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Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae... 315

Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato,

Chrysomelidae sensu lato and CoccinelidaeChapter 8.5

Olivier Denux1, Pierre Zagatti2

1 INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, 2163 Av. Pomme de pin, 45075 Orléans, France, 45075 Orléans Cedex 2 INRA – Centre de recherche de Versailles, Unité PISC, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France

Corresponding authors: Olivier Denux ([email protected]), Pierre Zagatti ([email protected])

Academic editor: David Roy | Received 4 February 2010 | Accepted 23 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010

Citation: Denux O, Zagatti P (2010) Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chryso-melidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae. Chapter 8.5. In: Roques A et al. (Eds) Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. BioRisk 4(1): 315–406. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.61

AbstractHere we consider 274 alien Coleoptera species belonging to 41 of the 137 beetle families in Europe (Cer-ambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae are treated separately else-where). Among the families we consider as having invaded the European fauna, Acanthocnemidae and Ptilodactylidae represent new arrivals. Many species-rich families have surprisingly few aliens, whereas some relatively minor families such as Dermestidae, Nitidulidae and Anobiidae have a relatively high representa-tion of alien species. Since the start of the 19th century, the number of coleopteran aliens introduced into Europe has continued to increase. Alien species colonizing Europe derive from a wide range of geographic regions as well as ecozones, but the most important source area is Asia. Th e countries with the largest number of alien species established are France, Germany and Italy. Th e majority have been introduced accidentally via international transport mechanisms. Th e most important route for importation is stored products and crops, followed by transport of wood, then horticultural and ornamental plants. Most alien species in these families are found within anthropogenic habitats in Europe. Th e introduction of invasive alien beetles in these families has had signifi cant economic impacts, particularly as pests of stored foodstuff s, as well as seri-ous ecological impacts. For example, the buprestid species Agrilus planipennis, recently recorded in Russia, is an important potential economic threat which may also impact the biodiversity associated with ash trees.

KeywordsEurope, beetles, Dermestidae, Nitidulidae, Anobiidae, alien species, invasive species, stored products, pests

BioRisk 4(1): 315–406 (2010)

doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.61

www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk

Copyright O. Denux, P. Zagatti. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRiskA peer-reviewed open-access journal

Olivier Denux & Pierre Zagatti / BioRisk 4(1): 315–406 (2010)316

8.5.1. Introduction

Introductions of alien species in Europe started in ancient times (Genovesi and Shine 2003), but this phenomenon has grown rapidly during the two last centuries. Th is is considered largely to be a consequence of the globalization of trade (Smith et al. 2007). Among these introductions, Coleoptera dominate the alien terrestrial invertebrates in Eu-rope, where the fauna consists of over 27,000 species in 137 families (Fauna Europaea Web Service). In addition to the alien species observed in the families Cerambycidae, Cur-culionidae (sensu lato), Chrysomelidae (sensu lato) and Coccinelidae, which were treated in the preceding chapters, 274 other beetles of exotic or cryptogenic origin have been established to date in Europe (Table 8.5.1). Th ese alien species belong to 41 diff erent families. Additionally, 237 species are considered to have been introduced through human activity from one region of Europe to another (Table 8.5.2). However, the cause of such movements are often diffi cult to ascertain, particularly where the original range is poorly known. Th us, the analyses detailed below will mostly consider the species alien to Europe.

8.5.2 Diversity of alien coleopteran species

Th e Coleoptera families treated here with the greatest number of species in Europe are Staphylinidae (rove beetles), Carabidae (ground beetles) and Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles) but these have proportionally few alien species (fi gure 8.5.1). Th ese three fami-lies constitute an important component of the European ground fauna (Dajoz 2002). Conversely, the families with the most aliens in Europe and signifi cant economic im-pact tend to be families with relatively few native species such as Dermestidae (carpet beetles), Nitidulidae (sap-feeding beetles) and Anobiidae (death-watch beetles). Two of the 41 families do not have any native species in Europe and they are new arrivals for the European fauna: Acanthocnemidae (little ash beetles) and Ptilodactylidae (toe-winged beetles). Th e following presentation of families follows the taxonomic classifi -cation of Fauna Europaea (Fauna Europaea Web Service) and of the Tree of Life Web Project (Maddison et al. 2007) (for Ptilodactylidae, not included in Fauna Europaea).

ADEPHAGA

Th e Carabidae, are widespread and known to colonize a great diversity of ecological niches (Denux et al. 2007, Holland 2002). Th ey are typically predators (as larvae and adults), although some groups (e.g. Harpalinae) have evolved toward granivory (feeding on seeds). Th ese life traits do not favour passive transportation by humans, and thus, only eight alien species have been established in Europe, accounting for approximately 0.2% of the European carabid fauna. Among these, Somotrichus unifasciatus, Trechicus nigriceps and Plochionus pallens have benefi ted from the global trade in food products to become cosmopolitan, being introduced with cargos of groundnuts, rice, broad beans,


cocoa, etc. (Jeannel 1942, Weidner et al. 1984). Only one species is established through-out Europe: Trechicus nigriceps (recorded in 30 countries). Th is species seems to have been imported from the Eastern coast of Africa several centuries ago (Jeannel 1942).

Th e Dytiscidae (predaceous diving beetles) are all aquatic carnivores. Only one dytiscid beetle has been reported in our database (DAISIE). Th is large South American species, Megadytes costalis, has been recorded once in Great Britain, but there is no data on its establishment in the wild.

POLYPHAGA STAPHYLINIFORMIA

Th e Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles) are another family of aquatic beetles, eas-ily distinguished from the Dytiscidae by the length of their maxillary palpi. One tribe, the Sphaeridiini, is exceptional due to its terrestrial, saprophagous and coprophagous habits. Many species share mammal dung with scarab beetles. Signifi cantly, among eight hydrophilids reported as aliens in Europe, seven belong to the Sphaeridiini.

Figure 8.5.1. Relative importance of the Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae families in the alien and native fauna in Europe. Right - Relative importance of the families in the alien entomofauna. Families are presented in a decreas-ing order based on the number of alien species. Species alien to Europe include cryptogenic species. Th e number over each bar indicates the number of alien species observed per family. Left - Species richness of the same families in the native European entomofauna. Th e number over each bar indicates the total number of species observed per family in Europe.


Th e Histeridae (clown beetles) are mainly predators, specializing on sapropha-gous, coprophagous or necrophagous prey. Eight species have been reported in the da-tabase, but little is known about their life traits, except for the widespread, cryptogenic Carcinops pumilio, which is common everywhere in natural and anthropized habitats.

Th e Ptiliidae (featherwinged beetles) are a very small family (120 species in Eu-rope and 180 in the world) of which 12 alien species have been recorded in Europe. Th ese are very tiny beetles, including the smallest of all, with a length of just 0.5 mm, whilst even the largest members of the family do not exceed 2 mm. Adults and larvae are usually found in rotting organic material in a wide range of habitats. Th eir small size and lifestyle means that they are easily dispersed via the movements of soil.

Staphylinidae is the most important group of Coleoptera in Europe and the second richest in the world (with over 46,000 species), but the number of alien species (31) in Europe is proportionally low, representing 0.7% of the whole of the Europeans staphyli-nid fauna. Many genera were not included in Fauna Europaea (Fauna Europaea Web Service), due to the lack of taxonomic expertise. Staphylinidae alien species found in Eu-rope are essentially predatory (Coiff ait 1972, Paulian 1988) and mainly species associated with compost, humus and decomposing matter (Cho 2008, Ødegaard and Tømmerås 2000, Tronquet 2006), such as Bisnius parcus, Lithocharis nigriceps and Oxytelus migra-tor. One predatory species, Philonthus rectangulus, has been reported from 36 countries/islands. Originating from temperate East Asia, it may have expanded westward naturally.

POLYPHAGA SCARABAEIFORMIA

Th e Trogidae (hide beetles) are a small family of beetles related to the scarabs. Th ey feed on mammal skins and furs, or on bird feathers, either as late arriving necrophages on carrion, or as commensals of vertebrates in their nests. Two species from Australasia have been recorded in Spain in our database.

Th e Aphodiidae (dung beetle) are mainly small dung beetles, frequently included in the Scarabaeidae. Four species have been recorded as aliens, in one country only. Both Saprosites species introduced in Great Britain seem to be saproxylic beetles (An-gus et al. 2003).

Th e Rutelidae (leaf chafers) are a family of brightly-coloured beetles, especially diverse in the tropics. Only one species of this family has been found in the Azores, the well-known Japanese beetle, Popilia japonica, which is considered as a severe pest in the United States, where it was introduced from Japan in 1912.

POLYPHAGA ELATERIFORMIA

Th e Clambidae (minute beetles) are very small beetles that have the capability to roll into a ball. One species is listed here, the Australian Clambus simsoni, a saprophagous species which seems to be rapidly expanding in western Europe.


Th e Buprestidae (metallic wood-boring or jewel beetles) are a well-known family of xylophagous beetles. In most cases, the larvae develop in living wood, and a few spe-cies became major pests in orchards or forests. Only three buprestid species have been reported as aliens in the database, each observed in only one country.

Th e Ptilodactylidae, the “toed-winged beetles”, are a group of elateriform Co-leoptera, which was formely treated as part of the Dascilloidea and included in Byr-rhoidea (Maddison et al. 2007). Little is known of the biology of adults (Aberlenc and Allemand 1997). Th e habit of soil-leaf litter dwelling of both the adults and larvae facilitates their distribution with potted plants (Mann 2006).

Th e Elateridae (click beetles) are a large family of beetles with quite diverse life history traits. Some species have soil-living larvae, either predators or rhizophages, with reported agricultural pests in the latter category. Other species are saproxylic (predators or saprophages), some of which are very specialized, and have high conservation value. Th ree species are reported as aliens here, occuring in one country each. Th e life history traits of these species remain unknown.

POLYPHAGA BOSTRICHIFORMIA

Th e European Dermestidae comprise only 139 species (less than 1% of the European Coleoptera fauna) yet they are the largest contributor to the database, with 40 species reported as aliens. Many species are synanthropic and associated with animal remains, leathers and skins, dried meats, woollens and furs (Delobel and Tran 1993), such as Dermestes vorax, D. frischi, D. maculatus, D. lardarius and Anthrenus fl avidus. Some species eat stored seeds such as Trogoderma granarium. Th e protraction of the number of larval stages and longevity in suboptimal nutritive media (Delobel and Tran 1993), as well as the relevance of the food product trade, explain partly how the damaging pests of this family have easily conquered new territories.

Th e Lyctidae (true powder-post beetles) are a very small family (13 species in Eu-rope) closely related to the Bostrichidae. All species are wood-borers, specializing on hardwoods. Th ey usually attack dry wood that is less than fi ve years old, and may be-come important pests of structural wood or furniture. As inhabitants of raw or manu-factured wood products, they are easily transported. Six species have been reported as aliens in Europe, but only one, Lyctus brunneus, has been established throughout the continent for more than 150 years.

Th e Bostrichidae (horned powder-post beetles) are a small family (37 native spe-cies in Europe). Th e native species are saproxylophages, whereas the aliens are either wood-borers or grain-feeders (apparently, some species show both feeding habits) (Lesne 1901). Seven species have been reported as aliens, and have been found in many countries. Th e wood-borers may cause important damage to manufactured objects, but the stored-product feeders (Dinoderus spp., Rhyzopertha dominica) are the most economically harmful. Among these, the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, has been observed in 34 countries/islands.


Th e Anobiidae have 19 alien species compared to 402 native species in Europe. About 11 species are associated with stored food products and include devastating pests such as Lasioderma sericorne which attacks a wide variety of dried products of animal or vegetable origin (Espanol 1992, Weidner et al. 1984). Several species attack soft woody matter: wood in the case of Ernobius mollis, but also books in the case of Nicobium castaneum, which can cause irrepairable damage. Many cryptogenic anobiid species are established in Europe for centuries, and may be found in many countries.

POLYPHAGA CUCUJIFORMIA

Th e Nitidulidae have 26 aliens compared with 219 native species in Europe. A third of these have occurred as far west as Macaronesia, but the other species have expanded their range in many countries of mainland Europe. As the majority of species are pollen-eaters, phytophagous, mycetophagous or predatory, they have a particular agronomic importance, damaging crops and stored food products. Among these, the 13 aliens species of the genus Carpophilus cause damage to dried fruits (Weidner et al. 1984).

Th e Cybocephalidae are a very small family, frequently subsumed within Nitidul-idae. Cybocephaline beetles are well known predators of armoured scale insects (Coc-coidea: Diaspididae) throughout tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions of the world (Kirejtshuk et al. 1997).Th ey are minute beetles, very convex and able to roll into a ball, as for Clambidae.

Th e Silvanidae (silvanid fl at bark beetles) are a small family (34 native species in Europe) of fl at beetles, formerly included in the Cucujidae. Th ese insects were original-ly mycetophages, living under the bark of trees, but the feeding habits of many species have adapted to grain and fruit feeding, so that they have become synanthropic pests of stored products (Ratti 2007). Nine species are listed in the database, among which three are cryptogenic, long-established species occuring in several countries, such as the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis.

Th e Laemophloeidae (lined fl at bark beetles) are a small family of fl at beetles with 23 native species in Europe, which was formerly included in the Cucujidae. Th ey are closely related to the Silvanidae, and show the same life history traits. Six species, belonging to the genus Cryptolestes, are reported as aliens in Europe. Th ey have estab-lished successfully in many countries.

Th e Phalacridae (shining fl ower beetles) are a small family of minute, rounded beetles. One North American species of Phalacrus has been recorded in the Azores, whose biological traits remain unknown (many species are micro-mycetophages).

Th e Cryptophagidae (silken fungus beetles) are an important family of myce-tophagous insects with 228 native species in Europe, living in various habitats. Ten species have been reported as aliens in Europe, which are now established in many countries (the Cryptophagidae have the widest species range). Th e majority of these species (Cryptophagus spp.) are cryptogenic, feeding on fungal spores or decaying veg-etal material, sometimes on stored products.


Th e Languriidae (lizard beetles) are a small family (12 native species in Europe) of phytophagous or saprophagous beetles. Th ree alien species are considered here, with a rather low dispersal rate. Nevertheless, Cryptophilus integer and Pharaxonotha kirschii are reported as pests of stored products.

Th e Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles) are a small family of mycetophagous bee-tles, with many species in saproxylic habitats. One Japanese species, Dacne picta, has possibly been introduced in Central Europe.

Th e Cerylonidae (minute bark beetles) are a small family of saproxylic beetles. Th ey just appear here because a well-known pest of stored grain, Murmidius ovalis, is now included in this family (formerly Murmidiidae). Th is is a cosmopolitan species probably originating from tropical Asia.

Th e Endomychidae (handsome fungus beetles) are a small family of mycetopha-gous beetles (Shockley 2009, Shockley et al. 2009b), closely related to the Coccinel-lidae. Two very small species (Holoparamecus spp.) are cryptogenic and may be found in many countries worldwide.

Th e Corylophidae (minute hooded beetles) are another small family of micro-mycetophagous beetles, which occur in a variety of habitats. One species, Orthoperus aequalis, from Australia, has now established in 10 countries within Europe.

Th e Latridiidae (minute hooded beetles) are also a small family with 171 native species in Europe and 17 aliens which are essentially mycetophagous and associated with stored food products, such as Dianerella fi lum or Cartodere nodifer. Th ese species are also plaster beetles which occupy wet places in the plastered walls of houses (Bouget and Vincent 2008). However, these latridiids do not appear to have an economic im-pact (Delobel and Tran 1993) and merely indicate bad food storage conditions.

Th e Trogositidae (bark-gnawing beetles) are a small family of saproxylic insects, living as saprophages or predators of other insects under the bark of trees. Th e three species reported here are predators of cosmopolitan pests of stored products.

Th e Cleridae (checkered beetles) are a conspicuous family of brightly coloured insects. Nearby all species are predators of other insects. Seven species are reported as aliens in the database, some of them (Necrobia spp.) established in Europe for a long time. Th ese are either predators of xylophagous beetles or predators of stored product insects, and thus likely to be transported everywhere with their prey. We include here in the Cleridae the small family Th anerocleridae, which shows life traits similar to the typical Cleridae, with one introduced species, Th aneroclerus buqueti.

Th e Acanthocnemidae, have only one alien species: Acanthocnemus nigricans which is attracted by forest fi res (Schmitz et al. 2002). Th e recent worldwide expansion of this species is due to the commercial export of Australian wood (Kreiss et al. 2005).

Th e Mycetophagidae (hairy fungus beetles) are a family of saproxylic insects, feed-ing on tree fungi. Two species, specialized on fungi growing on rotten vegetal material, are reported in the database. Typhaea stercorea is a well-known cryptogenic species, whereas Litargus balteatus is an American species found only recently in Europe

Th e Ciidae (minute tree-fungus beetles) are another family of saproxylic insects feeding on tree fungi. Only one species (out of 76 occurring in Europe) is reported


here as alien, Xylographus bostrichoides. Th is small insect probably originates from Asia and has to date been found in 19 European countries.

Th e Mordellidae (tumbling fl ower beetles) are a large family (256 native species in Europe) of fl ower-dwelling insects, with endophytic larvae. Only one species, Mordel-listena cattleyana, is considered as an alien in Europe. Th is is a neotropical insect whose larvae develop inside tissues of ornamental orchids (Costa Lima 1955). Th is behaviour may have enabled its importation through the horticultural trade, since it has been found in Germany and the Netherlands.

Th e Ripiphoridae, formerly spelled Rhipiphoridae (wedge-shaped beetles), are a small family of strange parasitic insects. Th eir larvae develop in other insect orders, namely Hymenoptera, Orthoptera or Dictyoptera. One species, Ripidius pectinicornis, has sometimes been found in harbours, along with its host cockroaches (mainly Blatta orientalis).

Th e Zopheridae (ironclad beetles) were previously included in the Colydiidae. Th is is a family of saproxylic, bark-living insects with 125 native species in Europe. Th e three species reported as aliens in Europe are probably predators of other saproxylic insects. Th ey are established in one country only, or a small number of countries in the case of Pycnomerus inexpectus, a species found in tropical greenhouses.

Th e Tenebrionidae is mainly composed of saprophagous species. Many species are xerophiles or thermophiles, which explains their predominance in areas with hot climate and their low representation in more temperate zones (Dajoz 2002). About 15 tenebrio-nid alien species are present in Europe (1.1% of European tenebrionid fauna). Th e ma-jority of these species are associated with spoiled or wet cereals (Weidner et al. 1984). Th ey include very damaging pests, such as species of Tribolium, which enter cracks in wet or already damaged seeds, and Alphitobius spp., which feed on mildewed food products.

Th e Salpingidae (narrow-waisted bark beetles) are a small family of saproxylic bee-tles with 18 native species in Europe. One species only is mentioned here, Aglenus brun-neus, formerly included in the Colydiidae (Zopheridae). It is a very small, blind insect, often found in stables or poultry houses, where it feeds on animal waste (Dajoz 1977).

Th e Anthicidae (antlike fl ower beetles) are small beetles resembling ground bee-tles. Four species are considered as aliens, among 310 native species living in Europe. Th ese insects typically feed on rotten vegetal material, which has been heated through fermentation. Th ese life history traits probably enable a wide tolerance to cold tem-peratures, and some species are cosmopolitan, found everywhere in the world, from tropical to boreal climates, e.g. Omonadus fl oralis, recorded in 40 countries.

8.5.3 Temporal trends

Some Coleoptera species were introduced to Europe a very long time ago. Fossils of alien species have even been found in archeological sites, such as the blind fl ightless beetle Aglenus brunneus in Iceland (Buckland et al. 2009) and Amara aulica (alien but native in Europe), which arrived in the Faroe islands with the Viking settlers


(Brandt 2006). But the fi rst date of introduction of a new species into a country is often diffi cult to establish. A species could have been present for years without its presence being noticed immediately. Particularly relevant here are small or incon-spicuous species lacking agronomic or economic impact (e.g. Ptiliidae), and mem-bers of neglected or hard to identify taxonomic groups (e.g. Cryptophagidae and Staphylinidae).

Th e precise date of the fi rst record is available for 201 species (i.e. 73.1% of aliens). Th e fi rst statistical data derives from the beginning of the 19th century with the intro-duction of the nitidulid Carpophilus hemipterus in 1800 by the historical opening of trade routes (Audisio 1993). Th en comes the trogossitid Tenebroides mauritanicus in 1803, and the anobiid Nicobium castaneum in 1807. Th e endomychid Holoparamecus depressus arrived in 1843 and the anobiid Lasioderma sericorne in 1848. Th ese detriti-vores are all associated with stored food products or wood.

We observed an accelerating increase in the number of new records per year (fi g-ure 8.5.2), from 0.1 p.a. between 1800–1849 to 3.5 p.a. during 2000–2007, with an intermediate level of 1.3 p.a. during the period 1900–1924. During this last period, 33 new alien species were recorded, including 14 alone for the year 1900. Th is unex-pected increase coincides with the industrial revolution of the fi rst developing Euro-pean countries (Cosseron and Faverjon 1991) (Great Britain, Belgium, France, and Germany) and with the increase in imports ensuing from it.

8.5.4 Biogeographic patterns

8.5.4.1 Origin of alien species

Alien species come from all continents except Antarctica (fi gure 8.5.3) (arthropods most represented on this continent are Collembola and mites rather than beetles)(Schulte et al. 2008). Th e considerable periods of environmental stress in Antarctic (Benoit et al. 2009) limit the diversity of insects, even though a very few beetles do occur there (Vernon et al. 1999), such as the ground-beetles Amblysogenium pacifi cum and A. minimum. Th ese factors explain easily the absence of invasives coming from Antarctic.

About 82 aliens have origins currently considered cryptogenic. Th ese are cosmo-politan species or distributed mainly in on one or more ecozones, with a tendency to become cosmopolitan. Th is is particularly the case with the cryptophagid Cryptophagus cellaris, a holarctic species which has become practically cosmopolitan following inter-national commercial exchanges (Delobel and Tran 1993).

Asia is the most important source of aliens, with 58 species established in Europe (21%), comprising Dermestidae (13 spp.), Staphylinidae (8 spp.), Nitidulidae (6 spp.), Anthicidae (4 spp.) and Carabidae (3 spp.). Th ese families are generally associated with stored products, crops, decomposing matter such as compost, and to a lesser extent with wood. Th e 16 other families number one or two species of aliens each.


About 35 aliens come from Africa and these comprise Nitidulidae (5 spp.), Cara-bidae (3 spp.), Histeridae (3 spp.), Hydrophilidae (3 spp.) and Tenebrionidae (3 spp.). Nitidulidae and Tenebrionidae have been transported through stored food products. Th e mode of introduction is unknown for Carabidae and Hydrophilidae. Th ere are also 14 other families having one or two alien species, which are partly associated with stored food products and wood.

Th e 55 aliens coming from the American continent (20% of the all alien species to Europe), include 24 species from North America and 31 species from Central and South America. From North America, the principal families are Dermestidae (7 spp.), Nitidulidae (6 spp.) and Tenebrionidae (4 spp.). Four species of Staphylinidae and four species of Ptiliidae derive from Central and South America. As for Asia and Africa, the neoarctic and neotropic aliens are mainly associated with foodstuff s and cultures. About 16 other families coming from America with one or two alien species have also been recorded in Europe.

Relatively few aliens originate from Australia. Th e 25 species of Australian origin include Latridiidae (4 spp.), Ptiliidae (4 spp.) and Staphylinidae (3 spp.). Th ese species have no economic impact. Th e 12 other families include one or two alien species each, among which are species of the stored food products (Ptinus ocellus, Anthrenus oceani-cus, Brachypeplus mauli) or living under the tree bark (Ptinella cavelli and P. errabunda).

Th e aliens with a specifi cally tropical origin (Pantropical) are the least presented in Europe with 20 species, that is to say 7% of all exotic species to Europe. Th e families

Figure 8.5.2. Temporal changes in the mean number of new records per year of alien Coleoptera spe-cies of families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coc-cinelidae, from 1800 to 2007. Th e number over each bar indicates the absolute number of species newly recorded per time period.


with the most species are Anobiidae (3 spp.), Bostrichidae (3 spp.) and Tenebrionidae (3 spp.). Th e eight other families have only one or two species each. Th ese tropical aliens are associated with stored food products and fruits.

During diff erent time slices, the origin of alien species has increasingly diversifi ed (fi gure 8.5.4). Th e number of ecozones represented has increased from three (Africa, Asia, Pantropical) during 1800–1849 to six since 1950–1974 (Africa, Asia, Australa-sia, Central and South America, North America, Pantropical). Th e geographic source has also varied temporally although Asia has always been both an important and early region of origin. Th is situation can be explained by the opening of the trade route between Europe and India by the Cape of Good Hope at the end of the 15th century (which was also the sole sea route before the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869) and the strong Western infl uence which followed, the opium wars and the East India Com-panies, which revolutionized methods and the extent of the trade with Asia.

We highlight especially two ambiguous periods for biological invasions: 1850–1899 and 1925–1949. During the fi rst period, no new record of an alien from Africa was recorded in Europe. Th e same goes for the second period with a fall of the number of new arrivals detected from South America (nine in 1900–1924 and only two in 1925–1949). Th ese phenomena may coincide with the Great Depression, the result of the economic crisis of 1929 (Cosseron and Faverjon 1991, Gravereau and Trauman 2001), which aff ected both the level of protectionism on trade routes and the overall volume of international economic exchange between Europe and its colonies. Th e consequence for South America, Asia and Africa was “the crisis of dessert products”, coinciding with the fall of the purchasing power in Europe and North America. Th us in Brazil for exam-ple, in an attempt to control the market, coff ee was burned in engines (Launay 1999).

Figure 8.5.3. Origin of the Coleoptera species alien to Europe of families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae


Th e late arrival of aliens to Europe from North America is remarkable (fi rst record in 1935) and probably corresponds to weak exports of foodstuff s towards Europe (ex-cept cereals). For forest biotopes especially, the North American component of species is small and of limited economic impact in Europe (Dajoz 2007).

8.5.4.2 Distribution of alien species within Europe and their range expansion

Th e majority of European countries have been directly aff ected by alien species (fi g-ure 8.5.5), but there is a very great mismatch in the number of species present in one country versus another.

Th e archipelago of Svalbard, with an insect fauna of a meagre 230 species (Coulson 2007), seems free from aliens. As in the case of Antarctica, the strong environmental contraints (harsh temperatures, shortened seasons and strong winds) have evidently limited the colonization of insects (Hulle et al. 2008) and geographical isolation has posed a barrier. For Macedonia there is a lack of readily accessible data (Tomov 2009), which has prevented us updating the situation there.

Th e countries/islands most aff ected by aliens are France (126), Germany (107), It-aly (101), Austria (98), Great Britain (97), Switzerland (91), the archipelago of Azores (92), Denmark (89) and the Czech Republic (84).

Figure 8.5.4. Temporal changes in the origin of the Coleoptera species alien to Europe of families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae


Th e number of aliens per country is not signifi cantly correlated with Global Do-mestic Product per capita (International Monetary Fund), latitude, nor longitude of the centroid of the country. In contrast, the number of aliens per country is signifi -cantly correlated with import (Spearman-Rho 0.650, P-value < 0.001) from 2003 to 2008 (Th e World Factbook) and also more weakly with area (Spearman-Rho 0.432, P-value < 0.01).

In spite of its geographical isolation (1500km from Europe, 1450km from Africa and 3900km from North America) and its small area, the archipelago of Azores has a large number of aliens. Since their historical discovery, the geographic position of the Azores has made the islands a strategic harbour for transatlantic ships, resulting in the introduction overall of several hundreds of taxa (Haggar 1988, Heleno 2008). Twenty-four alien species have been recorded exclusively in the Azores archipelago.

Figure 8.5.5. Comparative colonization of continental European countries and islands by by the Cole-optera species alien to Europe of families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomeli-dae sensu lato and Coccinelidae. Archipelago: 1 Azores 2 Madeira 3 Canary islands.


Indeed, alien native species in Europe have colonized islands more than other con-tinental countries. Th e archipelago of Azores is the most aff ected with 126 alien species to Europe, followed by Great Britain (with 58 aliens), Faroe Islands (32 aliens) and Canary Islands (32 aliens). Perhaps surprisingly, Austria is the most important conti-nental country aff ect by alien native to Europe, with 13 species.

8.5.5 Main pathways to Europe

Th e most important pathways for accidental invasions of exotic species to Europe are those closely bound to international transport, whereas the most important processes relating to deliberate introductions are the biological control of agricultural pests and the pollination of crops (Ruiz and Carlton 2003). Rapidly developing international trade and the reduction of travel times by air to less than two days, have meant that a living insect can be transported almost any part of the world (Mouchet et al. 1995).

Only three species have been introduced intentionally in Europe, two for biologi-cal control. Th e fi rst is the cybocephalid beetle Cybocephalus nipponicus, originating in South Korea (Evans et al. 2005) and introduced into Italy for the control of cochineals bugs (Diaspididae) (Lupi 2002). Th e second species is Ripidius pectinicornis (Ripi-phoridae), a parasitoid of the german cockroach Blattella germanica (Falin 2001) which was released from culture and is now present in several European countries (Bétis 1912). Th e third species is the tenebrionid Zophobas morio which has been used for bird and especially lizard food (Th omas 1995).

About 98.9% of aliens have been introduced accidently in Europe. Th e exact path-way of introduction is diffi cult to establish. Th e introduction vector is unknown for 123 aliens out of the total of 275. Th eses aliens are essentially detritiphagous, saproxy-lophagous or predatory species.

Th e fi rst clearly identifi ed means of importation is via stored products and crops (approximately 120 aliens, or 40%). Th is can be explained by the importance of the international stored products trade (cereals, fruits and vegetables) and the primary position of Coleoptera as pests of stored products (Delobel and Tran 1993). About 20 Coleoptera have been implicated directly in the transport of woods. Some species have been found in wood derivatives such as Dinoderus minutus, a bostrichid intro-duced with furniture and bamboo-work (Lesne 1901). Few species have been identi-fi ed as transported with horticultural or ornamental products, despite the increase of economic importance of ornamental pot plants (Lawson 1996), in sharp contrast for example to the situation in Lepidoptera (see Chapter 11). However, the level may be underestimated for this route, as some Coleoptera tend to occur in compost and may pass unnoticed via the pot plant trade.

Th e extruded starch products used as impact protection for fragile packing can even be a food source for stored grains pests (Fraga et al. 2009) as for Cryptolestes fer-rugineus, Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castaneum. Th us starch-packings could become a new vector of introductions in the future.


8.5.6 Most invaded ecosystems and habitats

Th e anthropogenic habitats most strongly colonized by coleopteran alien species (fi g-ure 8.5.6), are buildings (50%), cultivated lands (20%) and forest habitats (10%). Th e large proportion of species associated with foodstuff s explains this relation. Conversely, the weak colonization of pseudo-natural habitats can be explained by the near-absence of phytophagous, and more particularly phyllophagous species among the coleop-teran families treated here. Th is result contrasts with the situation for other groups of predominantly phytophagous insects (Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Lepidoptera: Chapter 8.1, 8.3, 11).

In spite of the popularity of exotic species for the aquatic animal and plant trade (Leppäkoski et al. 2002) and the fact that migrating waterfowl can transport aquatic invertebrates or their eggs (Figuerola et al. 2003), surprisingly no water beetle has been introduced into Europe, except for the dytiscid Megadytes costalis (again contrasting with the situation for Lepidoptera, the aquatic Pyraloidea: Chapter 11). Th is low im-portance of the aquatic route in Coleoptera is also observed in the United States, where only 2.2% of the invasive arthropods are aquatics (Pimentel et al. 2005).

8.5.7 Ecological and economics impacts

Most alien species do not become invasive in their new locations (Genovesi and Shine 2003). It is often diffi cult to predict whether a new introduction will actually become established (Streito and Martinez 2008). However, the subset of alien species that are invasive may have signifi cant environmental, economic and public health impacts and threaten the wholesale homogenisation of ecosystems (Sefrova 2005).

Invasive alien species are now considered to be the second greatest cause of global biodiversity loss after direct habitat destruction (Simberloff 2001) and have adverse environmental, economic and social impacts from the local level upwards.

Th e invasion of most Coleoptera treated here bears a direct relation to human pres-ence (synanthropic species). Th eir impact is essentially with stored foodstuff s which they can extensively damage (Sefrova 2005). Coleoptera damaging stored food products on a global economic scale are very few (Delobel and Tran 1993), but include several species of aliens in Europe, among which are Cryptolestes ferrugineus, C. pusillus, Lasioderma ser-ricorne, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, T. confu-sum and Trogoderma granarium. Th e impact of insect pests in a given situation can widely fl uctuate depending on various parameters, in particular on production levels and the commercial value of those products infested both in time and in a geo-economic context. However, these synanthropic species are not known to have a direct eff ect on biodiversity.

Th e situation for agronomic and forest species can be diff erent. Th e buprestid Agrilus planipennis, recently recorded in European Russia, is a very good example. Th is xylophagous East Asian species is presently causing signifi cant damage to ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America (Baranchikov et al. 2008). A. planipennis has killed


over 15 million forest and ornamental trees in several US States in less than 10 years (Poland and McCullough 2006). It is alarming that European ash trees are not more resistant than those of North America (Baranchikov et al. 2008). Agrilus planipennis could become a serious pest in Europe with a dramatic economy impact as well as potentially for biodiversity associated with Fraxinus.

Many species are associated with compost and even while their economical impact may be negligible (as mainly predators or detritivores), ecological disruption may still occur. Th is appears to be the case with the Staphylinid Lithocharis ochracea. Th is native beetle has declined, supplanted by the alien species L. nigriceps (Ødegaard and Tøm-merås 2000, Tronquet 2006).

Even if the eradication of invasive species seems possible in Europe and in particu-lar for mammals (Genovesi 2005), the possibility of eradication of invasive Coleoptera appears much more remote.

8.5.8 Conclusion

On of the most striking consequences of globalization is the increase in the problem of invasive species (Perrings et al. 2005). Th e volume of international trade and travel is now so great, and the modes of entry so varied, that not all consignments or routes of entry can be screened (Levine and D’Antonio 2003). Th ree categories are particu-larly important to highlight for the coleopteran alien species treated here: synantropic

Figure 8.5.6. Main European habitats colonized by the Coleoptera species alien to Europe of fami-lies other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae. Th e number over each bar indicates the absolute number of alien coleopterans recorded per habitat. Note that a species may have colonized several habitats.


Figure 8.5.7. Habitus of some Coleoptera species alien to Europe. a Ernobius mollis b Tribolium casta-neum c Oryzaephilus surinamensis d Alphitobius diaperinus e Cryptolestes duplicatus f Dermestes lardarius g Gnathocerus cornutus h Rhizopertha dominica i Necrobia rufi collis j Trechicus nigriceps k Lyctus brunneus l Gibbium psylloides (Credit: Pierre Zagatti).

a

b

d

c

e

f

g

h

i k

l

1 mmj


habitats with essentially stored products, compost (probably that associated with orna-mental plants), and forest or wood-derived products.

Acknowledgements

We thank Alain Roques and David Roy for their useful comments on the manuscript and David Lees for linguistic improvements.

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O,

SI, E

S, E

S-BA

L, E

S-C

AN,

CH

, UA

Jso

ft w

ood

furn

iture

, old

bo

oks

Espa

nol (

1992

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

969)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

, Šef

rova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Ozo

gnat

hus

corn

utus

(LeC

onte

, 18

59)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

2005

, ES

MT,

RO

, ES

Jde

ad w

ood

Alle

man

d (2

008)

, Ber

cedo

et a

l. (2

005)

, Zah

radn

ik a

nd M

ifsud

(2

005)

Pseu

deur

ostu

s hill

eri

(Rei

tter 1

877)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

1993

, DE

DK

, DE

Jlik

ely

scav

enge

r an

d in

habi

tant

of

resid

ues,

pote

ntia

l m

inor

pes

t of

feed

mill

s and

w

areh

ouse

sPt

iline

urus

m

arm

orat

us

(Rei

tter,

1877

)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Asia

1999

, FR

FR, S

EG

trees

Impe

rial I

nstit

ute

of E

ntom

olog

y (1

930)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Ptin

us b

icinc

tus

Stur

m 1

837

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

56, F

RAT

, BY,

BE,

BA,

BG

, HR

, C

Z, D

K, E

E, F

I, FR

, FR

-C

OR

, DE,

HU

, IT,

IT-S

AR,

LV, N

L, N

O, P

L, R

O, R

U,

RS,

SK

, SI,

ES, S

E, C

H, U

A

J1sto

red

prod

ucts

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9)

Ptin

us cl

avip

es Pa

nzer

, 179

2C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

Unk

now

nEE

, LV,

MT,

ES-

CAN

, GB

J1sto

red

prod

ucts,

fu

rD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

969)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi

(200

0)Pt

inus

fur

(Lin

naeu

s 175

8)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1940

, BG

AL, A

D, A

T, B

Y, B

E, B

A,

BG, H

R, C

Y, C

Z, D

K,

EE, F

Ö, F

I, FR

, FR

-CO

R,

DE,

GR

, HU

, IS,

IE, I

T,

IT-S

AR, I

T-SI

C, L

V, L

I, LT

, LU

, MT,

MD

, NL,

NO

, PL

, PT,

PT-

AZO

, PT-

MAD

, RO

, RU

, RS,

SK

, SI,

ES,

ES-B

AL, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H,

UA,

GB

J1, J

6w

aste

, drie

d ve

geta

lsBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff (

2008

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tom

ov

(200

9)

Ptin

us la

tro

Fabr

iciu

s, 17

75C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1850

, CZ

AL, A

T, B

Y, B

E, B

A, B

G,

HR

, CY,

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FI,

FR, F

R-C

OR

, DE,

GR

, G

R-C

RE,

HU

, IE,

IT, I

T-SA

R, I

T-SI

C, L

V, L

I, LT

, LU

, MT,

MD

, NL,

NO

, PL

, PT,

PT-

AZO

, PT-

MAD

, RO

, RS,

SK

, SI,

ES, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H, U

A, G

B

Jol

d w

ood,

sy

nant

hrop

icBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et

al. (

1969

), Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, Tom

ov (2

009)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Ptin

us te

ctus

Boiel

dieu

185

6A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

1916

, DE

AT, B

Y, B

E, B

A, B

G, H

R,

CY,

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FÖ

, FI,

FR, D

E, G

R, H

U, I

E, IT

, LV

, LT,

LU

, MD

, NL,

NO

, PL

, PT,

PT-

AZO

, RU

, RS,

SK

, SI,

ES, S

E, C

H, U

A,

GB

J1sto

red

prod

ucts

Alle

man

d (2

008)

, Ben

gtso

n (1

981)

, Duff

(20

08),

Witt

enbe

rg

et a

l. (2

006)

Trico

rynu

s tab

aci

(Gué

rin-M

énev

ille,

18

50)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1965

, CZ

HR

, CZ

, DK

, FR

, DE,

ITJ

seed

s, sto

red

prod

ucts;

cr

atae

gus i

n na

tive

fi eld

s

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), Š

efro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5)

Trig

onog

eniu

s gl

obul

us S

olie

r, 18

49

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1939

, CZ

CZ

, DK

, GB

Jdr

ied

anim

al

prod

ucts,

inse

cts,

herb

ariu

m, s

tore

d pr

oduc

ts

Duff

(20

08),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5)

An

thic

idae

Anth

icus c

rinitu

s La

Fer

te-S

enec

tere

, 18

49

Aun

know

nAs

iaU

nkno

wn

CY,

GR

, GR

-SEG

, MT,

PT

-MAD

Jan

thro

po ph

ilous

, la

rva

scav

enge

rPo

llock

and

Ivie

(199

6)

Anth

icus

czer

noho

rskyi

Pic

, 19

12

Aun

know

nAs

ia19

82, I

TIT

UD

egio

vann

i and

Pez

zi (2

007)

Om

onad

us fl

oral

is (L

inna

eus 1

758)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

51,

HR

, BG

AL, A

T, B

A, B

G, H

R, C

Y,

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FI,

FR, F

R-

CO

R, D

E, G

R, G

R-C

RE,

G

R-I

ON

, GR

-SEG

, HU

, IE

, IT,

IT-S

AR, I

T-SI

C, L

V,

LI, L

T, M

T, N

L, N

O, P

L,

PT, P

T-AZ

O, P

T-M

AD,

RO, R

U, S

K, E

S, E

S-BA

L,

ES-C

AN, S

E, C

H

J6ve

geta

l dec

ay,

detr

itiph

age,

m

ycop

hage

, adu

lt pr

edat

or

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), H

emp

and

Det

tner

(200

3), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tom

ov (2

009)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Stric

ticom

us to

bias

(D

e Mar

seul 1

879)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1944

, IT

AT, B

Y, B

E, C

Z, D

K, E

E,

FR, F

R-C

OR

, DE,

HU

, IT

, IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, LV,

LT

, MT,

MD

, NL,

PT,

PT-

MAD

, SK

, ES,

ES-

CAN

, SE

, CH

, GB

I, J1

rotte

n ve

geta

l tis

sues

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

, Tel

nov

(199

6),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Ap

ho

dii

dae

Apho

dius

gra

cilis

Bohe

man

, 185

7A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Edu

ngBa

raud

(198

5)

Sapr

osite

s men

dax

Blac

kbur

n, 1

892

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

21, G

BG

BI2

rotti

ng w

ood;

in

borin

gs o

f Dor

cus

and

Sino

dend

ron

beet

les

Bara

ud (1

992)

, Duff

(20

08),

Paul

ian

and

Bara

ud (1

982)

Sapr

osite

s nat

alen

sis

(Per

ingu

ey, 1

901)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a19

82, G

BG

BI2

rotti

ng w

ood

Duff

(20

08)

Tesa

rius c

aela

tus

(Lac

onte

, 185

7)A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a19

76, G

BG

BU

Bara

ud (1

992)

, Duff

(20

08)

Bo

stri

chid

ae

Apat

e mon

achu

s Fa

bric

ius,

1775

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

FR, F

R-C

OR

, IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, ES

G3,

I2po

lyph

agou

s ste

m

bore

r, fru

it tre

es,

Acac

ia

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), L

esne

(1

901)

Bostr

ycho

plite

s co

rnut

us (O

livie

r 17

90)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

DK

, DE,

IT, E

S, S

EJ

timbe

r (et

hnic

ca

rved

woo

den

bow

ls an

d or

nam

ents

)

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Din

oder

us

bifo

veol

atus

(W

olla

ston,

185

8)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

AT, B

E, H

R, D

K, D

E, N

L,

PT-M

AD, S

K, E

S, S

E, C

H,

GB

Jba

mbo

o bo

rer

(N);

drie

d ca

ssav

a ch

ips a

nd st

ored

pr

oduc

ts

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), L

esne

(190

1)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Din

oder

us m

inut

us

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

75)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

65, C

ZAL

, BE,

CZ

, DK

, FR

, DE,

G

R, I

T, IT

-SAR

, IT-

SIC

, N

L, P

L, S

K, S

E, G

B

J,I2

bam

boo,

man

ioc

(Cas

sava

), sto

red

prod

ucts

(intro

)

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), L

esne

(190

1),L

esne

(1

904)

, Šef

rova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Rhyz

oper

tha

dom

inica

(F

abric

ius,

1792

)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

00, C

ZAL

, AT,

BY,

BE,

BG

, HR

, C

Y, C

Z, D

K, E

E, F

I, FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E, G

R, G

R-

SEG

, IE,

IT, I

T-SA

R, I

T-SI

C, L

V, M

T, N

L, P

L, P

T,

PT-A

ZO, R

O, S

K, E

S, E

S-BA

L, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H, G

B

J1sto

red

prod

ucts,

m

ainl

y ce

real

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Cob

os

(198

6), D

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et

al.

(196

9), L

esne

(190

1),

Lesn

e (1

904)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), Š

efro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)Si

noxy

lon

seneg

alen

se K

arsc

h,

1831

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

DE

JAc

acia

woo

d bo

rer

(N);

impo

rted

co

nstr

uctio

n w

ood

Lesn

e (1

901)

Het

erob

ostr

ychu

s ha

mat

ipen

nis

(Les

ne, 1

895)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Asia

2005

, BE

BEJ

xylo

phag

ous,

Salix

, osie

r goo

dsLe

sne

(190

1)

Bu

pre

stid

ae

Agril

us p

lani

penn

is Fa

irmai

re, 1

888

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Asia

2003

RUI2

Frax

inus

Bara

nchi

kov

et a

l. (2

008)

Bupr

estis

deco

ra

Fabr

iciu

s, 17

75A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sN

orth

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANI2

Cob

os (1

986)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Chr

ysob

othr

is do

rsata

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

87)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Afric

a19

86, E

SES

F5, I

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Car

abid

ae

Laem

oste

nus

com

plan

atus

(D

ejea

n, 1

828)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

FR, F

R-C

OR

, IE,

PT-

AZO

, ES

-CAN

, GB

B, J,

H

1lit

tora

l in

port

s, ce

llars

cav

esAn

ders

on e

t al.

(200

0), A

rndt

(2

006)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Duff

(20

08),

Jean

nel (

1942

), Lu

ff (1

998)

, Luff

(20

07),

Mac

hado

(197

6), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Per

raul

t (19

81),

Perr

ault

(198

4)Le

istus

nub

ivag

us

Wol

lasto

n, 1

864

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANU

Mac

hado

(197

6), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), Pe

rrau

lt (1

981)

Not

iobi

a cu

prip

enni

s (G

erm

ar, 1

824)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

C &

S

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nES

-CAN

I2se

eds o

f Am

aran

thus

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), Pe

rrau

lt (1

984)

Ploc

hion

us p

allen

s (F

abric

ius,

1775

)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

& S

Am

eric

a20

00, N

LD

K, F

R, D

E, H

U, I

T, N

LJ

in p

orts,

tr

ansp

orte

d w

ith

pean

uts,

raisi

n sto

rage

s

Trau

tner

and

Gei

genm

ulle

r (1

987)

, Val

embe

rg (1

997)

Pter

ostic

hus c

aspi

us

(Mén

étrié

s, 18

32)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

1980

, CZ

BG, C

ZU

Pred

ator

in

var

ious

en

viro

n men

ts,

pyro

philo

us

Hur

ka (1

996)

, (Še

frova

and

La

stuvk

a (2

005)

, Val

embe

rg

(199

7)

Som

otric

hus

unifa

sciat

us

(Dej

ean,

183

1)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

FR, I

TJ

pred

ator

of

beet

les i

n sto

red

prod

ucts,

avi

an

drop

ping

s

Jean

nel (

1942

), (V

alem

berg

(1

997)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Trec

hicu

s nig

ricep

s (D

ejea

n, 1

831)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

02, D

EAT

, BE,

BA,

BG

, HR

, CZ

, D

K, F

I, FR

, DE,

HU

, IT,

LV

, LI,

LU, M

D, N

L, N

O,

PL, P

T-AZ

O, P

T-M

AD, R

S,

SK, S

I, ES

, ES-

CAN

, SE,

C

H, U

A, G

B

I1, I

2,

J1, J

6co

mpo

st,

pred

ator

, gar

dens

; al

so in

pea

nuts

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

arlin

gton

(1

964)

, Duff

(20

08),

Hur

ka

(199

6), L

uff (

2007

), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Nec

ulise

anu

and

Mat

alin

(200

0), S

erra

no

et a

l. (2

003)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

, Tr

autn

er a

nd G

eige

nmul

ler

(198

7), V

alem

berg

(199

7),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)C

eryl

on

idae

Mur

mid

ius o

valis

(B

eck

1817

)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAs

iaU

nkno

wn

AL, A

T, D

K, F

R, D

E, H

U,

IT, P

L, C

H, G

BJ1

store

d pr

oduc

ts (fe

w d

amag

e-

port

s)

Duff

(20

08),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6), M

onco

utie

r (20

02)

Philo

ther

mus

m

onta

ndon

i Aub

e,

1843

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

FR, I

T

X11

bota

nica

l gar

den

Stoc

h: C

heck

list o

f the

spec

ies o

f th

e ita

lian

faun

a)

Cii

dae

Xylo

grap

hus

bostr

ycho

ides

(Duf

our 1

843)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

?U

nkno

wn

AT, B

Y, B

A, B

G, H

R, C

Z,

DK

, FR

, FR

-CO

R, G

R,

HU

, IT,

IT-S

AR, I

T-SI

C,

PL, R

O, S

K, E

S, U

A

Ife

eds o

n fu

ngi

Tom

ov (2

009)

Cla

mb

idae

Cla

mbu

s sim

soni

Bl

ackb

urn

1902

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

87, S

EAT

, FR

, DE,

NL,

SE,

GB

Gfo

rest,

fi re

woo

d,

com

post;

myc

o-ph

agou

s

Duff

(20

08),

Tam

isier

(200

4)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cle

rid

ae

Nec

robi

a ru

fi col

lis

(Fab

riciu

s 177

5)C

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1976

, LT

AT, D

K, E

E, F

I, H

U, L

T,

NO

, PT-

AZO

, SE,

CH

J1, J

6pr

edat

or o

n ol

d bo

nes,

deca

ying

an

imal

s

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

u C

hate

net (

2000

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6) N

ecro

bia

rufi p

es (D

e G

eer 1

775)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

35, L

TAT

, BG

, DK

, EE,

FI,

DE,

LT

, NO

, PT,

PT-

AZO

, SE,

C

H

J1, J

6pr

edat

or,

necr

opha

ge, s

eeds

w

ith o

il co

nten

t (c

opra

, soy

a),

drie

d fi s

h

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

u C

hate

net (

2000

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hai

nes a

nd R

ees (

1989

), To

mov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Nec

robi

a vi

olac

ea

(Lin

naeu

s 175

8)C

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1976

, LT

AT, D

K, F

I, H

U, L

T, N

O,

SE, C

HJ1

, J6

old

bone

s, pr

ey

dry

carr

ion

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), W

itten

berg

et

al.

(200

6) O

petio

palp

us

scute

llaris

(Pan

zer

1797

)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

AT, E

E, F

R, D

E, E

SJ

old

timbe

r hou

ses

Du

Cha

tene

t (20

00),

Freu

de e

t al

. (19

79)

Para

tillu

s car

us

(New

man

, 184

0)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orAu

stral

asia

1933

, GB

FR, G

BG

,I2pr

edat

or o

n Ly

ctiid

aeD

u C

hate

net (

2000

), D

uff

(200

8)Ta

rsoste

nus

univ

ittat

us (R

ossi,

17

92)

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

90, C

ZAT

, CZ

, CH

Jpr

edat

or o

n Bo

stryc

hida

e,

Anob

iidae

Du

Cha

tene

t (20

00),

Freu

de e

t al

. (19

79),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Th an

eroc

lerus

bu

quet

i (Le

febv

re,

1835

)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

1963

, CZ

CZ

, DE,

IT, P

LJ

pred

ator

on

inse

cts o

n to

bacc

o, ri

ce

(Las

iode

rma,

Ar

eaoc

erus

)

Du

Cha

tene

t (20

00),

Freu

de e

t al

. (19

79),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5)

Co

rylo

ph

idae

Ort

hope

rus a

equa

lis

Shar

p 18

85A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

Unk

now

nH

R, F

R, F

R-C

OR

, IT,

PT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, ES,

ES

-CAN

, CH

, GB

G, I

2Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Bow

este

ad

(199

9), D

uff (

2008

), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cry

pto

ph

agid

ae

Atom

aria

lew

isi

Reitt

er, 1

877

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1937

, GB

AL, A

T, B

Y, B

E, H

R, C

Z,

DK

, EE,

FI,

DE,

IT, L

V, L

T,

MD

, NO

, PL,

PT-

AZO

, SK

, SE

, CH

, UA,

GB

I2, J

1,

Gm

ycop

hage

; co

mpo

st, In

de

cayi

ng p

lant

m

ater

ial

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7), Ø

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås

(200

0), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Cae

nosce

lis

subd

epla

nata

C

.Bris

out d

e Ba

rnev

ille,

188

2

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1950

, GB

BY, H

R, C

Z, E

E, F

I, FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E, IT

, LV,

LT,

LU

, MT,

MD

, NL,

NO

, PL,

PT

-MAD

, RU

, SI,

ES, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H, U

A, G

B

G, X

11,

I2, F

Bm

ycop

hage

; fo

rests

In

deca

ying

woo

d an

d pl

ant m

ater

ial

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Rat

ti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., To

mov

(2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s ac

utan

gulu

s G

ylle

nhal

l, 18

28

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

56, B

GAL

, AT,

BY,

BE,

BA,

BG

, C

Z, D

K, E

E, F

I, FR

, DE,

IT

, LV,

LT,

PL,

RO

, RS,

SK

, SI

, SE,

CH

, UA,

GB

Jat

tic, m

ills

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s affi

nis

Stur

m 1

845

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

56, B

GAL

, BG

, CZ

, FR

, GR

, IT,

IT

-SIC

, LV,

MT,

PT-

AZO

, PT

-MAD

, RO

, ES-

CAN

, G

B

J fu

ngi,

dry

fruits

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

alco

z (19

29),

Freu

de e

t al

. (19

67),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi

(200

0), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), T

omov

(200

9)C

rypt

opha

gus

cella

ris (S

copo

li,

1763

)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

39, P

TAL

, AT,

BY,

BE,

BA,

BG

, H

R, C

Z, D

K, F

I, FR

, DE,

G

R, H

U, I

T, IT

-SIC

, LV,

M

T, M

D, N

L, N

O, P

L, P

T,

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

AD, R

O,

SK, S

I, ES

-CAN

, SE,

CH

, U

A, G

B

Jm

yco p

hago

us,

store

d pr

oduc

ts,

herb

ariu

ms,

inse

cts

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

alco

z (19

29),

Freu

de e

t al

. (19

67),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi

(200

0), M

onco

utie

r (20

02),

Tom

ov (2

009)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cry

ptop

hagu

s fal

lax

Balfo

ur-B

row

ne,

1953

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

00, C

ZAL

, AT,

BY,

BE,

BA,

BG

, C

Z, D

K, E

E, F

I, FR

, DE,

IE

, IT,

IT-S

IC, L

V, L

T, M

T,

NL,

PL,

RO

, RS,

SK

, SI,

SE, C

H, U

A, G

B

J1sto

red

prod

ucts

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s pilo

sus

Gyl

lenh

al 1

828

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

56, B

GBY

, BG

, FÖ

, FR

, LV,

PT-

AZO

, PT-

MAD

J1at

ticBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s su

bfum

atus

Kra

atz,

1856

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

56, B

GAD

, AT,

BY,

BE,

BA,

BG

, C

Z, D

K, E

E, F

I, FR

, FR

-C

OR

, DE,

IT, I

T-SA

R,

LV, L

T, M

D, N

L, N

O, P

L,

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

AD, S

K, S

I, ES

-CAN

, SE,

CH

, UA,

GB

J1dr

y fru

its, n

uts

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Tom

ov

(200

9)

Cur

elius

japo

nicu

s (R

eitte

r, 18

77)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

97, I

TD

E, IT

, MT,

ES,

ES-

CAN

Upr

obab

ly a

fung

us

feed

erPe

ck (2

009)

Hen

oticu

s ca

lifor

nicu

s (M

annh

erei

m

1843

)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nBY

, BE,

DK

, FR

, DE,

NL,

SE

, GB

J1sto

red

prod

ucts

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Rat

ti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

.)

Cyb

oce

ph

alid

ae

Aglyp

tinus

ag

athi

dioi

des B

lair

1930

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

a19

12, G

BES

-CAN

, GB

G,

F,I2

, Jpo

tters

bar

Duff

(20

08),

Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cybo

ceph

alus

ni

ppon

icus

Endr

ody-

Youn

ga,

1971

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

2002

, IT

ITJ1

00pr

edat

or o

f sca

les

Evan

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Lup

i (20

02),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Der

mes

tid

ae

Anth

reno

ceru

s au

stral

is (H

ope,

18

43)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

33, G

BFR

, NL,

GB

J1cl

othe

sD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et

al. (

1979

), H

ava

(200

3),

Hav

a. A

Cat

alog

ue o

f Wor

ld

Der

mes

tidae

., Re

emer

(200

3) An

thre

nus c

auca

sicus

Re

itter

, 188

1A

detr

iti-

voro

usAs

ia19

41, L

VAT

, LV,

PL

J1, I

2,

Ela

rva

scav

enge

r; ad

ult o

n fl o

wer

sFr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hav

a.

A C

atal

ogue

of W

orld

D

erm

estid

ae.,

Ruta

et a

l. (2

004)

Anth

renu

s fl a

vidu

s So

lsky,

1876

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1935

, PL

DE,

PL

J1, E

woo

d, p

aper

, le

athe

r and

w

oven

fabr

ics

in c

olle

ctio

ns in

m

useu

ms

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava.

A

Cat

alog

ue o

f Wor

ld

Der

mes

tidae

.)

Anth

renu

s fl a

vipe

s Le

Con

te, 1

854

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

55, P

LBG

, CZ

, DK

, IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, PL,

CH

, GB

J1, G

dom

estic

, fee

ds

on fu

rnitu

res,

fabr

ics,

etc.

, adu

lt po

llino

phag

e;

larv

a ne

cro-

phag

ous (

faec

es,

cada

vers

, pin

e pr

oces

sionn

ary

nests

)

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al

. (19

79),

Hav

a (2

003)

, H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of W

orld

D

erm

estid

ae.,

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Anth

renu

s oce

anicu

s Fa

uvel

, 190

3A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

2004

, CZ

CZ

, MT

J1, E

store

d pr

oduc

tsH

ava

(200

3), H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of

Wor

ld D

erm

estid

ae.,

Šefro

va

and

Lastu

vka

(200

5)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Atta

genu

s di

verse

pube

scens

Pic

, 19

36

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nD

EJ

store

d pr

oduc

tsH

ava

(200

3)

Atta

genu

s fas

ciatu

s (Th

unb

erg,

179

5)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1927

, DE

BG, D

E, IT

, MT,

GB

J1, J

6ne

cro p

hago

us, i

n ve

geta

lD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hav

a (2

003)

, Rat

ti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., To

mov

(2

009)

Atta

genu

s gob

icola

Fr

ival

dszk

y, 18

92A

detr

iti-

voro

usAs

ia-

Tem

pera

teU

nkno

wn

SEJ

store

d pr

oduc

tsH

ava

(200

3)

Atta

genu

s lyn

x (M

ulsa

nt &

Rey

, 18

68)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

Unk

now

nPL

Jsto

red

prod

ucts

Hav

a (2

003)

Atta

genu

s sm

irnov

i Z

hant

iev,

1973

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

73, R

UBY

, CZ

, DK

, LV,

NO

, PL,

RU

, CH

, GB

J1pe

st of

ani

mal

-or

igin

mat

eria

l (s

kin,

furs

, woo

l) bu

t also

bui

ldin

gs,

ento

mol

ogic

al

colle

ctio

ns

Bars

evsk

is et

al.

(200

4), D

uff

(200

8), H

ava

(200

3), R

uta

et

al. (

2004

), Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Atte

genu

s uni

colo

r Br

ahm

179

1C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1978

, GB

BG, C

Z, D

K, L

V, P

L, C

H,

GB

J1, J

6,

Edo

mes

tic, f

eeds

m

ainl

y on

fa

bric

s, ad

ult

polli

noph

age;

la

rva

necr

opha

gous

and

ce

real

s

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9),

Hav

a (2

003)

, Her

man

n an

d Ba

ena

(200

4), K

adej

(200

5),

Tom

ov (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Der

mest

es at

er D

e G

eer 1

774

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

68, G

BAT

, BG

, EE,

FR

, DE,

LT,

M

T, P

L, P

T-AZ

O, E

S-C

AN, C

H, G

B

J1, J

6ne

crop

hago

usD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hai

nes a

nd R

ees (

1989

), H

ava

(200

3), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), Še

frova

and

La

stuvk

a (2

005)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al

. (20

06)

Der

mest

es bi

colo

r Fa

bric

ius,

1781

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- te

mpe

rate

Unk

now

nES

-CAN

Jsto

red

prod

ucts

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

Der

mest

es ca

rniv

orus

Fa

bric

ius,

1775

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1919

, PL

BE, F

R, I

E, P

L, G

BJ1

, J6,

G

necr

opha

gous

in

hous

es, b

ird n

ests,

de

ad fi

sh

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

aine

s and

Re

es (1

989)

, Hav

a. A

Cat

alog

ue

of W

orld

Der

mes

tidae

.)D

erm

estes

coro

natu

s St

even

180

8A

detr

iti-

voro

usAs

iaU

nkno

wn

PLE

gras

sland

sH

ava

(200

3)

Der

mest

es fri

schi

Kug

elan

n, 1

792

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

62, G

BBG

, DK

, EE,

FR

, IE,

LV,

LT

, PT-

AZO

, GB

J1, J

6do

mes

ticBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(2

008)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

979)

, H

aine

s and

Ree

s (19

89),

Hav

a (2

003)

, Hav

a. A

Cat

alog

ue o

f W

orld

Der

mes

tidae

., M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tom

ov

(200

9)D

erm

estes

lard

ariu

s (L

inna

eus,

1758

)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1880

, BG

BG, D

K, E

E, F

R, H

U, L

TJ1

, J6

necr

opha

gous

but

in

veg

etal

mat

ters

(p

eanu

ts, c

orn)

, eg

gs p

reda

tion

Cam

erin

i (20

09),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

aine

s and

Ree

s (19

89),

Hav

a (2

003)

, Hav

a. A

Cat

alog

ue

of W

orld

Der

mes

tidae

., To

mov

(2

009)

Der

mest

es lee

chi

Kal

ík, 1

952

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

Unk

now

nES

, GB

Jcr

ushe

d bo

nes

Duff

(20

08),

Hav

a (2

003)

, H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of W

orld

D

erm

estid

ae.)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Der

mest

es m

acul

atus

D

e G

eer,

1774

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

71, P

LAL

, AT,

BG

, FR

, IE,

LT,

M

T, P

L, P

T, P

T-AZ

O, C

H,

GB

J1, J

6do

mes

tic,

on a

nim

al

prod

ucts,

fabr

ics,

necr

opha

gous

bu

t in

vege

tal

mat

ter(

corn

ke

rnel

s)

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9),

Hai

nes a

nd R

ees (

1989

), 88

180,

W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Der

mest

es pe

ruvi

anus

Lap

orte

de

Cas

teln

au, 1

840

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1919

, PL

AT, C

Z, F

R, D

E, IT

, PL,

ES

-CAN

, CH

, GB

J1, J

6,

Gdo

mes

tic, o

n an

imal

pro

duct

s, fa

bric

s;,

necr

opha

gous

but

in

veg

etal

mat

ter

(cor

n ke

rnel

s)

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

aine

s an

d Re

es (1

989)

, Hav

a (2

003)

, M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5)

Der

mest

es vo

rax

Mot

schu

lsky,

1860

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

Unk

now

nIT

Jde

triv

orou

sFr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hav

a (2

003)

Nov

elsis

horn

i (J

ayne

, 188

2)A

detr

iti-

voro

usC

& S

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

NL

JH

ava

(200

3), H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of

Wor

ld D

erm

estid

ae.)

Orp

hinu

s ful

vipe

s G

uerin

-Men

evill

e 18

38

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

FR, G

BJ

store

d pr

oduc

tsD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hav

a (2

003)

Phra

dono

ma

trico

lor (

Arro

w,

1915

b:43

1)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Tr

opic

alU

nkno

wn

DK

, NL

JH

ava

(200

3), H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of

Wor

ld D

erm

estid

ae.)

Reesa

vesp

ulae

(M

illiro

n, 1

939)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

, GB

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FR

, DE,

IT,

LV, N

O, S

E, C

H, G

BJ1

dom

estic

pla

ces

and

in m

useu

m

colle

ctio

ns

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3), M

artin

ez

and

Coc

quem

pot (

1985

), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Sefra

nia

bleu

sei P

ic

1899

A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

1998

, PL

FR, P

LJ1

, J6

fi sh

bone

s, w

indo

w si

lls,

ento

mol

ogic

al

colle

ctio

ns

Beal

and

Kad

ej (2

008)

, Hav

a (2

003)

, Hav

a. A

Cat

alog

ue o

f W

orld

Der

mes

tidae

., Ru

ta e

t al.

(200

4) Te

lope

s hey

deni

Re

itter

187

5A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

Unk

now

nFR

J1Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hav

a (2

003)

Th au

mag

lossa

ru

foca

pilla

ta

Redt

enba

cher

, 18

67

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

, Afri

caU

nkno

wn

DE,

NL

Ueg

g ca

ses o

f m

antid

sFr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Hav

a (2

003)

Th or

ictod

es he

yden

i Re

itter

, 187

5C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1958

, IT

ITJ1

store

d se

eds,

pean

uts

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3)Th

ylodr

ias c

ontra

ctus

Mot

schu

lsky,

1839

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

1935

, IT

FR, I

T, G

BJ1

anim

al m

ater

ials

Duff

(20

08),

Šefro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3)Tr

ogod

erm

a an

gustu

m (S

olie

r, 18

49)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1921

, PL

AT, C

Z, D

K, D

E, L

V, L

T,

PL, S

E, C

HJ1

dom

estic

sit

uatio

ns a

nd

in m

useu

m

colle

ctio

ns

Bars

evsk

is et

al.

(200

4), F

reud

e et

al

. (19

79),

Hav

a (2

003)

, Rut

a et

al

. (20

06),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Trog

oder

ma

glab

rum

(Her

bst,

1783

)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

04, B

GAT

, BG

, DK

, FR

, LV,

LT,

C

H, G

BJ1

dom

estic

sit

uatio

ns a

nd in

ne

sts o

f sol

itary

w

asps

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3), T

omov

(2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Trog

oder

ma

gran

ariu

m E

vert

s, 18

98

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1895

, GB

AL, A

T, B

G, C

Z, D

K, D

E,

HU

, IE,

IT, I

T-SA

R, I

T-SI

C, P

L, C

H, G

B

J1sto

red

prod

ucts,

es

peci

ally

cer

eals

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3), Š

efro

va

and

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Trog

oder

ma

inclu

sum

LeC

onte

, 18

54

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1956

, GB

AL, I

T, P

L, G

BJ1

psyc

hoph

age,

sto

red

prod

ucts

Duff

(20

08),

Hav

a (2

003)

, H

erm

ann

and

Baen

a (2

004)

, R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

.)Tr

ogod

erm

a in

sula

re

Che

vrol

at, 1

863

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nFR

Jsto

red

prod

ucts

Hav

a (2

003)

Trog

oder

ma

long

iseto

sum

Cha

o &

Lee

, 196

6

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

2005

, CZ

AL, C

ZJ1

store

d pr

oduc

tsH

ava

(200

3), H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of

Wor

ld D

erm

estid

ae.,

Šefro

va

and

Lastu

vka

(200

5)Tr

ogod

erm

a m

egat

omoi

des

Reitt

er, 1

881

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1900

, CZ

AL, A

T, C

Z, F

R, I

T, N

L, S

EJ1

inse

cts i

n co

llect

ion

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), H

ava

(200

3), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5)Tr

ogod

erm

a va

riabi

le Ba

llion

, 18

78

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1978

, GB

CZ

, FI,

IT, L

V, S

E, G

BJ1

whe

at, a

ny d

ry

vege

tal a

nd

anim

al st

ored

pr

oduc

ts in

w

areh

ouse

; maj

or

pest

Duff

(20

08),

Hav

a (2

003)

, H

ava.

A C

atal

ogue

of W

orld

D

erm

estid

ae.,

Šefro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Trog

oder

ma

versi

colo

r (C

reut

zer,

1799

)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

cU

nkno

wn

ATJ

eggs

pre

datio

nC

amer

ini (

2009

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

Dyt

isci

dae

Meg

adyt

es co

stalis

Fa

bric

ius,

1775

A pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

C &

S

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nG

BU

pred

ator

Duff

(20

08)

Ela

teri

dae

Car

diop

horu

s tay

lori

Cob

os, 1

970

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Afric

a19

52, D

ED

EU

unkn

own

Con

oder

us p

ostic

us

(Esc

hsch

oltz

)A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sC

& S

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

Chr

ysan

them

oide

s m

onili

fera

Borg

es (1

990)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Pans

paeu

s gut

tatu

s Sh

arp,

187

7A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sAu

stral

asia

1981

, GB

GB

Uun

know

nD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

En

do

myc

hid

ae

Hol

opar

amec

us

caul

arum

Aub

e,

1843

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

37, F

R,

FR-C

OR

AT, B

G, F

R, F

R-C

OR

, DE,

C

HI,

J, J6

on fu

ngus

, on

deca

ying

pla

nt

mat

eria

l, at

tic

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

onco

utie

r (2

002)

, Sho

ckle

y et

al.

(200

9a),

Tom

ov (2

009)

Hol

opar

amec

us

depr

essus

Cur

tis,

1833

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

43, F

RD

K, F

RJ,

J6fl o

ur, d

ry fr

uits,

m

edic

inal

pla

nts,

deca

yed

woo

d

Cur

tis (1

836)

, Sho

ckle

y et

al.

(200

9a)

Ero

tyli

dae

Dac

ne p

icta

Cro

tch,

18

73A

detr

iti-

voro

usAs

ia19

54,

FR-C

OR

AL, C

Z, F

R, F

R-C

OR

, IT,

PL

, ES

Jsh

itake

m

ushr

oom

sIa

blok

off -K

hnzo

rian

(197

5),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5)H

iste

rid

ae

Car

cinop

s pum

ilio

(Eric

hson

, 183

4)C

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1995

, LT

AT, B

G, D

E, L

V, L

T, P

T-AZ

O, C

HE

cada

vers

, fae

ces,

Dra

cunc

ulus

Borg

es (1

990)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

1),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9),

Tom

ov (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)C

arcin

ops t

rogl

odyt

es (P

ayku

ll, 1

811)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

C &

S

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Jpr

edat

or o

n Tr

ibol

ium

, Si

toph

ilus i

n m

anio

c, p

oultr

y fl y

pre

dato

r

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)

Cha

lcion

ellus

de

cem

stria

tus

Reic

hard

t, 19

32

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

FRE

fece

s, ca

dave

rsFr

eude

et a

l. (1

971)

, Gom

y (2

006)

, Gom

y (2

008)

, Gom

y (2

009)

Dip

losti

x m

ayet

i (M

arse

ul, 1

870)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

FRI2

pred

ator

und

er

bark

and

pod

s, pe

anut

s, m

anio

c

Del

obel

and

Tra

n (1

993)

, Yé

lam

os (1

992)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Hist

er b

ipun

ctatu

s Pa

ykul

l, 18

11A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orAf

rica

1974

, FR

CY,

FR

, ES

Edu

ng

Hyp

ocac

cus

bras

ilien

sis (P

ayku

ll,

1811

)

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

cU

nkno

wn

IT, P

T-AZ

OB1

cada

vers

, fae

ces,

sand

y so

ilM

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Paro

mal

us lu

dert

i M

arse

ul, 1

862

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nFR

, ES,

ES-

CAN

Ide

cayi

ng O

punt

ia

in n

ativ

e ra

nge;

str

aw a

nd m

anur

e in

inva

ded

area

Gom

y (2

008)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00)

Sapr

inus

luge

ns

Eric

hson

, 183

4A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a,

C &

S

Amer

ica

1984

, IT

HR

, FR

, IT,

IT-S

AR, I

T-SI

C, P

T, E

SH

cada

vers

, fae

ces

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Hyd

rop

hil

idae

Cer

cyon

inqu

inat

us

Wol

lasto

n, 1

854

Aun

know

nAf

rica

Unk

now

nAT

, HR

, CZ

, IT,

PT-

AZO

, ES

-CAN

Ude

com

posin

g se

awee

d, ro

tting

fru

its, c

ave

guan

o

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

ouka

l et

al. (

2007

), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

, Ryn

devi

ch (2

004)

Cer

cyon

lam

inat

us

Shar

p, 1

873

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

rate

1950

,C

Z, I

TAL

, AT,

BE,

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FI

, FR

, DE,

IT, L

T, N

L, E

S,

SE, C

H, G

B

E3,

F9, I

com

post,

pr

edat

or, I

n va

rious

hum

id

envi

ronm

ents;

w

et g

rass

land

s

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

1), Ø

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås

(200

0), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in

Italia

., W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Cer

cyon

nig

ricep

s (M

arsh

am, 1

802)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

?U

nkno

wn

CZ

, PT-

AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Bou

kal e

t al

. (20

07),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

1),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9),

Rynd

evic

h (2

004)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cry

ptop

leuru

m

subt

ile S

harp

, 188

4A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orAs

ia-

Tem

pera

te19

50, I

TAL

, AT,

BE,

CZ

, DK

, FI,

FR, D

E, H

U, I

T, N

L, N

O,

SE, C

H, G

B

E3,

F9, I

com

post,

pr

edat

or, I

n va

rious

hum

id

envi

ronm

ents

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

1), Ø

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås

(200

0), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Dac

tylo

stern

um

abdo

min

ale

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

92)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

aU

nkno

wn

HR

, CY,

FR

, DE,

GR

, IT,

PT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, ES,

ES

-CAN

C1+

C2

ther

mop

hilic

, sta

ndin

g w

ater

w

ith p

lant

s; eg

g pr

edat

or o

n ba

nana

wee

vil i

n K

enya

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Oos

tern

um sh

arpi

H

anse

n, 1

999

Aun

know

nN

orth

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOC

1, D

in st

andi

ng w

ater

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Pec

k (2

009)

Pach

yste

rnum

ca

pens

e (M

ulsa

nt,

1894

)

Aun

know

nAf

rica

Unk

now

nG

R, I

T, E

S-C

ANC

1, D

in st

andi

ng w

ater

Bouk

al e

t al.

(200

7), F

ikac

ek a

nd

Bouk

al (2

004)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Pelo

som

a la

ferte

i M

ulsa

nt, 1

844

Aun

know

nC

& S

Am

eric

a19

29, I

TFR

, IT

D1-

D4

? J?

plan

t hel

d w

ater

s, or

phy

tote

lmat

aFi

kace

k an

d Bo

ukal

(200

4),

Shar

p (1

882–

1887

)L

aem

op

hlo

eid

ae

Cry

ptol

estes

dupl

icatu

s (W

altl

1834

)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

90, F

RAT

, BY,

CZ

, DK

, FR

, DE,

H

U, P

LJ1

, G1

unde

r oak

bar

k,

store

d pr

oduc

tsSa

ntam

aria

et a

l. (1

996)

Cry

ptol

estes

ferru

gine

us

(Ste

phen

s, 18

31)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

, pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

75, C

ZAT

, BY,

BE,

BG

, HR

, CZ

, D

K, F

I, FR

, DE,

GR

, HU

, IT

-SIC

, LV,

LT,

MT,

PL,

PT,

PT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, RS,

ES,

SE

, CH

, UA,

GB

J1, G

store

d pr

oduc

ts,

unde

r bar

kBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(2

008)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

, San

tam

aria

et a

l. (1

996)

, Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, To

mov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cry

ptol

estes

pusil

loid

es (S

teel

&

How

e, 1

952)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

78, I

TAT

, BE,

HR

, CZ

, DK

, FI,

FR, D

E, G

R, H

U, I

T, IT

-SI

C, M

T, P

L, P

T, P

T-M

AD,

RS,

ES,

SE,

UA,

GB

Jsto

red

prod

ucts,

ps

ycho

phag

e/

mill

s

Duff

(20

08),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Sant

amar

ia e

t al.

(199

6)

Cry

ptol

estes

pusil

lus

(Sch

önhe

rr, 1

817)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l18

75, C

ZAL

, AT,

BY,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, FR

, DE,

IT, I

T-SA

R, M

T,

PT-A

ZO

Jsy

nant

hrop

ic,

grai

n, d

amag

eBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Mon

cout

ier

(200

2), S

anta

mar

ia e

t al.

(199

6),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Tom

ov (2

009)

Cry

ptol

estes

spar

tii

(Cur

tis, 1

834)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

91, F

RAL

, EE,

FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E,

PT-A

ZO, E

S, E

S-C

AN, C

HJ1

, Fco

rn fl

our;

dry

woo

d (S

aro-

tham

nus)

Sant

amar

ia e

t al.

(199

6),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Cry

ptol

estes

turc

icus

(Gro

uvel

le, 1

876)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

04, F

RAL

, AT,

BE,

HR

, CZ

, DK

, FI

, FR

, DE,

GR

, HU

, IT,

IT

-SAR

, IT-

SIC

, PL,

PT,

PT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, RS,

ES,

SE

, CH

, UA,

GB

J1dr

y fru

its,

grai

n, w

heat

, sy

nant

hrop

ic

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), S

anta

mar

ia e

t al.

(199

6),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Lan

guri

idae

Cry

ptop

hilu

s int

eger

(H

eer,

1841

)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

Unk

now

nAT

, MT,

PT-

AZO

, CH

J1sto

red

prod

ucts;

m

yco p

hago

us,

Vig

na

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg

et a

l. (2

006)

Cry

ptop

hilu

s ob

liter

atus

Re

itter

,187

4

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1982

, DE

AT, D

K, F

R, D

EI

hay

Cal

lot (

2003

)

Phar

axon

otha

ki

rschi

i Rei

tter,

1875

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

00, C

ZC

ZJ1

psyc

hoph

age,

gr

ain,

fl oo

urŠe

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Lat

rid

iid

ae

Adist

emia

wat

soni

(W

olla

ston,

187

1)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1959

, CZ

CZ

, FR

, DE,

CH

, GB

J1, I

Tam

arin

dus s

eeds

, dr

y fru

its, F

eeds

on

fung

us, f

ound

in

her

barii

um

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Duff

(2

008)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Car

tode

re b

ifasci

ata

(Rei

tter,

1877

)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

2000

, DE

AT, B

E, C

Z, D

K, F

R, D

E,

NL,

PT-

MAD

, SE,

CH

, GB

G, I

2m

yco p

hago

us,

unde

r bar

kBo

uget

and

Vin

cent

(200

8),

Duff

(20

08),

Reem

er (2

003)

Car

tode

re d

elam

arei

(Daj

oz, 1

960)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1976

, FR

FRI,

J6m

yco p

hago

us,

vege

tal d

ecay

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, V

ince

nt (1

999)

Car

tode

re n

odife

r (W

estw

ood,

183

9)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

1850

, DE

AL, A

T, B

Y, B

E, B

A, B

G,

HR

, CY,

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FI,

FR, F

R-C

OR

, DE,

GR

, G

R-C

RE,

HU

, IS,

IE, I

T,

IT-S

AR, I

T-SI

C, L

V, L

I, LT

, LU

, MT,

MD

, NL,

NO

, PL

, PT,

PT-

AZO

, PT-

MAD

, RO

, RU

, RS,

SK

, SI,

ES,

ES-B

AL, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H,

UA,

GB

I, J6

myc

o pha

gous

, co

mpo

st, a

ttic,

ha

y

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

ouge

t and

V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Duff

(20

08),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, To

mov

(200

9)

Car

tode

re co

nstri

cta

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

827)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

89, G

BBY

, FR

, LV,

NO

, SE,

GB

J1, J

6m

yco p

hago

us,

com

post,

dry

fru

its, r

emai

ns,

dust

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, D

uff (

2008

), Te

lnov

(199

6)

Cor

ticar

ia

elong

ata(

Gyl

lenh

al

1827

)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

89, G

BAT

, BY,

BE,

BA,

BG

, HR

, C

Z, D

K, E

E, F

I, FR

, FR

-C

OR

, DE,

GR

, HU

, IT,

IT

-SAR

, IT-

SIC

, LV,

LT,

LU

, MD

, ME,

NL,

NO

, PL,

PT

, PT-

AZO

, RO

, RS,

SK

, ES

, SE,

CH

, UA,

GB

G, I

, Jfo

rest

hum

us,

rotte

n fru

its, h

ay,

fi rew

ood

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

ouge

t and

V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Mon

cout

ier

(200

2), T

elno

v (1

996)

, Tom

ov

(200

9)

Cor

ticar

ia fe

nestr

alis

Linn

eaus

, 175

8)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1908

, FR

AT, B

Y, B

G, F

R, D

E, C

HG

, I, J

vege

tal r

efus

es,

hote

ls, h

ouse

s, pi

ne b

ark

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, D

uff (

2008

)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cor

ticar

ia fu

lva

(Com

olli,

183

7)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1874

, FR

AT, B

Y, B

G, F

R, D

E, P

T-AZ

O, C

HI,

J6Fu

ngi o

n ca

cao,

sp

ices

, cer

eals,

de

cayi

ng p

lant

m

ater

ial

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

ouge

t and

V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tom

ov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Cor

ticar

ia p

ubesc

ens

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

827)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

97, G

BAT

, BY,

FR

, DE,

HU

, LT,

C

HI,

J6to

bacc

o,

med

icin

al p

lant

s, on

fung

us, o

n de

cayi

ng p

lant

m

ater

ial

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Witt

enbe

rg

et a

l. (2

006)

Cor

ticar

ia se

rrat

a (P

ayku

ll 17

98)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

97, L

TAT

, BY,

BG

, DE,

LT,

PT-

AZO

, CH

I, J1

, J6

on fu

ngus

, on

deca

ying

pla

nt

mat

eria

l, co

rn,

barle

y

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

ouge

t an

d V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6) D

iener

ella

argu

s (R

eitte

r, 18

84)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

07, G

BFR

, LV,

GB

Gm

yco p

hago

us,

mos

ses,

old

trees

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, D

uff (

2008

), M

onco

utie

r (20

02),

Teln

ov (1

996)

Dien

erell

a co

stula

ta

(Rei

tter,

1877

)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1900

, CZ

CZ

, DK

, FR

Jfo

odstu

ff s,

root

s, ce

llars

, ap

part

men

ts

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Dien

erell

a fi l

um

(Aub

é, 1

850)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

50, F

RAT

, BE,

BG

, CZ

, FR

, DE,

IE

, LV,

MT,

SE,

CH

, GB

I, J

cere

als,

herb

aria

, ye

ast,

on fu

ngus

, on

dec

ayin

g pl

ant

mat

eria

l

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Duff

(2

008)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, M

onco

utie

r (20

02),

Šefro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9)La

thrid

ius

austr

alicu

s Bel

on,

1887

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

iaU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

unkn

own

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Latri

dius

min

utus

(L

inna

eus,

1767

)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1852

, FR

AT, B

Y, B

G, F

Ö, F

R, F

R-

CO

R, D

E, L

V, L

T, P

T-AZ

O,

CH

, GB

I, J

cere

als/

mill

s, ce

llars

, atti

c,

on fu

ngus

, on

deca

ying

pla

nt

mat

eria

l

Beng

tson

(198

1), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Bou

get a

nd V

ince

nt

(200

8), D

uff (

2008

), En

ckel

l et

al. (

1987

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

, M

onco

utie

r (20

02),

Tom

ov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Met

opht

halm

us

serrip

enni

s Bro

un

1914

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

28, D

ED

E, G

BJ

fung

i on

straw

, w

areh

ouse

s; de

ad

leav

es

Duff

(20

08)

Mig

neau

xia

orien

talis

Rei

tter,

1877

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

93, D

EAT

, DK

, FR

, DE,

PL,

CH

I, J

rice,

on

fung

us,

on d

ecay

ing

plan

t m

ater

ial

Boug

et a

nd V

ince

nt (2

008)

, W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Lyc

tid

ae

Lyctu

s afri

canu

s Le

sne,

190

7A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sAf

rica

Unk

now

nAT

, FR

, CH

J1gi

nger

root

s; sa

pwoo

d in

fi el

dFr

eude

et a

l. (1

969)

, Rat

ti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Lyctu

s bru

nneu

s (S

teph

ens,

1830

)A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sAs

ia18

50, F

RAL

, AT,

BY,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, FR

, DE,

GR

, IT,

IT-S

AR,

LV, M

T, P

T, R

S, C

H

J1m

anio

c; sa

pwoo

dBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et

al. (

1969

), G

lave

ndek

ic e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Lyctu

s cav

icolli

s J. L

. Le

Con

te, 1

805

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1996

, DE

AT, F

R, D

E, C

HJ1

woo

d in

hou

ses

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)Ly

ctus p

lani

colli

s J.

L. L

eCon

te, 1

858

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1935

, FI

AT, F

I, FR

J1Q

uerc

us, F

raxi

nus

(N),

woo

d po

st in

ho

uses

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Lyctu

s sin

ensis

Le

sne,

191

1A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sAs

iaU

nkno

wn

GB

J1tim

ber y

ards

, ra

rely

in th

e w

ildD

uff (

2008

)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Min

thea

rugi

colli

s (W

alke

r, 18

58)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

ITJ1

timbe

r-fe

edin

g be

etle

; atta

ck

wid

e-po

red

hard

woo

d,

broa

dlea

f or

coni

fero

us tr

ees

and

timbe

r with

sta

rch

leve

ls of

gr

eate

r tha

n 3%

(Afz

elia,

Ar

toca

rpus

, Av

icenn

ia,

Bom

bax,

Heli

cia,

Koom

passi

a,

Shor

ea)

Aboo

d an

d M

urph

y (2

006)

, H

alpe

rin a

nd G

eis (

1999

)

Mo

rdel

lid

ae

Mor

delli

stena

ca

ttley

ana

Cha

mpi

on, 1

913

Aph

yto-

phag

ous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1921

, NL

DE,

LV,

NL

J100

Cat

tleya

, Va

ndia

, war

m

gree

nhou

ses.

On

fl ow

ers o

f Ang

elica

sil

vestr

is in

pin

e fo

rest.

Batte

n (1

976)

, Lim

a (1

955)

, Te

lnov

(199

6)

Myc

eto

ph

agid

ae

Lita

rgus

bal

teat

us

Leco

nte,

185

6A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a19

83, C

ZAT

, CZ

, FR

, IT,

PT-

AZO

, C

HI,

J6on

fung

us, o

n de

cayi

ng p

lant

m

ater

ial,

Mai

ze,

drie

d gr

apes

, sto

red

prod

ucts

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Typh

aea

sterc

orea

(L

inna

eus,

1758

)C

detr

iti-

voro

usC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1955

, BG

AT, B

G, F

R, D

E, IT

, IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, LT,

MT,

PT-

AZO

, CH

I, J,

J6on

fung

us, o

n de

cayi

ng p

lant

m

ater

ial,

was

te,

deca

y; m

ills,

attic

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

7), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

, W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Nit

idu

lid

ae

Brac

hype

plus

de

yrol

lei M

urra

y, 18

64

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a19

99, F

RFR

Ide

cayi

ng fr

uits

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Mifs

ud a

nd A

udisi

o (2

008)

, M

onco

utie

r (20

01)

Brac

hype

plus

mau

li G

ardn

er &

Cla

ssey

, 19

62

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

J1sto

red

prod

ucts;

un

der b

ark

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges (

1990

), Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)C

arpo

philu

s bi

fenest

ratu

s M

urra

y, 18

64

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Afric

a19

93,

FR,

FR-C

OR

AL, B

A, B

G, H

R, C

Y, F

R,

FR-C

OR

, GR

, IT,

IT-S

AR,

IT-S

IC, M

T, M

E, P

T-M

AD,

RS,

SI,

ES, E

S-BA

L, E

S-C

AN

I, J6

rotte

n fru

itsM

ifsud

and

Aud

isio

(200

8)

Car

poph

ilus

dim

idia

tus

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

92)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

C &

S

Amer

ica

1900

, CZ

AL, A

T, B

G, C

Z, D

K, E

E,

FR, F

R-C

OR

, IT,

IT-S

AR,

IT-S

IC, M

T, P

L, P

T-AZ

O,

ES, C

H

I, J1

store

d pr

oduc

ts,

corn

in fi

elds

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), M

ifsud

and

Aud

isio

(200

8), M

onco

utie

r (20

01),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Tom

ov (2

009)

Car

poph

ilus

freem

ani D

obso

n,

1956

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

76, I

TAL

, DK

, FR

-CO

R, G

R, I

T,

IT-S

AR, I

T-SI

C, P

T-AZ

O,

ES

I, J1

dry

fruits

, mai

ze

in fi

eld

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges (

1990

)

Car

poph

ilus f

umat

us

Bohe

man

, 185

1A

phyt

o-ph

agou

s, de

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a19

77, I

TAL

, IT,

IT-S

IC, P

T, P

T-AZ

OJ1

Tam

arin

dus

seed

s, dr

y fru

its,

gran

arie

s

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., V

ieira

et a

l. (2

003)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Car

poph

ilus

hem

ipte

rus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Asia

- Tr

opic

al18

00, I

TAL

, AT,

BY,

BG

, CZ

, FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E, IT

, IT-

SAR

, IT

-SIC

, LT,

MT,

PL,

PT-

AZO

, ES,

CH

I, J1

deca

ying

gra

pes,

dry

fruits

, cer

eals

in g

rana

ries,

fruits

on

grou

nd,

mus

hroo

ms

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), M

ifsud

and

Aud

isio

(200

8), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)C

arpo

philu

s lig

neus

M

urra

y, 18

64A

phyt

o-ph

agou

s, de

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1981

,ES

-CAN

HR

, FR

, DE,

GR

, ES-

CAN

J1m

aize

, dry

frui

ts,

gran

arie

sAu

disio

(199

3), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

)

Car

poph

ilus

mar

gine

llus

Mot

schu

lsky,

1858

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

38, G

BAT

, BY,

BE,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, FI

, FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E, G

R,

IT, I

T-SA

R, I

T-SI

C, M

T,

NL,

NO

, PL,

PT-

AZO

, PT

-MAD

, ES,

ES-

CAN

, SE,

C

H, G

B

J1m

ainl

y do

mes

tic;

cere

als,

com

post,

sa

prop

hago

us

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff (

2008

), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(200

0), R

eem

er

(200

3), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)C

arpo

philu

s m

utila

tus E

richs

on,

1843

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

C &

S

Amer

ica

1900

, CZ

AT, B

G, C

Z, D

K, F

R, F

R-

CO

R, I

T, IT

-SAR

, IT-

SIC

, LT

, MT,

PT-

AZO

J1, I

dry

fruits

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), M

ifsud

and

Aud

isio

(200

8), Š

efro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9)C

arpo

philu

s nep

os

Mur

ray,

1864

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

AL, B

A, B

G, H

R, C

Y, F

R,

FR-C

OR

, GR

, GR

-CR

E,

GR

-IO

N, G

R-N

EG, G

R-

SEG

, IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, MT,

PT

, PT-

AZO

, RO

, RU

, SI,

ES, E

S-BA

L, E

S-C

AN, U

A

J1, I

dry

fruits

, ou

tdoo

rs in

med

i-te

rran

ean;

hou

ses

in c

entr

al e

urop

e

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Mifs

ud a

nd

Audi

sio (2

008)

, Tom

ov (2

009)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Car

poph

ilus

obso

letus

Eric

hson

, 18

43

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Asia

- Tr

opic

al18

95,

GR

-CR

EC

Y, C

Z, D

K, F

R, F

R-C

OR

, G

R, G

R-C

RE,

IT, I

T-SA

R,

IT-S

IC, M

T, P

T, E

S,

J1, I

rotte

n fru

its

outd

oors

, gr

anar

ies (

mai

ze,

corn

)

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Mifs

ud a

nd

Audi

sio (2

008)

, Šef

rova

and

La

stuvk

a (2

005)

Car

poph

ilus

pilo

sellu

s M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

58

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

83, C

ZAT

, HR

, CZ

, FR

, IT,

IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, PT-

AZO

, R

S, S

I

J1, I

dry

fruits

, fru

its

on g

roun

d,

poul

try

dung

Audi

sio (1

993)

Car

poph

ilus s

uccis

us

Eric

hson

, 184

3A

phyt

o-ph

agou

s, de

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOJ1

mai

zeBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

Car

poph

ilus

zeap

hilu

s Dob

son,

19

69

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

detr

iti-

voro

us

Afric

a19

85,

PT, E

SAL

, FR

, IT,

IT-S

IC, P

T, E

SJ1

, Im

aize

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Epur

aea

lute

ola

Eric

hson

, 184

3A

detr

iti-

voro

usC

& S

Am

eric

a19

70,

ES-C

AN,

PT-M

AD

AL, F

R, I

T, IT

-SAR

, IT-

SIC

, MT,

MD

, PT-

MAD

, ES

-CAN

G, I

fruits

(Pru

nus),

m

ushr

oom

sAu

disio

(199

3), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

ifsud

and

Au

disio

(200

8), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., To

mov

(200

9)Ep

urae

a oc

ular

is Fa

irmai

re, 1

849

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

00, I

TAL

, AT,

FR

, DE,

IT, I

T-SI

C,

MD

, ES,

ES-

CAN

, CH

Jm

yco p

hago

us;

man

ioc,

dry

frui

tsM

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Mifs

ud a

nd A

udisi

o (2

008)

, R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

.) G

lisch

roch

ilus

fasci

atus

(Oliv

ier,

1790

)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

para

sitic

/ pr

edat

or

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

, DE

DE,

CH

Iba

rk b

eetle

pr

edat

or,

vege

tabl

es, f

ruits

Audi

sio (1

993)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Glis

chro

chilu

s qu

adris

igna

tus (

Say,

1835

)

Aph

yto-

phag

ous,

para

sitic

/ pr

edat

or

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1950

, DE

AL, A

T, B

Y, B

A, B

G, H

R,

CZ

, FR

, DE,

GR

, HU

, IT,

LI

, LT,

MD

, ME,

PL,

RO

, RU

, RS,

SK

, SI,

SE, C

H,

UA,

GB

Iba

rk b

eetle

pr

edat

or,

vege

tabl

es, f

ruits

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Gla

vend

ekic

et

al. (

2005

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in

Ital

ia.,

Reem

er (2

003)

, Šef

rova

an

d La

stuvk

a (2

005)

, Tom

ov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Meli

geth

es ru

fi cor

nis

(Mar

sham

, 180

2)C

phyt

o-ph

agou

sC

rypt

o-ge

nic

Unk

now

nM

T, G

BG

,I2Ba

llota

nig

ra

polle

nAu

disio

(199

3), D

uff (

2008

), M

ifsud

and

Aud

isio

(200

8)N

itidu

la ca

rnar

ia

(Sch

alle

r, 17

83)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOM

T, P

T-AZ

OJ1

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), M

ifsud

and

Aud

isio

(200

8)O

mos

ita co

lon

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

E, G

, I,

Jol

d bo

nes l

eft o

n th

e so

il su

rface

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9)O

mos

ita d

iscoi

dea

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

75)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

E, G

, I,

Jca

dave

rs, c

arrio

nAu

disio

(199

3), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

Phen

olia

tibi

alis

(Boh

eman

, 185

1)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOI2

deca

ying

and

ro

tting

frui

tsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)St

elido

ta g

emin

ata

(Say

, 182

5)A

phyt

o-ph

agou

s, pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

C &

S

Amer

ica

1900

, IT

FR, I

T, P

T-AZ

O, S

I, ES

-C

AN, C

HI

in in

sect

gal

lerie

s un

der o

ak b

ark,

str

awbe

rrie

s and

ot

her f

ruits

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in

Ital

ia.)

Uro

phor

us h

umer

alis

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

98)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

- Tr

opic

al19

76, I

TAL

, AT,

BA,

BG

, HR

, CY,

FR

, FR

-CO

R, G

R, G

R-

CR

E, G

R-I

ON

, GR

-NEG

, G

R-S

EG, I

T, IT

-SAR

, IT

-SIC

, MT,

ME,

PT,

PT-

MAD

, RU

, RS,

SI,

ES,

ES-B

AL, E

S-C

AN, U

A

J1dr

y fru

its a

nd

vege

tabl

esAu

disio

(199

3), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), To

mov

(200

9)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Pas

san

dri

dae

Cat

ogen

us ru

fus

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

98)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

2007

, AT

ATF9

pred

ator

of w

ood-

borin

g C

oleo

pter

a in

rive

rine

fore

st

Mitt

er a

nd S

chuh

(200

8)

Ph

alac

rid

ae

Phal

acru

s pol

itus

Mel

shei

mer

, 184

4A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sN

orth

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOI

swee

tcor

nBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)P

tili

idae

Acro

trich

is he

nrici

(M

atth

ews,

1872

)A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a19

66, G

BD

K, D

E, N

L, N

O, S

E, G

BG

, J6

com

post

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

1), R

eem

er (2

003)

, Sö

rens

son

and

John

son

(200

4)Ac

rotri

chis

insu

laris

(M

aklin

, 185

2)A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a19

65,

NO

, BG

AT, C

Z, D

K, F

I, FR

, DE,

IE

, NL,

NO

, PT-

AZO

, PT-

MAD

, SE,

CH

, GB

G, J

6co

mpo

st,

sapr

opha

gous

, fu

ngiv

ore

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

1),

Freu

de e

t al.

(198

9), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(200

0), S

ören

sson

an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

, Witt

enbe

rg

et a

l. (2

006)

Acro

trich

is jo

sephi

(M

atth

ews,

1872

)A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a19

87, G

BG

BI

gras

s mov

ing;

lit

ter,

rotin

g or

gani

c m

ater

ial

Duff

(20

08),

Söre

nsso

n an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

Acro

trich

is sa

ncta

ehele

nae

John

son,

197

2

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a19

64,

ES-C

ANFR

, IT,

PT,

ES-

CAN

, CH

, G

BI,

J6an

thro

po ge

nic

habi

tats,

dun

g,

com

post,

rotti

ng

orga

nic s

ubsta

nces

Duff

(20

08),

Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Söre

nsso

n an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al

. (20

06)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Baeo

crar

a ja

poni

ca

(Mat

thew

s, 18

84)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1974

, FI

AT, B

Y, C

Z, D

K, F

I, D

E,

HU

, LV,

NO

, SK

, SE

I, J

com

post,

sa

prop

hago

us,

fung

ivor

e

Freu

de e

t al.

(198

9), Ø

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås (2

000)

, Rat

ti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., Sö

rens

son

and

John

son

(200

4)Pt

inell

a ca

velli

(B

roun

, 189

3)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

1936

, GB

IE, G

BG

3, G

4un

der t

ight

ba

rk o

f dea

d br

oad-

leav

es a

nd

coni

fers

Söre

nsso

n an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

Ptin

ella

erra

bund

a Jo

hnso

n, 1

975

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

25, G

BD

E, IE

, NL,

GB

G3

unde

r tig

ht b

ark

of m

ost s

peci

es o

f de

ad tr

ees

Freu

de e

t al.

(198

9), R

eem

er

(200

3), S

ören

sson

and

John

son

(200

4) Pt

inell

a sim

soni

(M

atth

ews,

1878

)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

1929

, GB

GB

G,I2

?he

ap in

cra

ss

cutti

ngs i

n w

oode

d ar

eas

arou

nd la

rge

coas

tal c

ities

(e

.g. L

ondo

n,

Live

rpoo

l)

Söre

nsso

n an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

Ptin

ella

taylo

rae

John

son,

197

7A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

1967

, GB

IE, G

BG

3, G

4un

der t

ight

bar

k of

dea

d tre

esD

uff (

2008

), Sö

rens

son

and

John

son

(200

4)Ba

mba

ra co

ntor

ta

(Dyb

as, 1

066)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

97, D

ED

EE5

fore

st lit

ter

Rynd

evic

h (2

004)

Bam

bara

fusca

(D

ybas

, 196

6)A

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Am

eric

a19

97, D

ED

EE5

fore

st lit

ter

Söre

nsso

n an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

Ptin

ella

john

soni

Ru

tane

n, 1

985

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1978

,FI

, SE

FI, N

O, S

EE5

taig

a, li

tter

Söre

nsso

n an

d Jo

hnso

n (2

004)

Pti

lod

acty

lid

ae

Ptilo

dacty

la ex

otica

C

hapi

n, 1

927

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a19

71, I

TFR

, IT,

SI,

CH

J1,

J100

Dra

caen

a in

gr

eenh

ouse

; pla

nts

in a

ppar

tmen

ts

Aber

lenc

and

Alle

man

d (1

997)

, M

ann

(200

6), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Ptilo

dacty

la lu

teip

es Pi

c, 1

924

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

52, D

ED

EJ1

00gr

eenh

ouse

Rip

iph

ori

dae

Ripi

dius

pe

ctini

corn

is Th

unbe

rg, 1

806

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

Unk

now

nD

K, F

I, IT

, NL

Jbl

atta

par

asito

id,

syna

nthr

opic

Bétis

(191

2), F

alin

(200

1),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9)

Ru

teli

dae

Popi

lia ja

poni

ca

New

man

, 184

1A

phyt

o-ph

agou

sAs

ia20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

I2po

lyph

agou

s de

cidu

ous

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Pau

lian

and

Bara

ud (1

982)

Sal

pin

gid

ae

Aglen

us b

runn

eus

(Gyl

lenh

all)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05, P

T-AZ

OPT

-AZO

J1an

thro

po ph

ilic:

at

tic, s

tabl

es,

poul

try,

dam

age

culti

vate

d m

ushr

oom

s; ro

dent

nes

ts in

fo

rests

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)

Sil

van

idae

Ahas

veru

s adv

ena

(Wal

tl, 1

832)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1875

, CZ

AT, B

Y, B

G, C

Z, D

K, E

E,

FI, D

E, L

T, M

T, P

L, P

T-AZ

O, S

E, C

H

I, J1

sapr

o pha

gous

-sto

red

prod

ucts;

co

mpo

st,

clet

hrop

hage

in

fi eld

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(200

0), Š

efro

va

and

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)C

rypt

amor

pha

desja

rdin

si (G

uérin

-M

énev

ille,

184

4)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

, pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

11, D

EBE

, DK

, DE,

NL,

PT-

AZO

, ES

-CAN

G, I

, Jba

nana

, ana

nas;

dead

pla

nts,

bark

, ca

dave

rs; l

arva

pr

edat

or

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Rat

ti (2

007)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Nau

sibiu

s cla

vico

rnis

(Kug

elan

n, 1

794)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

06, F

RD

K, F

R, P

T-AZ

OJ1

store

d pr

oduc

tsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), R

atti

(200

7),

Mon

cout

ier (

2002

) O

ryza

ephi

lus

acum

inat

us

Hal

stead

, 198

0

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1980

, GB

GB

J1co

conu

t, az

adira

chta

seed

sD

uff (

2008

)

Ory

zaep

hilu

s m

erca

tor (

Fauv

el,

1889

)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

62, C

ZAT

, BY,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, EE,

H

U, L

V, M

T, N

O, P

T, P

T-AZ

O, E

S-C

AN, C

H

J1ps

ycho

phag

e,

store

d pr

oduc

tsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Mac

hado

an

d O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), Š

efro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6) O

ryza

ephi

lus

surin

amen

sis

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

94, P

TAT

, BY,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, EE,

FR

, DE,

HU

, LV,

LT,

MT,

N

O, P

T, P

T-AZ

O, R

S, E

S-C

AN, C

H

J1ps

ycho

phag

e,

store

d pr

oduc

tsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Gla

vend

ekic

et

al.

(200

5), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Šef

rova

and

La

stuvk

a (2

005)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

, W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Silv

anus

late

ritiu

s (B

roun

, 188

0)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAu

stral

asia

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

J1Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), R

atti.

C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Silv

anus

lew

isi

Reitt

er, 1

876

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

Unk

now

nM

TJ1

, Gric

e, m

anio

c,

store

d pr

oduc

ts;

unde

r bar

k of

de

ad tr

ees i

n fi e

ld

Rat

ti (2

007)

, Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.)

Silv

anus

recti

colli

s Re

itter

, 187

6A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

Unk

now

nIT

-SAR

, IT-

SIC

J1R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

.)

Stap

hyl

inid

ae

Acro

tona

ps

eudo

tene

ra

(Cam

eron

, 193

3)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

1988

, FI

AT, D

K, F

I, D

E, N

O, S

E,

CH

Ico

mpo

st,

pred

ator

, fu

ngiv

orou

s

Luka

et a

l. (2

009)

, Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(200

0), W

itten

berg

et

al. (

2006

)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Adot

a m

ariti

ma

Man

nerh

eim

, 184

3A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orN

orth

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

GB

Bde

com

posin

g se

awee

d, p

reda

tor

fl ies

Duff

(20

08)

Aleo

char

a pu

beru

la

Klu

g, 1

833

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

cU

nkno

wn

AT, P

T-AZ

OI1

, Jpr

edat

or o

f cy

clor

rhap

hous

D

ipte

ra (M

usca

) in

stab

les

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9)

Anot

ylus n

itidi

frons

(W

olla

ston,

187

1)C

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

rypt

o-ge

nic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

Ipr

edat

or o

n D

elia

(car

rots)

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta d

ilutip

enni

s (M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

58)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

a, A

sia19

95, I

TAL

, IT,

PT-

AZO

, ES-

CAN

UBo

rges

(199

0), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi

(200

0), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9) At

heta

muc

rona

ta

(Kra

atz,

1859

)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orTr

opic

al,

sub t

ropi

cal

2002

, ES

IT, E

SI2

deca

ying

veg

etal

s, ci

trus

gro

ves

Gam

arra

and

Out

erel

o (2

005)

, M

onzo

et a

l. (2

005)

Bisn

ius p

alm

i (S

met

ana,

195

5)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orN

orth

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

AL, C

Z, I

T, IT

-SIC

I, J6

New

ton.

Sta

phyl

inin

i Spe

cies

C

atal

og D

raft)

Bisn

ius p

arcu

s (S

harp

, 187

4)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orAs

ia-

Tem

pera

te19

50, F

I, D

EAL

, AT,

DK

, FI,

FR, D

E,

IT, N

O, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H,

GB

I, J6

com

post,

pre

dato

rC

ho (2

008)

, Duff

(20

08),

Kor

ge

(200

5), L

uka

et a

l. (2

009)

, Ø

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås (2

000)

, R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., Tr

onqu

et (2

006)

Bohe

miel

lina

fl avi

penn

is (C

amer

on, 1

921)

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

41,

FI, D

EAT

, BE,

DK

, FI,

FR, D

E,

NO

, SE,

GB

B1, E

3co

mpo

stØ

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås (2

000)

, Tr

onqu

et (2

006)

Car

pelim

us

bilin

eatu

s Ste

phen

s, 18

34

Cph

yto-

phag

ous

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

B1, E

3gr

assy

coa

stal

patc

hes,

sand

du

nes

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tro

nque

t (2

006)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Car

pelim

us

cort

icinu

s (G

rave

nhor

st,

1806

)

Cph

yto-

phag

ous

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

B1, E

3fl o

odpl

ains

, riv

er b

anks

, san

d be

ache

s

Borg

es (1

990)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), T

ronq

uet (

2006

)

Car

pelim

us g

racil

is (M

anne

rhei

m,

1830

)

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

B1, E

3fl o

odpl

ains

, riv

er b

anks

, san

d be

ache

s

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), T

ronq

uet

(200

6)

Car

pelim

us p

usill

us

(Gra

venh

orst,

18

02)

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

B1, E

3fl o

odpl

ains

, riv

er b

anks

, san

d be

ache

s

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Car

pelim

us su

btili

s (E

richs

on, 1

839)

Cun

know

nC

rypt

o-ge

nic

2005

, PT-

AZO

PT-A

ZOB

fl ood

plai

ns,

river

ban

ks, s

and

beac

hes

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), V

orst

et a

l. (2

007)

Car

pelim

us

zeal

andi

cus (

Shar

p,

1900

)

Aun

know

nAu

stral

asia

2000

,D

EAT

, BE,

DE,

SE,

CH

, GB

ESa

ndy

bank

sC

uppe

n (2

003)

, Kor

ge (2

005)

, Lu

ka e

t al.

(200

9)

Cile

a sil

phoi

des

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

67)

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c20

05PT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

Uca

ttle

dung

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Tro

nque

t (2

006)

Cop

ropo

rus

pulch

ellus

(E

richs

on, 1

839)

Aun

know

nN

orth

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

AD, E

S-C

ANU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Dies

tota

gu

adal

upen

sis P

ace,

19

87

Aun

know

nC

& S

Am

eric

a19

82, I

TIT

UR

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

.)

Lept

oplec

tus r

emyi

(J

eann

el, 1

961)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

Unk

now

nC

HU

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Lith

ocha

ris n

igric

eps

(Kra

atz,

1859

)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orAs

ia-

Trop

ical

1912

, CZ

AL, A

T, B

E, C

Z, D

K, E

E,

FI, F

R, D

E, H

U, I

T, L

V,

NL,

NO

, PL,

PT-

AZO

, SK

, ES

, SE,

CH

, UA,

GB

I, J6

com

post,

pr

edat

or.

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

4),

Kor

ge (2

005)

, Luk

a et

al.

(200

9),

Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(200

0),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Tron

quet

(200

6)M

yrm

ecoc

epha

lus

conc

inna

(E

richs

on,1

840)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

70, D

ED

E, P

T-AZ

O, P

T-M

AD,

RU, E

S-C

AN, S

E, G

BG

dead

woo

dD

uff (

2008

), K

orge

(200

5),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), Tr

onqu

et (2

006)

Myr

mec

opor

a br

evip

es Bu

tler,

1909

Cpa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

cU

nkno

wn

FR, I

E, G

BU

in w

et sa

nd u

nder

pl

ants

Ande

rson

(199

7), S

chee

rpel

tz

(197

2)

Nac

aeus

im

press

icolli

s (M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

57)

Aun

know

nAf

rica

(or

Asia

?)20

05,

PT-A

ZOC

Z, P

T-AZ

OI2

,G?

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Rog

é (2

003)

, Tr

onqu

et (2

006)

Olig

ota

parv

a K

raat

z, 18

62A

detr

iti-

voro

usC

& S

Am

eric

a18

58, F

RAT

, BE,

BA,

HR

, DK

, EE,

FI

, FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E, G

R,

GR

-CR

E, IT

, IT-

SIC

, NL,

N

O, P

L, P

T-AZ

O, P

T-M

AD, E

S-C

AN, S

E, C

H,

GB

I, J6

com

post,

pr

edat

or,

fung

ivor

ous.

Syna

nthr

opic

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), K

orge

(200

5), L

uka

et

al. (

2009

), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

, Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(2

000)

, Ree

mer

(200

3),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)O

xyte

lus m

igra

tor

Fauv

el, 1

904

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1975

, DK

AT, B

E, C

Z, D

K, F

R, D

E,

IT, L

T, L

U, N

O, S

E, C

HI,

J6co

mpo

st,

sapr

opha

gous

Kor

ge (2

005)

, Luk

a et

al.

(200

9),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Para

phlo

eosti

ba

gayn

dahe

nsis

(Mac

Le

ay, 1

871)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

88, I

TFR

, DE,

IT, I

T-SI

C, P

T, E

S,

ES-C

AN, C

HI,

J6ro

tting

falle

n fru

its o

f var

ious

tre

es, d

ecay

ing

vege

tals

Duff

(20

08),

Kor

ge (2

005)

, Lu

ka e

t al.

(200

9), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., Tr

onqu

et (2

006)

, W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Philo

nthu

s re

ctang

ulus

Sha

rp,

1874

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Asia

- te

mpe

rate

1920

, IT

AL, A

T, B

E, B

A, B

G, H

R,

CZ

, DK

, EE,

FI,

FR, D

E,

GR

, HU

, IT,

IT-S

AR, L

V,

LT, L

U, M

D, M

E, N

L, N

O,

PT, P

T-AZ

O, P

T-M

AD,

RO, R

S, S

K, S

I, ES

, ES-

CAN

, SE,

CH

, UA,

GB

I, J6

com

post,

pre

dato

rBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Coi

ff ait

(197

2), K

orge

(200

5), L

uka

et

al. (

2009

), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

, Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(2

000)

, Šef

rova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

, Tro

nque

t (2

006)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6) Ph

ilont

hus s

pini

pes

Shar

p, 1

874

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

, de

tri v

orou

s

Asia

1980

, IT

AL, A

T, B

G, C

Z, D

K, F

R,

IT, L

T, R

U, C

HJ1

, J6

in st

able

litte

r, ca

dave

rsC

allo

t (19

93),

Luka

et a

l. (2

009)

, R

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

., Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, To

mov

(200

9), T

ronq

uet (

2006

)Ta

chin

us si

biric

us

Shar

p, 1

888

Aun

know

nAs

iaU

nkno

wn

ATU

Trich

iusa

imm

igra

ta

Lohs

e, 1

984

Aun

know

nN

orth

Am

eric

a19

75, D

EAL

, AT,

BE,

CZ

, DK

, FR

, D

E, IT

, NO

, ES-

CAN

, SE,

C

H

I, I2

com

post,

pr

edat

or,

fung

ivor

ous

Kor

ge (2

005)

, Luk

a et

al.

(200

9),

Øde

gaar

d an

d Tø

mm

erås

(200

0),

Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Tron

quet

(200

6), W

itten

berg

et

al. (

2006

) Te

ropa

lpus

uni

colo

r (S

harp

, 190

0)A

para

sitic

/pr

edat

or,

detr

i vor

ous

Austr

alas

iaU

nkno

wn

GB

I2ha

loph

ilous

Duff

(20

08),

Kus

chel

(199

0)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Ten

ebri

on

idae

Alph

itobi

us

diap

erin

us (P

anze

r, 17

97)

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

, de

tri v

orou

s

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

l19

21, M

EAT

, BG

, DK

, EE,

FR

, FR

-C

OR

, DE,

HU

, IT,

LV,

LT,

M

T, M

E, N

O, E

S-C

AN,

CH

, GB

J1, J

6,

Gm

inor

pes

t of

resid

ues,

com

mon

in

habi

tant

of

chic

ken

hous

es;

feed

s on

faec

es

and

was

tes;

outd

oors

in ro

tten

trun

ks a

nd b

ird/

bat n

ests

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

9),

Tom

ov (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Alph

itobi

us

laev

igat

us

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

81)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Trop

ical

, su

b tro

pica

lU

nkno

wn

DK

, EE,

FR

, MT,

ES-

CAN

, G

BJ1

, J6,

G

min

or p

est

of re

sidue

s; sto

red

prod

ucts;

ou

tdoo

rs o

n fu

ngi

in tr

unks

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

9),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

)

Alph

itoph

agus

bi

fasci

atus

(Say

, 18

23)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

40, B

GAL

, AT,

BG

, HR

, DK

, FI,

FR, D

E, G

R, H

U, L

T, N

O,

RO, S

E, C

H

J1, J

6,

Gm

inor

pes

t of

resid

ues;

com

post,

M

ainl

y do

mes

tic

in ro

tten

fruits

; un

der b

ark

old

stum

ps

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), Ø

dega

ard

and

Tøm

mer

ås (2

000)

, Tom

ov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Cyna

eus a

ngus

tus

(Lec

onte

, 185

1)A

detr

iti-

voro

usC

& S

Am

eric

a19

88, S

EFI

, FR

, DE,

SE

J6sa

prop

hago

us,

was

te h

eaps

Ferr

er (2

004)

, Fer

rer a

nd

Ande

rsso

n (2

002)

, Rei

bnitz

an

d Sc

haw

alle

r (20

06),

Sold

ati

(200

7) Cy

naeu

s dep

ressu

s H

orn,

187

0A

detr

iti-

voro

usC

& S

Am

eric

a19

88, S

ESE

Uw

aste

hea

psFe

rrer

(200

4), M

anne

rkos

ki a

nd

Ferr

er (1

992)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gna

thoc

erus

co

rnut

us (F

abric

ius,

1798

)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

C &

S

Amer

ica

1900

, CZ

AT, C

Z, E

E, F

R, D

E, IT

, IT-

SAR

, IT-

SIC

, LV,

MT,

PT-

AZO

, ES-

CAN

, CH

, GB

J1ce

real

gra

ins i

n w

areh

ouse

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(2

008)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

969)

, M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9),

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)G

nath

ocer

us

max

illos

us

(Fab

riciu

s, 18

01)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

77, I

TAL

, FR

, FR

-CO

R, I

T, E

S-C

ANJ1

cere

al g

rain

s in

war

ehou

ses

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), To

mov

(200

9)

Lath

eticu

s ory

zae

Wat

erho

use,

188

0A

detr

iti-

voro

usAs

ia19

73,

BG, C

ZAL

, AT,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, EE,

FR

, IT,

IT-S

IC, R

S, E

S-C

AN, C

H, G

B

J1sto

red

prod

ucts,

ce

real

s in

war

ehou

ses

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), G

lave

ndek

ic e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

, Šef

rova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, Tom

ov (2

009)

, W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Lyph

ia te

traph

ylla

(Fai

rmai

re, 1

856)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1934

, CZ

HR

, CZ

, FR

, GR

, ME

UŠe

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Palo

rus r

atze

burg

i (W

issm

ann,

184

8)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

1976

, LT

HR

, DK

, FR

, GR

, LT,

ES-

CAN

, GB

J1sto

red

prod

ucts,

m

ainl

y ce

real

s; m

yco p

hago

us

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

9),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

)Pa

loru

s sub

depr

essus

(W

olla

ston,

186

4)A

detr

iti-

voro

usAf

rica

1975

, BG

BG, H

R, C

Z, D

K, F

R, G

R,

MT,

PT-

AZO

, ES-

CAN

, G

B

J1sto

red

prod

ucts,

m

ainl

y ce

real

s; m

yco p

hago

us

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

9),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, To

mov

(200

9) Tr

ibol

ium

ca

stane

um (H

erbs

t, 17

97)

Cde

triti

-vo

rous

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

00, C

ZAL

, AT,

BG

, CZ

, DK

, EE,

FR

, FR

-CO

R, D

E, G

R,

HU

, LV,

LT,

MT,

ME,

NO

, PT

, PT-

AZO

, RO

, ES-

CAN

, C

H, G

B

J1, J

2sto

red

prod

ucts

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

9),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, To

mov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Trib

oliu

m co

nfus

um

Jacq

uelin

du

Val,

1868

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a19

00, C

ZAL

, AT,

BG

, HR

, CZ

, DK

, EE

, FR

, DE,

GR

, HU

, IT,

LV

, LT,

NO

, PT-

AZO

, ES-

CAN

, CH

, GB

J1, J

2sto

red

prod

ucts

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff

(200

8), F

reud

e et

al.

(196

9),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

, To

mov

(200

9), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Trib

oliu

m d

estru

ctor

Uyt

tenb

ooga

art,

1933

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

tropi

cal

1927

, DE

AL, A

T, B

G, C

Z, D

K, E

E,

DE,

HU

, IT,

LV,

LT,

NO

, ES

-CAN

, CH

, GB

J1, J

2sto

red

prod

ucts

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

9), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (2

000)

, Rat

ti. C

oleo

tteri

alie

ni in

Ital

ia.,

Šefro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9),

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)Zo

phob

as m

orio

(F

abric

ius,

1776

)A

detr

iti-

voro

usC

& S

Am

eric

aU

nkno

wn

LVJ

used

as f

ood

for

rept

ile p

ets

Th om

as (1

995)

Tro

gid

ae

Om

orgu

s su

bcar

inat

us

(Mac

Leay

, 186

4)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

97, E

SES

J1, J

6Be

rced

o (1

997)

Om

orgu

s sub

eros

us

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

75)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Austr

alas

ia19

97, E

SES

J1, J

6Be

rced

o (1

997)

Tro

goss

itid

ae

Loph

ocat

eres

pusil

lus

(Klu

g, 1

832)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Asia

1962

, CZ

AL, C

Z, D

K, I

TJ1

psyc

hoph

age,

ne

crop

hago

us;

rice,

stor

ed

prod

ucts

Šefro

va a

nd L

astu

vka

(200

5)

Tene

broi

des

mar

occa

nus R

eitte

r 18

84

Apa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Afric

a20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

Gpr

edat

or e

gg

Lym

antri

a di

spar

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)


Fam

ily

spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Tene

broi

des

mau

ritan

icus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

Ade

triti

-vo

rous

Afric

a18

03, P

TAT

, BG

, CZ

, DK

, EE,

DE,

IT

, LV,

LT,

PT,

PT-

AZO

, R

S, C

H

J1, G

psyc

hoph

age,

ca

rniv

orou

s; sto

red

prod

ucts,

ba

rk in

fi el

d

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), G

lave

ndek

ic

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9), Š

efro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5), T

omov

(200

9)Z

op

her

idae

Micr

opriu

s ruf

ulus

(M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

63)

Aun

know

nAf

rica

Unk

now

nM

TU

timbe

rSc

huh

and

Mifs

ud (2

000)

Pycn

omer

us

fulig

inos

us

Eric

hson

, 184

2

Aun

know

nAu

stral

asia

1962

, GB

GB

B2, I

2D

uff (

2008

)

Pycn

omer

us

inex

pectu

s (Ja

quel

in

Du

Val,

1859

)

Cun

know

nC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1901

, IT

AL, A

T, B

E, C

Z, F

R, I

T,

ES, G

BJ1

00or

chid

gr

eenh

ouse

sR

atti.

Col

eotte

ri al

ieni

in It

alia

.)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

An

ob

iid

ae

Anob

ium

pun

ctatu

m

De

Gee

r, 17

74ph

yto-

phag

ous

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZO, E

S-C

ANJ

woo

den

furn

iture

s; tw

igs

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), E

span

ol (1

992)

, M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)O

ligom

erus

pt

ilino

ides

(Wol

lasto

n, 1

854)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

Unk

now

nAT

, DE,

HU

, PL,

PT-

MAD

, SK

, ES-

CAN

, C

H

G, J

1w

ood

broa

dlea

ved

trees

and

furn

iture

sD

e La

clos

and

Büc

he (2

009)

, Esp

anol

(1

992)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), W

itten

berg

et a

l. (2

006)

Ptin

us d

ubiu

s St

urm

, 183

7de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANJ1

store

d pr

oduc

tsM

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00)

Spha

ericu

s gib

boid

es (B

oiel

dieu

, 185

4)de

triti

-vo

rous

Med

i-te

rane

anU

nkno

wn

DK

, GB

Jps

ycho

phag

e; d

ry

root

sD

uff (

2008

)

An

thic

idae

Cor

dico

mus

insta

bilis

(S

chm

idt,

1842

)un

know

nPa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

B1sa

ndy

grou

nds

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)

Cyclo

dinu

s hum

ilis

(Ger

mar

, 182

4)un

know

nEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Ucl

ayey

gro

und

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Om

onad

us

form

icariu

s (G

oeze

, 17

77)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

, co

smo p

olita

n al

mos

t

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

J6ve

geta

l dec

ayBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Ap

ho

dii

dae

Cal

amos

tern

us

gran

ariu

s (Li

nnae

us,

1767

)

detr

iti-

voro

usN

orth

Afri

ca,

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOE

dung

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Pleu

roph

orus

caesu

s (C

reut

zer,

1796

)de

triti

-vo

rous

Eura

sia,

nort

h Am

eric

a

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Edu

ngBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Bu

pre

stid

ae

Agril

us a

ngus

tulu

s (I

llige

r, 18

03)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOG

Que

rcus

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), C

obos

(198

6),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), S

chae

fer (

1949

), Th

éry

(194

2)

Tabl

e 9.

5.2.

List

and

cha

ract

erist

ics o

f the

Col

eopt

era

spec

ies a

lien

in E

urop

e of

fam

ilies

oth

er th

an C

eram

byci

dae,

Cur

culio

nida

e sen

su la

to, C

hrys

omel

idae

sens

u la

to a

nd C

occi

nelid

ae. C

ount

ry c

odes

abb

revi

atio

ns re

fer t

o IS

O 3

166

(see

App

endi

x I)

. Hab

itat a

bbre

viat

ions

refe

r to

EUN

IS (s

ee A

ppen

dix

II).


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Bupr

estis

nove

mm

acul

ata

Linn

aeus

, 175

8

phyt

o-ph

agou

sAl

l ove

r Eu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOI2

coni

fers

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), C

obos

(198

6),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Sch

aefe

r (19

49),

Th ér

y (1

942)

Mela

noph

ila

acum

inat

a (D

e G

eer,

1774

)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sho

larc

ticU

nkno

wn

GB

F4co

nife

rsC

obos

(198

6), D

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et

al.

(197

9), S

chae

fer (

1949

), Th

éry

(194

2)B

yrrh

idae

Sim

ploc

aria

sem

istria

ta

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

94)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sC

entr

al &

so

uthe

ast

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nFÖ

Esy

nath

ropi

c ste

ppe;

fe

eds o

n m

oss

(Mni

um)

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9)

Car

abid

ae

Abax

par

allel

us

Duf

tschm

id, 1

812

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

entr

al

Euro

pe18

00, G

BG

BG

Duff

(20

08),

Jean

nel (

1942

), Lu

ff (2

007)

, Val

embe

rg (1

997)

Amar

a ae

nea

(De

Gee

r, 17

74)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sPa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

E, I

Poac

eae

seed

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

, Val

embe

rg (1

997)

Amar

a an

thob

ia A

. V

illa

& G

.B. V

illa,

18

33

phyt

o-ph

agou

sM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

, C

entr

al

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nG

BF4

, B1

Poac

eae

seed

s; sa

ndy

soils

Duff

(20

08),

Luff

(199

8), L

uff (

2007

)

Amar

a au

licus

(P

anze

r, 17

97)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sPa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nFÖ

E, I

com

posit

ea &

ca

rdua

ceae

seed

s, w

aste

land

s

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7)

Amar

a m

ontiv

aga

Stur

m, 1

825

phyt

o-ph

agou

sC

entr

al

Euro

pe,

mou

ntai

ns

1972

, IE

IEF4

, B1,

IPo

acea

e se

eds

Ande

rson

et a

l. (2

000)

Aniso

dacty

lus

bino

tatu

s (Fa

bric

ius,

1787

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

, C

entr

al

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nIS

, IE,

LI,

PT-A

ZO,

PT-M

AD, G

BE3

, IAp

iace

ae se

eds

Ande

rson

et a

l. (2

000)

, Duff

(20

08),

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), L

uff (

2007

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

, Va

lem

berg

(199

7)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Cal

listu

s lun

atus

(F

abric

ius,

1775

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe, A

sia

min

orU

nkno

wn

GB

B1, F

9, G

sand

y so

il, u

nder

fe

lled

trun

ks, b

ark,

tre

e ba

ses

Duff

(20

08),

Luff

(199

8), L

uff (

2007

)

Car

abus

aur

atus

Li

nnae

us, 1

758

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orW

este

rn

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

GB

I1,E

, G5

plai

ns, w

aste

land

s, pr

edat

or m

ollu

scs

Duff

(20

08),

Luff

(200

7), T

urin

et a

l. (2

003)

Car

abus

canc

ellat

us

Linn

aeus

, 175

8pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Wes

tern

an

d C

entr

al

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nG

BE5

dry

soil,

fi el

d, fo

rest

edge

Duff

(20

08),

Luff

(200

7), T

urin

et a

l. (2

003)

Car

abus

conv

exus

Fa

bric

ius,

1775

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rosib

eria

n18

36, G

BG

BG

fore

stsD

uff (

2008

), Lu

ff (2

007)

, Tur

in e

t al.

(200

3)C

arab

us n

emor

alis

O.F

. Mül

ler,

1764

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orW

est

Pala

earc

ticU

nkno

wn

ISI2

, I1,

Gw

oodl

ands

, fi e

lds,

gard

ens

Libu

ngan

et a

l. (2

008)

, Tur

in e

t al.

(200

3)D

emet

rias

atric

apill

us

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rosib

eria

nU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANF9

, Din

veg

etal

dec

ays

alon

g riv

ers a

nd b

ogs,

Car

ex, O

enan

the

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

)

Epap

hius

seca

lis

(Pay

kull,

179

0)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

siber

ian

Unk

now

nIS

F9al

ong

river

s, m

ount

ains

(o

roph

ilous

) G

rani

ger f

emor

alis

(Coq

uere

l, 18

58)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sSp

ain,

Ital

y, C

rimea

Unk

now

nES

-CAN

Hse

eds,

unde

r sto

nes

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

)

Har

palu

s di

sting

uend

us

(Duf

tschm

id, 1

812)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sM

edi-

terr

anea

nU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANI

seed

s; dr

y so

ils, p

aths

, fi e

lds,

dune

sM

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Leist

us

rufo

mar

gina

tus

(Duf

tschm

id, 1

812)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEa

stern

, ce

ntra

l, w

este

rn

Euro

pe

1942

, GB

GB

G, I

mou

ntai

ns, f

ores

ts,

was

te la

nds

Duff

(20

08),

Luff

(199

8), L

uff (

2007

)

Leist

us te

rmin

atus

(P

anze

r, 17

93)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rosib

eria

nU

nkno

wn

ISF9

, Gos

ierie

s

Licin

us p

uncta

tulu

s (F

abric

ius,

1792

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Spai

n, N

orth

Af

rica

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

H5

unde

r sto

nes,

arid

, sa

ndy

envi

ronm

ents

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9), V

alem

berg

(199

7)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Lym

nasti

s gal

ilaeu

s Pi

ocha

rd d

e la

Br

ûler

ie, 1

876

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orSo

uthe

rn

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

AT, H

U, U

AB,

Dw

aste

, nea

r litt

oral

, bo

gsVa

lem

berg

(199

7)

Micr

olest

es m

inut

ulus

(Goe

ze,

1777

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orPa

laea

rctic

1976

, GB

GB

G1

dry

soil,

und

er

deci

duou

sD

uff (

2008

), Lu

ff (1

998)

, Luff

(20

07)

Not

aphu

s var

ius

(Oliv

ier,

1795

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe,

Min

or A

siaU

nkno

wn

ES-C

AND

6, F

9sa

lty m

arsh

es, a

long

riv

ers,

lake

sM

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Ort

uno

and

Torib

io (2

005)

Ocy

drom

us te

traco

lus

(Say

, 182

3)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Pala

earc

ticU

nkno

wn

ISF9

hum

id e

nviro

nmen

ts,

herb

s, al

ong

river

s Pa

ranc

hus a

lbip

es (F

abric

ius,

1796

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe,

Nor

th A

frica

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

F9, B

alon

g riv

ers,

coas

tBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Ph

iloch

thus

gut

tula

(F

abric

ius,

1792

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe, A

sia

min

or19

00, I

EIE

G, D

near

bog

s in

fore

stsAn

ders

on e

t al.

(200

0)

Pter

ostic

hus

angu

statu

s (D

uftsc

hmid

, 181

2)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orN

orth

ern

and

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

1900

, GB

GB

H, G

asso

ciat

ed w

ith b

urnt

sit

esD

uff (

2008

), Lu

ff (1

998)

, Luff

(20

07)

Pter

ostic

hus c

rista

tus

(Duf

our,

1820

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe18

00, G

BG

BG

, F9

unde

r sto

nes i

n fre

sh,

hum

id w

oods

Duff

(20

08),

Luff

(199

8), L

uff (

2007

)

Pter

ostic

hus v

erna

lis

(Pan

zer,

1796

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOE3

was

te in

wet

gr

assla

nds,

near

bog

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(20

08),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Sc

ybal

icus

oblo

ngiu

sculu

s (D

ejea

n, 1

829)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

1879

, GB

GB

E2, I

in c

olon

ies i

n no

n-cu

ltiva

ted

fi eld

sD

uff (

2008

), Lu

ff (1

998)

, Luff

(20

07)

Spho

drus

leu

coph

thal

mus

(L

inna

eus,

1758

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orW

est

Pala

earc

ticU

nkno

wn

IE, E

S-C

AN, G

BJ2

cella

rs, s

tabl

esAn

ders

on e

t al.

(200

0), D

uff (

2008

), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Luff

(199

8), L

uff (

2007

), Va

lem

berg

(1

997)

Tach

yta

nana

(G

ylle

nhal

, 181

0)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Hol

arct

icU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANG

3un

der h

umid

bar

k, in

ba

rk b

eetle

gal

lerie

s in

Abies

and

Ced

rus

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Trec

hus s

ubno

tatu

s D

ejea

n, 1

831

para

sitic

/pr

edat

or19

40, I

EIE

, GB

J6, J

2, I2

near

litto

ral;

in

com

post

in Ir

elan

dD

uff (

2008

), An

ders

on e

t al.

(200

0),

Luff

(199

8), L

uff (

2007

)Ts

chits

cher

inell

us

cord

atus

(Dej

ean,

18

25)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sSp

ain,

Nor

th

Afric

a,

Crim

ea

Unk

now

nES

-CAN

H5

mou

ntai

ns u

nder

sto

nes,

arid

, san

dy

envi

ronm

ents;

gr

aniv

ore

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

)

Cla

mbi

dae

Cla

mbu

s pal

lidul

us

Reitt

er, 1

911

detr

iti-

voro

usso

uthe

rn

Euro

pe,

Min

or A

sia

Unk

now

nAL

, DK

, DE,

HU

, IE

, NL,

SE,

CH

, GB

Gin

hol

low

Mal

us,

debr

is in

rotte

n stu

mp,

in m

oss

amon

g ro

tten

logs

Duff

(20

08)

Cle

rid

ae

Enop

lium

ser

ratic

orne

(Oliv

ier,

1790

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orM

edi-

terr

anea

n Re

gion

1990

, CZ

CZ

J6pr

edat

ory

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), Š

efro

va a

nd

Lastu

vka

(200

5)

Opi

lo d

omest

icus

(Stu

rm, 1

837)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

, N

orth

Afri

caU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOJ

build

ings

, pre

y an

obiid

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

979)

Opi

lo m

ollis

(L

inna

eus,

1758

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe,

Nor

th A

frica

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Jtim

ber,

prey

larv

ae

anob

iids,

build

ings

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9)C

ory

lop

hid

ae

Seric

oder

us la

tera

lis

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

827)

detr

iti-

voro

uspa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

I, J1

mol

dy p

lant

rem

ains

in

war

m p

lace

s, es

peci

ally

gar

den

com

post

and

gras

s cu

tting

s

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

owes

tead

(1

999)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Cry

pto

ph

agid

ae

Atom

aria

api

calis

Er

ichs

on, 1

846

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

, PT-

AZO

J6m

ycop

hage

Beng

tson

(198

1), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, En

ckel

l et a

l. (1

987)

, Fal

coz (

1929

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

Atom

aria

bell

a Re

itter

, 187

5de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe,

nort

h Af

rica

1967

, GB

GB

G3

myc

opha

geD

uff (

2008

)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Atom

aria

fusca

ta

(Sch

önhe

rr, 1

808)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nG

BU

myc

opha

ge; a

lso

adul

ts da

mag

ing

beet

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

Atom

aria

fusci

pes

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

808)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nG

BU

myc

opha

ge; a

lso

adul

ts da

mag

ing

beet

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et

al. (

1967

)At

omar

ia h

islop

i W

olla

ston,

185

7de

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

Unk

now

nG

BU

myc

opha

geD

uff (

2008

), Fa

lcoz

(192

9)

Atom

aria

lohs

ei Jo

hnso

n &

Str

and,

19

68

detr

iti-

voro

usC

entr

al

Euro

pe,

Spai

n

1976

, GB

GB

G3

rotte

n w

ood

debr

is ab

road

; mai

nly

coni

fer f

ores

t

Duff

(20

08)

Atom

aria

mun

da

Eric

hson

, 184

6de

triti

-vo

rous

Eura

siaU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZO, G

BJ1

attic

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

alco

z (19

29),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7)At

omar

ia n

itidu

la

Mar

sham

, 180

2de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe,

nort

h Af

rica

Unk

now

nG

BJ1

myc

opha

geD

uff (

2008

), Fa

lcoz

(192

9)

Atom

aria

pu

nctit

hora

x Re

itter

, 18

87

detr

iti-

voro

usC

entr

al,

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

Unk

now

nG

BJ1

myc

opha

geD

uff (

2008

)

Atom

aria

pus

illa

(Pay

kull,

179

8)de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe,

nort

h Af

rica

Unk

now

nIE

, GB

J2, I

2m

ycop

hage

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et

al. (

1967

)At

omar

ia st

rand

i Jo

hnso

n, 1

967

detr

iti-

voro

usC

entr

al,

sout

hern

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nIE

, GB

J1m

ycop

hage

Duff

(20

08)

Atom

aria

testa

cea

Step

hens

, 183

0de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

GB

J1m

ycop

hage

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

Atom

aria

turg

ida

Eric

hson

, 184

6de

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

ther

n,

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

1996

,IE

, GB

IE, G

BG

3m

ycop

hage

Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et

al. (

1967

)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s de

ntat

us (H

erbs

t, 17

93)

detr

iti-

voro

usPa

laea

rctic

1937

,PT

-MAD

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

ADJ1

fl our

, dry

frui

tsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s di

sting

uend

us S

turm

18

45

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

, Asia

, Af

rica

Unk

now

nFÖ

J1m

ills,

store

d pr

oduc

tsBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fal

coz (

1929

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Cry

ptop

hagu

s sa

gina

tus S

turm

, 18

45

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

, N

orth

Afri

caU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOJ1

attic

Borg

es (1

990)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s sca

nicu

s (Li

nnae

us,

1758

)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

J1gr

ain,

dry

frui

tsBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fal

coz (

1929

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

Cry

ptop

hagu

s sch

mid

ti St

urm

, 18

45

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rasia

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

J1m

amm

als a

nd V

espa

nests

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

alco

z (19

29),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7)

Ephi

stem

us g

lobu

lus

Payk

ull,

1798

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nIE

, PT-

AZO

, GB

G1

grou

nd, s

alix

bas

isBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(20

08),

Falc

oz (1

929)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

Der

mes

tid

ae

Atta

genu

s bifa

sciat

us

(Oliv

ier,

1790

)de

triti

-vo

rous

sout

hern

Eu

rope

, M

inor

Asia

Unk

now

nD

KJ1

, Esto

red

prod

ucts

Atte

genu

s bru

nneu

s Fa

lder

man

n, 1

835

detr

iti-

voro

usM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

Unk

now

nC

H, G

BJ1

dom

estic

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9)

Atte

genu

s pell

io

Linn

aeus

, 175

8de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

IE, G

BJ1

, E5,

I2an

imal

mat

eria

lsFr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

Atta

genu

s qu

adrim

acul

atus

K

raat

z, 18

58

detr

iti-

voro

usso

uthe

rn

Euro

pe,

Min

or A

sia

Unk

now

nC

HJ1

dom

estic

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

9), W

itten

berg

et

al. (

2006

)

Atta

genu

s ros

si G

angl

baue

r, 19

04de

triti

-vo

rous

Cos

mo-

polit

an

(nat

ive?

Eu

rope

, Af

rica,

U

SSR

)

Unk

now

nC

HJ1

dom

estic

Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Atta

genu

s sim

plex

Re

itter

, 188

1de

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

th A

frica

, Ita

lyU

nkno

wn

SEJ

store

d pr

oduc

ts

Atta

genu

s trif

ascia

tus

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

87)

detr

iti-

voro

usM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

Unk

now

nD

E, G

BJ

store

d pr

oduc

tsFr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Her

man

n an

d Ba

ena

(200

4)

Anth

renu

s col

orat

us

Reitt

er, 1

881

detr

iti-

voro

usEa

st M

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

1983

, GB

AT, G

BJ1

, Esk

ins,

stuff e

d an

imal

sD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

Anth

renu

s fest

ivus

Er

ichs

on, 1

846

detr

iti-

voro

usM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

Unk

now

nAT

, CH

J1, E

inse

cts i

n co

llect

ion;

ad

ults

on fl

ower

sFr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al

. (20

06)

Anth

renu

s mus

eoru

m

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

61)

detr

iti-

voro

usH

olar

ctic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

J1, E

inse

cts i

n co

llect

ion

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9)An

thre

nus o

lgae

K

alik

, 194

6de

triti

-vo

rous

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nAT

, GB

J1, E

store

d pr

oduc

tsD

uff (

2008

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

Der

mest

es m

urin

us

Linn

aeus

, 175

8 de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZO, E

S-C

ANJ

dom

estic

on

anim

al

prod

ucts

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

9), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00)

Der

mest

es un

dula

tus

Brah

m, 1

790

detr

iti-

voro

usH

olar

ctic

Unk

now

nLV

, PT-

AZO

, ES-

CAN

Jdo

mes

tic o

n an

imal

pr

oduc

tsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

979)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Der

od

on

tid

ae

Laric

obiu

s eric

hson

ii Ro

senh

auer

, 184

6pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

euro

pe

(impo

rted

to

USA

)

1971

, GB

GB

G3

aphi

d pr

edat

orFr

anz (

1958

), Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

979)

Ela

teri

dae

Atho

us

haem

orrh

oida

lis

(Fab

riciu

s, 18

01)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sW

este

rn,

cent

ral,

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

E5ro

ots c

erea

ls, p

otat

oBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Lai

bner

(200

0),

Lese

igne

ur (1

972)

Mela

notu

s dich

rous

(E

richs

on, 1

841)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sso

uthe

rn

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOF5

shru

bsBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Les

eign

eur

(197

2), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

His

teri

dae

Acrit

us n

igric

orni

s (H

off m

ann,

180

3)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Pala

earc

ticU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZO, E

S-C

ANE

cow,

hor

se d

ung

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

acha

do a

nd

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es

(200

9)H

alac

ritus

pun

ctum

(A

ube,

184

3)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

euro

pe so

uth

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9) H

ypoc

accu

s di

mid

iatu

s (Ill

iger

, 18

07)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orM

edi-

terr

anea

n Re

gion

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

B1ca

dave

rs, f

eces

, veg

etal

de

cays

, san

dy so

ilBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Mac

rolis

ter m

ajor

(L

inna

eus,

1767

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Med

i-te

rran

ean

Regi

on

Unk

now

nD

KB1

cow

dun

g, n

r lito

ral

Maz

ur (1

989)

Sapr

inus

acu

min

atus

(F

abric

ius,

1798

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

euro

-ce

ntro

sasia

ticU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

fi sh

deca

ying

, ca

dave

rs, f

eces

, Aru

mBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Sa

prin

us ca

erul

escen

s (H

off m

ann,

180

3)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

fi sh

deca

ying

, ca

dave

rs, f

eces

, Aru

mBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

Sapr

inus

pl

aniu

sculu

s M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

49

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orpa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Bfi s

h de

cayi

ng,

cada

vers

, fec

es, A

rum

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Sapr

inus

sem

istria

tus

(Scr

iba,

179

0)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

pala

earc

ticU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOB

fi sh

deca

ying

, ca

dave

rs, f

eces

, Aru

mBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Sa

prin

us su

bnite

scens

Bi

ckha

rdt,

1909

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Bfi s

h de

cayi

ng,

cada

vers

, fec

es, A

rum

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Hyd

rop

hil

idae

Cer

cyon

dep

ressu

s St

ephe

ns, 1

829

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orN

orth

ern,

C

entr

al

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Bro

tting

seaw

eed

on

seas

hore

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Cer

cyon

ha

emor

hoid

alis

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

75)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

J6de

cayi

ng o

rgan

ic

mat

ter,

fl ood

deb

risBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Cer

cyon

obs

olet

us

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

808)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orN

orth

ern,

C

entr

al

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Um

ainl

y in

dun

g of

la

rger

her

bivo

res,

but

also

reco

rded

from

ar

rion

and

man

ure

Vors

t (20

09)

Cer

cyon

qui

squi

lius

(Lin

naeu

s ,17

61)

unkn

own

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Enoc

hrus

bico

lor

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

92)

unkn

own

All o

ver

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOB

halo

phil

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Helo

char

es liv

idus

(F

orste

r, 17

71)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

or,

phyt

o-ph

agou

s

cent

ral,

wes

tern

, so

uthe

rn

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

C1,

Din

stan

ding

wat

ers

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)

Spha

erid

ium

bi

pustu

latu

m

Fabr

iciu

s, 17

81

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orW

este

rn,

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Em

amm

al d

ung,

de

cayi

ng o

rgan

ic

mat

ter,

fung

i, an

d on

pl

ant s

ap

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Spha

erid

ium

sca

raba

eoid

es (L

inna

eus,

1758

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rasia

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Edu

ngBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

Kat

eret

idae

Brac

hypt

erol

us

antir

rhin

i (M

urra

y, 18

64)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sM

edi-

terr

anea

n Re

gion

1926

, GB

BE, L

I, LU

, NL,

GB

E, I2

Antir

rhin

um, L

inar

iaAu

disio

(199

3), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, D

uff (

2008

)

Brac

hypt

erol

us

vesti

tus

(Kie

senw

ette

r, 18

50)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sW

est M

edi-

terr

anea

n Re

gion

1929

, GB

AT, B

E, C

Z, D

E, L

I, C

H, G

BE,

I2An

tirrh

inum

, Lin

aria

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Duff

(20

08),

Šefro

va

and

Lastu

vka

(200

5)

Lae

mo

ph

loei

dae

Cry

ptol

estes

cape

nsis

(Wal

tl, 1

834)

detr

iti-

voro

usM

edi-

terr

anea

n Re

gion

1962

, CZ

AL, A

T, B

E, C

Z, D

K,

FI, D

E, H

U, P

L, S

E,

UA,

GB

J1gr

ain

and

grai

n pr

oduc

ts, n

uts,

oilse

eds,

drie

d ro

ot

crop

s

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff (

2008

), Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Lat

rid

iid

ae

Car

tode

re n

orve

gica

(S

tran

d, 1

940)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

FBun

der p

opul

us b

ark

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), R

ücke

r (19

95)

Cor

ticar

ia a

biet

orum

M

otsc

hulsk

y, 18

67de

triti

-vo

rous

Cen

tral

no

rthe

rn

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nPL

, GB

G3

coni

fer s

peci

alist

(d

ougl

as-fi

r, ab

ies)

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7)

Dien

erell

a ru

fi col

lis

(Mar

sham

, 180

2)de

triti

-vo

rous

Med

i-te

rran

ean

regi

on

1889

, GB

DE,

IT-S

IC, P

T-AZ

O, G

BJ1

dry

plan

ts, fl

our

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), B

ouge

t and

V

ince

nt (2

008)

, Duff

(20

08)

Th es

berg

roth

i (R

eitte

r, 18

80)

detr

iti-

voro

usno

rthe

aste

rn

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

GB

I, J

on fu

ngus

, on

deca

ying

pla

nt

mat

eria

l, at

tic; fl

our

, da

ttes

Duff

(20

08)

Lei

od

idae

Cat

ops f

ulig

inos

us

Eric

hson

183

7de

triti

-vo

rous

Wes

tern

, C

entr

al,

Sout

hern

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

F fu

ngi

Beng

tson

(198

1), D

uff (

2008

)

Mel

oid

ae

Myla

bris

varia

bilis

(P

alla

s, 17

81)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

or,

phyt

o-ph

agou

s

Eura

siaU

nkno

wn

IT-S

ARE

adul

t fl o

ricol

ous,

para

site

Acrid

idae

Mal

ach

iid

ae

Axin

otar

sus

mar

gina

lis (L

apor

te

de C

aste

lnau

, 184

0)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nG

BG

sapr

oxili

c/ w

oodl

and

Duff

(20

08)

Mo

no

tom

idae

Mon

otom

a bi

colo

r A.

Vill

a &

G. B

. Vill

a,

1835

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOE,

Jm

ole

nest,

veg

etal

w

aste

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Mon

otom

a lo

ngico

llis

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

827)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOJ,

J6ve

geta

l was

teBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)M

onot

oma

picip

es H

erbs

t, 17

93de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

J, J6

sapr

opha

ge/

myc

opha

ge; v

eget

al

was

te

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Mon

otom

a qu

adrif

oveo

lata

Au

be, 1

837

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rasia

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOJ,

J6de

cayi

ng g

rain

sBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

Mon

otom

a sp

inico

llis

Aubé

, 183

7de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

Jpa

ddy

resid

ues,

padd

y sto

rage

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Rhiz

opha

gus g

rand

is G

ylle

nhal

, 182

7pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe19

83, G

BG

BG

3pr

edat

or

Den

droc

tonu

s- Pi

cea

stand

s

Boug

et a

nd M

onco

utie

r (20

03),

Duff

(2

008)

Myc

eto

ph

agid

ae

Berg

inus

tam

arisc

i W

olla

ston,

185

4de

triti

-vo

rous

sout

hern

Eu

rope

, C

anar

y Is

ls

Unk

now

nAT

, CH

G3

Tam

arix

, on

pine

Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

Eula

gius

fi lic

orni

s (R

eitte

r, 18

87)

detr

iti-

voro

usso

uthe

rn

Fran

ce,

Nor

th A

frica

1993

, GB

GB

G3

with

the

fung

us

Ster

eum

hirs

utum

gr

owin

g on

dea

d br

anch

es o

f bro

ad-

leav

ed tr

ees.

Duff

(20

08)

Nit

idu

lid

ae

Car

poph

ilus

quad

risig

natu

s Er

ichs

on, 1

843

phyt

o-ph

agou

s, de

tri v

orou

s

Med

i-te

rran

ean

regi

on

2000

, DE

AT, D

E, P

T-AZ

OJ1

dry

fruits

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Epur

aea

aesti

va

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

, Asia

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOG

, IAu

disio

(199

3), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

Epur

aea

bigu

ttata

(Th

unb

erg,

178

4)de

triti

-vo

rous

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOJ1

, Im

ushr

oom

sAu

disio

(199

3), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Epur

aea

long

ula

Eric

hson

, 184

5de

triti

-vo

rous

Eura

sia20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

JAu

disio

(199

3), B

orge

s (19

90),

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Meli

geth

es ae

neus

(F

abric

ius,

1775

)ph

yto-

phag

ous

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

I1ra

pe, r

osac

eae,

pol

len-

feed

ing

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(196

7),

Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Meli

geth

es in

canu

s St

urm

, 184

5ph

yto-

phag

ous

Sout

heas

tern

Eu

rope

1867

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZO, G

BFA

, E5

Nep

eta

cata

riaAu

disio

(199

3), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

Niti

dula

fl a

vom

acul

ata

Ross

i, 17

90

detr

iti-

voro

usso

uthe

rn

Euro

pe19

00, C

ZC

ZJ1

, J6

bone

s ver

tebr

ates

Audi

sio (1

993)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Še

frova

and

Las

tuvk

a (2

005)

Poca

dius

adu

stus

Reitt

er, 1

888

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rasia

2004

, GB

GB

E2ep

igeo

us g

aste

rmyc

tes

spec

ialis

tAu

disio

(199

3), D

uff (

2008

)

Oed

emer

idae

Nac

erde

s mela

nura

(L

inna

eus,

1758

)de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

Bdr

iftw

ood

on b

each

es,

moi

st w

ood

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Ph

alac

rid

ae

Phal

acru

s cor

ruscu

s (P

anze

r, 17

97)

phyt

o-ph

agou

sEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Ise

eds o

f yel

low

so

wth

istle

Son

chus

ar

vens

is

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)

Pti

liid

ae

Acro

trich

is co

gnat

a (M

atth

ews,

1877

)de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe19

32, S

EAT

, DK

, FI,

DE,

IE,

NL,

NO

, SE,

GB

E5, J

6du

ng, r

ottin

g fu

ngi,

carc

asse

s, co

mpo

st ne

ar fo

rests

Duff

(20

08),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

1)

Actin

opte

ryx

fucic

ola

(Alli

bert

, 184

4)de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

unkn

own

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Pten

idiu

m p

usill

um

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

808)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)S

cara

bae

idae

Ont

hoph

agus

ill

yricu

s (Sc

opol

i, 17

63)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOE

dung

Bara

ud (1

992)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Buna

lski (

1999

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Ont

hoph

agus

taur

us

(Sch

rebe

r, 17

59)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOE

dung

Bara

ud (1

992)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Buna

lski (

1999

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Ont

hoph

agus

vac

ca

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

67)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOE

dung

Bara

ud (1

992)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Buna

lski (

1999

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Ory

ctes n

asico

rnis

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

detr

iti-

voro

usso

uthe

rn

Euro

pe18

80, D

KD

K, F

I, H

U, L

T,

NO

, SE

Jsa

prop

hago

us,

com

post

Bara

ud (1

992)

, Bun

alsk

i (19

99)

Scy

dm

aen

idae

Sten

ichnu

s col

laris

(M

ulle

r & K

unze

, 18

22)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

I2m

osse

s, le

aves

Beng

tson

(198

1)

Sil

ph

idae

Abla

ttaria

laev

igat

a (F

abric

ius,

1775

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Wes

tern

&

sout

hcen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nEE

E, I1

snai

l pre

dato

r, fi e

lds

Acly

pea

opac

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

)ph

yto-

phag

ous

Cen

tral

, N

orth

ern,

Ea

stern

Eu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOE,

I1ch

enop

odia

cées

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)

Sil

van

idae

Silv

anus

uni

dent

atus

(O

livie

r, 17

90)

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

J1Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Sp

hin

did

ae

Sphi

ndus

dub

ius

(Gyl

lenh

al, 1

808)

detr

iti-

voro

useu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

myc

opha

geBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

967)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)St

aph

ylin

idae

Aleo

char

a bi

pustu

lata

(L

inna

eus,

1761

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orPa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

Iso

litar

y ect

opar

asito

ids

of c

yclo

rrha

phou

s D

ipte

ra (D

elia)

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Aleo

char

a cla

vico

rnis

Redt

enba

cher

, L.,

1849

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orPa

laea

rctic

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOI1

, J6

feed

on

deca

ying

m

eat,

fl y m

aggo

ts an

d al

so o

n fl y

pup

aria

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Aleo

char

a sp

arsa

H

eer,

1839

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

I1, J

pred

ator

of

cycl

orrh

apho

us

Dip

tera

(Mus

ca) i

n sta

bles

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4)

Amisc

ha a

nalis

(G

rave

nhor

st, 1

802)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orIta

lyU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es (1

990)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Anot

ylus n

itidu

lus

(Gra

venh

orst

1802

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe,

cosm

o pol

itan

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Anot

ylus s

pecu

lifro

ns

(Kra

atz 1

857)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

, As

ia M

inor

, N

orth

Afri

ca

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta a

cutic

ollis

Fa

uvel

, 190

7pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

pala

earc

tic20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

U

Athe

ta a

micu

la

(Ste

phen

s,183

2)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, ES

-CAN

UBo

rges

(199

0), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00)

Athe

ta a

tram

enta

ria

(Gyl

lenh

al,1

810)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, ES

-CAN

UBo

rges

(199

0), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)At

heta

casta

nopt

era

(Man

nerh

eim

, 18

30)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta co

riaria

(K

raat

z, 18

58)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZO, E

S-C

ANU

pred

ator

, bio

logi

cal

cont

rol s

oil-d

wel

ling

larv

ae o

f sm

all

Dip

tera

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Athe

ta d

ivisa

(M

aerk

el, 1

844)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

bird

and

ani

mal

nes

tBo

rges

(199

0), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9) At

heta

fung

i (G

rave

nhor

st,18

06)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

, PT-

AZO

, PT-

MAD

, ES-

CAN

I1pr

edat

or, c

arro

t fi e

lds

Beng

tson

(198

1), B

orge

s et a

l. (2

005)

, En

ckel

l et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta g

rega

ria

(Cas

ey, 1

910)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

oreu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Athe

ta h

arw

oodi

W

illia

ms,

1930

para

sitic

/pr

edat

oreu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

, GB

J6bi

rd n

est,

com

post

Beng

tson

(198

1), D

uff (

2008

), En

ckel

l et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Athe

ta lu

ridip

enni

s (M

anne

rhei

m,

1830

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orC

entr

al,

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

2003

, ES

FÖ, P

T-AZ

O, E

SC

3str

eam

bank

sBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Enck

ell e

t al.

(198

7), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta n

igra

(K

raat

z,185

6)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta n

igric

orni

s (Th

om

son,

1852

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

U fu

ngi M

erip

ilus

giga

nteu

sBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Athe

ta o

blita

(E

richs

on,1

839)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orN

orth

ern

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)At

heta

pal

ustri

s (K

iese

nwet

ter,1

844)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orM

oroc

co,

Fran

ce It

aly

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

ADU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta so

rdid

a M

arsh

am,1

802

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orso

uthe

rn

Euro

pe,

Min

or A

sia

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

AD,

ES-C

ANU

Borg

es (1

990)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Athe

ta tr

iang

ulum

(K

raat

z,185

6)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Athe

ta tr

inot

ata

(Kra

atz,1

856)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

oreu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

, PT-

MAD

, ES-

CAN

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00)

Bisn

ius s

ordi

dus

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

pe, A

sia,

Nor

th A

frica

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOI,

J6co

mpo

st, p

reda

tor

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Brac

hygl

uta

palu

dosa

(P

eyro

n, 1

858)

unkn

own

Min

or A

sia,

Bulg

aria

Unk

now

nD

KU

Cafi

us x

anth

olom

a (G

rave

nhor

st, 1

806)

unkn

own

Euro

pe, A

sia,

Afric

a20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9) C

orda

lia o

bscu

ra

(Gra

venh

orst,

1802

)un

know

nN

orth

ern

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZO, P

T-M

AD,

ES-C

ANU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)C

reop

hilu

s max

illos

us

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

unkn

own

Euro

pe (i

ntro

N

Am)

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Cyph

a pu

licar

ia

(Eric

hson

,183

9)un

know

nEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Edap

hus b

eszed

esi

Reitt

er, 1

914

detr

iti-

voro

usso

uthe

rn

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

AT, E

E, C

HJ6

com

post,

rotti

ng p

lant

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ater

ial

Luka

et a

l. (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)Eu

plec

tus i

nfi rm

us

Raff

ray,

1910

unkn

own

Sout

hern

Eu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Gab

rius n

igrit

ulus

(G

rave

nhor

st, 1

802)

unkn

own

Eura

sia20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)G

abro

nthu

s th

erm

arum

(Aub

é,

1850

)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOI,

J6co

mpo

st, p

reda

tor

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Gyr

opha

ena

biha

mat

a Th

omso

n,18

67

unkn

own

Cen

tral

, N

orth

ern

Euro

pe

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Gyr

ophi

nus

fracti

corn

is (O

. M

ülle

r, 17

76)

unkn

own

euro

Med

i-te

rran

ean

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOJ6

was

te, d

ecay

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Had

rogn

athu

s lo

ngip

alpi

s (M

ulsa

nt

& R

ey, 1

851)

unkn

own

Wes

tern

Eu

rope

1989

, GB

GB

G, J

6hu

mus

Duff

(20

08)

Hal

obre

cta fl

avip

es Th

omso

n,18

61un

know

nN

orth

ern,

C

entr

al

Euro

pe

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Het

erot

a pl

umbe

a (W

ater

hous

e,18

58)

unkn

own

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, PT-

MAD

, ES

-CAN

U

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)La

thro

bium

fu

lvip

enne

(G

rave

nhor

st, 1

806)

unkn

own

Nor

ther

n an

d C

entr

al

Euro

pe,

siber

ia

Unk

now

nFÖ

Dbo

gs, m

ires,

wet

fi el

dsBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Lept

acin

us p

usill

us

(Ste

phen

s, 18

33)

unkn

own

Euro

pe

(intro

AF,

AUS)

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Lith

ocha

ris o

chra

cea

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)un

know

nEu

rasia

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)M

icrop

eplu

s mar

ietti

Jacq

uelin

du

Val,

1857

unkn

own

Sout

hern

Eu

rope

, C

auca

sus

Unk

now

nAT

, CH

J6ro

tten

vege

tals

Luka

et a

l. (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6)

Myc

etop

orus

ni

grico

llis (

Step

hens

, 18

32)

unkn

own

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

ES-C

ANJ6

rotte

n ve

geta

lsM

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00)

Myll

aena

bre

vico

rnis

(Mat

thew

s,183

8)un

know

nEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Myr

mec

opor

a su

lcata

(K

iese

nwet

ter,1

850)

unkn

own

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Mac

hado

and

Oro

mi (

2000

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Myr

mec

opor

a uv

ida

(Eric

hson

, 184

0)un

know

nEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Neo

bisn

ius

lath

robi

oide

s (Ba

udi,

1848

)

unkn

own

Euro

pe (i

ntro

N

Am)

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Neo

bisn

ius

proc

erul

us

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

6)

unkn

own

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

Oca

lea p

icata

(S

teph

ens,1

832)

unkn

own

Nor

ther

n,

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Olig

ota

pusil

lima

(Gra

venh

orst,

1806

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

mite

pre

dato

rBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)O

loph

rum

fuscu

m

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

6)un

know

nN

orth

ern

& C

entr

al

Euro

pe

Unk

now

nFÖ

Dbo

gsBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

Om

aliu

m ex

cava

tum

St

ephe

ns, 1

834

unkn

own

Euro

pe,

cauc

asus

Unk

now

nFÖ

E, J

nests

mic

rom

amm

als

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7)O

mal

ium

rivu

lare

(P

ayku

ll, 1

789)

unkn

own

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

FÖJ6

vege

tal d

ecay

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7)O

xypo

da

haem

orrh

oa

(Man

nerh

eim

, 18

30)

unkn

own

Nor

ther

n,

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

Oxy

telu

s scu

lptu

s G

rave

nhor

st, 1

806

unkn

own

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Ph

acop

hallu

s pa

rum

punc

tatu

s (G

ylle

nhal

, 182

7)

unkn

own

Euro

pe18

54, I

EIE

, PT-

AZO

, GB

UAn

ders

on (1

997)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5), D

uff (

2008

), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Philo

nthu

s cep

halo

tes

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2) pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Hol

arct

icU

nkno

wn

FÖU

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7) Ph

ilont

hus c

oncin

nus

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Eura

sia (i

ntro

N

am)

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Philo

nthu

s disc

oide

us

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Eura

sia,

Nor

th A

frica

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZO, E

S-C

ANU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

acha

do a

nd O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)Ph

ilont

hus

fenest

ratu

s Fau

vel,

1872

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

, ca

ucas

us20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

Philo

nthu

s fi m

etar

ius

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2) pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Pala

earc

ticU

nkno

wn

FÖG

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7) Ph

ilont

hus

long

icorn

is St

ephe

ns,

1832

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rasia

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Philo

nthu

s m

argi

natu

s (O

. M

ulle

r, 17

64)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

, Si

beria

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

Philo

nthu

s pol

itus

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOE

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Philo

nthu

s qu

isqui

liariu

s (G

ylle

nhal

, 181

0)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rasia

, N

orth

Afri

ca20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Philo

nthu

s um

brat

ilis

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

(int

ro

NAm

)20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

, ES-

CAN

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Mac

hado

and

O

rom

i (20

00),

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(2

009)

Phlo

eopo

ra

angu

stifo

rmis

Baud

i, 18

70

unkn

own

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Fre

ude

et a

l. (1

974)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Phlo

eopo

ra te

res

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)un

know

nEu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Phlo

eopo

ra te

stace

a (M

anne

rhei

m,

1830

)

unkn

own

Nor

ther

n Eu

rope

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es (1

990)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Freu

de e

t al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Prot

einus

br

achy

pter

us

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

92).

detr

iti-

voro

usPa

laea

rctic

Unk

now

nFÖ

J6ro

tten

vege

tals

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7), G

amar

ra a

nd O

uter

elo

(200

9)

Que

dius

meso

meli

nus

(Mar

sham

, 180

2)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Alps

, Cen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

Rem

us p

ruin

osus

(E

richs

on, 1

840)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orso

uthe

rn

Euro

pe20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)G

eosti

ba ci

rcell

aris

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

6)un

know

nEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

E,G

1Fr

eude

et a

l. (1

974)

Suni

us p

ropi

nquu

s (B

risou

t de

Barn

evill

e, 1

867)

unkn

own

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

PT-A

ZOU

Borg

es e

t al.

(200

5), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4)

Tach

inus

latic

ollis

G

rave

nhor

st, 1

802

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

Tach

inus

sign

atus

G

rave

nhor

st, 1

802

unkn

own

Euro

pe (i

ntro

N

Am)

Unk

now

nFÖ

UBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

Tach

ypor

us

chry

som

elinu

s (L

inna

eus,

1758

)

unkn

own

Eura

sia20

05,

PT-A

ZOPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Tach

ypor

us n

itidu

lus

(Fab

riciu

s, 17

81)

unkn

own

Euro

pe (I

nt

AUS)

2005

,PT

-AZO

PT-A

ZOU

Men

donç

a an

d Bo

rges

(200

9)

Th ec

turo

ta m

arch

ii (D

oder

o,19

22)

detr

iti-

voro

usSo

uthe

rn

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

AT, D

K, E

E, C

H, G

BI,J

6w

aste

land

, com

post

Luka

et a

l. (2

009)

, Witt

enbe

rg e

t al.

(200

6) Xa

ntho

linus

line

aris

(Oliv

ier,

1795

)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

All o

ver

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

FÖ, P

T-AZ

OE,

G, I

2sto

nes,

mos

ses,

fung

iBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Bor

ges e

t al.

(200

5),

Enck

ell e

t al.

(198

7), F

reud

e et

al.

(197

4), M

endo

nça

and

Borg

es (2

009)

Xant

holin

us

long

iven

tris H

eer,

1839

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

UBo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)


Fam

ily

Spec

iesR

egim

eN

ativ

e ra

nge

1st

rec

ord

in

Eu

rop

eIn

vad

ed c

ou

ntr

ies

Hab

itat

Ho

stR

efer

ence

s

Xylo

drom

us

conc

innu

s (M

arsh

am, 1

802)

para

sitic

/pr

edat

orEu

rope

Unk

now

nFÖ

G, F

, I2,

J1fo

rests

, gar

dens

, cel

lars

Beng

tson

(198

1), E

ncke

ll et

al.

(198

7)

Xylo

drom

us d

epre

ssus

(Gra

venh

orst,

180

2)pa

rasit

ic/

pred

ator

Euro

peU

nkno

wn

FÖG

, I2

bark

, wet

woo

dBe

ngtso

n (1

981)

, Enc

kell

et a

l. (1

987)

Ten

ebri

on

idae

Blap

s gig

as

(Lin

naeu

s, 17

58)

detr

iti-

voro

usM

edi-

terr

anea

n re

gion

1888

, CZ

CZ

, DK

, PT-

AZO

J6Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Šef

rova

and

La

stuvk

a (2

005)

Blap

s let

hifer

a M

arsh

am, 1

802

detr

iti-

voro

usEu

rope

Unk

now

nPT

-AZO

, GB

J1, J

2Bo

rges

et a

l. (2

005)

, Duff

(20

08)

Blap

s mor

tisag

a (L

inna

eus,

1758

)de

triti

-vo

rous

Easte

rn a

nd

Cen

tral

Eu

rope

Unk

now

nG

BJ1

, J2

detr

ivor

ous

Duff

(20

08),

Ferr

er a

nd M

artin

ez

Fern

ande

z (20

08)

Blap

s muc

rona

ta

Latre

ille,

180

4de

triti

-vo

rous

Euro

pe,

Med

i-te

rran

ean

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