biologie (vraestel 2) standaardgraad biology (paper 2...

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1032.2

BIOLOGIE (VRAESTEL 2) STANDAARDGRAAD BIOLOGY (PAPER 2) STANDARD GRADE

NOVEMBER 2007

SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN - 2007

SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION - 2007

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 16 bladsye. This question paper consists of 16 pages.

PUNTE/MARKS: 150 TYD/TIME: 2 uur/hours

Biologie/SG/V2 DoE/Okt.-Nov./2007 Seniorsertifikaat-eksamen


2

INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING Lees die volgende noukeurig deur voordat die vrae beantwoord word: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Beantwoord AL die vrae.

Skryf AL die antwoorde in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer.

Begin ELKE vraag se antwoord boaan 'n NUWE bladsy.

Nommer die antwoorde presies soos die vrae genommer is. Indien antwoorde nie volgens die instruksies van elke vraag aangebied word nie, sal kandidate punte verloor. ALLE tekeninge moet met potlood gemaak word en die byskrifte met ink.

Teken diagramme en vloeidiagramme slegs indien dit vereis word. Die diagramme in die vraestel is nie noodwendig volgens skaal geteken nie. Die gebruik van grafiekpapier is NIE toelaatbaar NIE. Nie-programmeerbare sakrekenaars, gradeboë en passers mag gebruik word. Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

Biology/SG/P2 DoE/Oct.-Nov./2007 Senior Certificate Examination

Copyright reserved Please turn over

2

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following carefully before answering the questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Answer ALL the questions.

Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers exactly as the questions are numbered.

If answers are not presented according to the instructions of each question, candidates will lose marks. ALL drawings should be done in pencil and labelled in ink.

Draw diagrams and flow charts only when requested to do so. The diagrams in the question paper may not necessarily be drawn to scale. The use of graph paper is NOT permitted. Non-programmable calculators, protractors and compasses may be used. Write neatly and legibly.



3

AFDELING A VRAAG 1 1.1 Verskeie moontlike antwoorde word vir elke vraag verskaf. Dui die korrekte

antwoord aan deur slegs die letter (A – D) van jou keuse langs die toepaslike vraagnommer (1.1.1 – 1.1.8) neer te skryf.

1.1.1 Watter membraan vorm die grens tussen die uitwendige oor en die

middeloor?

A

B C D

Trommelvlies Ovaalvenster Koglea

Rondevenster

1.1.2 Watter EEN van die volgende stel die korrekte pad voor wat

klankvibrasies deur die oor volg?

A

B C D

Trommelvlies inkus/aambeeld malleus/hamer stapes/stiebeuel Stapes/stiebeuel malleus/hamer trommelvlies inkus/aambeeld Trommelvlies inkus/aambeeld stapes/stiebeuel malleus/hamer Trommelvlies malleus/hamer inkus/aambeeld

stapes/stiebeuel

1.1.3 Die reaksie van die stingel van 'n plant op 'n ligstimulus is as

gevolg van 'n planthormoon wat ...

A

B C D

selverlenging aan die kant van die stingel wat nie aan lig blootgestel is nie, stimuleer. selverlenging aan die kant van die stingel wat aan lig bloot-gestel is, bevorder. slegs in die teenwoordigheid van lig funksioneer.

slegs in lig geproduseer word.

1.1.4 Watter EEN van die volgende metodes kan deur reptiele gebruik

word om hul liggaamstemperatuur te reguleer?

(i)

(ii) (iii) (iv)

In die son bak Sweet Hibernering Liggaamsoriëntasie

A (i), (ii), (iii) en (iv)

(i), (ii) en (iv) Slegs (i) (i), (iii) en (iv)

B C D



3

SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1

Various possible answers are provided for each question. Indicate the correct answer by writing only the letter (A – D) of your choice next to the relevant question number 1.1.1 – 1.1.8.

1.1.1 Which membrane forms the boundary between the outer ear and

middle ear?

A

B C D

Tympanum Oval window Cochlea Round window

1.1.2 Which ONE of the following correctly represents the path taken by

sound vibrations through the ear?

A

B C D

Tympanum incus/anvil malleus/hammer stapes/ stirrup Stapes/stirrup malleus/hammer tympanum incus/ anvil Tympanum incus/anvil stapes/stirrup malleus/ hammer Tympanum malleus/hammer incus/anvil stapes/ stirrup

1.1.3 The reaction of the stem of a plant to a light stimulus is due to a

plant hormone that ...

A

B C D

stimulates cell elongation on the side of the stem that is not exposed to light. promotes cell elongation on the side of the stem that is exposed to the light. only functions in the presence of light. is only produced in light.

1.1.4 Which ONE of the following methods can be used by reptiles to

regulate body temperature?

(i)

(ii) (iii) (iv)

Basking in the sun Sweating Hibernating Body orientation

A

B C D

(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (i), (ii) and (iv) Only (i) (i), (iii) and (iv)



4

1.1.5 Wanneer 'n potometer opgestel word, moet die stingel onder water

afgesny word om ...

A

B C D

te voorkom dat die stingel sap verloor. te voorkom dat lug die floëembuis binnegaan. toe te laat dat opgeloste suikers die floëem verlaat. te voorkom dat lug die xileemvate binnegaan.

1.1.6 'n Plant verwelk omdat … A

B C D

die tempo van waterverlies die tempo van waterabsorpsie oorskry. die stomata oop is. die atmosferiese humiditeit hoog is. die tempo van waterabsorpsie die tempo van waterverlies oorskry.

1.1.7 Die verwydering van metaboliese afval uit die liggaam staan as …

bekend.

A

B C D

filtrasie sekresie sweet ekskresie

1.1.8 Nadat ligstrale deur die lens van die oog beweeg het, gaan dit deur

die ...

A

B C D

watervog. konjunktiva. glasvog. voorste kamer. (8 x 2)

(16)



4

1.1.5 When setting up a potometer, the twig must be cut off under water in

order to ...

A

B C D

prevent the twig from losing sap. prevent air from entering the phloem tube. allow dissolved sugars to leave the phloem. prevent air from entering the xylem vessels.

1.1.6 A plant wilts because … A

B C D

the rate of water loss exceeds the rate of water absorption. the stomata are open. the atmospheric humidity is high. the rate of water absorption exceeds the rate of water loss.

1.1.7 The removal of metabolic waste from the body is known as … A

B C D

filtration. secretion. sweat. excretion.

1.1.8 After passing through the lens of the eye, light rays move through

the ...

A

B C D

aqueous humour. conjunctiva. vitreous humour. anterior chamber. (8 x 2)

(16)



5

1.2 Gee die korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings. Skryf

slegs die term langs die toepaslike vraagnommer neer.

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6

Die membraan in die binneoor waar vibrasies finaal geabsorbeer word Reseptore in spiere en tendons wat vir druk en spiertonus gevoelig is Die wasagtige stof wat in die gehoorkanaal van die oor afgeskei word Die buis wat die middeloor met die farinks verbind Die vrystelling van watermolekules in die vorm van druppeltjies vanaf die blare van 'n plant as gevolg van worteldruk Die struktuur in 'n plantsel wat heeltemal deurlatend is

(6)

1.3 Pas die inligting in KOLOM II by die items in KOLOM I deur slegs die korrekte

letter teenoor die toepaslike vraagnommer neer te skryf.

KOLOM I KOLOM II

1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6

Etileen Serebrum Kornea Transpirasie Endosmose Ouksiene

A B C D E F G H I

Deel van die brein Planthormone wat apikale dominansie veroorsaak Is deel van die choroïed Planthormone wat vir die rypwording van vrugte verantwoordelik is Breking van ligstrale Planthormone wat die afval van blare veroorsaak Verlies van waterdamp deur die blare Beweging van water in 'n sel in Beweging van water uit 'n sel uit

(6 x 2) (12)



5

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.

Write only the term next to the question number.

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6

The membrane in the inner ear where vibrations are finally absorbed Receptors in muscle and tendons which are sensitive to pressure and muscle tone The waxy substance secreted in the auditory canal of the ear The tube that connects the middle ear with the pharynx The release of water molecules in the form of droplets from the leaves of plants as a result of root pressure The structure in a plant cell that is totally permeable

(6)

1.3 Match the information in COLUMN II with the items in COLUMN I by writing

only the correct letter next to the relevant question number.

COLUMN I COLUMN II 1.3.1

1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6

Ethylene Cerebrum Cornea Transpiration Endosmosis Auxins

A B C D E F G H I

Part of the brain Plant hormones that cause apical dominance Part of the choroid Plant hormones responsible for the ripening of fruit Refraction of light rays Plant hormones that cause the leaves of plants to fall off Loss of water vapour from the leaves Movement of water into a cell Movement of water out of a cell

(6 x 2) (12)



6

1.4 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram van die apparaat wat in 'n ondersoek gebruik word en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Beblaarde takkie Rubberprop A Langbeen-tregter B Verdampings-bakkie

1.4.1 Gee die doel van die bostaande ondersoek. (2) 1.4.2 Noem die vloeistof wat A gemerk is. (1) 1.4.3 Gee TWEE wyses waarop die langbeentregter met die

funksionering van die xileem ooreenstem. (2)

1.4.4 Waar sal jy hierdie apparaat plaas om vinniger resultate te verkry? (1) 1.4.5 Gee EEN rede vir jou antwoord op VRAAG 1.4.4. (2) 1.4.6 Wat sal met die vlak van stof B gebeur na twee uur onder optimale

toestande soos in VRAE 1.4.4 en 1.4.5 beskryf? (1)

1.4.7 Hoe sal die resultate van die bostaande ondersoek verskil indien 'n

plastieksak om die beblaarde takkie gebind word? (1) (10)



6

1.4 Study the diagram below of the apparatus used in an investigation, and

answer the questions that follow.

Leafy twig Rubber stopper A Thistle funnel B Evaporation dish

1.4.1 State the aim of the above investigation. (2) 1.4.2 Name the liquid labelled A. (1) 1.4.3 State TWO ways in which the thistle funnel resembles the

functioning of the xylem. (2)

1.4.4 Where would you place this apparatus in order to obtain faster

results? (1)

1.4.5 Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.4.4. (2) 1.4.6 What will happen to the level of substance B after two hours under

optimal conditions described in QUESTIONS 1.4.4 and 1.4.5? (1)

1.4.7 How will the results of the above investigation be different if a

plastic bag were to be tied around the leafy twig? (1) (10)



7

1.5 Beantwoord die volgende vrae wat op die nefron gebaseer is. 1.5.1 Noem die struktuur wat podosiete bevat en die glomerulus omring. (1) 1.5.2 Verduidelik EEN aanpassing van die wand van die glomerulus. (2) 1.5.3 Noem EEN proses wat in die distale kronkelbuis plaasvind en met

urienvorming geassosieer word. (1)

1.5.4 Noem TWEE wyses waarop die selle van die proksimale

kronkelbuis struktureel vir sy funksie aangepas is. (2) (6)

TOTAAL VRAAG 1:

TOTAAL AFDELING A:50 50



7

1.5 Answer the following questions based on the nephron. 1.5.1 Name the structure which contains podocytes and surrounds the

glomerulus. (1)

1.5.2 Explain ONE adaptation of the wall of the glomerulus. (2) 1.5.3 Name ONE process associated with urine formation that occurs in

the distal convoluted tubule. (1)

1.5.4 State TWO ways in which the cells of the proximal convoluted

tubule are structurally suited for their function. (2) (6)

TOTAL QUESTION 1:

TOTAL SECTION A:50 50



8

AFDELING B VRAAG 2 2.1 Veronderstel dat 'n persoon na 'n vlieg op 'n boek wat hy/sy lees, kyk.

Gebruik die onderstaande diagram om die vrae wat volg te beantwoord.

Struktuur van die mens se oog

A

B

C E

D

2.1.1 Aanvaar dat die vlieg van die boek af beweeg en teen 'n muur

verder weg beland terwyl die persoon aanhou om daarna te kyk. Teken diagramme om die lens aan te toon wanneer die persoon na die vlieg op die boek kyk en wanneer hy/sy na die vlieg op die muur kyk.

(2)

2.1.2 Watter letter in die bostaande diagram toon die deel aan waarop

die beeld van die vlieg gevorm sal word? (1)

2.1.3 Identifiseer deel B. (1) 2.1.4 Verduidelik hoe deel B in helder lig funksioneer. (3)

(7) 2.2 Tom se mak voël het sy vinger met sy skerp snawel raakgebyt toe hy saad uit

Tom se hand gevreet het. In ongeveer 0,2 sekondes het Tom sy vinger weggeruk.

2.2.1 Watter tipe handeling is Tom se reaksie? (1) 2.2.2 Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 2.2.1. (2)



8

SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 Suppose that a person is looking at a fly on a book that he/she is reading.

Use the following diagram to answer the questions that follow.

Structure of the human eye

A

E

D

B

C

2.1.1 Assume that the fly moved off the book and landed on a wall

further away and that the person continued to watch it. Draw diagrams showing the lens of the eye when the person looks at the fly on the book, and when he/she looks at the fly on the wall.

(2)

2.1.2 Which letter in the diagram above indicates the part on which the

image of the fly will be formed? (1)

2.1.3 Identify part B. (1) 2.1.4 Explain how part B functions in bright light. (3)

(7) 2.2 Tom's pet bird caught his finger with its sharp beak while feeding on seeds

from his hand. In about 0,2 seconds Tom pulled his finger away.

2.2.1 What type of action is Tom's reaction? (1) 2.2.2 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.2.1. (2)



9

2.2.3 Teken 'n vloeidiagram om die korrekte baan aan te dui wat die

impuls sal volg gedurende die handeling wat in VRAAG 2.2.1 genoem is.

(6) (9)

2.3 Tabuleer TWEE verskille tussen senuweekoördinasie en chemiese

koördinasie.

(5) 2.4 'n Jong kind draai in die rondte en kom dan skielik tot stilstand. Die kind voel

duiselig. Gee 'n moontlike verduideliking vir hierdie duiseligheid. (4)

TOTAAL VRAAG 2: 25



9

2.2.3 Draw a flow chart showing the path followed by the impulse during

the reaction named in QUESTION 2.2.1. (6) (9)

2.3 Tabulate TWO differences between nervous co-ordination and chemical

co-ordination.

(5) 2.4 A young child spins around in a circle and then suddenly stops. The child

feels dizzy. Give a possible explanation for this dizziness. (4)

TOTAL QUESTION 2: 25



10

VRAAG 3 3.1 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor die hormoon adrenalien. 3.1.1 Noem die klier wat adrenalien afskei. (1) 3.1.2 Watter effek het adrenalien op die grootte van die pupil van die

oog? (1)

3.1.3 Verduidelik die voordeel van die effek van adrenalien op die

grootte van die pupil van die oog. (2) (4)

3.2 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg. 3.2.1 Identifiseer elk van die volgende in die diagram:

A

B

Hormoon 1 Hormoon 2

Posisie van twee endokriene kliere

(a) (b) (c)

Klier A Klier B Hormoon 2

(1) (1) (1)

3.2.2 Verduidelik waarom die metabolisme van 'n persoon geaffekteer

sal word as daar 'n onderafskeiding van hormoon 1 is. (4) (7)



10

QUESTION 3 3.1 Answer the following questions on the hormone adrenalin. 3.1.1 Name the gland that secretes adrenalin. (1) 3.1.2 What effect does adrenalin have on the size of the pupil of the

eye? (1)

3.1.3 Explain the advantage of the effect of adrenalin on the size of the

pupil of the eye. (2) (4)

3.2 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

A

B

Hormone 1 Hormone 2

Position of two endocrine glands

3.2.1 Identify each of the following in the diagram: (a)

(b) (c)

Gland A Gland B Hormone 2

(1) (1) (1)

3.2.2 Explain why the metabolism of a person is affected when there is

an under-secretion of hormone 1. (4) (7)



11

3.3 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagramme en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

3.3.1 Identifiseer vloeistof A.

(1) 3.3.2 Noem VIER stowwe in vloeistof A wat homeostaties beheer moet

word. (4)

3.3.3 Watter diagram (I of II) kan met 'n hoë konsentrasie adrenalien in

die bloed geassosieer word? (1)

3.3.4 Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 3.3.3. (4) 3.3.5 Sal die diameter van bloedvat B wyer of nouer wees indien die

omgewingstemperatuur baie laag is? (1)

3.3.6 Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 3.3.5. (3)

(14) TOTAAL VRAAG 3: 25

Diagram III

Vel-bloed- kapillêre

Vloeistof A

Aar

Vel-bloed- kapillêre

Diagram I Diagram II

slagaSlagaar

Bloedvat B



11

3.3 Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.

Diagram III

Skin blood capillaries

Fluid A

Vein

Artery

Blood vessel B

Diagram I Diagram II

Skin blood capillaries

3.3.1 Identify fluid A. (1) 3.3.2 Name FOUR substances that need to be controlled

homeostatically in fluid A. (4)

3.3.3 Which diagram (I or II) can be associated with a high concentration

of adrenalin in the blood? (1)

3.3.4 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.3.3. (4) 3.3.5 Will the diameter of blood vessel B be wider or narrower when the

environmental temperature is very low? (1)

3.3.6 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.3.5. (3)

(14) TOTAL QUESTION 3: 25



12

VRAAG 4 4.1 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram van 'n stoma en die omringende

epidermis-selle en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

4.1.1

D

B

C

'n Stoma en epidermis-selle

Sel A

Identifiseer sel A en die dele gemerk C en D. (3) 4.1.2 Noem TWEE gasse wat uit deel B kan diffundeer. (2) 4.1.3 Gee EEN ander funksie van die stomata buiten gaswisseling. (1) 4.1.4 Watter effek sal dowwe lig op die grootte van die porieë hê? (1)

(7)



12

QUESTION 4 4.1 Study the diagram below of a stoma and its surrounding epidermal cells and

answer the questions that follow.

D

B

C

A stoma and epidermal cells

Cell A

4.1.1 Identify cell A and the parts labelled C and D. (3) 4.1.2 Name TWO gases that might diffuse out of part B. (2) 4.1.3 Give ONE other function of the stomata besides gaseous

exchange. (1)

4.1.4 What effect will dim light have on the size of the pores? (1)

(7)



13

4.2 Die onderstaande diagram toon 'n ondersoek waar 'n aartappelskyfie in 'n

oplossing geplaas is nadat sy lengte gemeet is. Dit is toegelaat om vir 1½ uur te week. Dit is toe verwyder en sy lengte is weer gemeet.

4.2.1 Bereken die verskil in die lengte van die aartappelskyfie na 1½ uur.

Aartappel- skyfie

Bakkie

Oplossing

Lengte aan begin: 5,2 cm Lengte na 1½ uur: 4,5 cm

'n Aartappelskyfie in 'n oplossing

(2) 4.2.2 Verduidelik die verskil in die lengte van die aartappelskyfie na 1½

uur. (3)

4.2.3 Teken en benoem 'n sel van die aartappelskyfie soos dit na 1½ uur

sal lyk. (5)

4.2.4 Plante wat in droë, woestynagtige streke groei, het dikwels blare

wat tot skerp punte/stekels gewysig is. Gee EEN wyse waarop hierdie stekels die plant help om in hierdie streke te oorleef.

(1) (11)



13

4.2 The diagram below shows an investigation in which a potato chip was placed

into a solution after its length was measured. It was left to soak for 1½ hours. Thereafter it was removed and its length was measured again.

Potato chip

Dish

Solution

Length at the start: 5,2 cm Length after 1½ hours: 4,5 cm

A potato chip in a solution

4.2.1 Calculate the difference in the length of the potato chip after 1½

hours. (2)

4.2.2 Explain the difference in the length of the potato chip after 1½

hours. (3)

4.2.3 Draw and label a cell from the potato chip as it would appear after

1½ hours. (5)

4.2.4 Plants which grow in dry, desert-like regions often have leaves

which are modified to form sharp spines. State ONE way in which these spines help the plants to survive in these regions.

(1) (11)



14

4.3 Verskeie monsters van elk van drie spesies seegras (A, B en C) is op die

strand versamel. Elke monster is geweeg en toe vir ses uur onder lampe en elektriese waaiers laat lê. Die monsters is met uur-intervalle weer geweeg. Die resultate word in die onderstaande tabel aangetoon.

MASSA VAN SEEGRAS UITGEDRUK AS 'N

PERSENTASIE VAN DIE OORSPRONKLIKE MASSA

TYD (ure) A B C

0 100 100 100 1 97 79 40 2 95 68 32 3 94 61 28 4 93 58 25

5 92 56 23 4.3.1 Verduidelik waarom lampe en elektriese waaiers in hierdie

ondersoek gebruik is.

6 92 55 21

(2)

4.3.2 Wat was die persentasie afname in die oorspronklike massa van

monster B na twee uur? (2)

4.3.3 Watter spesie (A, B of C) is die beste bestand teen waterverlies? (1) 4.3.4 Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 4.3.3. (2)

(7) TOTAAL VRAAG 4: 25



14

4.3 Several samples of each of three species of seaweed (A, B and C) were

collected from the seashore. Each sample was weighed, then laid out under lamps and electric fans in the laboratory for six hours. The samples were re-weighed at hourly intervals. The results are shown in the table below.

4.3.1 Explain why lamps and electric fans were used in this investigation. (2) 4.3.2 What was the percentage decrease in original mass of sample B

after two hours? (2)

4.3.3 Which species (A, B or C) is the most tolerant to water loss? (1) 4.3.4 Explain your answer to QUESTION 4.3.3. (2)

(7) TOTAL QUESTION 4: 25

MASS OF SEAWEED EXPRESSED AS PERCENTAGE OF ORIGINAL MASS

TIME (hours)

A B C 0 100 100 100 1 97 79 40 2 95 68 32 3 94 61 28 4 93 58 25 5 92 56 23 6 92 55 21



15

VRAAG 5 5.1 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram van die liggaampie van Malpighi en

beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

5.1.1 Identifiseer die dele gemerk A, D en E.

A

C

D

Nefron van 'n menslike nier

B

E

(3) 5.1.2 Verduidelik die voordeel daarvan dat deel B 'n kleiner deursnee as

deel A het. (2)

5.1.3 Noem die vloeistowwe aanwesig in dele C en D onderskeidelik. (2) 5.1.4 Watter bloedvat (A of B) bevat meer ureum? (1) 5.1.5 Noem EEN verskil in die samestelling van die vloeistowwe in dele

C en D. (2)

5.1.6 Verduidelik waarom hartversaking soms tot nierversaking kan lei. (3)

(13)



15

QUESTION 5 5.1 Study the diagram of a Malpighian body below and answer the questions that

follow.

A

C

D

Nephron of a human kidney

B

E

5.1.1 Identify the parts labelled A, D and E. (3) 5.1.2 Explain the advantage of part B having a smaller diameter than

part A. (2)

5.1.3 Name the liquids present in parts C and D respectively. (2) 5.1.4 Which blood vessel (A or B) contains more urea? (1) 5.1.5 State ONE difference in the composition of liquids in parts C and D. (2) 5.1.6 Explain why heart failure can sometimes lead to kidney failure. (3)

(13)


Kopiereg voorbehou

16

5.2 Filtraatmonsters is op verskillende plekke van die nefron verwyder. 'n Monster

bloedplasma is ook uit die nierslagaar verwyder. In elke geval is die monster ontleed om te bepaal hoeveel proteïene, glukose, ureum en ammonium-ione teenwoordig was. Die resultate (gegee in g/100 cm3) word in die onder-staande tabel getoon. Gebruik hierdie inligting en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

FILTRAATMONSTERS VANAF KOMPONENT BLOEDPLASMA

Kapsel van Bowman

Boog van Henlé

Distale kronkelbuis

Proteïene 8,00 0,0 0,0 0,0 Ureum 0,03 0,03 0,03 1,80 Glukose 0,10 0,10 0,0 0,00 Ammonium-ione 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,60

5.2.1 Verduidelik die toename van ammonium-ione in die distale

kronkelbuis. (2)

5.2.2 Watter effek sou 'n toename in die hoeveelheid ADH in die bloed

op die nefron en die funksionering daarvan hê? (4)

5.2.3 Noem TWEE stowwe wat in die urine aanwesig is, maar wat nie in

die tabel genoem word nie. (2)

5.2.4 Gee EEN wyse waarop die inligting in die tabel sal verskil indien

die monster verkry is van 'n persoon wat:

(a) Aan diabetes mellitus ly voordat behandeling ontvang is

Die vorige dag 'n proteïenryke maaltyd geëet het

(2) (2) (12)

(b)

TOTAAL VRAAG 5: 25

TOTAAL AFDELING B: 100 GROOTTOTAAL: 150


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16

5.2 Samples of filtrate were removed from the nephron at various places. A

sample of blood plasma was also removed from the renal artery. In each case the sample was analysed to find out how much protein, glucose, urea and ammonium ions were present. The results (given in g/100 cm3) are shown in the table below. Use this information to answer the questions that follow.

FILTRATE SAMPLES FROM COMPONENT BLOOD

PLASMA Bowman's capsule

Loop of Henlé

Distal convoluted

tubule Protein 8,00 0,0 0,0 0,0 Urea 0,03 0,03 0,03 1,80 Glucose 0,10 0,10 0,0 0,00 Ammonium ions 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,60

5.2.1 Explain the increase in ammonium ions in the distal convoluted

tubule. (2)

5.2.2 If the amount of ADH in the blood was increased, what effect would

this have on the nephron and its functioning? (4)

5.2.3 Name TWO substances not listed in the table which are present in

urine. (2)

5.2.4 State ONE way in which the information in the table will differ if

samples were taken from a person:

(a)

(b)

Suffering from diabetes mellitus before any treatment was given Who had eaten a meal rich in proteins the day before

(2) (2) (12)

TOTAL QUESTION 5:

TOTAL SECTION B:GRAND TOTAL:

25 100 150

biologie (vraestel 2) standaardgraad biology (paper 2...

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