budidaya laut_zero water discharge_aquaculture
DESCRIPTION
Presentation :Metoda Akuakultur dengan sistem Zero Water DischargeMatakuliah Budidaya LautTRANSCRIPT
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Tugas Presentasi
Matakuliah (OS3009)
Budidaya Laut
Teguh Rachmanto (10609051)
Vania Anindita Pekerti (10609067)
Satya Reza Faturakhmat (10610033)
Dimas Affan Putra Sokowati (12910010)
Gries Elvina Noor (12910011)
Astrini Nurul Sentanu (12910016)
Metode Akuakultur :
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Outline
• Konsep ZWD
• Kekurangan Kelebihan
• Faktor Berpengaruh
• Aplikasi
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ZERO WATER DISCHARGE ?
• Alternatif dari budidaya kolam
konvensional
• Akuakultur dengan sistem sirkulasi
tertutup
– Air efisien
– Limbah minim
• Air didalam sistem disaring dari
polutan secara teratur
• Ekosistem untuk proses biologi &
kimia : kolam
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Kenapa ZWD ?
Peraturan
Lingkungan
Konflik Daerah
Pesisir
Sumber Air
Kebutuhan
Ikan Segar Overfishing
Pembuangan
limbah
Kontrol
kualitas air
polusi
Minimal
carbon
footprint
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Konsep ZWD
1. CaCO3 dasar tangki
2. Penambahan bakteri
nitrifikasi
3. Penambahan mikroalgae
C. garcilis
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Kualitas Air (1)
Reduksi total Penggunaan air –
Arroyo Aquaculture Association
Farm, Texas
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Kualitas Air (2)
Sumber : Hasby, Fahri Azhari. 2012. “Struktur Komunitas Bakterioplankton Dalam Teknologi Kultur Zero-
Water Discharge Untuk Pembesaran Udang Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)”. Skripsi SarjanaProgram
Studi Biologi Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Kualitas air dijaga masih diambang batas
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PROFILTABLE
FARMING
FARM
HIGHER
PRICED
FISH
FAST
GROWING
FISH
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Spesies - ZWD
• Anguilla Anguilla
• Catfish
• Pike Perch
• Sea Bass
• Seiola
• Trout
• Turbot
• Anguilla Japonica
• Cobia
• Salmon
• Tilapia
• Sturgeon
• White Fish
• Sea Bream
• prawn
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Penggunaan ZWD Salmon - Chile
Trout - Rusia
Tilapia - Israel
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Keuntungan
Keuntungan
• Efisiensi air
– 50-300 L/kg produksi ikan
– Tradisional >100L/kg
• Efisiensi ruang
• Memenuhi kebutuhkan
produksi ikan
• Mengurangi limbah yang
dibuang kelingkungan
• Bio-Secure
• Kualitas air dapat
dikontrol
• Grow fish anywhere
• Premium fish
– No anitbiotics
– No mercury
– No lead
• Maximum freshness
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Kekurangan
• Penggunaan komersil dapat
menaikkan harga tanah
• Biaya instalasi (modal awal)
mahal untuk skala industri
• Membutuhkan pekerja ahli
• Suplai energi kontinu untuk
re-sirkulasi air
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Faktor Berpengaruh (1)
1. Kualitas Air
• Fisik
– Suhu
– Warna
– Bau
– Kekeruhan
– Kecerahan
– Solid tersuspensi
• Kimia
– pH
– DO (Dissolve Oxygen)
– BDO (Biochemical Oxygen
Demand)
– Alkalinitas
– Salinitas
– TDS
– Amonia
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Faktor Berpengaruh (2)
1. Kualitas Air
• Biologis
– Kualitas & kelimpahan
plankton
• Mikrobiologis
– Spesies & jumlah parasit
• Suplai energi
– Untuk sirkulasi sistem
• Kondisi lingkungan
– Cuaca & suhu
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#1 Objek ZWD : Udang Putih
Karakteristik
(Litopenaeus vannamei)
Putih kekuningan, bintik
hijau / kuning / merah
• Udang Peci
• Udang Bambu
• Udang Banana
Udang putih
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Komponen Utama
ZWD 1. Tangki Kultur
2. Aeration Line
3. Substrat CaCo3
4. Bioflok
5. Probiotik 6. Rotifera
(1) Tempat budidaya
(2) Sumber Oksigen
(3) Buffer pH dan substrat bakteri nitrifikasi
(4) Agregat mikroalga Chaetoceros gracilis dan
bakteri nitrifikasi : penjaga kualitas air &
substitusi pakan
(5) Bakteri Halomonas aquamarina : penekan
pertumbuhan Vibrio sp
(6) Brachinus plicatilis : pakan alami basis
zooplankton
Udang putih
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Kondisi yang Dipertahankan
• Periode Kultur : 56 Hari
• Salintias 28 ppt
• Suhu 27 oC
• Kepadatan udang PL-13
– 25 ekor / 5 L air laut
– Berat awal : 0,00393 ± 0,0005
gram/ekor
– Panjang awal : (0,68 ± 0,15)
cm/ekor
• Pakan alami
– Brachinous plicatilis
– 2 ind/ml/hari
Udang putih
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Perolehan Hasil
• Menekan rasio
konversi pakan
(FCR), 1.53 , dengan
kesintasan tertinggi
64%
• Biomassa total
tertinggi 19.19 gram
• Parameter KAL
– pH 7.33 – 8.2
– Amonia 0.0 – 9.79 mg/L
– Nitrit 0.12 – 3.49 mg/L
– Nitrat 7.30 - 41.16 mg/L
• Penggunaan bakteri
alami meningkatkan
KAL dan efisiensi
budidaya udang putih
Udang putih
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#2 Objek ZWD : Udang Galah
• Macrobrachium
rosenbergii de Man
• Panjang max. 30 cm
• Warna hijau kebiruan,
hijau kecoklatan, kuning
kecoklatan dan berbercak
• Hidup di hilir sungai
Udang galah
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Komponen Utama
ZWD (1) Kolam
(2) Bakteri nitrifikasi sehingga proses
nitrifikasi dapat berlangsung
(3) Partisi polimer untuk sekat
Udang galah
1. Kolam Kultur
2. Biofilter
3. partisi
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Kondisi yang Dipertahankan
• Periode Kultur : 60 Hari
• Kepadatan udang
– 10 ekor /m2 (optimal)
– Berat awal : 3,25 (± 0,08)
gram/ekor
– Panjang awal : 7,15 (± 0,06)
cm/ekor
• Pakan : 5% dari berat tubuh
Udang galah
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Perolehan Hasil
• Penambahan
– Berat : 1,24 ± 0,1 g
– SGR : 0,624%/hari
– FCR : 1,004
– Kesintasan : 100%
• Total bakteri stabil
pada 105 CFU/mL
• Partisi 40 individu /m2
– Berat : 160,12 ± 0,48 g
– SGR : 0,624%/hari
– FCR : 1,004
– Kesintasan : 100%
Udang galah
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APLIKASI
ZWD
ZAFIRA
• Proyek di Asia
• Modifikasi sitem re-sirkulasi Eropa
dan zero nutrient dari China
(1)Konversi pakan
(2)Pemisahan kotoran
padat & terlarut
(3)Konversi kotoran
terlarut
(4) -(5) konversi kotoran
padat
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ZAFIRA APLIKASI
ZWD
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SKEMA ZWD (1)
(1) Fermentasi
Konversi sampah organik kompleks – low molecular weight organic compound
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SKEMA ZWD (1)
(2) nitrifikasi
Konversi amonia menjadi nitrat
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SKEMA ZWD (1)
(3) denitrifikasi
Konversi nitrat menjadi gas nitrogen
Konversi low molecular weight organic compound menjadi karbon dioksida
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Kesimpulan
• ZWD dapat menjadi solusi pengurangan
limbah dan penggunaan air namun tetap
dapat meningkatkan produksi hasil budidaya
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Daftar Pustaka
• Davidson, J. & S.T. Summerfelt. 2005. Solids removal from a coldwater recirculating system—comparison of a swirl
separator and a radial-flow settler. Aquaculture Engineering 33(1) : 47 – 61
• Feldman, K.S., Maers, K.M., Vernese, L.F., Huber, E.A. & M.R. Test. 2009. Feature Article: The Development of a Method
for the Quantitative Evaluation of Protein Skimmer Performance. Advanced Aquarist 7
• C.I.M. Martinsa, E.H. Edinga, M.C.J. Verdegema, L.T.N. Heinsbroeka, O. Schneiderc, J.P. Blanchetond, E. Roque
d’Orbcasteld dan J.A.J. Verretha. 2010. "New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe: A perspective on
environmental sustainability". Aquacultural Engineering. vol 43 (3). hal 83-93.
• Tisdell, Clem. 2005. The Environment and the Selection of Aquaculture Species and Systems: An Economic Analysis.
Working Papers on Economics, Ecology and The Environment - The University of Queensland [online].
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:84537/WP132.pdf. diakses 26 September 2013.
• White, Kathryn., Brendan O'Neill dan Zdravka Tzankova. 2004. "At a Crossroads: Will Aquaculture Fulfill the Promise of the
Blue Revolution?". SeaWeb Aquaculture Clearinghouse report [online].
http://www.seaweb.org/resources/documents/reports_crossroads.pdf. diakses 26 September 2013.
• ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/coastdev/article/download/947/809
• http://www.imbc.gr/biblio_serv/aquachallenge/verreth.html
• www.sith.itb.ac.id/abstract/s1-2011/Astri_Elia_S1.pdf
• http://www.hesy.com/company/hesy-presentation/ diakses 18 November 2013
• http://growfishanywhere.com/technology/technology.aspx diakses 18 November 2013
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TERIMA
KASIH !