buhay at mg̃a ginawÂ

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BUHAY AT MGA GINAWNI

DR. JOS RIZALNA SINULAT

NI

PASCUAL H. POBLETE

AT IPINALIMBAG NI

G. NENENG RIZAL

KAPATID NA PAGANAY NI

DR. JOS RIZAL

May kaak!" #a $a%a$!#& a%a'a#.


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LARAWAN

Dr. Jos Rizal

G. Francisco Rizal Mercado, AMANGDR. JOSERIZAL.

G. TEODORAALONSOY !INTOS, IN"NG#DR. JOS$ RIZAL.

An% &a%'aril ni Dr. JOSE RIZAL.

G. Sa()rnina Rizal ni *idal%o + NENENGRIZAL a&a(-d na a(and/ n%# DR.JOSERIZAL, a( casal)c)0an% na%&a&ali'a% n%#1NOLI ME TANGERE1 a(

1FILIBUSTERISMO.1 SA 2IANG TAGALOG.

3I4

J()* P%(+a)!( R!,a M-%a/(

Ma!!#& a)ay)a# #a#& a#ya#& 012ay

I&inan%#anac si GAT JOSE 5ROTASIO RIZAL MERADO, sa '60an n%# ala'/,sac+& n%#lala7i%an% La%)na, n%#i8ala'in% si0a n%#J)nio n%#(a+n% san%li'o 7al+n%d6an anina&o9( is6.

Si G. Francisco Rizal Mercado an% can06n% a6 a( si G. Teodora Alonso a()in(os an% can06n% in6.

I&inan%#anac si G. Francisco Rizal Mercado a( Ale:andra n%# (a+n% ; n%#Enero n%#;


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a( ar)non% n%#7ican% cas(ila a( 7ican% la(-n, a( si G. Teodora Alonso a0 na%aral sacole%io n%#San(a Rosa a( ar)non% n%#7ican% cas(ila.

An% na%)-n% %#a an6c n%#a%asa7an% i(o90 si na %)inoon% Sa()rnina, 5aciano,Narcisa, Oli&ia, L)c-a, Mar-a, once&ci+n, Jose, Josea, Trinidad a( Soledad.

=inin0a%an si JOSERIZALn%#ara7 n%#s6'ado, icadala7a&o9( dala7a n%#J)nio n%#;


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sa %#a ca(7iran n%# l)&an% 8in6%)isnan. An% %#a nan%0arin% i(+90 nali'a% sadadain n%#'a(an% si JOSERIZAL.

L)i&a( i(+ n%# &a%(ir6 sa A(eneo M)nici&al a( n%# naroon na90 (ila and-n l6lo&an% n6ra%da%an an% can06n% si&a% sa &a%aaral a( ca'ai(an% &)s&+s n%# )%al. An%

na%)in% aes(ro ni0690 an% %#a :es)i(an% si &ar 6ndido =ec a( si &ar FranciscoS6ncez.

)n% i&inaaan%la7 n%# 'a(an% si JOSE RIZALan% na8i(a ni06n% &a%ais saca(7iran n%#can0an% %#a cal6 a0 lalo n%#dinarada ni06, an% %#a sa'ianan n%#%#a railen% adal6s ni0an% arini% sa A(eneo M)nici&al na di )ano90 a(aas an%caisi&an n%# (6on% c)la0 a&)(i ca0 sa (6on% c)la0 ca0an%)-, adil67, a'+a'+ +ai(-, 'a%a0 na &ina%&ili(an ni06n% si0asa(in )l/ noon, c)n% (o(oo n%#/, sa&a%ca9(inaac6la ni06n% li-s sa ca(o7iran an% %a0+n% &a%&a&ala%60. Na&a%(alas(as n%#adl/an% %ani(+n% &a%aaca6cK ni JOSE RIZAL, dail sa is6n% cas)la(an% inila(alK n%#

&an(6s na si *err Ferdinand =l)en(ri(( sa icasa&)n% (oo n%#InternationalesArchiv fiur Ethnographie, n%#;


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%#a a&)&)(-n% na%aaral a( %a0on din n%#%#a a0 cla0 ca0an%)i. 5ina%si0asa(ni0a an% %#a d)non% na na))col sa %#a l6i na(o(o7a3III4si06 &a%ca nan%0a0arin%dail sa isan% &al6isi&an% a0 caira&an% i'in-'i%a0 n%# &roesor a0 ind6()clasan% %a7-n n%#can0an% %#a casaaan% a&)&)(, a( sila90 nan%#a%sisila&i( sacan06 )&an% can06n% %a7-n c)n% &a&aano. an0an% &ina%didilidili a( i(in)()(ol an%laa( n%#i(+, indi d6il sa is6n% &a%(a(a%)&a0 ni0an% sarili, c)n% di dail sa is6n%

&a%(a(a%)&a0 n%#can06n% %#a ca'a'a0an. Dail di(o90 sa cole%io n%#a na%&asi)l/an% can06n% &anini76lan% na%c6ca&an(a0 an% -si& a( c60a n%# %#a e)ro&eo a( n%#%#a iniosa &a%%a7a n%#ano an% 'a%a0. A( sa laa( n%#i(o90 na&a%(alaca0an ni0an%a%caca&an(a0 an% ca()()'on% isi& n%#e)ro&eo a( n%#indio.

1An% )nan% &inaca'n%#a n%#na&a%(alaca0an% i(+ a0 an% &a%ca&a%'alac ni RIZAL,na c)n% a&a%)na7a sana n%# can0an% %#a ca'a'a0an, na ca7an%#is n%# can06n%

&a%ca)na7a, an% &a%caca&an(a0&an(a0 na i0an, i(o90 a%)i%)in% isan% &araan )&an%ai&ailan%lan% an% d)non% n%# %#a ili&ino. D)a(-n% si0a sa &anini7alan% a(6as

an% &a%iisi& sa &a%aaral n%#%#a (a%alo% ca0 sa %#a cas(ila Ban% il6n% %#a cas(ilan%n%# &ana+n% 0ao90 can06n% na8ilala a( can06n% sinsasa'i n%# 'oon% %al6c an%cadailana9( d)a(-n% si06 sa %ani(on% &anini7al/. Sa %ani(o90 can06n% sinasa'iUSa%#a cole%io sa ain a0 isin6sa0sa0 na la6( sa 7ican% cas(ila, ca()()'on% 7ica n%#%#a cas(ila, a( 7ican% indi nain 8ilal6 ca0/ n%#a9( dail di(o90 8ina8ailan%#annain% a%&)ili( n%#i%)i( ca0 sa canil6 sa &a%&i%a n%#&a%i-si&, )&an% a)na7K a(aisa0s60 an% isan% '6%a0 a( sa &a%ca9( %a0a n%#a n%# sina'i co na, na 7alan%na8i8i(an% i&ina%cacai'an% an+ an n%#%#a cas(ilK a( n%#%#a indio sa %#a cole%io, a(0aan% %a0o90 a(6as an% &a%i-si& nain ca0 sa canil6.UMa0 &a%aasid &asi06n% %)ina7a, na sa can0690 na%da%da% n%#&a%aalinlan%#an sa da(in% (a%l60 na ni06,

()n%col sa ca(aasan n%# &a%i-si& n%# %#a cas(ila. G)ina7/ ni0a an% &a%aas-d,()n%col sa inaac6la n%# %#a cas(ilan% sil690 a0 cara&a(6n sa lalon% alala8-n%

&a%%alan% a( &a%&a&ac)'a'a n%#%#a inio, sa&a%ca9( nanini76la an% %#a i(+n% an%%#a a&)&)(, dail laan% sa sila90 a&)(i, a0 &a7an% i&inan%#an6c sa is6n% l&an%lalon% a%al-n% ca0 sa l&a n%#%#a inio. Na&a%(an(o n%#&ana+n% i0+n ni RIZAL, naan% &a%%alan% a( &a%&a&ac)'a'an% i0+n n%#%#a iniosa cas(ilaUsa &a%ca9( si0an%i(in)ro n%#%#a cas(ila sa %#a inioUa0 indi laan% dail sa i&inal6la%a0 na &a7an%%alin% sila sa l6in% a(6as, c)n% di sa &a%ca9( isan% &araan )&an% aic)'l- an% (aco(a( an% ala'is na &a%i'i% sa sarilin% ca(a76n. An% (aco(, sa &a%ca9( sa (i8-s na &a%a-s na sa canila90 %)in6%a7/, i&inal6la%a0 nilan% an% %#a a&)&)( a0 &an%#inoonnil6 a( si06n% sa canila90 na%aa06ri a( an% ala'is na sa canilan% sarili90 &a%i'i%, &ali'asa90 canil6n% na&a%8ilala an% ca)%alian n%# %#a e)ro&eo a( na&a%)na7an% dail sa ca&alal)an% (a%la0 n%# %#a i(o, a0 a8i8ina'an% sila c)n% sila90a%&a8i(a n%#&ai'a'67 na &a%&a&ac)'a'/, a( %a0on n%#/ an% canilan% %)in6%a7/.a0a n%#a9( indi 8inal)l)%dan cai9( ca)n(i an n%# %#a indio an% %#a e)ro&eonan%#a%&a&ac)'a'a c)n% na6ara& sa canila, n%#)ni9( &ina%(a(a7an6n sil6 c)n%nan%#6(a(alicod, lin-li'ac an% canil6n% &an%#)n%#)sa&, a( indi na%&a&a8i(a n%# cai(


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)n(in% (and/ n%#&ai'a'67 na sa canila90 &a%%6lan%. Dail sa indi na(ar+c n%#%#acas(ila an% (na0 na caisi&6n n%# %#a inio, saan(alan% na&a%(an(on% l)'+s n%#%#a inioan% ()na0 na caisi&an n%#%#a cas(ila, i&inal6la%a0 ni RIZALna aina an%

&a%i-si& n%#%#a a&)&)(i ca0 sa can0an% %#a ca'a'a0an..... Nan% si0a90 &anaon%'a(a &a, cailan an% ar-rini% + a'a'asa ni0a an% &a%&a&ala%a0 n%#%#a a&)&)(isa can06n% l6i a0 na&o&oo(, na&&)n an% can0an% &so n%#%6li( n%#a0o90 indi nanan%0a0ari sa can0a i(+ sa &a%ca9( c)n% n6rir-n%#i% ni06 an% %a0+n din% %#a

&a%&a&ala%60, na%cacasi06 na l6an% si06 sa &a%n%#i(i a( isinasaalaala ni0a an%casa'i6n% rancs 1tout co!prenre" c&est tout paronner$3>413IV4

An% a-la' na i( ni RIZALna a&a)nlac6n an% can06n% l6 an% si06n%(o(oon% naca&a%)d0+c sa can06 sa &a%s)s)a8i( sa &a%aaral an%6n% sa can06n%(a)-n an% l)'6n% anin%n-n% a( arain% %#a &an%)lon% %an(in% &6lK n%#cole%io, na sino a90 7al6n% nacai%)-(.

Dinal6 si RIZALn%# can06n% casi&a%an an%6n% sa a%sana0 sa escultura34

n%#7al6n% na%()(rW.

N%#&ana+n% i0+90 %)a7/ si06 n%#is6n% a%and6n% lara7an n%#Vir%en% Mar-a,na an% %)inai( ni0690 an% a(i%6s na cao0 na 'a(ic)l-n% a( an% i&ina%)8i( ni0a90isan% carani7an% cortaplu!asl6an%. Nan% a8i(a n%#can06n% %#a aes(ron% &6ran% caan%#aan%#an% lara7an% i06n a0 (inan+n% nil6 si06 c)n% aca%a%a7/ na6n n%#is6n% lara7an n%# a6l na &sW ni Jess na&aoo si06, a( ind nalaon a( can0an%ni06r a( i'ini%60 sa na%&a%a7/ sa can06, na (o(oon% 8inal)%dan din% %a0a n%#)na.

Nan% ica > n%# Dicie're n%# (a+n% ; a0 8ina(K ni0a a( 'inasa sa is6n%

ala8-n% caies(aan sa A(eneo an% isan% ()l/, na &in)ri n%# la6(, na an% &aa%a(a0 ELEM=AR!EB'i!no ( la flota e Magallanes.34

Na%aaral si06 n%#icali6n% (a+n n%#'acillera(o sa A(eneo M)nici&al n%#ca(ainni06 an% isan% ()l/ na can06n% &inaa%a(6n%)or la eucaci*n reci#e lustre la

)(tria.3


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;


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an arain% %#a cas(-lK a( (a%alo% an% nan%#a%si&a%ar6& n%#canicanilan% 3V4%a7/,siRIZALan% na%ca-( n%#&an%#)lon% %an(in%&6lK.

Nan% (a+n% s))nod, ;


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Sa&a%ca9( sa ara7ara7 a0 nil-li'ac a( nilalai( n%# isan% railen% &roesor sa!niXersidad an% %#a es()dian(e, ind naca(i-s si RIZAL, i&ina%san%al6n% ni06 an%can06n% %#a casaa6n sa is6n% ai%&-( n%#)ni9( a&i(a%an% &an%#an%#a(7iran, a( an%na%)in% casa%)(a90 an% &an)n)&/ n%#can06n% ca(edr6(ico, na cail6n a90 indi ni0a

&al6la'asin si RIZALsa al-n an% e6en.

Dail sa nan%0arin% i0o90 ina%al-n% ni RIZALan% &as6 Es&aHa a( do+na%&a()lo0 n%# &a%aaral, a( sa&a%ca9( s)an%a0on an% can06n% aa9( in6, si0a90l))lan sa Xa&or na an% ()n%#o90 sa =arcelona, n%#ica P n%#Ma0o n%#;4an% -si& da(a&7a9( saMa0nila90 a0roon. =a%6 an (alas(6s ni06n% (o(oon% carani7an% %ai( na, %a0+na90 %)ina7/ rin ni RIZALsa is6n% &ananali(6n% al)n%c+(, a( a0 a7i% na isi&-n,n%#)ni9( alos la%)in% a'ana0ad, &ali'asa90 !ithi ang !acatulong ng/ cahi&t u6ha

ng/uni&t !aala# na pag,ani#. 1T)lad sa %#a e'reo n%#)na ani RizalUna iniaando%sa (e&lo an% %#a )nan% ')n%#a n%# canil6n% &a%i'i%, ca-, di(o sa L!5ANG I=A,ia6la0 nain an% %#a )nan% &ananali(/ sa 6in% '60an% na'a'alo( n%#!g/ aalap(apa( ng/ !g/ a ulap ng/ u!aga, na ind na%aali7 an% ca%andaa9( i7a%an%an0 a( 8ali%ali%a0a n%#)ni9( l6lW n%#&inacas-sin(a, saan(alan% sa can0a90 &)a&ana7a( l)6la0,1 Sa %an6n% ca0 RIZALUani Re(anaUan% Es&aHa90 L!5A NG I=A sa%an6n% 8an0690 7al/ n%##a7ang sariliB&6(ria c)n% d an% Fili&inas. *ind s)asa-si&
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ni0K an% !aliit na #a7ang sariliB1&6(ria cica1 a( an% !ala6ing #(7ang sariliB1&6(ria%rande1 na (o(oon% carani7an na ni(on% %#a )l-n% na%daan% (a+n an% !aliita0 an%

'60an, an% lala7i%an + c)n% dil ca0690 an% is6n% &ani% a( an% !ala6ia0 an% 'oon%naci+n, sa& n%# %#a i'6n% l)&a-n% nas6saco&, cai9( an+n% &a%cala0l60W an%8in6lala%0an. An% !ala6+ng #a7ang sarili, 8)n% sa is6n% ili&inon% ()na0 nana8i8iani' sa Es&aHa a0 7al/ n%# i'a 8)n% d an% l)&a-n% Es&aHa, na cala8-& an%can06n% %#a nasasaco& sa ca'ilan% i'a0o n%# da%a(, a( an% !aliita0 an% &ani%.

N%#)ni9( ca0 RIZALa0 7al6n% !aliit+ !ala6ing #a7ang sarili, c)n% d =AYANGSARILI na sa %an6n% can0690 ind an% ala'/, ind an% %#a 'a0an% an% sali(a907i8an% (a%alo%, ind an laan% an% &)l n%#L)s+n%, c)n% d an% ca&isanan n%#%#a

&)l+n% n6()clasan ni Ma%allanes. *ind laan% i(o sa %an6n% ca0 RIZAL, an%Es&aHa90 ind inang #a7an i(o90 arail a0 sa es(izon% cas(-lK, sa %#a a0 d)%+n%cas(-lK da(a&7a9( ind sa (6on% a0 d)%+n% dalisa0 n%#(a%6 casilan%#anan ...

1*ind ali)(an ni06, an% sarilin% l&KU1Naroroon 3an% sa'i ni RIZAL4 an%

%#a )nan% %)ni(ain% nan%0ari n%#&anaon% ca)s)san, asa06n% haang3;48ilal6laan% n%#ca'a(aan sa&a%ca9( doo90 na()()lo% an% 'oon% isan% &anaon% nacaraan na3ang #a7ang !a7 casarinlan4 a( naaanina%na%an an% &ana+n% d6ra(in% 3angcatu#usan ng/ lahi sa pa!a!ag,itan ng/ pag,aaral4 sa&a%ca9( sa can06n% %#aca%)'6(an a( sa can06n% %#a da)6n, sa 'a7a9( c6o0, sa 'a7a9( ')laclac,naaasd6n nin0+n% na)8i( an% alaala sa al-n an (6on% in0+n% %)ini%)ili7, na%a0a rin n%# can06n% inin%#6 sa an%#in% a0 (a%la0 na 'an%#+, na %a0a n%# can06n%a7i( sa la%asl6s n%# %#a 'a(is, na %a0a n%#can06n% n%#i( sa 'aa%ari n%# lan%#i( + n%#can0an% %#a ')n(+n%inin%#6 sa ind a&a%76rin% da-n% n%# an%#in sa %a'- ...1UAn% %ani(+n% %#a &ananali(a90 (ala%an% ca0 RIZAL il6la sa aca)l)%6n, sa a0

(in)()co0 an% %#a &ananali(6n% a0 3VII4-i% n%# i76%K, i(o n%#/ an% an0 n%#can06n% &a%s)la(, an% can06n% ca)%alian, a( alos 7al6n% a8i8i(an% 'a%a0 na

&rosa3;4+ ()l/ na can06n% 8ina(/ na ind i(+ an% n6aasid na an% 'a7a9( a0-si&, cai9( carani7an l6an% an% (6las a0 a%6d a&a%7a76r sa %#a sla( ni RIZAL,an% %#a caisi&6n sa &aaa0an% na%aar sa ')d n%#l)'an% air)%)-n% 0a+n sa8ina%)isnan% l&KU1[*ind nac6ca(ca( cail6n an Ban- RIZAL an% &a%sin(6 sa8ina)la(an% l&K, &a%c/ an% &a%sin(6n% i(o90 naca&asoc sa &)sW sa&a%ca9( (ala%an%(a%l60 na ni06 an% (a(6c n%# Lan%#i( na si06n% i8ina&a%)i%)in% 7al6n% ca(a&)s6n a(

&a%ca7al6n% &a%cas-rK.1UA( isin)nod &a%daca an% %ani(+n% %#a sa'i, na ana8i i'i%ni0an% &alacs-n an% loo' a( i(ai(- sa &sW n%# %#a (6on% &ina%(a(ala%6n n%#cas)la(an% i0+n an% &a%-'i% sa 8ina)la(an% l&KU1ail6n a90 casa'i6n% an%

&a%sin(a an% si06n% lalon% aca&an%0arian% na%))d0oc n%#%#a ca%a%a7an% lalon%da8ilK c)n% %a0o90 (alas(as-n% sa la6( n%#%#a &a%sin(a, an% sa 8ina%)isnan% 'a0anan% si0an% na%')n%#a n%# %#a %a76n% lalon% alala8-, lalon% %#a 'a0ani a( lalon%7al6n% cas-n% dalisa0. =asain nin0+ an% *is(oria1 ... 5a%ca(a&os na aisa0sa0 sail6n% &an%c6( na (o(oon% a(a+s a( aca(7iran an% &ananali(/, )&an% &a(o(oanan% sa

')a0 na i(o90 &a7an% adal-n% l)-&as an% la6( sina'i naan ni06, an%
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nan%0a0ari &a% la%ana& n%#si%67 na 8ang 6ina!ulatang lupa&7 su!asapang/ani#9an%sarisarin% &a%&a&acaira& a( &a%aa0in n%# ')a0 na 8inacailan%#an% %a7-n....Da(a&7a9( 8hini cailang/ an9 8Ipinagsangal(ng ang nag#ig(7 #:ha7; 8gu!an(p ng/isang catungculan9 Si .oro * si Le*nias"3;


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an% 'ala'al a( i(ina(a&on an% ce(ro a( na%darai( n%#ai(i na l)cs/ sa can06n% %#aan6c na naa(60.

5acasin(a-n n%#a na(in si06 a%&acail6n an, an+ an an% a(in% caina(nan, a(o7a% (a0on% )an%#ad n%# i'an% 'a%a0 c)n% d an% can0an% ic(gagaling. )n%

a%ca%a0o90 aca()()&ad (a0o n%#alins)nod sa (acd/ n%#Dios na da&a( na ca)c)lan n%#san%ca(aoan, na d i'6 c)n% d an% ca)sa0an a( ca&a0a&aan n%# la6( n%# can06n%%#a 8ina&6l.

[a0+n% &67an% na7al6n na n%# i(in an% calolo7a ca0+n% nan%#as)%a(an sa&so9( isaisan% na8i(a nin0+n% nan%la%as an% %#a &a%asan% caali7ali7, a( ca7an%#isn%#%#a cao0 c)n% &anaon% (a%%)in67, n%#a0+n% sal6( ca0+ sa ')lacl6c a( %a0+n dinsa %#a d6on, a( 'a%6 an nais nin0+ an% )i'i%, n%#)ni9( 7al/, ca0+n% 6s)&on%na sa in0o90 car6&a(d6&a( nari0an an% (in)')an% l&K\ [Si0a90 in0+n% sin(a-n\

Si0a90 in0+n% sin(a-n, [o, si06 n%#/\ da(a&7a9( ind na ca7an%#is sa &a%sin(6 sa

(in)')an% l&K n%#)nan% &ana+n% %)6%ana& n%#%#a a'a'an%#-s na &a%'a'an6l, nai&ina%'a'a7al a( in6asaa n%# ()na0 a( dalisa0 na a%and6n% ca)%alian a( n%#inan% Na()raleza3@C4 na o7a% i&a%a%al-n% an% al-n% si%6'o n%# ')d, n%#

&a%7a7as6c a( n%# cal)&i(6n ind, 1l6lon% caa0a60an% &a%')')c6n% li7a0760 an%s)isilan% sa a'+( n%#(an671, asasan%a0/ a( %#a &a0a&an% ila7, na s%W n%#')a0a( ca&a0a&aan sa ca7acasa90 an% li7a07a0 na ()na0 n%# cacris(ian)an,(a%a&a%'ali(an% &an%#)nain n%#alili%a0a a( &an6(a% na %#a 6ra7. a()n%c)lan n%#ana(in an% an)n(+n sa aira& lacaran, n%#)ni9( (aiic a( a&a%'i%a0 &a8ina'an% salandas n%#D)non% na &a()n%#o sa 15a%cas)lon%1 a( )lK ri0a90 1sa &a%cacaisan% i(a( iniin%# ni Jes)cris(o sa %a'- n%#can0an% &a%cacas68i(.1

1G)a7a n%# sarilin% 'a0an n%# sarilin% 'a0an cai9( %aano an an% a%)in%caala%aan an% si0an% lalon% asilac'+n% nais ni RIZAL, n%#)ni( cara&a(da&a( nasarilin% 'a0an....1

A( si0an% ca(o(oanan a0on sa can0an%, %#a %)ina7/.

*ind na% (a%al si 1Rizal1 sa =arcelona. S)asa Madrid na si0a n%#)nan% ara7 n%#Oc()'re n%# sina'i n%# (a+n% ;


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Saan(alan% na%aaral si RIZALa0 &ina%6asid naan ni0a an% ca)%alian a(an0 n%# %#a cas(-lK. Nan%alin% si RIZALsa is6n% 'a0an% linl)8l)can n%#

&a%'a'anal'analan, n%#d 7as(+n% %#a &anana&ala(a0a, n%#%#a &a%%)%ol n%#sala&)&an% 0)aan a( aca%)on sa l)%+d a( la0a7 an% %#a 7alan% i'an% %a7/ c)n%d an% an%da0K sa %#a 3I^4an%#al... %alin% si Rizal sa isan% 'a0an% sa calol7a9(ca(a7an a0 a0 7alan% an%an% ca&an%0arian an% %#a raile, ili(ar, e&leado a(cas(-lK. Sa Madrid a0 na8i(a ni06n% ind %a0+n lin-li'ac n%#%#a li#repensaor3@;4a(n%#%#a aleo3@@4n%#'oon% cala0Kan an% canilan% reli%i+n% ca(+lica a&os(+lica roanaa( an% canilan% i%lesia ca(+licaa&os(+lica roana n6asid ni06n% alii( na (o(oo an%ca&an0arian doon n%#Go'ierno ind ni0a na&anood an% acala ni0an% an%0a06rin%

&a%(a(6lo(alo n%# %#a 1li'eral13@P4a( n%# %#a 1clerical13@Q4 'a%cos &a n%#a ni0an%n68i(an% adal6s na na%lal6'al a( na%cac6isa an% %#a 1re&)'licano13@>4a( an% %#a1carlis(a13@4)&an% canilan% as)nd)an an% an+ an% ninanais. Na%dadasi RIZALn%#ala8in% sacl6& n%#loo' n%#can0an% &a%s)a%)in an% 7alan% adlan% naan+ an% &a%(a(aasa n%

# %

#a cala0Kan sa Es&aHa, a( an% ca&an0arian%

cala8ila8ian n%# %#a raile sa Fili&inas, na si0an% ')-'i%(i sa lain% c60an%)i.5ina%&ili(an ni0an% a8ilala an% an0 n%# %#a i'a9( i'an% 1&ar(ido &ol-(ico13@4saEs&aHa a( na&a%)na7a ni0an% ind cara&a(da&a( &)riin an% %#a e)ro&eo ()n%c+l sa

'a%a0 na i(o. Na8i(a ni0an% an% 'a7a9( &ar(ido, an% laa( n%# &ar(ido a0 a0a%a%anda a( cainainaan% %#a &ala()n()nan da(a&7a9( nai7a(i%an ni06n% 'a%aan a0 an%#isan%#isan% na%&a&a%al sa )d0o8 n%#lalon% 7a%6s a( dalisa0 na an%#6d,n%#)ni9( 6los an% laa( a0 7alan% &ina%sisica&an c)n% d an% sar-lin% ca%alin%#an.Saan(alan% ind &a nan%#a&a&aal6l sa a(a(aas na ca()n%c)lan% inii(, (o(oon%sin)s)0W an% %#a (6on% an%aal6l, a( sa canila90 i&inan%#an%#acW an% l)'an%

arain% 'a%a0, a( c)n% aca(an na an% an%#6d a0 ind %)ina%ana& an% &an%#acWa( linilio( na (i8-s an% %#a na%alal sa canila. Marai sa %#a an%aalal nai'ini'i%a0 an% canil6n% Xo(o, indi sa (6on% ()na0 na a0 cara&a(6n, c)n% d sana8i)sa& sa canila n%#ind nil6 ai06n% canilan% &ina&an%#inoon na ind an% ()na0na a0 %#a na%a7an% ca%alin%#an n%# isan% (6o sa 'a0an an% canilan% (ini(in%nan,c)n% d c)n% an% (aon% i0a90 aina a%sasali(/, ari8-( a%(al)&a(, a%al-n%s)0o + naca%a%an(in% &6lK n%#sala& + i'a &an% &a%'i'i0a0/ na an% si0a na &o9(si0a sa sandaan% e)ro&eo90 nanini7alK sa %#a sinasa'i sa canil6 n%# %#a

&aaa0a%an, na ind an laan% sinisi0asa( c)n% 0ao90 (o(oo + ind, c)n% na saca(7iran + 7al/ sa ca(o7iran sa is6n% sali(/ na8i(a ni06n% ca7an%#is din n%# %#a

(6on% '60an di(o an% %#a (6on% '60an do+n.2alan% an+ an% inila(alK si Rizal na an+ an% cas)la(an, )la n%# can0an%

liain n%#;


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Nan% @> n%# J)nio n%# (a+n% ;


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1I(o n%#a an% cadailanan ca0/ ca0+90 nan%#a%caca&isan n%#a0+n. Ma0 %#a&an%#alan sa is(oria n%# %#a 'a0an% sila laan% a0 na%&a&a8ilala na n%# is6n%nan%0ari a( na%&a&aalaala n%# %#a &a%%)i%)ili7an a( n%# %#a cada8ilaan %#a

&an%#alan% 7an%#is sa is6n% ca'a'ala%6n% i76%K na na%6ara& sa a(in% %#a a(6n%# %#a caisi&6n% caa0aa0a a( caali7ali7 %#a &an%#alan% an% 8inaoo7ia90 isan%

&a%cac6s)nd, isan% sa%)-sa% n%# ca&a0a&/an, is6n% (6l n%# &a%sisin(6an n%# %#anaci+n. Na))col sa %#a %ani(+ an% %#a &an%#alan ni L)na a( ni *idal%o nilili7ana%ann%#canil6n% %#a caran%#alan an% dala76n% dlo n%#dai%di% an% asilan%#anan a( an%al)n)ran an% Es&aHa a( Fili&inas. Sa &a%sasali(/ co n%# dala76n% &an%#alan% i(o90na8i8ini8ini(6 co an% dala7an% na%n-nin%nin% na 'alan(+c na na%))la ca&o7a saa%ca'ic6'ilan% dacon% i0on a( na%cacalica7, &a%da(in% sa cai(aasan, sa )d0+c n%#

&a%%)i%)ili76n n%# iis6n% &inan%alin%#an, a( ')a( sa cai(aasan% i0a90 &a&a&a%isa-nan% 1dala7an% 'a0an1 sa &aaa%i(an n%#7alan% ca(a&)s6n% &a%cac6isa, 1dala7an%

'a0an% 1a%caca'al cai9( &a&a%i7ala0in 3^I4n%# %#a da%a( a( n%# cala0)an1dala7an% '60an%1 ind si')l6n nan% 1%

#a 'in n%

#&a%ii7ala0 na i(ina(ani n%

#%#a na')')la%an% (ao a( n%# canil6n% cal)&i(6n.1 a&o7a ca&)ri6n si L)na9( si*idal%o n%#Es&aHa9( n%#Fili&inas sa &a%c69( c)n% i&inan%#an6c an sil6 sa Fili&inas a0an%0a0ari rin na6n% ai&an%#an6c sa Es&aHa. 2al6n% sarilin% 'a0an an% ca(aasann%# -si& an% ca(aasan n%# isi& a0 ()lad sa ila7, sa an%#in &a%aari n%# la6( 7alan%sarilin% 'a0an% %a0a n%# alan%alan%, %a0a n%# ')a0 a( %a0a n%# Dios. 1BM%#a

&ac&acan1

1L)ili&as na sa Fili&inas an% a(a(andan% ca)%alian an% aririn%#al na %a7a n%#can0an% %#a an6c a0 ind na nan%0a0ari laan% sa loo' n%#sarilin% 'aa0 inii7anna n%#&ar+&ar+n% silan%#an an% sarilin% 'aa0 sa %#a l)&ain% 0ao90 i&ina8i8ilala na

an% &a%))a%a n%#is6n% aa'an% ara7, sa &aaa%i(an n%#aninin%nin% na cla0a( na))la)lan% &a%')')can% li7a07a0, a( an% l6in% i0+n% na%)%)la0la0 sa

'oon% %a'- n%#is(oria, saan(alan% l)ili)ana% an% ara7 sa i'69( i'6n% l)&a-n, )ln%#a0+n% %)i%)isin% na 8)-8ini% sa )n(+% n%#elec(ricidad na sa can0690 %)i'-c sa

&a8i8i&ana06 sa %#a 'a0an% cal)n)ran, a( 1iniin%# an% ila7, an% ')a0 an%ciXilizaci+n%1 n%#)na90 canil6n% inana na &ina&a%(i'a0 an% 7al6n% ca(a&)s6n% %#ala%d/ n%# ind na%lilica( na &a%%)lon% n%# &ana+n, n%# %#a &a%cac6i'a9( i'a, n%# dina%aali7 na &a%aaliali, n%#&a%slon%.1

1I(o90 nalalaan nin0+n% a%al-n% a( i&ina%d6dan%#al na nin0+ ca0+ an% a0

%a7/ n%# ca%andaan n%# %#a 'rillan(e n%# coronan% (a%la0 sa )lo n%# Fili&inas an%Fili&inas an% na%'i%a0 n%# %#a 'a(+, an% E)ro&a an% 8)i8il a( n%# n)in%n-n%. A(&inanonood na(in% la6( n%# 'oon% &a%diri76n% ca0o90 an% in0on% 06r cai90 an%nin%#as, an% lac6s, an% %#a 'a(+n% ain% 'i%a0. 1BMaina na (o(oo.1

1Inin+ nil6 ro+n an% cal)%odl)%od na (alin%6%K n%#Na()raleza Na()ralezan%da8-lK a( ca8ila8ila'o( sa can0an% &a%7a7as6c, sa can0an% &a%lacad na 7al6n%)&60, sa can0an% ind a&a%l-ri& na lac6s. Na()ralezan% a(i06s, &a06&K a(


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al)n%co( sa can0an% %#a &a%sasa0sa0 na ind na%l-lica( a( ind na%'a'a%oinilili'a% n%# Na()ralezan% i(o an% can06n% (a(6c sa la6( n%# can06n% linalalan% a(i'in)n%#a. Ta%l60 n%# can06n% %#a an6c an% (a(ac na i06n sa6n an sil6 &)aro+n.)n% ind &acasi0asa(in nin0+ an% canil6n% %#a 6sal, an% canil6n% %#a %a7/, a(cai9( 'a'aa%0/ an an% &a%ca8ilala nin0+ sa '60an% i0+n, a8i8i(a nin0+n% na sala6( na &aran% si0an% '))')W n%# can06n% dnon%, %a0a n%# calolo7an% si0an%naaa(n)%o( sa la6(, ca7an%#is n%#na%&a&a%al67 sa is6n% 6)ina, (lad sa an0+n%

&an%#lo, ca&aris n%# )nan% ca%ai(6n. *ind an%0a0arin% ind s)ilan% an%(ala%an% can0an% dinarada, ind an%0a0arin% si0a90 a%)in% is6n% '6%a0 a(i'6n% '6%a0 an% %a7-n sa dacon% i'a'a7 c)n% 'a%6 an na%cac6i'a, alic6(Kl6an%. Sa 1S&oliari)1, sa lic)ran n%# &in()ran% i0an% ind &i&- a0 naririn%#i% an%ca%)l)an n%# arain% (ao, an% si%a7an n%# %#a ali&in, an% (a%)in(in%#an n%# %#a

'al)(i9( sanda(a n%#%#a 'an%c60, an% a%)l)lan n%#&an%#)n%#)lila, an% %#a -%)in% n%#dalan%#in, na na&a%7a7ari an% an0 a( ca(o(oanan% ()lad sa &a%carin%#-% sada%)nd+n% n%

#c)l+% sa %)i(n/ n%

#alac6s na in%

#a0 n%

#ala8in% a%os n%

#()'i% na

')a'a%s6c )l/ sa a(aas, + an% &an%#in%#in-% na nacalala%)i a( ca%)la(%)la( n%#lind+l. An% Na()ralezan% naaa%)i(nK sa &a%cacaroon n%# %#a 'a%a0 na i0on a0si0a r-n% naaa%)i(nK sa &incel na l)6la%d/ n%# &in()ra. =ilan% ca&al-( ni(o90()-(i'oc sa c)adro ni *idal%o an% isan% (o(oon% dalisa0, &a%&a&a8ilalan% l)'+s n%#cal)n%c)(an, n%#ca%andaan a( cainaan% &a7an% i&inaaac n%#a'an%#-s na lac6sa( %a0+n, &ali'asa90 inian6c si *idal%o sa silon% n%#anin%nin% na azl n%#lan%#i( saFili&inas, sa &a%&a&ala0a7 n%#ainin% ii& n%#aian% %alin% sa %#a cara%a(andoon, sa %)i(n/ n%# ca(aiican n%# doo90 %#a da%a(an, sa i7a%an% caali7ali7 n%#can0an% %#a ca&a(a%an% l&K a( cari8i(di8i(an% &a%cacaa0os n%#can0an% %#a ')nd+c

a( n%#%#a 3^II4')nd+c na na%caca(ani(anical/.1a0/ na ca0 L)na an% %#a lili, an% %#a &a%cacala'6nla'an, an% %#a

na%iin%#alon% li7ana%, an% (alin%6%K a( an% ca8ila8ila'o(, '-lan% alin%#a7n%#67 n%#adidil- na si%76 sa l)&a-n% aini(, n%#%#a 8idl6( a( n%#a))%on% na &a%')%6 n%#can06n% %#a Xolc6n ca0/ ca0 *idal%o90 &a7an% li7ana%, %#a c)la0, &a%caca'a%a0

'a%a0, dadain, ali7alas, ca7an%#is n%# Fili&inas sa %#a %a'-n% a0 '7an, sacan06n% %#a ara7 na (aiic, sa %#a naaa'o( doon n%#(an67, na &a7an% )aa8i( sa

&a%didilidili a( doo90 in-))%o0 an% 7al6n% ca(a&)s6n. A( an% dala76, cai9( l)'6n%na%cac6i'a, sa an0 an laan%, a0 na%cac6isa c)n% %an6& na lilinin%#in ca7an%#isna6n n%# &a%cacais6 n%# a(in% %#a &son% la6(, 'a%6 an (o(oon% nan%#a%cac6i'aan% dala76n% i(+, sa canil6n% &a%&a&aanina7, sa &aaa%i(an n%#canil6n% 1&ale(a,1n%# cari8i(di8i(an% sica( n%# ara7 n%# (r+&ico3@


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i17as(on% caisi&6n,1sa !aling panana!palata7a at sa !g/ a licong cagaga


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ANG 5ALAT!NT!NAN NG AD*IA, *INDI NANGAGAASANGAYONANG MGA 5ASIYA NG ISI5.. BMaa'an% %#a &ac&acan.

Si L)na9( si *idal%o90 ()na0 n%#an% in0+ a( ()na0 rin naan% ain sila90 in0+n%sinisin(a, a( sa canila90 na&a&anood nain an% a%a%andan% %#a &a%asa, %#a

aaala%an% )lir6n. An% %#a ca'a(aan% ili&inon% na sa E)ro&a, na cailan a0asi%a'o an% loo', a( il6n &an% %#a (aon% nanana(ili an% %#a &sW sa &a%ca'6(K,&ali'asa90 la%)in% %)a%a7/ n%# %#a ca%alin%#an% dalisa0 sa )d0+c n%# canilan%alilinis na ')d, nan%#a%ando% ca0 L)na n%# is6n% corona, ainin% ala0, ()na0n%#an% alii( c)n% is)s)a% sa aala' nain% nais, n%#)ni9( si06n% lalon% csK a( si0anaan% lalon% al60K sa la6( n%#&a%aala0 na %)ina7/ an%a n%#a0+n.

Da(a&7a9( ind &a nasisi0aan an% Fili&inas n%# &a%8ilalan% )(an% na loo' sacan06n% ariril6% na %#a an6c, a( sa &a%cai'i% ni06n% ai&a8ilalan% %an6& an% %#acaisi&an% )))lic sa can06n% ')d, an% %#a dadain% sa &)so90 )aa7as, a( an%

%#a sali(6n% ()a(acas sa %#a l6', na&ari(o (a0on% la6( sa &i%)n% na i(+ )&an%&a&a%isain an% a(in% 6n%#ad, )&an% 'i%0an% ca()&aran an% &a%0a0aca&an% i06n n%#DALA2ANG LA*ING nan%#a%sisin(aan a( nan%#a%ii'i%an, na nan%#a%cacaisan% a0a&a( na raan% (aon na sa caasalan, sa &a%&a&ana0a, a( sa &aaa0an, !5ANGMANGYARING SA 5ANA*ONG DARATING NA ANG DALA2ANG LA*INGIYA9Y MAG!ING ISA LAMANG NAION SA =!D*I, sa can-canilan% %#aca()n%c)lan, sa canicanilan% &i(60K, sa canicanilan% %#a (a%la0 na 'i060K.B5ac&acan.

[I&ina%d-ri7an% co3@?4an% a(in% %#a ar(is(an% si L)na a( si *idal%o, ca&)ri6n%dalisa0 a( 7a%6s n%# DALA2ANG =AYAN\ [I&ina%diri7an% co an% %#a (6on% sacanila90 ())lon% )&an% sila90 aca(a%6l sa l)'6n% aira& na &a%sal)n%#a sa land6sn%# Ar(e\ [I&ina%diri7an% co, a( n%# )liranin n%# ca'a(aan% ili&ino, na 1inaasaan%a6l n%# AING SARILING =AYAN3PC4an% %a0+n% %#a ca%anda%andaan% %#aali'67K a( n%# an% in(ng Espa4a3P;4, na a&a%sica& a( a&a%alas68i( saica%6%alin% n%#can06n% %#a lala7i%an, 1&a%daca90 %a7-n an% %#a &a%'a'a%on% )(osna alaon n%#&ana+n% &ina%-isi&1 a0 daan na n%#araro a( an% l)&a90 ind c)(ad.[A( &ina%d-ri7an% co, sa ca7acas6n, an% ilili%a0a ni0on% %#a a%)lan% na sacanilan% &an%#)n%#)lila sa %)ili7 nil6n% %#a an6c, )l/ sa l)'an% ala0on% l)&ain%canil6n% (in6(aana90 sin)s)ndan n%#(i(i%, na 'as/ n%#lK a( n%#&son% ()-(i'+c nana%l6la%os sa %

#a da%a( a( sa cala0)an, a( 1iniaa0in sa al(ar n%

#ica%a%aln% n%

#la6(

an% %#a a(i0as na caali7an% (o(oon% na%sasala( &a%da(in% sa dacon% cal)n)ran n%#')a01, aaala%69( %#a ')%(+n% na ')lacl6c sa &ana+n% (a%%)in67 na s)isilan%sa %#a &a&an%#in n%# li'in%#an\UBMasilac'+n% %#a &ac&acan asi%a'on% %#a

&a%&)&)ri sa na%(al)&a(.

S))nod na nan%#a% (al)&a( si L+&ez Jaena 3na &inin(as6n n%# d ca76sK an%%#a raile4, si GoXan(es, 6rdenas, Del Val, il6n% %#a ili&ino, si Nin 0 T)do, M6s,
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_29_29http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_30_30http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_31_31http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_29_29http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_30_30http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_31_31


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Azc6rra%a, 3^IV4L)na Bna%&asalaa(, Re%dor, Fern6ndez La'rador, La'ra, Azc6rra%aB)lin% &a%(a(al)&a(, Mora0(a, Rodri%)ez orrea a( More(. Na(a&os an% &i%)-n%n%#ica ;@ n%#%a'.

5a8in%an na(in n%#a0+n an% sal-(K n%#cas(ilan% si D. 2enceslao E. Re(ana ()n%col

sa (al)&a( ni RIZAL.Gani(+ an% can0an% sina'i

1*ind n%# n%#/ acaiin%# n%# i%)-( &a sa ri(on% ca%andaan n%#&a%caca(al)&a( na%sali(/ si RIZALsa n%#alan n%# Fili&inas, na d (a%l60 an%&a%&a&ac)'a'an% in-in%# n%# %#a cas(-lK sa %#a an6c n%# 'a0an% i0on, c)n% d&aran% is6n% 1caani'1 na c)s/ n%# canil6n% caloo'an 1(a0o90 dala7an% 'a0an, (a0o90dala7an% l6, c)n% an+ ca0o90 %anoon din ca-, a( 0aan% %a0o90 i'i% nain an%in0on% i'i%. I&ina%cacai( 'a%6 sa ain an% inaac6lK nain% cara&a(da&a( na ain%(a)in... [Dilidiliin nin0o an% &ana+n% sasa&i(\... *ind an%0a0arin% ana(ili

a%&acail6n an an% casal)c)0an% cala%a0an n%#a0on 12al/ &an% is6 an laan%ili&ino, lalon%lal na c)n% %a0on% na sa ar6& n%# %#a cas(ilan% a0 a(a(6as naca()n%c)lan, na naca&an%#an%#aas a%sali(/ n%#%a0+n. I'i% ni RIZALna ana(ili an%

&a%sasaa n%# Es&aHa a( Fili&inas, n%#)ni9( 1iniin%# ni0a1, )&an% an%0ari an%&a%sasaan% i(+, na a%caroon an% %#a ili&ino n%#%#a ca(o7iran a( %#a ca(an%#an%8inaca(6n n%# %#a cas(-lK. I&inal6la%a0 ni0an% ala8-n% caa&i6n n%# can0an% l6c)n% d %a0+n an% an%0a0ari, a( ind n%#/ an%0a0arin% (iisin ni0a an% %a0+n%caali)raan. *an%an% di(o an% sa'i ni Re(ana. Nan% &ana+n% 0ao90 8inaca(/ nani RIZALan% noXelan%Noli !e tangere, na sa can0a90 a%&)&)(on% n%# 7alan%an%an% ca&)ri6n.

An% %#a )l-n% 'o7an n%#&a%c6(ir6 ni0a sa Es&aHa90 %)inai( ni0a sa &a%aaraln%# car)n)n%#an% na))col sa &a%%a7/ n%# %#a c(K Bor(iicaciones sa &ana+n%

&a%'a'aca, na an% %)inai( na sali(a90 an% 7ican% in%ls, a( a0 %#a di'):on%na%&a&ali7ana% n%#can0an% %#a isin)la(. 5inaa%a(6n ni06 an% %#a di'):on% i(+ n%#15ara&e(o Si&le.13P@41a'allo de risa.13PP41Tra&as delo'o.13PQ41Es(acada.13P>41Es(acada de &eril.13P41Re%las &ara de(erinar lasdiensiones de los &ara&e(os.13P4

Sina'i n%# cas(ilan% si Sr. Aador de los Rios, na na%)in% &roesor ni RIZALsa

!niXersidad n%# Madrid sa 7ican% 6ra'e, na cail6n an da7 a0 ind &a si0ana%cacaroon n%#ala%6d na acasin% (6las n%#isi& ni RIZAL.

=a%o )al-s sa Es&aHa90 nili'o( )na ni RIZALan% Andal)c-a a( Valencia, a(&ina%sica&an n0an% a)n67K an% an0 n%#%#a l)&a-n% i0+n a( an% ca)%alian n%#%#a(a%a roon.
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Nan% cala%a(ian na n%#(aWn% ;


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[La8in% &a%caca%)lo n%#%#a raile a( n%#la6( n%#%#a cas(-lK n%#a(alas(as nilaan% na&a&alaan% %#a casa0sa0an sa li'ro ni RIZAL\

5a%daca90 %)a7/ an% %#a raile n%# is6 a( 7al6n% i%c6( na &a%&)&)lon%.1[La8in% ca&)s)n%#an\ [Is6n% 1indio1 isan% 1acacon% indio1, isan% 1a(sin% na

indio1Uan% sa'ian nilaUan% nan%#an%#aas &)in(as n%#a(in% %#a ca%a%a7an\1Ma0 nas)&)n%#an si &6r 5edro 5a0o, railen% doinico a( casal)c)0an%

arzo'is&o di(o n%#&ana+n% i0+n, na is6n%Noli !e Tangere dinalidalin% 'inasa i(+ a(&a%ca(a&os a0 a%6d i&inadal6 n%# ica ;< n%# A%os(o n%# ;


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1Noli1, lal &an% ala8-, a( cai an ala8- an% 'a0ad, c)n% cas(-lK + es(izon%cas(-lK an% )aana& a0 ind aca8i(a ca0a9( na&ili(an an% %#a cas(-lK a( an% %#a

&)non% cas(-lK na a%&a'il- sa E)ro&a, a( sa&a%ca9( aina na &an%)d0+c sa anWan an% &a8i8ina'an% n%#li6, ani an%an% acasa&on% i'a0o, an% %#a cas(-lKrin an% nail- sa E)ro&a n%#Noli !e Tangeresa ala%an% anala&, a( sac6 dinal6 ri(on%#lii a( i&ina%'il- ri(o n%#lii sa ca&o7/ cas(-lK rin, sa %#a raile, sa %#a ili&inoa( sa %#a (a%a i'6n% l)&a-n sa ala%an% caal6cal6c na dala7a& an%an%dala7a&o9( lian% &iso an% is6.

Sa s)lsol ni &6r 5a0o a0 i&inadal6 naan n%# ca&i(an %eneral na si Terreroan%Noli !e Tangeresa 1oisi+n 5eranen(e de ens)ra13Q;4)&an% i(o90 a%la%60na6n n%# can06n% &asi0a. Si &6r SalXador Fon(, railen% a%)s(ino an% si0an%na%la%da n%# &asi06, na doo90 &inacacalai(lai( si RIZALan%an% sa (a7a%)in% is6n%1an%#al1 da7 na 7al6n% &a%&ala%0an sa ca(acsil6n a( sa6. An%Noli !e Tangere, an-

&6r Fon(, a0 isan% &a%la'6% a( &a))s+n% sa Reli%i+n n%#Es&aHa isan% &a%la'6% a(

&a))s+n% sa 5an%#asi7aan, sa %#a cas(ilan% ca%a7ad n%# Go'ierno a( sa %#aTri')nal n%#:)s(icia isan% &a%la'6% a( &a))s+n% sa )c'+ n%#G)ardia iXil, isan%

&a%la'6% a( &a))s+n% sa ica&a&ana(ili n%#%#a nasasaco& n%#Es&aHa, a( &a%ca(a&osn%#%ani(on% ')%s n%#1&a%la'a% a( &a))s+n%1 a0 sina'i ni0an% sa can0a ra7 &as0aa( ac6lK, a0 da&a( i&a%'a7al n%#ca&an%0arian n%#ca&i(6n %eneral an% &a%dadala ri(o,

&a%lili'a% )l ri(o a( &a%lala%ana& di(o n%# li'ron%Noli !e Tangere, na (o(oon%nacaca&aaac.

=)cod sa lalon% %#a casa8i(s68i( na %#a &a%ali)ra ca0 RIZALa( %#a&a%&a&ara(an% n%#%#a %a7an% ind an laan% na&a&ana%)ini& n%#a(in% ca&a(id na

Mar(ir, a0 idin)%(on% &a ni &6r Fon( an% %ani(on% %#a sali(/ 1ANG TANGING*ANGAD ni RIZALANG ASARINLAN NG L!5AING ITO, a( an% adica ni0a90i7ala( an% aal na ca(i'a0an n%#=a0an% sarili3Q@4, ni0an% =a0an% sarilin% sa can0a90na%'i%a0 n%# &a%ca(6o, na sa can0a90 na%ar%K a( na%&asso sa %#a di'di' naaran%#al, na sa can0a90 na%&acain n%#(ina&a0 a( n%#%#a aral n%#a%a%andan% asal a(an% Fili&inas na da(in% s)asa'a sa di (o(oon% Dios, an%an% a( aaala0 an%ca)%alian a0 %)ina7an% %ana& na 'a0an% ca(+lico, 'a0an% lalon% a0 cala0aan a(ar)non% sa la6( n%#%#a 'a0an% na')')a0 sa ilali 3^VII4n%#&a%(a(an%8ilic n%#%#anaci+n sa E)ro&a, a( an% lain% lalon% s)asali%a0a sa ilali n%# naca&a%'i'i%a0%)ina7an% lili n%#a&a%calin%#an% %#a ca)()san sa India1 ... a( i'a9( i'a &an% %#a

sali(an% na%&a&a8ilala n%#asilac'+ ni0an% &oo( ca0 RIZAL. A( 7ina7acasan ni0a n%#%ani(on% sa0sa0 1I(+ n%#/ an% &asi0a n%#na&iira sa i'a'/ ni(+, )&an% i&a%'a7al n%#ai%&-( an% di(o90 &a%la%ana& n%# li'ron% i(+ ... Ma0nilK, ica @? n%# Dicie're n%#;


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n%#arain% a'asa an% ca(/ niRIZAL, ca0a9( an% %)ina7an% i0on ni &6r Fon( a0si0an% naca()lon% n%#d ca7asa n%#&a%cala( n%#Noli !e Tangeresa 'oon% dai%di%.

A( ano an% sinasa'i sa li'ron% i0on )&an% acali%ali% n%#d ano laan% sa %#araile a( %#a cas(ila, aca'a%'a% n%# loo' n%# %#a ili&ino a( 'i%0an n%# d )%alin%

ca)l)%an n%# %#a (a%a i'an% l)&a-n Man%#a 'a%a0 na ind ial/, %#a 'a%a0 naindi da&a( &a%(a8an 7alan% sinasa0sa0 c)n% d an% cac(o(oanan na%c6al aco,7alan% sinasa0sa0 roon c)n% d an% c)la'+n% anino n%# ca(o(oanan n%# %#anan%0a0ari ri(o sa Fili&inas na &anana&alasan, &a%ais, &a%la&as(an%#an, &aniniran%

&)ri a( 7alan% lica( na &an%#)n%#)li'a( sa %#a ili&ino n%#%#a raile an% %#a &a%ir-n% a( &a%&a&aira& n%#%)ardia ciXil di(o, a( an% %#a id7an% ca%a%a7an n%#ilan sa%#a e&leado3QP4a( indi e&leadon% cas(ila. 2alan% sinasa'i sa li'ron% i0on c)n%d an% %#a id7an% caasal6n a( an% %#a al-n% &anana&ala(a0a n%#alos laa( n%#%#a ili&ino, a( an% canilan% la'is na &a%ca a&ani7alain sa laa( n%# sa canila90

&asa&ala(a0anan n%#%#a na%&a&an%a& na caalili n%#Dios, ni0an% Dios na (o(oon%

aa'a%)in, da8ila sa &a%ca asin(ain sa can0an% 8ina&al, 7alan% an%#%an an%&a%ca air)%)in sa ca(o7iran ni0an% nan%#a%&a&an%a& na corderon% aao,na%si&an)&an% anana(ili sa car)8aan, sa &a%&a&acalinis n%#')d a( calolo7a, sa

&a%la0 sa caala0an a( sa ar)r)in% la0a7 n%# ca(a7an, sa ()na0 na&a%&a&ac)'a'a a( &a%ca as)n)rin, 'a%o90 an% %)ina%a7a90 liis na liis sacanilan% %#a ca()n%c)lan% 'anal, sa canilan% %#a s)&/, sa %#a dadain n%#

'a7a9( (aon% a0 dalisa0 na caloo'an....

M)l/ ni0o90 na%cala0on% lalo an% da(in% na%cacai7ala0 n%# &a%(i(in%#inan n%#%#a cas(ila9( n%# %#a ili&ino, 'a%a an sa a0a%an, sa &ai'a'a7 a0 ind

na%'a'a%o. Na&o&oo( n%# d ca7asK an% %#a raile9( an% %#a cas(-lK na an% isan%1indion%1 %a0a ni Rizal a0 a%sali(/ n%# ca(o(oanan, a( nal)l)%od na6n an% %#aili&ino sa &a%cacasali(/ n%#ca(o(oanan% i0an. 5a8in%%an na(in an% sa'i n%#cas(ilan%si 2enceslao E. Re(ana ()n%col sa 'a%a0 na i(o

1[A( an+\ anan% %#a ili&inoUdi0a(a9( i&inalala%a0 na d ca&aslan%#an an% saara7 ara7 a( sa 'oon% &ana+n a0 s))la( n%# sarisarin% %#a &a%lai( a( %#a

&a%&a&ara(an% na la'an sa ain, a( n%#a0o90 aasaain nilan% an% is6n% ili&ino901insan%1 acas)la( n%#'oon% ca(o(oanan1

1Fili')s(era1 an% noXela ni RIZAL, sa &a%ca9( isan% ili&ino an% sinasa'in%

c)a(/ c)n% an% nala%a0 na c)a(a90 isan% cas(-lKUa( arai n%#a sa %#a cas(-lKan% d a%aalinlan%#an% a%sa'in% 0ao90 %a7/ ni0aUind n%#a nila &an%#an%#alanann%#%a0on.1

1In)li()li( ni os(a3QQ4an%an% sa na%sa7a an% sa'in% 1'a0an Ban% Es&aHa n%#%#a e)n)co13Q>4 a( sina'i naan ni !na)no3Q4an% %ani(o 1'a0an Ban% Es&aHa n%#%#a do7a%.1 Da(a&7a9( si os(a a( si !na)no90 ind i&inan%#anac sa Fili&inas.1
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D)a(in% sa Senado n%# Es&aHa n%# J)nio n%# ;


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ala8i &a arail an% &a%ca8ilala ni0a sa l)&ain% i(o a( sa %#a (a%ari(o ca0 saarain% na%&a&an%a& na nacaca8ilalan% l)'os sa san%ca&)l)an% i(+3QC4c)n% d an% %#a lai na an%

na&a%aalas laan% n%#%#a a&a%asid n%#%#a &a))a0 n%#'a7a9( naci+n a0an% &a%cacai'a9( i'a n%#cala%a0an n%#a0aan a( aira&, n%#aal a( (ia7a na sa%#a naci+n% lalon% %#a &aa, na %a0a 'a%a n%# Francia a( Aleania, an% lalon%arai sa %#a nananaan doo90 casin% &an(a0 rin n%#cala%a0an n%#&a%iisi& n%#%#a(a%alo%, a( an% c)la0 n%# 'ala(, &ananai( a( 7ican% %)ina%ai( an% 'ilan% cai'anlaan%.1

1Na an% &a%-isi& a0 ()lad sa %#a ca0aanan a( c)n% a0 %#a naci+n%

a0aan a( aira&, a0 a0 %#a (ao rin% aira& a( a0aan c)n% a0na%'a'alac na (6on% si0a90 i&inan%#anac na &a%daca90 a0aan, an% %a0on% (ao90naaali, sa &a%ca9( si0a90 s)ilan% sa sandai%di%an% d)8/ a( )'6d na ca7an%#is n%#ali&in inaana an% ca(alasan n%#isi& na ()lad naan sa ca0aanan% nai&aaana.5a7an% a0a0aan sa &a%-isi& an% %#a naci+n sa E)ro&a da(a&7a9( an% %#a (aoroon n%#a0o90 ind an%0a0arin% aca&a%sali(/, c)n% di rin% laa% a%aa'o%,na &a%daca90 a0aan na sila sa &a%-isi& )l/ n%#6(a0 an% canilan% %#a naci+nna%cailan%#an silan% %))%ol n%#arain% si%lo3>;4sa &a%&)&)ili( sa &aaa%i(ann%# &a%'a'aca )&an% ca(6n an% %#a cala0/an, a%a%alin% na %#a ca)()san a( i'a

&an% sarisarin% &araan, a( n%#as)ndoan an% %#a ca0aanan n%#&a%iisi& na canilan%

i&inaana &a%ca(a&os sa %#a (6o n%#a0on an% %#a na%&a&a8inan% n%# isi& n%#a0on,an% ca(o7id 'a%a90 an% na%()()ro n%#a0on sa %#a ca'a(aan, di n%#a nila a%a%a7/ an%%a0on% %#a 'a%a0 c)n% ind sana nila sinaan(ala an% salinsalin% na()()an n%#%#a(6on% sin)ndan nila, a( c)n% ind naan sila l)'os na na%s)a8i( an% 'a%a0 na i(o90sinasacsian n%# *is(oria3>@4n%# &anaon% )na90 ind i%)i( an% ca%alin%#an n%#

&a%&a&ala%a0 n%#%#a roano sa %#a ale6n, sa &a%&a&ala%a0 n%#%#a cas(-lK sa %#a(a%alo%.1
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1Na an% %#a &a%&in(6s na %)ina%a7/ n%# %#a (a%a E)ro&a sa nan%#a%cacai'a9(i'an% %#a lain% a0 c)la0 Ban% %#a ca0an%)i, ai(i, arila7 + a'oa'+ a0ind a'i%0an% cali7ana%an sa is6n% a(i'a0 na ca(o7iran ca0/ sil6 na%caca%a0o90dail sa (ala%an% and/ na an% canil6n% caloo'an sa d &anini7al/, a( dail naan sacanilan% &a%caisi& na sila an% na))col aca&an%0ari sa %#a l6in% ind a&)&)(.Talas(as n%#la6( na nan%#an%#ani' an% %#a lain% a0 c)la0 na 'aca sila90 &a7al6n%ala%a n%# lain% &)(, a( sa %ani(on% dail, c)n% sila90 na%lilin%cod sa %#a (a%aE)ro&a a0 ala8i an% sa canila90 i8inalalaan%, a( ')cod sa ri(o90 sa &a%ca9(

&ina%7a76r na ind a%a%ai( an% lain% a0 c)la0 sa %#a linili'a%. Da(a&7a9(c)n% &a%lilinin%#in, an% %#a lain% a0 c)la0 na canilan% (in)()co0 a0 %#a (6on%(o(oon% (i67K a( 7al6n% &ina%aralan, asasa'in% an% ala%a n%#%#a &asi0a n%#%#alain% &)( a0 ca&an(a0 laan% n%# sa isan% (a%alo%, na sa can06n% &a%lalac'a0 saFrancia a( Aleania a0 i'i% na i&ala%a0 na an% la6( n%#%#a (a%aroo90 &a7an% ca()ladn%#%#a an%%a%a(as, %#a al-l/ a( %#a coceron% rancs a( ale6n% can06n% na8i(a.1

1Na an% dail n%#cai'ian n%#%#a ('W ri(o sa Fili&inas a0 na%))l/ laan%sa c)la0 n%# 'ala(. Marain% lala8i9( 'a'ae sa E)ro&a na na%)l/ sa lalon%car)8ar)8/an% &a))a0, na nan%0arin% nacaa80a( sa 3^^4lalon% ca(aas(aasan%cala%a0an% l)'an% aaala%6, an% i'a90 nan%#a()()(on% ')a%a0 sa canilan%

'a%on% cala%a0an a( ind i8inaii0/ an% canilan% a'an% &inan%%alin%#an, c)n% d'a%cos &an% i&inal6la%a0 nilan% isan% ala8in% ca&)ri6n% nan%0arin% nas)nd)annila, sa canilan% sarilin% &a%&)&)ili(, an% %a0on% &a%c6&a)nlac an% i'a naa90

&ina%()()0aanan a( inaarin% sal6( sa ca(alin)an, dail sa canilan% d 7as(+n%&a%aa'o%. I&inal6la%a0 n%# %#a (6on% a0 c)la0, na sila90 )col sa %#a da&a()0a(-n a( &a7al6n% ala%6, 'a%a a9( sila90 %#a (6on% aal na l)'+s, &ali'asa90

is6n% sacsn% na%&a&a(o(oo n%#canilan% &inan%alin%#an an% canilan% &a%))8/, a(an% '6%a0 na i(o90 si06n% sa canila90 naca&a%'-'i%a0 n%# ca8iian, dail sa (alas(6snil6n% sa canila90 &a%&a&a7al6n% ala%6 n%#%#a (a%a E)ro&a asa/ an% &a%(in%#nn%#%#a e)ro&eo sa %#a (a%alo% an+ 6n% 7al6n% ca')l)6n% &a%cacaal ni(+, naan%0a06rin% %a7-n din na6n n%# cai9( dalisa0 an% la n%# is6n% ()'W saMon(orenc0, a0 lin-li'ac n%#%#a e)ro&eo, a( isinisi7ala( nila sa &ananali(6n% 1[an+n%#/ 'a%6 an% aaasaan% %a7-n% a)sa0 n%# is6n% (aon% a0 cla0\1Man%0a06rin% da(nin ni06n% si0690 a%)in% is6n% a%al-n% na A'o%ado, is6n%da8ilan% Mdico, da(a&o7a9( cail6n a0 ind nila i&alala%a0 na i(+90 is6n%carani7an% '6%a0 an% &inaca ala8-n% a%a%a7/ laan% nil690 is6n%

&an%)i%)ilal6s, na ica0a( n%# &a%&a&ala6n%, na %a0a n%# &a%(a(ac/, sa is6n%ala8-n% 6so sa circo, n%#)ni9( ind n%#/ nil6, a(a(an%6& na a%caca&an(60 an% &a%i-si& n%#(a%alo% a( n%#e)ro&eo1.

Sa a(i0a%6 a( asalicsic na &a%sisi0asa( ni RIZALa0 cani0an% l)'+sna&a%8ilalan% na%caca&an(a0&an(a0 an% ca0a n%#&a%i-si& n%#la6( n%#%#a l6 &)(,ca0an%)i, aril67, a'oa'+ + i(-, a( 0a0aan% %a0+90 an%0a0arin% i&a%caloo' sa


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is69( is6 an% la6( n%# '6%a0 na &aaa6lan% a%al-n% sa '60an, + %#a ca)()s6n'a%6n% na%'-'i%a0 n%# l6lon% alala8-n% cala0Kan a( sa %ani(+n% &anan6li% ni0690%)in)%ol an% 'o+n% lac6s )&an% ca(6n n%# cani06n% %#a ca'a'a0an an% %#acala0Kan% (o(oon% 8inacailan%#an, a( n%#di(o90 l)a% an% ca%)ina7aan a( l))clocan% In6n% Fili&inas sa (rono nan% caran%#alan.

Nan% a0 is6n% 'o7an n%#na%sasaa an% a%cai'i%a90 na%&aala si RIZALca0=l)en(ri((, a( can06n% nili'o( an% %#a ci)dad n%#5ra%a, =r)na, Viena, N)re'er% a(M)nic. D)a(in% sa Gine'ra n%#%#a )nan% ara7 n%#J)nio, doo90 n6(iran% sandal,l)i&a( sa Losana a( doo90 ()i%)il na il6n% ara7, sac6 nili'o( an% %#a &an%#)lon%

'a0an n%# S)iza a( &a%ca(a&os a0 na%lac'a0 sa I(alia, nili'o( na6n ni06 an% 'oon%caaran% i0+n n%#)ni9( alaon an% can0an% i(ini%)il sa Milan, Venecia, Florencia,Roa a( GnoXa. M)l/ sa GnoXa90 na &asa Marsella, a( ')a( di(o90 l))lan si0a saXa&or 1Diena1 na &a()n%#o sa Sai%on n%#'o7an n%#J)lio n%#;


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(l)n%(on% na )l sa A(eneo a( ind na n%#6 na6n si06 na%'al-c do+n an%an% sasi0690 'inar-l.

*ind na%l)7a( sa Ma0nila si RIZAL na &a sa ala'/ si06, a( in-'i% ni0an%do+90 ana-ic n%#)ni9( ind nan%06ri. Sa 68i( n%#&a%aa6l sa %#a ca'a'60an,

si0690 %)a7/ nan% is6n% cas)l6(an% 7-can% cas(ilK a( 7-can% (a%alo%, na doo90idinarain% sa Go'ernador General na an%06rin% (an%8ili8in an% %#a ca(o7iran n%#%#a (a%a ala'an% al6on n%#(o(oon% ni0)0)rac n%#%#a raile. Sa cas)la(an% i0o90sinasa0sa0 an% li-s sa a()7-d na &a%&a&a')7-s n%#%#a railen% doinico sa %#al)&an% lin-linan% n%#%#a (a%a ala'/, an% &a%dara%da% sa (aon(a+n n%#')7is, an%sa %#a &a%(a(an- n%# %#a alaan, an% sa %#a lansan%#an, %#a 'aa0 a( %#aesc)elaan 7al6n% sin6sa0sa0 doon c)n% di dalisa0 a( 7a%6s na ca(o(oanan.T)a7a% si RIZALn%# isan% &)lon% n%# %#a naaa0an sa ala'/, d)al+ sa

&)lon% na i0+n an% %#a cai'i%an a( an% %#a caa7a0 n%#%#a raile i&ina'asa ni06 sala6( an% cas)la(an% 7-can% cas(ila9( 7-can% (a%alo% na i0+n, a( 7al/, is6 an%

()an%)- sa &a%ir6. 5)ir6 sa cas)l6(an% i0+n si Rizal, an% ca%)nooan, an%%#a na%a67ac n%#l)&a9( an% %#a nan%#in%#isaa, an% %#a 'a'ae, an% %#a alilK, an%%#a ins-c, an% 'oon% '60an, sa&o n%# %#a cai'-%an n%# %#a raile. I&inadal6 an%carain%#an% i0on sa Go'ernador General, a( an% %a0on% carain%#a90 ind &inans-n a(sa&a%ca9( na% acalan% an%i%an(- an% %#a raile, )l-n% na%&adal6 )l n%#is6 &an%cas)la(an% i&inaaan-c na an%0arin% a8ial6 an% Go'ernador General sa &a%a-s na %)in6%a7/ n%#%#a raile n%#)ni9( an% %o'ierno90 ind )i-c.

Na%&asi)l/ an% %#a (a%a ala'/ n%# &a%(an%)- sa &a%'a'a0ad, saan(alan%ind i&inalili7ana% n%#%#a railen% doinico an% c)n% 'a8i( sil6 an% (an%#in% a0

6r n%# 'oon% ala'/, na 7al6n% n6(ira, c6caran%cal an% l&K sa %#a (6on% ('Wroon sina%+( n%# %#a raile an% %a0on% cain%#an, n%# &a%&a&ala8- n%# 'o7-s a( n%#&a%ii%&-( n%#&aninin%#il, a( sa ca7acasa90 na%&adal6 sil6 sa ala'/, n%#Se&(ie'ren%# ;


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ca&a(-d, 8inaa%anacan, cai'i%an a( %#a ca'a'a0an, n%# )nan% ara7 n%# Fe'rero n%#;


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ni(o Doo90 na%aral si RIZALn%# :a&ons a( &ina%si0asa( an% canilan% (ea(ro.Saan(ala90 inaa8i( si RIZALn%# sina'i n%# 1Encar%ado1 na ()an%%a& n%# isan%ca()n%c)lan% a(aas na sa can0a90 i&ina%cacaloo' n%#Go'ierno n%#cas(-lK, da(a&7a9(ind &)a0a% si RIZAL. Nan% acala&6s an% is6n% 'o7a90 na&asalaa( si0a saa%andan% caloo'an% sa can0a90 i&ina8i(a, na&aala a( l))lan sa is6n% Xa&or naan% ()n%#o90 sa Es(ados !nidos n%#Arica. N6casaca0 ni06 sa Xa&or an% is6n% a%anac na an% aa90 in%ls na na%n%#an%#alan% Ja8son, an% ina90 ili&ina a( an% %#a anaca0 i&inan%#anac sa Fili&inas, a( sacK is6n% :a&ons. I(inanon% sa can0a n%#is6 sa %#aanac n%# in%ls c)n% na8i8ila ni0a an% is6n% na%n%#an%#alan% 1Rical1 na c)a(/n%#Noli !e Tangere s)a%o( si RIZALna nacan%#i(, na na8i8ilala ni0a, ()lad sa

&a%ca8ilala ni Aladin ca0Florante a( sa &a%ca9( na%sasali(/ n%# %#a &a%&)&)ri sac)a(/ n%#li'ron% 0aon, si0a90 na&a8ilala na, sa &a%ca9( cai9( ilii an ni06 an%can0an% &an%#alan 3^^III4a0 aaalaan din sa ca&i(6n a( %#a oicial n%# Xa&or. A(sa&a%ca9( an% :a&ons a0 7alan% nalalaan c)n% d an% can0an% 8ina%)isn6n% 7-cK,si0a an% na%)-n% 1in(r&re(e1 sa &a8i8i&a%sali(aan sa i'6n% %

#a casac60 sa Xa&or.

D)a(-n% si RIZALsa San Francisco de aliornia n%# ica @< n%# A'ril n%# ;


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nalao9( si0a90 na &a sa L+ndres n%#cala%a(-an n%#(a+n din% i0+n, a( sa ara7ara7 a0na&aroroon si0a sa 'aa0 n%#ili&ino rin% si G. An(onio Mar-a Re%idor.

Saan(alan% linili'o( ni RIZALan% %#a i'a9( i'an% naci+n )&an% ai7a(i%an a(a&a%cr ni0a an% sarisarin% d)non% a( %#a ca)%alian n%#i'a9( i'an% la, i(in6(a0

na6n sa Madrid n%# %#a ili&inon% naroroon, n%# ica ;@ n%# J)lio n%# ;


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FilipinasBM%#a nan%0ari sa San%ca&)l)an% Fili&inas na sin)la( n%#Dr. An(onio Mor%ana i&inali'a% ni(o sa Mico n%#(a+n% ;C?.

Di(o naan sa Fili&inas a0 ind na%lilica( an% %#a raile n%# &a%siran% &)risaNoli !e tangere.

5ali'asa90 ind arai sa %#a l)&a-n% i(+ an% ar)non% n%#7ican% cas(-lK, an%%#a sin)la( ni Rizal a( i'6 &an% %#a ili&ino, ()n%col sa &a%aalasa8i( sa a(in, a0

'aa%0/, na laan% na&a%8i8ilala ri(o, da(a&o7a9( sa ala8-n% &a%cac6al n%# %#araile a0 sil6 rin an% na%la%ana& n%#'a%a0 na canil6n% linili&ol.

5a%ca an% (ao90 na&arai% sa silac'+ n%# anin%#as na %ali(, an% adal6s nana%)i%)in% ')n%#a n%#%)ina%a7K a0 si06 rin an% na%&aaac sa sarili. I(+ rin n%#/ an%nan%0ari sa %#a raile.

ina&o&oo(an% (o(oo n%#%#a raile an% %#a sin)s)la( ni RIZAL, dail sa &a7an%

&))&)cao n%# &a%sin(a sa 8ina)la(an% l&/, na%&a&ali7ana% n%# ca(o7iran,na%&a&a8ilala n%# sarilin% dan%#al a( caaalan, na%()()r n%# %#a ca()n%c)lan a(cara&a(6n a( i&ina))n67/ an% %#a &a%dara0a a( &an%#an%#alacal na %)ina%a7/ saReli%i+n ni ris(o n%#%#a na%&a&an%6& na 1caalili n%#Dios,1 a( na&o&oo( sila n%#dica7asK ca0RIZALa( sa cani0an% %#a sin)s)la(, &ali'asa90 (al+s nilan% si RIZALa0l)'an% &a6 a( asin(ain% (o(oo sa (in)')an% l&/, a( c)n% an% %#a (i(ic na i0a90l)a%ana& sa san%ca&)l)an, an% canil6n% ca&an%0aria90 6l)l)%s a( asisir/ an%canil6n% ana& ')a0 na &an%#an%#alacal n%#Reli%i+n.

Sa %)i(n/ n%# canil6n% &a%n%#in%#i(n%#i( a0 )ana& sil6 n%# &araan% s)ca(acasiran% &)ri sa ili&inon% na%(a(an%

#ol sa can0an% 8ina)la(an% 'a0an.

To(oo9( na sa canil6n% ca60 an% ca&an%0arian% a%'a7al n%#&a%&a&adal6 ri(on%#%#a cas)la(an ni Rizal, a( na sa caa0 rin na6n nil6 an% ca&an%0arian% ))si%a( a%&ar)sa n%# ca'i%a('i%a(an sa sino an% an%#a6s ()an%%a&, a% in%#a( +

')asa n%# %#a cas)la(an% 0aon n%#)ni9( canil6n% na8i(an% linala'a% laan% a(&ina%lalar)an n%# ilan% %#a ili&inon% ()na0 na s)isin(a sa (in)')an% 'a0an an%canilan% ai%&-( na )(os, an% canilan% %#a &a%'6'alK n%#ca&ar)sa6n sa ca(a76n a(sa calolo7a, a( 7ina7alan% ca')l)an an% canilan% %#a &an%#an%#aral sa &l&i(o a( saconesionario, a( sa %a0on% cala%a0a90 &ina%caisaan n%# %#a raile na sa%)(in an%%#a cas)la(an ni RIZALn%#s)la( din. Inial6l nila sa &a%%ana& n%#%ani(on% ()n%col si

Fr. Jos Rodri%)ez, na n%# &ana+n% 0ao90 &rior a( &nW n%# 1Asilo de *)ranos1BA&)nan%'aa0 sa %#a )lilan% lala8i sa conXen(o n%#G)adal)&e, saco& n%#'a0an%San 5edro Maca(-, na n%#a0o90 na&a&ani% sa lala7i%an% Rizal.

T))&ad si Fr. Jos Rodri%)ez n%# 'oon% casi&a%an sa can0an% ai%&i( naca()n%c)lan, a( sina'i nain% ai%&i(, sa &a%ca9( 7al/ n%#aira& %a7in% %a0a n%#

&ili(in% adlan%#an an% ain)sa0 na lacad n%# &a%s)lon% n%# %#a car)n)n%#an a( n%#


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&a%ca8ilala n%# (a7o sa can0an% sarilin% caaalan ()lad naan sa al-n% na a%acalan% asasalaan ni0a an% ilo% 5asi%, a( n%# an% ()'i% na )aa%os doo90 o7a%acara(in% sa da%a(.

Na%&ali'a% si Fr. Jos Rodri%)ez n%# s)nods)nod na %#a li'ri(on% 7ican%

cas(-lK a( 7ican% (a%alo%. 5inaa%a(6n ni0a an% %#a 7ican% cas(-lK n%#!ESTIONES DE S!MO INTERES, a( an% (a%alo% naa90 AIINGAT AYO.

*ind sa%o( an% %#a li'ri(on% 0aon sa %#a &an%#an%#a(o7iran ni RIZAL, c)n% dilica7lica7 na &a%lai(, &a% ali&)s(a a( %#a &a%&a&ara(an% sa (ina(a7a% nilan% an%#ala( i'-n% Doc(or ala'en0o.

*ind 8ilala n%#&ana+n% i0+n n%#alos n%#3^^V4laa( n%#ili&ino an% Doc(or JosRizal, a( 'iiran%'iir/ an% naca))n67K n%# can0an% &an%#alan a( %#a sin)s)la(,da(a&o7a9( n%# a'asa n%# %#a (a%alo% an% %#a li'ri(o ni Fr. Jos Rodri%)ez, nai&inan%#ala( na 7alan% 'a0ad n%# 'oon% casa%anaan, a0 na&)ca7 an% canilan%

&a%ii(in% 'asain an% NOLI ME TANGERE, na 'a%on% calala'as, a( sa &a%ca9(an% &a%sin(a sa Inan% =a0a90 si0an% lalon% alac6s na &an%&a(a&an% sa &a%l)lon% sa

&an%#ani', ind na7alan n%# na%&ili( na di(o90 aca&a%&asa&i( n%# lii n%# lalon%arai n%#li'ron% i0on, a( arai naan an% lii na na%lac, a( lalon% arai an%%#a lii na ')ili, 1sa ani a( &i(on% &iso 'a7a9( li'ro.1 2al/ na 0a(an% (o(oon%asara& sa ali&in% %a0a n%# l)as6& n%# i'ina'a7al i(o an% cadailana9( nanai% sa(aco( sa ca&aaacan an% aala' na adican% s)-rK, n%#)(os n%# %#a (a&alasan%

&ina&an%#inoon.

*ind nalaon a( sina%o( n%#%#a (a%alo% an% %#a li'ri(on% AIINGAT AYO ni

ra0 Jos Rodri%)ez n%#%#a li'ri(o rin% &inaa%a(an naan n%#AIIGAT AYO, saaca(o7id 'a%a90 a%&acai%a(, ())lad sa i%a(, na sa cad)lasan n%# ca(a7an a0nacaaa%&os sa caa0 n%# )))li. )n% insa90 DOLORES MANA5ATa( c)n%insa90 SALVADORA LI2ANAGan% nacaira sa %#a li'ri(on% i0on. Isa sa %#ali'ri(on% (a%alo% na sa%o( sa %#a li'ri(o ni Fr. Jos Rodri%)ez a0 an% nacaira90si DIMASALANG, &aa%a( ni RIZAL, na si0an% s))la( n%#li'ri(on% i0on.

Sa %#a li'ri(on% AIIGAT AYO9Yi&ina8i8ilala an% %#a al)l)&i( a( %#acaala0ala0 na asal n%#%#a raile a( an% canilan% %#a &a%dara0a sa %#a ili&ino, a(

')cod sa ri(o90 linili'ac an% %#a alin% aral, an% %#a licon% i(in)()ro, a( an% %#a

c)n% d sana ca(a&alasana90 ca(a7a(a7an% %#a aral n%#I%lesia a(+lica A&os(+licaRoana, a( an% %#a li'ri(on% 0aon an% ca)na)naan% li'a% na sa 7ican% (a%alo% a0na%al-s n%#&ir-n% n%#%#a nalala')an% isi& n%#(a%ari(o.

=)cod sa %#a li'ri(on% AIIGATa0 a0 isina'o% din di(o sa Ma0nilan% %#adaon% &a&el na li'a%, na an% &aa%a( a0 [ALERTA5AISANOS\ a( i'a &a, na &a7an%la'an din sa %#a raile a( sa %#a acaraile.


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Ma0 %#a 'a%a0 na nan%0ari n%# %#a &ana+n% 0a+n% ind da&a( cali)(an,sa&a%ca9( na%&a&a8ilala n%#casi%la6n n%#loo' n%#%#a (6on% 'a0an, n%#canil6n% ()na0

na &a%i'i% sa 8ina)la(an% l&K a( n%#canil6n% ala8-n% %ali( sa %#a raile na di(o90&a7an% na%))%alin% a'an%#is na 6r 'a7a9( is6.

Ni0o90 ica&a( na ara7 n%#Oc()'re n%#;


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*ind na nain sa0sa0in an% l)'an% arain% 'a%a0 'a%a0 na nan%0arin%na%&ali7ana% n%# &a%ca&)ca7 n%# loo' n%# (a%alo% sa anin%#as na &a%i'i% sa8ina)la(an% l&K, )l/ n%#canilan% a'asa + a'ali(aan an% %#a sin)la( ni RIZAL,an%an% sa d)a(in% an% al)ala(in% icadala7a&o9( a&a( na ara7 n%# 'o7an n%#A%os(o n%#;


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ni RIZAL an% ala8in% &a8i8i&a%la'an ni0a sa &an%iina-n% n%# &)son% sarili n%#sinasa'i ni0a an% %#a 'a%a0 na i0+n sa ca'a'a0an na(in% si G. An(onio Re%idor.

L)i&a( n%#/ si RIZALn%#(a+n% ;


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an% &6a0a%an% 1El 5)e'lo So'erano1, sa =arcelona, a( doo90 &inacacalai(lai( n%# dca76sK si G. J)an L)na, sa &a%ca9( 7al6n%#'oon% isi& an% %#a cas(-l/ c)n% d si G.J)an L)na an% &)iir6 n%# 1Ta%aIlo%.1 *ind naca(i-s si RIZALc)n% di&a%san%alan% an% ca'a'a0an sa isan% aina a( 'a0anin% &an%#an%#a()7iran, nacan06n% ilina(6lK saLa Soliarian%#ica PC n%#NoXie're n%#;


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an0on% caa&isa&is B7alin an% &a%asa a%&acailan an, sa can0an% ca()')san.An% ind nan%#a%aacalK n%# %ani(+n% an%0a0ari, &ali'asa90 n6&acal)&i( na %#a

&an%#inoon, i&inala%60 nil6n% &a%la'6% an% an+ an% da-n%, an% an+ an% &a%((ol,a( caa(a0an an% si06n% &ar)san% 'i%60 &inacs6n% l)n)rin sa d)% an% an+ an%si%67 n%# &a%i-ra&, a( %)ina7/ an% s)nods)n+d na &a%cac6al. Da(a&o7a9( indna&a%la( sa %ani(+ an% ')d n%#'a0an. A( 'a%a an sa -ilan% &sW laan% na&ca7an% &a%darada, an% nin%#as ni(o90 ind na%l-lica( n%# ar)'do' na &a%lala8i(,salaa( sa %#a ca(a&alasanan a( %#a asasaan% ca%a%a76n n%#(an%#in% %#a (6on%na%&)&)ili( inis-n an% %#a dadain% a6l a( air)%)-n. T)lad na6n c)n%narir-%8i(an n%# ala' an% s)o( na da-(, an% &a%c6%)la( a( &a%aadal n%#

&a%&a&a%&a% a0 si06n% lalon% naca&a%&a&ar)'do' n%# nin%#as, a( 'a7a9( is6n%&aaa0a%&a%, 'a7a9( is6n% &a%a&6s sa nin%#as a0 is6n% -i& na lalon%na%&a&aala'.1

Ma6'K &an% l)'/ an% can06n% %#a sina0s60, n%#)ni9( an% lalon%

naca&a%(6(aca90 an% arai sa can06n% %#a sina'i90 na%)in% is6n% &an%)la,ca()lad n%# %#a 7ic/ ni06n% i(+U1Marail a&a%isi&an n%# ala8-n% Re&'licaAericana an% )a n%# sac+& sa %#a dacon% i(+, 'a%6 an an%%a n%#a0o90 7al/si06n% &ina8i8iala6n c)n% d an% can06n% %#a &a%aarin% na sa sa da%a( 5ac-ico a(ind &a n%#/ si0a na8i8i(alai(a sa %#a nac)c)a n%#%#a i'6n% naci+n sa Arica.1

Sina'i rin ni06n% cai9( l)'an% &a0a&an% loo' an% ili&ino90 a&i&ili(an%i&a%&as)al6, sa caa(a0an an% ')a0 na &)s&+s n%#lai( 3^^I^4a( caira&an, a( %a0onn%#/ an% nan%0ari.

I&ina%sasan%alan% ni RIZAL(o7 na an% can0an% %#a cal6, sa &aaa%i(an n%#can0an% &l)a, sa %#a &ara(an% a( &a%&a&aira& n%#%#a raile a( %#a cas(-l6, na ano

&a9( c)n% a8in% sasa'iin di(o an% laa( n%# can0an% %#a %)ina7a90 aa'K n%# dca7asK an% casa0sa0an% i(o, ca0a9( n%# d a%c6%a0o90 isinasaW co sa ')a'asan%c)n% (o(oon% i'i% ni0an% a(al+s na %ana& an% ')a0 ni RIZALa( an% can0an% %#asin)la(, ')cod saNoli !e tangere,Fili#usteris!oa( Sucesos e las Islas Filipinas, a0adicain a( 'asain an% li'ron% d alalaon a( ain% i&alili'a% na an% &aa%6(a0Buha7 ni Ri>al.

Nal-s sa Francia si RIZALa( l)i&a( sa Madrid n%# an%#an%#ala%a(an na an%A%os(o n%# ;


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)7a% 6()lo0 an% a7a0 na i0on an% dala7an% cai'i%an ni Re(ana, a( 'ini%0an%7ac6s an% %a0on% &a%aali( sa &aaa%i(an n%# isan% 1ac(a1 + cas)la(an%

&ina%iraanan n%# laa(, na doo90 sinasa'in% 7alan% cai9( )n(in% an%#ad siRe(anan% li%ali%)in cai9( 'a'aa%0/, an% caloo'an ni RIZAL, a( c)n% sacali9( a0sali(an% da&a( ica) ni RIZALna can0an% sin)la( a0 i&inaaanic na )7a%

&ansinin a( 0ao90 ind ni0a an%#ad. Si Re(ana rin an% sa can0an% =ia 7 escritos el-r$RIZALa7 nagsa#i ng/ ganito%1Nan% a(a&os na an% 'a%a0 na i0on, isa sa %#a8ina(a7an co, na si Sr. Sceidna%el, an)n)la( na ili(ar na sa a8i90 ala8i an%

&a%%)ili7, a0 na%sa'i sa a8in Na%aala&a& acon% 6()lo0 an% &a%aa7a0 nin0+ sa&a%ca9( (alas(as con% (o(oon% a%alin% an% ca60 ni RIZALsa &aaaril, a( sac/ind ar)non% ala%)-.1

Sina'i n%# %#a &aaa0a%an% cas(-lan% 1La orres&ondencia Alican(ina1, 1ElDe+cra(a,1 sa Lorca a( i'6 &a, na c)n% %aano ra7 an% ca%alin%#an% (o(oo n%#ca60ni RIZAL, sa &a%&a&a%al-n% n%# a(6, a0 %a0on din an% ca')(ian% a%&a(6K n%#

'ala nais)s)la( ni06 sa &ader an% can06n% &an%#alan sa &aaa%i(an n%#%#a '6la n%#&is(olan% can06n% &ina&&)(oc. Ma%al-n% din (o(oon% ananda(a si06 n%# es&ada a(sa'le.

Nan% 6asid ni RIZALna ind ni06 as)nd)an sa Madrid an% aala' na i(n%# can06n% calolo7an% aca&a%'i%a0 %)ina7a sa Inan% Fili&inas, 'a%6 an%)ina%ai( ni06 an% 'oon% lac6s n%# can06n% -si&, nana7 si06 roon% &)s&+s n%#cal)n%c)(an, &a%ca(a&os na ail6(alK ni06 sa 1La Solidaridad1 an% can06n% %#a

&a%sisi0asa( n%#li'ron% 1Las l)cas de n)es(ros dias1 ni D. Francisco 5- 0 Mar%all, a(an% can06n% %#a sin)la( na an% &aa%6( a0 1oo se %a'iernan las Fili&inas,1 1A

i.... B)sa1 a( 1Marian% Ma8ilin%.1 Ica @ n%#Enero n%#;


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n%#)ni9( caca)n( an% nai&aaa%)i, dail sa ala8-n% &a%ii%&-( n%# %#a na%))si%sa %#a li'ro ni RIZAL.

N%# %#a caara7an% d)a(in% di(o sa Ma0nilK an% li'ron% 1Fili')s(eriso1 a0&ina&aroonan naan an% ala'/ n%# %#a %)ardia ciXil a( n%# %#a cas(ilan%

s)ndalon% ar(illero, na an% naiin)no90 an% a'an%#is a( 7al6n% a'6% na siFrancisco OliXe 0 Garc-a, coronel n%# @C.b (ercio n%# %)ardia ciXil, na (o(oon%arain% &inaira&an a( 'inar-l a( i&ina'ar-l na %#a ili&ino, )l/ n%#A%os(o n%#;


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Inac6lK ni RIZALna dalin an% can0an% aa9( in6 a( %#a ca&a(id sa Leida, + saDel&( + sa !(rec(, a( doon na sila ()iran% casaa ni0a, sa &a%ca9( i(o an% sa can0a90a(ol n%#can0an% cai'i%an% si &roesor =l)en(ri((, da(a&)7a9( ind &)a0a% sil6 sacan0a, ca0a9( an% %)ina7/ ni0a90 l)i&a( si0a sa *on%8on% a( doo90 d)a(in% n%#a%(a(a&os na an% ')7an n%# NoXie're n%# (a+n% ;


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ca(o7iran. I(o90 an% (enien(e %eneral E)lo%io Des&):ol 0 D)sa0, onde de as&e, nad)a(in% di(o n%#ica ; n%#NoXie're n%#;


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5, onse:o 5roXincial a&)l)n%#6n% Lala7i%an.

S, onse:o S)&reo a(aas(aasan% 5nW.

GS, Gee S)&reo a(aas(aasan% 5nW.

G, %ee 5nW.F, Fiscal Ta%a)si%.

T, Tesorero Ta%ain%#a(0aan.

S, Secre(ario alii.

3^^^II4A, Ailiado + ailiados a&ani% + M%#a a&ani%.

5, a0sc)la Bala8in% 5, an% ca)l)%a90 5roXincial, an% na))col sa Lala7i%ana( & insc)la, Balii( na &, an% ca)l)%a90 1&o&)lar, an% na))col sa 'a0an1.

Gani(o sa 7ican% (a%alo% an% sina'i n%#1Es(a()(os1

L. 5.

AD*IA 5a%la8i&la8i&-n an% A sa is6 laan% ca&isanan% na%ii'i%an%ai%&-(, alac6s a( na%c6caisan% an0 an% a%caca&ani%.

@. Man%#a%(an%8ilican sa la6( n%#ca&an%#ani'an a( &an%#an%#ailan%#an.

P. 5a%sasan%#%alan% la'an sa an+ an% ca(a&alasanan a( %a76n% sa7 saca()7iran.

Q. 5a%&a&ala% n%#&a%aaral, n%#&a%sasaca a( n%#&an%#an%#alacal.

>. 5a%i-si& a( &a%%ai( n%#%#a &a%'a'a%on% ca)()s6n.

Sa%)isa% VIO

5ala(andKan

5ARAAN

;. !&an% as)nd)an an% %#a AD*IANG i(o90 a%(a(a(a% n%# &, 5 a( sac/

is6n% S.@. =a7a9( a0 a%cacaroon n%#is6n% G, F, T, S a( %#a ca&ani%.

P. =)')in an% S n%#%#a G5, a( %a0on din% ')')in an% 5 n%#%#a G&.

Q. Na%))(os an% S sa L5 a( a8i8i&a%ala na ()l+0()l+0 sa %#a G5 a( %#aG&.


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>. Na%))(os an% 5 sa %#a G&.

. An% G& a0 naca&a%))(os sa %#a A.

. =a7a9( 5 a( & a0 %a%ai( n%# is6n% &an%#alan% i'6 sa &an%#alan n%#8inalala%0an% 'a0an + l)&a-n.

MGA AT!NG!LAN NG# MG#A A.

;. Ma%'a'a0ad n%# dala7an% &iso &a%&asoc, a( ')cod sa ri(o90 &iso sa 'a7a9(')7an.

@. Ss)nod n%#7al6n% ()(ol a( n%# 'oon% ca%ana&6n an% la6( sa %#a ca)()s6n%an%alin% sa is6n% + sa is6n% G + sa GS.

P. I&a%'-'i%a0 al6 sa F n%#can0an% an% an+ an% ai7a(i%an + arin%-% nana))col sa L5.

Q. 5acaiin%#a(an an% &a%lilii n%#ano an% la%d/, ca)()s6n + caa()l6n n%#.

>. Sa an+ an% %6%a7in sa &a))a0 a0 '-'i%0an% lin%#a& an% %#a A o7a%'-'ili c)n% d sa (indaan n%#A, a( c)n% a%'-'ili naan n%#ano an sa is6n% A a0'a'a'Kan an% ala%6. 5ar)r)saan n%# a'i%a( an% ano an% &a%s)a0 sa ca)()san%i(+.

. An% A na ind s)aclolo, 'a%a an an%0a0ari, sa isan% ca&7/ A, nana8i8i(an% na sa ca%)i&i(an + &an%#ani' a0 &ar)r)saan, a( an% calii(an n%# &ar)san%i(o90 an% ca&an(a0 n%#&a%iira& na (iniis n%#da&a( ni0an% sacloloan.

. Ga%ai( 'a7a9( A, &a%&ani% ni0a sa LF, n%# 'a%on% &an%#alan% ind ni0aa'a'a%o )l an%an% ind si06 na%)i%)in% G5.


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P. 5a%sisica&an% aalaan a( &a%daca90 'i'i%0an% ca%a)(an an% %#a&an%#an%#ailan%#an n%#L5, n%#5 + n%#&, alis)nod sa c)n% si0a90 GS, G5 + G&.

Q. 56&ansinin a%ad a( &a%lili(isin an% laa( n%# %#a &aalaala, %#a s)la( a( %#acain%#an% can0an% (an%a&-n, a( i&a%'-'i%a0 ala na adal c)n% can%#ino narara&a(.

>. Sa &an%#ani' a0 si0a an% a%&a&6)na a( si0a an% )nan% an6na%o( n%# anoan% an%0ari sa loo' n%#cani0an% .

. Ma%'i%a0 )lir6n n%# can0an% &a%ca as)n)rin sa can0an% %#a &nW, a( n%#si06, naa90 s)nd-n n%#can0an% %#a &ina))nan.

3^^^III4. I&a%&a&ala%a90 an% ca(a&)s(a&)san% A na is6n% ca'oan n%#LF.


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a0on1 an% li'ron% (alaan n%#T&. Ga0on din an% %6%ana&in% &araan &a%ca na%'i'i%a0an% T5 sa TS n%#ala%an% ai%)-( sa sa&on% &iso.

>. I(-(ira n%# T5 sa can06n% a:a an% icasa&on% 'aa%)i n%# %#a sala&in% sacan0a90 i'ini'i%a0 n%#%#a T& a( n%#si0an% a%)%ol n%#5. a( an% si06 sa sa&on%

'aa%)i a0 i'-'i%a0 sa TS n%#S.. 5a%ca i'i% a%'i%a0 n%# sino an% A sa LF n%# ala%an% ai%)-( sa

lia&on% &iso, can0an% iaa'ilin an% sala&in% i0on sa al-n an% a(a(6% na=anco, na an% i&al6la%a0 ni0a90 an% ()na0 ni0an% &an%#alan% carani7an, a( sac/i'-'i%a0 ni0a an% reci'o sa sino an% a%ali`n%-n ni0an% T.

MGA AT!N!LAN NG S.

;. I&a%'i'i%a0 al6 sa 'a7a9( &a%&)&)lon% an% &ina%ca0aran% 'a(6s a(i&a))n67K, an% %#a %a%a7in.

@. Si0a an% s)s)la( n%# %#a lia n%# . Sacali9( )al-s + ind aca%an6& an%sino an% &nW, a%aalal si0a n%# saan(alan% caalili sa &)non% indaca%an6&.

MGA AT!2IRAN NG MGA A.

;. Ma0 ca(o7iran an% la6( n%#A sa saclolon% &a%aa(ol a( sa saclolon% sala& n%#can0an% a( n%#LF.

@. Maiin%# ni0a sa la6( n%# %#a A na si0a90 (an%8ili8in sa can0an%&an%#an%#alacal + 6na&'a0, cailan an a( &a(i'a0an ni0an% ind sa+l an% calacal

+ 6na&'a0 ni0a sa %#a i'6. !&an% ca(6n ni0a an% (an%8ilic na i(+, sasa'iinni0a an% can0an% ()na0 na &an%#alan a( an% can0an% cala%a0an sa can0an% G&, )&an%i&a%'i%a0 ala ni(+ sa GS, a( n%#i(o naa90 aca&a%'i%a0 al6 sa la6( n%#%#a A n%#LF.

P. Sa ano an% ca%)i&i(an, &a%caa&- + ca(a&alasanan% la'an sa ca()7iran% sacani0a90 an%0ari, a-in%# ni0a an% 'oon% &a%(a(an%8ilic n%#LF.

Q. Maca-in%#i n%#&))nan sa ano an% 6na& 'a0, cailan a9( a0 sala& saa:a.

>. Maca-in%#i n%# 'a7as n%# ala%6 n%# ano an% can0an% 'ilin, + ano an%&a%lilin%cod na can0an% ilin%#in sa alin an% (indaan + 'aa0calacal na(ina(an%8ilic n%#LF.

. *ind a&a%aa()lan an% sino an% A an%%an% ind )na nai&aiin()lo(sa can0a an% &a%sasan%%alan%.

3^^^IV4


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MGA AT!2IRAN NG GS.

;. *indi si0a a()()()lan, c)n% d rin laan% a0 an%#)nan% s)'+n% na la'ansa can0a an% F.

@. Maca%a%a7/ si0a n%#

'a7a9( can0an% a%alin%#

-n, dail sa cac)lan%#

an n%#&anaon )&6n% ain(a0 an% &a%&)&)lon% na da&a( %a7in n%#%#a '))'W n%#S

n%#)ni9( a0 ca()n%c)lan si0an% ana%+( sa %#a casisi6n% sa can0a90 %a7-n, c)n%%)a7/ si0a n%#d da&a(.

P. Sa loo' n%# alin an% . a0 si0a an% )c+ na acaaa(ol sa ano an%)sa&-n + &a%cac6ali(.

Q. Si0a an% (an%#in% a0 ca&an%0arian% acaala n%#()na0 na %#a &an%#alan n%#can0an% %#a A + nasasac)&an.

>. L)'+s an% can0an% ca&an%0arian )&an% can0an% i(a(a% an% %#a &araan%%a%a7in sa %#a &a%&)&)lon%, %#a &a%&a&adalaan n%#s)la( a( an% %#a inaadican%%a7-n, )&an% lalon% &a8ina'an%#an, &)ana(a% a( an%0ari n%# 'oon% cadalan an%%#a adic/ n%#LF.

. 5a%c/ l)'an% arai an% nan%#a&a&ani% sa isan% &, an%0a0arin% a%(a(a%an% G& n%# isan% s)' , a( si0a an% )na)nan% a%aalal n%# %#a &nW. )n%na(a(a(a% na a0 &a'a'a0aan% an% %#a a%caca&ani% an% si0an% a%alal n%# %#a

&nW, a0on sa (ad6nK n%#%#a &ala()n()nan% i(o.

. Ma0 ca&an%0arian an% laa( n%#G na a%(a0o n%#isan% sa alin an% 'a0an%

7ala &a ni(o, a( &a%8a(a&os a0 i&a%'i'i%a0 ala sa S + sa 5.


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@. Ma0 ala8-n% ca&an%0arian an% G S )&an% aca%ai( n%# sala&i n%#ca&isanan sa (o(oon% %#a &an%#an%#ailan%#an, cailan a9( i&a%'i%a0 ala &a%ca(a&os saS.

5AG!!!LAN NG SALA5I

;. 5a%caca%)%)lan sa &a%&a&aaral an% A + an% can0an% an6c, c)n%a&a%asdan% (o(oon% a(alas an% -si& a( asi&a% a%aral, n%#)ni9( 7alan% ca0a.

@. G)%)%)lan an% &a%lala'an n%# ca()7iran n%# isan% d)8an% A sa can0an%&a8i8i&a%)sa&in sa isan% aca&an%0arian.

P. Sasacloloan an% a%)in% d)8an% A.

Q. 5aiira-n n%#&))nan an% A na a% cailan%#an, sa &a%(a(a0 n%#isan% 6na&')a0 + n%#aca&a%saca n%#l&K.

>. T)()lon% a( n%#%)aan% an% &a%dadal6 ri(o n%#%#a 6)ina a( an% &a%(a(a0on%#%#a 'a%o ri(on% 6na&'a0 + 8ina8ailan%#an% 6na&'a0.

. Ma%'')cas n%#%#a (indaan, %#a alacen a( i'a &an% 6'i'ilan n%#%#a An%#canilan% %#a 8ina8ailan%#an )&an% aca'il- n%#lalon% )ra an% ala%6 ca0 sa %#ai'6.

MGA =ATAS NA 5ANGALA*ATAN

;. Sino a90 ind a(6(an%a& sa LF, c)n% indi )na na%a%a7a an%&a%cacaisan% Xo(o n%#%#a A sa n%# can0an% 'a0an, a( c)n% ind &a na%a%a7a sa

can0a an% %#a &a%(i8- na 8inacailan%#an% sa can0a90 %a7-n )na.@. Dala7an% (a+n an% (anin% laan% n%# (a%6l n%# &an%#an%#a()n%c)lan n%# 'a7a9(

isa, li'an na laan% c)n% a%caroon n%#ano an% sacd6l n%#F.

P. !&an% a%(a+ n%# ca()n%c)lan a0 8ina8ailan%#an an% (a(l+n% ica&a( na'aa%)i n%#%#a 1Xo(o1 n%#%#a caar6&.

Q. Iniaalal n%#%#a A an% G&, an% F& a( an% T& an% %#a &)non% & an% si06n%an%#a%6alal sa %#a &)non% 5, a( an% %#a &)non% 5 an% a%6alal sa GS.

3^^^V4>. ailan an a( (6(an%a& n%#is6n% A, i&a%'i'i%a0 al6 n%#G& sa GS an%&an%#alan% da(i a( an% &an%#alan% 'a%o n%# (inan%6& na A a( %a0on din an% %6%a7in&a%ca na%(a0W n%#is6n% 'a%on% .

. An% &an%#alan% 1si'+lico1 B&aa%6( an%, si0a laan% il6la%a0 sa&a%&6&adalan a( %a0on din an% ira sa %#a s)la( c)n% &ana+n% carani7an, a(%ani(+ an% %6%a7in% &a%&a&adal6 i&ad6dala n%#A sa G& a( i&ad6dala n%#G& sa G5, +sa GS, a( %a0on din sa &a'al-c sa aca()7id an%a%alin% sa GS + G5 na &a()n%#o sa


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G&, a( )l/ sa G& an%#an% sa A. )n% &ana+n% d carani7an laan% an0a0arin%as-rK an% %ani(on% &al6cad. Ga0on an, sa ano an% &ana+n a( sa alin an%cala%a0an an% GS a0 aca&a%&6&adala n%# s)la( + an%0a0arin% a8i&a%)sa& sacanino an% ca&ani% sa LF.

. *ind 8inacailan%#an% 6caara& an% la6( n%# %#a ca&ani% n%# sa&a%cacaroon n%#ca(i'a0an n%#ano an% &a%ca0aran.


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la6( n%# %#a nas6saco& n%# Es&aHa sa Fili&inas )aasa rin ac+ sa dalisa0 con%i&ina%aasa8i( a( sa ca&a0a&6an n%#a8in% ')d, a( a()()(on% in%#a(an aco n%#, Diosa( n%#%#a ca)()s6n sa laa( n%#%#a s-lW &a%&a&aaac.

Sa'ianan% dail da7 sa a8in a0 &ina%))si% n%#'oon% cal)&i(6n an% a8in% %#a

a%)lan% na a(a(and/ na, an% a8in% %#a caa%anac a( &a(- n%#%#a (6on% ind co8ilal6. N%#a0o90 )6ara& ac+ )&an% sa a8in i')n(+ an% %a0+n% cala8-n% %#a &a%))si%, )&an% aco90 ana%+( sa %#a sacd6l na i'i% nil6n% %a7-n la'an sa a8in, a( sa%ani(o90 n%# a7acas6n i0an% cali%ali%6n% asacl6& sa %#a 7alan% casalanan, a(al)n%co( sa &aa6l/ & nin0on% na%s)s)ica& na a&a%8ilala sa &an)n)n(+n saca(o7-ran.

1Dail sa ind &o nin0+ &a%iic sa a8in% 3^^^VI4%#a s)la(Uind &a%i-c nasa 7ala ac+n% aacalan% na%)i%)in% cadailanan c)n% d an% l)'an% ala8in%cala8an n%#&a%i(an, )l/ sa ca(aas(aas6n% cala%a0an &o nin0+ an%an% sa ca'a'Kan

n%#a8in% ca(aoan, sa &a%ca9( 8ilala &o an% ca%andaan nin0on% a8i&a%ca&o7a (ao,Uind co aalaan c)n% in0on% aa%alin%#-n an% )ar6& aco sa sa in0o, indan nin0o aco (ina(a7a%. Dail sa 'a%a0 na i(o90 a%iin(a0 &o aco sa is6 sa %#ao(el3>4sa Ma0n-lK, arail a0 si 1*o(el Orien(e1 sa &a%'a'ac6sacalin% a0 i'i% &ca0+n% &a%la%a06n sa a8in + ano an% 'a%a0 na i&a%))(os, a( c)n% acaraan an%(a(lon% ara7, c)n% 7al/ ca0+n% inilala%a0 na adl6n%, %a%ai(in co an% a8in%cala0Kan )&an% &a%)sa0in co an% a8in% ca)n(in% &a%a6r, sa a8in% &a%asan%naca%an6& na aco sa Go'ierno a( sa a8in% %#a ca'a'a0an.

1Tai(i con% nasan% ca0o90 in%#a(an n%#Dios sa aa'an% &anaon, a( aco &o,%)inoo an% &)s&os na a&i(a%an a( as)n)rin% lin%cod,UJOSERIZAL.U*on%8on%,@; n%#J)nio n%#;


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&a%la%60 sa &an%#ani', ind n%# &a%d)saan co an% a8in% sala Bna sa 'a%a0 na i(o907alK ac+n% %)ina%a7an% caalian a0on sa a8in% &anini76lK, c)n% d n%#'i%06n con%ca&)ri6n an% a8in% %a7/ a( sacsi6n n%#a8in% &a%'i'i%a0 ali'67K an% %#a 'a%a0na a8in% iniaral.

1Da&a( a%&acaa(60 an% (ao sa &a%%an6& n%# can0an% ca()n%c)lan a( sacan0an% %#a &inananali%an. I&ina%6a(i%as co an% la6( n%# %#a caisi&6n% a8in%inila%d/ ()n%col sa cala%a0an a( in6ara& na &ana+n n%# (in)')an con% l)&a-n, a(aaa(60 ac+ n%#'oon% (o7/ sa &a%sin(a sa can0a, a( l6lW na sa &a%s)s)ica& nain0on% ca(an an% (a&a( na ca()7iran a( ca&ana(a%6n.

Isinasa&an%#ani' co n%# 'oon% %al6c an% a8in% 'a0)&an% a8in% aili%(as an%l)'an% arain% %#a 7alan% ala0sala an% l)'an% arain% %#a &aan%8in,an% l)'an% arain% %#a san%+l n%#%#a cai'i%a9( ind cai'i%an% nan%#a%cacaira&dail sa a8in.

An+ ac+ Is6n% (6on% na%-isa, 7alan% ailia 6los, nila%oc, na n%#'a0 an%l)'an% a&ai( na %#a cara0aan n%#)ndo. Marain% &a%ca'i% an% a8-n% (ini-s, a(aril- an% ando% sa a8in n%#in6ara& na &ana+n, a( (o(oon% c6dilidilian c)n%an% in6ara& na &ana+n% i0a90 ind linili7ana%an n%#ila7, n%#li7a07a0 n%#a8in%(in)')an% l)&a-n. Saan(alan% l)'an% arai an% %#a (6on% &)s&os n%#%#a &a%asa a( n%#%#a in-i(in% (o7/, na arail a0 lili%a0an% la6( c)n% aco90 aa(60sa &a%ca9( inaasaan con% asisi0aan na an% a8in% %#a caa7a0 a( ind na nila &a%))si%)in an% (o(oon% arain% 7alan% 6la0s6la. *6los s)asa ca(7iran sil6 n%#

&a%(a(an- n%# %ali( sa a8in ()n%col sa a8in% a%)lan% a( sa a8in% %#a 8inaa%anacan.

3^^^VII41Sacali9( lis0/ an% a8in% &alad, (alas(as-n n%#laa( na ali%a0an% a8i8i(ilan% a8in% 'a0, sa &a%aacalan% as)s)nd)an sa a8in% &a%caa(a0 an%

&a%&a&ain( n%# canil6n% asasacla& na %#a 8aira&an. Man%#a'al-c na7/ sil6 sa8ina%)isnan% 'a0an na(-n a( n%#doo90 l)i%a0a sil6.

1*an%an% sa )l-n% sandal n%# a8in% 'a0 ca0+ an% a8in% isasa&a%i-si& a(aan%#ar-n con% in0on% (a)-n an% laa( n%# 'a%a0 na %#a cali%a0a6n.UJOSERIZAL.U*on%8on%, @C n%#J)nio n%#;


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al6 n%#alos la6( an% nan%0a0ari sa a8in% &sW. *ind an%0a0arin% a')a0 ac+na a8in% nalalaan% arain% nan%#a%d)r)sa sa %#a 7al/ sa ca(o7-ran% sa canila90

&a%))si% dail sa a8in ind an%0a0arin% a')a0 ac+n% a8in% &inanonood an%a8in% %#a ca&a(id a( an% canilan% arain% %#a inl+% na &ina%))si% na 7al6n%

&ina%i'6n sa %#a (6on% (a&alasan in6a%alin% co &an% l))l+n% sa caa(a0an,a( i&ina%cacaloo' co n%# 'oon% (o7/ an% a8in% 'a0 )&an% 6li%(as laan% an%

&a%carairain% %#a 7al6n% 6la0s6la sa %a0+n% 7al/ sa ca()7iran% &a%))si%.Talas(6s con% naaa(an% sa a8in an% is6n% 'aa%)i n%# sasa&i(in n%# a8in% (in)')an%l&K, sa in6ara& na &anan na c)n% aa(a0 aco90 arai an%an%#a%(a(a%)&a0, a( 0aan% %a0o90 arai an% nan%#a%ii(i n%# a8in%

&a%ca&aaac. Da(a&)7a9( an+ an% a8in% %a%a7in An% )na)na90 a0 %#aca()n%c)lan ac+n% da&a( %ana&-n sa a8in% sarilin% ')d, a0 %#a ca()n%c)lan ac+ sa%#a ailia n%# nan%#a%d)r)sa, a0 ca()n%c)lan ac+ sa a8in% %#a a%)lan% nad)ara(in% an%an% sa cai')()ran n%#a8in% &sW an% canilan% %#a ')n(+n% inin%#6(alas(6s con% ac+ laan%, cai9( an% caa(a0an co an% 6ca&ali(, an% si0an%aca&a%'i'i%60 li%a0a sa canil6, sa &a%&a&a'al-c sa canil6n% 8ina)la(an% 'a0an a(sa ca(aiican n%#sarilin% '6a0. 2al6n%7al/ ac+ c)n% d an% a8in% %#a a%)lan%n%#)ni9( an% (in)')an con% l&a90 arai &an% (o(oon% %#a an6c na aca6alili saa8in, a( )aalili na n%#an% i%)-( sa a8in an% canil6n% na%6%a7/.

1=)cod sa ri(o90 i'i% con% i&a8i(a sa %#a na%sasa'in% d )ano90 ind (a0oar)non% s)in(6 sa 8ina)la(an% l&K, na (a0o90 ar)non% a%&acaa(60 sa &a%()&6d n%# a(in% ca()n%c)lan a( sa a(in% %#a &inananali%an. An+ an% ca')l)an n%#caa(a0an, c)n% naaa(a0 dail sa sin-sin(a, dail 'a%6 sa 8ina)la(an% 'a0an a(dail naan sa %#a (6on% sin)s)0)an n%#%an6& na &a%i'i%

1)n% na&a%(6(alas(as co sanan% aco an% &ina%&a&a(oonan n%# &ol-(ica3>4n%#Fili&inas, a( c)n% a&a%(alas(6s co sanan% ca%ai(an n%# a8in% %#a 8a'a'a0an an%a8in% &a%lilin%cod, arail a%alinlan%#an aco sa &a%&a&a()lo0 ni(on% a8in%%6%a7in da(a&o7a9( a0 %#a i'6n% acacaalili sa a8in, a( )aalil- na n%#an%ala8i an% na%a%a7a ca0 sa a8in ind laan% i(o arail &a90 a0 %#ana%&a&ala%a0 na aco90 cala'isan na, a( ind %a%ai(in an% a8in% %#a &a%lilin%cod, sa

&a%ca9( aa0a7 nil6n% &a8il)sin ac+.

1Sinin(6 con% la%) an% caa7aa76 con% (in)'an% l&K, a( a(i'a0 an%&anini7alK con% si0a90 a8in% &acas-sin(ain an%an% sa )l-n% sandal n%

# a8in%

'a0, c6-an %a7-n sa a8in n%# san%ca(aoan an% 7al/ sa ca(o7iran a( ind coinala%aan a( &67K con% iniando% sa 8in6%)isnan con% l)&a-n an% a8in% &ana+n%d6ra(nin, an% a8in% 'a0 a( an% a8in% %#a ca(o7Kan. Ano an an% a8in% c6sa&i(an,a6a(a0 acon% &inaca&)&)ri an% a8in% 'a0an% (in)'an a( sa can0a90-i(iin 3^^^VIII4an% &a%')')can% li7a07a0 n%#can0an% ca()')san.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_57_57http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18282/18282-h/18282-h.htm#Footnote_57_57


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15a%caa(a0 co90 ila(6la an% %#a s)la( na i(o.UJOSERIZAL.U*on%8on%, @C n%#J)nio n%#;


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San(illan, Mariano ris+s(oo, Genaro *eredia, Jos A. Raos, A'rosio Flores,5a'lo Rianzares, J)an Z)l)e(a, Teodoro 5la(a, A&olinario Ma'ini, Moiss SalXador,Francisco Na8&il, an% a6 ni G. On%:)nco a( si G. Andrs =oniacio. Si RIZALan%nan%#)lo sa &)lon% a( sa canila90 na%sali(/ n%#%ani(+, a0on sa is6n% naca&a8in-%

1Man%#a )(06n% ca&a(id 5ana+n n%# &a%is-&in na(in an% lalon% a%al-n% na&araan )&an% aili%(as an% a(in% Inan% =a0an sa caa&-s6&is na caali&inan%8ina(a(anical/an. a&an%#i(&an%#i(an% ca(acsil6n an% a%&a'a0K, (a0on% ana(ili sa

&a%ca')sa'os n%#a0on% na%(6(a&os na an% si%lon% icala'in%si06. 5ina%ca%)%)lan n%#&a%od n%# -si& a( n%# ca(a76n n%# il6n% %#a cas(-lK a( n%# arain% %#aili&ino, 3^^^I^4a( ac+ an% is6 sa %#a ili&inon% i0an, )&an% ca(an na(in an% %#acala0aan% (in6(ao n%#%#a e)ro&eo a( n%#i'6 &an% %#a l6, n%#)ni9( nasa0an% na la6(an% canil6n% &a%s)s)-ca&, a( nasa0an%, &ali'asa90 na%cac67a(ac7a(6c an% a(in%lac6s &a%isa-n na(in an% arain% ))n(in% c60an% nan%#a%cacai7ala0, sa

&aaa%i(an n%# (ai(i a( ()na0 na &a%ii'i%an a( &a%aalasa8i(an, a( a8i8i(a

nin0on% ai%)i%)i'/ na(in an% ca&an%0arian ni0an% %#a (6on% di(o90 l)'+s nanaca&an%0a0ari, a( si0an% ai%&i( na )6adlan% n%# &a%cas)lon% na(in sa

&a%d)non% na i8inararan%#al a( sa casa%anaan% i%)ini%)ina7a. [To(oon% casa8i(s68i(\[Ta0o an% ('W ri(o, (a0o an% a0 6r ni(+ a( (a0o an% ali&in n%# %#a nan)n)l)0anlaan%\ *ind (a0o a%(6(aon% ca()')san an%an% di(o90 naca&an%0a0ari an% %#araile, na si0an% ()na0 na a0 6r a( &an%#inoon n%#Fili&inas a( n%#calaa(laa(an% %#aili&ino. Na%la'6l an% Go'ierno n%# Es&aHa a( an% %#a raile sa &a%a-s sa a(in,ca0a9( 8inacailan%#an% &acaisi&in% a%al-n%. *ind cas)ca(6n an% a%)in% caa7a0 n%#%#a raile 8ina8ailan%#an% ())(ol (a0o sa Go'ierno 8inacailan%#an% a%)in%caa7a0 naan (a0o n%# Go'ierno. Nan%#a%cacais6 an% %#a raile9( an% Go'ierno n%#

&a%cacai( sa a(in n%# %#a cala0Kan. A( an%0a0ari 'a%6n% aa(- na(in%a%&acailan a90 o7a% na (a0on% a%ca-( n%# %#a cara&a(6n% na))col sa (6o,%a0on% (a0o90 (6o rin naan% %a0a n%# %#a i'an% l6- An+n% ca&acan6n% (a0o90a%)in% A'o%ado + Mdico, an+n% ca&acan6n% i'a(6s sa +di%o ciXil na (a0o90 %#acas(-lK, c)n% sa ca(o(oana90 inaa&i (a0o n%#Go'ierno n%#cas(-lK, c)n% sa ca(o(oana90i'ina'a7al sa a(in an% ila(6lK n%#a0a%an an% a(in% %#a i(, an% a(in% %#a adic/,na ano &a9( 7alan% &ina%i'an sa &a%'a'a7al sa a(in% (a0o90 )-si&, na %ai(in na(inan% a(in% -si& [=)sa'os n%#an% %an6& an% a(in% ()na0 na cala%a0an\ Man%#a%&i&isann%#/ (a0o an%#a%cac67a(asan (a0on% sa s)l6c n%#d)%o90 na%darada n%#dan%#al n%#

&a%ca(ao an%#a%(i&on (a0o n%# %#a 8inacailan%#an )&an% as)nd)an na(in% sa a(i90i'i%a0 an% a(in% %#a ca()7iran sa &aaa0an &a&a%(i'a0in na(in, sa is6n% sali(/,an% ')a0 n%# 1Li%a Fili&ina1. An% %#a &ala()n()nan n%# saa6n% i(+90 (alas(as naarail nin0on% la6(, a( c)n% di an al6 nin0on% la6(, an% caraian sa in0o90naca(a(al+s. Ial6l nin0o sa in0on% %#a casaa6n an% %#a (6on% aiinnW saadic6n% i06n% sacali9( a()lo0 a0 si0an% lalon% a(i'a0 na aaasaan%aca&a%l-li%(as sa caa'a% a'a% na caali&nan n%# Fili&inas, na da&a( na(in%

&a%and)%an (o7 na n%# &a))a0 a( ')a0. 2alan% salan% an% %a%a7in na(in%


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i(o90 a%')')n%#a n%# a(in% %#a &a%ca&a(a&on a( %#a &a%&a&aira& sa a(in ... [A\[T)an%#is ca0+\ [()an%#is an% an6c sa &a%ca&aaac n%#a6\ [()an%#is an% aa sa

&a%ca&aaac n%# an6c\ [()an%#is an% ca&a(-d sa &a%ca&aaac n%# ca&a(-d\Da(a&o7a9( an% s)-sin(a sa 'a0an% sa cani0a90 &inan%#anac6n, a( na&a%(6(an(W an%%#a 8inacailan%#an )&an% aca(6n an% ica%a%al-n% ni(o90 da&a( l)i%a0a, sa &a%ca9(sa land6s laan% na i(+ 6(a(ao an% ala0Kan\ [Man)&/ (a0on% la6( nasasacsian na(in an% aala' na &a%sin(a sa Inan% =a0an n%# &a%')')os n%# a(in%d)%\1 Na%si&an)&an% la6( an% %#a naroron.

Sa laa( n%# %#a na%sidal+ sa &)lon% na i0o90 si G$ Anr?s Bonifacioan%car)8ar)8aan an% %#a casaaan ni0a90 %#a nacacaca0a sa ')a0 alos an%la6( a0 a0 sarilin% &a%aar a( arai an% %#a ar)r)non% da(a&7a9( si=oniacio90 is6n% a'6n% 1'odero1 n%# 'aa0calacal ni na %)inoon% Fressell a( %#acasaaan% &a7an% d (a%ari(o, a( '6'aa%0K an% (in6(an%a& 'o76n 'o76n n%#)ni9(ind cailK na si G. Andrs =oniacio an% si0an% na%()l+0 n%#adic/ ni RIZAL. [Isan%

ca(o(oanan% an% ca()')sa90 adal6s %)in6%ana& n%#lalon% %#a d)8a\M)l-n% na%ca(i&on sil6 n%#%a'- n%#ica(lon% ara7 n%#'o76n n%#J)lio n%#;


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Sa daan% Raa Ma(and/ a0 na%(a0 an% %#a (a%a T)nd+ n%# il6n%1on)en(on%1 'a(+ na na%&aalaala n%#&a%ca&a%(a0 n%#1Li%a Fili&ina1 n%#%a'- n%#ica P n%#J)lio n%#;


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an% %#a (ele%raa n%#%#a Go'ernador sa %#a lala7i%an sa Go'ernador General, a(an% %#a (ele%raa ni(+ sa canil6.

Saan(ala90 &ina%'a'alaan si Des&):

buhay at mg̃a ginawÂ

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