bones and skeletal tissues lecture slides -...
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Bones and Skeletal Tissues Chapter 6
Classification of Bones ● Axial Skeleton ● Appendicular skeleton
Classification of Bones Long Bones Short Bones ● Sesamoid Bones
Flat Bones Irregular Bones
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Function of Bones ● Support
● Protection
● Movement
● Mineral and Growth Factor Storage
● Blood Cell Formation
● Triglyceride Storage
● Hormone Production
Bone Structure
Gross Anatomy ● Bone Texture
○ Compact Bone ○ Spongy Bone
Bone Structure
Gross Anatomy ● Structure of Short,
Irregular, and Flat Bones
● Structure of a Typical
Long Bone ○ Diaphysis ○ Epiphyses ○ Membranes
■ Periosteum ■ Endosteum
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Bone Structure
Gross Anatomy ● Location of Hematopoietic
Tissue in Bones ○ Red Marrow and Red Marrow
Cavities ● Bone Markings
○ Projections (heads, trochanters, spines, and others)
○ Depressions and Openings (fossae, sinuses, foramina, and grooves)
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Cells of Bone Tissue ● Osteogenic Cells ● Osteoblasts ● Osteocytes ● Bone Lining Cells ● Osteoclasts
Microscopic Bone Anatomy: Compact Bone
The Osteon (Haversian System) ● Lamellae: Fig: 6.6 and 6.7
● Canals and Canaliculi
○ Haversian Canal ○ Perforating (Volksmann) canals ○ Lacunae
● Interstitial and Circumferential
Lamellae ● Spongy Bone
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Chemical Composition of Bone
● Organic
components ● Inorganic
components
Formation of the Bony Skeleton
Endochondral Ossification Intramembranous Ossification
Formation of the Bony Skeleton
Endochondral Ossification
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Formation of the Bony Skeleton
Intramembranous Ossification
Formation of the Bony Skeleton
Endochondral Ossification 1. Bone collar forms around diaphysis of hyaline mold 2. Cartilage in the center of diaphysis calcifies then
develops cavities 3. Periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy
bone forms 4. The diaphysis elongates and a medullary cavity forms 5. The epiphyses ossify
Formation of the Bony Skeleton
Intramembranous Ossification 1. Ossification centers appear in the fibrous connective
tissue membrane 2. Osteoid is secreted within the fibrous membrane and
calcifies 3. Woven bone and periosteum form 4. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone, just deep to the
periosteum. Red marrow appears
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Postnatal Bone Growth
● Growth in
Length of Long Bones (fig 6.10)
● Growth in Width
Bone Remodeling
● Bone Deposit ● Bone Resorption ● Control of
Remodeling
Bone Remodeling
Bone Deposit
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Bone Remodeling
Bone Resorption
Bone Remodeling
Control of Remodeling ● Hormonal controls ● Response to Mechanical Stress
Bone Remodeling
Hormonal Controls
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Bone Remodeling
Response to Mechanical Stress ● Wolff’s Law
Bone Repair
Fracture Classification
Bone Repair
Fracture Treatment and Repair
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Test 1 Study Guide