Learning Objectives：

Understand the function of adjective clauses

Understand the distinction between restrictive and

nonrestrictive adjective clauses

Building TOEIC Reading Skills

1

合併下列句子使它們讀起來更為自然。

1 Mavis tried to help a girl. The girl was crying her

eyes out.

2 Aeron receives e-mail. He doesn’t read all the

e-mail.

2

形容詞子句修飾「名詞」。

1 Mavis tried to help a girl. The girl was crying her

eyes out.

2 Aeron receives e-mail. He doesn’t read all the

e-mail.

Mavis tried to help a girl [ the girl was crying her eyes out ].

who

Aeron doesn’t read all the e-mail [ _____ he receives e-mail ].

which

3

1. A vegetarian is someone who

doesn’t eat meat.

2. Anyone who wants to apply for this

teaching position must be a native

speaker of English or speak near-

native English.

當形容詞子句的主詞是

「人」時，關係代名詞

用 who 或 that。

3. A mystery is something that can’t be

explained.

4. The church that was destroyed in the

earthquake has now been rebuilt.

5. What happened was my fault.

當形容詞子句的主詞是

「物」時，關係代名詞

用 that 或 which。

what = the thing(s) that

例句 解釋

4

例句 解釋

1. The customer (who) Amy served was

rude.

2. A true friend is someone (who) you

can trust.

當形容詞子句的受詞是

「人」時，關係代名詞

可用 who、that、

whom，或者省略。

3. Has Gina found the key (that) she

lost?

4. The jacket (that) I bought was too

large.

5. Did you hear what they said?

當形容詞子句的受詞是

「物」時，關係代名詞

可用 that 或 which，

或者省略。

what = the thing(s) that

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例句 解釋

1a. Tony wants to marry a person

(who / whom) he shares similar

values with.

1b. Tony wants to marry a person

with whom he shares similar

values.

1a. 與 1b. 意義相同，不過 1a.

多用於口語，而 1b. 多用於正

式寫作。

介系詞可移至關係代名詞前，

不過關係代名詞需用受格

(whom)，且不能省略。

2a. Spam is commercial e-mail

(that / which) you don’t ask for.

2b. Spam is commercial e-mail for

which you don’t ask.

2a. 與 2b. 意義相同，不過 2a.

多用於口語，而 2b. 多用於正

式寫作。

介系詞可移至關係代名詞前，

不過關係代名詞需用受格

(which)，且不能省略。 6

例句 解釋

1. A widower is a man. His wife has died.

A widower is a man [ his wife has

died ].

2. Children whose parents read to them

tend to become stronger readers and

perform better in school.

3. An Original Equipment Manufacturer

(OEM) is a company whose products

are used as components in another

company's product.

Whose 表示「所有格」。

whose

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1. Home-working is suitable for people _____ work requires

sustained concentration away from the interruptions received in an

office environment.

(A) that

(B) who

(C) whom

(D) whose

2. Legativo Lab’s latest car can navigate using a GPS system _____

pinpoints its location on pre-mapped roads to within an inch.

(A) who

(B) that

(C) what

(D) whose 8

3. The CEO of Colante Holding was diagnosed with a tumor for

_____ there is no known cure.

(A) it

(B) that

(C) which

(D) whom

4. Most customers _____ responded to the survey rated Mientos

smartphones as either good or excellent.

(A) who

(B) what

(C) whom

(D) whose 9

例句 解釋

1. Is there a gift shop nearby at which I can

buy some souvenirs?

= Is there a gift shop nearby where I can

buy some souvenirs?

2. Sam will never forget the day on which

he met his wife.

= Sam will never forget the day (when) he

met his wife.

3. Nadia is tired and that is the reason for

which she is so irritable now.

= Nadia is tired and that is the reason

(why) she is so irritable now.

在形容詞子句裡，

where 指出「地點」，

when 指出「時間」，

why 指出「理由」，

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例句 解釋

1. I've just read a book (that is) called The

Moonlight Palace.

2. I thought the woman (who was) walking

down the street was my neighbor.

3. We are looking for people (who are)

familiar with cloud computing to join our

R&D team.

在形容詞子句裡，如

果關係代名詞後面接

be 動詞，關係代名

詞與 be 動詞可以省

略。

4. We were lucky to get a hotel room that

overlooks the beautiful Lake Geneva.

= We were lucky to get a hotel room

overlooking the beautiful Lake Geneva. 11

例句 解釋

1. My friend Brad, who speaks Russian, works as a

tour guide.

2. The Sun, which is one of the millions of stars in

the universe, gives us light and heat.

3. Dave, whose car was stolen last night, is in a bad

mood now.

4. Tony had a great bike ride in Basel, Switzerland,

where bike riders have their own traffic lanes and

signals.

非限定形容詞

子句不界定先

行詞，而僅提

供補充說明。

非限定形容

詞子句需以逗

點與主要子句

隔開。

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例句

1. A dilemma is a choice between two alternatives. Neither of them

is attractive.

A dilemma is a choice between two alternatives, neither of

which is attractive.

2. Two men broke into TLC Radio’s main office last night. Both of

them had worked at TLC radio.

Two men, both of whom had worked at TLC Radio, broke into

the company’s main office last night.

同樣的句型可以用於：

none of / either of / some of / any of + whom (人)

both of / several of / many of / much of + which (物)

解釋

13

例句 解釋

非限定形容詞子

句裡中的 which

可以指前面的

主要子句。

1. Ed doesn’t have a cellphone, which makes it

difficult to contact him.

which = the fact that Ed doesn’t have a

cellphone

2. Our flight was canceled, which meant that we

had to wait at the airport for hours.

which = the fact that our flight was canceled

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Restrictive Nonrestrictive

1a. Anyone who invents

something is creative and

intelligent.

2a. The computer that I bought

two years ago is getting

slower.

限定子句「界定」先行詞。它們回答Which …?

非限定子句「補充說明」先行詞。

3a. Adam is from a small town

where everyone knows

each other.

1b. The Wright brothers, who

invented the first airplane,

never finished high school.

2b. The computer, which was

invented in the 1940s, has

become part of everyday life.

3b. Bill just moved back to St.

Louis, where he grew up and

his family still lives. 15

後續句子

a. Sam offered me some cookies

that were very strange.

為下列各句選一個適當的後續句子 ( 1 或 2 )。

b. Sam offered me some cookies,

which was very strange.

c. Jim is having a date with

Mona, whom I can’t stand.

d. Jim is having a date with

Mona, which I can’t stand.

1. They tasted like soy sauce.

2. He knows I don’t like sweets.

1. She’s such a gossip.

2. He should have a date with

me! 16

後續句子

e. John bought me an expensive

dress which I don’t like.

為下列各句選一個適當的後續句子 ( 1 或 2 )。

f. John bought me an expensive

dress, which I don’t like.

g. My sister who lives in London

is a fashion model.

h. My sister, who lives in London,

is a fashion model.

1. Why spend so much money

on a dress?

2. It was a terrible grey color.

1. My other sister is a teacher.

2. She loves her job very much.

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1. Since 2000, the Andrew Keller Foundation has awarded $30

million in scholarships to more than 1,500 students, many of _____

came from economically-challenged backgrounds.

(A) who

(B) whom

(C) which

(D) whose

2. Taipei Tobacco & Liquor, _____ controls about 40 percent of the

island's $800 million-a-year beer market, is looking for overseas

partners.

(A) who

(B) where

(C) that

(D) which 18

3. This economics textbook, _____ after the 1929 stock market crash,

is now being re-written.

(A) developed

(B) developing

(C) that developed

(D) which developed

4. All orders _____ the weight limit are subject to additional shipping

charges.

(A) exceed

(B) exceeded

(C) exceeding

(D) that exceeds

19

Ski Dubai is an indoor ski resort in the United Arab Emirates, a

tropical country _____ there are no natural hills. Thanks to an

1. (A) what

(B) when

(C) which

(D) where

efficient insulation system, the temperature at Ski Dubai stays at a

cool minus two degrees Celsius even if the temperature outside can

reach as high as 45 degrees Celsius during the summertime. Ski

Dubai has five runs _____ vary in difficulty, height, and gradient, the

2. (A) that

(B) they

(C) what

(D) in which 20

longest run being 400 meters with a fall of over 60 meters. Kids and

parents alike will have fun in the huge interactive Snow Park, _____

3. (A) that

(B) who

(C) which

(D) where

at 3,000 square meters is the largest indoor snow park in the world.

However, _____ really amazes visitors is the snowfall that they get to

4. (A) that

(B) what

(C) whom

(D) which

experience at Ski Dubai. Many of them describe it as a “strange but 21

wonderful” moment when the snow falls from the ceiling onto their

faces.

22

It is difficult enough to ace an interview in the best of

circumstances. But when you can’t afford to buy proper clothing for

the interview, it becomes next to impossible.

This is where Dress for Success comes in, a non-profit

organization _____ helps disadvantaged women return to or enter

1. (A) who

(B) that

(C) when

(D) whose

the workforce. Each Dress for Success client receives a suit and

other pieces of clothing or accessories when she has a job interview.

23

She then works with a highly-trained Personal Shopper, _____

2. (A) who

(B) whom

(C) that

(D) whose

provides support and encouragement as she prepares for her

upcoming interviews. After she lands a job, she can even join a

support group that will help her to network and get advice about the

workplace.

The founder of Dress for Success is Nancy Lublin. It all started with

a $5,000 inheritance Nancy received from her great-grandfather. In

1996, she established the organization with three nuns who knew a

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lot about charity work. From these humble beginnings, Dress for

Success has grown into a program _____ can be found in more than

3. (A) who

(B) where

(C) whose

(D) which

70 cities in four countries. Because of her hard work with Dress for

Success, Nancy has become a figure _____ by many around the

world. 4. (A) admires

(B) admiring

(C) admired

(D) is admired

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Learning Objectives :

26

1. Understand the function of adjective clauses

2. Understand the distinction between restrictive and

nonrestrictive adjective clauses