_ . THI TRi/dNG THUY SAN

Braxin: Nhieu cc hoi cho ca tra Viet Nam

vox DIEN TICH KHOANG 8,5 TRIEU KM^ DAN SO GAN 200 TRIEU N G U O I , TRONG BO TANG^LOP

TRUNG LUu NGAY CANG TANG, THU NHAP BINH QUAN DAU N G U O I NGAY CANG CAO VAO MlJC TIEU THU THUY SAN GIA TANG NHANH CHONG, BRAXIN LA THI T R L T O N G HLTA HEN CHO THUY SAN NHAP

KHAU, TRONG DO CO MAT HANG CA TRA VIET NAM.

Nha san xuat thuy san lan trong khu vine

Braxin co dudng bd bien dai 8400 km va mgt he tho'ng song ngdi rpng khap, hau he't cac con sdng Idn deu chay ra Dgi Tay Duong, trong do cd sdng Amazon Idn nha't the' gidi tinh theo dung lupng nudc va la con sdng dai thu hai tren the gidi. Dd la nhiing uu the'cua Braxin de phat trien manh khai thac va NTTS.

Theo To chuc Luong thuc va Nong nghiep Lien hiep quoc (FAO), ude CO khoang 3,5 trieu lao dpng tryc tiep hoac gian

tie'p tham gia khai thac va NTTS d Braxin. Nghe ca nho cua ngu dan danh bSt bang phuong phap thii cdng tap trung chu ye'u d phia bac va dong bac, cdn cae hoat ddng khai thac cong nghiep tgp trung d viing bien phia nam nudc nay.

Hien nay, phan Idn nguon loi thiiy san ty nhien cua Braxin da khai thac de'n gidi hgn hoge qua gidi hgn cho phep, chu ye'u do nghe ca edng nghiep. Nam 2011, Braxin la nha san xua't thuy san diing thir tu khu vuc My latinh va Caribe, san lupng thuy san

khai thac d miie kha dn dinh, khoang 800.000 tah/nam.

Braxin diing thii 2 khu vuc My latinh va Caribe ve NTTS, vdi to'c dp tang trudng nhanh chdng, tit 172.000 tan nam 2000 len 639.000 tah nam 2011. NTTS nudc ngpt (ca rd phi, ca chep...) dat 545.300 tah, chie'm 87% san lupng thuy san nudi nam 2011. NTTS ven bieh chie'm 13% san Iuong, loai nudi chu yeu la torn chan trang, trai, hau...

Braxin dat myc tieu trd thanh mdt trong 10 nha san xua't thuy san Idn nhat the' gidi, chu yeu

l o n g san lUcrng thuy sdn Braxin (1980-2011)

' v-t^ .^ o^ '^^ v'^ .-? ,'P' y - -f**" .#'' .,** v*" ^ -{fp - i ^ ^ - # # ^(^ ^ s^*" .fP% San luang khai thac SSn lUang nudi tr6ngth6y sdn

I/so i7a/miMG2/i4

b3ng each phat trieh NTTS theo phuong phap b&i vung. Ke' hogch dua ra la nam 2015 se san xua't hon 1 tripu tah thuy san nuoi va co kha nang dgt 10 tripu tah nam 2020.

De dat dupc muc tieu nay, Chinh phu Braxin se cung ca'p ho trp ky thuat, vdh va cap giay phep hoat dpng. 0\i kirai se ho trp khoang 2.960 hieu USD cho ngudi nuoi va khai thac tiiuy san de hipn dgi hoa nganh. Ngoai ra, Bp Nghe ea va Nudi trdng thuy san Braxin eiing tap trung khai thae eae hd thuy dien Idn, hipn nudc nay cd khoang 250 ho thuy di?n CO the nudi thiiy san, trong dd ea rd phi se la loai nuoi chinh.

Xuat nhap khau thuy san Braxin la nudc NK thuy san

Idn nhS't d khu vyc My Latinh. Trong giai doan 2003-2011 NK thuy s ^ tang deu dgn hang nam. N5m 2011, gia tri NK thuy san dgt tdi 1,3 ty USD, tuy nhien, nam 2012, giam nhp cdn 1,2 ty

USD. Theo ITC, Chile, Trung Qudc, Nauy, Achenttna, Bo Dao Nha va Vipt Nam la nhung nha cung ca'p thuy san Idn nha't cho Braxin nam 2012, cac mat hang chinh la ca hoi tuoi va udp Ianh, ca minh thai dong lanh, ca tuye't, ca hake, ca sardine, ca tra,...

XK thuy san cua Braxin khong on dinh, tang tii 123 trieu USD nam 1998 Ien 427 trieu USD nam 2004, nhung lai giam xuo'ng cdn 212 trieu USD nam 2012, chu yeu do nhu cau tieu thu thuy san npi dia gia tang va dong npi te manh len so vdi ddng do la. My la thi trudng NK Idn nha't mat hang thuy san cua Braxin, tie'p theo la Tay Ban Nha va Phap.

Xu hu'O'ng tieu thu Theo bao cao thi trudng ciia Co

quan Xue tie'n Dau tu va Thuong mgi Vuong quoc Anh (UKTI), tang Idp trung luu tgi Braxin tang nhanh chong trong nhimg nam gan day. Nam 2012, cd tdi 53 % dan so cua nudc nay (khoang

XNK thuy san Braxin (1990-2012)

104 trieu ngudi) la thupc tang Idp trung luu, trong khi trudc do 10 nam, t&ig Idp nay chi co khoang 38 tri^u nguoi. Thu nhap cua ngudi dan ngay eang cao nen hp CO xu hudng tim tdi thyc pham CO lpi cho sue khoe nhu thiiy san. Nam 1996, miic tieu thy thiiy san trung binh theo dau ngudi la 7,62 kg/nam, deh nam 2011 da tang len 11,17 kg/nam, gan vdi miic tieu thu thuy san do To chuc Y te'The gidi khuyeh nghi (trung binh 12 kg/ngudi/nam). Ngudi dan vimg phia b^c CO miie tieu thu thuy san eao hon d eac khu vyc khac (ehiem 21% tdng tieu thy thyc pham). Theo FAO, ngudi dan khu vyc ven bien va luu vyc sdng Amazon co miic tieu thy ra't cao, len tdi 30kg/ngudi/nam. Braxin dang len ke'hoaeh nang miie tieu thy thiiy san binh quan hang nam len 12kg vao nam 2015.

Ngudi Braxin co xu hudng tim de'n cac quan an, nha hang, khaeh san... nhieu hon. O day, hp dupc ty do lya chpn mon an theo

JIULLLI ..^ , * ' >*" 4^" ^^ .^ .^ .^ 4^ - i ^ N-*^ -.*" - * ' V*' v-!^ N-**" .** -* ' S^ S^ -^ -^^ -^ f -f i

I XuJt khSu thuy sdn (theo ga trj) I Nhjp khJu thuy sjn (theo gia trj)

_ THI JHUdm THUY SAN

sd thich. Khoang 26% ngudi dan Braxin di an ngoai hang ngay (d My la 50%), trung binh chi tieu khoang 13% cho tieu dung thuy san d ben ngoai.

So' doanh nhan nudc ngoai de'n lam viec tai Braxin cung lam thay ddi khong nho thoi quen an udng tai day. Sd DN thuy san Nhat Ban hoat dpng d Braxin tang tdi 700% chi trong 10 nam qua. NhijTig quan bar, nha hang Nhat Ban mpc len ngay cang nhieu va trd nen phd bie'n khie'n miic tieu thy thiiy san (dac biet la ca hdi) tang nhanh... Them vao do, thoi quen tieu thy thuy san theo mua cua ngudi dan Braxin la do bl anh hudng bdi phong tuc cua nhiing ngudi theo dao Thien Chua Giao de'n song tai day. Ngudi Bo Dao Nha di cu sang Braxin cd tac dpng khong nho de'n lich sii va van hda cua nudc nay, theo truyen thdhg cua lip thi vao nhiJTig ngay le, hp khong an thit do ma thay the bang ca tuye't

Can noi them, ngudi tieu diing Braxin rat nhgy cam vdi ngudn goc xua't xii ciia thuc pham. Hp bi chi phoi vl cac van de ve moi trudng sinh thai khi quye't dinh mua san pham, do

San Itiong va mi.

Nam

2010

2005

2000

1996

Dan sn ngiroi)

c tieu thii thuy san trinh quan theo dau ngirdi

(tri^u

190,7

181.3

170,1

161,2

San li/ong {kg)

: 264 764 913

1.009.073 000

843-376.500

693 172 500

Tong lupng lieu thu (kg)

1 859 006 640

1.207.085.449

1 142.107.510

1.228.437.410

m Braxin

Tieu thu binh quan dau ngitcri (kgj/nam

9,75

6,66

6,71

7,62

Nguon: MPA/MDIC

do san pham dat tieu chuan chat lupng, VSATTP, xua't xu ro rang ... thudng dugc uu tien lya chpn.

Ca tra Viet Nam con nhieu cc hpi

Mac dil Braxin chua phai la thi trudng NK thdy san Idn cua Viet Nam so vdi cac thi trudng truyen thong nhu My, EU, Nhat Ban,... nhung day la thi trudng dn dinh va tang trudng lien tuc hang nam. Chi trong vdng 5 nam tu 2008 deh 2013, XKTS tu Vipt Nam sang Braxin da tang vpt tii 185 nghin USD Ien 123 trieu USD. Nam 2013, kim ngach XKTS sang thi trudng nay co miic tang trudng Ien tdi 55,1% so vdi nam 2012.

Trong CO ca'u san pham thiiy san XK sang Braxin, ca tra la mat hang chu lyc, chiem tdi 99%. Kim ngach XK ca tra sang Braxin nam 2013 dgt 121,8 h-ieu USD, tang 54% so vdi 2012.Vdi miic tang trudng nhu vgy, Braxin da nhanh chong trd thanh nha NK ca tra Idn thii tu cua Viet Nam, sau EU, My va cac nudc ASEAN, chie'm 6,9% thi phan.

Luong tieu thu ca tra a Braxin chi diing sau ca minh thai, ca tuye't hake va ca hoi. Theo ITC, nam 2012, ca phile ddng lanh ciia Viet Nam chiem 19,4% thi phan tgi Braxin, dung thu 3, sau Trung Qud'c (35,7%) va Achentina (23%). Ro rang day la thj trudng tiem nang cho ca tra Viet Nam.

Thi truOng NK ca tra nam 2013 (GT) Kim ngach XKTS tiTViet Nam sang Braxin (2008-2013) theo gia trj (Ddn vi:Trieu USD)

Ccilombii) 3.3"..

Mi3 -

100 -30 -dO -

20 0

/ / / / ^-^

___-^ 2 003 2 0 0 9 2010 2011 2D12 2013

Nhu'ng cung lam rui ro Tuy nhien, Braxin cikig la thi

trudng nhieu nii ro cho cac DN Vi?t Nam. Nam 2010, thmmg vy Vipt Nam tgi Braxin da eanh bao Chinh quy&i bang Santa Catarina (phia nam Braxin) va Hiep hdi Thuy san Santa Catarina... to ra khong hai long khi ca tra Viet Nam canh tranh gay gat ve gia vdl ca rd phi Braxin. Ben canh do, Uy ban Khai thac va Nudi trong Thuy san Qud'c gia Braxin, Lien doan nghe ea Braxin va cac hipp hpi thuy san d day ciing eho rang, viec NK ea tra da pha vd nganh san xua't trong nude va gay ton that cho cae cdng ty thuy san Braxin.

Gan day nha't, thdng tin tu Cyc Quan ly Cha't lupng Nong lam san va Thuy san - Nafiqad cho bie't, thii tuc eong nhan DN vao danh sach dupe phep XK thuy san vao Braxin kha phiic tap vdi 2 dieu kien: ngoai viec dap ling quy djnh dam bao ATTP cdn phai dang ky ghi nhan timg san pham vdi Co quan tham quyen Braxin. Tuy nhien trinh ty, thu tyc phe duy^t dang ky ghi nhan

Ni^m vui cua thu'cng nhn lai chqr thOy san thuoc thdnh ph6 Manaus - thu phCi bang Amazonas - Braxin

van ehua ro rang. Theo dgi dien Bo Ngoai giao

Viet Nam, cae DN can tha'y rSng, trong thdi ky hpi nhgp, xu hudng sii dung cac bipn phap bao hp san xua't trong nudc la rat ro net, chung ta bupc phai sd'ng chung vdi no, khong the tranh dupc va chi ed the tim each de hgn che eac nii ro. Vi vay, cac DN can gia tang chat lupng san pham va tranh viee canh tranh bang gia.

Ben canh dd, cung can su vao cudc manh me cua cac co

quan chuc nang cd lien quan de XTTM, quang ba hinh anh..., tim Igi su cong bang cho con ca tra Vipt Nam trudc nhiing rao can ky thuat ding nhu cac bin phap phong ve TM ciia eae thi trudng NK ca tra quan trpng tren the'gidi noi chung va thi trudng Braxin noi rieng, giiip eae DN dung viing va phat trien hon nu'a tai thi trudng day Hem nang nay.

Nguyen Thi Hong Ha

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