Brazil Carnival

組員：陳亞孜、何欣芸、力姵珊

Introduction• The Carnival of Brazil is an annual festival

held between the Friday afternoon (51 days before Easter ) and Ash Wednesday at noon, which marks the beginning of Lent , the forty-day period before Easter. Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become an event of huge proportions.The country stops completely for almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities.

History• 1600 For the first time, a playful popular

party is registered in Brazil, with the development of the Entrudo, imported from Portugal.

• 1641 D. João IV’s coronation to Portugal´s throne celebrated in Rio de Janeiro. The préstitos, a type of musical procession go to public streets. According to historians, this was considered the first carnival expression in Rio de Janeiro. Thus, many Carnaval scholars consider the year of 1641 the starting point for Brazilian Carnival.

• 1763 A festival celebrating the birth of D. José, (D. Maria’s first son), was performed, presenting floats (carros alegóricos) at the parade.

• 1790 Some considered this event the beginning of carnival due to its music and dance, but most of all, because of the period when it was organized.

• 1800 Religious processions grew in size and popularity and became regular festivals. The most representative ones, marched through Rio do Janeiro´s streets with carnival personas and performances.

• 1816 Ferdinand Denis, famous traveler, historian and French writer specialized in Brazil, writes a full Opera during carnival based on the Entrudo theme.

• 1834 First carnival masks are sold at Ouvidor Street shops.

• 1840 Singing and Jongo (African derived type of dance) start to be performed in Rio de Janeiro. In fancy carnival celebrations, the use of carnival costumes and masks substitute the rough Entrudo activity.

• Brazil carnival now has become a world-renowned carnival, but also set up a number of Samba schools.

• Reference Videos ： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7swiBWFFpg （ from 0 ： 00 to 2 ：00 ）

Style• Bahia style ： There are several major

differences between Carnival in the state of Bahia in Northeastern Brazil and Carnival in Rio de Janeiro . Bahia's carnival consists mostly of Trios Elétricos, but there are still Blocos Afros and Afoxês. Every year, about half a million tourists are attracted to Salvador.

• Pernambuco style ： Its main rhythms are the frevo and the maracatu . Galo da Madrugada is the biggest carnival parade in the world . It means "dawn's rooster" and parades, as the name suggests, in the morning only. Frevo is Pernambucan-style dance with African and acrobatic influences, as it is fast and electrifying, often using an open umbrella and frequent legs and arms movements.

• São Paulo style ： The carnival in São Paulo takes place in the Anhembi Sambadrome on the Friday and Saturday night of the week of Carnival, as opposed to Rio's Carnival, which is held on Sunday and Monday night. Various "samba schools" compete in a huge parade. The schools are responsible for choosing their own themes, which usually revolve around historical happenings or some sort of cultural or political movement.

• Minas Gerais style ： Carnival in Minas Gerais is often characterized by blocos carnavalescos with varying themes and costume styles, almost always accompanied by a brass and drums band. The citys have a large proportion of students, who during the year live in places called Repúblicas (a rented house maintained and ruled by themselves). During carnival, the students crowd the streets while playing loud and arguably disruptive music.

Reference ： 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_ Carnival#Bahia_style2.http://www.brazilcarnival.com.br/index. php?culture/festival-history-r-carnival- history-of-brazil

Producer ：陳亞孜 Searchers ：何欣

芸、 力姵珊

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