .....................

4 H ow a re y ou ? ~ 1 fee l awful; I th ink I’ve go t

Abbreviations - Các chữ viế t tắ t The ab brev iations m arked * are pronounced like words, egg. AID S is pronounced‘aids’. Other abbreviat ions are pronounced as individual let ters , egg. BBC is p ronounced b-b-e. I t s t a n d s f o r B ri t ish B roadcasting C orporation.

Các chữ viế t tắ t đư ợ c ký hiệ u dư ợ c phát âm giố ng như các từ , chẳ ng hạ n AID S đư ợ c phát âm ‘aids’. Các chữ viế t tắ t khác đư ợ c phát âm nỉ iư các mầ u tự riêng biệ t , chẳ ng hạ n. BBC đư ợ c phát âm fb-b-c\ Nó là chữ viế t tắ t củ a British

Broadcasting Corporation.

NATO* North Atlantic Tre aty Organization UFO* unidentified flying object

AIDS* acquired immune deficiency syndrome(often called SIDA’ in otherlanguages)

PIN* personal identificationnumber (you use thiswith a c redit card,for instance)

UEFA* Union of European FootballAssociation

VAT value added tax (a taxadded to goods and services)



416 REVIEW: STYLES OF ENGLIS11

ATM automatic teller machine (a cashmachine)

IS P inte rn et service provider, e.g. AOL

EU the European Union DVD2 digital versatile disc

UN the United Nations IT information technology

cvcu rric u lu m v i tae (a formal l ist

of your education or work experience

that you need when you apply fora job)

ID ca rd iden t i ty ca rd

(a card with your

name and photo whichis proof of who you are)

0 Complete the abbreviations. - Hoàn thành các ch ữ viết tắ t

► N A T O i s a E u r o p e a n a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a n o r g a n i z a t i o n .

1 If y ou u se an A T ..........., y o u ’ll ne e d y o u r ............. IN .

2 I f y o u a p p l y f o r a j o b , s e n d i n a c ...............

3 Í s h o w e d m y I c a r d t o th e p o l ic e .

4 Y o u h a v e t o p a y V A ............. o n t h o s e g o o d s .

5 W h o w o n t h e ( j .........A C u p l a s t y e a r ?

6 H e ’s g o o d w i th c o m p u t e r s : h e ’s in I .........

7 M il l ions a r e su ffe rin g f r o m ...........IDS in Afr ica.

8 W e w a t c h e d a D V _ a b o u t ( J F ....... s l a s t n igh t .

9 T h e r e a r e o v e r 2 5 c o u n t r i e s i n t h e ......CL

1 0 T h e .......... N i s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n .

11 A n .........S P p r o v i d e s a c c e s s t o t h e i n t e r n e a n d e m a i l .

Test yourself. Cover the full forms and meanings in the ™ tables in sections B and c, and look at the short forms

and abbreviations. What are the ful l forms? - Hãy che các dạng đầy đủ và nghĩa trong bảng ở phẩn B và c rồ i xem các dạng rú t gọ n và các ch ữ v iết tắt . Các

dạng đầy đủ đó là gì?




8 0 1can understand American English Tôi có thể hiai đư ơ c tiế ng Anh củ anợ ự òíMỷ

us English British English US English British English

c a n d y

dose!

e o o k i c s

sweets

ce l lp h o n e m o b il e (ph o ne)

cupboard

bis cuits

■'y ’vV' 7.

e lev a to r l i l i

f a u c e t hip

F ren ch f r icx ch ip s

I r u c k l o r r y

i ,... ^ " -

b i ll fo ld w a l le t

US English

a p a r t m e n t

a t to rney

da t e book

British English

flat

lawyer or

b a r r is te r diary

drugs tore chemis t

garbage/trash rubbish

ga r b a ge / tr a s h c a n dus tb in

gasoline/gas p etro l

h ig h sch oo l secondary school

Meaning

a set of rooms that is used as a home(a p a rtm e n t is sometimes used in B ritish.English for a smart holiday flat).

a lawyer, especially one who rep rese nts people in court

(b a rri s te r in British English).a book in which you write what you have todo in the future.

a shop tha t sells m edicines and oth er goods.

waste food, paper, etc. th a t you throw away.

a container outside your home, in which you put th e waste.

fuel used in a car (e.g. We stoppe d for more gas on the way.).

a school for children aged 14 to 1R (a Britis h sec (radar y school is for children aged 11 to16 or 18).




mal l shop p ing m a il /

shopping centre

shops, cinemas, etc. in a large covered area.

mo v ie th e a t e r cinema a place where you see a movie (film inB ritish English).

p u rse handbag a bag for money, keys, etc., used especially by women (in B ri tish English, a p u rs e ismainly used for carrying coins).

ra i l road railway a system of trains and the tracks on whichthey run.

round trip retu rn (ticket) a journey to a place and back.

s idewa lk pavem ent the part of the road where people walk.

store shop a shop (large or small).subway underground an underground railw ay system ,

vaca t ion holiday a period of time away from work or school,often sp ent trav elling for pleasure

s p o t l i g h t 1 highway, freeway, expressway

The American English words highway, freeway, and expressway all refer to main roads(British English) used for tri',veiling long distances. A motorway (British English) is sometimescalled an interstate (highway) in American English.

Các từ trong tiếng Anh Mỹ highway, freeway, và expressway tất cả đều chỉ main roads (tiếng Anh Anh) được dùng để chỉ việc đi 'ại ở khoảng cách rất xa. Từ motorway (tiếng Anh Anh) thỉnh thoảng được gọi là interstate (highway) trong tiêhg Anh Mỹ.

o Combine words from the box to form five more American English w ords - Hãy kết hợp các từ được cho trong khung đ ể thành íập thêm năm từ trong tiếng Anh Mỹ.

free s side cell date drug rail phone way s walk store road book

► 3 ..............1 .......... 4 ..............

2 .............. ' 5 .............

© Comp lete the, missing letters - Hoàn thành các mẫu tự bị thiếu.

► m0..vie.. 3 c ...s ..... t 6....g...s...I....e

1 g ..........b...g... 4 c ........ d y 7 t r ......... p .........t...t.........n2 ..‘.y 5 a t ........ n...y 8 b.... I I....... ...d

© Complete the American English words - Hoàn thành các từ trong tiếng Anh - Mỹ.

► What age do you start high Aíkíííệ... in America?




1 P u t t h a t s tu ff in th e t r a s h ....................

2 W e w e n t to th e m o v ie .................la st n ig ht .

3 Y o u c a n b u y t h e s e t h i n g s a t t h e d r u g ....................

4 D o y o u w a n t F r e n c h ................w i t h y o u r s t e a k ?

5 ] go on Tu esday a nd com e back on Thursday, so I’ll nee d a ro un d ...............6 W e d r o v e o v e r 2 0 0 m i l e s o n t h e i n t e r s t a t e .................

Ỡ Replace the British English words with American English words - Thay thế từ trong tiếng Anh - Anh bằng từ trong tiếng Anh - Mỹ.

► W h e n d o e s th e s h o p o p e n ? .......

1 W h e re a r e y o u g o in g for y o u r h o li d a y ) .....................2 I t ’ s u p s t a i r s , so we ’ l l n e e d t o t a k e t h e l i f t . . ...................

3 W h e r e s h al l I p u t th i s r u b b i s h ? ....................

4 She keeps the note in her handbag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 I p u t t h e a p p o i n t m e n t in m y d i a r y ......................

6 D o w e h a v e a n y m o re s w e e ts ? .........................

7 H e d r i v e s a b i g l o r r y ....................

8 W o u l d y o u l i k e a n o t h e r b i s c u i t ? ....................

9 C o u l d y o u t u r n o n t h e t a p ? ....................10 W e c a n ’t u s e t h e p a v e m e n t h e r e ......................

©A B O U T YOU Write your answers, or ask anotherstudent -Hãy viết các câu trả lời của bạn, hoặc hỏ i sinhviên khác.

1 H o w o f t e n d o y o u u s e th e s u b w a y ? ...........................................................

2 H o w o f t e n d o y o u u s e t h e r a i l r o a d ? ...........................................................

3 H ow o ft e n d o y o u g o t o a m o v ie t h e a t e r ? ..............................................4 W h a t w a s t h e l a s t m o v ie y o u s a w ? ..............................................................

5 H ow o f ten d o y o u e a t F r e n c h f r i e s ? ...........................................................

6 W h e r e d id y o u g o fo r y o u r la st v a c a t i o n ? ..............................................

7 W h e n w a s t h e la st ti m e y o u w e n t to a m a l l ? ........................................

8 W h e n d id y o u l e a v e h ig h s c h o o l ? ...............................................................

Test yourself. Cover the us and Brit ish English words

™ and look at the p ic tu res and m ean in gs . Can you remember the words? - Hãy che các từ trong tiếng An h- Mỹ và tiếng Anh - Anh rồ i xem hình và nghĩa. Bạn có

thê nhở được các từ này không?



420 REVIEW: STYLES OF ENG L1SII

Review: Styles of English Ôn tap:Các văn phong cùa tiế ng Anh

Unit 77

1 Change the underlined words to make them informal - Thayđổ i cảc từ được gạch dưởi để làm cho chúng có tỉnh trang t rọng .

► T He ll o . Sa k i .

s H e y , T o m a s ! H o w ( 1 ) a r e y o u ?

T O h , n o t b a d . W h a t V e y o u b e e n ( 2 ) d o i n g l a t e l y ?

s O h , n o th i n g ( 3 ) i m p o r t a n t .

T L i s t e n , S u k i , w h a t ' s ( 4 ) t h e m a d e r w i t h J o d i e ?

s W e ll , s h e w e n t f or t h a t j o b a t N D C , b u t t h e y ( 5 ) r e j e c t e d h e r .

T (6 ) I d o n ’t be l i e ve yo u

s N o , i t’s t ru e . S h e ( 7 ) th i n k s s o m e o n e d o e s n ’t l ik e h e r t h e r e .T T h a t ' s ( 8 ) n o n s e n s e . E v e r y o n e l i k e s J o d i e ,

s 1 k n o w . A n y w a y , t h e r e a r e ( 9) l ots of o t h e r j o b s a r o u n d

T ( 1 0 ) Ye s , y o u ’ r e r i g h t ,

s S o r r y , T o m a s , ( 1 1 ) I h a v e t o l e a v e n o w .

T O K , s e e y o u l a te r . ( 1 2 ) B y e!

2 Cross out the answ er which is not cor rect - Gạch bỏ câu

trả lời không đúng .

► These are idiomatic: a) ou t o f the b lue b) 1haven ' t a d u e c) neutra l

1 These verbs a re formal: a ) commence b) f ancy c) purchase

2 These m ean ‘go and bring

someth ing ba ck ’: a) g e t b) fetch c) reckon

3 These can m ea n ‘go odb ye’: a) hang on b) cheers c) take care

4 Th ese m ea n ‘wait’: a) hang on b) ho ld on c) h u r ry u p

5 These a re used to a ) Tel l m e a jok e b) You 're f i k in g c) You m us t

exp ress surpr i se : be joking6 These a re exam ples a ) s tu f f b) keep an eye c) s o r t o f

of vag ue language: on someone




Unit 78

1 Circ le th e cor rect word - Hãy khoanh tròn từ đúng.

► Dear ‘Hi Mr Bruzzone

1 D ea r M r /S i r o r Mrs /M ad . im

2 K i n d r e g a r d / r e g a r d s

3 Yo u r / Y o u r s f a i t h f u l l y

4 I ’d l i ke fu r the r / fu r the r t o de ta i l s .

5 I c l o s e / e n c l o s e a s e l f- a d d r e s s e d e n v e l o p e .

6 I ’ m n o t s u r e w h e t h e r / w e a t h e r i t w i l ! b e s u n n y .7 1 n e e d s o m e i n f o rm a t io n , p a r t i c u la r / in p a r t i c u l a r th e s i ze of t h e

g a r a g e .

8 I l o o k f o r w a r d t o h e a r / h e a r i n g f r o m y o u .

9 P l e a s e h e s i t a t e / d o n ’t h e s i t a te to c o n t a c t m e .

1 0 A l l t h e b e s t / A l l b e s t , J a mi l a

2. Complete the letter- Hoàn thành bức thư:

/ NH o t P r o p e r t y R e n t a ls , B a r to n S t, W e a th e r f ie ld

25 March 2008

► ...........M r Buerk

(1) ................ to your let te r of 23 Mar ch, I am w rit in g to con firm t h a t I hav ereceived yo ur cheque for £90 as a(2) .............. on Sunn yban k Villa, Southstoke,

for two week s (3)..............................1 July.You asked for (4) .detai ls about the cot tage; i t has four bedrooms,two ba throom s, a k i tchen, a s i t t ing room, and a sm al l garden. You have p a rk in g (5) ............................... , abou t 30 m fr om th e fr o n t do or.

I would be ( 6 ) .............. if you could let me know a few days before your visit(7)................ you will be us ing all four bed roo ms so th a t I can le t th e c lea ne r know. I would also (8).................i t if you could send me t he balan ce of £345 atlea st four weeks before your arr ival .

P le a?!1Won’t (9)................to contac t me if you have any (10)................questions. II look (1 1 ) ................to seeing you at Su nn yb ank Villa in July.

Yours (12)..................

J u d y K e iv e to n

Judy K elve ton

V ________________________________________________________ J




Unit 79

1 Wh at do these abbreviations stand for? - Từ viết tắt sau đây

đại diện cho từ gí?

► E( J = E u r o p e a n WsiKf;. .. . 4 VAT = v a l u e ..................

1 ID = ................ 5 c v = curriculum................

2 UN = United.............. 6 LISP = internet................

3 P I N = p e r s o n a l ................... 7 IT = ...................

2 Can you shor ten these words? If ‘Yes’, what is the sho rt form? Bạn có th ể rút gọn các từ sau kh ông? Nếu “Có ”, dạng rút gọn là gì?

► de l i ca te ssen ' ỉ fe i .Cdỉ '? ĩ ) 3 vet eri nar y su rg eon ......7 la bo ra to ry ..............

► s u p e r m a r k e t ^ ? . ............. 4 washing m achine ...... 8 recept ionist ...........

1 ref rig era tor ..................... 5 adver t i semen t ......... 9 g y m n a s i u m ............

2 wardrobe ..................... 6 influenza.............. 10 scientific .............

Unit 80

1 Com plete the table with n ine more pairs of British and American English words from the box - Hoàn thành bảng với chín cặp từ An h An h và các từ An h Mỹ ở trong khung .

► s w e e t s • ' ' s i d e w a l k

g a r b a g e d r u g s t o r e

b i s c u i t c a n d y

lift d i a r y

t r u c k r u b b i s h

p a v e m e n t c o o k i e

c h e m i s t g a s o l i n ee l e v a t o r d a t e b o o k

l o r r y c l o s e t

p e t r o l f a u c e t

t a p w a r d r o b e

B r i t i s h E n g l i s h A m e r i c a n E n g l i s h

........................

*



VOCABULARY BUILDING 423

VOCABULARY BUILDINGAl l t h e wo r d s i n b o l d a r e i n t h e u n i t s .

1 Verbs and nouns 2 Adjectives and verbs

V e r b N o u n

avoid avoidanceapprove approval brea the breathingcelebrate celebrationcommunicate communication

consider considerationcontain container criticize criticismdecorate decorationdisapprove disapprovaldivide divisionevaluate evaluationexhibit exhibitiongovern government/governor

interrupt interruptioninvestigate investigationinvolve involvementkill killing propose proposalrecognize recognitionrefer referenceremove removalrequire requirement

shoot shottrade trade, trading

~Ịẽit tpuji iety

A d j e c t i v e V e r b

amusing/amused amuse

amazing/amazed amaze

complicated complicate

concerned concern

cracked crack

delighted delight

depressed/ depressing d e p r e s s

devoted devote

frightening/ frightened frighten

irritating/irritated irritate

repeated repeat

3 Adjectives and nouns Ad jec tive Noun

accidental accidentallied allyanxious anxietyartistic artist basic basis

determineddetermination

disgusting disgustelectrical electrician/electricitymysterious mysterynational nation

proud prideregional regionsexual sexsuspicious suspicionsympathetic sympathy

thick thicknesstraditional traditionvaluable valuewealthy wealthwilling willingness



424 VOCABULARY BUILDING

4 Nouns, verbs, and adjectives

N o u n V e r b A d j e c t i v e

c o n t ra s t contrast contrastingem b ar ra s sm en t em barrass e m b a r r a s s i n g

enter ta inment entertain en te r t a in ing

d isap po in tm en t disappoint d i s a p p o i n t e d

imag ina t ion imagine imaginary

infec t ion infect i n f e c t i o u s / i n f e c t e d

impress ion impress i mp r e s s i v e

prepara tion p repare p rep ared

relation relate related

sailing, sailor sail sai l ing

separat ion separate sepa ra t e

swelling swell swol len

variation vary varied



Answer keyT

425

Unit 1

1 gist2 identify3 cons t ruct

1 g u e s s

2 gist3 recognize/know1 repet it ion

2 pronunciation

3 explanation1 s tudy it again

2 successful

3 try something

4 m a k e

5 a way of doing

6 an informal

1di scuss ion

2 opportunity3 chat

4 foreign5 context6 translate4 foreigners5 go6 note, record4 revision5 chat

something

4 works

5 chanc e

Unit 21 1encouragement

2 improving

3 accurately

2 1 get t ing bet ter

2 while3 progress

4 obvious

4 1 f luently

2 everyd ay

3 relevant

5 1detail2 inappropriate

3 complicated/complex 7 includes

4 conta in 8 range

6 A n sw e rs from ã Polish, person

I’m learning English at themoment. My goal is to speak itfluently. I want to expand myvocabu lary and be able to speak

4 frustrating

5 motivation

6 enthusiastic

5 accurately

6 is aware of

7 express8 frustrating

4 expanded5 appropriate/tight

6 aim5 expanding6 specialized

on a wide r an ge of top ics. I would

like to learn complex structuresand special ized vocabulary relevantto my job.

Unit 31 1 5 2 D 3 S 4 D 5 D 6 5 75 852 1 in stanc e 5 symbols, syllable

2 selection 6 idiom, entry

3 build, provide, related 7 collocation4 offending 8 stress

3 1 error, do sth wrong, fault2 two

3 informal4 no, it’s informal5 /gai /6 a) cor rect

b) not correct (it should be ‘Mydad earns a lot of money inhis job.’)

Unit 41 1 full stop 5 que stion ma rk

2 colon 6 exclam ation mark

3 hyph en 7 semicolon

4 bracke t s 8 apos t rophe

2 1 c o m m a2 quest ion mark

3 exclamation m ark 4 apos t rophe

5 semicolon

6 brackets

7 h y p h e n , d a s h

8 quotation marks, apostrophe, comma

4 1 list 7 su ch2 instead 8 leave

3 connec t/ jo in 9 separate/divide

4 details5 pause6 abbreviation

10 interrupt11 connect/join12 alternative



426

5 ‘C o m m a ’ an d ‘full st o p ’ are both punctuation marks.‘p.m.’is an abbreviation.‘Omit’ and ‘leave ou t’ mean thesam e thing.‘Join’and ‘connect’mean thesam e thing.‘Information’and ‘details’meanthe same thing.‘Sep ar at e’ and ‘divide’ mean thesam e thing.

6 1 ‘S h e’ ne ed s a capi ta l le tter (nota small letter).

2 A com m a is missin g after ‘tali’.3 A slash is missing between ‘in’

and ‘on’.4 A colon is missing after ‘choices’.5 A comma is missing after

‘arrived’.6 An apostrophe is missing after

‘boyfriend’ and before ‘s’.7 Co m m as are missing before and

after ‘fortunately’.

Unit 51 1 eyeb row s 5 s tubble

2 fatt ish 6 clean-s haven

3 sca r 7 in good sha pe

4 b road shou lde r s

2 ID 2S 3D 4S 5D

6D 7S 8S 9D3 1 sh ape 5 buil t

2 bald 6 skinny

3 clean 7 skin ned

4 shou lders 8 scar

4 A n s w e rs fro m an Ita lia n p e rson

1 My mothe r .

2 My father.

3 My cousin.

4 My brother .

5 My sister.

6 My aunt.

7 My whole family is dar k-sk inne d.

8 My boyfriend has a sca r on hisneck.

6 IF 2T 3F 4F5T 6F 7F 8T

7 1hair, appearance 4 smooth, rough2 tell, expecting 5 slim/slender 3 wrinkles 6 tell, tan

Unit 61 IN 2N 3P 4P

5P 6B 7N 8B2 1 e n e r g y 5 energe t ic

2 responsible 6 aggr essive

3 gene rous 7 pa t ient

4 cheerful 8 toler ant

3 If 2a 3g 4h5e 6b 7i 8d

4 honest d ishon est

responsible irresponsiblelazy hard-workinggenerous meanambi t ious unambi t ious

self-confident insecure

hones t hones tytolerant toleranceaggressive aggressionarrogant arrogancegenerous generosity patient pa t ien ce

5 1 crazy 5 self-confident2 easy-going 6 hard-working

3 sense of humour 7 responsible4 m odes t 8 ene rgy

6 A n sw e rs fr o m a G erm an p e rso n

1 Yes, I am a very am bit ious person. 1like tc do well in mostthings that 1try.2 i am a hard-w orking perso n but

1also enjoy letting my hair

down.3 i’m not an intolerant person butI do n’ like people imposingthings on me.

4 I get imp atient when pa ss po rtcontrol only has one lane openat the airport.



427

5 I’m a self-confident, easy- goin g p e rso n with a good sen se ofhumour .

6 Ỉthink honesty and tolerance arethe m ost importan t qual it ies.

Unit 7

2 dep en d on 5 fr iendship

3 antisocial 6 clos e

3 1 He’s friendly with Ru ben.

2 She never kee ps in touch. / She

doesn’t keep in touch.3 1don’t get on with my father.

4 I m ad e frie nds with her at1 a nx io us 5 heartbroken university. / We m ad e friends at

2 furious 6 fed up university.

3 astonished 7 scared stiff 5 1can rely on my boss.

4 thrilled 8 kiss/kissed 6 Donna’s an old friend.

1 de ligh ted 4 amazed 5 1 in 4 in

2 miserable 5 jealous 2 out 5 went

3 terrified 3 get 6 get

A nsw ers from a Colo m bian person 6 1 argue , row 3 split, reg re ts

1 I’d be am aze d as 1d o n ’t usually 2 know, common 4 realize, go out

study for exams! 7 1 ano ther 6 split’

2 I’d be delighted for him; after all, 2 co m m o n 7 go

he is my best friend. 3 relationship 8 regret ted

3 I’d be m iserab le, but everything 4 wrong 9 realizedha s to end s om e time, so 1would 5 argum ent / row

be fine after a while.4 I’d be furious and would

probab ly reac t violently.

5 I’d be en viou s of my fr iends whocould go out .

6 I’d be heartbroken and wouldge t an oth er girlfriend.

7 I’d be anxious as it is always hardto speak in front of people.

8 I’d be p ro ud th at I actua lly gotinto the plane in the first place.

5 1 h id e 4 mo o d y

2 sy m path etic 5 insensitive

3 sensitive

1 mood

2 upse t

3 suppor t ive

6 emot ions

4 sympathet ic

5 in

6 hurt

Unit 81 a cl os e friend, ge t on well with

som eon e , m ak e f riends, keep int o u c h, d e p e n d o n so me o n e

2 1 reliable 4 disloyal

Unit 91 1an only child 5 ge t di vo rc ed

2 half-sister 6 adopt a child3 foster par ents 7 single pa ren t

4 stepfather 8 bring somebody up2 15 2D 3S 4D

5D 6D

3 1bro ug ht 4 single2 only 5 divo rced

3 half

4 A n sw e rs fr om a S p an is h p e rson

1 1was brought up in Sa lam anca ,in Spain.

2 I’ve got a younger sister.

3 Mo, 1don’t have any half-

bro thers or -sisters.4 One of my friends is a single

parent.

5 One of my col leagues hasrecently go t divorced.

5 1 ance stors 4 relat ions

2 loo ks like 5 originally



428

3 emigra ted 6 mem ber

6 1 re la ted 4 mem ber , like

2 royal, qu ee n 5 after

3 previous

7 A n s w e rs fr o m a Japanese person1 No, i’m not related to any one

famous .

2 Yes, we have a royal family. Thecur ren t mo narch is Em perorAkihito.

3 Previous gen erat ion s of myfamily have lived in Kyoto and

Osaka in Japan .

4 ]’m often told t ha t 1look like mygr a ndm othe r .

5 I ta ke after m y da d. W e’re bothgood with our hands.

Unit 101 1anniversary 8 honeymoon correct

2 I’ve ch os en it 9 sp ee ch

3 traditional 10 gu est4 civil 11 ce re m o n y

5 br ide sma id 12 reception

6 celebrate correct 13 religion

7 wedding2 1 g ro o m 5 after

2 br idesmaid 6 bes t man

3 cho sen 7 recept ion

4 g ues ts 8 husband and wife3 1 g o o n y o ur h o n e y m o o n

2 dr ink a toast

3 wish some one a happy marr iage

4 m a k e a s pe e c h

5 b r ide and g room

6 celebrate your anniversary

7 a religious ceremony

8 the bes t m an9 a wedding recept ion

4 1 c hoos e , civil 6 gue st s

, 2 bes t 7 traditional, make

3 br idesm aids 8 toas t

4 rin gs 9 couple, honeymoon

5 recept ion 10 celebra te

5 A n sw e rs fr om a N o rw e g ia n

person

1 Yes , you can ch oo se e i ther.

2 Yes, he does, and the bride has

a bes t woman.3 Sometimes younger family

members ac t as br idesmaids .

4 Yes, they do.

5 Yes. The w eddin g traditionallytak es place in the late afternoon,and there’s often a sit-downmeal after that.

6 I t could be any number.

7 Yes, very much so. The bestman, bes t wom an, br idegroom,

b r ide’s father, and som et im esthe br ide all make speeches.After that , anyone else whowants to speak can do so, andsome guests write a song whichis performed by all the guestsfor the couple.

8 Yes, they do.9 Yes, normally the day after.10 Yes, they do.

7 1 widower 5 inherit

2 grave s tone 6 death

3 funeral 7 cem etery

4 bu ry 8 coffin

8 1 d ied 4 bur ied , c r em ated

2 will, gravestone5 widow, mourner 3 funeral, burial 6 gra ve , coffin

9 1 of 5 funeral

2 in 6 buri ed

3 widow 7 will4 de ath 8 inherited

Unit 11

1 1 s p a c e s y st em 5 s ta r p la n et2 m oo n sun 6 planes rockets

3 p la net st ar 7 earth universe /

4 stun m oo n solar system

2 1 s p a c e

2 words

3 roughly/approximately , reac h



4 fetched

5 gained

6 revolves/circli is

7 knowledge

8 satellite

4 1 exist 4 carried out2 explore 5 discovered3 invention 6 analyse

5 1scientists 4 analysis2 discovery 5 exploration3 confirmation 6 existence

6 1 exists 4 carry

2 explore 5 invented

3 satellites 6 confirmed

li t 1 2

1 1 flood 6 narrow2 high tide 7 puddle

3 shallow 8 drown

4 float 9 waterfallb surface 10 ocean

2 lc 2d 3h 4g5b 6e 7f 8a

3 1N 2Y 3Y 4Y5M 6Y 7N 8Y9N ION

4 1 on the surface 5 stream2 lake 6 drowned

3 capsized 7 shallow

4 width 8 floods5 1 b u rs t 5 lake

2 caused 6 capsized

3 deep 7 sink

4 floating 8 drowned

6 1 h orizo n 6 shore

2 rock 7 harbour

3 beach 8 cave

4 cliff 9 coast5 ship 10 bay

7 1 r ou gh 4 sandy

2 wave 5 steep

3 pro tects 6 on

Unit 131 1a gale 4 It poured for an hour

2 a frosty morning 5 fog

3 a muggy evening 61 got soaked

2 1 soaking 6 d rops

2 rainbow 7 drizzled

3 mild 8 hea twave4 bitterly 9 muggy

5 frost

4 1predic table 6 envi ronment

2 d isappear 7 pollution

3 famine 8 liquid

4 harmful 9 disease

5 a tmo sphere 10 climate5 IB 2G 3B 4B

5G 6B 7B 8B

6 1affect 5 melting

2 unpredictable 6 liquid

3 the environment 7 disappearing

4 human 8 a tm os phe re7 1extreme, climate

2 liquid, solid3 polluted, affects/affected4 predict, rise5 global, disappearing6 spread7 Polfution, harmful8 famine

8 A n sw e rs fr om ã Polish p erson

1 I’m quite worried abo ut globalwarming, but what worries memo st is the fact that scientistsand politicians talk about this problem a lot, but nothing is being done abou t it.

2 We d o n ’t have rainfo rests inPoland.

3 Summers have become warmerand winters are milder now.Also, summer starts earlier,alm ost right after winter, sosom etim es it se em s as if weha ve n’t had sp ring.

4 The chan ging of naturalhabitats , the construc t ion of



430

road s and bui ldings , and thegrowth of industry are allharming the environment .

5 Ỉthink industrial pollution is p robab ly m ost c o m m o n in

Poland.

Unit 141 volca nic eruption

tidal wave

surrounding land

s tarve to death

violent sto rm

2 1 de s truc ti on 4 sur roundings2 violence 5 d a m a g e

3 erupt ion

3 1 hurr icane, des t royed, dam aged,disaster

2 droug ht , c rops , s tarve

3 erupted, ground, lava

4 sudden, violent , typhoon

5 1strikes/hi ts 5 rescue2 collapse 6 supplie

3 trappe d 7 maintain

4 evacua te 8 fear

6 1 co llap sed 5 hit/strike2 crucial 6 death toll

3 evacua ted 7 cons iderable4 t rapped 8 rescue/save

Unit 151 1 leop ard 4 goril la 7 sna ke

2 e leph ant 5 wha le 8 shark

3 ea gle 6 sp id er 9monkey

2 ► e a g le , be e , mos qu i t o

1 leo pa rd , elep ha nt , l ion, tiger,c a me l , monke y

2 fly, bee, mosquito 5 t iger 3 gori l la , be ar 6 leopa rd

4 e leph an t 7 eag le

4 IF 2T 3F 4T5F 6 F

5 1 survival 4 poison ous

2 exp ecta ncy 5 harmful, harm less

3 weight

6 1 s urvive 3 hunt 5 up

2 average 4 sting 6 vary

7 1 cal f 5 ra t 8 herd

2 m ice 6 frog 9 turkey

3 goats 7 m ale 10 cattle

4 donke y

8 1 horse 4 cal f 7 donk ey

2 go at 5 frog 8 turkey

3 bull 6 m ou se

9 A n sw e rs from an Ita lia n person

1 In Italy, pe op le ea t horse , calf,tu rkey , donkey , cow, andfrog.

2 People keep hors es for sport andhobbies. People keep goa t sfor their milk.

Not m an y people k eep bulls .Do nke ys a re often kep t in zoos.

People use mice for animal testing.

Unit 161 1 papaya 3 thym e 5 s tone

2 sp inach 4 swee tcorn

2 In Br i ta in

art ichoke c, beetroot c , fennel R,ch ickpeas

c, celery R, broccoli c3 1 plum 3 apr icot 5 av oc ad o

2 coco nut 4 grapef ru it

4 A n s w e rs fro m a B rit ish pe rson

p a p a y a Yes, bu t no t m u ch

coco nut Yes, bu t no t m uch

raspb erries Yes

pass ion fruit Yes, but no t m u ch

p lum s Yes basi l Yes

parsley Yes

chick peas Yes , but not muchasparagus Yes

ar t ichoke Yes , but not muchsweetcorn Yes



431

fennel Yes, but not much

6 1 calf 7 oyster

2 lob ste r 8 liver

3 rabb it 9 veal

4 squid 10 sea bas s

5 kidn ey 11 m us sels

6 trout 12 salmon7 A n s w e rs from ã G erm an p erson

1 I think m os t Ge rm an s would liketo ea t a n ice p iece of veal.

2 1think salm on is the m ost popular fish in Germ any.

3 I d o n ’t ea t sea foo d, b ut 1think it

would be crab.4 1do n’t eat any seafood becau se

1don’t like the taste of it verymu c h .

5 1would never eat liver or kidney b e c a u s e 1d o n ’t like to ea t theinsides of animals .

6 Out of the five fish, the one I’mleast likely to eat is carp.

Unit 171 IB 2B 3G 4B

5B 6G 7G

2 1 on 4 of

2 on 5 on

3 up 6 of

3 1 plenty 4 diet

2 exercise 5 waste

3 cut 6 keep

5 1 pee l 5 boil

2 chop 6 fry

3 add 7 bake

4 ma sh 8 roast

6 1 recipe, ingredients 4 bake, oven

2 add 5 flour

3 pan, dish 6 stock, stir

Unit 181 1 affo rd 5 bargain

2 discount/reduction 6 c h a n g e

3 reduced 7 receipt

4 sales 8 refund

2 1 bargain 3 chan ge 5 refund2 scratch, off 4 sales

3 A n sw e rs fr om a Ja panese pe rson

1 Idon’t always look for a bargain but I'm very h ap p y when Ifind one.

2 I would ask the s ho p as sis tan twhether they have another one

in stock.

3 1check the nu m be r of notes, but1 d o n ’t ch e ck the n u m b er of

coins.

4 I often wait for the sal es. I usual ly buy my clo thes then.

5 I d o n ’t usually tak e thin gs bac kor ask for a refund, but oncethe heel c am e off a pair of bootsa few we ek s af ter I had

bought them, so 1did take those back.

4 1 €1 ,00 0,00 0.

2 €25 0 ,000 .3 Six months.

4 She didn’t l ive there, and shesold it for less money.

5 Over €5,000.

6 Yes (to the credit card company).5 1 It’s a hu ge ho us e,

2 The hou se is valued at

£2 ,0 00 ,000 . / The va lue of thehouse is £2 ,00 0 ,00 0 .

3 Rani is broke.

4 I d o n ’t own t he flat.

5 Her shoe s co st a fortune.

6 Gisela owes 1115,000.

6 1 amount , well 3 worth 5 income

2 b roke 4 huge /m ass ive

Unit 191 1 fell as leep

2 fast asleep

3 n ightmare

2 1 wake

4 go / get to sleep5 went off

6 overs lept

5 awake



432

2 sleepy/ t ired 6 yawning

3 se t, ove rs le pt 7 pyjamas, snores

4 lie-in4 have a nap, sleep like a log, suffer

from insomnia, have a

restless night, a heavy sleeper, onmy mind

5 1 nap, habi t 5 mind

2 lik e a log 6 disturbs, heavy

3 suffer from 7 exha usted

4 restless 8 lack

5 blood6 sy mp t o m

7 temporarily

8 develop

7 temporarily

8 dress ing

9 b a n d a g e

10 thoroughly

11 healed12 infection

3F 4T7F 8T

Unit 201 1 infection

2 bandage3 thoroughly

4 wound

2 1 b urn

2 running3 covered

4 prevent

5 symptoms6 wound

4 IF 2T5T 6T9F 10 T

5 1 I sli ppe d on th e ice and fell over.

2 ! kno w he slipp ed, but did hefall bac kw ard s or forwards?

3 He passed out , and when hecam e round he d idn’t knowwhere he was .

4 N obody was k il led , but three peo p le w ere in ju red in theaccident .

5 She banged he r head on thedoor and fell to the floor.

6 My finger w as b leed ing so I put

a dress ing on i t.

Unit 211 ste eri ng whe el

d o o r h a n d l e

wind screen wiper

gea r lever

number p la te

wing mirror

1 0 2 1 31 4051 61 70 81

901 brak e 6 head ligh ts

2 clutch 7 mirror

3 acce lera to r 8 w indscreenwipers

4 boot 9 horn

5 bonnet

1 p a s t 4 advice

2 faster 5 direction3 backwards 6 instead

1 p r ep a re d 4 watch

2 limit, close 5 keep

3 sk idd ed 6 rather

A n s w e rs fro m a B r it ish p e rson

1 I kno w thes e thing s, b ut i t’suseful to be reminded of them.

2 Usually I do, but 1ac cel era tequickly to overtak e.

3 No, not a lways. In supermarketca r pa rks

I g o in forw ards , then it’s easierto put things in the boot.

4 Yes. I’m afraid so - usually onmotorways.

5 1know what I’m su pp ose d to do, but in an e m e rg e n c y I m igh t pan ic and forget.

6 We don’t have much snow orice in the south of England, so1do n’t m ake prep ara t ion s for bad weather .

Unit 22

1 IB 2G5B 6G

2 1 d ue

2 conne ct ing

3 trouble, delayed

4 can ce l led

3B 4G7B

5 mean t , he ld

6 get

7 pick

8 warning



433

3 A n s w e rs fr om a B rit is h person

1 Trains are often delayed, b ec a u se of work to repair thetrack.

2 Ỉhave neve r m issed a train or a

p lan e (bu t I’ve often m issedthe ferry to France).

4 get stuck, en d up, rush hour, traffic jam , s top off, on the way, thewrong way, hire a car

5 1 trip 4 rent/hire

2 traffic jam 5 nightm are

3 over nigh t 6 via

6 1 h ired /re nte d 3 s tuck, h eavy

2 stop , way 4 trips

7 A n s w e rs fr om a B rit is h pers on

1 I hired a car in Germ any whenmy boyfriend c am e to visi t m eso we could go to the coast .

2 On really long jou rne ys , I like tostop off somewhere to havea br ea k, but mos tly I prefer to

get from A to B as quickly aspossible, SỌ long as it ’s notd a n g e r o u s .

3 1get stuck in traffic inHeadington , on the outskir ts ofOxford, every evening on myway home.

4 I so m etim es go on day t r ips toLondon or Bath.

8 1am bu lan ce 5 occ ur 2 vehicle 6 block

3 serio us 7 avoid

4 em erg enc y 8 col lide

9 1 injured 4 sk idded

2 vehicles 5 e m e r g e n cyservices

3 collided with 6 oc cu rre d

101 blocking 3 serious 5 broke down2 skid ded 4 lane 6 injured

Unit 231 1 und erwe ar

2 material

6 necklace

7 blouse

3 sleeve 8 ear ring s

4 tights 9 vest

5 sued e 10 but ton

2 IT 2T 3T 4F5T 6F 7F 8F

9T 10T3 Underwear: vest, slip, bra

Jewellery: bracelet, ring, necklace,earrings Material(s): cotton,leather, suede, silk Clothes: skirt,waistcoat, cap, blouse

4 1 ring 5 leather, silk 2 bracelet 6 ne ck

3 belts 7 slee ves4 denirn 8 material

5 Answers f rom a Pol ish person

► No , I d o n ’t t h in k I’ve ev e r

w o r n a c a p .

1 Yes, I wea r a ring on m y m iddlefinger.

2 I wear a br ace let on m y right

wrist,3 I’ve got four leather belts.

4 I’ve got seven pairs of jeans butI rarely we ar the m .

5 All of my shoes, boots,handbags , and be lt s are ma deof leathe r. I’ve go t a few silkscarves, pyjamas, and

pillowcases.

6 Yes, I 've go t lots of V-ne ckswe aters, in various colours.

7 Yes, I often w ear s ho rt sleev es.8 My favou rite m ate ria l is linen.

7 1 m a tches 5 sui ts

2 unfashionable 6 very good

3 outfit 7 acc ess orie s

4 latest, style 8 neu tral

8 1 ma t ch i ng2 elegant/stylish/fashionable

3 latest

4 suit5 versatile

6 transform s



434

6 The dentis t71

81

9 The tooth

1014 filling/check-up

5 painful, chew

6 take

7 accessor ies

8 outfit

Unit 24

1 1 T he den tis t2 The too th

31

4 The dent i s t

51

2 1 look

2 surgery

3 have

3 A n s w e rs fro m a n I ta l ian person► I d o n ’t have a che ck -up very

of ten -abo ut onc e a year .

1 I d o n ’t look forw ard to g oin g tothe d en tist b ec au se I find itvery scary.

2 My denta l s ur ge ry is in a verynice, modern buildingawithlots of rooms.

3 I had too tha che las t mon th.

4 About two years ago.

5 It’s not normally painful when I bite or chew m y food.

6 I can ' t re m em be r the las t t ime adent is took on e of m y tee th out .

Unit 25

1 1 consul t an t 6 urgent2 imm ediately 7 well en ou gh

3 reco ver 8 successful

4 pat ient 9 benefi t

5 s t ra ightaway 10 surg eon

2 1 patient 5 surgeon

2 special is t 6 nu rse

3 pat ient 7 pat ient

4 pa t i en t 8 nurse3 1 co ns ulta nt 7 r isks

2 tests 8 successful

3 ope ra t ion 9 e nough

4 urg ent 10 get over

5 s traightaw ay 11 tak e ca re6 into

4 A n sw ers fro m a G erm an person

1 Yes, I ha d m y tons ils rem ov ed in1997.

2 Yes, 1visited my mum in hospitalwhen she had an operat ion on her

ankle a few years ago.3 Nurses are there to tak e care of

you and famil ies are there tosuppo r t you.

4 Yes, you ca n se e a special is ts traighta wa y in G erm an y if youwan t to. Waiting tim e a re minimal.

5 No, you can go direct ly to a

specialist.6 It d ep en d s o n th e o pe ratio n. If i t’sa minor opera t ion, people gohome.

Unit 261 1 needle 5 a ham m er

2 sciss ors 6 a drill

3 screwd river 7 Sellotape4 rope 8 screw

2 1 tools

2 sc issors , sew, cot ton / thread

3 stick, glue

4 string

5 screwdriver, t ighten

6 hole

7 nail8 tied

4 These are p ossible

1 fix, rep air

2 faulty, not working

3 remove, replace

4 lam p, l ight bulb

5 is out of order, isn’t working

properly6 leak ing, faulty

5 1 stain s 6 wo rkin g

2 fixed 7 rep aire d

3 deco ra te 8 properly

4 repair 9 leaking

5 c r a c ke d 10 r e move



435

Unit 271 1 du st 3 grease

2 m udd y 4 vacuum

2 1 Sweep 6 mop, bucke t

2 vacuum cleaner 7 Dust, polish

3 up 8 wipe4 cloth 9 sweep

5 Do 10 Throw

3 A n sw ers fr om a Colo m bia n pers on

1 ! do the w ashin g up and I cleanmy room. E very other week 1 have to c lean the ki tchen orth e toilet.

2 If I clean the toilets myho us em ate s will clean the rest ofthe house .

Unit 281 1 fringe

2 scissors

3 hairstyle

4 hairdryer

5 parting

6 trim

7 colour

8 blow-dry2 1 Co uld you co lou r it for me ,

please?2 Sa sh a is letting her hair grow.

3 I’d like a fringe and a parting onthe right.

4 VỎ l ike a cut and blow-dry, please.

5 1want to kee p the sam e hairstyle, p lease . 6 S h e ’s going tohave/get her hai r tr imme d.

3 A n sw e rs from a s p a n b h person

1 Yes, I’m let ting m y hair gro wlonger.

2 I had my hair cut abo ut twom on t hs a go.

3 I d o n ’t hav e a fr inge . I have a

parting in th e middle.4 1go to a different ha irdr ess er’s

every t ime.

5 My m um and my s is ter have their hair coloured.

4 whistle

5 graffiti

6 depress ing

5 floors

6 money, food7 lips

8 pictures/writing

4 hurry/ rush

5 graffiti

6 depress ing

3D 4S7S 8D

Unit 291 1filthy

2 litter 3 pa ve me n t

2 1 dir ty

2 quickly3 walk

4 ground

3 1 litter

2 subway3 wonder

5 IS 255D 6S

6 1 s ub ur b2 surrounded, sham e/pi ty

3 local/handy

4 handy/convenien t

5 disadv antag e/draw bac k 6 ideal

7 A nsw ers from a Japanese pe rson

1 The a re a w here I live is built-up.I’d like to live in the country

where I could have a nice garden.2 My ho m e is surro und ed by other

houses . ’

3 There are a few con ven ienc es tores and a smal l superm ark etin the area.

4 It’s not ha nd y a t all! Th e n ea re st bus s top is 15 m in u te s ’ walk

away and the ne ares t train station

is a 15 -m inute b ike ride away.Wh erever you go, it tak es q uitea while. •

5 One of the d isadv anta ges ofwh ere I live is th at th er e is no park nearby w here children can play or where you can go for

a walk.

Unit 301 1 im press ive 4 attic 7 cur ren tly

2 cellar 5 ba se m en t 8 fea ture

3 separa te 6 spac ious

2 1 bas em en t 3 hal l 5 pa ssa ge

2 corrid or 4 drive 6 lawn



436

3 1 e n o r m o u s 4 s ta ir ca se

2 stor e 5 leads

3 tiny 6 co nv ert

4 1 d e t a c h e d 4 l e ad s 7 h u ge

2 cu rre nc y 5 cel lar 8 wall

3 dr ive 6 st o re 9 convert

5 1 fea tu res 4 s to rage

2 chim ney 5 br icks

3 original 6 roof

6 A n s w e rs fr o m ã B r it is h person

1 We do n ’t have shu t t e r s on ourwindows.

2 We do have a lawn. We sit out

on It when the weather is warm.3 Yes, th er e’s a small roo m we use

for storage and a chi ldren’s b e d ro o m .

4 We ha ve n ’t got a base m en t or acel lar , but we have got a gar agewhere we s tore our b ikes andthe dustb ins .

5 T h e re ’s a drive in front of theh o u se .

6 Most of the roo m s are qui tespa c iou s but the spa re room istiny.

Unit 31

1 1 boot 5 wood en 9 gold2 concrete 6 silver 10 pip e

3 tyre 7 wo od en 11 metal4 woollen 8 plastic

2 1 si lver, gold 4 wood, metal

2 wo od, plast ic ■5 plastic, wood,

c a r d b o a r d3 plastic, m etal 6 iron, steel,

concre te4 1pointed 6 circular 11 square

2 L-shaped 7 round 12 parallel

3 curved 8 circle 13 diamond4 rectangle 9 triangle 14 star-shaped5 vertical 10 horizontal

5 1 oval 4 squar e 7 curved

2 rectangu lar 5 tri angu lar 8 straight3 round 6 poin ted

Ì a rectangular table

2 a curved needle

3 pointed shoes

4 a t r iangular handbag

5 an oval mirror

6 a star-shaped box

Unit 321 1 notice

2 see

3 look

4 watch

2 1 c a t c h

5 g lanced a t

6 can see

7 overheard

8 hear

5 looked

2 ca n, so u n d s 6 glanced/looked

3 star ing 7 ob ser van t

4 seem /appea r 8 d i sappea red

4 1 st inks 3 b land 5 touch ed

2 dam p 4 l ike 6 rubbe d

5 1 like, like 4 touch 7 smell2 tapping 5 tapped 8 flavour, taste3 Press • 6 grabbed

Unit 331 1 five

2 the backgrou nd

3 no4 yes5 yes

6 a painting

7 in the d is tan ce /ba ckg rou nd

8 on the r ight-hand side

9 bright

10 on the lef t -hand side

2 1 no 4 da rk

2 work 5 see

3 feeling 6 light

3 1 You ca n see i t in the dis tan ce.

2 He’s lying in the bottom left-h a n d c o m e r .

3 Is it on th e r igh t-han d side ofthe paint ing?

4 Th ey ’re sit ting in the c en tre ofthe drawing.



437

5 The re are so m e t rees in the topleft-hand corner.

1 industrial 4 paint ing

2 illustrate 5 eve n

3 wa rmth 6 shade A n s w e rs fr om a Pol ish p erson

1 Ga briela Truc kler.

2 Yes, in 1995.

3 It’s an abstract painting.

4 I like th e m an y d iffere nt way Ican interpret i t , depending onm y m oo d. Ỉalso like the colours.

5 No, I don’t.

Unit 34 1 1 Yes 5 Yes

2 No 6 No

3 Yes 7 No

4 Yes 8 Yes

1 d r a g 5 smashed

2 tore up 6 squeeze3 folded 7 scratched

4 5h a k e 8 sprayed

1 s ne ez e 7 burst into tears/cry

2 breath 8 shout

3 burst out laughing 9 out loud/aloud

4 breathe in 10 silent

5 whisper 11 tears6 sigh 12 silence

A n sw e rs fr om an Ita lian p erson

1 Yesterday I heard myneig hb ou rs’ baby sc ream ing inthe night because she washungry.

2 1last bu rst out laug hing w hen Iwent to a com edy show.

3 I las t whispered to som eon ewh en I was visiting a m us eu m .

4 1las t read som ething out loudto my boy friend. It was pa rt ofa review of a film.

Unit 351 steal, comm it, att ac k, offend, obey

2 IS 2S 3D 4D5S 6S 7S 8D

3 1 violence 5 violent /serious2 a t tack ed 6 ser ious /violent ,

jail

3 stole 7 br ok en

4 Proper ty 8 minor , agains t

5 These words are wrong

1attacker 2 mug

3 breaking into4 shoplifting

5 burglary

6 1 broke, s tole, s tabb ed

2 deliberately

3 mu gged /a t tacked , shoot /kil l

4 murdering/kil l ing, sho t

5 thief/burglar

6 robbed

361 r ep or t 7 suspec t

2 Victims 8 arrest

3 investigate 9 evidence

4 fingerprints 10 charg e

5 took place 11 court

6 may1 The pol ice 5 The susp ec t

2 The suspec t 6 The victim or a witness

3 The police 7 T he su sp ec t

4 The victim 8 A witness /wi tnesses

IF 2T 3F 4F

5T 6T 7F 8T1 tried 5 se n te n c e d

2 prove 6 trial

3 prosecut ion 7 fined

4 defendant



438

Unit 371 1 allergic

2 obe s e

2 1 D i a b et es

2 allergy

3 Diseases

3 1 allergic

2 obesi ty

3 at tack

4 de p re s s e d

5 suffer

4 1 méVnory loss

2 arthritic3 brain

4 blind

5 IT 2F5F 6F

6 1 arthritis2 de a f

3 sight

3 depressed

4 diabetic

4 increased

5 dramat ic6 hear t

6 diabetic

7 breathe, lungs

8 lead, diseases

9 de c re a s e

5 s t roke

6 hea r t d isease7 disability

3T 4T7F 8T

4 me mory

5 cancer

6 hear t

Unit 381 1 F 3F 4F

4 vote

2T5T 6F

1 e le c ti ons

2 consis ts , part ies 5 represent

3 pow er 6 majori ty

A nsw ers from ã C olo m b ia n person

1 My country holds elections everyfour years .

2 The (Jribista party is in power att h e m o m e n t .

3 They ha ve b een in powe r for five years.

4 T he P res ide nt of the Republic .

5 There are m ore than 500 people

in parliament.1 public

2 impor tan t

3 deal with it

1 policy

2 c a m p a i g n

3 p e r s u a d e

4 start i t

5 c omi ng

6 d i sagree

5 aim/objective/goal

6 Opposit ion

7 focus

4 immigrants 8 need

Unit 39

1 lg 2e 3f 4b5a 6c

2 1 e n e m y 4 c a p t u re d

2 critical 5 twelve

3 sur rendered 6 explode

3 1 out 4 soldiers

2 bomb 5 control

3 battle 6 war

4 If 2h5g 6e

5 1 sides

2 ceasefire

3 leaders

4 set t lement

5 de te rmined

Unit 401 1 f, re lea se

2 a, assassina t ion

3 e, es tabl ishm ent

4 b, invasion5 d, a t t emp t

2 1assass ina ted

2 established

3 Revolution

3b 4d

7a6 unwilling

7 involved

8 c om promi s e

9 reachAiegotiate10 peace

4 defeated

5 a t tem pt

6 independence,

i nde pe nde n t

Unit 411 whole, daily, entire , nation al,

cultural

2 ID 2S 3D 4D5S 6D

3 1 cu ltu re 4 whole, international

2 pre ss , journalis t 5 declining3 published

1 sca re

2 axed

3 c lashed

4 demons t ra t ion

1 p le dg ed

6 daily

5 c la imed

6 pens ion

7 threat

5 dem ons t ra te / p ro tes t



439

2 claims

3 aid

4 scare

6 clashed

7 threatene d

8 promise

Unit 421 1 equ ivalen t 5 award

2 pro du ce 6 achieve

3 sup po rt ing role 7 winner

4 individual 8 prize

2 IF 2F 3T 4F5T 6F 7T 8F9T 10T

3 1 winner 5 role

2 ach ieve 6 award

3 leadin g 7 equivalent

4 pr od uc ed 8 individual

5 IP 2M 3P 4N5N 6P 7ỈS

6 1 indeed 4 ext raordinary

2 plot 5 suitable

3 movie 6 perform ance

7 1 enter ta ining

2 ext raordinary performance

3 disappointing indeed

4 fan5 moving

8 A n sw e rs fro m a S pan is h person

1 The Bourne U l tima tum is a reallyentertaining film.

2 Nicole Kidman gave anextraordinary perform ance inThe Others.

3 1thought M us ic and Ly r ics wasvery disappoint ing indeed.

4 I’m a fan of Brad Pitt.

5 Life is Beautiful was very moving.

Unit 431 1 D 2S

6D5S 9D

1styles

2 abs t rac t

3 t echniqu es

3D7D

4S8S

6 watercolours

7 portrait/fainting

8 masterpiece

4 oils

5 vary

4 1 c a m e r a

2 lens

9 display

10 exhibitions

5 a film

6 of film

3 ph otog rap her 7 f lash

4 focus 8 albu m

5 1 She can develop f ilms in her studio.

2 i put the ph oto in the f ram e.

3 Can 1have two prints of thisnegative please?

4 He focused on the girl in theforeground .

5 Am ateur pho tograp hers o f ten buy autom atic ca m e ra s .

6 You can transfer the pictu res tothe com pute r .

6 A n sw e rs from a B rit is h person

1 I’m intereste d in takin g p h o to g rap h s of beautifulscenery and wildlife.

2 I hav e a new Ja p a n es e digitalcamera .

3 It ha s a digital .screen and a verygoo d ‘zo om ’ feature .

4 I find it hard to stop my ha nd ssha kin g wh en ! ti y to take photos at night without the flash.

Unit 441 1 violin/violinist

2 organ/organis t

3 t rumpet / t rumpete r

4 gu itar/guitarist

5 saxophone / saxophonis t

6 cello/cellist

7 flute/flautist

2 1 orches t ra 5 songwr it e r

2 guitar, band, lead 6 player 3 ins t rument 7 music ians

4 c om pos e r s 8 c ondu c t o r

4 1 lyrics 5 living

2 solo 6 melo dy

3 live 7 ap pe al s



440

4 voice

5 1 in fluenced

2 re lease

3 recorded

4 record ing

5 solo

6 albums

7 appeals

8 admire

4 standard, pool, long, wide,minimum, depth , maximum

6 A n s w e rs fro m a Japanese person

1 I like M arc us Miller very m uch .

2 His music has been influenced by J a c o Pastorius.

3 He records his own music butsometimes writes for other people.

4 He often do es live co nc ert s. Ihav e s ee n him play live inOsa ka several t imes.

5 The last album he released wascalled ‘F re e’.

6 I like his musi c b e c au se he is agen ius and the rhy thm s he plays are bril liant.

451 gol fer 5 rugby player

2 athlete 6 skier

3 boxer 7 g y m n as t

4 racing driver

1 c a p ta i n

2 referee

3 suppor t4 umpire

5 s u p p o r t e r s

1 re fe re e 5 fans2 l inesman 6 crowd

3 flag 7 pitch

4 co m m en ta to r 8 m an ag er

1 le ng th 5 dep th

2 track 6 construc tion3 width 7 lap

4 m a x i m u m

1 con struc t , s tadium, capa city

2 laps, Circuit, t rack, con struc ted

3 Cham pionship , worldwide,

Unit 4f>

1 1 gym nastics 4 cycling2 weightlifting 5 athletics

3 fencing 6 wrestling

2 1 took par t 4 takes p lace

2 take part, participate 5 race, medal

3 record 6 hold

3 1 take 4 competitors, profess ionals

2 co m p e te 5 race3 record 6medal, competition

5 1 a c h ie v e m e nt 5 brilliant

2,<;ritieize 6 favourite

3 resistance 7 defeat sb

4 praise

6 1 co n tes t 4 favourite, sided

2 overall 5 critical

3 ach ievem ent 6 opponent, semi

courts

Unit 471 1 Fic tion : mu rder mys tery, novel,

sci-fi Non-fiction:autobiography, manual, reference book, encycloped ia , b iography

2 1 encycloped ia 5 mys tery2 poe t ry /poem s 6 a lphabet

3 re ference 7 autobiography

4 pleasure 8 manual

4 1 at tent ion 4 readab le

2 well known 5 pa pe rb ac k

3 cha pter 6 browsing

5 1 au thor 5 cha p ter

2 attention 6 fascinating3 title 7 co ve r

4 pap erb ack 8 wri tten

6 A n sw e rs fro m a P olish p erson

1 I like de tec tive storie s and biographies.

2 1use lots of different dictionaries.



441

3 I us ed to w hen I wa s you ng erand had m ore free t ime,

4 Mo, not really.

5 1have mo re pape rb acks than

ha rdb acks because they a recheaper, but also because many bo ok s only c o m e out in p ap e rb ac k .

Unit 481 1illu mi nat ed 5 festival

2 Carnival 6 fireworks

3 app roach ed 7 tons

4 spec tacular 8 b lossom

2 lc 2b 3h 4d5i 6f 7a 8g

3 1participated 4 striking

2 dres s up 5 occasion

3 il luminated 6 neighbourhood

4 1festival, carnival 5 dr es se d up

2 para de 6 occasions ,

fireworks3 enter ta inm ent 7 m ean

4 tak en part 8 partic ipate

5 A nsw ers f rom a German pe rson

1 T he ‘O kto be rfe st’ in Munich is avery impor tant and popularfestival. It was originally aha rve st festival.

2 Mo, they don’t.3 Yes. The re ar e lots of local ban ds

playing an d th e re ’s afairground.

4 No, 1ha ve n’t take n part in a parade.

5 Yes, at ‘F as ch in g ’ in Feb rua ry,when 1was smal l, my m umd r e s se d m e u p as a mo u se

6 Yes, on New Year’s Eve.7 Not really, bu t I can un der stan d

wh y a lot of pe op le like tradition.

8 Yes, I’d like to participate in ‘LaTomatina because 1think i twould be a lot of fun throwingtom atoe s a t o ther people!

Unit 491 1 invigilator 4 at t i tude

2 success 5 follow

3 succeed 6 disqualified

2 1 a t ti tude 8 essential2 instructions 9 carefully

3 invigilator 10 devo tes

4 chea t ing 1 1 p la n ni ng

5 disqualified 12 examiner

6 item 13 relief

7 paper

Unit 501 The people are 4, 5, 6, and 9.

2 1a t t end 6 widely

2 seminars 7 academic

3 lectures 8 as se s sme n t

4 notes 9 g radua te

5 tutor

4 1 opportun ity 5 m a n a g e

2 on time 6 in time3 freedom 7 homesick

4 revision

5 1 a wa y 4 loans

2 residence 5 scholarship

3 tuition 6 chance

6 A n s w e r s f rom a n I ta lian person

1 Stud ents usually live at hom e,

unless the y go to university inano ther c ity.

2 Som e s tud en ts l ive in halls ofres idence , but m ost of themlive in shared flats or houses.

3 Yes, they do have to pay tuitionfees unless they receive ascholarship.

4 Normally they d o n ’t have io take

out loans because their pa re n ts help them .

5 Yes, scholarships are available.

6 It would bẹ great to have thechance to s tudy abroad.



442

Unit 511 1 application , assessment,

conf irmat ion, acknowledgem ent ,interview

2 1 They said the y’d con tact to me.

2 Is sh e a pply ing for a job?

3 Have you got a work permit?

4 The c om pa ny is based in Tokyo.

5 He gave m e som e good advice .

6 She gav e m e feedb ack after theinterview.

7 1have to confirm it in writing.

8 If you a pp ly for a job, it’s qu ite a

long process .3 1 r e que s t e d 4 r e qu i re

2 posit ion 5 sub ject to

3 attended

4 1 b a s e d 6 c a n d id a te s

2 ackn ow ledge 7 vacanc ies

3 confirm ation 8 give

4 c o n ta c t 9 apply, application

5 automatically 10 pr oc ess

5 A n s w e rs fro m a G erm an p erson

1 I’ve app lied for the following jobsin the past: a paper-boy, a

lighting tec hni cia n in a nightclub,an optician, a nd an IT specialist.

2 1think I’ve had m ore than twentyinterviews in my life.

3 Yes, interviewers usually givefeed bac k af ter an interview.

4 I’ve bee n the succe ssfulcandidate five times.

5 My referees were my previoussupervisors .

6 No, I’ve nev er had to ge t a work perm it b e c a u s e I’ve alwayswo rked in the E uro pe an (Jnion.

Unit 521 1 tr a in in g

2 military

3 retail

4 eng ineer ing

5 manufacturing

6 m a n a g e m e n t

7 finance

8 recrui tment

2 1 sector 5 qualifications

2 m ana gem ent 6 p rofess ion

3 ex pe rien ce 7 military

4 training

3 A n s w e r fr o m a C o lo m b ia n person1 ha ve s o m e m a n a g e m e n texp erien ce. And 1worked in retailwhen 1was you ng er . I d o n ’t haveexp er ience in any of the oth erfields.

3F7T

41IF 215T 61

1 es ta te t ravel

2 le nding land3 p r o duc e s p r oduc t s

4 s ervant service

5 experts imports

6 take s ca re for take s ca re of /ca res for

7 r-epre se nt-ants rep res en tativ es/reps

Unit 531 IS 2D

5S 6S9D

2 1 cha l leng ing

2 de pa r tm e n t

3 prospec ts

4 promoted

3D7D

4S8S

5 e lsewhere

6 une m ploye d

7 sack/fire

8 resign/quit3 A n s w e rs fr o m a B r it ish p e rson

1 My job is ver y ch all en gin g.

2 In fact I’ve al rea dy tran sfer redf rom another depar tm ent .

3 1have reasonable prospects inmy job.

4 I’m not thinking about promotion at the m o m e n t as my

job is a lready challeng ingenough!

5 No, I’m n ot b or ed , s o I w o n ’t belooking elsewhere.

6 No, I’ve never beenunemployed .



443

7 I would h ate to hav e to sacks ome one .

8 Yes, 1would definitelyres ign if I sta rte d to h ate my job.

4 1 I’d like to m ak e an enquiry aboutthe club.

2 I talke d to her face- to-face.

3 It’s very ha rd to deal with thissituation.

4 Who’s in charge of thisde pa r t me n t ?

5 You have to m ak e sure the dooris locked .

6 W e’re not resp onsib le for thecleaning.

7 Do you know how to solve the problem ?

8 1want to mak e a complaint aboutthe service,

5 Text A

1 du ties 4 res pon sible

2 enqu iries 5 sure3 solut ions

Text B

6 inv olv es 10 responsibility

7 public 11 deal8 hand ling 12 com plaints

9 clerical

Unit 541 1 trad e 5 overt ime

2 strike 6 tak es, off

3 bo nus 7 s tress

4 working condi t ions

2 1 is she a m em ber of a t radeunion?

2 Are we entitled to sick pay?

3 I’d like to take a week off.4 Why don’t you like shift work?

5 I left on ti m e tod ay; 1di d n’t doovert ime.

6 Why did the workers go onstrike?

3 A n s w e rs fr om a B ritis h person

1 Yes, it is very stressful.

2 We get 25 da y s’ holiday ea chyear.

3 ho, we don’t do shift work.

4 Yes, I reg ularly wo rk ov erti m e.5 We som etime s get a small b onus

if the year has been goodfinancially.

6 Yes, we are entitled to sick pay.

7 Yes, we have a trade union,which we have a right to join.

8 It is very rare for pe op le at m y p lace of work to go on strike.

Unit 551 l e 2i

5a 6b

2 1 t u rnove r

2 flow

3 rate

4 tax profit

3g 4c7d 8h

5 inflation6 took out, loan7 costs, loss8 finance/start /

ope ra t e4 1 grew/ro se s ignificantly

2 rose gradually

3 feil slightly4 s tab le /unchang ed

5 risen steadily

5 1 s ha rp ly 5 by

2 rise 6 fall/drop

3 pea k 7 fluctuated4 gone 8 s t ab le /unchanged

6 1 rose s lightly

2 sharp rise/ increase

3 remained s t ab le /unchanged

4 fell slightly

5 fell sharply

Unit 561 asset, go od s, stoc k

2 1 up the bus iness 4 qual ity

2 of bus iness 5 e mp l oye r

3 supp lier 6 her on. 3 1 research

2 assets



444

3 rivals

4 e m p loys

5 optimistic/ambitious, est imates

4 1 t a ke ove r 4 l ea de r

2 rep uta tio n 5 survival3 break even 6 s t ruggle

5 1 sh are 4 growth, market

2 shares 5 taken

3 brand 6 gained

Unit 571 1 1993.

2 Be cau se surf ing was a seasonal business.

3 b) it had to gi^/e protection

c) it had to retain heat

4 He did som e research.

5 He took out a bank loan.

6 It’s crucial to have a goodrelationship.

7 Feedback f rom his cus tomers .

8 A good par tnership withsuppliers.

2 1 co nt rac t 5 innovate

2 retain 6 diversify

3 crucial 7 par tn ership

4 feed bac k 8 potent ia l

3 1 exploit

2 B o th a n swe rs a re co r re c t

3 potential4 a da p t

5 B o t h a n sw e rs a re co r re c t

6 founded

7 inves tment

8 Both answ ers a re co r rec t .

4 1 g a p 6 a h e a d

2 case 7 con t r ac t

3 producers/manufacturers 8 retain/kee4 r esea rch 9 f ac tor

5 inves t 10 diversify

2 1 s e c to r

2 demand3 s t rengths

4 threat

5 resources3 1 skills 4 reduce

2 advertise 5 weaknesses3 d e m a n d / m a r k e t

4 If 2e 3a 4c 5b5 1 strate gy 4 da ta/fa cts

2 obj ectiv e 5 realistic

3 resp on se 6 t ip

6 1 i gn o re d 4 t ar ge t2 forecast 5 gathered3 assum e

Unit 591 1 a lm o st

2 probably

3 may

4 possible

5 think/believe

6 probably

7 don’t

8 bad

Unit 581 1G

5B2G6G

3B 4G

2 1 S he ’s bound to pass.

2 Sh e’ll prob ably pass. / Sh e ’slikely to pass. / 1expec t s h e ’ll

p ass .

3 She m ay/m ight pass .

4 I doubt (if/that) she’ll pass. /S h e’s unlikely to pass.

5 -She’ll definite ly fail.

3 A n s w e r fro m a Jap an e se p e rson Next week, I’m definitely going togo to a salsa p ar ty on Sund'byevening. It’s a go od c ha nc e for meto let off ste am . How ever,the good dancers are unl ikely todance with someone l ike mewho isn’ t very good, al though 1expec t so me of them will ask

me to dan ce anyway. Otherwise 1will be standing alone in thecorner for hours and it will be adisaster! But maybe I’m toopessimistic.

My friend and 1m ight g o ou t for adrink afterwards. There I’m



445

l ikely to ask her advice ab out the boy I fancy, even though Idoubt she has a good opinion ofhim.

B ho, what about the s ta t ioni ns t e a d?

6 As an alternative, we could m ee ton Tuesday.

Unit 601 1 in co m pa riso n 4 main

2 apart from 5 c ompa re d

3 alike 6 identical

2 1 similar 5 greedy

2 Compared 6 alike completely3 similarity 7 apart

4 exc ept 8 difference

3 A n s w e rs from ã B riti sh pers on Oxford and Cam bridge are a l ikein many ways. They both havefamous universi t ies , and many beautiful old buildings. Anothersimilarity is tha t it tak es a bo ut anhour to get to London on thetrain. However, ap art from theuniversi t ies , there is one main

difference . Compared wi thCambridge, Oxford is verycosmopol i tan.

Unit 611 1 m ean t

2 busy3 What

4 free (to see you)

5 put it off

6 for exam ple/for instance

7 Are you able to com e

8 me e t

9 I’m afraid2 1 Shall we ge t tog eth er for a

meet ing?

2 I’ll tell you definitely tomorrow.

3 1could put th e m eetin g off untilFriday...

4 I’m afraid b ut I’m tied up then. ORI’m sorry b ut I’m tied up then.

5 A Let’s m ee t at a restauran t ,s a y ?

Unit 621 Like very much: m ad abo ut, crazy

about , adore

Like: fond of, keen on

Dislike very m uch : dete st, loathe,can’t bear, not like at all

2 1 I’m fond of ...2 Í c a n ’t st ạnd ...

3 1loathe cooking . . .4 I’m mad about . . .

5 I c a n ’t b e a r .

6 I d e te s t . ..

7 i adore eating ...

8 i’m crazy about ...

9 Recently, I've got to like ...

10 I’d rather eat ... tha.’>...

3 A n sw ers from ã Polish person1 c hoc o la t e c a ke

2 cigare tte sm oke

3 liver 4 reading5 people who smoke in my

presence

6 waiting in de pa rtu re loung es atairports

7 white cho cola te

8 travelling to new places

9 mussels

10 fish, meat

Unit 631 1 What do you th ink of thi s idea?

2 Personally , 1think it’s a goo didea.

3 I agree with it in principle.

4 I t seems to me we have nochoice.

5 If you ask me , it was a disa ster.



446

2 1 It see m s to me we shou ld do 5 IS 2D 3S 4D

someth ing . 5D 6S 7S 8S

2 How do you feel about that? 6 1 let 6 c o mp u l so r y /

3 In my opinion, we should help 2 choice obligatory, choice

them. 3 allowed, forbidden 7 allowed/

4 I’m to blame. p erm itted5 I re ck o n it’ll be a pr ob lem . 4 up 8 option

3 1 Apparently, fault 4 point 5 opt ional

2 c o n c e r n e d 5 principleAheory

3 issues U n i t 6 54 1 se ns ib l e 4 suppor t 1 ID 2S 3D 4D

2 cons ide r 5 believe 5S 6S3 reduce 6 proposa l 2 1 m a k in g 6 wrong

5 1 ag ai ns t 5 silly 2 intend 7 fact2 reduce 6 favour 3 hoping 8 sm ooth ly3 o p p o se d 7 d e p e n d e n t 4 expec t ing 9 forward4 believe/think 8 ma tu re 5 intention

Unit 641 1 force to you

2 to

3 be

2 1 b eh av e d

2 allowed

3 disobedient

3 1 o b e di en t

2 d i sobeyed

4 1 1do ub t it. 5 I’m afraid so

4 with :

5 to

6 on

4 banned

5 p u n i sh me n t

6 behaviour

2 I’m afraid not. 6 1hope not

3 Ỉdo n ’t think s o

4 1guess so .

5 1 im ag ine so2 think so

3 hope not

4 afraid not

. 7 Definitely not

5 assume so6 doubt it /d on’t

think so

7 Definitely

8 su p p o se so

3 strict Unit 664 force 1 Id 2f 3g 4b5 behave 5a 6e

4 A n s w e rs fro m an I ta l ian pe rson 2 1 dissat isf ied, com plaine d

► Yes, they were allowed to wear make-up.

1 Yes. I was a quie t and o bedientchild.

2 If you d iso be ye d th e rules, youwould h ave to s t and ou t s idethe c la ss room .

3 The rules w ere no t tha t st rict .

4 The te ac he rs d idn’t force me todo any thin g I did n’t wan t to do.

5 I think chi ldre n p roba bly b e h a v e d m u c h b e t te r th enc o m p a r e d t o n ow a d a ys .

2 gua ran tee

3 point

4 back

5 writing

6 keep / s tay , t emp er

7 expert

8 cons ide red

ment ion1 fed

2 bother

3 nu i sance

4 spoilt /ruined

5 bother

6 join

7 bothered

8 men t ioned

6 A n s w e rs fro m a G erm an p e rson



447

1 Yes, I’m fed up with the traffic inthe m orn ing when I drive towork; it’s so busy.

2 So m eti m es the small child livingabove us can be a bit ioud

and that gets on my nerves .3 I d o n ’t te nd to m oa n a lot;however, postal strikes are a realinconvenience to me and others,

4 Shopping in town on a Saturdaycan be a real nightmare, asit’s so crowded.

5 I 'm not particularly b otheredab ou t m y level of English at the

m om ent ; however , do try toimprove constantly.

Unit 671 1 Do you nee d any ass is tance?

2 Caution. If sy m pto m s continue,seek medical help. OR Seek

medical help if symptoms continue.

3 B ew are of the dog; it bites.

4 Warning. Don’t cross when the barrier is down.

5 In c a s e of fire, le ave the buildingimmediately.

6 Ring the police in case ofemergency . OR

3 1 c los e /s hu t

2 she couldn’ t3 was terrible/bad/dread ful

4 d id n’t have

5 get in / get into / enter

6 they aren’t / they’re not4 le 2i 3b 4c

5d 6f 7a 8h5 1desp i t e

2 that

3 Ho wever/Nevertheless

4 though/however

5 although/though

6 spite, still7 even

8 Despite

6 15 2D 3D 4S5D 6S

7 1 as long as 4 whereas

2 so that 5 in ca se

3 On the one hand 6 otherwise

Unit 691 Syno nym s: curio us/s trang e, fair /

reason able, essential/vital

Opposites: modern/old-fashioned, po li te /rude, busy /d eser ted ,rural /urban

In ca se of eme rgen cy, r ing the 2 15 2D 35 4D police. 5S 6S 7D

2 1 swal lows 5 warned, danger 3 1 c ur io u s 4 reasonable2 Beware, ca se 6 careful, aircraft 2 rural /remote 5 imp ressed

3 Mind 7 assis tance 3 suspicious 6 overall

4 out 8 premises 5 1 s ho ck ed 4 terrifying

2 satisfied 5 disgust ing

Unit 68 3 disappointing 6 e mba r r a s s e d

1 1 as a result 5 plus 6 1 a m u si ng 5 disgust ing

2 wha t’s mo re 6 Since 2 em bar ras s ing 6 a nna z e d /

3 due to 7 Moreover as ton i shed4 therefore 8 Furthermore 3 shocking 7 alarming

2 REASON: du e to , s ince 4 disappointed 8 satisfied

RESULT: therefo re, as a result 8 1 i n ad e q u at e 6 co m m o n

ADDITION: what’s more, plus, 2 soft 7 ineffective

moreover , fu r the rmore 3 inefficient 8 unexpec ted



448

4 spac ious 9 pe rm anen t

5 artificial

9 1 mixed 6 eff ic ient

2 ra re 7 ade qu ate

3 g lad 8 modern/contem poran

4 fashion ed 9 negat ive5 une xpe cted 10 temp orary

Unit 701 over 8, the rea r 6, bes ide 4,

3 with

4 on

5 of 5 1 c o pe

2 rid

depends3 care

involved

4 mos t

8 to

9 of

5 look

6

7

8 disapprove

b en e a th 1, onto 7, the e d g e 5, Unit 72a m o n g 2 1 1 u nk in d 1 non-smoking

2 i onto 5 over 2 non-alcoholic 8 insecure

2 amo ng 6 back 3 illegal 9 irregular 3 over, beside 7 edg e 4 irresponsible 10 d ish on es t

4 underneath/beneath 8 beyond 5 uncertain 11 irrelevant

3 1 n o w ad ay s 6 informal

2 lasted 2 1 immoral 4 insecure

3 occasion al ly / now and again 2 n on -a lc oh ol ic 5 u nfa ir /

4 Meanwhile unaccep tab le

5 th roughou t 3 irrelevant 6 disloyal

6 eventually 3 1 unfai r 4 illegible4 1 y et : rece ntly / not long ago 2 unacceptable 5 illegal2 recent , dur ing 3 disloyal

Dver, go A nsw ers fr om a Colo m bia n pers on

4 last , already

5 occasiona l ly / now and aga in /from t ime to t ime, durin g/

th roughou t

Unit 71

1 in ge ne ra l, in private, in public

at least, at first

by c h a n c e

on purpose , on board

2 1 In ge ne ral 4 At the end

2 on pu rpo se 5 in cha rge of

3 on b o ard 6 in a hurryAush

3 1 in 4 by

2 in 5 in

3 At

4 1 of 6 on

2 in/with 7 of

1 Life is always unfair, but knowingtha t m ean s tha t 1do notexpect anything marvel lous tohapp en and have the re fo re

b eco m e cynical.

2 It has always been acce ptab le tothem and unaccep tab le toothers and it will remain so.

3 My friends tend to be loyal but adisloyal friend can alwaysap pe ar loyal at first.

4 My handwriting is probably theclear est sign of a confusedmind! Even I can’t read it — it iscompletely illegible.

5 I thin k it 5hou!d be lega l. I learn tto drive when I was 17 anddid n’t have an a ccid en t for thefirst four ye ars .



449

4 1 a, c 3 b, c 5 a, c Unit 742 a, b 4 a, b 6 a, b 1 1 d 2a 3b 4c

5 1 Unw rap the present . Wrap (up) 5a 6bthe present . 2 1 enable 3 imagine 5 reminds

2 Lock the su i tcase. Unlock the 2 intend 4 warned 6 mindsuitcase. 3 1 f 2g 3a 4c

3 Get dressed . Get undressed . 5b 6d

4 Pack your suitcase. Unpack your 4 A n sw e rs from a S p an is h p e rso n

sui tcase.

5 Do up your shirt. CJndo yourshirt.

6 Tie up / Do up your sho elaces.Untie / Undo y our shoelac es.

Unit 731 ge nt leness , kindness,

disappearance, extension, reality,

p re fe rence , ju d g em en t

2 1 re ac t reactio n

2 prefer preferenc e

3 cruel cruelty

4 define definition5 interpret interpretat ion

6 m e a s u r e m e a s u re m e n t

7 extend extension

3 1 m e a su r e m e n t s 5 r ea ct io n

2 crue l ty 6 judge m ent

3 reality 7 pre fere nce

4 d isappearance 8 extension

4 1 waterp roof 5 pract ical2 careful, careless 6 w ash ab le

3 cre am y 7 powerful , pow erless

4 h u m o r o u s

5 1G 2G 3B 4G5G 6G 7B

6 1 harmful

2 ridiculous3 useless/ridiculous

4 pract ical /useful /economical

5 fashionable

6 economica l

7 painful

8 spicy

1 1m an ag ed to cyc le up a steephill last week.

2 I inte nd ed to call m y s isterye ste rda y but I forgot.

3 1regre t miss ing a cha nce to buy

a house a co uple of years ago.4 Í refused to go on a bu sin ess trip

recently.

5 My d a d p e r su a d e d me to buy acar last year.

6 My mum warned me not tospend too much on m y c red itcard.

7 I’m ple ased to say no o ne h as

b lam ed m e for any thingrecently.

8 My mum remind ed m e to callmy sister today!

Unit 751 1R 2R

5R 6W

2 1 takes a f te r 2 made i t up

3 get on with

3 1 up 3 on

2 out 4 over

5 1 l eave ou t

2 ge t through

♦ 3 w ork ou t

6 1 o ut 4 o n2 through, on 5 off 3 back 6 on

3W 4W7R

4 runs out5 switched on6 give away

5 on, with

6 out of

4 go over

5 get t ing on

6 go on / carry on

7 back 8 up, down

Unit 761 1 T h ey ’re highly intelligent boy s.



450

2 It’s bitterly co ld ou tside .

3 That m an is completely/totallymad .

4 Paula’s been seriously ill.

5 Their profits ha ve fallen sharply.6 We despera te ly need to earnmo r e mo n e y.

7 It wa s totally/c om pletelyunn ecessa ry to do that .

2 1 rise n 4 travel led2 injured 5 feel3 so rr y, fo rg ot 6 convinced/sure

3 1 vital ly 4 com pletely/

totally2 highly 5 bitterly

3 desp erately 6 terr ibly

4 IS 25 3D 4S5D 6S 75 8S

5 1 On the whole 5 ra ther

2 mainly/mo stly 6 actually

3 appro xim ately/abo ut 7 rarely

4 largely/m ostly 8 fairly

Unit 771 II 2F

5N 61

2 1 f etc h

2 c o m m e n c e

3 stuff

31 4F7N

4 p u r c h a se

5 ou t of the blue

6 keep an eye on

3 1 of 3 stuf f 5 tu rn ed2 vag ue 4 idiom 6 sort, neutral

4 ID 2S 3S 4D5S 6S 7D

5 1 Yeah

2 Hang on. / Hold on.

3 What’s up?

4 I h a v e n ’t a clue .

5 How ar e thi ng s? / Ho w’s itgo ing?

6 What’ve you been up to?

7 Cheers .

6 1 ca re 4 up, hang/ho ld

2 going 5 to

3 give/ lend, problem

8 lg 2c 3f 4b5a 6d

9 1 joking

2 disaster

3 tent4 loads/lots/masses, nonsense/rubbish

5 better 7 picking

6 for 8 like

Unit 781 1 Mo.

2 As a dep osi t for the c ot tage.3 Arriving.

4 Yes, she wan ts to know w hetherthere is parking nearby.

5 Her own address.

6 Mr Ellison’s ad dr ess .

7 Yes, she wrote the dateunde rnea th he r address .

8 Dear Mr Ellison

9 Yours sincerely

10 No, because it’s a formal letter.

2 1 / 2x 3 ^ 4 ^5 x 6 ^

3 1 I look forward to hearing fromyou.

2 If th ere ’s a p roble m, pleas e d on ’thesitate to ring me.

3 I en clo se a ph oto co py of myidentity car d with the applicationform.

4 I would be g rat efu l if you could p h o n e m e ab o u t th e m eeting .

5 Further to your letter of 7 April,1wish to confirm my booking.

61 would ap pr ec iate it if you coul

help me.7 Please let me know in particular

w he the r / if there i s a beachnearby.

8 I enclose a cheque for €30 as a deposit for the rental

of the room.



451

4 1 F ur t her 7 w he the r 2 subwa y 6 gasoline

2 en clo se 8 nearby / close by 3 closet 7 transporta tion

3 dep osi t 9 further 4 ca nd y 8 billfold

4 co m m en ce 10 hesi ta te 3 1 can 4 f ries

5 grate ful 11 sincer ely 2 thea ter 5 trip6 apprecia te 3 s tore 6 highway

4 1 hallway vacat ion

Unit 79 2 lift elevato r

1 1 m 7 cl 13 g/gm 3 rulab- ish gar bag e/ t rash

2 p 8 kg 14 m m 4 handbag purse

3 km 9 cm 15 £ 5 diary datebo ok

4 ml 10 m g 16 $ 6 sweets cand y

5 t 11 c /c t 7 tarry truck 6 m ph 12 kph 8 biscuit coo kie

2 1 kph , mp h 3 gm 9 tap faucet

2 m m 4 p OR c/c t 10 pavem ent s idewalk

3 1vet 5 gym 9 pub 5 A n sw ers fro m a Japanese person

2 pop / pop music 6 plane 10 deli 1 1do n’t of ten use the subway. 1

3 fridge 7 bo ar d 11 lab use it a few tim es a m onth .

4 bike 8 pape r 2 Ịuse th e railroad twice a day,

4 ► labevery day, to co m m ute to work.

3 I go to a movie the ate r ab ou t1 deli, fridge 3 pub, TV/telly twice a month.2 ads, p ap er 4 flu 4 The last movie 1saw was Mo

5 1 ATM, PIN 5GEFA 9 EG Reseruations.2 cv 6 IT 10 UN 5 1som et imes ea t Frenc h fries3 ID 7 AIDS 11 ISP when 1go for a bee r with friends.4 VAT 8 DVD, UF Os 6 1went to Seoul on my last

vacation.

Unit 80 7 The last time 1went to a mall wa s1 1 sidewalk 3 datebook 5 railroad about two m onth s ago .

2 ce l lophane 4 drugs tore 8 1left high school e ightee n yea rs

2 1 ga rb ag e 5 at torney ago.



452

Answer key to review units

Learning

Unit 11 1 a t ra ns la t ion (of t hi s) , p le a se ?

2 (some) revision for an exam

3 I re pe at

4 his explanation (of it)

5 a guess

6 a r ecord of new words in a book 7 a chat (about i t )

8 the pronu ncia t ion of that word People2 1 rec og niz e 7 translation

2 gis t 8 pro nou nce

3 go t h rough 9 ma k e

4 m a k e a no te of 10 pronunciation

5 gu ess 11 expe r iment

6 con tex t 12 foreign

Unit 2

1 1complex/complicated 5 range2 expan d , a im 6 conta in

Unit 41 1 a colon 5 an exclamation mark

2 a full s top 6 an ap os tro ph e

3 a semicolon 7 a question mark

4 quotat ion m arks

2 1 sepa ra tes 3 in te rrup t s

2 deta ils, list 4 instead, connected

Unit 5

3 fluently

4 detail

2 1 frus tra t ing

2 motivated3 while

4 p rog re s s

5 e nc oura g i ng

Unit 31 1 de fini tion s

2 ent ry

3 select

4 ins tance

5 s ymbo l s

6 stressed

7 specialized

8 appropria te6 getting

7 aware8 express

9 accura te

7 s tress

8 syllable

9 idiom

10 expression

11 style

12 offend

1 e xpe ct ing 5 figure

2 c o n ta c t 6 tanned

3 neat 7 wrinkles4 tell 8 sh ap e

1 sh ou lde rs 4 a ppe a ra nc e ,s h a p e

2 bald, losing 5 shave n

3 scar 6 p lump

Unit 6

1 gene rou s, gen erosi ty, meanhones t , hones ty , d i shones t

tolerant , tolerance, intolerant patient, patience, impatientar rogant , a r rogance , modes t

hard-working, lazy

2 1 crazy 4 agg ress ive

2 boring/dull 5 sense of humour

3 lazy 6 che erfu l

Unit 71 1 OPP inse nsit ive 4 OPP hid es

2 SYN fed up 5 SYN sc are dstiff

3 SYN asto nis he d 6 SYN thrilled



453

2 1 He was furious with me, and ]was

thrilled: t e r ri fi ed / sca red s t i f f

OR He was fufious del ighted withm e, an d I wa s thrilled.

2 Sh e was so proud when her sondid well, an d really jealou s .t h r i l l ed /de l i gh ted

3 1was anxious before the flight,

8 genera t ion

2 1 immigran t s

2 only

3 parent

4 brought

5 divorced

Unit 10

6 up

7 previous

8 half

9 step

10 step

2 How did you get A know her?to

3 I like Imran; we get A very well.on

4 D on ’t forget to ke ep A touch, in

5 You c a n ’t rely A her brother, on

6 1d o n ’t think th ey ’re A a

re la tionship a t the m omen t , in

we took off. (logical) 1 D R 1 N K A t 0 A s T

4 I don’t know what upset her, but c w c Mshe was thrilled, m iserab le / E E 0 R A

fed up D 1 N / t r \ u c

1

if

5 She can be very insensitive andn 1 V c IS.

often hurts people’s feelings. E G D p c E

(logical) MA R R 1 A G E I E A

6 I can’t talk to her because she’s 0 0 N E p s

insensitive and very N 0 G G u E s T psupportive, m o o d y

Y M 1 E

Unit 8 H 0 N E Y M 0 0 N 0 E

1 Pet ros and 1have nothing A N ccommon, inB R 1 D E s M A 1 D H !

2 1 funeral

2 widower

3 buried

4 mourners

5 inherited

6 choose

8 civil

9 chose

10 bride

11 best

12 reception

13 anniversary2 1s oc i a b l e

2 realize

3 loyal

4 t oge t he r

5 c o m m o n

6 rows/arguments7 regrets

8 reliable

Unit 9

1 1 imm igrant

2 s t epm ot he r

3 a nc e s t o r

4 a dop t

5 look like sb

6 take after sb

7 get divorced / ge t a divorce

7 ceremony/wedding 14 celebrate

The world around us

Unit 111 reach 8 d i scovered

2 approximately 9 invented

3 earth 10 spa ce4 pl an et 11 satellite s

5 system 12 circle

6 exists 13 univ erse

7 Scientists 14 rou ghl y



2 1 go/ tra vel 5 s tudies E lephan ts have a trunk.

2 not 6 true Eagles have a beak.

3 circle 7 different Bear s ha ve fur. Bees can st ing.

4 tes t 8 exist Goats have horns .

3 Across Do wn

Unit 12 2 wings 1 m i c e

1 1 wave 4 ocean 5 bone 3 snak e

2 pudd le 5 flood 6 vary 4 poison

3 float 6 steep 8 camel 7 harmless

2 1 na rr ow 5 horizon 9 sting 9 shark

2 surface 6 rough 10 monkey

3 p ro tec tion 7 d ee p 11 calf

4 sank /caps ized 8 s teep 12 weight3 1 s e e k s r o ck s 6 eaves wave 13 spider

2 chip ship

3 s leep s teep

7 floor flood

8 pink sink Daily life4 p o n y p o n d 9 blows flows

5 bee ts boa ts 10 peach b each Unit 161 Herbs : parsley, thyme, min t

Unit 13 Fruit: fig, pom egr an ate , raspberry,1 1 pour ing 4 predict apricot

2 effects 5 breeze Vegetables : beetroot , sw eetcorn ,3 mild 6 extreme, affect broccoli, leeks

2 1 h a r m 4 spread Fish: cod, salmo n, carp , sea bass

2 melts 5 gradually Seafood: oysters, clams, mussels,

3 rise 6 d i sappear cr ab Meat: veal, rabbit, liver,kidney

Unit 141 1volcanic eruption 6 tidal wave Unit 17

2 hurricane 7 volcanic eruption 1 1 not 6 oil or fat

3 tidal wav e 8 d rough t 2 less 7 without

4 d ro u g h t 9 h u rr ican e 3 good 8 cut

5 e a r t h q u a k e 4 bad 9 weight

2 Id 2g 3b 4h 5 fatter 10 cooking

5c 6a 7e

Unit 18

Unit 15 1 1 rece ip t 7 broke

1 Wild an im als : lion, gorilla, leopa rd 2 well off 8 ba rg a in

F a rm anim als : calf, donkey , 3 the sa les 9 d e b tgoat Insects: fly, bee, mosquito 4 waste 10 red uctionSea c rea tu res : whale, shark 5 ch an g e 11 amount

2 So m e sn ak es a re p o iso n o us . 6 can’t afford 12 hugeLeop ards have spo ts. The ph rase in the grey squares is



455

‘cost a fortune’.

Unit 191 1 fall 6 sleepy/exhaustedAired

2 go /ge t 7 habits

3 lack 8 nap4 irritable 9 night

5 con cen t ra te 10 mind

Unit 201 ble ed dizzy p re v en t .

symptom

infection

injury developthoroughly

Unit 211 I f 2a 3 h 4 d

5c 6e 7b

Unit 22

1 Correc t answers1 cance l led , held up

2 the outskir ts , the way

3 a vehicle , an ambulance

4 a coach, a van

5 broke down, c rashed

6 injured, delayed

7 a valid ticket, a day return

8 gets in, is duehire 5 skid

pick 6 stop

turn 7 end

g e t

Unit 231 1 style 5 button

2 b race le t 6 su ed e3 dress 7 underwear

4 vest

2 1 versati le 4 outfit

2 m a tch e s 5 jewellery

3 sui ts 6 m aterials/ fabrics

Getting things done

Unit 241 Is it painful w he n yo u bite?

2 1will proba bly ha ve to take thetooth out.

3 This is the tooth which is cau singthe pain.

4 When did you last have a ch ec k up?

5 Can you com e back to thesurgery tomorrow?

6 Jus t ask the recept ionis t to

make an appointment for you.7 The re ’s a hole in this toot h— you

need a filling.

8 I’m going to examine your teethand then decide w hat you need.

Unit 251treat

2 conce rned3 surgeon

4 straightaway5 benefit

6 take care of / care for som eon e

7 ge t over som ething / recoverf rom som ething

8 patient

9 ward

10 risk

Unit 261 1 stain, rem ove

2 out of, fix/rep air/m end

3 leaking

4 mend/ repa i r

5 working, bulbs

6 wrong with, fix/repair/mend

2 1 ham m er 5 rope

2 drill 6 strin g/w ire

3 screw driver 7 glue

4 sci ssor s 8 Sellotape/glue/string



456

Unit 271 bro om

2 b u ck e t

3 vacuum cleaner

3 horizontal 6 straight

4 throw

5 dust/polish

6 wipe

Unit 281 I had my hair cut last week.

2 1just want a t r im, please.

3 I’d like a cut and blow-dry, please.

4-Are you iet t ing your hair grow?

5 Can y ou p as s m e th e s c i s so r s ?

6 She’s got a parting on the left.7 I’m having my hair coloured

to m o r ro w.

8 Ca n I bor row your hai rd ryer?

Describing things

Unit 291 I F

5T

1 filthy

2 lively

3 pity

4 sp ace

2T 3F6F

5 handy

6 graffiti

7 begging

8 d i sadvan tage

4T

Unit 301 Possib le a nsw ers

I t’s a sem i-de tach ed house.

T he re ’s a chim ney on the roof.

The cellar is used for storage.

T he re ’s a lawn in the g ard en.

The drive lead s to the front door.

Unit 311 1 a wooden fence

2 a rubbe r ty re

3 a wax cand le

4 a go ld medal

2 1 ro un d

2 four

5 a woollen blanket

6 a cardboard box

7 iron railings

8 a concrete bridge

4 square

5 parallel

Unit 32

1 lh

5g

2f

6b

3a

7i

4d

8e

Unit 331 1 artist

2 scen e

3 foreground

4 just

Unit 341 1 sm ash

2 tear

3 fold

4 sp rayed

5 crying

5 dis tance

6 shade

7 hand

8 ignoring

6 burst

7 sighed

8 shake

9 d ragg ing

Social and political issues

Unit 351 1 criminal 5 thief

2 m u rd e re r 6 shoplifter

3 m u g g er 7 robber

4 burglar/ thief

2 1 stab b ed 5 killed2 obey 6 violence

3 commit 7 serious

4 the museum, stole 8 attacked

Unit 361 c l h 2 g3 e4

b5 d6 f7 a8

Ỉ92 1 p lace 5 fine, sen ten

2 prove 6 may/migh t

3 accu s ed 7 evidence

4 witness 8 a rres t



457

Unit 37

1 1 obesity 5 he art a t tack

2 allergy 6 cancer

3 str ok e 7 arthritis

4 as thma 8 d iabe tes

2 1 Sh e has suffered from asthm afor years .

2 He had a heart attack and diedlast week.

3 My grand fath er is going deaf soI hav e to sh ou t to him.

4 It’s an infectious disease so hecan’t mix with other people.

5 The doctor told me to breathe in deeply through my nose.

6 She is allergic to some medicines.7 Obesity can lead to hear t disease.

8 He suffers from memory lossand ca n’t r em em ber where he

p u ts things.

6 Princess

7 republic

8 gained

Media and entertainment

38

l g 2 e 3Ỉ 4b5k 6a 7c 8h9f lOd1 objec t ive 5 politician

2 o p p o se 6 power

3 priority 7 consist

4 par l iament

391 Yes 5 Yes

2 No 6 No

3 Yes 7 Yes

4 Yes 8 No

ID 2S 3D 4S5D 6D 7D 8S

Unit 401 assass inat ion , r e leased

2 president, attempted, assassinate3 Revolution

4 establ ished

5 d iscovered

Unit 411 1 th rea ts 4 cu r ren t

2 declined 5 protes ting

3 sc are s 6 daily

1 I enjoy all sorts of culturalevents, su ch a s exhibit ions andconcerts.

2 I think he m us t re ceiv e a pension because he’s nearly 70.

3 I saw a st ran ge new spap erheadline the other day: ‘Man bites d o g ’.

4 She’s in charge of the localnew spa per ; I believe s h e ’s beenthe edi tor for three years.

5 The gov ernm ent c la ims tha t itcan cut c r ime by 20 per centthis yea r, but I d o n ’t believe it.

6 My co us in’s a new spap er journa lis t; he writes artic lesabou t cu rren t affairs.

Unit 421 1 editing

2 movie

3 role

4 winner

5 incredible

6 plot

7 disappointing

8 swearing

The word in the grey sq ua res is‘director’.

Unit 431 1 autom atic

2 abstract

3 studio

4 out of

5 realistic6 landscape

7 sort

8 skilled



458

Unit 441 1 c ondu c t o r p 7 t rumpe t

2 lead s inger p 8 melody

3 keyboard player p 9 flautist p

4 c o m p o s e r p 10 guitarist p

5 flute 11 saxophone

6 band p 12 solo artist p

Unit 451 1ground, stadium 4 track, circuit

2 cour t , umpire 5 club, referee

3 coach, manager 6 deep, standard

2 1c ons t ruc t i ng 5 interrupted

2 capaci ty 6 crowd

3 suppor ted 7 championship

4 lap 8 length, width

Unit 461 1e 2h 3b 4c

5f 6i 7d

Unit 47

1 1 Yes 5 No

2 Yes 6 No3 No 7 No4 Yes 8 No

Unit 48

1 1 E v er yo n e p a r a d e s th ro ug h th em ain s t ree ts in the town.

2 The people in thene igh bo urh oo d wh ere I l ive arevery friendly.

3 It’s a two -da y festival, which wehave every year.

4 It was quite a wild party; we h adgreat fun.

5 Do you ever take pa r t / pa r t ic ipa te in p a ra d e s ?

6 I enjo y th e ca rniv al: it means alot to me.

7 She wore a really striking dresswith gold flow ers on it.

8 We all had to throw a ball andtry to hit the moving object.

Work and study

Unit 491 1 You have to follow his

instructions.

2 Don’t communicate withanyone.

3 Your attitude is important.

4 I was relieved to finish the ex am .

5 Devote ten m inutes to makingnotes.

6 He would neve r c he at in anexam.

7 If you don’t succeed, try again.8 Are dictionaries essential?

Unit 501 Correc t answers

1 seminar , lec ture

2 a t home, away from home

3 Professors , Tutors

4 take out a loan, try to get ascholarship

5 have a deba te , t ake no tes

2 1 Our sem inar star ted on t ime a t10.00.

2 My sister is studying away fromhome and she’s living in ahall of resid enc e.

3 How m uc h were the tuit ion feesfor your sum m er course?

4 We had to hurry but we arrived just in tim e for the beginningof the lecture.

5 At the moment , she’s doingsome medical research as par tof her s tudies .

6 I would like to h av e the cha nce!opportuni ty to s tudy abroad,

p e rh a p s in C an ada .

7 W hen I was a t unive rsity, o ur



459

es sa ys were all par t of thec on t inuous a s s e s s m e n t .

8 Do you study away from ho me?

Unit 51

1 1 va c an cy

2 advice3 acknowledge

4 valid

2 1 apply

2 interview

3 feedback

4 c on t a c t

5 assess6 require

7 automatically

8 process

5 references

6 candidates

7 in

8 permit

Unit 521 c a r pen t e rlp lum be r

2 nanny3 civil servan t/ estate age nt

4 electr ician/mechanic

5 sales rep / travel agen t

6 p lum ber / ca rpen te r

2 1 ex pe rien ce, profession2 a r r angeme nts , agen t

3 servant, care er , service

4 training, qualifications

5 products , rep

Unit 531 1 involved

2 challenging3 promoted

4 dealing

5 transferred

6 complaints

2 1 appoint

2 reward

3 notice

4 une m ploye d5 prosp ec ts

The w ord in the‘promot ion’

7 resign

8 elsewhere9 work

10 charge

11 responsibility

6 duties

7 clerical

8 solve

9 handle

grey squa res is

Unit 541 1 stressful 5 shift

2 right 6 ov ertim e

3 trade union 7 bon us

4 entitled 8 strike

Business

Unit 551 finance, loss, tax, revenue, interest,

cash flow, profit, loan,turnover , bank, capital

2 1 rose slightly2 fellldropped sharply

3 r emained unchan ged/s tab le

4 droppedlfell by

5 fluctated

6 slight increase/growth

Unit 561G

5B1 even

2 growth

3 risks

4 rivals

2B

6G

Unit 57le 2h

5a 6d1 Innovation

2 crucial

3 research

4 invest

3B 4G

7G5 quality

6 marke t

7 reputation

8 shares

3g 4b

7c 8f 5 contract6 potential

7 feedback

8 diversify

Unit 581 dange r / threat advicelt ip

ability/skill

plan/strategy

aim/objective

reply/response

data/information

ne e d /de m a nd



460

2 1 strengths, weaknesses 5 objectives

2 oppo rtuni t ies 6 ignore

3 ga th er /ge t , da ta 7 forecasts

4 assu m e 8 eva lua te

Social English

Unit 591 1 de fin ite ly go

2 do ub t ( i f / that)

3 to be a disaster

4 he’ll go

5 likely

6 pessimistic

Unit 601 e x c e p t

2 exactly

3 alike

4 c o m p a r e d

Unit 611 1 m ak e

2 afraid

3 HowlWhat

4 availableifree

Unit 621 1 keen

2 fond

3 m ad

4 adore l iove

5 completely

6 apart

7 main

8 compar i son

5 to

6 tied

7 postpone/put off

8 confirm

5 all

6 bear l s tand

7 keen

8 ioatheldetest

2 A n s w e rs fro m a B r it is h p e rson

1 Ỉenjoy physical exercise ,especially long walks.

2 I’m fond of the people I work with.

3 I’m no good at dancing, so Ỉd on ’t enjoy it very m uch .

4 Yes, I abso lutely ad or echocolate!

5 In fa ct I do like shellfish, th ou ghPm allergic to mussels.

6 1agree. 1can’t stand waiting in queues.

7 In fact 1like ch ee se very m uch.

8 I hat e cold w eath er, espe cially ifit’s wet as well.

Unit 63

1 1 not in favour of, ag ain st2 is to blame, is his fault

3 in my opinion, as far as i’mc o n c e r n e d

4 in principle, in theory

5 is opposed to, is against

6 1believe, I re ck on

2 1 in favour 5 cons ider

2 fault 6 in prin ciple

3 sensible 7 sup po rt

4 of

Unit 641 1 He diso beys me,

2 They force us to work hard.

3 You aren’t allowed to eat here.OR Eating here isn’t allowed.

4 I t’s com pu lsor y to wear auniform. OR Wearing a uniformis com pulsory .

5 S he let us sit down.

6 The bo ss insists that we go.

7 His beha vio ur in clas s is terrible.8 He punishes us if we’re

late.

Unit 651 1 fa ct

2 expecting

3 definitely

4 intending

5 hope

6 intention

7 afraid

8 actually/apparently

9 smoothly

10 going

11 guess

Unit 661 1U

5H9 0

2U6U

3H7H

4U8(J

2 1 T he re’s no point in going out.



461

2 You should speak to her in person.

3 I would ask an expert for advice.

4 Have you ever consider ed goingto l ive ab ro ad ?

5 Sh e joined the tenn is club.

6 Wait ing in queues gets on mynerves

7 I’m not bo there d about the costof the meal .

8 Did she m ention anything to youab ou t the divo rce? OR Didshe mention th e divorce to you?

Unit 671 1 mind 4 case

2 ou t 5 assis tance/help

3 beware 6 careful

Language

Unit 681 1 bec ause 5 though

2 all the sa m e 6 howe ver

3 still 7 so

4 fur the rmore 8 whereas

2 Tex t Ỉ

1 resu lt 3 pr ov id ed

2 m o r e

Text 24 due

5 addit ion

9 firm, soft

10 effective, ineffective

Unit 701 1 undernea th

2 nowadays / these days3 throughout

4 eventually5 onto6 occasionally

7 towards

8 Meanwhile / ỉn the m ea nt im e

Unit 711 IN: in gen er al , in favo ur of, in

public, in a rush

ON: insist on, rely on, on pur pose,depend on, on board

OF: get rid of, capable of, takecare of, approve of

Unit 721 1 una c c e p t a b l e

2 Uftfeievant irrelevant

3 dissecure insecure

4 afHjnateohoiie a non-alcoholic

5 d isfaste n unfasten

6 w h o n e s t d i sh o n e st

7 inpatie nt impa tient

6 as/s ince

7 However/ N evertheless

Unit 691 1 rare, c om m on

2 adeq ua te , inadequa te

3 o ld- fash ioned , m odern /c on t e mpora ry

4 u r b a n , r u r a l

5 c rowded , dese r ted

6 artificial, real

7 rude, poli te

8 satisfied, dissatisfied

Unit 732 1 j ud g e m en t

2 definition

3 react ion

4 powerful

5 p re fe rence

6 cruelty

7 extension

8 harmless

Unit 741 1 I d o n ’t recall me etin g yo ur parents.

2 He refused to leave.

3 Carrie admitted stealing thenecklace.

4 Mario ac cu se d m e of taking all



462

the food.

5 She reg re ts moving to London.

6 Bor is remin ds m e of your brother.

7 He blamed me for the mistake.

8 I tend to work in th ee ve n in g.9 Cal pre ten de d to be a doctor.

10 She persuaded me to leave.

Unit 751 1 I take af ter my mo ther .

2 why d o n ’t you give it aw ay?

• 3 1don ’t ge t on very well wi th my

boss.4 just leav e it out

5 put his coa t on / put on his coat

6 ! c a n ’t wo rk o ut

7 sw itch th e TV on

8 go over it

Unit 76

1 1 sharp ly 5 rarely2 stron gly 6 widely

3 roug hly 7 seriously

4 rathe r 8 totally

Styles of EnglishUnit 77

1 1 are thin gs / ‘s it go ing ?2 up to

3 much

4 up

5 turned her down

6 Y ou’re joking! / You m us t be joking!

7 r eckons

8 rubbish9 loads /m asses

10 Yeah

11 I’d better be off

12 Cheers!

2 1 fanc-y 4 hur-py- up

2 reck on 5 Tell m e a joke

3 hafl§OB 6 ke e p-an e y^-efts o m e o n e

Unit 781 1 Sir or M a da m 6 whe ther

2 r egards 7 in particular

3 Yours 8 hearing

4 fur ther 9 d o n ’t hesitate

5 enclose 10 All the best

2 1 F urther 7 w he ther / if '■

2 deposi t 8 apprecia te

3 c om m e nc ing 9 hesitate4 fur ther /more 10 further 5 nearby /close by 11 forward6 grateful 12 sincerely

Unit 791 1 ident ity ca rd

2 United N ations

3 personal identif ication number

4 value added tax

5 curr iculum vitae

6 internet service provider

7 information technology

2 1 Yes, fridge 6 Yes, flu

2 No 7 Yes, lab

3 Yes, vet 8 No4 No 9 Yes, g y m

•5 Yes , ad/ad ver t 10 h o

Unit Ỗ01 tap fau cet

chemis t d rugs tore

biscuit cookie

lift ele va tor J

petrol gaso line

wardrobe c loset

d ia ry d a tebook

rubbish garbag e pa ve m e n t sidewalk

lorry truc k



N H À X U T B Ả N T H A N H N IÊ N6 2 B à T r i ộ u , l ỉ à N ộ i .

Đ T : ( 8 4 .0 4 ) 3 8 2 2 9 4 1 3 - F a x : 0 4 . 3 9 4 3 6 0 2 4 .

E m a i l : n x b l h u n h n i e n @ v n n . v n

G h i n h á n h : 2 7 B N g u y ễ n Đ ì n h C h i u , P . D a K a o , Q . l , T P . II Ổ C h í M i n h

Đ T : ( 0 8 ) 3 9 1 0 6 9 6 3 - F a x : ( 0 8 ) 3 9 1 0 6 9 6 1

Ồ Í QUYẾ T HỆ THỐ NG HÓA & TĂ NG CƯ Ờ NG

TỪ VƯNG t i ế n g a n h

DÙNG TRONG CÁC KỲ THI DẠI HỌC ú CHỨNG CHỈ QU0C TẾ

(TRÌNH Đ ộ TĐ UNG CẤ P)NHÓM BIÊN SOẠN HồNG ĐỨC

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