bueno mcneil towards

Upload: katherine-alvear-parra

Post on 04-Jun-2018

222 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    1/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-3453257 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    ;[email protected] +1 B?-0

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    2/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +

    E$#F!GBH% >$%GE"

    ,-.$ /)01.%(2.34 .$ %3/5'.6-2 7%322.$- 8942'9 :3' 8'.;9 < =)$2.%9 >9$9('%-#?9';.$$.34 .$ 6'(429@ 23 '9/'3@)%9 (45 /('2 3' (11 3: 2-.$ '9/3'2 :3' /9'$34(1 (4@9@)%(2.34(1 )$9 3415# 83;;9'%.(1 %3/5.46A -.'.46 3' [email protected] .$ /'3-.0.29@# B45;(29'.(1 )$9@ ;)$2 09 :)115 (%*43"19@69@A (4@ 2-9 2.219 3: 2-9 /)01.%(2.34A ()2-3'$

    (4@ @(29 3: /)01.%(2.34 $/9%.:.9@#

    83/5'.6-2 C 7%322.$- 8942'9 :3' 8'.;9 < =)$2.%9 >9$9('%- +DDE

    ISBN: 978-0-9563526-0-6

    IEJ>$KL"MB"=">%8F (; 6'(29:)1 23 G.11 H-529 3: 2-9 I4.J9'$.25 3: [email protected])'6- (4@ L('* 83443115 3:7%322.$- M3J9'4;942 =)$2.%9 B4(152.%(1 79'J.%9$ :3' 2-9.' ($$.$2(4%9 .4 %3;/.1.46 2-9$3)'%9 @3%);942 34 "-.%- 2-.$ '9/3'2 .$ 0($9@A (4@ 23 2-9 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942 :3'/'[email protected] 2-9 '9$3)'%9$ 2-(2 :(%.1.2(29@ .2$ /'9/('(2.34# F (1$3 "(42 23 2-(4* >30.4N.'$%-0(); :3' -9' ($$.$2(4%9 .4 %3;/.1.46 '9:9'94%9$A [email protected] (4@ /'33:O'9(@.46 2-9'9/3'2A (4@ 81(.'9 P.6-23"19' :3' -9' -91/ .4 :3';(22.46 (4@ /'9/('.46 .2 :3' "90/)01.%(2.34#

    ,-9 3/.4.34$ 9Q/'9$$9@ .4 2-.$ '9/3'2 ('9 2-9 ()2-3'R$ (1349 S 9Q%9/2 "-9'932-9'".$9 '9:9'94%9@ S (4@ @3 432 49%9$$('.15 '9/'9$942 2-9 J.9"$ 3: ;5 %3O()2-3'$.4 2-9 $3)'%9 @3%);942A 3' 3: 2-9 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    3/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* T

    ;$!"K$!M

    ,3"('@$ K::9%2.J9 ?'(%2.%9 .4 U::94@9' 7)/9'J.$.34 V,K?.U7W '9/'9$942$ (4 .;/3'2(42%3429;/3'('5 '9$9('%- /9'$/9%2.J9 34 2-9 %3429Q2 3: 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 .47%321(4@# ,-9 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942 $)//3'2$ 2-9 /)01.%(2.34 3: ,K?.U7A ($ /('2 3: ('(469 3: /31.%5 .4.2.(2.J9$ "-.%- ('9 .4294@9@ 23 .4:3'; 2-9 @9J913/;942 3: 2-9?9':3';(4%9 F;/'3J9;942 72'(2965 :3' %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'* $9'J.%9$#

    H9 ('9A ".2- 3)' $2(*9-31@9'$A .4 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: '9J.$.46 X(2.34(1 U0&9%2.J9$ (4@72(4@('@$ :3' 73%.(1 H3'* 79'J.%9$ .4 2-9 8'.;.4(1 =)$2.%9 75$29;# ,-.$ 2.;915 '9J.9"3: ;3@91$ 3: '9-(0.1.2(2.34 .4 2-9 7%322.$- %3429Q2 ".11 $2.;)1(29 :)'2-9' @90(29(03)2 2-9 9Q/9%2(2.34$ )4@9'/.44.46 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 ".2-.4 2-9 %3;;)4.25#

    ,-9 ,K?.U7 (//'3(%- 3::9'$ (4 3//3'2)4.25 23 '9J.9" 2-9 /9':3';(4%9 .;/'3J9;942$2'(2965 (4@ .2$ ;(45 (%-.9J9;942$ 34 '.$* ($$9$$;942A (%%'[email protected](2.34 (4@ 2'(.4.46#H9 133* :3'"('@ 23 2-9 /1(449@ %34$)12(2.34 34 -3" 2-.$ /9'$/9%2.J9 .4:3';$ 2-9:)2)'9 /31.%5 (4@ /'(%2.%9 @.'9%2.34 :3' %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'* $9'J.%9$ (4@".2-.4 2-9 %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $5$29; ;3'9 ".@915#

    ,-9 "3'* 23 /'3@)%9 2-.$ /(/9' "($ )4@9'2(*94 ($ /('2 3: ( :3)' 59(' %311(03'(2.34(6'99;942 092"994 2-9 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942 (4@ 2-9 7%322.$- 8942'9 :3' 8'.;9 (4@=)$2.%9 >9$9('%-# ,-9 (6'99;942 :(%.1.2(29$ (4 94-(4%9@ %342'.0)2.34 3: $3%.(1$%.942.:.% (%(@9;.% *43"19@69A 9Q/9'.94%9 (4@ 9Q/9'2.$9 23 /31.%5A '9$9('%- (4@(4(15$.$ .4 2-9 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942#

    H.1;( Y.%*$34

    Y9/)25 Y.'9%23'83;;)4.25 =)$2.%9 79'J.%9$ Y.J.$.34

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    4/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* Z

    "N"E@%GO" 8@==I!F

    [#[ ,-.$ /(/9' /'3J.@9$ (4 3J9'J.9" 3: 9J.@94%9 (4@ ('6);942 (03)2'93::[email protected] (4@ (03)2 2-9 *.4@$ 3: /'(%2.%9$ 3: 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 .4 2-9%3;;)4.25 2-(2 ;.6-2 09 ;3$2 9::9%2.J9 .4 '9@)%.46 .2# B$ $)%-A .2$ '9;.2 .$$3;9"-(2 0'3(@9' 2-(4 $2)@.9$ (4@ '9J.9"$ "-.%- :3%)$ ;3'9 $/9%.:.%(115 34 2-99::9%2.J949$$ 3: '9-(0.1.2(2.J9 /'36'(;;9$# \9'9A 2-9 %34%9'4 .$ 19$$ ".2- 2-9 ;9'.2$3: /('2.%)1(' /'36'(;;9$ 3' .429'J942.34$ (4@ ;3'9 ".2- 2-9 0'3(@9' /'(%2.%9$ (4@/'3%9$$9$ 3: $)/9'J.$.34 .4 "-.%- 2-95 ('9A 3' $-3)1@ 09A 9;09@@9@#

    [#+ 79%2.34 [ $92$ 3)2 23 )4@9'$2(4@ 2-9 %-(119469$ 3: '9@)%.46 '93::[email protected]'3)6- 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34# F2 3)21.49$ 2-9 ;(45 1.;.2(2.34$ 3: '9%34J.%2.34 '(29$($ ( ;9($)'9 3: 2-9 9::9%2.J949$$ 3: %'.;.4(1 $(4%2.34$ 09:3'9 63.46 34 23 9Q(;.492-9 ;)12./19 $3%.(1 (4@ /9'$34(1 /'3019;$ 2-(2 3:294 1.9 09-.4@ '93::[email protected]# 79%2.34[ (1$3 '9J.9"$ $3;9 %'.;.43136.%(1 2-93'.9$ (03)2 2-9 %()$9$ (4@ %3''91(29$ 3:/9'$.$2942 3::[email protected] (4@ 9Q/13'9$ @90(29$ (03)2 2-9 9Q2942 23 "-.%- /9'$.$29423::94@9'$ -(J9 @.$2.4%2.J9 %-('(%29'.$2.%$ 3' /'3:.19$# \3"9J9'A 2-9 $9%2.34 (1$3 4329$2-(2 $3;9 %'.;.43136.$2$ -(J9 $)669$29@ 2-(2 2-9 $9('%- :3' ]'.$* :(%23'$R (4@]3::94@9' 25/9$R .$ :)4@(;942(115 ;.$%34%9.J9@ .4 2-(2 .2 294@$ 23 /(2-3136.$9

    3::[email protected] 05 :3%)$.46 34 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 3::94@9' ($ 2-9 ;(.4 )4.2 3: (4(15$.$A '(2-9'2-(4 9;/-($.$.46 2-(2 %'.;9A %'.;.4(1.25 (4@ %'.;.4(1.$(2.34 ('9 $3%.(1 %34$2')%2$63J9'49@ 05 ".@9' 9%343;.%A $2')%2)'(1A %)12)'(1 (4@ /31.2.%(1 :3'%9$# ,-9 3J9'(11%34%1)$.34 3: $9%2.34 [ .$ 2-(2 2-9 %-(119469$ 3: '9@)%.46 '9O3::[email protected] .4 /'(%2.%9 ('9J9'5 %34$.@9'(019# ^92 ;3$2 3::94@9'$A .4%1)@.46 ;(45 /9'$.$2942 3::94@9'$A @3 6.J9)/ %'.;9A @9$/.29 2-9 ;(45 499@$ 2-(2 2-95 -(J9 (4@ 2-9 ;(45 30$2(%19$ 2-(2 2-95:(%9#

    [#T 79%2.34 + :3%)$9$ 34 "-(2 .$ *43"4 (03)2 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: ]@9$.$2(4%9R :'3;3::[email protected] (4@ ('6)9$ 2-(2 /'(%2.%9$ (4@ /'3%9$$9$ 3: 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 $-3)1@ 09

    9;09@@9@ .4 )4@9'$2([email protected]$ 3: 2-.$ /'3%9$$# Y9$.$2(4%9 '91(29$ 23 (69 (4@ ;(2)'.25A23 $3%.(1 2.9$ 3' 034@$A (4@ 23 %-(46.46 /9'$34(1 [email protected]$# ,-9 '91(2.34$-./$092"994 ]30&9%2.J9R %-(469$ .4 3::94@9'$R 1.:9 (4@ 2-9.' ]$)0&9%2.J9R ($$9$$;942$ 3:2-9 J(1)9 3' $.64.:.%(4%9 3: 2-9$9 %-(469$ ('9 /.J32(1# Y9$.$2(4%9 .$ 432 (4 9J942 0)2( /'3%9$$ (4@A 09%()$9 3: 2-9 $)0&9%2.J.2.9$ (4@ .$$)9$ 3: [email protected] .4J31J9@A 2-9/'3%9$$ .$ .49$%(/(015 [email protected].@)(1.$9@ S $3 )4@9'$2([email protected]$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9 499@ 23(%%3;;3@(29 (69A 694@9' (4@ 92-4.%.25 '91(29@ @.::9'94%9$ .4 2-9 /'3%9$$#Y9$.$2(4%9 .$ (1$3 %-('(%29'.$9@ 05 (;0.J(194%9 (4@ J(%.11(2.34# \3/9 $99;$ 23 09 (4.;/3'2(42 :(%23'# H-9'9($ /9'$.$2942 3::94@9'$ 294@ 23 09 :(2(1.$2.% .4 2-9.' 3)2133*A2-9'9 .$ 9J.@94%9 2-(2 @9$.$29'$ (%_).'9 ( $94$9 3: (694%5 V2-9 (0.1.25 23 ;(*9

    %-3.%9$ (4@ 63J9'4 2-9.' 3"4 1.J9$W .4 3'@9' 23 '9$.$2 (4@ 3J9'%3;9 2-9 %'.;.43694.%$2')%2)'(1 /'9$$)'9$ 2-(2 /1(5 )/34 2-9;# ,-.$ @.$%3J9'5 3: (694%5 ;(5 '91(29 23 2-9'319 3: $.64.:.%(42 32-9'$ .4 $)//3'2.46 3::94@9'$ 23 94J.$.34 (129'4(2.J9 [email protected]$

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    5/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* `

    (4@ (129'4(2.J9 :)2)'9$# P(29' .4 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: %-(469A .4J31J9;942 .4 ]6949'(2.J9(%2.J.2.9$R V"-.%- )$)(115 ;(*9 ( %342'.0)2.34 23 2-9 "911O09.46 3: 32-9'$W ;(5 /1(5 (/('2 .4 29$2.:5.46 23 2-9 @9$.$29' 2-(2 (4 (129'4(2.J9 ](6942.%R [email protected] .$ 09.46 3' -($0994 :3'69@#

    [#Z 79%2.34 + (1$3 '9J.9"$ $2)@.9$ 2-(2 -(J9 :3%)$$9@ 34 2-9 '319 2-(2 3::94@9'$)/9'J.$.34 ;(5 /1(5 .4 $)//3'2.46 @9$.$2(4%9# ,-9$9 $2)@.9$ )4@9'1.49 2-9.;/3'2(4%9 3: $2'346 '91(2.34$-./$ 092"994 3::94@9'$ (4@ 2-9.' $)/9'J.$3'$A%-('(%29'.$9@ 05 ;)2)(1 '9$/9%2A 135(125 (4@ %3;;.2;942# \3"9J9'A "3'*9'$ (4@"3'*.46 '91(2.34$-./$ ('9 49.2-9' 2-9 3415 43' 2-9 ;3$2 .;/3'2(42 '9$3)'%9$ .4/'3;32.46 @9$.$2(4%9 "-.%- (1$3 '9_).'9$ $2'.J.46 23 @9J913/ 2-9 3::94@9'R$$2'9462-$ S (2 032- (4 [email protected].@)(1 (4@ ( $3%.(1 492"3'* 19J91 S .4 3'@9' 23 0).1@ (4@$)$2(.4 ;3;942); :3' %-(469# F429'J942.34$ ;)$2 /(5 -99@ 23 2-9 %3;;)4.25A$3%.(1 (4@ /9'$34(1 %3429Q2$ .4 "-.%- /'3%9$$9$ 3: (4@ 30$2(%19$ 23 %-(469 ('9$.2)(29@# a.2(115A @9J913/.46 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 .$ 49%9$$('5 23 94%3)'(69 @9$.$2(4%9# F2 .$432 943)6- 23 0).1@ ;32.J(2.34A $*.11$ 3' %(/(%.2.9$ :3' %-(469 "-9'9 %-(469 (1$3@9/94@$ 34 3//3'2)4.2.9$#

    [#` 79%2.34 T 3)21.49$ (4@ %3;/('9$ 2"3 %3429;/3'('5 ;3@91$ 3: 3::94@9''9-(0.1.2(2.34# F4 2-9 >.$*OX99@O>9$/34$.J.25 ;3@91 V>X>WA '9-(0.1.2(2.34/'36'(;;9$ (.; 23 '9@)%9 2-9 -(';$ %()$9@ 05 %'.;9# 834$.@9'(2.34$ 3: 2-93::94@9'R$ "91:('9 ('9 196.2.;(29 0)2 $9%34@('5# [email protected].@)(1$ ('9 $994 ($ J('5.46 .42-9.' /'3/94$.25 23 %3;;.2 %'.;9$A $3 .2 .$ ('6)9@ 2-(2 2'9(2;942 $-3)1@ 2('692 2-3$9:(%23'$ 2-(2 ('9 ($$3%.(29@ ".2- 3::[email protected] 2-9 ;3$2 .;/3'2(42 2'9(2;942 2('692$ ('92-3$9 2-(2 -(J9 0994 9;/.'.%(115 @9;34$2'(29@ 23 '9@)%9 '9%[email protected].$;# ,-9 M33@ P.J9$L3@91 VMPLW ($$);9$ 2-(2 /93/19 V.4%1)@.46 3::94@9'$W ('9 /'9@.$/3$9@ 23 $99*%9'2(.4 -);(4 633@$A $)669$2.46 2-(2 3::[email protected] '9/'9$942$ 9.2-9' .4(//'3/'.(29(229;/2$ 23 $9%)'9 $)%- 633@$ 3' 2-(2 .2 ('.$9$ ($ ( %311(29'(1 9::9%2 3: 2-9.' /)'$).2#F429'J942.34$ $-3)1@ (.; 23 /'3;329 (4 [email protected].@)(1R$ 633@$ ($ "911 ($ 23 ;(4(69 3''9@)%9 '.$*b '9-(0.1.2(2.J9 "3'* $-3)1@ (.; 23 94(019 (4 [email protected].@)(1 23 @9J913/ ( 1.:9/1(4 2-(2 .4J31J9$ "(5$ 3: 9::9%2.J915 $9%)'.46 /'.;('5 -);(4 633@$ ".2-3)2-(';.46 32-9'$b 2(*.46 (%%3)42 3: $2'9462-$A /'.;('5 633@$ (4@ '919J(4294J.'34;942$A (4@ 94%3)'(6.46 (4@ '9$/9%2.46 [email protected].@)(1R$ %(/(%.2.9$ 23 ;(*9%-3.%9$ :3' 2-9;$91J9$# >9-(0.1.2(2.J9 .429'J942.34$ ;)$2 0(1(4%9 2-9 /'3;32.34 3:/9'$34(1 633@$ V:3' 2-9 3::94@9'W ".2- 2-9 '9@)%2.34 3: '.$* V:3' $3%.925W#

    [#c 79%2.34 T (1$3 '9J.9"$ 9;9'6.46 @90(29$ (03)2 2-9 2-93'92.%(1A 9;/.'.%(1 (4@/'(%2.%(1 $2'9462-$ (4@ "9(*49$$9$ 3: 2-9$9 ;3@91$ OO ($ "911 ($ 2-9.' /3.42$ 3:%34J9'694%9 (4@ @.::9'94%9# 73;9 -(J9 ('6)9@ 2-(2 "-.19 2-9'9 .$ 9;/.'.%(1 $)//3'2:3' 2-9 >X> /'.4%./19$ 23 J('5.46 @96'99$A >X> .$ J(6)9 (03)2 J(1)9$ (4@ %3'9/'.4%./19$b 2-(2 F2 :(.1$ 23 2(*9 (%%3)42 3: 2-9 $)0&9%2.J9 (4@ J(1)9O1(@94 4(2)'9 3:

    %34%9/2$ 1.*9 ]'.$*R (4@ ]-(';Rb 2-(2 .2 )4@9'$2(4@$ '.$* .4 ( -.6-15 [email protected].@)(1.$9@ "(5"-.%- 49619%2$ -3" $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ (::9%2 "-92-9' 3' 432 (4@ .4 "-(2 "(5$

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    6/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* c

    ]'.$*.49$$R .$ 9J9' '9(1.$9@b 2-(2 .2$ :3%)$ 34 '.$* (4@ %'.;.43694.% 499@$ 49619%2$%'.2.%(1 _)9$2.34$ ('3)4@ 3::94@9' ;32.J(2.34 (4@ ('3)4@ 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 ($ ( "-319(4@ -.$ 3' -9' $91:[email protected] (4@ 2-(2 .2 -($ 432 '9(115 9Q/1(.49@ 2-9 '91(2.34$-./$092"994 '.$* (4@ 499@ :(%23'$ (4@ 3::[email protected]# 7.4%9 .2 -($ 9;9'69@ ;3'9 '9%94215A2-9 MPL .4 /'(%2.%9 -($ 0994 $)0&9%2 23 19$$ 9J(1)(2.J9 $%')2.45 (4@ .4 2-.$ $94$9 -($( "9(*9' 9;/.'.%(1 0($.$# \3"9J9'A $%')2.45 3: 2-9 MPL (1$3 '(.$9$ 43';(2.J9 (4@2-93'92.%(1 _)9$2.34$# d3' 9Q(;/19A 2-9 MPL ;(5 ($$);9 2-(2 -);(4 633@$ ('9;3'9 )4.J9'$(115 /)'$)9@ 2-(4 2-95 ('9b .2 ;(5 )4@9'/1(5 2-9 @99/ 294$.34$ 2-(29Q.$2 .4 %3429;/3'('5 $3%.92.9$ ('3)4@ @.J9'$9 J.9"$ 3: "-(2 %34$2.2)29$ 2-9 633@1.:9 (4@ 2-)$ 2-9 %34:1.%2$ 2-(2 ('.$9 .4 2-9 /)'$).2 3: J9'5 @.::9'942 J9'$.34$ 3: 2-(21.:9 ".2-.4 %3;;)4.2.9$b .2 ;(5 3J9'$2(29 2-9 49%9$$.25 3: 2-9 -31.$2.% '9%34$2')%2.343: 2-9 $91:b .2 ;(5 )4@9'9$2.;(29 2-9 9Q2942 23 "-.%- %'.;.43694.% $3%.(1 %3429Q2$V(4@ 1.;.29@ 1.:9 3//3'2)4.2.9$W ;.6-2 ;(*9 ( ]%'.;.4(1R 633@ 1.J9$ /1(4 136.%(1 (4@:)4%2.34(1 :'3; $3;9 3::94@9'$R /3.42$ 3: J.9"b (4@A 1.*9 2-9 >X> ;3@91A .2 ;(549619%2 2-9 .;/3'2(4%9 3: .429'J942.34$ ('3)4@ 2-9 :(;.1.(1 (4@ $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ 3:3::[email protected] (4@ @9$.$2(4%9A (4@ 3: "3'* 23 @9J913/ 196.2.;(29 3//3'2)4.2.9$ :3' 9QO3::94@9'$#

    [#e >9%94215A (@J3%(29$ 3: 032- 2-9 >X> (4@ 2-9 MPL ;3@91$ -(J9 $2'9$$9@ 2-9499@ :3' ;3'9 [email protected].@)(1.$9@ ($$9$$;942$A %($9 :3';)1(2.34$ (4@ .429'J942.34$ (4@-(J9 4329@ 2-9 .4%'9($.4615 (//('942 1.;.2(2.34$ 3: '915.46 34 ;3'9 $2(4@('@.$9@/'36'(;;(2.% (//'3(%-9$ 23 '9-(0.1.2(2.34# H.2- 2-.$ .4 ;.4@A $9%2.34 Z '9J.9"$ 2-9:[email protected]$ 3: ( '9%942 1.29'(2)'9 '9J.9" %34%9'49@ ".2- 2-9 /'(%2.2.349' $*.11$ '9_).'9@23 "3'* 9::9%2.J915 23 '9@)%9 '93::[email protected]# ,-9 $9%2.34 0'.9:15 @.$%)$$9$ ($$9$$;942A/1(44.46 (4@ %($9 V3' 3::94@9'W ;(4(69;942A 0)2 .2 (1$3 1(5$ /('2.%)1(' $2'9$$ 34 2-9/'(%2.%9 /'3%9$$9$ 2-(2 $92 2-9 %3429Q2 :3' .429'J942.34A .4J31J.46 /'9/('.46A'91(2.34$-./O0)[email protected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email protected] $9%2.34$# ,-9$9 _)9$2.34$ $-3)1@ .4:3'; 2-9 '9$9('%-O;.4@9@'9:19%2.J9 /'(%2.2.349' 946(69;942 ".2- 2-9 3::94@9'A $3 ($ 23 94(019 2-9@9J913/;942A .;/19;942(2.34 (4@ 9J(1)(2.34 3: %($9O$/9%.:.%A 9Q/1.%.2 (4@ 9J.@94%9O0($9@ 2-93'.9$ 3: %-(469#

    [#f F4 ]:19$-.46 3)2R 2-9 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 $/.49A 2-9 '9;(.4@9' 3: 2-9 /(/9'9Q/13'9$ 2"3 *95 :3';$ 3: .429'J942.34# 79%2.34 ` 9Q/13'9$ 2-9 25/9$ 3: .429'J942.34$2-(2 ;.6-2 @9J913/ 3::94@9'$R ;32.J(2.34$ 23 (4@ %(/(%.2.9$ :3' %-(469 V2-(2 .$A 2-9.'

    -);(4 %(/.2(1W# B$ $)%-A .2 .$ /'.4%./(115 %34%9'49@ ".2- 2-3$9 %364.2.J9 09-(J.3)'(1/'36'(;;9$ S ;3$215 ;3@9119@ 34 2-9 >X> (//'3(%- OO 2-(2 (@@'9$$ 3::94@9'$R

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    7/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* e

    2-.4*.46 $*.11$A /'3019;O$31J.46 (0.1.2.9$ (4@ 09-(J.3)'(1 '9/9'23.'9$ (4@ -(J9 09942-9 ;(.4 /'93%%)/(2.34 3: ]"-(2 "3'*$gR @90(29$ 23 @(29# ,-(2 $(.@A 9Q/1.%.2(22942.34 .$ (1$3 /(.@ 23 2-9 1.29'(2)'9 34 2-9 )$9 3: ;32.J(2.34(1 .429'J.9".46 ".2-3::94@9'$ (4@ 34 2-9 )2.1.25 3: /'3O$3%.(1 ;[email protected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email protected]'$.25 (;346$2 /('2.%./(42$ .423 (%%3)42A (4@ 23 133* (2 -3" 2-9 0'3(@9' $9'J.%9%3429Q2 %(4 09$2 $)//3'2 9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9# UJ9'(11A 2-.$ $9%2.34 %34%1)@9$ 2-(2 2-9'9('9 '.$*$ .4 :3%)$.46 9Q%1)$.J915 3' 9Q%9$$.J915 34 -);(4 %(/.2(1#

    [#E F4 2-9 :.4(1 $9%2.34A $9%2.34 cA 2-9 :3%)$ 2-9'9:3'9 2)'4$ 23 .429'J942.34$ 2-(2(.; 23 @9J913/ 3::94@9'$R '9$3)'%9$ (4@ 3//3'2)4.2.9$b .#9# 2-9.' $3%.(1 %(/.2(1# B$"911 ($ J9'5 0'.9:15 .42'3@)%.46 2-9 %34%9/2 3: $3%.(1 %(/.2(1A $9%2.34 c 3)21.49$ $3;93: 2-9 ;(.4 "(5$ .4 "-.%- 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 ;.6-2 $99* 23 @9J913/ $3%.(1 %(/.2(123 $)//3'2 @9$.$2(4%9# d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email protected].@)(1 "3'*9'$ (4@ :3' 13%(1$9'J.%9$ 23 2-.4* %'9(2.J915 (03)2 32-9' /32942.(115 6949'(2.J9 (%2.J.2.9$A .4%1)@.46/(.@ 9;/135;942A %.J.% J31)4299'.46 (4@ 32-9' %34$2')%2.J9A %'9(2.J9 (%2.J.2.9$# ,-92-.'@ .;/1.%(2.34 3: 2-9 9J.@94%9 '9J.9"9@ (03J9 /3.42$ 23 ".@9' $2'(296.% /'.3'.2.9$1.4*9@ 23 %3;;)4.25 946(69;942 (4@ %3;;)4.25 @9J913/;942 09%()$9A .4 29';$ 3:@9$.$2(4%9A "-.19 .2 ;(5 09 49%9$$('5 23 /'9/('9 9QO3::94@9'$ :3' (4@ ($$.$2 2-9; .4(%%9$$.46 ".@9' $3%.(1 492"3'*$A .4%1)@.46 2-'3)6- 9;/135;942A $)%- "3'* .$ 432$)::.%.942# F2 .$ 9_)(115 .;/3'2(42 23 /'9/('9 %3;;)4.2.9$ V.4%1)@.46 9;/1359'$ (4@32-9' (694%.9$W :3' 9QO3::94@9'$ (4@ 23 $)//3'2 2-9; .4 "3'*.46 ".2- 9QO3::94@9'$#

    [#[D ,-.$A .4 2)'4A 19(@$ 23 2-9 :3)'2-A (4@ ;3$2 %-(11946.46A .;/1.%(2.34 3:%34$.@9'.46 2-9 '319 3: $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 .4 @9$.$2(4%9# Y9J913/.46 2-9 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 3: (J.1.:.9@ 6'3)/ .$ 432 9($5 .4 2-9 %3429Q2 3: .4$9%)'9A 1(29O;3@9'4 $3%.92.9$ 1.*9 3)'3"4# 73;9 '9%942 '9$9('%- $)669$2$ 2-(2A ($ "911 ($ "3'*.46 23 /'329%2 2-9 /)01.%A

    %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 (694%.9$ $-3)1@ @.'9%215 2('692 /)01.% .4$9%)'.2.9$A .4 /('2 05'9$/[email protected] 23 $.64(1 %'.;9$ ".2- ]%342'31 $.64(1$RA ($ ( ;9(4$ 3: 946(6.46 9::9%2.J915

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    8/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* f

    ".2- %3;;)4.2.9$R (4Q.92.9$ (03)2 %'.;9 (4@A ;3'9 $/9%.:.%(115A 2-9.' (4Q.92.9$ (03)22-9 ;(4(69;942 3: 3::94@9'$ ".2-.4 2-9 %3;;)4.25# G9534@ 2-9 .$$)9 3: %342'31A2-9'9 ;(5 (1$3 09 ( 499@ 23 /'3J.@9 J.$.019 $.64(1$ 3: '9$2.2)2.34A '9/('(2.34 (4@'9:3';# ,-9 9J.@94%9 $)669$2$ 2-(2 $)%%9$$ 3' :(.1)'9 23 $94@ $)%- $.64(1$ ;(5 -(J9;(&3' %34$9_)94%9$ :3' 2-9 %(/(%.25 3: 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 (694%.9$ 23 6949'(29".@9' 3//3'2)4.2.9$ :3' 2-9 @9J913/;942 3: 2-9 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 2-(2 $99;$ 23 09'9_).'9@ .4 3'@9' 23 94(019 @9$.$2(4%9#

    [#[[ ,-9 /(/9' %34%1)@9$ 2-(2 9J94 .: "9 ".$-9@ 2-(2 2-9'9 "9'9 ( ;3@91 3:9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 2-(2 %3)1@ 09 /'9$%'.09@ :3' /'(%2.2.349'$ .4J31J9@ .4 3::94@9'$)/9'J.$.34A 2-9'9 .$ 432# ?'9%.$915 09%()$9 3::94@9'$ ('9 -929'369493)$A 2-9.' 499@$('9 %3;/19Q (4@ 2-9.' /(2-"(5$ 23 @9$.$2(4%9 ('9 J('.9@ (4@ [email protected].@)(1A 9::9%2.J9/'(%2.%9 %(4 3415 '9(115 9;9'69 :'3; /'(%2.2.349'$R '9:19%2.J9 946(69;942 (4@%342.4)(1 @.(136)9 ".2- 2-3$9 ".2- "-3; 2-95 "3'*A ".2- 2-9 '9$9('%- 2-(2 $-3)[email protected]:3'; -3" 2-95 "3'*A (4@ ".2- 2-9 %3;;)4.2.9$ .4 "-.%- 2-95 "3'*#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    9/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* E

    #!"I=PL"

    ,-.$ /(/9' -($ 0994 /'9/('9@ /'.4%./(115 :3' 2-9 ?9':3';(4%9 F;/'3J9;942 72'(2965M'3)/ S ( 6'3)/ %34J949@ 05 2-9 83;;)4.25 =)$2.%9 Y.J.$.34 3: 2-9 7%322.$-M3J9'4;942 23 (@J.$9 (4@ ($$.$2 .4 2-9 @9J913/;942 3: %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'*$9'J.%9$ .4 /('2.%)1(' (4@ 3: %3;;)4.25 &)$2.%9 ;3'9 6949'(115# ,-9 ?F7M %3;/'.$9$'9/'9$942(2.J9$ 3: 2-9 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942R$ 83;;)4.25 =)$2.%9 Y.J.$.34A 3: 2-9K::9%2.J9 ?'(%2.%9 I4.2A 3: 2-9 B$$3%.(2.34 3: Y.'9%23'$ 3: 73%.(1 H3'*A 3: 2-9J31)42('5 $9%23' $9'J.%9 /'3J.@9'$ .4 7%321(4@A 3: 2-9 7%322.$- ?'.$34 79'J.%9A 3: 2-9

    >.$* L(4(69;942 B)2-3'.25 (4@ :'3; J('.3)$ 7%322.$- )4.J9'$.2.9$#

    Y.$%)$$.34$ 092"994 2-9 %-(.' (4@ $3;9 3: 2-9 ;9;09'$ 3: 2-9 ?F7M %-('69@ ".2-19(@.46 "3'*O$2'9(;$ 34 (%%'[email protected](2.34A .429'J942.34$ (4@ .4$/9%2.34A .4@.%(29@ 2-9499@ :3' 2-9 /'3J.$.34 3: ( $);;('5 3: 9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 2-(2 "($ $94$.2.J9 23 2-9)4._)9 7%322.$- %3429Q2 :3' 2-9 %3;;)4.25 $)/9'J.$.34 3: 3::94@9'$# ,-9 /(/9' (.;$23 /'3J.@9 2-(2 $);;('5 (4@ 23 @9J913/ $3;9 .@9($ ('3)4@ ( 7%322.$- ;3@91 3:9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 .4 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34b ($ $)%- .2 .$ %34%9'49@ /'.4%./(115 ".2- 2-9'319$ (4@ 2($*$ 3: %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'* $2(:: '(2-9' 2-(4 ".2- 2-9 .;/3'2(420)2 0'3(@9' @90(29$ ('3)4@ %3;;)4.25 (4@ %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 .4 7%321(4@#

    B$ ( $-3'2 (%%3)42 3: $3;9 3: 2-9 '9$9('%- 9J.@94%9 2-(2 %(4 .4:3'; (4@ 94-(4%92-9 $)/9'J.$.34 3: 3::94@9'$ .4 2-9 %3;;)4.25A 2-.$ /(/9' .$ .49J.2(015 $919%2.J9 (4@@91.09'(2915 @.$%)'$.J9 .4 2349# F2 .$ 432 ( $5$29;(2.% 1.29'(2)'9 '9J.9"A 2-3)6- .2@'("$ 34 ( J9'5 9Q294$.J9 (4@ ;3'9 %3;/'9-94$.J9 $3)'%9 @3%);942 3: 2-9 $(;92.219 VL%X9.11A H-529 (4@ 83443115A +DDfW# F2 @39$ 432 /'9294@ 23 3::9' 49)2'(1A;9($)'9@ 3' @9:.4.2.J9 %34%1)$.34$ (03)2 ]"-(2 "3'*$gRA .: .4@99@ 2-(2 .$ /3$$.019#>(2-9'A .2 $99*$ 23 0).1@ (4 ('6);942 :3' ( /('2.%)1(' (4@ $2.11 @9J913/.46 (//'3(%- 233::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 2-(2 :.2$ ".2- 2-9 7%322.$- %3429Q2#

    d3113".46 2-9 $2')%2)'9 3: 2-9 ;3'9 @92(.19@ $3)'%9 @3%);942A 2-9 /(/9' 096.4$ 05'9J.9".46 2-9 (J(.1(019 7%322.$- '9%34J.%2.34 @(2( (4@ 9Q/13'.46 2-9 4(2)'9 3:'93::[email protected] .4 6949'(1A 2-)$ $922.46 2-9 $%949 .4 29';$ 3: 2-9 %-(119469$ 2-(2 %'.;.4(1

    &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'*9'$ :(%9# 79%2.34 + /'3J.@9$ (4 3J9'J.9" 3: 2-9 '9$9('%- 9J.@94%9(03)2 @9$.$2(4%9 :'3; 3::[email protected]# 79%2.34 TA /'3J.@9$ (4 (%%3)42 3: 2"3 .;/3'2(42%)''942 ;3@91$ 3: 3::94@9' '9-(0.1.2(2.34h 2-9 >.$*OX99@$O>9$/34$.J.25 V>X>W L3@91(4@ 2-9 M33@ P.J9$ L3@91 VMPLW# 79%2.34 Z .$ 2-9 *95 /('2 3: 2-9 @3%);942 .4 2-(2 .29Q/13'9$ 2-9 /'(%2.%9 /'3%9$$ .4 %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'*A :3%)$.46 34 %($9;(4(69;942 3' %-(469 ;(4(69;942 (4@ %34%1)@9$ ".2- ( $.;/19 %34%9/2)(1 ;3@913: (4 9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 /'3%9$$ (4@ ( ;3'9 /'(%2.%(1 @91.49(2.34 3: 2-9 _)9$2.34$

    2-(2 %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'*9'$ 499@ 23 (@@'9$$ .4 "3'*.46 2-'3)6- 2-9 ]3::94@9'$)/9'J.$.34 $/.49R# 79%2.34$ c (4@ e 2-94 0'.9:15 9Q(;.49A '9$/9%2.J915A .429'J942.34$"-.%- (.; 23 @9J913/ 3::94@9'$R $*.11$ (4@ %(/(%.2.9$ V2-9.' ]-);(4 %(/.2(1RW (4@ -3"

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    10/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [D

    $9'J.%9$ ;.6-2 "3'* ".2- (4@ 2-'3)6- 2-9.' $3%.(1 492"3'*$A '9$3)'%9$ (4@3//3'2)4.2.9$ V2-9.' ]$3%.(1 %(/.2(1RW#

    ,-9 .4294@9@ ()@.94%9 3: 2-.$ /(/9' .$ 2-9 ?F7M .4 2-9 :.'$2 .4$2(4%9A 0)2 $)0&9%2 232-9 J.9"$ 3: 2-(2 6'3)/ (4@ 23 :)'2-9' @9J913/;942 3: 2-9 /(/9'A "9 -3/9 2-(2 .2;.6-2 /'3J9 )$9:)1 23 2-9 ".@9' /31.%5 (4@ /'(%2.%9 %3;;)4.2.9$ .4 7%321(4@ S (4@/9'-(/$ :)'2-9' (:.91@#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    11/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [[

    E$>%">%8

    E$#F!GBH% >$%GE"........................................................................................................................................2

    IEJ>$KL"MB"=">%8 ..................................................................................................................................2

    ;$!"K$!M .....................................................................................................................................................3

    "N"E@%GO" 8@==I!F ...................................................................................................................................4

    #!"I=PL" .......................................................................................................................................................9

    E$>%">%8 .....................................................................................................................................................11

    (Q @>M"!8%I>MG>B %H" EHILL">B" $; !"M@EG>B !"$;;">MG>B .....................................................12

    DQ @>M"!8%I>MG>B I>M 8@##$!%G>B M"8G8%I>E"..............................................................................17

    RQ E@!!">% =$M"L8 $; $;;">M"! !"HIPGLG%I%G$> ............................................................................23

    , \K >F7NOXKKY7O>K7?UX7FaF,^ L UYKP...........................................................................................................23 , \K MUUY PFaK7L UYKP ...............................................................................................................................26

    SQ %H" #!IE%GE" #!$E"88T =$%GOI%G>B I>M =I>IBG>B EHI>B"....................................................30

    ? >K?B>B,FUX ...............................................................................................................................................30 B77K77LKX, .................................................................................................................................................32 ? PBXXFXM....................................................................................................................................................34 8B7K LBXBMKLKX, h L BXBMFXM 8\BXMK.......................................................................................................35

    UQ $;;">M"!8V 8JGLL8 I>M EI#IEG%G"8.....................................................................................................43

    L U,FaB,FUX BXY >KBYFXK77 ,U8 \BXMK ........................................................................................................43 7,>I8,I>KY ? >UM>BLLK B??>UB8\K7 .........................................................................................................44 FL?PKLKX,FXM 7,>I8,I>KY ? >UM>BLLK7 h PK77UX7 d>UL KXMPBXY BXYH BPK7............................................46 >K7?UX7FaF,^ BXY PKB>XFXM 7,^PK7 ...............................................................................................................47 ? >UO7U8FBP LUYKPPFXM.................................................................................................................................48

    WQ $;;">M"!8V !"8$@!E"8 I>M $##$!%@>G%G"8 ...................................................................................50

    XQ E$>EL@8G$> .......................................................................................................................................53

    !";"!">E"8 ..................................................................................................................................................54

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    12/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [+

    (Q @>M"!8%I>MG>B %H" EHILL">B" $;!"M@EG>B !"$;;">MG>B

    "#$%&' () *'+,-.#+/#,- *0/'1 #- 2+,/30-45 (66789::;

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Custody 65 64 62 61 61 62 63 64 64

    Probation 64 60 59 59 59 60 61 63 61Community Service 49 47 44 42 42 43 42 42 39

    Monetary Penalty 42 42 40 40 40 41 40 41 41

    1995-06

    1996-97

    1997-98

    1998-99

    1999-00

    2000-01

    2001-02

    2002-03

    2003-04

    73)'%9h 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942 V+DDeW2/0/#1/#+03 =%1/,4F ,& G#.'- H,-8=%1/,4#03 2'-/'-+'1 #- 9::I8:;52+,/30-4J [email protected])'6-h 7%322.$- M3J9'4;942# VBJ(.1(019 (2h-22/hii"""#$%321(4@#63J#)*i>9$3)'%9iY3%i[EEeDTiDD`TTT`#/@: W

    [#[ d.6)'9 [ V(03J9W @92(.1$ 2-9 ;3$2 '9%94215 (J(.1(019 @(2( (03)2 '9%34J.%2.34'(29$ .4 7%321(4@# ,-9 0'3(@ /.%2)'9 .$ 2-(2 '9%34J.%2.34 '(29$ :3' 2-3$9 '919($9@ :'3;%)$23@5 092"994 [EE` (4@ +DDZ '(469 :'3; c` /9' %942 23 c[ /9' %942A (4@ 2-(22-9'9 .$ 43 %34$.$2942 2'94@# d3' /'30(2.34A 2-9 :.6)'9$ '(469 :'3; cZ /9' %942 23 c[/9' %942A (6(.4 ".2- 43 %34$.$2942 2'94@# d3' ;3492('5 /94(12.9$A 2-9 :.6)'9$ J('59J94 19$$ S :'3; Z+ /9' %942 23 ZD /9' %942# d3' %3;;)4.25 $9'J.%9A 2-9'9 .$ ( @'3/ 3:[D /9' %942 .4 '9%34J.%2.34 '(29$ (4@ 2-9 @3"4"('@ 2'94@ .$ %34$.$2942# \3"9J9'A2-9 (J(.1(019 @(2( @39$ 432 (113" )$ 23 .@942.:5 '9($34$ :3' 2-.$ @'3/ .4 '9%34J.%2.34#

    [#+ B'9 7%322.$- '9%34J.%2.34 '(29$ )4)$)(115 -.6-g 7.;.1(' V(4@ .4@99@ "3'$9W'9%34J.%2.34 '(29$ -(J9 0994 9J.@94%9@ .4 32-9' &)'.$@.%2.34$# d3' 9Q(;/19A 2-9 X9"j9(1(4@ Y9/('2;942 3: 83''9%2.34$iB'( ?3)2(;( B329('3(A .4 '9J.9".46.429'4(2.34(1 9J.@94%9 :'3; 2-9 INA X3'2- B;9'.%( (4@ B)$2'(1($.(A $)669$2$ 2-(2A

    (%'3$$ 2-9$9 @.J9'$9 &)'.$@.%2.34$A (03)2 cD /9' %942 3: 2-3$9 $94294%9@ 23%3;;)4.25 $94294%9$ ('9 '9%34J.%29@ ".2-.4 2"3 59('$ (4@ 2-(2 2-9 9_).J(1942

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    13/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [T

    :.6)'9 :3' %)$23@.(1 $94294%9$ .$ (03)2 eD /9' %942# F4 X9" j9(1(4@iB329('3( .2$91:2-9 '9%34J.%2.34 :.6)'9$ :3' %3;;)4.25 $94294%9$ (4@ %)$23@.(1 $94294%9$ ('9 cZ /9'%942 (4@ ce /9' %942 '9$/9%2.J915 [ # F4 2-.$ %3;/('(2.J9 %3429Q2A 2-9 7%322.$- :.6)'9$@3 432 133* 3)2 3: /1(%9#

    [#T ,-9 $3)'%9 @3%);942 :3' 2-.$ '9/3'2 VL%X9.11 '/ 03J A +DDfW 3)21.49$ ( 4);09'3: ;(&3' /'3019;$ ".2- )$.46 '9%34J.%2.34 @(2( ($ ( ;9($)'9 3: 2-9 9::9%2.J949$$ 3:%'.;.4(1 $(4%2.34$# ,-9$9 .4%1)@9 0)2 ('9 432 1.;.29@ 23h 2-9 /'3019; 3: ]/$9)@3O'9%34J.%2.34$R V2-(2 .$A 2-3$9 %34J.%2.34$ "-.%- :3113" 2-9 @.$/3$(1 .4 _)9$2.34 0)2'91(29 23 3::94%9$ %3;;.229@ K'B,&' .2$ .;/3$.2.34 (4@ 2-9'9:3'9 3J9' "-.%- .2 %3)1@9Q9'%.$9 43 .4:1)94%9Wb _)9$2.34$ 3: -3" 23 (%%3;;3@(29 %34$.@9'(2.34 3: 2-94(2)'9A $9'.3)$49$$ (4@ :'9_)94%5 3: (45 '9%34J.%2.34$b @.::.%)12.9$ .4 @929';.4.462-9 ]%3''9%2R 2.;9$%(19$ :3' (4(15$.46 '9%34J.%2.34b (4@A ;3$2 :)4@(;942(115A 2-9.4$)/9'(019 /'3019; 2-(2 '9 +,-.#+/#,- @(2( ;9($)'9 3415 2-9 &)$2.%9 $5$29;R$&'1L,-1' 23 '9/3'29@A @929%29@ (4@ /'3$9%)29@ 3::[email protected] (4@ 432 (%2)(1 %-(469$ .42-9 09-(J.3)' 3: 3::94@9'$# ,-9$9 ('9 432 ;.43' ;92-3@3136.%(1 .4%34J94.94%9$b2-95 %(11 .423 _)9$2.34 432 &)$2 $2)@.9$ 2-(2 $99* 23 %3;/('9 2-9 9::.%(%5 3: $(4%2.34$05 %3;/('.46 '9%34J.%2.34 '(29$A 0)2 (1$3 ;)%- 3: 2-9 1.29'(2)'9 34 ]"-(2 "3'*$R .4"-.%- '9%34J.%2.34A @9$/.29 .2$ :1("$A -($ 294@9@ 23 09 2-9 /'9:9''9@ ;9($)'9 3:2'9(2;942 9::9%2.J949$$#

    [#Z 72)@.9$ "-.%- -(J9 (229;/29@ 23 (4(15$9 '9%34J.%2.34 '(29$ .4 '9$/9%2 3:@.::9'942 $(4%2.34$ ('9 2-9'9:3'9 032- %3429$2(019 (4@ @.::.%)12 23 .429'/'92# d3'9Q(;/19A ( >(/.@ KJ.@94%9 B$$9$$;942 + 3: 2-9 '+,-,>#+ 'BB#+#'-+F 3: /'.$34 J9'$)$434O/'.$34 (//'3(%-9$ .4 29';$ 3: '9@)%.46 '9O3::[email protected] "($ '9%94215 /)01.$-9@ 05L(2'.Q N43"19@69 M'3)/ .4 +DDe# ,-9 6949'(1 V.: /'9@.%2(019W ;9$$(69$ :'3; 2-.$$2)@5 $99; 23 09 2-(2 .2 .$ ;3'9 @.::.%)12 23 94(019 53)469' 3::94@9'$ V9('1.9' .4 2-9.'/9'$.$2942 3::[email protected] %('99'$W 23 %-(469A 2-(2 /'.$34O0($9@ .429'J942.34$ 2-(29::9%2.J915 2('692 $/9%.:.% 3::94%9O'91(29@ 499@$ V1.4*9@ 23 $9Q)(1 3::[email protected] (4@$)0$2(4%9 ;.$)$9W -(J9 ( 09229' %-(4%9 3: @91.J9'.46 032- '9@)%9@ '93::[email protected] (4@%3$2 9::9%2.J949$$ 2-(4 ]$2(4@('@R /'.$34b 2-(2 $)'J9.11(4%9 .4 2-9 %3;;)4.25 3)2O/9':3';$ ]$2(4@('@R /'.$34b 0)2 2-(2 ]$2(4@('@R %3;;)4.25 $94294%9$ @3 432A .46949'(1A 3)2O/9':3'; ]$2(4@('@R /'.$34# ,-.$ 1(229' '9$)12 .$ $)//3'29@ 05 2-9 :[email protected]$3: ( '9%942 $5$29;(2.% '9J.9" Va.11922(k '/ 03J A +DDcW "-.%- :3)4@ 2-(2 434O%)$23@.(1$(4%2.34$ ('9 432 #- /E'>1'3.'1 ;3'9 9::9%2.J9 .4 /'3@)%.46 13"9' '(29$ 3: '9O3::[email protected] 2-(4 /'.$34 $94294%9$# U: %3)'$9A 349 3: 2-9 @.::.%)12.9$ .4 .429'/'92.46

    [ http://www.corrections.govt.nz/public/research/bestuse/reconviction.html , accessed 13 th July2006.2 Like systematic reviews, rapid evidence assessments are based on comprehensive electronicsearches of the appropriate databases and some searching of print materials, but to complete a rapidassessment in a shorter time frame, researchers make some concessions. As a result, exhaustivedatabase searching, hand searching of journals and textbooks, and searching of the grey literaturemay not happen.

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    14/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [Z

    $)%- $2)@.9$ 1.9$ .4 2-9 %3;/19Q.2.9$ 3: 2-9 $3%.(1A /31.2.%(1A 196(1 (4@ 3'6(4.$(2.34(1%3429Q2$ 2-(2 @9:.49A %34$2')%2 (4@ %34$2'(.4 "-(2 ]$2(4@('@R %3;;)4.25 /94(12.9$@3 (4@ @3 432 .4J31J9# ?('2 3: 2-9 /)'/3$9 3: 2-.$ /(/9' .$ 23 ;3J9 09534@ 2-.4*.46(03)2 $(4%2.34$ L'& 1' A (4@ 23 2-.4* (03)2 ME0/ +,-/'-/ -''41 /, L,L%30/' 0-4+,-1/#/%/' +,>>%-#/F 1%L'&.#1#,- 23 94(019 .2 23 ;(Q.;.$9 .2$ /32942.(1 23 '9@)%9'93::[email protected]# ,-.$ .$ ( $3;9"-(2 @.::9'942 _)9$2.34 :'3; 2-9 )$)(1 ]"-(2 "3'*$gR_)9$2.34 ('3)4@ 2-9 %-('(%29'.$2.%$ 3: 9::9%2.J9 /'36'(;;9$b .2 .$ 19$$ (03)2/('2.%)1(' ]2'9(2;942R /'36'(;;9$A (4@ ;3'9 (03)2 2-9 $2')%2)'9$ (4@ /'(%2.%9$ 3:3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 ($ "-319# \3"9J9'A (@@'9$$.46 2-(2 %-(119469 :.'$2 '9_).'9$$3;9 6'3)[email protected] .4 "-(2 "9 *43" (03)2 3::94@9'$ )4@9' $)/9'J.$.34 (4@ "-(2 "9*43" (03)2 '93::[email protected] .2$91:#

    [#` P.*9 $94294%9@ 3::94@9'$ .4 ;3$2 &)'.$@.%2.34$A 3::94@9'$ )4@9' $)/9'J.$.34 .47%321(4@ ('9 /'9@3;.4(4215 53)46A ;(19 (4@ )49;/1359@ (4@ 294@ 23 9Q/9'.94%9 ('(469 3: $.64.:.%(42 /9'$34(1 (4@ $3%.(1 /'3019;$# B$ ".2- /'.$349'$A .4 '9$/9%2 3:"-3$9 0(%*6'3)4@$ 2-9'9 .$ ( "9(12- 3: '9$9('%- 9J.@94%9A 3::94@9'$ )4@9'$)/9'J.$.34 J9'5 3:294 :(%9 $9'.3)$ (4@ %-'34.% @.$(@J(42(69 (4@ $3%.(1 9Q%1)$.34#,-9 73%.(1 KQ%1)$.34 I4.2R$ V+DD+W '9/3'2 ]>9@)%.46 '9O3::[email protected] 05 9QO/'.$349'$R '9J9(19@ 2-(2A %3;/('9@ 23 2-9 6949'(1 /3/)1(2.34A /'.$349'$ "9'9 [T 2.;9$ ;3'91.*915 23 -(J9 0994 .4 %('9 ($ ( %-.1@b [D 2.;9$ ;3'9 1.*915 23 -(J9 0994 ( '96)1('2')(42 :'3; $%-331b [T 2.;9$ ;3'9 1.*915 23 09 )49;/1359@b +#` 2.;9$ ;3'9 1.*915 23-(J9 ( :(;.15 ;9;09' "-3 -($ 0994 %34J.%29@ 3: ( %'.;.4(1 3::94%9b c 2.;9$ ;3'91.*915 23 -(J9 0994 ( 53)46 :(2-9'b (4@ [` 2.;9$ ;3'9 1.*915 23 09 \Fa /3$.2.J9# F4'9$/9%2 3: 2-9.' 0($.% $*.11$A fD /9' %942 -(@ 2-9 "'.2.46 $*.11$ 3: (4 [[ 59(' 31@b c` /9'%942 -(@ 2-9 4);9'(%5 $*.11$ 3: (4 [[ 59(' 31@b `D /9' %942 -(@ 2-9 '9(@.46 $*.11$ 3:(4 [[ 59(' 31@b eD /9' %942 -(@ )$9@ @')6$ 09:3'9 %3;.46 23 /'.$34b eD /9' %942$)::9'9@ :'3; (2 19($2 2"3 ;942(1 @.$3'@9'$b +D /9' %942 3: ;(19 /'.$349'$ -(@/'9J.3)$15 (229;/29@ $).%.@9b (4@ Te /9' %942 3: "3;94 /'.$349'$ -(J9 (229;/29@$).%.@9# d3' 53)469' /'.$349'$ (69@ [fO+D 2-9$9 /'3019;$ ('9 9J94 ;3'9 .4294$9b2-9.' 0($.% $*.11$A '(29$ 3: )49;/135;942 (4@ /'9J.3)$ 19J91$ 3: $%-331 9Q%1)$.34 ('9 (2-.'@ "3'$9 9J94 2-(4 2-3$9 3: 31@9' /'.$349'$ V73%.(1 KQ%1)$.34 I4.2A +DD+h cW#

    [#c ,-9 ($$3%.(2.34$ 092"994 $3;9 3: 2-9$9 *.4@$ 3: $3%.(1 :(%23'$ (4@'9%34J.%2.34 '(29$ "9'9 9Q/13'9@ .4 (4 .;/3'2(42 $2)@5 05 L(5 V[EEEW# Y'(".46 34[EET @(2( %34%9'4.46 3J9' eADDD 3::94@9'$ :'3; $.Q /'30(2.34 ('9($ V.4 K461(4@WAL(5 V[EEEW @9;34$2'(29@ 2-(2 /'3019;$ ".2- @')6 )$9A 9;/135;942 (4@(%%3;;3@(2.34 "9'9 '91(29@ 23 '9%34J.%2.34 .4 (11 $.Q ('9($A 2-(2 2-9'9 "($ ( $.;/19'91(2.34$-./ 092"994 :.4(4%.(1 /'3019;$ (4@ '9%34J.%2.34 .4 $3;9 ('9($A (4@ 2-(23::94@9'$ ".2- ;)12./19 /'3019;$ "9'9 ;3'9 1.*915 23 09 '9%34J.%29@#

    [#e U: %3)'$9A "-.1$2 .2 .$ .;/3'2(42 23 (%*43"19@69 2-9 %3;;34 %-('(%29'.$2.%$

    (4@ -.6- 19J91$ 3: 499@ ".2-.4 2-9 3::94@9' /3/)1(2.34 ($ ( "-319A .2 .$ 9_)(115.;/3'2(42 23 (%*43"19@69 2-9 J('.(2.34$ .4 2-9 499@$A @99@$ (4@ %-('(%29'.$2.%$ 3:

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    15/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [`

    @.::9'942 [email protected].@)(1 3::94@9'$A 3: 2-3$9 "-3 -(J9 @.::9'942 /(229'4$ 3: 3::[email protected] (4@3: 3::94@9'$ $)0&9%2 23 @.::9'942 %3)'2 @.$/3$(1$# ,3 6.J9 349 9Q(;/19A 2-9 1.29'(2)'934 "3;94 "-3 3::94@ $-3"$ 2-(2 "-.19 ;(19 (4@ :9;(19 3::94@9'$ $-('9 ( $92 3:)4.J9'$(1 499@$A 2-9'9 ('9 (1$3 *95 @.::9'94%9$ .4 29';$ 3: 09-(J.3)'(1 .$$)9$A@3;9$2.% 9Q/9%2(2.34$ (4@ '.$* :(%23'$ V8('194A +DD+b L%FJ3'A +DDZb j(/1.4A [EEfW#H-(2 "9 %(4 $(5 ".2- %34:.@94%9 .$ 2-(2 3::94@9'$ $)0&9%2 23 %3;;)4.25 @.$/3$(1$3' $)/9'J.$.34 34 '919($9 :'3; %)$23@5 -(J9 J9'5 -.6- 19J91$ 3: 499@ (4@ 2-(2A $31346 ($ 2-9$9 499@$ '9;(.4 )4;92A 2-95 ('9 1.*915 23 .4%'9($9 2-9 1.*91.-33@ 3: 2-9;09.46 '9%34J.%29@#

    [#f F4 $99*.46 23 L&'4#+/ '93::[email protected] B4@'9"$ (4@ G342( V[EEfh Z+OZTW -(J9('6)9@ 2-(2 2-9 ]G.6 d3)'R '.$* /'9@.%23'$ ('9 (42.$3%.(1 (22.2)@9$ V.4%1)@.46 J(1)9$A091.9:$A '(2.34(1.$(2.34$A %364.2.J9 $2(29$WA (42.$3%.(1 ($$3%.(29$ V.4%1)@.46 /('942$A$.01.46$A /99'$ (4@ 32-9'$WA ( -.$23'5 3: (42.$3%.(1 09-(J.3)' V9('15 .4J31J9;942A-(0.2$A /9'%9/2.34$ 3: %'.;.4(1 (0.1.25WA (4@ (42.$3%.(1 /9'$34(1.25# ,-.$ .$ 432 23 $(52-(2 0'3(@9' $3%.(1 /'3019;$ ('9 432 '919J(42 .4 2-9 6949$.$ 3: 2-9$9 '.$* :(%23'$b'(2-9' .2 .$ 23 $)669$2 2-(2 2-9$9 :(%23'$ ('9 ;3'9 L&,N#>0/' V;9(4.46 .;;9@.(2915'91(29@ 23W 23 3::[email protected] "-9'9($ 2-9 )4@9'15.46 $3%.(1 :(%23'$ ('9 ;3'9 4#1/033F'91(29@ V;9(4.46 19$$ .;;9@.(29b ;3'9 @.$2(42W#

    [#E G)2 ;3J.46 09534@ 2-9 .@942.:.%(2.34 3: '.$* :(%23'$ 2-(2 %3''91(29 ".2-'93::[email protected] $99*.46 23 'NL30#- 13469' (4@ ;3'9 /'3019;(2.% %'.;.4(1 %('99'$ /3$9$%34$.@9'(019 %-(119469$ :3' %'.;.43136.$2$# >9%94215A (;346$2 2-3$9 2-(2 $2.11 $99* 23@9J913/ 6949'(1 2-93'.9$ 3: 3::[email protected] S 2-9 2'94@ -($ 0994 23"('@$ ;)12.O:(%23'.(1;3@91$# ,-)$A :3' 9Q(;/19A d(''.46234 V+DD+W $)669$2$ 2-(2 3::[email protected] .$ 2-9 '9$)12 3:( :3)'O$2(69 /'3%9$$ .4J31J.46 '-'&$#O#-$ V.4 "-.%- ;32.J(2.34$ @9J913/ "-.%- ;(519(@ 23 3::[email protected]#&'+/#-$ V.4 "-.%- ]%'.;.4(1R ;92-3@$ :3' $(2.$:5.46 2-3$9;32.J(2.34$ ;(5 %3;9 23 09 -(0.2)(115 %-3$94Wb #-E#K#/#-$ V.4 "-.%- 091.9:$A J(1)9$(4@ $3%.(1.$(2.34 ;(5 2(*9 9::9%2 23 .4-.0.2 3::[email protected] (4@ 4'+#1#,-8>0P#-$ V.4 "-.%-$.2)(2.34(1 3//3'2)4.2.9$A %(1%)1(2.34$ (03)2 %3$2$ (4@ 0949:.2$A 2-9 $)0&9%2.J9/'30(0.1.2.9$ 3: @.::9'942 3)2%3;9$ 3: 3::[email protected] (4@ $3%.(1 :(%23'$ .4:3'; @9%.$.34$(03)2 3::[email protected]# ,-9 %34$9_)94%9$ 3: 3::[email protected] ;(5 2-94 '9.4:3'%9 (42.O$3%.(1294@94%.9$A (4@ 2-9 $2.6;(2.$(2.34 (4@ 1(0911.46 2-(2 3:294 (%%3;/(4.9$%'.;.4(1.$(2.34 ;(5 (1$3 94%3)'(69 :)'2-9' 3::[email protected] 05 @.;.4.$-.46 2-9 [email protected].@)(1R$/'3$/9%2$ 3: $(2.$:5.46 2-9.' 499@$ (4@ "(42$ 05 196(1 ;9(4$# L3::.22R$ V[EETA [EEeW]2-93'5 3: 3::94@9' 25/9$R V'9J.9"9@ .4 7;.2-A +DD+W .$ (1$3 -.6-15 /9'2.4942b -9'@.$2.4%2.34 092"994 2-9 %'.;.4(1 %('99' 25/9$ 3: ](@319$%94%9O1.;.29@R (4@ ]1.:9O%3)'$9 /9'$.$2942R 3::94@9'$ -($ 0994 "911O9J.@94%9@ .4 '9$9('%- $2)@.9$A 0)2 2-99J.@94%9 :3' -9' '91(29@ %1(.; 2-(2 2-9 +0%1'1 3: 3::[email protected] .4 2-9 2"3 6'3)/$ ('9@.::9'942 .$ ;3'9 %3429$2(019 V$99 7;.2-A +DD+W#

    [#[D ,-3)6- 2-9 "3'* 3: @9J913/;942(1 %'.;.43136.$2$ (4@ 2-3$9 "-3 (@J3%(29 (1.:9O%3)'$9 /9'$/9%2.J9 -($ /'3J.@9@ J9'5 $.64.:.%(42 .4$.6-2$ .423 %'.;.4(1 %('99'$

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    16/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [c

    ".2- $3;9 .;/3'2(42 /31.%5 (4@ /'(%2.%9 .;/1.%(2.34$A %'.2.%(1 %'.;.43136.$2$ "3)1@294@ 23 $)669$2 2-(2 2-9 $9('%- :3' ]'.$* :(%23'$R (4@ ]3::94@9' 25/9$R .$:)4@(;942(115 ;.$%34%9.J9@ .4 2-(2 .2 294@$ 23 /(2-3136.$9 3::[email protected] 05 :3%)$.46 342-9 [email protected].@)(1 3::94@9' ($ 2-9 ;(.4 )4.2 3: (4(15$.$# ,-)$A (12-3)6- @9J913/;942(1/9'$/9%2.J9$ -(J9 )4@9'$%3'9@ 2-9 $.64.:.%(4%9 3: J('.3)$ $3%.3O$2')%2)'(1 :(%23'$A2-95 ;.$@.'9%2 3)' (22942.34 23"('@$ 2-9 [email protected].@)(1O19J91 .;/(%2 3: 2-9$9 :(%23'$A'(2-9' 2-(4 9;/-($.$.46 2-(2 %'.;9A %'.;.4(1.25 (4@ %'.;.4(1.$(2.34 ('9 $3%.(1%34$2')%2$ 63J9'49@ 05 ".@9' 9%343;.%A $2')%2)'(1A %)12)'(1 (4@ /31.2.%(1 :3'%9$# F2 .$.429'9$2.46 23 4329 2-9'9:3'9 2-(2 P()0 (4@ 7(;/$34 V+DDTWA 2"3 /'9O9;.4942:.6)'9$ M#/E#- 2-9 :.91@ 3: @9J913/;942(1 %'.;.431365A -(J9 '9%94215 ('6)9@ J9'5%34J.4%.4615 2-(2 2-9 ]'.$* :(%23' /('(@.6;R 499@$ 23 09 '9%34$.@9'9@# G5 (4(15$.461.:9O-.$23'5 .429'J.9"$ (4@ 32-9' @(2( %34%9'4.46 ( %3-3'2 3: ;94 (69@ $9J9425 34"-3; @(2( -($ 0994 %3119%29@ $.4%9 2-95 "9'9 (69@ $9J94A P()0 (4@ 7(;/$34V+DDTW .11)$2'(29 2-9 ].4-9'942 @.::.%)12.9$ .4 /'9@.%2.46 %'.;9 /'3$/9%2.J915 3J9' 2-91.:9 %3)'$9R V/+EDW# K$$942.(115A 2-9.' (4(15$.$ $-3"$ 2-(2 035$ ".2- J9'5 $.;.1(' '.$*/'3:.19$ 2)'49@ 3)2 23 -(J9 J9'5 @.J9'6942 1.J9$#

    [#[[ ,-9 3J9'(11 %34%1)$.34 3: 2-.$ $9%2.34 ;)$2 09 2-(2 2-9 %-(119469$ 3: '9@)%.46'9O3::[email protected] .4 /'(%2.%9 ('9 J9'5 %34$.@9'(019# ^92 ;3$2 3::94@9'$A .4%1)@.46 ;(45/9'$.$2942 3::94@9'$A 4, 6.J9 )/ %'.;9A @9$/.29 2-9 ;(45 499@$ 2-(2 2-95 -(J9 (4@2-9 ;(45 30$2(%19$ 2-(2 2-95 :(%9# ,-9 :3%)$ 3: 2-9 49Q2 $9%2.34 .$ 34 "-(2 "9 *43"(03)2 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: ]@9$.$2(4%9R :'3; 3::[email protected] (4@ (03)2 -3" 2-.$ *43"19@69;.6-2 09229' .4:3'; /31.%.9$ (4@ /'(%2.%9$ "-.%- (.; 23 '9@)%9 '9O3::[email protected]#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    17/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [e

    DQ @>M"!8%I>MG>B I>M 8@##$!%G>BM"8G8%I>E"

    +#[ >(2-9' 2-(4 @"911.46 34 (92.3136.%(1 _)9$2.34$ (03)2 2-9 %()$9$ 3: 3::[email protected](4@ '93::[email protected] :3' 2-3$9 .429'9$29@ .4 '9@)%.46 '93::[email protected] .2 .$ ('6)(015 ;3'9.;/3'2(42 23 )4@9'$2(4@ 2-9 %-(469 /'3%9$$9$ .4J31J9@ .4 '-4#-$ ,BB'-4#-$ S/'3%9$$9$ 3: Q4'1#1/0-+'R # ,-.$ $9%2.34 (.;$ 23 $);;('.$9 "-(2 .$ *43"4 (03)2 2-9-);(4 /'3%9$$9$ (4@ $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ ".2-.4 "-.%- '9-(0.1.2(2.J9 .429'J942.34$ ('9

    V3' $-3)1@ 09W 9;09@@9@A ($ @9/.%29@ .4"#$%&' 9 "-.%- $)669$2$ 2-(2 $.4%9@9$.$2(4%9 9Q.$2$ .4@9/94@94215 3: .429'J942.34$ 0)2 %(4 09 $)//3'29@ 05 2-9;A "9499@ 23 6'3)4@ 3)' /'3%9$$9$ 3: %($9 ;(4(69;942 .4 )4@9'$2([email protected]$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9b;3'93J9'A "9 499@ 23 6'3)4@ /'36'(;;9 "3'* .4 %($9 ;(4(69;942 /'3%9$$9$#

    "#$%&' 9) S>K'44#-$ T-/'&.'-/#,-1 #- D'1#1/0-+'

    +#+ ,-9 .;/1.%(2.34$ 3: 9;09@@.46 .429'J942.34$ ".2- 3::94@9'$ .4)4@9'$2([email protected]$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9 ('9 /32942.(115 $.64.:.%(42 (4@ :('O'9(%-.46# ?)2 $.;/15A2-9 ('6);942 .$ 2-(2 %'.;.4(1 &)$2.%9 $3%.(1 "3'* $9'J.%9$ 499@ 23 2-.4* 3: 2-9;$91J9$19$$ ($ /'3J.@9'$ 3: %3''9%2.34(1 2'9(2;942 V2-(2 091346$ 23 /'3:9$$.34(1 9Q/9'2$W (4@;3'9 ($ $)//3'29'$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9 /'3%9$$9$ V2-(2 091346 23 @9$.$29'$W# F2 :3113"$ 2-(2

    %-3.%9$ (03)2 2-9 *.4@$ 3: .429'J942.34$ 23 09 )$9@ ".2- (4@ :3' 3::94@9'$ $-3)1@ 090($9@ 34 )4@9'$2([email protected]$ 3: /E'#& [email protected].@)(1 %-(469 /'3%9$$9$ (4@ 3: -3"

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    18/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [f

    /'3:9$$.34(1$ %(4 09$2 $)//3'2 2-9$9 /'3%9$$9$A '(2-9' 2-(4 3::94@9'$ :.22.46 .4 ".2-/'9O@9$.649@ .429'J942.34$ 2-(2 /'3:9$$.34(1$ /'9$%'.09 :3' ]25/9$R 3: 3::94@9'$#

    +#T L(')4( V+DD[W .@942.:.9$ 2-'99 0'3(@ 2-93'92.%(1 /9'$/9%2.J9$ .4 2-9@9$.$2(4%9 1.29'(2)'9h ;(2)'(2.34(1 '9:3';A $3%.(1 034@$ 2-93'5 (4@ 4(''(2.J9 2-93'5b'9$/9%2.J915 2-9$9 /9'$/9%2.J9$ (@@'9$$ -3" @9$.$2(4%9 '91(29$ 23 (69 (4@ ;(2)'.25A23 $3%.(1 2.9$ (4@ $3%.(1 034@$A (4@ 23 %-(46.46 /9'$34(1 [email protected]$# G'.46.46 2-9$9/9'$/9%2.J9$ 23692-9'A d(''(11 V+DD+W $2'9$$9$ 2-9 $.64.:.%(4%9 3: 2-9 '91(2.34$-./$092"994 ]30&9%2.J9R %-(469$ .4 2-9 3::94@9'R$ 1.:9 (4@ -.$ 3' -9' ]$)0&9%2.J9R($$9$$;942 3: 2-9 J(1)9 3' $.64.:.%(4%9 3: 2-9$9 %-(469$h

    ]l 2-9 @9$.$2(4%9 1.29'(2)'9 -($ /3.429@ 23 ( '(469 3: :(%23'$ ($$3%.(29@ ".2-2-9 [email protected] 3: (%2.J9 .4J31J9;942 .4 3::[email protected]# L3$2 3: 2-9$9 :(%23'$ ('9'91(29@ 23 (%_).'.46 m$3;92-.46n V;3$2 %3;;3415 9;/135;942A ( 1.:9 /('249'3' ( :(;.15W "-.%- 2-9 @9$.$29' J(1)9$ .4 $3;9 "(5 (4@ "-.%- .4.2.(29$ ( '9O9J(1)(2.34 3: -.$ 3' -9' 3"4 1.:9lR Vd(''(11A +DD+h [[W#

    +#Z >(2-9' 2-(4 2-9 2-'99 /9'$/9%2.J9$ %3;/92.46 2-9'9:3'9A @9$.$2(4%9 '9$.@9$$3;9"-9'9 .4 2-9 .429':(%9$ 092"994 @9J913/.46 /9'$34(1 ;(2)'.25A %-(46.46 $3%.(1034@$ ($$3%.(29@ ".2- %9'2(.4 1.:9 2'(4$.2.34$A (4@ 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 $)0&9%2.J9 4(''(2.J9%34$2')%2.34$ V3' /9'$34(1 $23'.9$W "-.%- 3::94@9'$ 0).1@ ('3)4@ 2-9$9 *95 9J942$(4@ %-(469$# F2 .$ 432 &)$2 2-9 9J942$ (4@ %-(469$ 2-(2 ;(229'b .2 .$ "-(2 2-9$99J942$ (4@ %-(469$ >'0- 23 2-9 /93/19 .4J31J9@# ,-.$ )4@9'$2([email protected] .;/1.9$ 032-2-(2 @9$.$2(4%9 .$ 432 (4 9J942 V1.*9 09.46 %)'9@ 3: ( @.$9($9W 0)2 ( L&,+'11 (4@ 2-(2V09%()$9 3: 2-9 $)0&9%2.J.2.9$ .4J31J9@W 2-9 /'3%9$$ .$ .49$%(/(015 #-4#.#4%03#1'4J F4$99*.46 23 @9J913/ )4@9'$2([email protected]$ 3: 2-9$9 /'3%9$$9$A L(')4( (4@ d(''(11 V+DDZW$)669$2 2-(2 .2 .$ -91/:)1 23 @.$2.46).$- L>0&F 4'1#1/0-+' V2-9 (%-.9J9;942 3: (43::94%9O:'99 /9'.3@W :'3; 1'+,-40&F 4'1#1/0-+' V(4 )4@9'15.46 %-(469 .4 $91:[email protected]"-9'9.4 2-9 9QO3::94@9' 1(091$ -.; 3' -9'$91: ($ $)%-W#

    +#` F4 9J.@94%.46 J('.(2.34$ .4 /'3%9$$9$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9A 2-9 $3)'%9 @3%);942'9J.9"$ ( '(469 3: 9J.@94%9 (03)2 (69 (4@ 694@9' '91(29@ @.::9'94%9$# ,(*9423692-9'A 2-.$ 9J.@94%9 $99;$ 23 $)669$2 0'3(@15 2-(2 J('.(2.34$ .4 2-9 %'.;.4(1%('99'$ 3: 53)46 "3;94 (4@ 53)46 ;94A /9'-(/$ )4$)'/'.$.4615A '9:19%2 '91(29@@.::9'94%9$ .4 (69O'91(29@ (4@ 694@9'9@ %34$2')%2.34$ 3: [email protected] .4 (@319$%94%9 (4@9('15 (@)12-33@# ,-.$ $)669$2$ 2-9 $.64.:.%(4%9 3: @9J913/;942(1 /'3%9$$9$ 1.4*9@ [email protected] %-(469$ .4 @9$.$2(4%9 V$99 (1$3 L%X9.11 (4@ L(')4(A +DDeWb '9$9('%- "-.%-9Q/13'9$ 3::94@9'$R (22.2)@9$A ;32.J(2.34 (4@ 4(''(2.J9$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9 ;(*9$ 2-9%($9 9J94 ;3'9 %19('15#

    +#e G)'4922R$ V[EE+W .;/3'2(42 $2)@5 3: 9::3'2$ 23 @9$.$2 (;346$2 [TD (@)12

    /'3/9'25 3::94@9'$ '919($9@ :'3; %)$23@5 V$99 (1$3 G)'4922 (4@ L(')4(A +DDZW'9J9(19@ 2-(2 2-3$9 "-3 "9'9 ;3$2 %34:.@942 (4@ 3/2.;.$2.% (03)2 @9$.$2.46 -(@

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    19/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* [E

    6'9(29$2 $)%%9$$ .4 @3.46 $3# d3' 32-9'$A 2-9 ]/'3J.$.34(1 4(2)'9 3: .42942.34$'9:19%29@ $3%.(1 @.::.%)12.9$ (4@ /9'$34(1 /'3019;$ 2-(2 2-9 ;94 :(%9@R VG)'4922A+DDDh [ZW# L3'9 '9%94215 G)'4922 (4@ L(')4( V+DDZW -(J9 "'.2294 /9'$)($.J915(03)2 2-9 '319 3: -3/9 .4 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9 (4@ 9_)(115 .;/3'2(4215 (03)2-3" (@J9'$9 $3%.(1 %.'%);$2(4%9$ %(4 $)::3%(29 -3/9 V$99 (1$3 d(''(11 (4@ 8(1J9'195A+DDcA %-`W#

    +#f G)'4922 4329$ 2-(2 :3' ;3$2 3: 2-9 ;94 .4J31J9@ .4 -9' $2)@5 /'3%9$$9$ 3:@9$.$2(4%9 "9'9 %-('(%29'.$9@ 05 (;0.J(194%9 (4@ J(%.11(2.34# \3"9J9'A 2-9 3J9'O2)'4.46 3: J(1)9 $5$29;$ (4@ (11 /'9O3%%)/5.46 49" .429'9$2$ 2-(2 %-('(%29'.$9@ 2-9;3$2 $)%%9$$:)1 @9$.$29'$ $99; 23 .;/15 2-9 *.4@ 3: [email protected] %-(469$ .4J3*9@ .4 2-9432.34 3: $9%34@('5 @9$.$2(4%9#

    +#E L(')4(R$ V+DD[W $2)@5 3::9'$ ( /('2.%)1('15 .;/3'2(42 %342'.0)2.34 23)4@9'$2([email protected] $9%34@('5 @9$.$2(4%9 05 9Q/13'.46 2-9 $)0&9%2.J9 @.;94$.34$ 3:%-(469# L(')4( %3;/('9@ 2-9 4(''(2.J9 ]$%'./2$R 3: +D /9'$.$29'$ (4@ TD @9$.$29'$"-3 $-('9@ $.;.1(' %'.;.43694.% 2'(.2$ (4@ 0(%*6'3)4@$ (4@ "-3 1.J9@ .4 $.;.1('15%'.;.43694.% 94J.'34;942$# ,-9 /9'$.$29'$R ]%34@9;4(2.34 $%'./2R 9J.@94%9@ (:(2(1.$2.% V.: '9(1.$2.%W (%%3)42 3: 2-9.' /'3$/9%2$ :3' 19(@.46 @.::9'942 1.J9$# G5%342'($2A 2-9 (%%3)42$ 3: 2-9 @9$.$29'$ '9J9(19@ ( @.::9'942 4(''(2.J9h

    ],-9 '9@9;/2.34 $%'./2 096.4$ 05 9$2(01.$-.46 2-9 633@49$$ (4@%34J942.34(1.25 3: 2-9 4(''(23' S ( J.%2.; 3: $3%.925 "-3 692$ .4J31J9@ ".2-%'.;9 (4@ @')6$ 23 (%-.9J9 $3;9 $3'2 3: /3"9' 3J9' 32-9'".$9 019(*%.'%);$2(4%9$# ,-.$ @9J.(4%9 9J942)(115 09%3;9$ .2$ 3"4 2'(/A -3"9J9'A ($2-9 4(''(23' 09%3;9$ 94$4('9@ .4 2-9 J.%.3)$ %5%19 3: %'.;9 (4@.;/'.$34;942# ^92A ".2- 2-9 -91/ 3: $3;9 3)2$.@9 :3'%9A $3;9349 "-3m091.9J9@ .4n 2-9 9QO3::94@9'A 2-9 4(''(23' .$ (019 23 (%%3;/1.$- "-(2 -9 3'$-9 "($ m(1"(5$ ;9(42 23 @3n# X9"15 9;/3"9'9@A -9 3' $-9 43" $99*$ 23m6.J9 $3;92-.46 0(%*n 23 $3%.925 ($ ( @.$/1(5 3: 6'(2.2)@9R VL(')4(A +DD[hfeW#

    +#[D F4 2-9.' (%%3)42$ 3: (%-.9J.46 %-(469A 2-9'9 .$ 9J.@94%9 2-(2 @9$.$29'$ -(J9 23]@.$%3J9'R (694%5 V2-9 (0.1.25 23 ;(*9 %-3.%9$ (4@ 63J9'4 2-9.' 3"4 1.J9$W .4 3'@9' 23'9$.$2 (4@ 3J9'%3;9 2-9 %'.;.43694.% $2')%2)'(1 /'9$$)'9$ 2-(2 /1(5 )/34 2-9;# ,-.$@.$%3J9'5 3: (694%5 $99;$ 23 '91(29 23 2-9 '319 3: $.64.:.%(42 32-9'$ .4 94J.$.34.46 (4(129'4(2.J9 [email protected] (4@ (4 (129'4(2.J9 :)2)'9 :3' 2-9 3::94@9' 9J94 2-'3)6- /9'.3@$"-94 2-95 %(4432 $99 2-9$9 /3$$.0.1.2.9$ :3' 2-9;$91J9$# ,5/.%(115 1(29' .4 2-9/'3%9$$ 3: %-(469A .4J31J9;942 .4 ]6949'(2.J9 (%2.J.2.9$R V"-.%- )$)(115 ;(*9 (%342'.0)2.34 23 2-9 "911O09.46 3: 32-9'$W /1(5$ ( /('2 .4 29$2.:5.46 23 2-9 @9$.$29' 2-(2(4 (129'4(2.J9 ](6942.%R [email protected] .$ 09.46 3' -($ 0994 :3'69@ V$99 L%X9.11 (4@ L(')4(A

    +DDeW#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    20/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +D

    +#[[ ,-9 .;/1.%(2.34$ :3' /'(%2.%9 3: 2-.$ @9J913/.46 9J.@94%9 0($9 -(J9 096)4 2309 9Q/13'9@ .4 ( $;(11 4);09' 3: '9$9('%- $2)@.9$ 2-(2 -(J9 :3%)$$9@ 34 2-9 '3192-(2 /'30(2.34 3' $3%.(1 "3'* ;(5 /1(5 .4 $)//3'2.46 @9$.$2(4%9# F4 349 $2)@5 3:]($$.$29@ @9$.$2(4%9RA >9Q V[EEEW 9Q/13'9@ 2-9 9Q/9'.94%9$ 3: cD /'30(2.349'$# 7-9:3)4@ 2-(2 2-3$9 "-3 (22'.0)29@ %-(469$ .4 2-9.' 09-(J.3)' 23 /'30(2.34 $)/9'J.$.34@9$%'.09@ .2 ($ (%2.J9 (4@ /('2.%./(23'5# ?'30(2.349'$R %3;;.2;942$ 23 @9$.$2(//9('9@ 23 09 6949'(29@ 05 2-9 /9'$34(1 (4@ /'3:9$$.34(1 %3;;.2;942 $-3"4 052-9.' /'30(2.34 3::.%9'$A "-3$9 '9($34(01949$$A :(.'49$$A (4@ 94%3)'(69;942$99;9@ 23 94694@9' ( $94$9 3: /9'$34(1 135(125 (4@ (%%3)42(0.1.25# ?'30(2.349'$.429'/'929@ (@J.%9 (03)2 2-9.' 09-(J.3)'$ (4@ )4@9'15.46 /'3019;$ ($ 9J.@94%9 3:%34%9'4 :3' 2-9; ($ /93/19A (4@ ]"9'9 ;32.J(29@ 05 "-(2 2-95 $(" ($ ( @.$/1(5 3:.429'9$2 .4 2-9.' "911O09.46R V>9QA [EEEh Te`W# 7)%- 9J.@94%9 '9$34(29$ ".2- 32-9'('6);942$ (03)2 2-9 /.J32(1 '319 2-(2 '91(2.34$-./$ /1(5 .4 9::9%2.J9 .429'J942.34$VG(''5A +DDDb G)'4922A +DDZb G)'4922 (4@ L%X9.11A +DD`b L%X9.11 92 (1#A +DD`W#

    +#[+ \3"9J9'A "3'*9'$ (4@ "3'*.46 '91(2.34$-./$ ('9 49.2-9' 2-9 3415 43' 2-9;3$2 .;/3'2(42 '9$3)'%9$ .4 /'3;32.46 @9$.$2(4%9# >91(29@ $2)@.9$ 3: 53)46 /93/19.4 2'3)019 $)669$2 2-(2 2-9.' 3"4 '9$3)'%9$ (4@ $3%.(1 492"3'*$ ('9 3:294 09229' (2'9$31J.46 2-9.' @.::.%)12.9$ 2-(4 /'3:9$$.34(1 $2(:: V\.11A [EEEW# ,-9 /32942.(1 3: $3%.(1492"3'*$ .$ -.6-1.6-29@ 05 ]'9$.1.94%9 /9'$/9%2.J9$R "-.%-A .4 %342'($2 ".2-(//'3(%-9$ 2-(2 @"911 34 '.$*$ (4@i3' 499@$A %34$.@9' 2-9 ]/'329%2.J9 :(%23'$ (4@

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email protected].@)(1 (4@ ( $3%.(1 492"3'* 19J91 S .4 3'@9' 230).1@ (4@ $)$2(.4 2-9 ;3;942); :3' %-(469#

    +#[T F4 133*.46 23"('@$ 2-9$9 /9'$34(1 (4@ $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9A 2-9 ;3$2'9%942 (4@ /9'-(/$ ;3$2 ".@9O$%(19 $2)@5 3: /'30(2.34 (4@ @9$.$2(4%9 Vd(''(11A+DD+W 9Q/13'9@ 2-9 /'36'9$$ 3' 1(%* 3: /'36'9$$ 23"('@$ @9$.$2(4%9 (%-.9J9@ 05 (6'3)/ 3: [EE /'30(2.349'$# ,-3)6- 3J9' -(1: 3: 2-9 $(;/19 9J.@94%9@ /'36'9$$23"('@$ @9$.$2(4%9A d(''(11 :3)4@ 2-(2 @9$.$2(4%9 %3)1@ 09 (22'.0)29@ 23 $/9%.:.%.429'J942.34$ 05 2-9 /'30(2.34 3::.%9' .4 3415 ( :9" %($9$A (12-3)6- -91/ ".2- :[email protected]"3'* (4@ ;[email protected] @(;(69@ :(;.15 '91(2.34$-./$ (//9('9@ /('2.%)1('15 .;/3'2(42#Y9$.$2(4%9 $99;9@ 23 '91(29 ;3'9 %19('15 23 2-9 /'30(2.349'$R ;32.J(2.34$ (4@ 232-9 $3%.(1 (4@ /9'$34(1 %3429Q2$ .4 "-.%- J('.3)$ 30$2(%19$ 23 @9$.$2(4%9 "9'9(@@'9$$9@#

    +#[Z d(''(11 V+DD+W 639$ 34 23 ('6)9 2-(2 .429'J942.34$ ;)$2 /(5 6'9(29' -99@ 232-9 %3;;)4.25A $3%.(1 (4@ /9'$34(1 %3429Q2$ .4 "-.%- 2-95 ('9 $.2)(29@ V$99 (1$3

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    21/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +[

    L%8)113%-A +DD`W# B:29' (11A ]$3%.(1 %.'%);$2(4%9$ (4@ '91(2.34$-./$ ".2- 32-9'$ ('9032- 2-9 30&9%2 3: 2-9 .429'J942.34 (4@ 2-9 ;9@.); 2-'3)6- "-.%-l %-(469 %(4 09(%-.9J9@R Vd(''(11A +DD+h +[+W# X9%9$$('.15A 2-.$ '9_).'9$ 2-(2 .429'J942.34$ 09:3%)$$9@ 432 $31915 34 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 /9'$34 (4@ -.$ 3' -9' /9'%9.J9@ ]@9:.%.2$R# B$d(''(11 V+DD+W 4329$A 2-9 /'3019; ".2- $)%- .429'J942.34$ .$ 2-(2 "-.19 2-95 %(4 0).1@-);(4 %(/.2(1A :3' 9Q(;/19A .4 29';$ 3: 94-(4%9@ %364.2.J9 $*.11$ 3' .;/'3J9@9;/135(0.1.25A 2-95 %(4432 6949'(29 2-9 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 "-.%- '9$.@9$ .4 2-9'91(2.34$-./$ 2-'3)6- "-.%- "9 (%-.9J9 /('2.%./(2.34 (4@ .4%1)$.34 .4 $3%.925 T#a.2(115A @9J913/.46 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 .$ 49%9$$('5 23 94%3)'(69 @9$.$2(4%9# F2 .$ 432943)6- 23 0).1@ %(/(%.2.9$ :3' %-(469 "-9'9 %-(469 @9/94@$ 34 3//3'2)4.2.9$ 239Q9'%.$9 %(/(%.2.9$#

    +#[` ,-9 $2'9$$ .4 2-9 @9$.$2(4%9 1.29'(2)'9 34 2-9 .429'/1(5 092"994 [email protected].@)(1%(/(%.2.9$ (4@ $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ .$ 032- '9;.4.$%942 3: (4@ %34$.$2942 ".2- 2-9]'9$/34$.0.1.25 ;3@91R V?(29'$34 (4@ ,3;0$A [EEfW )4@9'15.46 2-9 7%322.$- 4(2.34(1$2(4@('@$# ,-(2 ;3@91 "($ ]/'9;.$9@ 34 2-9 J.9" 2-(2A 2-'3)6- $3%.(1 "3'*.429'J942.34 "-.%- /'3;329$ [email protected].@)(1 '9$/34$.0.1.25 :3' 09-(J.3)' 23692-9' ".2-$3%.(1 '9$/34$.0.1.25 :3' (119J.(2.46 (@J9'$9 %.'%);$2(4%9A 3::[email protected] ".11 09@.$%3)'(69@R V?(29'$34 (4@ ,3;0$A [EEfh EW#

    +#[c F4 ( '9%942 /(/9'A 2-9 ;(29'.(1 /'9$9429@ .4 2-.$ $9%2.34 -($ 0994 )$9@ 23

    /'3/3$9 ( @9$.$2(4%9 /('(@.6; :3' ]3::94@9' ;(4(69;942R VL%X9.11A +DDcW "-.%- .$$);;('.$9@ .4 d.6)'9 T 0913"# ,-9 @9$.$2(4%9 /('(@.6; @91.09'(2915 :3'9:'342$/'3%9$$9$ 3: %-(469 '(2-9' 2-(4 ;3@9$ 3: .429'J942.34b .2 096.4$ 432 ".2- "-(2 2-9$5$29; 3' 2-9 "3'*9' @39$ ".2- 2-9 3::94@9'A 0)2 ".2- "-(2 2-9 3::94@9' -.; 3'-9'$91: .$ 9Q/9'.94%.46# ?'(%2.%9 )4@9' 2-9 @9$.$2(4%9 /('(@.6; "3)1@ %9'2(.415(%%3;;3@(29 .429'J942.34 23 ;992 499@$A '9@)%9 '.$*$ (4@ V9$/9%.(115W 23 @9J913/(4@ 9Q/13.2 $2'9462-$# B 49%9$$('5 /'9%)'$3' 3: $)%- (%2.J.25 -3"9J9' "3)1@ 09"3'*.46 3)2A 34 (4 [email protected].@)(1 0($.$A -3" 2-9 @9$.$2(4%9 /'3%9$$ ;.6-2 09$2 09/'3;/29@ (4@ $)//3'29@# ,-.$ "3)1@ '9_).'9 2-9 "3'*9' 23 (%2 ($ (4 (@J3%(29/'[email protected] ( %34@).2 23 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 ($ "911 ($ ( ]2'9(2;942R /'3J.@9' 0)[email protected] -);(4%(/.2(1# ,-9 :3';$ 3: 946(69;942 '9_).'9@ 05 2-9 /('(@.6; "3)1@ '9O.4$2(29 (4@/1(%9 ( -.6- /'9;.); 34 %311(03'(2.34 (4@ .4J31J9;942 .4 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: %3O@9$.64.46 .429'J942.34$# 8'.2.%(115A $)%- .429'J942.34$ "3)1@ 432 09 %34%9'49@ $31915".2- 2-9 /'9J942.34 3: :)'2-9' 3::[email protected] 2-95 "3)1@ 09 9_)(115 %34%9'49@ ".2-%34$2')%2.J915 (@@'9$$.46 2-9 -(';$ %()$9@ 05 %'.;9 05 94%3)'(6.46 3::94@9'$ 23;(*9 633@ 2-'3)6- '9$23'(2.J9 /'3%9$$9$ (4@ %3;;)4.25 $9'J.%9 V.4 2-9 0'3(@9$2$94$9W# G)2A ($ ( ;3'(115 (4@ /'(%2.%(115 49%9$$('5 %3'311('5A 2-95 "3)1@ 09 43 19$$/'93%%)/.9@ ".2- ;(*.46 633@ 23 3::94@9'$ 05 94(01.46 2-9; 23 (%-.9J9 .4%1)$.34

    T Significantly, Boeck et al.s (2004) emerging findings suggest that bridging social capital in particular

    (which facilitates social mobility) seems to be limited amongst those young people in their study involvedin offending, leaving them ill-equipped to successfully navigate risk.

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    22/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* ++

    (4@ /('2.%./(2.34 .4 $3%.925 V(4@ ".2- .2 2-9 /'36'9$$.J9 (4@ /3$.2.J9 '9:'(;.46 3:2-9.' [email protected]$ '9_).'9@ 23 $)$2(.4 @9$.$2(4%9W#

    "#$%&' I) UE' 4'1#1/0-+' L0&04#$>

    I M20504-732 #-.-/5

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    23/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +T

    RQ E@!!">% =$M"L8 $; $;;">M"!!"HIPGLG%I%G$>

    T#[ ,-3)6- ('6);942$ (03)2 ( @9$.$2(4%9 /('(@.6; (@@'9$$ .;/3'2(42 .$$)9$(03)2 2-9 0($.% 3'.942(2.34 3: /'(%2.%9 (4@ (03)2 (//'3(%-9$ 23 ($$9$$;942 ([email protected]'J942.34A 2-95 @3 432A ($ 592A (;3)42 23 ( :)115 @9J913/9@ 2-93'5 3: 3::94@9''9-(0.1.2(2.34 V192 (1349 ( %3;/'9-94$.J9 6).@9 23 /'(%2.%9W# F4 (4 .;/3'2(42 '9%942033*A H('@ (4@ L(')4( V+DDeW -(J9 3)21.49@ 2-9 '9_).'9@ 919;942$ 3: (45 $)%-

    2-93'5# F2 $-3)1@ 3::9'h

    B# B $92 3: 6949'(1 /'.4%./19$ (4@ ($$);/2.34$ 2-(2 $/9%.:.9$ 2-9 J(1)9$ ([email protected]"$ 2-(2 )4@9'1.9 '9-(0.1.2(2.34 /'(%2.%9 (4@ 2-9 *.4@ 3: 3J9'(11 (.;$ :3'"-.%- /'(%2.2.349'$ $-3)1@ 09 $2'.J.46

    G# B92.3136.%(1 ($$);/2.34$ 2-(2 $9'J9 23 9Q/1(.4 3::[email protected] (4@ .@942.:5 .2$:)4%2.34$A (2 19($2 .4 ( 6949'(1 $94$9

    8# ,-9 .429'J942.34 .;/1.%(2.34$ 3: 032- B (4@ G

    %Z2 !50[\>22/0\!20:+705654A =+/2?T#+ I$.46 2-.$ :'(;9"3'*A H('@ (4@ L(')4( V+DDe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

    3: 3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 .4 B4613/-349 &)'.$@.%2.34$ :3' 2-9 1($2 2"3 @9%(@9$# ,-9.'033* (1$3 @9J913/$ 2-9 %($9 :3' ( @.$2.4%2.J9 0)2 V2-95 ('6)9W %3;/19;942('5(//'3(%- 23 3::94@9' '9-(0.1.2(2.34A *43"4 ($ 2-9 M33@ P.J9$ L3@91 VMPLW# ,-3)6-;)%- -($ 0994 "'.2294 (03)2 032- ;3@91$ V9$/9%.(115 >X>WA 09%()$9 H('@ (4@L(')4(R$ V+DDeW @9J913/;942 (4@ (//1.%(2.34 3: 2-9 BG8 (4(152.%(1 :'(;9"3'*@.$%)$$9@ (03J9 :(%.1.2(29$ %3;/('.$34 3: 2-9 2"3 ;3@91$A 2-.$ $9%2.34 @'("$/'.;('.15 34 2-9.' (4(15$.$#

    T#T ,-3)6- .2 .$ @.::.%)12 23 @3 &)$2.%9 23 >X> .4 :)'2-9' $);;('.$.46 H('@ (4@L(')4(R$ (%%3)42 3: "-(2 .$ ( %3;/19Q $92 3: .429'O'91(29@ 2-93'.9$ (03)2 %'.;9A

    3::[email protected] (4@ '9-(0.1.2(2.34A 2-9.' @9$%'./2.34 3: >X> .$ 0($.%(115 ($ :3113"$#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    24/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +Z

    B#

    B272.-? #.5735:?20T d.'$215A 2-9 0($.% /)'/3$9 3: '9-(0.1.2(2.34 .$ 23 '9@)%9 2-9-(';$ 23 2-9 /)01.% %()$9@ 05 %'.;9# 834$.@9'(2.34$ 3: 2-9 3::94@9'R$ "91:('9('9 196.2.;(29 0)2 $9%34@('5# 79%34@15A [email protected].@)(1$ J('5 .4 2-9.' /'3/94$.25 23%3;;.2 %'.;9$A $3 2'9(2;942 $-3)1@ 2('692 2-3$9 :(%23'$ 2-(2 ('9 ($$3%.(29@".2- 3::[email protected]# ,-.'@15A 2-9 ;3$2 .;/3'2(42 2'9(2;942 2('692$ ('9 2-3$9 2-(2-(J9 0994 9;/.'.%(115 @9;34$2'(29@ 23 '9@)%9 '9%[email protected].$;#

    G# I245+?+X> .$ '9/3'[email protected] ;3'9 @92(.1 .4 2-9 $3)'%9 @3%);942# U415 2-9 *95 ;9$$(69$ ('9 $);;('.$9@ -9'9h

    ! >X> .$ J(6)9 (03)2 J(1)9$ (4@ %3'9 /'.4%./19$ V09534@ ( %3;;.2;94223 9;/.'.%.$;W#

    ! F2 :(.1$ 23 2(*9 (%%3)42 3: 2-9 $)0&9%2.J9 (4@ J(1)9O1(@94 4(2)'9 3:%34%9/2$ 1.*9 ]'.$*R (4@ ]-(';RA '9%($2.46 ]499@$R ($ ]@54(;.% '.$*

    :(%23'$Rb .2 %34%9/2)(1.$9$ '.$* .4 ( -.6-15 [email protected].@)(1.$9@ "(5 19(@.46 233::94@9'$ 09.46 %34$2')9@ 9$$942.(115 ($ 2-9 09('9'$ 3: '.$*A .''9$/9%2.J9

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    25/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +`

    3: 2-9 $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ "-.%- /'3:3)4@15 (::9%2 "-92-9' 3' 432 (4@ .4"-(2 "(5$ ]'.$*.49$$R .$ 9J9' '9(1.$9@#

    ! B ;3'9 /'(%2.%(1 /'3019; ".2- >X>R$ :3%)$ 34 '.$* (4@ -('; .$ 2-(2 05:3%)$.46 34 2-9 /)01.% .429'9$2A .2 49619%2$ %'.2.%(1 _)9$2.34$ ('3)4@3::94@9' ;32.J(2.34#

    ! ,-9 4(''3" :3%)$ 34 '.$* (4@ %'.;.43694.% 499@ (1$3 19(@$ 23 ( 49619%23: 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 ($ ( "-319 (4@ -.$ 3' -9' $91:[email protected] @9$/.29 2-9 :(%22-(2 /9'$34(1.25 /$5%-3136.$2$ 43" $2'9$$ 2-9 .;/3'2(4%9 3: ]/9'$34(1$2'.J.46$R (4@ ]$91:O4(''(2.J9$R ($ "911 ($ 2-9 ]2'(.2$R 34 "-.%- >X>:3%)$9$#

    ! >X> -($ :3%)$9@ 34 9$2(01.$-.46 2-9 %3J('.(29$ 3: 3::[email protected] V(4@ 3:'9@)%9@ 3::[email protected] .4 6949'(1 23 .@942.:5 2'9(2;942 2('692$A .2 -($ 432'9(115 'NL30#-'4 2-9 '91(2.34$-./$ 092"994 '.$* (4@ 499@ :(%23'$ (4@3::[email protected]#

    ! >X> -($ $.64.:.%(42 $2'9462-$ (4@ "9(*49$$9$ ($ ( /'(%2.%9 2-93'5b9;/.'.%(1 $)//3'2 :3' 2-9 '.$* /'.4%./19 -($ 0994 ;3@9'(29 0)2 2-9'9 .$$2'3469' $)//3'2 :3' 2-9 %'.;.43694.% 499@ /'.4%./19# H.2- '9$/9%2 23'9$/34$.J.25A H('@ (4@ L(')4( V+DDeW ('6)9 2-(2 "-.1$2 2-9 432.34 3:$'-'&03 &'1L,-1#.#/F V%34%9'4.46 "-.%- :3';$ 3: 2'9(2;942 294@ 23 $).23::94@9'$ 09$2W -($ '9%9.J9@ %34$.@9'(019 (22942.34 V/'3@)%.46 ;)%-$)//3'2 .4 6949'(1 :3' 2-9 )$9 3: %364.2.J9 09-(J.3)'(1 ;92-3@$WA_)9$2.34$ 3: #-4#.#4%03 &'1L,-1#.#/F V%34%9'4.46 [email protected].@)(1%-('(%29'.$2.%$ "-.%- (::9%2 $)%%9$$:)1 946(69;942 ".2- .429'J942.34W'9_).'9 ;)%- :)'2-9' 9Q(;.4(2.34#

    T#` UJ9'(11A H('@ (4@ L(')4( V+DDeW %34%1)@9 2-(2 2-9'9 .$ 9J.@94%9 2-(23::94@9'$ 2'9(29@ (%%3'@.46 23 >X> /'.4%./19$ ('9 ;3'9 1.*915 23 @9$.$2A 0)2 2-95 (1$3'9/3'2 2-9 :[email protected]$ 3: 4);9'3)$ "-(2 "3'*$ .;/19;942(2.34 $2)@.9$ V3'/'36'(;;9$ 0($9@ 34 >X>W 2-(2 /3.42 23 /'3019;$ (4@ :(.1.46$# 73;9 3: 2-9$9$2)@.9$ ('9 '9/3'29@ 0913"b -9'9A .2 .$ $)::.%.942 23 4329 2-(2 H('@ (4@ L(')4(V+DDeW $)669$2 2-(2 .2 ;(5 09 432 2-(2 >X> .$ (2 :()12 .4 2('692.46 '.$*A 499@ (4@'9$/34$.J.25A 0)2 '(2-9' 2-(2 2-9 2('692.46 3: '.$* ;(5 09 ( -'+'110&F 0)2 432 (1%BB#+#'-/%[email protected] :3' '9@)%.46 '93::[email protected]# ,-95 $)669$2 2-(2 23 (%%3;;3@(29@.::9'94%9$ (;346$2 3::94@9'$ ( $/9%.:.% %($9 :3';)1(2.34 .$ '9_).'9@A '(2-9' 2-(4233 6949'(1.$9@ (4 (//1.%(2.34 3: 2-9 /'.4%./19$# ?('2 3: 2-9 2($* 3: :3';)1(2.34 .$ 432

    &)$2 23 .@942.:5 '.$* (4@ 499@$A 0)2 23 "3'* 3)2A %($9O05O%($9A -3" '.$*$ (4@ 499@$.429'(%2 23 .4:1)94%9 3::[email protected] .4 $/9%.:.% %3429Q2$ (4@A :'3; $)%- (4 )4@9'$2([email protected]" '.$*$ (4@ 499@$ %(4 09 09$2 (@@'9$$9@#

    T#c d.4(115A H('@ (4@ L(')4( V+DDeW ('6)9 2-(2 >X> :(.1$ 23 (2294@ (@9_)(2915 23*95 ]2'9(2;942R 2($*$ %34%9'4.46 @9J913/.46 ( ]2-9'(/9)2.% (11.(4%9R 092"994 2-9

    3::94@9' (4@ 2-9 /'(%2.2.349'A (4@A ;3'9 6949'(115 23 .$$)9$ 3: ;32.J(2.34# ,-95/3.42 23 9J.@94%9 2-(2 3::94@9'$ ('9 ;3'9 ;32.J(29@ 05 :3%)$.46 34 0LL&,0+E $,031

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    26/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +c

    V/'3;32.46 633@$ 3' /9'$34(115 94@3'$9@ (@(/2.J9 63(1$W '(2-9' 2-(4 0.,#40-+'$,031 V9$$942.(115 432 @3.46 $3;92-.46W VL(44 '/ 03J A +DDZW# ,-)$ :3%)$.46 3415 34'.$* (4@ %'.;.43694.% 499@ ;(5 09 %3)429'O/'3@)%2.J9 )419$$ 32-9' ;92-3@$ 23(%-.9J9 63(1$ ('9 @9J913/9@# d)'2-9';3'9A (12-3)6- .2 ;(5 09 %3''9%2 2-(2 2('692.46%'.;.43694.% 499@ .$ ;3'9 9::9%2.J9 .4 '9@)%.46 '93::[email protected] .2 ;.6-2 43492-919$$ 092-9 %($9 2-(2 2('692.46 434O%'.;.43694.% 499@ .$ $3;92.;9$ ( 49%9$$('5 /'9%)'$3' 3:@3.46 $3b 3::94@9'$ 499@ 23 09 '9%9/2.J9 (4@ (22942.J9 23 .429'J942.34$ (4@ ;(5 43209 $3 .: 0($.% 499@$ ('9 432 09.46 9::9%2.J915 (@@'9$$9@#

    %Z2 B++/ L5620 =+/2?

    T#e F4 %3;/('.$34 23 >X>A 2-9 MPL '9/'9$942$ ( '91(2.J915 '9%942 @9J913/;942 .42-9 :.91@ 3: 3::94@9' '9-(0.1.2(2.34 VH('@ (4@ G'3"4A +DDZb H('@ (4@ L('$-(11A+DDZb H('@ (4@ M(4434A +DDcb H('@A M(4434 (4@ L(44A +DDeW# F2 @'("$ 34 2-9@9J913/.46 :.91@ 3: ]/3$.2.J9 /$5%-31365R 23 3::9' ( $2'9462-$O0($9@ (//'3(%- 23'9-(0.1.2(2.34# F4 $922.46 3)2 2-9

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    27/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +e

    2-'3)6- %'.;.4(1 (%2.J.25# ,-9 .4@.'9%2 '3)29 '9:9'$ 23 $.2)(2.34$ "-9'9 2-9 /)'$).2 3:( %9'2(.4 633@ -($ %34$9_)94%9$ 2-(2 .4%'9($9 2-9 /'9$$)'9 23 3::94@b :3' 9Q(;/19A"-9'9 2-9 )$9 3: (1%3-31 23 '91.9J9 9;32.34(1 /'9$$)'9 19(@$ 23 ( 13$$ 3: %342'31 .4/('2.%)1(' %.'%);$2(4%9$# F4 2-9 MPL %'.;.43694.% 499@$ ('9 09$2 )4@9'$233@ ($.429'4(1 3' 9Q29'4(1 30$2(%19$ 23 2-9 (%_).$.2.34 3: /'.;('5 -);(4 633@$#

    T#[D F4 2-9 :.-34532 Y+/2? ]E^ 2-(2 @9J913/$ :'3; 2-9$9 /'.4%./19$ (4@($$);/2.34$A 2-9 /'(%2.2.349' ;)$2 0(1(4%9 2-9 /'3;32.34 3: /9'$34(1 633@$ V:3' 2-93::94@9'W ".2- 2-9 '9@)%2.34 3: '.$* V:3' $3%.925W# ,33 $2'346 ( :3%)$ 34 /9'$34(1633@$ ;(5 /'3@)%9 ( -(//5 0)2 @(469'3)$ 3::94@9'b 0)2 9_)(115 233 $2'346 ( :3%)$34 '.$* ;(5 /'3@)%9 ( @(469'3)$15 @9:.(42 3' @.$946(69@ 3::94@9'# ,-9 /'(%2.2.349'-($ 23 %'9(29 ( -);(4 '91(2.34$-./ .4 "-.%- 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 3::94@9' .$ J(1)9@ (4@'9$/9%29@ (4@ 2-'3)6- "-.%- .429'J942.34$ %(4 09 /'3/9'15 2(.13'9@ .4 1.49 ".2-/('2.%)1(' 1.:9 /1(4$ (4@ 2-9.' ($$3%.(29@ '.$* :(%23'$# 73A (12-3)6- ($ ".2- >X>.429'J942.34$ $-3)1@ 09 $2')%2)'9@ (4@ $5$29;(2.%A 2-95 $-3)1@ (1$3 09 $-(/9@ 23$).2 2-9 /9'$34 .4 _)9$2.34# ,-9 1(46)(69 )$9@ 05 2-9 /'(%2.2.349' (4@ 2-9.' (694%5$-3)1@ 09 ]:)2)'9O3'.9429@A 3/2.;.$2.% (4@ (//'3(%- 63(1 :3%)$9@R VH('@ (4@L(')4(A +DDeh [+eW .4 3'@9' 23 :3$29' ;32.J(2.34#

    T#[[ F4 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: ($$9$$;942A H('@ (4@ L(')4( V+DDeW $)669$2 2-(2 ($ "911($ (@@'9$$.46 '.$*A 499@$ (4@ '9$/34$.J.25A /'(%2.2.349'$ $-3)1@ (1$3 ($$9$$ [email protected].@)(1R$ L,/#'1 S 2-9.' 3"4 63(1$A 1.:9 /'.3'.2.9$ (4@ 2-9.' (.;$ :3' 2-9.429'J942.34# ,-.$ '9_).'9$ (4(15$.46 2-9 *.4@$ 3: /'.3'.2.9$ .;/1.%.2 .4 2-9.' /(229'4$3: 3::[email protected] (4@ (1$3 ($*.46 2-9 /9'$34 @.'9%215 (03)2 "-(2 $i-9 J(1)9$ (4@ "-9'9$i-9 /1(%9$ -9' 9::3'2$ (4@ 949'6.9$# B ;3'9 %3;/'9-94$.J9 ($$9$$;942 3: ([email protected].@)(1R$ /32942.(1 :3' (%-.9J.46 ( 633@ 1.:9 .4J31J9$ 9Q/13'.46h

    ! H-92-9' 2-9'9 .$ '9$2'.%29@ $%3/9 :3' ;992.46 $3;9 /'.;('5 633@$ /9'-(/$09%()$9 3: (4 )4@)9 :3%)$ 34 32-9'$

    ! H-92-9' $3;9 633@$ ('9 09.46 /)'$)9@ 2-'3)6- .4(//'3/'.(29 ;9(4$! H-92-9' 2-9'9 .$ %34:1.%2 092"994 2-9 [email protected].@)(1R$ 63(1$! H-92-9' 2-9 /9'$34 -($ 2-9 %(/(%.25 3' %(/(0.1.2.9$ 23 94(%2 2-9.' 1.:9 /1(4

    (4@ (%-.9J9 2-9.' 63(1$

    T#[+ [email protected].@)(1 %($9 :3';)1(2.34 /'3%99@$ 05 9Q/13'.46 /'9$942.46 /'3019;$ (4@%'.;.43694.% 499@$ (4@ 2-94 05 9$2(01.$-.46 2-9 :)4%2.34 3: 2-9 3::[email protected] S 2-(2 .$A2-9 /'.;('5 -);(4 633@$ 23 "-.%- .2 @.'9%215 3' .4@.'9%215 '91(29$# U4%9 2-9 '9($34$:3' 3::[email protected] 2-9 19J91 3: '.$* (4@ 2-9 :1("$ .4 2-9 [email protected].@)(1R$ 1.:9 /1(4 -(J9 0994)4@9'$233@A 2-9 /'(%2.2.349' $-3)1@ .@942.:5 2-9.' $2'9462-$A /3$.2.J9 9Q/9'.94%9$ (4@9Q/9'2.$9# X9Q2A 2-9 9::3'2 $-.:2$ 23 9Q/13'.46 /'.;('5 (4@ $9%34@('5 633@$ (4@ -3"2-95 ;.6-2 09 09229' ;92# ,-9'9 $-3)1@ 2-94 :3113" $3;9 %34$.@9'(2.34 3: 2-9

    [email protected].@)(1R$ 94J.'34;942 (4@ .2$ 1.*915 .;/(%2 34 2-9.' 1.:9 /1(4A 09:3'9 .4 2-9 :.4(1

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    28/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +f

    /-($9 3: ($$9$$;942 2-9 /'(%2.2.349' %34$2')%2$ (4 .429'J942.34 /1(4 0($9@ 34 (11 3:2-9 (03J9 %34$.@9'(2.34$h

    ],-)$A 2(*.46 .423 (%%3)42 2-9 *.4@ 3: 1.:9 2-(2 "3)1@ 09 :)1:.11.46 (4@;9(4.46:)1 23 2-9 [email protected].@)(1l o2-9 /'(%2.2.349'p 4329$ 2-9 *.4@$ 3:%(/(0.1.2.9$ 3' %3;/9294%.9$ -9 3' $-9 '9_).'9$ 23 -(J9 ( %-(4%9 3: /)22.462-(2 /1(4 .423 (%2.34# B 2'9(2;942 /1(4 .$ 2-94 @9J913/9@R VH('@ (4@ L(')4(A+DDeh [TcW#

    T#[T H('@ (4@ L(')4(R$ V+DDeW 9J(1)(2.34 3: 2-9 MPL /'9$942$ ( "9(12- 3:9;/.'.%(1 9J.@94%9 23 $)//3'2 2-9 2-93'92.%(1 :'(;9"3'*$A (92.3136.%(1 ($$);/2.34$(4@ /'(%2.%9 :3%)$9$ 3: 2-9 ;3@91 (4@ /3.42$ 23 /3$.2.J9 9J(1)(2.34$ 3: ( 4);09' 3:%3''9%2.34(1 2'9(2;942 /'36'(;;9$ 0($9@ 34 3' (4(1363)$ 23 2-9 MPL# \3"9J9'A2-9.' %(4@.@ %34%1)$.34 .$ 2-(2h

    ]2-9 MPL (//9('$ 23 :)4%2.34 "911 ($ (4 .4296'(2.J9 :'(;9"3'*A 0)2 $3 :('2-9'9 .$ ( /()%.25 3: $/9%.:.% %3''9%2.34(1 /'36'(;$ 2-(2 -(J9 0994 9Q/1.%.215@9J913/9@ ".2- MPL .4 ;.4@# ,-)$ 2-9'9 .$ ( 1(%* 3: @.'9%2A %3;/911.46'9$9('%- 9J.@94%9 :3' MPLO.4$/.'9@ /'36'(;$# \3"9J9'A 2-.$ .$ %-(46.46'(/.@15 (4@A ($ "9 "'.29A $9J9'(1 %3''9%2.34(1 MPL /'36'(;;9$ ('9 09.46%34$2')%29@ (4@ 9;/.'.%(115 9J(1)(29@R VH('@ (4@ L(')4(A +DDeh [e[W#

    T#[Z G9534@ 2-9 .$$)9 (03)2 2-9 9Q.$2.46 9J.@94%9 0($9A 2-9'9 ('9 ( 4);09' 3:_)9$2.34$ 2-(2 ;.6-2 09 ($*9@ (03)2 2-9 MPLh

    ! B'9 2-9 /'.;('5 -);(4 633@$ ($ )4.J9'$(115 /)'$)9@ ($ 2-9 ;3@91$)669$2$g

    ! \3" %(4 /'(%2.2.349'$ ;(4(69 2-9 @99/ 294$.34$ 2-(2 9Q.$2 .4%3429;/3'('5 $3%.92.9$ ('3)4@ @.J9'$9 J.9"$ 3: "-(2 %34$2.2)29$ 2-9 633@1.:9 (4@ 2-9 %34:1.%2$ 2-(2 ('.$9 .4 2-9 /)'$).2 3: J9'5 @.::9'942 J9'$.34$ 3:2-(2 1.:9 ".2-.4 %3;;)4.2.9$g

    ! Y3 (11 3: 2-3$9 3::94@9'$ ".2- "-3; $3%.(1 "3'*9'$ 946(69 '9_).'9 2-9-31.$2.% '9%34$2')%2.34 3: 2-9 $91: 2-(2 2-9 2-3'3)6-63.46 '9J.$.34 3: ( [email protected]$ /1(4 $99;$ 23 $)669$2g L.6-2 19$$ .4294$.J9 .429'J942.34$ $)::.%9 .4;(45 %($9$g ,-(2 $(.@A 2-9'9 .$ 43 '9($34 "-5 2-9 MPL "3)1@ 432 (113" :3'J('5.46 @96'99$ 3: '9%34$2')%2.34 (4@ '9J.$.34 (4@ .4@99@ .2$ 9;/-($.$ 342(.13'9@ .429'J942.34 ;.6-2 '9_).'9 2-.$#

    ! Y39$ 2-9 MPL /9'-(/$ )4@9'/1(5$ 2-9 9Q2942 23 "-.%- %'.;.43694.% $3%.(1%3429Q2$ V(4@ 1.;.29@ 1.:9 3//3'2)4.2.9$W ;.6-2 ;(*9 ( ]%'.;.4(1R 633@ 1.J9$/1(4 136.%(1 (4@ :)4%2.34(1 :'3; 2-9 3::94@9'R$ /3.42 3: J.9"#

    ! d.4(115A ;.6-2 ( $-('/9' :3%)$ 34 2-9 .;/3'2(4%9 3: .429'J942.34$ ('3)4@

    2-9 :(;.1.(1 (4@ $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ 3: 3::[email protected] (4@ @9$.$2(4%9A (4@ 34 "3'* 23

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    29/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* +E

    @9J913/ 196.2.;(29 3//3'2)4.2.9$ V3' 1.%.2 $3%.(1 %(/.2(1 S $99 0913"W (1$3 09'9_).'9@g

    T#[` F2 ;(5 09 2-(2 2-9 9;/-($.$ .4 032- 2-9 >X> ;3@91 (4@A 23 ( 19$$9' 9Q2942A .42-9 MPL ;3@91 34 M#/E#-8#-4#.#4%03 (4(15$9$ 3: (4@ '9$/34$9$ 23 3::[email protected] .$ (%34$9_)94%9 3: 2-9 /$5%-3136.%(1 3'.942(2.34 23"('@$ 3::94@9' '9-(0.1.2(2.34 2-(22-95 $-('9# ,-(2 $(.@A :'3; ( 7%322.$- /9'$/9%2.J9A 2-9 MPLR$ J(1)9$ (4@ /'.4%./19$$99; -.6-15 %34$.$2942 032- ".2- $3%.(1 "3'*R$ -);(4.$2.% 2'(@.2.34$A ".2- .2$%3429;/3'('5 '91.(4%9 34 9%3136.%(1 /9'$/9%2.J9$A ".2- .2$ $2'9$$ 34 2-9/9'$34(1.$(2.34 3: %('9 (4@ ".2- $2'9462-$O0($9@ /9'$/9%2.J9$# L3'93J9'A ($ "9 ".11$99 .4 $)0$9_)942 $9%2.34$A .2$ $2'9$$ 34 [email protected].@)(1.$9@ ($$9$$;942 (4@ %($9:3';)1(2.34 '9$34(29$ ".2- $3%.(1 "3'* J(1)9$ (4@ /'(%2.%9$A (4@ ".2- 2-9.4%'9($.4615 (//('942 1.;.2(2.34$ 3: ;3'9 /'36'(;;(2.% (//'3(%-9$ 23'9-(0.1.2(2.34#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    30/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* TD

    SQ %H" #!IE%GE" #!$E"88T =$%GOI%G>B I>M=I>IBG>B EHI>B"

    Z#[ F4 2-.$ $9%2.34A 2-9 :3%)$ ;3J9$ ;3'9 @.'9%215 3423 2-9 9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9/'3%9$$ (4@ 2-9 2($* 3: 2-9 %($9 ;(4(69' 3' ]3::94@9' ;(4(69'R .4 $)//3'2.46 2-9/'3%9$$ 3: %-(469 ($ ( "-319# Y'(".46 34 2-9 9J.@94%9 '9J.9"9@ .4 ( '9%942 '9J.9"3: 2-9 $*.11$ '9_).'9@ 23 '9@)%9 '9O3::[email protected] VL%X9.11'/ 03J A +DD`WA 2-9 $9%2.34 .$$2')%2)'9@ ('3)4@ 2-9 *95 $2(69$ 3: 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: .429'J942.34# F2 096.4$ 05 0'.9:15

    @.$%)$$.46 946(69;942A ($$9$$;942 (4@ /1(44.46A 09:3'9 ;3J.46 34 23 ( :)119'@.$%)$$.34 3: %($9 ;(4(69;942 .2$91:#

    #.2:-.-45+7

    "#$%&' ;) UE' V2WT*S L&,+'11

    Assess

    What do we together see asthe problemsWhich are the prioritiesWho are the people involvedComplete assessment forms

    Review and Evaluate

    How far have the objectives

    been achievedRecord evidence for theseHighlight achievementsNote items for new cycle

    Implement the plan

    Put plan into effect. Keep records

    Monitor that agreed steps arebeing taken at specified timesTroubleshoot difficultiesHighlight achievements

    Plan

    How are we going to tacklethe problemsWhat are our shared,realistic objectivesWho will do that, by when?

    V7)2234A +DDfh [`W

    Z#+ F4 2-9 X(2.34(1 U::94@9' L(4(69;942 79'J.%9$ U::94@9' L(4(69;942 L3@91V$99"""#43;$#-3;93::.%9#63J#)* WA 2-9 3::94@9' ;(4(69;942 /'3%9$$ .$ %(/2)'[email protected] 2-9 ;49;34.% (4@ (%'345; B7?F>K V7)2234A [EEEW "-.%- .$ $92 3)2 .4 .2$ .4294@9@%5%1.%(1 :3';(2 .4"#$%&' ; (03J9# B12-3)6- 2-.$ "3'*$ "911 ($ (4 (%%3)42 3: 1,>' 3:2-9 *95 $2(69$ 3: /'(%2.%9A .2 -($ $3;9 )4.4294@9@ 0)2 .;/3'2(42 1.;.2(2.34$# ?9'-(/$

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    31/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* T[

    2-9 09$2 "(5 23 $); 2-9$9 )/ .$ 23 $(5 2-(2 2-9'9 .$ ( W*S8B7?F>K $2(69 2-(2 .$ %'.2.%(123 2-9 $)%%9$$ 3: 2-9 /'(%2.%9 /'3%9$$b ?>K 09.46 ( ;49;34.% (4@ (%'345; :3'/'9/('9A '91(29 (4@ 946(69# H3'*.46 9::9%2.J915 23 '9@)%9 '93::[email protected] $99;$ 1.*91523 09 $.64.:.%(4215 94-(4%9@ "-9'9 $)/9'J.$3'$ %(4 2(*9 2-9 2.;9 23h

    ! #.2:-.2 :3' .4.2.(1 %342(%2 05 '9J.9".46 (11 2-9 (J(.1(019 .4:3';(2.34 (4@ 052'5.46 23 (42.%./(29 2-9 25/9$ 3: ($/.'(2.34$ (4@ %34%9'4$ 2-(2 2-9 3::94@9';(5 0'.46 23 2-9 $)/9'J.$.34 /'3%9$$ V$3;92.;9$ 2-.$ .$ '9:9''9@ 23 ($@9J913/.46 ]/'91.;.4('5 9;/(2-5RW

    ! !2?-42 23 2-9 3::94@9' 032- 05 (42.%./(2.46 (4@ 9Q/13'.46 2-9.' ($/.'(2.34$(4@ %34%9'4$ (4@ 05 2(*.46 2.;9 23 @9J913/ ( '91(2.34$-./ %-('(%29'.$9@ 053/9449$$A 2')$2A "(';2- (4@ 633@ -);3)'

    ! "79%94215A (@J3%(29$ 3: 2-9 >X>;3@91 -(J9 (1$3 /(.@ ;3'9 (22942.34 23 2-9 %3'9 %3''9%2.34(1 /'(%2.%9$ V3' 88?$W($$3%.(29@ ".2- '9@)%.46 '9%34J.%2.34 .4 2-9 '9$9('%- 1.29'(2)'9# d3' 9Q(;/19AY3"@94 (4@ B4@'9"$ V+DDZW $)669$2 2-(2 *95 :9(2)'9$ 3: 9::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 ".2-3::94@9'$ .4%1)@9 2-9 _)(1.25 3: 2-9 .429'/9'$34(1 '91(2.34$-./A 2-9 9::9%2.J9 )$9 3:()2-3'.25A (42.O%'.;.4(1 V3' /'3O$3%.(1W ;[email protected] (4@ '9.4:3'%9;942A /'3019;$31J.46A (4@ )$9 3: %3;;)4.25 '9$3)'%9$# U463.46 $2)@.9$ .4 B)$2'(1.(A 8(4(@( (4@=9'$95 ('9 $99*.46 23 09229' )4@9'$2(4@ 2-9 %342'.0)2.34 2-(2 /'(%2.2.349'$R $*.11$ %(4;(*9 23 2-9 9::9%2.J949$$ 3: .429'J942.34$#

    Z#` ,-9 @9$.$2(4%9 1.29'(2)'9 ;3'9 6949'(115 '9%364.$9$ 2-(2 @9$.$2(4%9 :'3;%'.;9 .$ %-('(%29'.$9@ 05 (;0.J(194%9 (4@ J(%.11(2.34 (4@ 2-(2A 2-9'9:3'9A 2-9 (0.1.25

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    32/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* T+

    23 :3$29' (4@ $)$2(.4 ;32.J(2.34 .$ %'.2.%(1 23 9::9%2.J9 "3'* ".2- 3::94@9'$ VG)'4922A[EE+b G)'4922 (4@ L(')4(A +DDZW# Y9$.$2(4%9 .$ (1$3 (4 (%2.J9 /'3%9$$ (4@ 349 .4"-.%- (694%5 V2-(2 .$A 2-9 (0.1.25 23 9Q9'%.$9 %-3.%9 (4@ ;(4(69 349R$ 3"4 1.:9W .$]@.$%3J9'9@R VL%X9.11A +DDcb L(')4(A +DD[W# ,-.$ 49%9$$.2(29$ (//'3(%-9$ 23$)/9'J.$.34 2-(2 ('9 (%2.J9 (4@ /('2.%./(2.J9 (4@ 2-(2 $99* 23 ;(Q.;.$9 .4J31J9;942(4@ %311(03'(2.34# ,-9 @9$.$2(4%9 1.29'(2)'9 (1$3 -.6-1.6-2$ 2-9 499@ 23 9$2(01.$-'91(2.34$-./$ ".2-.4 "-.%- (229;/2$ 23 /3$.2.J915 .4:1)94%9 2-9 3::94@9' %(''5 >,&033'$#/#>0+F V:'3; 2-9 3::94@9'R$ /9'$/9%2.J9W# ,-.$ (6(.4 )4@9'1.49$ 2-9 499@ :3' 2-9"3'*9'R$ ()2-3'.25 23 09 9Q9'%.$9@ .4 ( ;(449' 2-(2 .$ %19('A 9Q/1.%.2 (4@ :(.'# F2 (1$3/3.42$ 23 2-9 .;/3'2(4%9 3: 3::9'.46 /'(%2.%(1 -91/ 23 3::94@9'$ $.4%9 2-.$ ( J.2(19Q/'9$$.34 3: %34%9'4 :3' 2-9; 01 L',L3' A ($ "911 ( @9;34$2'(2.34 3: (4 ("('949$$3: 2-9.' $3%.(1 '9(1.25 VG)'4922 (4@ L%X9.11A +DD`W# 7)%- %34%9'4 194@$ %'[email protected] 23(229;/2$ 23 .4:1)94%9 09-(J.3)'#

    Z#c F2 .$ %19(' 2-9'9:3'9 2-(2 /(5.46 (@9_)(29 (22942.34 23 2-9 '91(2.34(1 ($/9%2$3: /'(%2.%9 ".2- 3::94@9'$A (4@ 23 2-9 $*.11$ 2-'3)6- "-.%- 9::9%2.J9 '91(2.34$-./$ ('9@9J913/9@A .$ ( 49%9$$('5 V0)2 432 ( $)::.%.942W /'9%[email protected] 3: @9J913/.46 (49::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 /'3%9$$# P.2219 %(4 09 (%-.9J9@ ".2-.4 (45 ;92-3@ 3: .429'J942.34)419$$ /'(%2.2.349'$ %(4 9$2(01.$- 2-9 '.6-2 *.4@$ 3: '91(2.34$-./$ ".2- 3::94@9'$#

    I00200Y274

    Z#e ,-9 9Q294$.J9 1.29'(2)'9 (03)2 2-9 @9J913/;942A )$9 (4@ 1.;.2(2.34$ 3: '.$*(4@ 499@$ ($$9$$;942 #-1/&%>'-/1 .$ 09534@ 2-9 $%3/9 3: 2-.$ $9%2.34# B 0'.9:3J9'J.9" .$ /'3J.@9@ .4 2-9 $3)'%9 @3%);942# F4 2-.4*.46 (03)2 P 011'11>'-/

    L&0+/#+'-3"9J9'A .2 .$ 49%9$$('5 23 133* 09534@ 2-9 _)(1.2.9$ 3: 2-9 ($$9$$;942 2331$09.46 @9/1359@ (4@ 23 133* (2 2-9 "(5$ .4 "-.%- 2-95 ('9 )$9@# >9%942 9;/.'.%(1'9$9('%- $)669$2$ 2-(2 /'(%2.2.349'$ 3:294 $2')6619 23 2'(4$1(29 2-9 3)2%3;9$ 3: '.$*($$9$$;942 .423 9::9%2.J9 %($9 /1(44.46 (4@ '.$* ;(4(69;942 V$99 G342( '/ 03 #A+DDZb G)';(4 '/ 03 #A +DDfW# F2 .$ /('215 :3' 2-.$ '9($34 2-(2 :3)'2- 6949'(2.34 2331$ ('943" 09.46 @9J913/9@ "-.%- (.; 23 09229' (@@'9$$ .$$)9$ 3: '9$/34$.J.25 (4@ 23(@@'9$$ 2-9 @.::.%)12.9$ .4 2'(4$1(2.46 2-9 3)2%3;9$ 3: '.$* ($$9$$;942$ .423$)/9'J.$.34 /1(4$#

    Z#f P33*.46 09534@ '.$*A 2-3)6- "911O@9$.649@ .4$2');942$ ('9 )$9:)1 .4($$9$$;942 "3'*A 349 3: 2-9 '9%)''.46 ;9$$(69$ :'3; 2-9 @9$.$2(4%9 '9$9('%-V;.''3'9@ .4 2-9 MPL ;3@91R$ (//'3(%- 23 ($$9$$;942W .$ 2-(2 ($$9$$;942 ;)$2 092-3'3)6-15 [email protected].@)(1.$9@# G32- 2-9 (69 (4@ 694@9' '91(29@ @.::9'94%9$ .4 032-/9'$.$294%9 (4@ @9$.$2(4%9 (4@ 2-9 $.64.:.%(4%9 3: 2-9 $)0&9%2.J9 ;9(4.46$ 3: 9J942$(4@ %-(469$ :3' 2-3$9 .4J31J9@ (229$2 23 2-9 499@ :3' /'(%2.%9 2-(2 $94$.2.J915 (4@2-3)6-2:)115 [email protected].@)(1.$9$ 2-9 ;(4(69;942 3: 2-9 %-(469 /'3%9$$# B$ "9 -(J9 $994A

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    33/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* TT

    @9J913/;942(1 %'.;.43136.$2$ 43" $2'9$$ 2-9 -.6-15 @.::9'942.(29@ "(5$ 2-(2 '.$*:(%23'$ /1(5 3)2 .4 2-9 )4._)9 /9'$34(1 (4@ $3%.(1 %3429Q2$ 3: 9(%- [email protected].@)(1R$ 1.:9%3)'$9 VP()0 (4@ 7(;/$34A +DDTW S ( %')%.(1 /3.42 '9%364.$9@ .4 2-9 "(5 2-(2 MPL%34%9/2)(1.$9$ '.$*# F2 :3113"$ 2-(2 9;/135.46 $2519$ 3: ($$9$$;942A %($9;(4(69;942 (4@ @.'9%2 /'(%2.%9 2-(2 J(1)9 (4@ 9Q/13.2 [email protected].@)(1.25 (4@ @.J9'$.25$99;$ 49%9$$('5#

    Z#E ,(*.46 2-.$ ('6);942 :)'2-9'A @9$.$2(4%9O:3%)$$9@ ($$9$$;942 '9_).'9$ (49Q/13'(2.34A .4 /('249'$-./ ".2- 2-9 3::94@9'A 3: 9(%- 3: 2-9$9 2-'99 @.$%'929 ('9($b2-9.' 19J91$ 3: ;(2)'.25A 2-9.' /9'$34(1 -.$23'5 (4@ %)''942 $3%.(1 %.'%);$2(4%9$A (4@2-9.' 4(''(2.J9$ ('3)4@ %-(469A ;32.J(2.34A J.9"$ (4@ (22.2)@9$ V$99 "#$%&' 7 0913"W#F4 9(%- 3: 2-9 2-'99 ('9($A 2-9 "3'*9' (4@ 2-9 3::94@9' "3)1@ "3'* 23 ;(*9 9Q/1.%.2-3"A .4 "-(2 "(5$ (4@ 23 "-(2 9Q2942$ 2-9 2-'99 :(%23'$ "3)1@ $9'J9 23 $)//3'2 3'-.4@9' @9$.$2(4%9# F4 2-.4*.46 2-'3)6- "-(2 ;.6-2 $)//3'2 @9$.$2(4%9A ( *95 2($*"3)1@ 09 2-9 .@942.:.%(2.34 3: 2-9 $2'9462-$ ".2-.4 (4@ ('3)4@ 2-9 /9'$34 )4@9'$)/9'J.$.34b 2-(2 .$A 2-9.' /9'$34(1 '9$3)'%9$ (4@ 2-9 /3$.2.J9 $)//3'2$ (J(.1(019".2-.4 2-9.' $3%.(1 492"3'*$#

    "#$%&' 7) =,-1/&%+/#-$ D'1#1/0-+'

    Z#[D U4%9 2-9 2-'99 /3.42$ 3: 2-9 2'.(4619 .4 "#$%&' 7 V(03J9W -(@ 0994 9Q/13'9@A2-9 ;3'9 %3;/19Q 2($*A .4 2-9 $9%34@ $2(69 3: 2-9 ($$9$$;942A "3)1@ 09 91(03'(2.462-9 .429'O'91(2.34$-./$ 092"994 2-9 2-'99 ('9($ V'9/'9$9429@ 05 2-9 (''3"$ .4 "#$%&'7W# F: 2-9'9 "9'9 %34$34(4%9 092"994 2-9 2-'99 ('9($ $)%- 2-(2 (11 ('9 ]/)11.4623692-9'R .4 2-9 @.'9%2.34 3: @9$.$2(4%9A 2-94 ( '9.4:3'%.46 $)//3'2 /1(4 ;.6-2 09

    Age and Levels of Maturity

    Life Transitions Subjective NarrativesSocial Bonds Attitudes and Motivation

    DesistanceFactors

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    34/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* TZ

    '91(2.J915 $2'(.6-2:3'"('@ 23 %34$2')%2# F: (11 ($/9%2$ "9'9 %34$34(42 .4 2-9 @.'9%2.343: %342.4)9@ 3::[email protected] 05 %342'($2A 2-.$ "3)1@ $)669$2 032- .;/1.%(2.34$ :3' '.$*($$9$$;942 (4@A .: %3;;)4.25 $)/9'J.$.34 "9'9 (//'3/'.(29A 2-9 499@ :3' (4.4294$.J9 (4@ ;)12.O:(%929@ .429'J942.34# F:A ($ .$ /9'-(/$ 1.*915 .4 ;3$2 %($9$A 2-9'9"9'9 $3;9 @.$$34(4%9 ".2-.4 (4@ 092"994 2-9 2-'99 ('9($A 2-94 2-9 2($* 09%3;9$349 3: '9.4:3'%.46 2-9 ]/3$.2.J9$R (4@ %-(11946.46 2-9 ]496(2.J9$R#

    #?-77570/' 05 2-9 3::94@9'# ,-.$ 196.2.;(%5 .$ 1.*915 23 09 (%')%.(1 :(%23' .4 /'9J942.46 0'9(%- 05 /9'$)(@.46 3::94@9'$ 23 %3;/15#

    Z#[E \3"9J9'A 2-9 $)%%9$$ 3: %($9 ;(4(69;942 (2 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 19J91 @9/94@$ 342-9 9Q.$294%9 3: 2-9 13%(1 $2'(296.% /('249'$-./$ (4@ /(2-"(5$ 2-(2 (113" 2-9 %($9;(4(69' 23 (%%9$$ (4@ %33'@.4(29 2-9 '9_).'9@ $9'J.%9$ (4@ '9$3)'%9$# KJ94 2-909$2 @9$.649@A 09$2 .;/19;9429@ (4@ ;3$2 '9$9('%-O0($9@ [email protected].@)(1 %($9 /1(4 ".11:(.1 .: 2-9 %($9 ;(4(69' %(4432 (%%9$$ 2-9 $9'J.%9$ (4@ '9$3)'%9$ '9_).'9@ 23.;/19;942 .2 V>30.4$34 (4@ Y.64(4A +DDZW# 7.;.1('15A 2-9 09$2 @9J913/9@ (//'3(%- 23$9%)'.46 %3;/1.(4%9 ".11 :(.1 )419$$ 3'6(4.$(2.34(1 (''(469;942$ 9Q.$2 2-(2 )4@9'/.42-9 "3'*9'R$ 196.2.;(29 ()2-3'.25 05 @91.J9'.46 $".:2 (4@ /'3/3'2.34(29 '9$/34$9$2-(2 '9"('@ %3;/1.(4%9 (4@ @9(1 9::9%2.J915 ".2- 434O%3;/1.(4%9#

    Z#+D "#$%&' X V0913"W .4@.%(29$ -3" 9::9%2.J9 '91(2.34$-./$ 1.9 (2 2-9 %')Q 3: (49::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 /'3%9$$ V2-3)6- .2 $.64(115 :(.1$ 23 %(/2)'9 2-9 ".@9 '(469 3:

    '91(29@ $)/9'J.$.34 2($*$ (4@ %-(119469$ 23 "-.%- "9 2)'4 .4 2-9 49Q2 2"3 $9%2.34$W#,-9 $)/9'J.$.34 /'3%9$$ 096.4$ ".2- 2-9 9$2(01.$-;942 3: '91(2.34$-./$ (4@ 2-9

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    38/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* Tf

    9::9%2.J949$$ 3: 9J9'5 $)0$9_)942 /('2 3: 2-9 /'3%9$$ ".11 @9/94@ .4 /('2 34 2-9_)(1.25 3: '91(2.34$-./$A 2-3)6- 633@ '91(2.34$-./$ (1349 ".11 432 09 943)6- 23 0'.46(03)2 %-(469# F4 32-9' "3'@$A (12-3)6- "9 %(4 %34%9.J9 3: 2-9 (0.1.25 23 0).1@ (4@)2.1.$9 '91(2.34$-./$ ($ @.$%'929 ($/9%2 3: .429'J942.34 .4 .2$ 3"4 '.6-2A .4 :(%2 .2)4@9'/.4$ 9(%- 3: 2-9 32-9' ($/9%2$ 3: 2-9 $)/9'J.$.34 /'3%9$$# ,-9 (%%);)1(29@"9.6-2 3: 9J.@94%9A %3;.46 :'3; $2)@.9$ 2-(2 $2('2 ".2- _).29 @.::9'942 ($$);/2.34$(4@ )$.46 J9'5 @.::9'942 ;92-3@3136.%(1 (//'3(%-9$A @'.J9$ )$ 23"('@$ '9%364.2.342-(2 '91(2.34$-./$ ('9 (2 19($2 ($ %'.2.%(1 .4 '9@)%.46 '9O3::[email protected] ($ /'36'(;;9%342942# 819('15A .: 2-9 [email protected].@)(1.$9@ (4@ '91(2.34(1 .429'J942.34$ '9_).'9@ 23 $)//3'2@9$.$2(4%9 499@ 23 09 ;)12.O@.;94$.34(1A 2-94 2-9 $*.11$ '9_).'9@ 23 @91.J9' 2-9; ".1109 $.;.1('15 0'3(@O'(46.46#

    "#$%&' X) V- 'BB'+/#.' L&0+/#+' L&,+'11

    Individualised Assessment

    OngoingEvaluation

    ManagingChange

    Research -basedPlanning and Delivery

    Effective Relationships

    Z#+[ F2 .$ 432 &)$2 /'(%2.2.349'$ "-3 499@ -.6- 19J91$ 3: ;32.J(2.34A %(/(%.25 V3'$*.11W (4@ 3//3'2)4.25 V3' '9$3)'%9$W 23 09 9::9%2.J9# 8($9"3'* 2-93'.9$ -(J9 1346$)669$29@ 2-(2 .4 3'@9' :3' %-(469 /'3%9$$9$ V1.*9 @9$.$2(4%9W 23 3%%)'A 2-9 $(;92-'99 %[email protected]$ 499@ 23 09 /'9$942 :3' 2-3$9 "-3 ('9 @3.46 2-9 %-(46.46 V$99A :3'9Q(;/19A >.//19 '/ 03 #A [EcZW# F4 32-9' "3'@$A 3::94@9'$ 499@>,/#.0/#,- 23 %-(469A+0L0+#/F 23 09 (4@ 23 (%2 @.::9'94215 (4@,LL,&/%-#/#'1 23 @3 $3# B11 2-'99 :9(2)'9$499@ 23 09 /'9$942 :3' %-(469 23 3%%)'b (11 2-'99 ('9 49%9$$('5 %[email protected]$ 3: %-(469#

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    39/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* TE

    "#$%&' A) UE&'' -'+'110&F +,-4#/#,-1 ,B +E0-$'

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

    Z#+T "#$%&' Y V0913"W (.;$ 23 6(2-9' 23692-9' 2-9 ;(29'.(1 '9J.9"9@ .4 2-.$ $9%2.3423 3)21.49 2-9 *95 _)9$2.34$ 2-(2 /'(%2.2.349'$ 499@ 23 (@@'9$$ ($ 2-95 "3'* 2-'3)6-2-9 ]3::94@9' $)/9'J.$.34 $/.49R# ,-9 $)669$2.34 .$ 2-(2 2-9 /'3$/9%2$ :3' 9::9%2.J9

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    40/58

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    41/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* Z[

    #LI>

    J2A _92045+7T H-5 @3 "9 2-.4* 2-(2 @3.46 "-(2 "9 /1(4 23 @3 ".11 0'.46 (03)2 2-9 @9$.'9@'9$)12$g

    \3" %(4 2-9 .@942.:.9@ .50[ 1-34+.0 09 (@@'9$$9@g H-.%- ('9 ;3$2 /'9$$.46g B'9$/9%.:.% /'36'(;;9$ 3' $9'J.%9$ '9_).'9@ 23 (@@'9$$ '.$* :(%23'$g

    \3" %(4 ;5 *43"19@69 3: 2-9 '.$* :(%23'$ (4@ 3: 2-9 %3429Q2$ 3: ' .$* .4:3'; .50[Y-7-IB"

    J2A _92045+7T B'9 "9 @3.46 "-(2 "9 $(.@ "9 "3)1@ @3g

    H-3 .$ '9$/34$.019 :3' (4@ %3;;.229@ 23 %($9 ;(4(69;942g H-3 .$ /'[email protected]%342.4).25 (4@ %34$.$294%5 3: %('9g

    \3" ;(45i:9" /93/19 &'033F499@ 23 09 .4J31J9@ (4@ .4 '91(2.34 23 2-9 %($9 /1(4A "-3.$ @3.46 "-(2 (4@ 05 "-94g

    B'9 2-9 @.::9'942 /('2.9$ (4@ $9'J.%9$ "3'*.46 23692-9' 23 %34$31.@(29 19('4.46 (4@/'36'9$$ 23"('@$ @9$.$2(4%9g

    B'9 2-9'9 (45 )4;92 499@$ 3' '9_).'9@ /'36'(;;9$ 3' $9'J.%9$ 2-(2 ('9 432 (J(.1(019g \3" .$ %3;/1.(4%9 09.46 /'3;329@ (4@ :3$29'9@ (4@ 434O%3;/1.(4%9 09.46 2(%*19@g

    ?)2 2-9 /1(4 .423 9::9%2# N99/ '9%3'@$ L34.23' 2-(2 (6'99@ $29/$ ('9 09.46 2(*94 (2 $/9%.:.9@ 2.;9$ ,'3)019$-332 @.::.%)12.9$ \.6-1.6-2 (%-.9J9;942$

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    42/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* Z+

    !"OG"K I>M "OIL@I%"

    J2A _92045+70T F$ .2 "3'*.46g F: 432A "-5 432g H($ 2-9 .429'J942.34 '(2.34(19 "'346 3' @.@$3;92-.46 63 "'346 .4 .2$ .;/19;942(2.34g

    H-(2 @(2( .$ '9_).'9@ 23 (113" )$ 23 '9J.9" (4@ 9J(1)(29g :'3; '9O(@;.4.$2'(2.34 3: '.$* ($$9$$;942$ (4@ /$5%-3;92'.%$ :'3; 2-9 3::94@9' V$91:O'9/3'29@ /'36'9$$ (4@ $91:O'9/3'29@ 3::[email protected] :'3; $.64.:.%(42 32-9'$ :'3; 2-9 $)/9'J.$3' :'3; 32-9'$ %342'.0)2.46 23 2-9 %($9 /1(4 :'3; '9%3'@$ 3: (2294@(4%9i434O(2294@(4%9 :'3; 32-9' '9%3'@$ V9#6# 49" 7K> '9_)9$2$W

    F4 2-9 1.6-2 3: 2-9 (03J9h \3" :(' -(J9 2-9 30&9%2.J9$ 0994 (%-.9J9@g >9%3'@ 9J.@94%9 :3' 2-9$9 \.6-1.6-2 (%-.9J9;942$ X329 .29;$ :3' 49" %5%19

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    43/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* ZT

    UQ $;;">M"!8V 8JGLL8 I>M EI#IEG%G"8

    `#[ ,-.$ $9%2.34 $);;('.$9$ 9J.@94%9 (03)2 -3" $)/9'J.$.34 %(4 @9J913/]-);(4 %(/.2(1Rb 2-(2 .$ -3" .2 ;.6-2 @9J913/ 2-9 ;32.J(2.34A $*.11$A *43"19@69A'9$3)'%9$ (4@ _)(1.2.9$ ,B /E' #-4#.#4%03 2-(2 -9 3' $-9 ;.6-2 499@ 23 @9J913/ (4@@9/135 .4 2-9 /'3%9$$ 3: @9$.$2(4%9# F2 .$ ('6)9@ 2-(2 &)$2 ($ /-5$.%(1 %(/.2(1 .$ %'9(29@05 %-(469$ .4 ;(29'.(1$ 23 :3'; 2-9 2331$ 2-(2 :(%.1.2(29 ]/'3@)%2.34RA -);(4 %(/.2(1.$ %'9(29@ 05 %-(469$ .4 /93/19 2-(2 %'9(29 2-9 $*.11$ (4@ %(/(0.1.2.9$ 2-(2 ;(*9 2-9;(019 23 (%2 .4 49" "(5$ (4@ 23 @3 49" 2-.46$ V8319;(4A [EEDW# ,-)$ -);(4 %(/.2(1

    :(%.1.2(29$ /'3@)%2.J9 (%2.J.25 (4@ ($ ( '9$)12 %(4 /'3;329 2-9 $94$9 3: $91: 9::.%(%5"-.%- .$ 6949'(115 '9%364.$9@ ($ ( *95 _)(1.25 .4 $)%%9$$:)1 /9'$34(1 %-(469#

    `#+ 8319;(4 @9:.49$ %(/.2(1 ($ ( ]/'3@)%2.J9R .4J9$2;942 ;(*.46 /3$$.019 2-9(%-.9J9;942 3: %9'2(.4 94@$ 2-(2 "3)1@ 432 09 (22(.4(019 .4 .2$ (0$94%9# ,-9 %34%9/2%(/2)'9$ 2-9 (;0.2.34 3: ;(45 $3%.(1 "3'* /'(%2.2.349'$ .4 2'5.46 23 94$)'9 2-(2$)/9'J.$.34 .$ 032- /'3@)%2.J9 (4@ .4J9$2$ ;9(4.46:)115 .4 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 :3' 2-9.'0949:.2 (4@ :3' 2-9 0949:.2 3: 2-9 %3;;)4.25 (2 1('69# ,-9 %34%9/2 (1$3 $2'9$$9$ 2-9.;/3'2(4%9 3: 2-9 >%/%03#/F 3: 2-9 ].4J9$2;942RA "-.%- ;3@9'4 ;(4(69;942 2-93'5'9:9'$ 23 ($ ]%3O/'3@)%2.34R# 83O/'3@)%2.34 2(*9$ /1(%9 "-94 $3;9 3: 2-9 .4J9$2;942

    )$9@ 23 /'3@)%9 ( $9'J.%9 .$ %342'.0)29@ 05 [email protected].@)(1$ "-3 ('9 2-9 ]%1.942$R 3']'9%./.942$R 3: 2-9 $9'J.%9 VU$2'3;A [EEeh fcW# ,-9 *95 23 ( -);(4 %(/.2(1 (//'3(%-2-94 .$ 2-(2 2-9 @.$2.4%2.34 092"994 $9'J.%9 /'3J.@9' (4@ )$9' .$ 432 '.6.@ (4@ 2-9$)%%9$$ 3: (45 ].4J9$2;942R .$ 1.*915 23 '915 34 2-9 /'3J.$.34 3: $9'J.%9$ 2-'3)6- ($)$2(.49@ '91(2.34$-./ 092"994 (6942i"3'*9' (4@ '9%./.942i)$9'A "-9'9 032- ;(*9$)0$2(42.(1 %342'.0)2.34$# B//1.9@ 23 -);(4 $9'J.%9A /3"9' (4@ ()2-3'.25 ('9A%34$9_)94215A $-('9@ 092"994 2-9 $)/9'J.$3' (4@ 2-9 [email protected].@)(1 V2-3)6- 43249%9$$('.15 9_)(115W ($ (4 9::9%2.J9 ;9(4$ 3: (%-.9J.46 ( @54(;.% /'3%9$$ (4@;)2)(115 0949:.%.(1 3)2%3;9$ :3' /('2.%./(42$#

    =+456-45+7 -7/ !2-/57200 4+ EZ-7

  • 8/13/2019 Bueno McNeil Towards

    44/58

    !"#$!% '()'* %+,-./0 "11234562 #.-34532 57 $1127/2. 89:2.6505+7

    """#$%%&'#(%#)* ZZ

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email protected] @.::.%)12.9$A .2 .$ -('@ 23 .;(6.49 2-(2 2-95 "3)1@ :991 (019 23 9::9%2$.64.:.%(42 %-(469 .4 2-9.' 1.J9$ ".2-3)2 $3;9 $3'2 3: .4:1)94%9A 19J9'(69A @.'9%2.34A49" 19('4.46 (4@ 49" 3//3'2)4.25 $)//3'29@ 05 ( ;9(4.46:)1 "3'*.46 (11.(4%9 ".2-2-9.' $)/9'J.$3'# K::9%2.J9 /'(%2.%9 $99;$ 1.*915 2-9'9:3'9 23 .4J31J9 9::9%2.J9 %3O/'3@)%2.34 3: %-(469A .4294@9@ 23 6.J9 )$9'$ ( $94$9 3: 2-9.' 3"4 $)%%9$$#

    `#Z F4 /'(%2.%9A $)/9'J.$.34 ".11 (1;3$2 (1"(5$ 09 (03)2 ;3'9 2-(4 0)[email protected]'91(2.34$-./$ (4@ 94%3)'(6.46 ;32.J(2.34A 0)2 ".2-3)2 ;32.J(2.34 (4@ $)//3'2.J9$3%.(1 (4@ /9'$34(1 %.'%);$2(4%9$A %-(469 .$ 19$$ 1.*915 23 3%%)'# F2 .$ 2-.$%34:.6)'(2.34 3: 919;942$ 2-(2 %-('(%29'.$9$ 2-9 %34%9/2 3: ]'9(@.49$$ 23 %-(469Rb (%34%9/2 "-.%- .;/1.9$ ;3'9 2-(4 $.;/15 ".11.4649$$ 3' (;0.2.34# ?33' ;32.J(2.3409:3'9 2-9 $2('2 3: ( /'36'(;;9 (4@ /3$2O/'36'(;;9 .$ 3:294 ($$3%.(29@ ".2- /33'3)2%3;9$ V($ "9 ".11 $99 0913"W#

    `#` F4 (@@'9$$.46 ;32.J(2.34A 2-9 (//'3(%- 3: ;32.J(2.34(1 .429'J.9".46 VLFW .$43" $3 ;)%- ( /('2 3: "3'* ".2- 3::94@9'$ .4 2-9 IN 2-(2 .2 ;.6