bilal ahmed shaik cpp
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
1/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
Ljts Ljdrn fn Njw L``h
O(( fs d afgglj!ljvjl pr`krdaafnkldnkudkj gjvjl`pjg my Mcdrnj _tr`ustrup
stdrtfnk fn 46;6 dt Mjll Ldms. Ft runs `n dvdrfjty `b pldtb`ras, suoe ds [fng`ws,Ado @_, dng tej vdrf`us vjrsf`ns `b ZNFU.
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
4;!Ady!4?
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
2/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
= | Y d k j
O(( Wut`rfdl
O(( fs d stdtfodlly typjg, o`apfljg, kjnjrdl purp`sj, odsj!sjnsftfvj, brjj!b`ra pr`krdaafnkldnkudkj tedt supp`rts pr`ojgurdl, `mcjot!`rfjntjg, dng kjnjrfo pr`krdaafnk.
O(( fs rjkdrgjg ds d afgglj!ljvjl ldnkudkj, ds ft o`aprfsjs d o`amfndtf`n `b m`te efke!ljvjldng l`w!ljvjl ldnkudkj bjdturjs.
O(( wds gjvjl`pjg my Mcdrnj _tr`ustrup stdrtfnk fn 46;6 dt Mjll Ldms fn Aurrdy Efll, NjwCjrsjy ds dn jnednojajnt t` tej O ldnkudkj dng `rfkfndlly ndajg O wfte Oldssjs mut ldtjr ft
wds rjndajg O(( fn 465?.
O(( fs d supjrsjt `b O, dng tedt vfrtudlly dny ljkdl O pr`krda fs d ljkdl O(( pr`krda.
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
3/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
? | Y d k j
O(( O`apfljr3Wefs fs dotudl O(( o`apfljr wefoe wfll mj usjg t` o`apflj y`ur s`uroj o`gj fnt` bfndl jxjoutdmljpr`krda. A`st O(( o`apfljrs g`n+t odrj wedt jxtjnsf`n y`u kfvj y`ur s`uroj o`gj, mut fb
y`u g`n+t spjofby `tejrwfsj, adny wfll usj .opp my gjbdult A`st brjqujntly usjg dng brjjdvdfldmlj o`apfljr fs KNZ O/O(( o`apfljr, `tejrwfsj y`u odn edvj o`apfljrs jftejr br`a EY
`r _`ldrfs fb y`u edvj rjspjotfvj @pjrdtfnk _ystjas.
O(( Yr`krda _truoturj3Ljt us l``h dt d sfaplj o`gj tedt w`ulg prfnt tej w`rgs Ejll` [`rlg.
/fnolugj usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
adfn%& fs wejrj pr`krda jxjoutf`n mjkfns.
fnt adfn%&{
o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
4/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
7 | Y d k j
O(( Yrfaftfvj Muflt!fn Wypjs3O(( `bbjr tej pr`krdaajr d rfoe dss`rtajnt `b muflt!fn ds wjll ds usjr gjbfnjg gdtd typjs.
B`ll`wfnk tdmlj lfst g`wn sjvjn mdsfo O (( gdtd typjs3
Wypj Hjyw`rgM``ljdn m``lOedrdotjr oedrFntjkjr fntBl`dtfnk p`fnt bl`dtG`umlj bl`dtfnk p`fnt g`umljRdlujljss v`fg[fgj oedrdotjr woedrPt
Rdrfdmlj Gjoldrdtf`n " Fnftfdlfzdtf`n fn O((3_`aj jxdapljs drj3
fnt g 1 ?, b 1 :8 fnftfdlfzfnk g dng b.mytj z 1 ==8 fnftfdlfzjs z.
g`umlj pf 1 ?.474:68 gjoldrjs dn dppr`xfadtf`n b pf.oedr x 1 +x+8 tej vdrfdmlj x eds tej vdluj +x+.
O(( Rdrfdmlj _o`pj3D so`pj fs d rjkf`n `b tej pr`krda dng mr`dgly spjdhfnk tejrj drj terjj pldojs wejrj vdrfdmljsodn mj gjoldrjg3
4. Fnsfgj d bunotf n `r d ml`oh wefoe fs odlljg l`odl vdrfdmljs,
=. Fn tej gjbfnftf`n `b bunotf`n pdrdajtjrs wefoe fs odlljg b`radl pdrdajtjrs.?. @utsfgj `b dll bunotf`ns wefoe fs odlljg kl`mdl vdrfdmljs.
O(( O`nstdnts/Lftjrdls3O`nstdnts rjbjr t` bfxjg vdlujs tedt tej pr`krda ady n`t dltjr dng tejy drj odlljg lftjrdls.
O`nstdnts odn mj `b dny `b tej mdsfo gdtd typjs dng odn mj gfvfgjg fn Fntjkjr Nuajrdls,
Bl`dtfnk!Y`fnt Nuajrdls, Oedrdotjrs, _trfnks dng M``ljdn Rdlujs.
Dkdfn, o`nstdnts drj trjdtjg cust lfhj rjkuldr vdrfdmljs jxojpt tedt tejfr vdlujs odnn`t mj
a`gfbfjg dbtjr tejfr gjbfnftf n.
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
5/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
: | Y d k j
O(( A`gfbfjr Wypjs3O(( dll`ws tej oedr, fnt, dng g`umlj gdtd typjs t` edvj a`gfbfjrs prjojgfnk teja. D a`gfbfjr
fs usjg t` dltjr tej ajdnfnk `b tej mdsj typj s` tedt ft a`rj prjofsjly bfts tej njjgs `b vdrf`ussftudtf`ns.
Wej gdtd typj a`gfbfjrs drj lfstjg ejrj3
sfknjg unsfknjg l`nk se`rt
Wej a`gfbfjrs sfknjg, unsfknjg, l`nk, dng se`rt odn mj dpplfjg t` fntjkjr mdsj typjs. Fn
dggftf`n, sfknjg dng unsfknjg odn mj dpplfjg t` oedr, dng l`nk odn mj dpplfjg t` g`umlj.
Wej a`gfbfjrs sfknjg dng unsfknjg odn dls` mj usjg ds prjbfx t` l`nk `r se`rt a`gfbfjrs. B`r
jxdaplj unsfknjg l`nk fnt.
O(( dll`ws d se`rtedng n`tdtf`n b`r gjoldrfnk unsfknjg, se`rt, `r l`nk fntjkjrs. V`u odn
sfaply usj tej w`rg unsfknjg, se`rt, `r l`nk, wfte`ut tej fnt. Wej fnt fs faplfjg. B`r jxdaplj,tej b`ll`wfnk tw` s tdtjajnts m`te gjoldrj unsfknjg fntjkjr vdr fdmljs.
unsfknjg x8unsfknjg fnt y8
_t`rdkj Oldssjs fn O((3D st`rdkj oldss gjbfnjs tej so`pj %vfsfmflfty& dng lfbj tfaj `b vdrfdmljs dng/`r bunotf`ns wftefn d
O(( Yr`krda. Wejsj spjofbfjrs prjojgj tej typj tedt tejy a`gfby. Wejrj drj b`ll`wfnk st`rdkjoldssjs wefoe odn mj usjg fn d O(( Yr`krda
dut` rjkfstjr stdtfo jxtjrn autdmlj
O(( @pjrdt`rs3Dn `pjrdt`r fs d syam`l tedt tjlls tej o`apfljr t` pjrb`ra spjofbfo adtejadtfodl `r l`kfodl
adnfpuldtf`ns. O(( fs rfoe fn muflt!fn `pjrdt`rs dng pr`vfgjs b`ll`wfnk typj `b `pjrdt`rs3
Drfteajtfo @pjrdt`rs % (, !, \, #, ((, !!& ]jldtf`ndl @pjrdt`rs %11, $1, >. 1,
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
6/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
2 | Y d k j
O(( L``p Wypjs3O(( pr`krdaafnk ldnkudkj pr`vfgjs b`ll`wfnk typjs `b l``p t` ednglj l``pfnk rjqufrjajnts.Olfoh tej b`ll`wfnk lfnhs t` oejoh tejfr gjtdfl.
L``p Wypj Gjsorfptf`nweflj l``p ]jpjdts d stdtjajnt `r kr`up `b stdtjajnts untfl d kfvjn o`ngftf`n
fs truj. Ft tjsts tej o`ngftf n mjb`rj jxjoutfnk tej l``p m`gy.b`r l``p Jxjoutj d sjqujnoj `b stdtjajnts aultfplj tfajs dng dmmrjvfdtjs
tej o`gj tedt adndkjs tej l``p vdrfdmlj.g`...weflj l``p Lfhj d weflj stdtjajnt, jxojpt tedt ft tjsts tej o`ngftf`n dt tej
jng `b tej l``p m`gynjstjg l``ps V`u odn usj `nj `r a`rj l``p fnsfgj dny dn`tejr weflj, b`r `r
g`..weflj l``p.
O(( Gjofsf`n Adhfnk3O(( pr`krdaafnk ldnkudkj pr`vfgjs b`ll`wfnk typjs `b gjofsf`n adhfnk stdtjajnts. Olfoh tej
b`ll`wfnk lfnhs t` oejoh tejfr gjtdfl.
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_while_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_while_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_for_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_for_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_do_while_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_do_while_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_nested_loops.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_nested_loops.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_nested_loops.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_do_while_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_for_loop.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_while_loop.htm -
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
7/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
; | Y d k j
O(( Bunotf`ns3Wej kjnjrdl b`ra `b d O(( bunotf`n gjbfnftf`n fs ds b`ll`ws3
rjturnPtypj bunotf`nPndaj% pdrdajtjr lfst &{
m`gy `b tej bunotf`n}
D O(( bunotf`n gjbfnftf`n o`nsfsts `b d bunotf`n ejdgjr dng d bunotf`n m`gy. Ejrj drj dll tej
pdrts `b d bunotf`n3
]jturn Wypj3 D bunotf`n ady rjturn d vdluj. Wej rjturnPtypj fs tej gdtd typj `b tejvdluj tej bunotf`n rjturns. _`aj bunotf`ns pjrb`ra tej gjsfrjg `pjrdtf`ns wfte`utrjturnfnk d vdluj. Fn tefs odsj, tej rjturnPtypj fs tej hjyw`rg v`fg.
Bunotf`n Ndaj3 Wefs fs tej dotudl ndaj `b tej bunotf`n. Wej bunotf`n ndaj dng tejpdrdajtjr lfst t`kjtejr o`nstftutj tej bunotf`n sfkndturj.
Ydrdajtjrs3 D pdrdajtjr fs lfhj d pldoje`lgjr. [ejn d bunotf`n fs fnv`hjg, y`u pdss dvdluj t` tej pdrdajtjr. Wefs vdluj fs rjbjrrjg t` ds dotudl pdrdajtjr `r drkuajnt. Wej
pdrdajtjr lfst rjbjrs t` tej typj, `rgjr, dng nuamjr `b tej pdrdajtjrs `b d bunotf`n.Ydrdajtjrs drj `ptf`ndl8 tedt fs, d bunotf`n ady o`ntdfn n` pdrdajtjrs.
Bunotf`n M`gy3 Wej bunotf n m`gy o`ntdfns d o`lljotf`n `b std tjajnts tedt gjbfnj wedttej bunotf`n g`js.
Nuamjrs fn O((3B`ll`wfnk d sfaplj jxdaplj t` se`w bjw `b tej adtejadtfodl `pjrdtf`ns `n O(( nuamjrs3
/fnolugj
/fnolugj usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
fnt adfn %&{
nuamjr gjbfnftf`n3se`rt s 1 498fnt f 1 !49998l`nk l 1 4999998bl`dt b 1 =?9.7;8g`umlj g 1 =99.?;78
adtejadtfodl pjrdtf ns8o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
8/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
5 | Y d k j
O(( Drrdys3B`ll`wfnk fs dn jxdaplj wefoe wfll se`w drrdy gjoldrdtf`n, dssfknajnt dng doojssfnk drrdys fn
O((3
/fnolugj usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
/fnolugj usfnk stg33sjtw8
fnt adfn %&{
fnt nX 49 Q8 n fs dn drrdy `b 49 fntjkjrs
fnftfdlfzj jljajnts b drrdy n t` 9b`r % fnt f 1 98 f < 498 f(( &{
nX f Q 1 f ( 4998 sjt jljajnt dt l`odtf`n f t` f ( 499}o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
9/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
6 | Y d k j
/fnolugj /fnolugj
usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
fnt adfn %&{
strfnk str4 1 -Ejll`-8strfnk str= 1 -[`rlg-8strfnk str?8
o`py str4 fnt` str?str? 1 str48o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
10/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
49 | Y d k j
Gjbfnj O(( @mcjots3D oldss pr`vfgjs tej mlujprfnts b`r `mcjots, s` mdsfodlly dn `mcjot fs orjdtjg br`a d oldss. [j
gjoldrj `mcjots `b d oldss wfte jxdotly tej sdaj s`rt `b gjoldrdtf`n tedt wj gjoldrj vdrfdmljs `bmdsfo typjs. B`ll`wfnk stdtjajnts gjoldrj tw` `mcjots `b oldss M`x3
M`x M`x48 Gjoldrj M`x4 b typj M`xM`x M`x=8 Gjoldrj M`x= b typj M`x
M`te `b tej `mcjots M`x4 dng M`x= wfll edvj tejfr `wn o`py `b gdtd ajamjrs.
Doojssfnk tej Gdtd Ajamjrs3Wej pumlfo gdtd ajamjrs `b `mcjots `b d oldss odn mj doojssjg usfnk tej gfrjot ajamjr doojss
`pjrdt`r %.&. Ljt us try b`ll`wfnk jxdaplj t` adhj tej tefnks oljdr3
/fnolugj
usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
oldss M`x{
pumlfo3g`umlj ljnkte8 Ljnkte b d m`xg`umlj mrjdgte8 Mrjdgte `b d m`xg`umlj ejfket8 Ejfket b d m`x
}8
fnt adfn% &{
M`x M`x48 Gjoldrj M`x4 `b typj M`xM`x M`x=8 Gjoldrj M`x= `b typj M`xg`umlj v`luaj 1 9.98 _t`rj tej v`luaj b d m`x ejrj
m`x 4 spjofbfodtf`nM`x4.ejfket 1 :.98M`x4.ljnkte 1 2.98M`x4.mrjdgte 1 ;.98
m`x = spjofbfodtf`nM`x=.ejfket 1 49.98M`x=.ljnkte 1 4=.98M`x=.mrjdgte 1 4?.98
v`luaj `b m`x 4v`luaj 1 M`x4.ejfket # M`x4.ljnkte # M`x4.mrjdgte8o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
11/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
44 | Y d k j
O(( Fnejrftdnoj3@nj `b tej a`st fap`rtdnt o`nojpts fn `mcjot!`rfjntjg pr`krdaafnk fs tedt `b fnejrftdnoj.Fnejrftdnoj dll`ws us t` gjbfnj d oldss fn tjras `b dn`tejr oldss, wefoe adhjs ft jdsfjr t` orjdtj
dng adfntdfn dn dpplfodtf`n. Wefs dls` pr`vfgjs dn `pp`rtunfty t` rjusj tej o`gj bunotf`ndlfty
dng bdst fapljajntdtf`n tfaj.
[ejn orjdtfnk d oldss, fnstjdg `b wrftfnk o`apljtjly njw gdtd ajamjrs dng ajamjr bunotf`ns,
tej pr`krdaajr odn gjsfkndtj tedt tej njw oldss se`ulg fnejrft tej ajamjrs `b dn jxfstfnk
oldss. Wefs jxfstfnk oldss fs odlljg tej mdsj oldss, dng tej njw oldss fs rjbjrrjg t` ds tej
gjrfvjg oldss.
D oldss odn mj gjrfvjg br`a a`rj tedn `nj oldssjs, wefoe ajdns ft odn fnejrft gdtd dng
bunotf`ns br`a aultfplj mdsj oldssjs. W` gjbfnj d gjrfvjg oldss, wj usj d oldss gjrfvdtf`n lfst t`spjofby tej mdsj oldss%js&. D oldss gjrfvdtf`n lfst ndajs `nj `r a`rj mdsj oldssjs dng eds tej
b`ra3
oldss gjrfvjg!oldss3 doojss!spjofbfjr mdsj!oldss
[ejrj doojss!spjofbfjr fs `nj `bpumlfo, pr`tjotjg, `r prfvdtj, dng mdsj!oldss fs tej ndaj `b d
prjvf`usly gjbfnjg oldss. Fb tej doojss!spjofbfjr fs n`t usjg, tejn ft fs prfvdtj my gjbdult.
O`nsfgjr d mdsj oldss _edpj dng fts gjrfvjg oldss ]jotdnklj ds b`ll`ws3
/fnolugj
usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
Mdsj oldssoldss _edpj{
pumlfo3v`fg sjt[fgte%fnt w&{
wfgte 1 w8}v`fg sjtEjfket%fnt e&{
ejfket 1 e8}
pr`tjotjg3
fnt wfgte8fnt ejfket8
}8
Gjrfvjg oldssoldss ]jotdnklj3 pumlfo _edpj{
pumlfo3fnt kjtDrjd%&{
rjturn %wfgte # ejfket&8}
}8
fnt adfn%v`fg&{
]jotdnklj ]jot8
]jot.sjt[fgte%:&8]jot.sjtEjfket%;&8
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
12/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
4= | Y d k j
Yrfnt tej drjd `b tej `mcjot.o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
13/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
4? | Y d k j
Y`lya`rpefsa fn O((O(( p`lya`rpefsa ajdns tedt d odll t` d ajamjr bunotf`n wfll odusj d gfbbjrjnt bunotf`n t` mj
jxjoutjg gjpjngfnk `n tej typj `b `mcjot tedt fnv`hjs tej bunotf`n.
O`nsfgjr tej b`ll`wfnk jxdaplj wejrj d mdsj oldss eds mjjn gjrfvjg my `tejr tw` oldssjs dng
drjd%& ajte`g eds mjjn fapljajntjg my tej tw` sum!oldssjs wfte gfbbjrjnt fapljajntdtf`n.
/fnolugj
usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
oldss _edpj {pr`tjotjg3
fnt wfgte, ejfket8
pumlfo3_edpj% fnt d19, fnt m19&
{ wfgte 1 d8ejfket 1 m8
}fnt drjd%&{
o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
14/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
47 | Y d k j
Gdtd Dmstrdotf`n fn O((3Gdtd dmstrdotf`n rjbjrs t`, pr`vfgfnk `nly jssjntfdl fnb`radtf`n t` tej `utsfgj w`rg dng efgfnk
tejfr mdohkr`ung gjtdfls fj. t` rjprjsjnt tej njjgjg fnb`radtf`n fn pr`krda wfte`ut prjsjntfnk
tej gjtdfls.
Gdtd dmstrdotf`n fs d pr`krdaafnk %dng gjsfkn& tjoenfquj tedt rjlfjs `n tej sjpdrdtf`n `b
fntjrbdoj dng fapljajntdtf n.
B`r jxdaplj, fn O(( wj usj oldssjs t` gjbfnj `ur `wn dmstrdot gdtd typjs %DGW&. V`u odn usjtej o`ut `mcjot `b oldss `strjda t` strjda gdtd t` stdngdrg `utput lfhj tefs3
/fnolugj usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
fnt adfn% &{
o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
15/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
4: | Y d k j
O(( Bfljs dng _trjdas3Wej f`strjda stdngdrg lfmrdry ofn dng o`ut ajte`gs b`r rjdgfnk br`a stdngdrg fnput dngwrftfnk t` stdngdrg `utput rjspjotfvjly.
W` rjdg dng wrftj br`a d bflj rjqufrjs dn`tejr stdngdrg O(( lfmrdry odlljg bstrjda wefoegjbfnjs terjj njw gdtd typjs3
Gdtd Wypj Gjsorfptf`n`bstrjda Wefs gdtd typj rjprjsjnts tej `utput bflj strjda dng fs usjg t`
orjdtj bfljs dng t` wrftj fnb`radtf`n t` bfljs.fbstrjda Wefs gdtd typj rjprjsjnts tej fnput bflj strjda dng fs usjg t` rjdg
fnb`radtf`n br`a bfljs.bstrjda Wefs gdtd typj rjprjsjnts tej bflj strjda kjnjrdlly, dng eds tej
odpdmflftfjs `b m`te `bstrjda dng fbstrjda wefoe ajdns ft odn
orjdtj bfljs, wrftj fnb`radtf`n t` bfljs, dng rjdg fnb`radtf`n br`a
bfljs.B`ll`wfnk fs tej O(( pr`krda wefoe `pjns d bflj fn rjdgfnk dng wrftfnk a`gj. Dbtjr wrftfnk
fnb`radtf`n fnputtjg my tej usjr t` d bflj ndajg dbflj.gdt, tej pr`krda rjdgs fnb`radtf`n br`atej bflj dng `utputs f t `nt` tej sorjjn3
/fnolugj /fnolugj
usfnk ndajspdoj stg8
fnt adfn %&{
oedr gdtdX499Q8
`pjn d bflj fn wrftj a`gj.`bstrjda utbflj8`utbflj.`pjn%-dbflj.gdt-&8
o`ut
-
7/30/2019 Bilal Ahmed Shaik Cpp
16/16
_EDFH MFLDL DEAJG
o`ut gdtd8
wrftj tej gdtd dt tej sorjjn. o`ut gdtd8o`ut