BOOK3Unit8

泰山学院 大学外语教学部 张晖

BOOK3Unit8

SECTION SECTION AAUUNITNIT88

Background informationBackground information

Text understandingText understanding

AssignmentAssignment

phrases and sentence phrases and sentence structuresstructures

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On July 5th, 1996, the 1st cloned mammal Dolly was born in Britain.

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In 1998, fifty cloned mice were born inHawaii in the U.S.

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In December 1999, the 1st cloned pet －Copy Kitty was born.

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On Jan.13,2000,thefirst cloned monkey– Tetra was born in USA.

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Related Information

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What is cloning?

Cloning refers to the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.

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What is DNA?. DNA: (deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核

酸 ) the molecule at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction. 

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How were you born?

In traditional reproduction, a child gets half its genes from its ______ (in her egg) and half from its ______ (in his sperm).

motherfather

BOOK3Unit8 What’s the difference?

The combination of genes is a fundamental basis for human variation and diversity.

All of the cloned child's genes would come from a _________ . The child would be a genetic duplicate of that existing donor.

DNA donor

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BOOK3Unit8

Watch & Discuss

• What is your opinion about human cloning?

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Is human cloning a good thing?Is human cloning a good thing?

NNoo

YeYess

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SectionSection AUnit 8Unit 8

Legal and Moral Implications

of Cloning

Legal and Moral Implications

of Cloning

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BOOK3Unit8

Main idea of the text ?

When a world with human clones was suddenly within reach, people’s reactions to it were strong and varied. They puzzled over a number of questions about the legal and moral implications of cloning.

BOOK3Unit8 Part 1

Text Structure

Part 3

Part 2

Part 4

(Para.1) Background situation

(Para.2-3)Responses to the general situation

(Paras.4-18) Six puzzles or questions on the issue of cloning

(Para.19)conclusion: The list of questions could go on; people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning.

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3. What were the responses from people?

2. What did the success of cloning an adult mammal mean?

1. What is the news according to the first paragraph? keys

keys

keys

Questions & Answers

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(Para.1)

1. What’s the news?

A Scientist named Ian Wilmut had succeeded in cloning an adult mammal-an achievement long thought impossible.

Keys

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2. What did the success of cloning an adult mammal mean?

A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was a science fiction coming to life.

Keys

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(Paras.2-3)

3. What was the response from governments?

What was the response from President Clinton?

: They hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown future.

: He ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning.

Keys

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(Paras.2-3)

What was the response from leaders in Europe?

What was the response from scientists and others?

They began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.

They had a long list of difficult puzzles about the appearance of Dolly.

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Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning

Para. 1 At first it was just plain surprising. Word last week that a scientist named Ian Wilmut had succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible—caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within the reach. It was science fiction coming to life.

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Para.1b In the wake of Wilmut’s announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.

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Para. 3 Like the Theory Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dolly’s appearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.

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成功地做了某事succeed in doing sth. : achieve what one is trying to do

如果他们成功地达成了停火协议，联合国将派驻维和部队。If they succeed in establishing a cease-fire, the UN will send in peace-keeping forces.

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中国经济发展的成功经验适用于大多数发展中国家。

China’s successful experience in economical development may work for most of the developing countries.

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适用于；为 ······ 工作 work for: 1. apply to 2. make efforts to achieve

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inside the distance that can be touched

within one’s reach 在伸手能及的范围之内

TranslationTranslation经过五年的努力工作，他升职在望。

KeyKey

After five years’ hard work, promotion

seemed within his reach.

ComparisonComparison

beyond/out of (one’s) reachbeyond/out of (one’s) reach

Promotion seemed out of reach for

me,

even I’d been in the company for

more

than twelve years.

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BOOK3Unit8III. III. Expressions & Patterns

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6. 随着，紧跟着 in the wake of :coming after or following

人类社会不得不遭受一个接一个的随着生态破坏而来的灾难。Human societies have to suffer one disaster after another that follows in the wake of the ecological damage.

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Part III ( paras.4-18)

Main Idea:

This part mainly deals with six puzzles or questions on the issue of cloning.

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Paras. 8-9: Would a cloned human be identical to the original?

Paras. 6-7: Will it be possible to clone a dead?

Paras. 4-5: Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?

Questions on the topic cloning

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1.Why would anyone want to clone a human being?

:Parents want to ____________________________________________.

provide transplants for a

clone themselves for

(Paras. 4-5)

:Adults might want to _________________________________.

dying child or to replace him

various reasons

Fill in the blanks

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2. Will it be possible to clone a dead?

1)Perhaps it is possible to clone the ______if the body is ________.

2) The cloning method requires combining an _____ cells with the _________ of a cell containing______ of the person to be ________.

deadfresh

egg nucleusDNA cloned

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3.Would a cloned human be identical to the original?

in appearance

(Paras. 8-10)

YesYes

NNoo

in personalities

identical genes

identical people

WhWhy?y?

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Because personality is heavily influenced by life experience andenvironment.

Twins are more alike

than clones would be.

WhWhy?y?

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Para. 4 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?Para.5 The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves.

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Para. 6 Will it be possible to clone the dead?Para. 7 Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used by Wilmut’s lab requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible.

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Para. 8 Would a cloned human be identical to original?Para. 9a Identical genes don’t produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance,

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Para. 9b but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost.

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Back 幻灯片 36Back 幻灯片 36

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可分成；属于fall intobe divided into; belong to

这些书可分成三类。

These books fall into three classes.

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分裂瓦解break apartbreak in pieces without force being used

堡垒最容易从内部瓦解。

The fortress is most liable to break apart from within.

BOOK3Unit8 Expressions & Patterns BackBack

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在理论上in theory:as a general idea which may not be true in reality

从理论上和实践上说，人是可以被克隆的。

In theory and in practice, human beings can be cloned.

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be exactly the same asbe identical to/with (L28) (L28) 与……一模一样与……一模一样

TranslationTranslation这些考试和去年的考试相同。

KeyKey

The tests are identical to those

carried

out last year.

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“as” 用做关系代词，代替整个句子

1. As anyone can see, they are very happy.2. As is known all over the world, he is a famous writer.

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BOOK3Unit8III. III. Expressions & Patterns

and( so on and) so forth

They sell pens, pencils, paper and so forth.

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等等

他们出售钢笔、铅笔、纸张等等

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give birth to

succeed in doing

in the wake of

fall into

be divided into bring into the worldcoming after achieve (vt.)

Matching GamesMatching Games

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a variety of

break apart

come into life

get around

puzzle over

be alive/vivid

overcome

all kinds of

think hard about

come apart

BOOK3Unit8homework

Write a 100-word composition on the following topic:

Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages and Disadvantages of cloning. of cloning.

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