brachycera-08

7/29/2019 Brachycera-08

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Blood sucking flies

Non-blood sucking flies

Myiasis

by:

DR.dr. Teguh W Sardjono, DTM&H, MScdr. Agustin Iskandar, MKes


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Order Diptera - Flies

Completemetamorphosis

One functional pair ofwings

Hind wings haltares

Antennae structure

important inclassification

Suborder Nematocera

Suborder Brachycera

Suborder Cyclorrhapha


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Suborder Brachycera

Larvae have incompleteretractile head

Aquatic

Pupa free or enclosedin puparium

Adult large

Antennae short

3-segmented and thirdsegment may haveannular ring


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Suborder Cyclorrhapha

Larvae headlesswith mouth hooks

Pupa enclosed in

puparium Adult medium size

Antennae short, 3-

segmented and thirdsegment has arista


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Charactheristics:fairly large, stout, two winged flies,short antenna with 3 segmented, the 3rd

segment is enlarged, annulated or havebrystle

Piercing & sucking mouth part

Composed of 14 families, only familyTabaniidae have medical importance


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- Head : big, semilunar, big eye,antenna is shorter than head

- Thorax: stout, 1 pair wing, 3 pairs leg

- Abdomen: posseses 7 segments,broud and stout, flatteneddorsoventrally.


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9 months to 2 years (usually 1 year)


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http://www.yahooligans.com/content/animals/photo/3781.html


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Suborder Brachycera

Breeding places aquatic Eggs are laid on vegetation

overhanging water

Larvae drop into water or mud andare predacious on other insectlarvae

Mature larvae move to drier soiland pupate

Feeding - usually near breedingsites Female only is a blood feeder

Interrupted feeding due to painfulbite (host irritation)

Daylight feeders only

Mammals and reptiles (not birds)


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Suborder CyclorraphaHigher Dipterans

Antennae

3 segments with arista on 3rd segment

Spongiform mouthparts Usually soft and fleshy

Labium modified into a sponging pad (labellum)

Mandibles and maxillae vestigle

Blood sucking mouthparts

Labium is "hardened" and now is a piercingstructure (proboscis)


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Suborder Cyclorrapha

Six families of importance which are dividedinto 2 subgroups

Blood feeding

Family Muscidae (in part) - stable fly, horn fly, tsetse fly Nuisance and myiasis

Family Muscidae (in part) - house fly, face fly

Family Sarcophagidae - flesh fly

Family Calliphoridae - bottle fly, screw worm fly

Family Oestridae - sheep bot fly

Family Hypodermatidae - warble fly (cattle grub)


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2. Blood sucking muscid2.1 Glossina ( tsetse flies)

- elongated, yellowish to blackbrown flies

- forwardly projecting proboscis

- characteristically wing venation

- antenna : 3rd segment is banana shaped,arista caharacterised by branched hairs inupper surface

- wing venation : the 4th and 5th vein described

as hatchet- in resting position : the wing look like a pair of

scissors


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Life cycle : 2 3 months

Medical importance :

biological vector of Trypanosomiasis


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2.2 Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly/dog fly) Life cycle - approximately 3

weeks Eggs laid in manure/straw, decaying

vegetation (lawn clippings), seaweed

Bimodal spring and fall populationpeaks

Feeding habits likes light (sun) and stays outdoors Feeds 1 or 2 times a day and inflicts

painful bite Interrupted feeder and both sexes

feed on blood Problem where animals congregate

Barns, corrals, dairy, feedlot


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Chrysomyia: Importance species :

Chrysomyia bezziana:8 12mm

Green or blue greenmetallic flies

Colour of face : yellow

Squama: hairly

The dorsal bristle on thethorax (-)

Larvae: cause myiasis(Obligate parasit of theliving tissues )


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Green bottles Colour of face : white Squama: bare The dorsal bristle on the

thorax (+)

Larvae : not obligatoryparasite of livingtissue,normally breed incarrion,some species havebeen reported as infestingwounds of human(L.serricata, L.cuprina)


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Callitroga :C.americana,C.macellaria

- An obligatory parasiteof living tissue Newworld Screw worm

- Blue to blue green flies- Dorsal bristle of

thorax is poorly

- Squamae is hairly like

Chrysomyia bezziana


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Large grey flies (8 15mm)

2 genus :WohlfahrtiaParasarcophaga

Longitudinal black markingson the thorax

Chess pattern on theabdomen

Larviparous

Occasionally cause myiasis Usually breed in carrion or

in human and animalexcreta


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brachycera-08

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