“broaden your potential” - the national graduate...

© 2016 The National Graduate School of Quality Management

THE NATIONAL GRADUATE SCHOOL OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT

“Broaden Your Potential”

The Advantages of Higher Education in Quality

Professor Jack Kovalcik

Program Chair, Master of Science

The National Graduate School of Quality Management

1

2


Contents

Introduction

Brief Evolution of Quality - Refresher

Typical Quality Career Tracks

Typical Quality Knowledge, Skill, and Attitudes

Industry Job examples (with experience and typical requirements)

Earnings Potential

Corporation's Investment in Higher Education - UTC Employee Scholar Program

Benefits of Master’s Degree

The National Graduate School of Quality Management – Master’s Degree

Wrap-up

2



Quality Evolution

3

4


Quality History Rekhmire Tomb — 1450 BC

From this finding, it is now known that measurement was

already understood

and considered important.

Key quality tenet:

“If one can not measure it; it can not

be improved”

Pyramids….Quality provides long lasting results and for

those who skillfully apply its tenets, they attract attention,

respect and admiration.

5


Quality — 1500 to 1790

Skilled Craftsmen

Apprenticeships to ensure the knowledge, skills and abilities that resulted in consistent high quality products were being passed from one generation to the next.

Maker-to-buyer contact

Reputation for quality provided

competitive advantage for the crafts

Craftsman skill is still highly valued today and brings premium pricing.

6


Modern Quality Evolution and Key Contributions

6

7


“Gurus” Shaped Quality Thinking

Modern Quality Management is shaped by the contributions of a number of “key influencers”

Their research, philosophies and tools are widely recognized as “standards” by quality

professionals within US and Internationally

Deming and Juran, in particular, inspired two countries to adopt revolutionary new management

approaches that made them competitive in the world market. First Japan, then the US.

They were the “apostles” of quality that tirelessly lectured and consulted. Their body of work

influences millions.

Institutions they established or helped shape like ASQ, Juran Institute, Baldrige continue to

develop the quality management body of knowledge.

They have influenced our society on large scale.

8


Frederick W. Taylor: The Father of Industrial Engineering and Scientific Management (1865-1915)

1. Develop scientific methods for doing work.

2. Establish goals for productivity.

3. Establish systems and rewards for meeting

the goals.

4. Train the personnel on how to use the methods

and thereby, meet the goals.

Drawbacks: Employee Morale

F. W. Taylor,

Scientific Management

1911

9


Walter A. Shewhart: Father of Statistical Quality Control (1891–1967)

“Dr. Shewhart prepared a little memorandum only about a page in length (May 1924). About a

third of that page was given over to a simple diagram which we would all recognize today as a

schematic control chart.”

10


Plan-Do-Check-Act: Another Shewhart Quality Contribution

Plan 1. Identify targets (objectives and goals) 2. Identify methods/procedures to achieve those targets 3. Identify control items and methods

Do 4. Communicate and train associates 5. Implement the Plan (2 and 3) on Small Scale

Check 6. Check progress of Plan against targets and goals 7. Identify any problems

Act 8. Resolve/eliminate problems 9. Correct/modify plan 10. Standardize the improvement

4 Step Improvement Process

11


Quality Introduced to Japan 1947

W. Edwards Deming lectures - 1947

Benchmarking US organizations - 1948

Joseph M. Juran lectures - 1951

12


W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993) Worked with Shewhart on the Hawthorne Project

Trained American industrialists during WWII (SPC)

Presented to JUSE – Japan’s Quality Organization

Significant influencer to rebuild Japan Manufacturing 1947

1980 NBC Special If Japan Can, Why Can’t We? (Interest in Quality went viral)

Deming’s Concepts – System of Profound Knowledge

– Prevention by Process Management

– Chain Reaction for Quality Improvement

– Common Cause and Special Variation

– 14 Points

– Deadly Diseases

– Profound influence on Ford, Department of Navy

– Considered one of most influential management

contributor of all time.

13


Deming Paradigm Shift

Improve

Quality Costs Decrease Productivity Improves

Capture The

Market Stay In Business

Provide Jobs And

More Jobs

14


Joseph Moses Juran (1904 - 2008)

Published “The Quality Control Handbook” in 1951

Developed the field of Quality Management (dozens of books/articles)

Instrumental in recovery of Japan post World War II

Concept of The Quality Trilogy (Quality Planning, Control and Improvement)

Expanded the use of the Pareto Principle

Key concepts like Cost of Poor Quality/Cross-functional Processes

Assisted with the creation of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award

Consultant to largest firms US, internationally

15


Dr. Feigenbaum Total Quality Control (TQC)

Total Quality Control Book 1951

Applied quality principles to the total production process (Womb to Tomb)

Dr. Feigenbaum (1922-2014). ASQ has

created a prestigious medal in his honor that

is awarded annually at the World Quality

Conference.

16


Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa -The Father of Quality Circles and

Taiichi Ohno - Father of the Toyota Production System

Ishikawa: “The results of company-wide activities are remarkable, not only in ensuring the quality

of industrial products, but also in their contribution to the company’s overall business.”

• Company-wide quality based upon

the concepts of Feigenbaum.

• Ishikawa (Cause and Effect Diagram)

(1915–1989) (1912-1990)

• Father of the TPS (which later became)

• Lean Manufacturing in the US

• Devised the seven wastes (or muda in Japanese)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muda_(Japanese_term)

17


Philip B. Crosby -- Father of Zero Defects (1926 – 2001)

The definition of quality is conformance to requirements (requirements meaning both the product

and the customer's requirements)

The system of quality is prevention

The performance standard is zero defects (relative to requirements)

The measurement of quality is the price of conformance

In Phil Crosby’s early days, he took much criticism

regarding zero defects. Today his vision is to be

admired as Six Sigma and Lean (Lean Six Sigma)

have enabled companies to approach this

seemingly impossible objective.

18


Robert Kaplan and David Norton — Fathers of Balanced Scorecard — 1991

Revolutionized Performance Management Thinking

Financial measurements are inadequate

Long and short term

Linked to Strategic Goals

Four perspectives:

– Learning and growth(Employee)

– Business process(Operational)

– Customer (Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction)

– Financial(Use of Resources)

Kaplan

Norton

BSC has evolved to

include Strategic Planning

Processes in its

application



Quality Career Tracks

Individual Contributor and Management

19

20


Individual Contributor and Management

Individual Contributor

– Quality Inspector

– Quality Auditor

– Associate Quality Engineer

– Quality Engineer

– Sr. Quality Engineer

– Principle Quality Engineer

– Consulting Engineer

– Fellow

Quality Management

– Quality Group Leader

– Quality Supervisor

– Quality Manager

– Sr. Quality Manager

– Director, Quality

– Director, Corporate Quality

– VP Quality

20

21


Quality - Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes

Individual Contributor

– Technical Tools

Seven Basic Tools – Flow Charts, Ishikawa Diagrams, Cause and Effect,

Checklists, Pareto Charts, Histograms, Scatter Diagrams,

Control Charts

Certified Quality Engineer (limited list)

– Basic Tools (+)

– Lean tools: 5S, Value-stream mapping, Takt

– Reliability - MTTF, MTBF, MTTR

– SPC, Process Capability and Control (CP, Cpk, etc.)

– DOE- ANOVA, Taguchi, Regression Analysis

Green Belt Tools

Black Belt Tools

Master Black Belt Tools

Lean Tools – 5S, Value-stream mapping, Takt

Quality Management

– Managerial Tools

Management and Planning Tools – Affinity Diagram, Matrix Diagram, Radar Chart, Relations

Diagram, Tree Diagram, Process Decision Program Chart

(Contingency Tree), Activity Network Diagram (PERT, CPM)

Leadership

– Project Identification and Management

Team Dynamics’ Phases

Certified Manager of

Quality/Organizational Excellence

21



Industry Jobs

Sample Qualifications

22

23


Job Qualifications (Example 1)

Ethicon Global Biologics - Director Worldwide Supplier Quality Management

Qualifications and Experience:

A Master’s Degree in Quality Management, Engineering or related field is required.

A minimum of 10 years experience in a medical device, pharmaceutical or similar regulated

industry is required with a minimum of 3 of those years in a Quality Leadership role.

The candidate must have broad based technical knowledge and skills in diverse areas of

business such as Quality Engineering, Quality Assurance, Quality Systems, Pre production

Quality as well as good working knowledge of related functions such as operations, supplier

management and product development.

Experience in auditing to both FDA QSR and ISO 9000 standards is required.

Excellent communication and interpersonal skills are required.

Retrieved from: https://jobs.jnj.com/jobs/00001859/Director+Worldwide+Supplier+Quality+Management

23

24


Job Qualifications (Example 2)

ACE / CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT LEAD - UTC Aerospace Systems

Qualifications

Has a strong understanding of ACE/Lean principles.

Experience applying fundamental lean tools to achieve tangible results. Preferred experience with ACE Operating system.

Lean leadership/management/coaching experience is a must, Six Sigma experience and training preferred.

Capable of influencing and getting cooperation and action from others.

Ability to effectively communicate (verbal and written), work and relate with people at all levels of the organization and be self-sufficient.

Ability to handle nebulous situations, with minimal guidance, effectively.

Effective team player, good coaching skills and can develop other co-workers.

Ability to encourage and motivate others to be successful.

Excellent knowledge of MS office computer software including MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook. Able to use Minitab or other statistical software.

Ability to multi-task, organize and prioritize

Good analytical and problem-solving skills.

Strong teamwork and leadership abilities.

Education

BA/BS degree w/6–10+ years experience

MA/MS degree w/4–7+ years experience

PhD degree w/2–4+ years experience

Retrieved from: https://jobs.utcaerospacesystems.com/job/windsor-locks/ace-continuous-improvement-lead/1738/2975027

24



Earnings Potential

Impact of Certifications and Advanced Education

25

26


Salary Impact of ASQ Certifications

Benefits of Certifications

Certifications reap a greater salary premium

Note the salary premium (~20%) of a Quality

Engineer with a certification as a Manager Of

quality / organizational excellence

Certifications benefit the most, if applied in the

industry where you work.

26

Reference: Hansen, M. C. (2016). Follow The Signs - Choosing the right path to career success. Quality Progress, Page 17. Retrieved from

http://rube.asq.org/quality-progress/2016/12/full-issue.pdf






27


ASQ Survey – Education Premiums

Value of Higher Education

Higher educational degrees lead to higher

salaries

Master’s degree benefited most in the 36-55

age group, as shown.

27

Reference: Hansen, M. C. (2016). Follow The Signs - Choosing the right path to career success. Quality Progress, Page 17. Retrieved from


28


Other Factors Affecting Job and Salary Growth

Certifications and Higher Education alone do not guarantee growth

Relevant work experience that fits a job specification

Size of organizations

– Progressive levels of job positions

“Fit” within the culture of an organization

Communications ability

Leadership skills

28



United Technologies Corporation

UTC Employee Scholar Program

29

30


UTC Employee Scholar Program (UTC Website)

We support and pursue lifelong learning to expand our knowledge and capabilities and to

engage with the world outside UTC.

We want to have the best-educated workforce on the planet. The Employee Scholar

Program is one of the most comprehensive company-sponsored employee education programs

in the world. The program provides employees the resources to stay current in their chosen field

or enable new career opportunities and includes the following benefits:

UTC has invested more than $1.2 billion to further our employees' formal education. Since

1996, more than 38,000 degrees have been earned by employees in more than 60 countries.

Currently there are nearly 7,000 employees enrolled in ESP.

#DegreesofInnovation https://www.youtube.com/user/UTCNews

Retrieved from: http://www.utc.com/Careers/Work-With-Us/Pages/Employee-Scholar-Program.aspx

30

https://www.youtube.com/user/UTCNews



Benefits of a Master’s Degree

31

32


Top 5 Benefits of a Master’s Degree*

1. More in-depth knowledge that you can apply to your current field or expand

your skills.

2. “Opens More Doors”… where positions require an advanced degree is a

minimum requirement.

3. Higher Salary – estimates indicate 30% more than employees without one

4. Networking Opportunities – with industry and professional colleagues

5. Keeps you Competitive – learning never stops

*Top 5 Benefits of a Master’s Degree, February 22, 2016/ in Academic Advice, Blog, MBA / by University of the Potomac. Retrieved from

https://potomac.edu/top-5-benefits-of-a-masters-degree/

32














33


Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment 2015

33

Retrieved from: https://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm



The National Graduate School of Quality Management

Master’s Degree

34

NGS MS Advanced Degree - SIPOC Diagram

Suppliers

• Students • Quality

Professionals

Inputs

• Curriculum • BS • MS

Process Outputs

• Knowledge • Skills • Attitudes • Competency • Accredited

Degree

Customers

• Industry • Organizations • Education • Students

Requirements

Meet Enrollment Requirements

Introduction to NGS “Best Practices”

DMAIC Methodology

Project Management

Team Dynamics

- 12 Courses - One Year

- On line

- Team MBP

Complete 12 Courses and

Master’s Business Team Project

(MBP) with ROI

36


36

NGS Overview

& Philosophy

37


NGS Philosophy

37

Success You Can

Measure

Performance Measures that count for you,

your Sponsor, your company, your branch of

the service, your next position…..

Tangible

Examples: Reductions in Defects, Muda-waste,

Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) using industry-

specific measures, e.g. Health Services –

Emergency Room wait time.

Measurable Baseline measures compared to improvement

results.

Financial ROI: How much money has been saved?

38


The NGS Learning Model

38

1. Balance theory and practice.

2. Combination of Learner-instructor interaction, learner-content and the

importance of learner-learner interaction in distance education.

3. Study project teams.

4. Complete a tangible and quantifiable Master’s Business Project

(MBP).

5. Achieve a measurable improvement.

6. Respect diversity of people and ideas.

7. Be curious, innovative and practical.

8. Share real-life experiences in confidence.

9. Opportunity to Network with peers.

39


Master’s Business Project (MBP)

Complete a "real world“, tangible and quantifiable Master’s Business

Project (MBP) which is unique to the typical Master’s Degree Program.

The work-related project is termed “Master’s Business Project” (MBP).

During the EDU 501 NGS Best Practices course:

– Students will learn about the process of selecting a MBP.

– Students will have the opportunity to become acquainted with fellow classmates.

– Student teams will be formed and collaborate to deliver team and final assignments.

Faculty will work with students to form teams* based upon information

they provide, including their brief biography, location, industry or

organization and level of experience with basic quality tools or more

advanced tools included in Six Sigma or Lean applications.

* Teams formed in the first course may continue on to their MBP or can be changed, if needed.

39

40


Master’s Business Project (MBP) - cont’d

Components of the curriculum are tailored toward the MBP to ensure

project effectiveness and student comprehension.

Specific advantages of MBP include:

– Providing value to the students, the parent organizations, and interaction with

leadership.

– Improving the students' leadership, project management, communication, and

analytical skills.

– Students will see multiple projects from start to finish, thus increasing project

experience.

NGS has an extensive database of projects that students have access

to:

– Projects completed in Military Services and Industry (US Army, Coast Guard, Air

Force, Boeing, United Technologies, etc.).

The Project data base (“Tracker”) includes collective ROI of past

projects.

40

41


Sample Masters Business Projects

Team Jets

– Overview: Advanced Product Quality Plan (APQP) - The Integrated Product Development Team is not incorporating

Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) during the correct phase of the Product Development Process(PDP).

The result of not incorporating APQP properly has resulted in manufacturability issues, low Roll Throughput Yield

(RTY) values and high DPPM. Due to the low RTY values (less than 95%), and High DPPM programs are having to

do redesigns which requires them to apply for additional financing to fund the support the APQP activities.

– ROI: $371,000

Team Spartan

– Overview: USCG Urinalysis Program - The Coast Guard Urinalysis Drug Testing program does not test all CG

personnel, updates to the program are not effectively communicated, and the administrative discrepancy rate is 24%

due to processing errors at the unit level; therefore our team will seek to institute policies and processes to account

for ALL active duty personnel, streamline communications, and reduce the administrative discrepancy rate to less

than 10% over the next 8 months.

– ROI: $1,408,372

41

42


Student Needs Met by NGS

42

Student Need NGS Programs

1. Complete degree while

continuing to work and

conducting personal lives

1. Convenient Schedule

2. Accelerated Program 2. Yes: 1 year

3. On-line Convenience 3. Yes: Asynchronous - Synchronous

4. Faculty Instruction Content

Sessions

4. Weekly for 1.5 hours as webinar

(attendance highly suggested; session is

recorded and archived); followed by

asynchronous work performed in the NGS

Portal

5. Practical Result 5. Actual Team Project-NOT an abstract

thesis portfolio of work

43


Online Convenience – Synchronous and Asynchronous

NGS meets students’ needs by offering the online courses that can be

accomplished synchronously or asynchronously.

Student commitments required:

– Attend weekly knowledge-based Webinars (Synchronously)

– Complete course Individual Assignments

– Complete discussion questions assigned by Faculty for course Participation Grade

– Complete Team Assignments (once you have been assigned to a Team)

Or

– Review the weekly class Webinar Recording and complete Individual Assignments,

Discussion Questions and Team Assignment (Asynchronously)

43

44 09062016 © 2016 The National Graduate School of Quality Management

Masters Degree Program– 2017 Course Sequence

44

EDU

501

QSM

581

QSM

548

QSM

570

Project

Management

Quality

Management &

DMAIC

Introduction

Performance

Management

Strategic

Planning

QSM

550

MBPI

Project

Identification

EDU

638 MS Project

Development

MBP ll Project

Development

QSM 639

Supply Chain

Management

Financial

Systems

QSM

558 Benchmarking

DEFINE

MEASURE

ANALYZE

IMPROVE

CONTROL

Orientation

QSM

572

QSM 543 Business Process

Analysis

QSM 566

MBP lll Project

Completion

QSM 562

45


Project, Team, LSS and Curriculum Phases Relationship Overlay

LSS Phases

Initiate Plan Execute MonitorControl

Closure

Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Results

MBP 1 MBP 2 MBP 3

•EDU 501 Introduction •MBP I Mentoring •Project Management •Performance Based Management •Strategic Planning

•MBP Development 1 •Benchmarking •Business Process Analysis •MBP ll & Mentoring

Forming/ Storming

•Financial Systems & Lean Accounting • Supply Chain Management •MBP III Mentoring

Norming/ Performing

Adjourn

Courses Courses Courses

46


Why Do The History Lesson on the Evolution of Quality?

Quality is an evolutionary discipline.

– There is no reason to think that this evolution will end.

– Concepts evolve as they are tested in the real world

A Master in Quality Systems Management

– Needs to provide proficiency in the foundational quality concepts and tools

– Needs to be able to select and apply quality tools appropriately to each situation

– Needs to explain with confidence and provide examples to inspire others to adapt quality

approaches

The same is true for you and quality.

All the quality professionals and Guru’s you have just been introduced to first studied and

learned quality – then through application evolved their understanding of quality until eventually

contributing to today’s quality body of knowledge.

47 09062016 © 2016 The National Graduate School of Quality Management

Wrap Up Comments

A couple of quotes regarding education…

– “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela

– “When planning for a year, plant corn. When planning for a decade, plant trees. When planning for life, train and

educate people.” – Chinese Proverb

A Master’s Degree or higher terminal degree

– May qualify you to pursue teaching positions in institutions of higher learning and enable you to “mentor” and share

your experience with those that will follow you in the quality profession

Therefore ….

“Broaden Your Potential” by Considering Higher Education in Quality

Shaw, J. (2013, April 22) Useful Quotes for Training and Education, Part ll [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/blogs/training-and-development/2013/04

47

http://managementhelp.org/blogs/training-and-development/2013/04





49


UTC Employee Scholar Program (Retrieved from UTC Website)

We support and pursue lifelong learning to expand our knowledge and capabilities and to engage with the world outside

UTC.

We want to have the best-educated workforce on the planet. The Employee Scholar Program is one of the most

comprehensive company-sponsored employee education programs in the world. The program provides employees the

resources to stay current in their chosen field or enable new career opportunities and includes the following benefits:

UTC pays for tuition, academic fees and books at approved educational institutions.

The program is available to our global workforce.

Employees can obtain a degree in any field, whether or not it is related to their job.

Partner universities deliver programs at our locations to provide work-life flexibility.

Payments are made directly to the educational institution to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Eligible employees can receive up to three hours of paid time off to study per week.

UTC has invested more than $1.2 billion to further our employees' formal education. Since 1996, more than 38,000

degrees have been earned by employees in more than 60 countries. However, ESP is more than just a story based on

numbers. It is about the investment that UTC makes in its people as a way of attracting and retaining a motivated and

engaged workforce. Global full-time and part-time UTC employees are eligible for the program after one year of continuous

service. Currently there are nearly 7,000 employees enrolled in ESP.

Retrieved from: http://www.utc.com/Careers/Work-With-Us/Pages/Employee-Scholar-Program.aspx

49

http://www.utc.com/Careers/Work-With-Us/Pages/Employee-Scholar-Program.aspx









50


Dr. Steve Myers – NGS FACULTY

Reflection on job opportunity

Current Education

– NGS MS Degree

– NGS DBA Degree

Education helped get an interview with a company in a completely different industry as an

individual contributor

Past employment position - Quality Manager in small company

Hired as a Quality Engineer in large company for higher salary

– Individual contributor role where Principle QE is next career advancement step

Currently, Adjunct NGS Faculty Member teaching in the BS, MS and DBA programs

50

“broaden your potential” - the national graduate...

Documents