boiler/cooling water processes and parameters - multilab · feedwater • as boiler pressure...
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Boiler/Cooling Water ProcessesBoiler/Cooling Water Processesand Parametersand Parameters
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![Page 3: Boiler/Cooling Water Processes and Parameters - MultiLab · Feedwater • As boiler pressure increases, higher quality feedwater is necessary • Feedwater sources: – Varies from](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051321/5b3f31957f8b9a5e2c8bcdf5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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Outline
• Feedwater• Internal Boiler Water• Condensate• Blowdown• Cooling Water• Process Water
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Feedwater
• Objectives of boiler feedwater treatment:– Prevent introduction of contaminants into boiler– Control addition of conditioning chemicals
• Control of feedwater:– May eliminate scaling, corrosion, carryover,
embrittlement– May reduce operating costs
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Feedwater
• As boiler pressure increases, higher qualityfeedwater is necessary
• Feedwater sources:– Varies from all makeup water to all condensate
water – and everywhere in between
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Feedwater
• Typical treatment of feedwater:– Low/Med pressure boilers
• Zeolite softeners to reduce hardness – hardness used todetermine when regeneration required
– Higher pressure boilers• Demineralizers – monitor silica breakthrough to
determine need for regeneration
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Outline
• Feedwater• Internal Boiler Water• Condensate• Blowdown• Cooling Water• Process Water
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Internal Boiler Water
• Direct treatment of boiler water:– Prevents scale formation– Provides pH control– Prevents corrosion
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Internal Boiler Water
• Scale prevention:– Calcium and magnesium which cause scale are
controlled by:• Phosphate• pH• Chelant addition• Alkalinity
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Internal Boiler Water
• Corrosion prevention is affected by:– Alkalinity– pH– Dissolved oxygen (oxygen scavengers)– Ammonia/amines
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Internal Boiler Water
• High pressure boilers:– Maintain low silica level to prevent carryover into
the steam and deposition on turbine blades
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Outline
• Feedwater• Internal Boiler Water• Condensate• Blowdown• Cooling Water• Process Water
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Condensate
• Condensate – high purity water, commonlyreturned to the boiler in lieu of treatedmakeup water
• Amount and nature of contaminants incondensate may reveal carryover andcorrosion problems and suggest treatment.
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Condensate
• Common condensate contaminants:– Leaking in of cooling water from turbine
condenser• Dissolved gasses, oils, ions, suspended metal• Condensate polishers used to reduce contaminants
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Condensate
• Common condensate contaminants:– Leakage in from heat exchangers and condensers
• Hardness, conductivity, turbidity
– Corrosion problems• Iron, copper, dissolved oxygen
– Carryover or condenser leakage• Sodium, silica
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Outline
• Feedwater• Internal Boiler Water• Condensate• Blowdown• Cooling Water• Process Water
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Blowdown
• Removes precipitated sludge and dissolvedsolids from boiler water– BUT results in loss of heated water and treatment
chemicals• Control blowdown to maintain safe solids
levels while minimizing chemical loss
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Blowdown
• Typical monitoring parameters– Solids (to control blowdown)– Silica– Hydrazine, oxygen scavengers– Phosphate– pH– Conductivity
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Outline
• Feedwater• Internal Boiler Water• Condensate• Blowdown• Cooling Water• Process Water
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Cooling Water
• Used in condensing steam, in water and airchillers, for process cooling
• Two types– Once-through– Recirculating
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Cooling Water
• Once-through systems– Require chlorination to prevent biological fouling
of heat exchangers• Recirculating systems
– Require more treatment because of solids buildupdue to evaporation
– Need to prevent scale formation
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Cooling Water
• Chemical additives may be added to preventscale due to hardness– Organic feed– pH control– Chelant addition– Phosphate, phosphonate
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Cooling Water
• Parameters that affect corrosion– Dissolved oxygen– Carbon dioxide
• Typically controlled with:– Corrosion inhibitors – chromates,
polyphosphates, molybdates, zinc, pH control,alkalinity, chlorine
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Cooling Water
• In recirculating systems, turbidity is alsomonitored to control the filtration process.
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Outline
• Feedwater• Internal Boiler Water• Condensate• Blowdown• Cooling Water• Process Water
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Process Water
• The water used for operations including metalplating, metal working, manufacturingactivities
• Typically water is softened, pH adjusted,treated for corrosion control and slimeinhibition.– Free of turbidity, color, iron, manganese
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Process Water
• Typical industrial needs:– Wash/Rinse Water – Free of hardness– Beverage Water – Sterile, clear, taste/odor free– Brewing Water – Low hardness, alkalinity– Paper Processes – Low color, iron, manganese– Chlor-alkali Manufacturing – Monitor calcium in
brine to prevent membrane fouling
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Instruments we will Cover
• Series 5000 Silica Analyzer• CL17 Chlorine Analyzer• Surface Scatter 6 HR Turbidimeter• 1720D LR Turbidimeter• GLI pH/Conductivity
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Boiler/Cooling Water ProcessesBoiler/Cooling Water Processesand Parametersand Parameters