BO NONG NGHIP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON

CUC THU Y

S6: 0 53/TY-DT V/v chu dOng trien khai cac bien phdp ngan chin nguy co xarn nhi8m benh Dich to 1Qrn chau Phi vao V* Nam

CHI CUC THU Y VUNG VI

- Sa Ming nghiep va Phat trien nong than, Chi cuc Thu y, Chi cuc Chan nuoi va Thu y cac tinh, thanh pho truc thuOc Trung uong; - Trung tam Chan doan thU y Trung uang; - Chi cuc Thu y \Tang I — VII; - Chi cuc Ki'ern dich dOng vat \ding Lao Cai, Lang San va Quang Ninh.

Thuc hien chi dao cua Lanh dao BO NOng nghiep va Phat trien nong than, Cuc Thu y de nghi cac clan vi chu clang trien khai cac bien phap ngan ch4n nguy ca xam nhiem benh Dich to lcm chau Phi vao Viet Nam nhu sau:

1. Tinh hinh benh Dich to lcrn chin Phi a) Tinh hinh benh Dich to kin chau Phi tren the gi oi - Benh Dich to lgn chau Phi lAn dAu tien xuat hien tai Kenya' vao nam

1921 va sau do a. troy thanh dich dia phuang tai nhiL nuac chau Phi.

- Nam 1957, lan dau tien benh Dich to lcm chau Phi dugc phat hien va bao cao tai chau Au va d6n nay dich benh nay da xuat hien 0 nhiL nuac chau Au, trong do Armenia va Lien bang Nga bao cao benh xuat hien vao nam 2007 va Azerbaijan vao nam 2008; benh cling da &lac phat hien tai mot so nuac chau 1■45/.

Nam 2007, benh Dich to lan. chau Phi xay ra u day nUi Caucasus giila chau Au va chau A tai quoc gia Georgia.

DL nay, benh Dich to lgn chau Phi la dich dia phucmg 0 nhiL nu& tren the giai.

- Tir cuai nam 2017 de'n nay, da c6 12 qu6c gia (bao g6m: Trun4 Quac, Lien bang Nga, Ba Lan, CH Sec, Hung-ga-ri, Lat-vi-a, Mon-do-va, Phan Lan, RO-ma-ni, Nam Phi, U-crai-na va Dam-bi-a) bao cao benh Dich to lan chau Phi.

b) Tinh hinh Onh Dich to 19'n chau Phi tai Trung Queic - Theo thong tin dm T6 chirc Thu y th6. giai (OIE), ngay 01/8/2018, benh

Dich to lan chau Phi lan dau tien dugc bao cao xuat hien tai tinh Hac Long Giang cua Trung Quoc. Tong so lorn bi benh la 47 con, bi chest la 47 con (tS, le chest vi benh la 100%) trong tong clan co nguy ca Om 8.792 con; tong so lcm da giet hay bat buOc la 8.745 con (thong c6 con lcm nao dugc phep giet mo de tieu

LONG HOA X -A HO! CHU NGHiA VItT NAM Dkic 14p - Tir do - Hanh pink

Ha Noi, ngay 30 thong 8 /lam 2018

S6' Ngay:,D„ Loai: A B

DENS CONG VAN DEN ir

.4.0.0101-

thu). Ngay 03/8/2018, Phong thi nghiem thu y queic gia caa Trung Quo'c da thy mau xet nghiem bang phuang phap Real-time PCR va giai trinh to gien va dal ket luan/ducmg tinh voi vi rut Dich to ion chau Phi.

- Ngay 16/8/2018, OIE tip tuc thong bao o dich thd 2 bLh Dich to ion chau Phi xuat hiL tai thanh pho Giai M8c Tu thu6c tinh Hac Long Giang lam tong,s8 30 con lgn mac bLh, ca 30 con lgn ch.& (100%) trong tong dan c6 nguy co. gom 260 con; tong so tom da bu6c phai giet hay la 230 con.

- DL ngay 14/8/2018, co quan c6 tharn quyL cua Trung Quo'c da to chdc kiem tra sang loc khan cap 35,54 trieu con lgn song ten toan tinh Hac Long Giang, d8ng tiled da lay 10.226 mau xet nghiem phat hiL vi rat Dich to lgn chau Phi. K& qua da phat hiL dugc 07 mau &rang tinh ten lgn thu6c 02 lang not da xay ra cac o Dich to ton chau Phi. Do do, toan b8 so lgn song tai 02 lang nay da dugc giet hay.

2. TOm tat mot so cac diem ctia benh Dich to Icrn Chau Phi BLh Dich to lon chau Phi (ten tiLg Anh la African swine fever — vie't tat

la ASF) la mOtb@ih truyen nhiem nguy hiem do vi rut gay ra. BLh c6 dac diem lay lan nhanh teen loai lon (gom ca lgn nha va 1on hoang da); b"Lh xay ra a moi lira tuoi va moi loai ton. BLh gay th* hai nghiem trong voi tST 1e chet cao len de'n 100%. Vi rut gay ra bLh Dich to lgn chau Phi (ASFV) co sdc de khang cao trong moi truong. Lon khoi b'Lh lam sang c6 kha nang mang vi rut trong thoi gian dai va c6 the tra thanh vat chu mang trang su8t dai, do vay kh6 c6 the loai trd dugc b"Lh neu de xay ra bLh Dich to lgn chau Phi.

- HiL nay chua c6 vac xin va thuac dieu tri dugc bLh Dich to ion chau Phi, vi vay giai phap phong bLh la chinh, phat hiL va xir ly tri't de o dich ngay tir khi a pham vi nho va chua lay lan; Cac biL phap cha yeu nhu kiem dich nhap khAu, kiem soat van chuyen ion va chan nuoi an toan sinh hoc dugc nhieu nuac da va dang tip dung.

Thong tin chi tie't ve bOnh Dich tá lon chau Phi tai Phu lye dinh kern.

3. Chit dOng tri4n khai cac bien phap ngan chan nguy co. xam nhigm benh Dich chau Phi vao Viet Nam

Cuc Thu y de nghi chit dOng tip dung cac bien phap phong nguy co xam nhigm benh Dich to ion chau Phi vao Viet Nam, cu the nhu sau:

a) Doi vol Sir Nang nghr0 va Phat tri'jn 'ding then, Chi cuc Thu y, Chi cuc Chan nuoi va Thu y cac tinh, thanh pho truv thuOc Trung :rang

Bao cap cac co. quan c6 thArn quyL cua dia phuang xem xet, chi dao khan truang thuc hiL nhimg nOi dung sau:

- Tang cuong ding tac ch8ng buon 1au ion va cac san phAm cua lgn tir nu6c ngoai vao Viet Nam; tuy't doi khOng cho phep buon ban, van chuyen ion va san pham cua ton bat hop phap, khOng ro nguon g8c qua bien ke ca qua tang, qua bi6u cua cu dan bien gio.i; phat hien va kien quyet ?dr ly tinh trong buon lau ton, san pham cua ton theo dung quy dinh cua phap luat, to chirc giam sat chat che, tang cuiyng ding tac kiem dich dOng vat;

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■

KT. CUC TRIMING TRIMING

Vii" Thanh

Noi - Nhtr tren; - BO truong Nguygn Xuan Ctreng (de b/c); - Thu. truong Vu Van Tam (de b/c); - Cuc tracing (de b/c); - Ltru: VT, DT.

- Tang cuong theo doi, giam sat dan lgn tai dia phumg, n'L phat hien lan benh voi cac trieu chimg, benh tich dien hinh cua benh Dich to lon Chau Phi; hoac nghi la lon, san pham lon nhap lau trai phep thi can lay mau giri den Chi cuc Thu y vung quan ly dia ban hoac Trung tam Chan doan thu y Trung uang de chan doan, xet nghiem xac dinh tac nhan gay benh;

- Thanh 14p cac doan ding tac di kie"m tra, don dOc thtrc hien viec phong, chung dich benh tai cac cfra khau va cac dia ban c6 nguy ca cao;

- T6 chirc tuyen truy'en den c6ng,d6ng dan cu nguoi dan khOng tham gia cac hoat dOng buon ban, van chuyen km, san pham cua lgn nhap lau vao trong mr6c tieu thu;,khong mua ban lgn, san pham lgn khong c6 nguon gOc rO rang, chua qua lciem dich thu y de han the phat sinh va lay lan dich benh.

b) Dui voi Chi cyc Kijm dich d'Ong veil yang Lao Cai, Lyng Sun vet Quang Ninh

- Chu d6ng ph& hop, huong dan cac Chi cuc Chan nuoiva Th1.1 y tham muu va de xuat v6i chinh quyen dia phuang cac tinh phia Bac chi duo tang cuong viec giam sat, phat hien va xir ly cac tracing hap van chuyen bat hop pilaf) lon va cac san pham lgn vao Viet Nam;

- Theo dal din bien tinh hinh dich benh teen lon not chung va nguy co lay lan benh Dich to lgn chau Phi de kip tiled trien khai cac giai phap nham ngan chan su xam nhijm cua benh nay vao Viet Nam.

c) Dui voi cac Chi cyc Thu y vung I-VII viz Trung tam Chan dodn thu y Trung wang

- Khan tracing ra soat nang ltrc, xay dung ,va ban hanh quy trinh chan doan, xet nghiem benh Dich to lon chau Phi de,thong nhat ap dung trong pham vi toan quoc; chuan,bi cac kien, trang thiet bi va cac nguyen vat lieu can thiet de thtrc hien chan doan, xet nghiem benh Dich to lgn chau Phi;

- Huang dan, ph& hop va don d6c cac Chi, cuc Chan nuoi va Thu y cac tinh trong viec theo dOi, giam sat va ung pho (neu phat hien co su xuat hien) benh Dich to lon chau Phi.

Cpc Thu y de nghi cac don vi khan tnrcmg t6 chirc thtrc hien va thuong xuyen thong bao ye Cuc Thu y de phoi hop Kir 132 kip thori cac van de phat sinh./.

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Phu luc: MCA so dac diem ciia b?nh Dich to chau Phi

(Ban hanh kern then Cong van s 5) /TY-DT ngay 30/8/2018

cua Cuc trudeng Cuc Dui y)

1. Dac diem chung ciia b?nh Dich to loran chili Phi

Benh Dich to lgn chau Phi (ten tieng Anh la African swine fever - ASF) la benh truyen nhigm nguy hiem do vi rut gay ra. Benh c6 dac diem lay Ian nhanh va xay ra a moi loai lgn (ca lgn nha va lon hoang da); benh xay rap moi h'ra tuoi va moi loai lgn. Benh gay thiet hai nghiem trong voi t-ST le chet cao len den 100%. Vi rut gay ra benh Dich to lon chau Phi (ASFV) c6 sirc de khang cao trong moi truang. Lgn khoi benh c6 kha nang mang vi rut trong thai gian dai, co the la vat chit mang trang mot dai, do \Tay kho c6 the loai trir dugc benh neu de xay ra benh Dich to lgn chau Phi.

2. Da'c diem cita vi rat Dich to kyn chau Phi

- Vi rut Dich to lcm chau Phi la vi rut c6 gien di truyen clang ADN, c6 vo boc clang Icoxahedral, ldch think lon, la Irido-vi rut va xep vao ho Iridoviridae, nhung sau do dugc phan loai vao chi moi chuyen biet la chi Genus Asfi-vi rat thu6c ho Asfarviridae. Vi rut c6 1 serotype, nhimg phat hien c6 toi 16 genotypes va nhieu chung khac nhau c6 d6c luc khac nhau.

- Vi rut Dich to 1cm chau Phi dugc tim thy trong mau, ca quan, dich bai tiet tir lon nhiem benh va chet bon berth nay. Lgn sau khi khoi benh se a the man tinh c6 the mang vi rut suot don. Ngoai ra, ye mem thu6c chi Ornithodoros la mot vector sinh hoc trong to nhien.

- Vi rat Dich to lon chau Phi c6 sirc de khang cao, c6 the ton tai trong chit tiet, dich fiat, trong xac dOng vat, trong thit 1cm va cac the pham tir thit lgn nhu xuc xich, giam b8ng, salami. Vi rut c6 kha nang chiu dugc nhiet d6 thap, dac biet la trong cac san pham thit lgn song hoac nau a nhiet d6 khong cao nen vi rat c6 the chiu dugc trong thai gian dai 3-6 thang; vi rut c6 the bi tieu diet & nhiet d6 56°C trong 70 phut hoac b 60°C trong 20 phut. Vi rut song trong mau cid phan hay (iliac 15 tuan; trong mau kho khong dugc 70 ngay; trong phan a nhiet do phOng dugc 11 ngay; trong mau lgn b nhiet del 4°C trong 18 thang; trong thit dinh xucmg a nhiet d6 39°C dugc 150 ngay; trong giam bong dirge 140 ngay va o nhiet d6 50°C ton tai trong 3 gia.

Trong moi tru&ng 'thong c6 huyet thanh, vi rut c6 the bi pha hay a pH< 3,9 hoac a pH > 11,5. Moi truang c0 huyet thanh vi rat co the ton tai dugc a pH = 13,4 trong 7 ngay; khong c6 huyet thanh vi rut c6 the song dugc 21 gia.

Hoa chit a diet vi rut Dich to lgn chau Phi bao Om ether, chloroform va hop chk iodine hoac sir dung Sodium hydroxide v&i ti le 8/1.000 hoac formalin

VAHDOIECI 20 131

Resolved (outbreak cluster- wild) Continuing (outb reak cluster - domestic) Resolved (both)

DO Resolved (wild) kTij Resolved (domestic) Frd Continuing (wild) al Conlin uing-(domestic)

rni-7-Ntntorrrotion

le

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vOi ti le 3/1.000 hoc chit thy tang hypochlorite chira chlorine 2,3% hoc chAt ortho-phenylphenol 3% nhung phai duy tri thai gian 30 phut.

3. Qua trinh gay benh va lay Ian vi rut Dich ti 19.n chat! Phi - Benh Dich to lgn chau Phi c6 tiled gian u benh to 3-15 ngay, 6. the cap

tinh thai gian u benh chi tir 3-4 ngay.

- Vi rut Dich to lgn chau Phi lay nhigm qua duang ho hdp va tieu h6a, thong qua sir tiep xuc tnyc tiep hoc gian tiep vai cac vat the nhiem vi rut nhu: chuong trai, phucmg tien van chuyen, dyng cu, do dung, quan ao nhiem vi rift va an thirc an thira chua thit lgn nhiem benh hoc bi ye mem can.

4. Phan IA cua benh Dich to Icrn chau Phi

- Nam 1921, benh Dich to lgn chau Phi Fan d'Au,tien xuat hien tai Kenya, chau Phi va sau do da tra thanh dich dia phuang tai nhieu nuac chau Phi.

- Nam 1957, ILI. &Au tien benh Dich to lgn chau Phi dugc phat hien va bao cao tai chau Au va den nay dich benh nay da xuat hien a nhieu nuac chau Au, trong do c6 Armenia Lien bang Nga bao cao benh xuat hien vao nam 2007 va Azerbaijan vao nam 2008; benh cling nhu da dugc bao cao a cac nuac chau MST'.

- Nam 2007, benh Dich to lgn chau Phi dugc bao cao xay ra a day nui Caucasus gift chau Au va chau A tai quoc gia Georgia.

- Den nay, benh Dich to lgn chau Phi troy thanh dich dia phuang a nhi'eu nuac ten the giai.

- Tir cu6i ram 2017 den nay, 12 qu6c gia (bao Trung Qu6c, Lien bang Nga, Ba Lan, Ba Lan, CH Sec, Hung-ga-ri, Lat-vi-a, Mon-do-va, Phan Lan, Ro-ma-ni, Nam Phi, Ukraina va Zambia) bao cao co Dich to lgn chau Phi.

Ban do the hien phan b6 cua benh Dich to lgn chau Phi hien nay

(cap nhat vao ngay 18/8/2018).

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5. Trieu churng, b?nh tich ciia benh Dich to lmt chau Phi

a) Chan moan lam sang

- Lon bi nhigm Dich to km chau Phi c6 nhiL trieu chung, tiny thu'Oc vao mire dO nghiem trong cua benh. Lcm benh bieu hien cac trieu chling khong khac biet so yen trieu chling cua benh Dich to lon co dien (dal va dang c6 tai Viet Nam). Do do, viec than clown Dich to ion chau Phi khO co th6 the xac dinh va phan biet chive bang cac trieu chimg lam sang; can lay mau giri phong thi nghiem de xet nghiem phat hien vi rut Dich to lom chau Phi.

- The qua cap tinh (Peracute) la do vi Kit c6 dOc luc cao, lcm se ch6t nhanh, khong biL hien trieu chling hoac lon se nom va sot cao truesc khi chat.

- The cap tinh (Acute) la do vi rut c6 dOc luc cao gay ra, lon sot cao (40,5-42°C). Trong 2-3 ngdy dau tien, giam bach cau va giam tieu cdu. Lon khong an, lued van dOng, u ru, nom chong (long, lon thich nom chil co bong ram hoac gan nuac. Lcm có bieu hien dau vong bung, lung cong, di chuye'n bat thuong, mot so vong da trong chuye'n sang mau do, dac biet la 6. vanh tai, duoi, tang than, da phan dueri vong nguc va bung, c6 the c6 mau sam xanh tim. Trong 1-2 ngay truck khi con vat chat, c6 trieu chling than kinh, di chuyen khOng vong, nhip tim nhanh, the( gap, kho thou hoac CO, but fan mau mui, viem mat, non infra, tieu chay dui khi ran mau hoac cothe tao bOn, phan cling clung vien c6 kith thuOc nh6, c6 chat nhay va mau. Lon se chat trong vong 6-13 hoac 20 ngay. Lon mang thai c6 the say thai moi giai down. TS, le tit chat cao len toll 100%. Lon khoi benh hoac nhiim vi rut the man tinh thuemg khong có trieu chi mg, nhung chi:mg se la vat chit mang vi rut Dich to lon chau Phi trong suot cuOc dad.

- The a cap tinh (Subacute) gay ra bed vi rut co d'Oc tinh trung binh. Chu yeu dugs tim that' ,or chau Au, km Neu hien trieu chling khong nghiem tron*. Lon sot nhe hoac sot lUc tang litc giam, giam an, skit can, U ru, viem town 130 phoi nen kho tha, ho c6 dorm, phoi co the bOi nhigm vi khuan ke phat, viem khop, van dOng kho khan. Benh keo dai 5-30 ngay, n6u mau trong tim (cap tinh hoac suy tim) thi lon c6 the chat, lon mang thai se say thai, km chat trong yang 15-45 ngay, ti le chat khoang 30-70 %. Lon c6 the khoi hoac bi benh man tinh.

- Th'6 man tinh (Chronic form) gay ra beri vi rut c6 dOc tinh trung binh hoac thap, chit yeu ducfc tim thay or Angola va chau Au. Lon c6 nhiL trieu chling khac nhau, chang han nhu giam can, sot khong on dinh, co trieu chimg ho hap, hoai tir da, hoac viem loet da man tinh, viem khop, viem co tim, viem phoi dinh suem, viem cac khop khac nhau trong giai (loan phat triL.Trieu chling keo dai 2-15 thong, c6 ty le tit vong th'ap, lon khoi benh sau khi nhiem vi rut gay nen benh se troy thanh dang man tinh.

b) Benh dal

- Th&cap tinh: Xuat huyk nhiL it cac hach lympho u da day, gan va than. Than c6 xuat huyet diem, la lath to c6 nhoi huyet. Da co mau toi va phit ne, da vung bung va chart c6 xuat huy6t. CO nhieu nuac xung quanh tim va trong xoang nguc hoac xoang bung, c6 cac diem xuat huyet ten nap thanh quan, bang quang

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va be mat cac ccr quan ben trong; phu ne trong eau triic hach lam ba cua dai tang va ph'an tiep giap \Teri tui mat, tui mat sung.

- The man tinh: Co the gip soy cimg ph:6i hoic có cac 6 hoai to hach, hach phoi sung, viem dinh mang phoi.

6. Chan doin benh Dich to lgn chau Phi

a) Chan douin phan biet

- Dich to lgn chau Phi va Dich to lgn CO dien kho có the chin doan phan biet neu dua vao cac trieu chimg lam sang va benh tich. Vi vay, trong moi tnremg,hgp, phai lay mau xet n iem tai phong thi nghiem xet nghiem phat hien mam benh.

- Cac benh khac can dugc chin doan phan Net vbi benh Dich to ion chau Phi bao g6m cac benh: Benh tai xanh (PRRS), dac biet la the cap tinh, benh Dong dau lon, benh Pho thuong han, benh Tu huyet trUng, benh lien cau khuin do Streptococcus suis, benh Glasser, benh 14T sinh triing &Ong mau do Trypanosoma gay ra, HOi chimg viem da sung than do PCV2, benh gia dai r lgn choai va bi ngO di)c muoi.

b) Lay mail xet nghiem

Lay mau mau lon dang sot trong giai doan dau, mau dugc chong dung bang bo sung EDTA 0,5% hoc Heparin.

- Lach, cac hach bach huyet, hach amidan bao quan & nhiet dO 4°C.

- Huyet thanh tir d'O'ng vat khOi benh, lay mau trong yang 8-21 ngay sau khi lon nhiem benh.

c) Xit nghiem phat hien vi rat gay benh Dich chau Phi - Sir dung to bao monocytes so. cap ciia lorn hoc to bao tuy xtrang, phan

lon vi rut Dich to lon chau Phi phan lip dugc se sinh ra Haemadsorption.

- Phat hien khang nguyen bang phuarig phap Fluorescent antibody test (FAT) ket qua ducmg tinh ciia FAT ding cac trieu chimg va cac ton thucmg có the soy 1:00 xac dinh benh Dich to ion chau Phi.

- Phuong phap PCR: La ksi thuat can thie't doi voi vi'ec xet nghiem cac mau lon nghi bi nhiem vi rut Dich to Ion chau Phi.

- Tiem dOng Vat thi nghiem: Hien khong dugc khuyen cao sir dung phucmg phap nay vi nguy co lay Ian benh cao.

- Kiem tra huyet thanh benh Dich to lon chau Phi bang k'S% thuat ELISA (Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay) hoic IFA (Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA).

7. Phong, chOng benh Dich to lo'n chau Phi

Hien nay chua có vac xin va thuOc dieu tri dirge Dich to lon chau Phi, vi vay giai phap phong benh la chinh, phat hien va xir 13r triet de 6 dich ngay tit khi

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o. pham vi nho va chua lay lan; Kim sok ki6m dich nhap lchdu, ki."e'm sok van chuyen ion va chan nuoi an toan sinh hoc la cac bin phap clul luc dugc cac nuerc da va dang ap clung./.

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