Posthumous C17th Parsuna Парсуна (Icon-like effigy) of

Tsar Fëdor I Ivanovich

Last of the Riurikids

born 1557 reigned 1584-98

State Historical Museum, Red square, Moscow Государственный Исторический Музей

Portrait from workshops in the Оружейная Палата Oruzheinaia Palata Armoury Workshops, Moscow

Kremlin, perhaps associated with the appointment of Andrei Chokov in 1586 as the first Court painter (as

distinct from icon painter) http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/arts/painting/

religious-paint/icon-paint/introd/parsunas/fiodor.jpg; Lindsey Hughes, “Images of the Elite”, Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, 56 (2000) 170; Е.С. Овчинников, Портрет ж Русском искусстве XVII века: Материалы и исследованиия, Москжа 1955,

p. 13..

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/gim/svntnthc.html & http://www.shm.ru/ev42067.html.

Polish mores: False Dmitri (Лжедмитрий) coronation portrait, 1605 Left: Lucas Kilian etching 1606

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/gim/svntnthc.html & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maryna_Mniszch%C3%B3wna_of_Poland.gif

Polish mores: Tsarina Marina of Mtsensk (1588-1614), painted by a Polish court painter to accompany a wedding album composed by poet, state secretary and courtier, Stanislaw Grochowski (1542-1612) ca 1605

Polish mores: Wedding of Marina Mtsensk and False Dmitri http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/gim/svntnthc.html

Polish mores: Coronation of Marina Mtsensk outside Moscow, 1605

Icon-like Effigy Parsuna (Парсуна)

Portraiture 1630s?

Mikhail Vasil’evich

Skopin-Shuiskii (1586-1610), fallen

hero of the wars to free Russia of Poles and

Swedes

State Historical Museum, Red square, Moscow Государственный Исторический Музей http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/arts/painting/religious-paint/icon-paint/introd/

parsunas/skopin.jpg and http://historydoc.edu.ru/search_result.asp?

context=%ED%E0%E4%E5%F2%FB; Lindsey Hughes, “Images of the Elite”, Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, 56 (2000)

170.

Monument in Moscow in Red Square outside St Basil’s to Minin and Pozharskii, heroes from the upper Volga region of the war of 1610-11.

Pavel’ Petrovich Chistiakov (1832-1919): Patriarch Hermogen refuses to bless Polish rule (1860 nationalist painting imagining events in 1612)

Russian Science-Research Museum of the Russian Academy of Art, St Petersburg Научно-исследовательский музей Российской Академии Художеств http://www.art-catalog.ru/picture.php?id_picture=8310.

Tsar Mikhail Fëdorovich Romanov born 1596

reigning 1613-45

Unusual equestrian posthumous portrait in oils on canvas executed ca 1675 to ca 1685. Tempera on

canvas now, not wood, but the gold shows the continuing influence of

icon techniques.

State Historical Museum, Red square, Moscow Государственный Исторический Музей

http://pic.ipicture.ru/uploads/090224/5pffUPURni.jpg &

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/gim/portraiture.html; Lindsey Hughes, ‘Images of the Elite’,

Forschungen zur osteuropaischen Geschichte, 56 (2000) 171.

Golden Throne of Tsar Mikhail Fëdorovich Romanov (born 1596, reigning 1613-45)

(throne dates from before 1642)

Armoury Museum of Moscow Kremlin Оружëнная Палата Московского Кремля

http://imagesgallery.kreml.ru/image-view.jsp?

pos=112&pageStart=109 & http://az.lib.ru/img/s/sipowskij_w_w/text_0070/

sip1_37.jpg.

Another C17th throne

Notice the Eastern motifs: the elephants

http://museums.artyx.ru/

books/item/f00/s00/z0000014/pic/000049.jpg.

Il’ia Efiimovich Repin (1844-1930) The Cossacks write a letter to the Sultan (1880s)

Казаки пишут письмо турецкому султану State Russian Museum, St Petersburg http://kazak-forum.jino-net.ru/images/zaporoj_kazaki.jpg.

Map (1607) of the Siege of Moscow in 1606 showing the

manoeuvrable timber walls (guliai gorod гуляй город) protecting

the besiegers.

From album produced by a Haarlem merchant: the Album Amicorum (1616) of Issac Abrahamszoon Massa (1586-1643). He traded grain in Muscovy 1601-09 and

made several trips thereafter (sometimes in the service of Sweden and Poland). His

memoir is A Short History of the Beginnings and Origins of these Present

Wars in Moscow under the Reign of Various Sovereigns down to the Year 1610, ed. & trans. G. Edward Orchard, Toronto,

University of Toronto Press,1982.

National Library of The Netherlands, The Hague Koninklijke Bibliotheek

(http://www.kb.nl/en/home) manuscript 78 H 56 @

http://opc4.kb.nl/DB=1/SET=2/TTL=51/SHW?FRST=54; Chester S.L. Dunning, Russia’s

First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 2001.

Franz Hals portraits (1522 & 1526) of Isaac Massa (1586-1643) and his wife Beatrix van der Laen

Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, bequest of Frank P. Wood (1955) @

http://www.ago.net/assets/images/556/6481_LR.jpg & http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/

Frans_Hals_056.jpg.

Anonymous portrait of

False Dmitri

Hessische Landes- und Hochschulbibliotheek, Darmstadt, Germany

http://www.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/service/start/

index.de.jsp in Chester Dunning’s Russia’s First civil

War

Grigorii Otrep’ev (Лжедмитрий False Dmitri 2) http://russia-ic.com/img/culture_art/lzhedmitry_001.jpg

Western European “Orientalism” – Western Pejorative View of Muscovy: Adam Olearius (1603-71), Protestant traveller to Muscovy (1634-35) and then

Persia from the principality of Holstein-Gottorp, north Germany. Supposed view of Muscovite drunks and fornicators:

‘The Tsar’s Tavern (Царский кабак)’ in a memoir published in 1647 and 1656. http://his.1september.ru/2003/33/18-2.jpg.

The late-C17th Martial Ideal:

Imagined posthumous

portrait of Yermak (ca 1540 - 1585),

the cossack in Muscovite service under Ivan IV who conquered the Khanate of

Siberia in 1582.

State Historical Museum, Red square, Moscow

Государственный Исторический Музей

http://bibliotekar.ru/rusKart/1.htm.

Coronation Feast of Tsar Mikhail Fëdorovich in 1613 from a late C17th album attributed to Artamon Sergeevich Matveev

The Tsar leaves the Blagoveshchenskii Cathedral (Благовещенский Соборь) in the Muscovite Kremlin

(Picture book of Prince V.V. Sheremet’ev -- Картина Шереметьева, 1860s) http://historydoc.edu.ru/catalog.asp?cat_ob_no=&ob_no=15996

Boris Godunov’s Muscovite ambassador to Elizabeth I of England, 1600: the gentryman (dvorianin дворянин)

Grigorii Ivanovich Mikulin.

Portrait by an unknown English artist.

He had served as governor of Narva and of Siberian settlements in the 1590s. He had known Godunov since the 1570s, when they

had been part of the circle of the heir to the throne (tsarevich царевич), Ivan Ivanovich (died 1581). The sea journey took 33

days. He travelled with a scribe (pod”achi подъячи) and a translator. He had an audience with Elizabeth on 14 October

1600. His charge was to explore whether the English would help Muscovy (in the north) to defeat Poland and Sweden, or (in the south) join a Christian crusade against the Ottoman Turks. His

second audience, at which he received an answer in the negative, was on 14 May 1601. He departed England at Gravesend on 21

May 1601. He re-joined the Muscovite army on the Polish frontier in 1602, and was commanding at rifle (strel’tsy стрельцы)

regiment at Orël in 1605.

State Historical Museum, Red square, Moscow Государственный Исторический Музей

http://chron.eduhmao.ru/page_8_16_0.html & http://www.inter-rel.ru/book150/1.jpg & http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/gim/portraiture.html.

Two C17th Portraits of Chancellery Officials

(Dumnye D’iaki Думныe Дьяки): I.T. Gramotin

http://www.emc.komi.com/02/05/091.htm

Afanas’i Ivanovich Vlas’ev

Polish woodcut image from a panegyric for Stanisław Grokowski (Cracow 1605). Vlas’ev was a trusted

associate of Boris Godunov and had served in the Muscovite embassy to Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf in

Vienna since 1595, then served in the Diplomatic Office (Posol’skii Prikaz Посольский Приказ) in Moscow from 1601. After a brief spell as Governor in Tula, a key fort and munitions centre south of Moscow, Vlas’ev soon

adjusted to serving False Dmitri, and was sent as envoy to King Sigismund of Poland to report on the accession of False Dmitri and to help arrange his marriage to Marina of Mtsensk. When Vasilii Shuiskii became Tsar in 1607 after False Dmitri was deposed and murdered, Vlas’ev was sent to be Governor of Ufa in Bashkiria, but was

actually imprisoned till 1610. His career and fate thereafter is unknown.

http://ms-reenactor.livejournal.com/tag/XVII+%D0%B2.