building design - the intelligent approach · pdf file · 2017-08-04rigid frame...

Presentedby:JamesM.Fisher

Copyright©[email protected].

BuildingDesign-TheIntelligentApproach

LearningObjec;ves•  Selec&ngtheserviceabilitycriteriaforthehorizontalframingmembers

•  Selec&ngthelateraldri7criteria

•  Selec&ngthestructuralsystem,i.e.bracedframes,momentframes,shearwalls

•  Determiningthetypeofconnec&onstouse

•  Designingconnec&onsorestablishingtheirdesigncriteria

•  Checkingthatthedesignhasbeencorrectlytransferredontotheconstruc&ondocuments

•  ProjectSpecifica&ons

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Purpose:Thepurposeofthisdiscussionistoinformengineershowtoframebuildings,sothemostcost

effec&vestructureisachieved.

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•  Asadesignerofstructuralsteelbuildings,youareapartofateam:TheteamofEngineers,Fabricators,Detailers,Erectors,andMaterialSuppliers.

•  Asmartbuildingisoneinwhichthebuildingperformswell,andtheteammembersandtheownerareallsa&sfiedwiththeresult.Thisgenerallyoccurswhenallteammembersmakeaprofitontheproject,andthebuildingownerbelievesheorshepaidafairpriceforthestructure.

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•  Asmartbuildingcanonlybeaccomplishedwithqualityconstruc&ondocumentsandcoopera&onamongtheteammembers.

•  Rememberthatdesignisnotasuccessun&lconstruc&oniscompleteandthestructurefunc&onsproperly.

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Whatareyougoingtodowhenfirstgivenadesignproject?

•  ThinkabouttheBigPicture

•  ThinkThroughtheDesignProblem(s)

•  ThinkThroughtheDesignSolu&on(s)

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DesignApproach

•  Selecttheserviceabilitycriteriaforthehorizontalframingmembers.

•  Selectthelateraldri7criteria.

•  Determinethefireprotec&oncriteria.

•  Determineanylosspreven&onrequirementssuchasFactoryMutual(FM)Globalrequirements.

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DesignApproach

•  Selectthedirec&onofroofdrainage(primarilyforsinglestorystructures).

•  Selectthestructuralsystem,i.e.bracedframes,momentframes,shearwalls.

•  Determinetheloadsonthestructure.

•  Determinethetypeofconnec&onstouse.

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DesignApproach

•  Selectthememberstobeusedforthelateralloadsystem.

•  Selectmembersizesbasedonthedri7criteria,otherserviceabilitycriteriaandmaterialavailability.

•  Selectmembersizesthatmaketheconnec&onswork.

•  Performanalysistocheckconformancewithdri7criteria.

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DesignApproach

•  Checkmembersizesforstrength.

•  Designconnec&onsorestablishdesigncriteria.

•  Drawplansanddetailstoanappropriatescale.

•  Checktomakesurethatthedesignhasbeencorrectlytransferredontotheconstruc&ondocuments.

•  FinalizeProjectSpecifica&ons

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PreliminaryDesign

•  GeometricalConsidera&ons

•  MemberSelec&onGuidelines

•  LateralLoadResis&ngSystems

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GeometricalConsidera;ons

•  Baysize–  Baypropor&ons–  Memberselec&on(Joists,JoistGirders,StructuralSteel)

–  Shortspans(HSS,Channels)–  Direc&onofmainmembersvs.secondarymembers

–  GirtsandWindColumns

•  DiaphragmGeometry

–  Lengthtowidthra&os

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BaySize

•  SquareBaysGenerallyLeastCost

•  IfRectangularSpantheGirdersintheShortDirec&on

•  Replica&on–  Replica&onofjoistsandbeamsizesreducescostofdetailing,fabrica&on,anderec&on.

–  Carefullyreviewcomputerresultstoobtainreplica&on.

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MemberSelec;onGuidelines

•  Deck

•  JoistsandJoistGirders

•  StructuralSteelBeams

•  Columns

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DeckSelec;onGuidelines

•  SDIRecommendedSpans

•  FMGlobalandotherInsuranceRequirements

•  StandingSeamRoofs

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SDIRecommendedSpans

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2 - Hr Fire Rat - ing

3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

2 8 ’ - 5 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 3 9 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 15 ’ - 3 ”

4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Depth 22 21 20 19 18 17 16

2 6 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 3 6 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 13 ’ - 0 ”



2 8 ’ - 10 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 3 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 16 ’ - 1 ”


2 7 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 3 7 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 11 ”



2 8 ’ - 5 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 3 9 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 15 ’ - 3 ”


2 6 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 3 6 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 13 ’ - 0 ”



2 8 ’ - 10 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 3 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 16 ’ - 1 ”


2 7 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 3 7 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 11 ”


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3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes 3.5 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16

2 2 8 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 5 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 0 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 6 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 1 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 12 ’ - 8 ” 3 3 9 ’ - 1 ” 9 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 13 ’ - 8 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 14 ’ - 7 ” 15 ’ - 3 ” 15 ’ - 3 ”

4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes 4.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16

2 2 6 ’ - 2 ” 6 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 6 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 1 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 8 ’ - 11 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 8 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 3 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 10 ’ - 9 ” 3 3 6 ’ - 6 ” 6 ’ - 6 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 7 ’ - 9 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 10 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 12 ’ - 4 ” 13 ’ - 0 ” 13 ’ - 0 ”


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2.75 ” LWC Above Flutes 2.75 ” LWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16

2 2 8 ’ - 10 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 9 ’ - 6 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 11 ’ - 2 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 0 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 12 ’ - 10 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 5 ” 3 3 10 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 12 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 13 ’ - 6 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 14 ’ - 5 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 15 ’ - 4 ” 16 ’ - 1 ” 16 ’ - 1 ”

3.5 ” NWC Above Flutes 3.5 ” NWC Above Flutes Deck Gage Deck Gage Deck Depth Deck Depth 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16

2 2 7 ’ - 2 ” 7 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 2 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 8 ’ - 8 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 9 ’ - 7 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 10 ’ - 4 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 0 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 3 3 7 ’ - 5 ” 7 ’ - 5 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 8 ’ - 10 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 10 ’ - 1 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 11 ’ - 7 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 12 ’ - 5 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 3 ” 13 ’ - 11 ” 13 ’ - 11 ”

FMGlobalDataforRoofDeck

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StandingSeamRoofs

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DesignTools

•  RoofFraming(SJIandAISC)

•  FloorFraming

–  NonCompositeJoists(SJI)

–  CompositeJoists(SJI)

–  NonCompositeBeams(AISC)

–  CompositeBeams(AISC)

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BayandMemberSelec;onGuidelines

•  SeeSJI“SteelTools”,hbps://steeljoist.org

•  SeeAISC“SteelTools”,hbp://www.aisc.org

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RoofFramingAnalysisTool-Demonstra;on

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BeamsandColumns

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RulesofThumb*

• DepthofRoofJoists=0.5*Length• DepthofFloorJoists=0.6*Length• DepthofCompositeBeams=0.55*Length

–  WhereLengthisfeetanddepthisinches

• CompositeBeams

–  NumberofStudsreq’dforfullcompositeac&on=1.25*Wt

*“RulesofThumbforSteelDesign”,JohnL.RuddyandSocratesA.Ioannides,

AISCNASCC,2003

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LateralLoadResis;ngSystems

•  RigidFrames

•  RoofBracing

•  Diaphragms

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RigidFrames

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SJIToolsforMomentConnec;ons

•  JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstotheStrongAxisofWideFlangeColumns

•  JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstotheStrongAxisofWideFlangeColumns-IntermediateLevels

•  JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstotheWeakAxisofWideFlangeColumns

•  JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstoHSSColumns-TopPlate

•  JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstoHSSColumns-KnifePlates

•  JoistGirderMomentConnec&onstoStrongAxisofWFColumns-KnifePlates

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MomentConnec;on-TopPlate

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MomentConnec;on-TopPlate

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RigidFrameMomentConnec;onsTool-Demonstra;on

REFERENCE MANUAL AND

PROGRAM USAGE GUIDE

Joist Girder Moment Connections to the Strong Axis of Wide Flange

Columns

Version 1.0

Steel Joist Institute

234 W. Cheves Street

Florence, SC 29501

Phone: (843) 407-4091

www.steeljoist.org

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RoofBracing

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RoofDiaphragms

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RoofDiaphragmKeyPlan

Use 36/4 with 1 Side Lap Screw Use 36/7 with 2 Side Lap Screws

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MeansofFastening

•  Welding

•  PowerDrivenFasteners•  SelfDrivenScrews•  BubonPunching

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AdvantagesofScrewsandPowerDrivenFasteners•  EasytoInstallwithUnskilledLabor

•  CleanNeatAppearance

•  Dependable

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DisadvantagesofScrewsandPowerDrivenFasteners•  Capacity•  Cost

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Deck

•  Determina&onofForces

•  Selec&onofDeckTypeandFastening–  SteelDeckIns&tute(SDI)–  ICC-ESReports

•  Evalua&onofDeflec&ons

•  AnalysisofChordForces

•  ForceTransferDetails

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Connec;ons

•  ChordForces

•  ShearTransfer

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ChordForces

The Engineer of Record Must Indicate the Chord Force Requirements on the Contract Documents

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ChordForces•  Thespecifyingprofessionalshallprovidethenominalloadsandload

combina&onsass&pulatedbytheapplicablecodeunderwhichthestructureisdesignedandshallprovidethedesignbasis,ASDorLRFD.

•  Thespecifyingprofessionalshallcalculateandprovidethemagnitudeandloca&onofALLJOISTandJOISTGIRDERLOADS.Thisincludesallspecialloads(dri7loads,mechanicalunits,netupli7,axialloads,moments,structuralbracingloads,orotherappliedloads)whicharetobeincorporatedintothejoistorJoistGirderdesign.

•  Typeandmagnitudeofendmomentsand/oraxialforcesatthejoistandJoistGirderendsupportsshallbeshownonthestructuraldrawings...

•  SJICodeofStandardPrac&ce6.1(a)

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DiaphragmChord

F F

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JoistChordBending

M

e

F

F

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JoistTiePlate

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Top Chord of Joist

JoistTieAngles

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Top Chord of Joist

ShearTransferMethods

•  DeckSupportAngles

•  JoistSeatRollover

•  ShearCollectors

•  TransfertoShearWalls

•  AcrossExpansionJoists

•  AbachmenttoVer&calBracingwithJoistGirder

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DeckSupportAngle

Continuous Angle Field Weld or Screw Deck to Angle per Roof Diaphragm Requirements

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JoistSeatRollover

5 ”

1 ”

2 . 5 ”

v

1 / 8 3 ”

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DeckSupportAngleandJoistSeatRollover

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ShearCollectorK-SeriesJoist

JOIST GIRDER HSS 2 1/2 X 2 1/2 X 3/16 CENTER BETWEEN JOISTS (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)

ROOF DECK PER SIDE LAP

DIAPHRAGM REQUIREMENTS 5/8" DIA.

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ShearCollectorLH-SeriesJoist

JOIST GIRDER

ROOF DECK

5"

PER SIDE LAP DIAPHRAGM REQUIREMENTS 5/8" DIA.

CHANNEL C5 x 6.7 CENTER BETWEEN JOISTS (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)

3/16 "

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ShearTransfertoMasonry

CONCRETE FILLED BOND BEAM

DECK

CMU WALL

LEDGER ANGLE ANCHOR TO WALL (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)

DECK ATTACHED TO LEDGER TO TRANSFER SHEAR FORCE

CAMBER TO BE SPECIFIED TO MATCH LEDGER

JOIST

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PrecastInsert

SECTION A

DECK NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY

A

SLOTTED INSERT

T-STRAP (NOT BY JOIST MANUFACTURER)

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Constructability

ThinkConstructabilityThroughouttheDesign

Process

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ConstructabilityIssues

•  Minimizethenumberofanchorrodspercolumn.

•  Providepermanentbracingthatcanbeusedastemporarybracing.

•  Makesurethatallbeamscanbebroughtintoplacewithoutinterferenceorhavingtospreadcolumnsapart.

•  Provideadjustabilityinyourdesign.Considermillandfabrica&ontolerancesbyusingshimsandoversizeorslobedholeswhererequired.

•  Checkthattolerancesdonotaccumulate,causingfitupproblems.

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•  Checktoseethatthetolerancesspecifiedmatchyourexpecta&onsofthefinalproduct.

•  Makesurethatthereisadequateaccessforweldingandbol&ng.

•  Checkthatbeamsdonothavetobeseverelycoped,i.e.deepmembersframingintoshallowmembers.

•  Eliminateoverheadwelding.

•  Haverealis&cspecifica&onsthatmatchyouractualintentanddesignrequirements.

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•  Usematerialsthatarereadilyavailable.

•  Minimizetheamountofloosematerialfordetails.

•  Providestraightforwardconnec&onsthatcanbeerectedwithoutaddedtemporaryprovisions.

•  Checkforcamberdifferencesonadjacentmembers.

•  Makesuremembershavesufficientwidthforelementsbearingonthem.

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•  Runcan&leverbeamsovercolumntopswheneverpossible,forsafetyinerec&on.

•  Havesteeldeckspanallinthesamedirec&on.

•  Don’tusemomentbasecolumnsbearingonconcretepiers.

•  Avoidmomentconnec&onsintotheweakaxisofcolumns.

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Fabricator/Detailer

Thefabricatorwantsyoutoprovideadesignthatwillpermitthematerialtoflowcon&nuouslythroughtheshop.Thismeansthatyourdesignshouldnotrequireweldingtoacolumnorbeam,ifthedesignalsorequiresthedrillingorpunchingofholesinthesamemember.Drillandpunchlinesaredifferentlinesthantheweldinglines.Itcostsmoneytotransferacolumnorbeamfromonelinetoanother.Thematerialwillnotflowthroughtheshopifsuchtransfermustbemade.Fabricatorsanddetailerssuggestthefollowingtoachieveasuccessfuldesign:

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Fabricator/Detailer

•  UsestandardAISCconnec&ons:singleplateshearconnec&onsandsingleangleconnec&ons.

•  Usefieldboltedmomentconnec&ons.

•  Keepthedesignsimple.

•  Provideunderstandableplans.•  Minimizechanges.

•  Releasemillordersanddetailingonlywhencomplete.Andifnotcompleteinformthearchitect,contractorandfabricatoroftheareaswhicharenotyetcomplete.

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Fabricator/Detailer

•  Repeatmembersizeswheneverpossible(leastweightisnotleastcost).

•  Showallreac&onsonthedrawings:axial,shear,moment,andtransferforces.

•  Answerthedetailer’sques&onspromptly,i.e.,REALLYFAST.

•  Approveshopdrawingsina&melymanner.

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Erector

•  Minimizetheamountofloosematerialforfieldinstalla&on.

•  Usemaximumprac&calcolumnlengths(2or3-storywithsplices47.abovethefloor).

•  Whenpossible,providepermanentbracinginthedesignthatcanalsobeusedastemporarybracing.

•  Keepthedesignsimple,providereadilyunderstandableplans.

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LearnFromtheTeamMembers

•  Listentothefabricator,thedetailer,theerector,andthematerialsuppliers.Theyhaveprac&calknowledgegainedintheirday-to-dayexperiencesofpuqngtogethermanyprojects.Thisknowledgecanbeinstrumentalinachievingagooddesign.

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