buku panduan praktikum ekola new
If you can't read please download the document
DESCRIPTION
silahkan downloadTRANSCRIPT
-
! "
#
"
" $
# #
"
#
$ " %
$ "
#&&()
-
**************"" **************"""
!"#" **************"" )" + , **************"" )-" . / ************** "" )0" / , **************"" &" /1/ , *********** *""""""""" /" 2 , %" """" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 34" 5. , """"""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 6+" """"""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" )75" 0 """"""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )72" 0 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )8
$%" **************"" &)" .5.! ************* *"" &-" +! **************"" &70" ! **** ****""*"" &6" **************"" &8/" """"""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""" &84" 0 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""" &9
%$&%%" **************"" &" :! **************"" &-" $$:! **************"" &0" 5.:! **************"" 3" .:! **************"" ;/" ! """* ********"" 74" """"""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 7+" 0 """""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 65" 0 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 8
# %$(% " **************"" 3(" **************" " 3(-" + **************"" 330" 5.5,
-
,
==" ,
, >
"
> ,?"
,
, .
# " ,
+ ,
$ " , ="
" , # "
+ ,
@" ,
"
)
*+#$,
, =
= " ,
A $$ "
4)"2
,
==" ,
, >
" ,
> ,?"
, "
, .
# " ,
>=?"
+ ,
$ " , ="
,
" , # "
+ ,
@" ,
"
, =
= " ,
A $$ "
4)"2 12
,
==" , 1
?" ,
,
, .
# " ,
+ ,
$ " , ="
,
" , # "
+ ,
@" ,
, =
= " ,
A $$ "
-
(%-
, #
, $$# # $ # " 2 ,
:@$ $ ,," %
:@$ ,,":@
$
"
/ , .
# " /
, . # ,
". ,
B
$.*
+ ,
" " >$$ ?
$ .
>-$$? $$ ,"5
$$ , "
#&*./$&-*(*
= ,5
= > ?# $
> $?# C - $#
$$ # + $$ / $" 0
,: $$,/"!$"
%$(# 0# *
,
B
, 1 5 , $ 3
#B
, #& +#2* B
,4> ?"
-
,#&+#$# B ,
#=$
,# > ?#=
>- ?##! >4? "
, %2% &/ *!/# &+ B
, $ # $ #
4# >$?# # # $>?#
.D$- "
, %2% $%+*$ B 5
,
"
() %+3#/!.%+3
. . $ ,#
>?# , ,>?#-$ >?
,", ,#
,"
4
#*+%(+
= # "E
$ "
# F
"
# $ #
"
# &$(,
"
"
# " #
# "
-
##.#-* +
F
" #
"
4
# */3##
!B#
50 3*3##6
!B #$ # # # #
$ $ "
-
."*3#*3##6
!B# #
-
7 5-*8-!&! 3##6
!B # # # #$ ##
#
-
#%,&!-!
; B
)" A
&" A
" A
3" AA
;" A A:
-
$ G & .
" "
(, %9%/
,
A"
" $
. ,"
A 7 B
)" 5, %261
.
&" #%$!&-! #+ 5, :+6 1 # $
"$1$$ .
" 5, .%%6 1 $
= "
3" ; 5, &&61 $ >@ ?
# "
;" 5, (* 6 1
= . "
?
> ?
*%5 ! 6
A B
AB $ $
-
%+%%5 6
AB &
A B
#%,%5 " 6
;3#!.#9+# B ;# C
$
;..*&*3.9.*&+ B
# 99".1 # ,
;# 9#%,#.% B#$
;" 9%.#$21 0 #
$ "
72%%5 $ 6
5$# %3*6 B% $
$
5%+%,**6B% :
>?" %
>?
% 5/%%2%/%6 B+
/%
8 A$
,"
! $+*%
5%.6 B $ #
)0$# 5#.!$&!,9(# (+6 1 #
$ 1$
$ )
-
*3.#5$.*9(# # !$(!.3,6 B
$ 1$ $ $
7&*,#5%.* 6 B
"
="3#$# B $#
"
?#
:@$> #-:@$ ?
& 5(!.6 B # H$
"
( 5,36 B$ #, $
) *05*/,/(#%,6 B
*01 !#"
-**2*1
,
)" )(D)(? J
# $ >;D;? J" 0
&)($" #
>)D)? J
"
:2=>)999?#, ,
B
-
,#$# 2
,
0
0".
0. ,
0
0 . ,
> # # # # #
?
0 ,>## ?
0.> ,?
0=
0.=
0 D # "
,
0 ,7)(D)(
0".
0. ,
0
0 . , $
> # # # # #
0 ,>## ?
0.> ,?
0= ,
0.=
0 D # "
,
,7)(D)(
0. ,
0
$
> # # # # #
0 ,>## ?
0.> ,?
,
0 D # "
-
.*+*+
0 $ >&(((?
B
# &2#*+5*/9-6 B2 5B
0 M A
0 M
M2
M!
# .*:#*+5B6 B
#,%#+*2#*+1
#,%#+*#.*:#*+5B61
#%%*+5$C9-61
2 M!
2 M !"#$%&
0+M0
M#)3
M!
0+M-+AN>$?
-+M # )#"!
$ !3> ! )993?"
-
#%%.*:#*+5B61
( )
)
*.*#*#*+5B61
5 M:0 O:/ O:2
( (( "
, ,> #&(((?"
/#,+*"# +*+9,##, $*!/,!+*+ #$ !"#
5
$" &B
)" 2"
&" > ?"
$
50,"5 ,
$" ,
" 2
,# .
$
#&/ #.*:1
* ++
#,%#+* #.*:++*#+1
!$* #.*:1
-
%$%+*/#,+/*"# +*+1
, - . /010
2
3
456
789 /010
2
0 B+M5,
M
M2
M
%$.-*.**+#$%++*#+1
0 : 01
3
456
-
56
! > ? $
>+ # )96(?" !
>/# )989
$ ! )996?"
#
> "#)986 - #)99(?"
! $.
$$ . # #
>!#)987?"
$ . @# # >#)986?" !
. .
# $
> + #
)96(?"
: >@? $ #
=
>#
)986?" @ ,
>+ #)96(?":@
$ >$
#)996?"
= > ?#
# .
> $ # )996?"
#
# # $#
"
>0=#)98)?"
0 @
>!# )987 $ "# )996?" +
"
. @#=
-
@>#)986 $ "#)996?"
$ # # # @
" " "
> $-# )9 89?"
"!$ $ .$
, .>!#)987?"
$ . "
"
" = "
"
# >!#
)987?"
,$, . @"
@ , #
> @#)988?"!
#
>:2=#)999?"
.
# #
# .
>+ #)96(?"
,
)&( -A &A 36(( -A &A>$ "# )996?" 0
-$# $# ,,#$$ # $
"
" 0
# $ >#)99?"
>)988?#. $
, #
#
# #
= #
#
"
-
>
,>
?#
>@#)988?# =
#
0;8 )& #
3 & > $-#)989?"!
# 6 "
+$$## +
$ +# -$#
>#)98&?"
# # .
@>)986? B
)" #
#
@# &
61 );$ &
"
#
"
,"
&" #
#
#
> $
,> # ?$
?#
>@#)988?# =
#
"
0;8 )& #
3 & > $-#)989?"! 5 )&
# 6 "
+$$## +
$ +# -$#
# # .
@>)986? B
#
# @ $
@# & 1
);$ & 13 "
"
# #
"
,"
#
# $ #
#
$ ?#
?$ > %
?#
>@#)988?# =
# $
"
0;8 )& #
5 )&
# 6 "
+$$## +
@ $
16"
3 "
#
"
,"
# "
#
-
" #
"
"
" &
&
>! #)987?"
=
3"
7 ); $ (#&;
#$. "
"
#
"
& # #
(1 );($# )#&;
>! #)987?"
= "
#
); $ (#&; #; " %
#$. "
(
"
# #
);($# )#&; )#6;$#
>! #)987?"
"
#
#; " %
#$. "
(
-
;"
0
# )
)(& ; 3(
" :@ # $# >!#
)987?"
#
"
7" #%
)#; 3 $ )
7"
6"
$ " )(
#(#3
D >!# )987?"
,
# ) 3 $ (#;
; 3( (
" :@ # $# >!#
$
#
"
#%
3 $ ) 1&" @ )#;
7"
@ $ >=;?#
$ " )( 3( $
#(#3 )#($"0
D >!# )987?"
# "
,
3 $ (#; & $" 0
7( ( #
" :@ # $# >!#
$
#
&" @ )#; #; $"
>=;?#
3( $
)#($"0
D >!# )987?"
# "
-
8"
#@ "0
;
"
@ )(
)988?" $
)(
"#)996?"
)
#
"
$ " !
# = "
# =
$ ">:
2=#)999?"
!
#
>$"#)996?"
.
#@ "0
; 9 $ (#6 )#; $#
"
@ )( ); $ > @#
)988?" $
#
)(
#
"
$ " !
# = "
# =
$ ">:
!
#
>$"#)996?"
.
#@ "0
)#; $#
"
); $ > @#
)988?" $
#
)( >$
#
$ " !
# = "
$ ">:
!
#
>$"#)996?"
-
@(#; ( #
#$ $
,>@#)988?"
! "
@@
>#)988?"
3((( A &
# =
>#)988?"
! ;( 7(
># )988?" 0>)98)? +>)98;?
# =
9( " 4=
>)969? - >)989? =
)( #
("
$ 1
#
>#)988?"
(#.# .#,&%%,$#%,% ,!/*+**,% *
! /%45
) 0
& :.
- 0 $
3 A
; 0P
7 + +
-
(#.# .%%,& ,*,%$
! /%45
) :)(( %
& $
5. 0 .
3 , #.
; )D) 0 )7 >)(($ &?
7 0,.
6 8D)($
8 /;I =
9
)(
)" )( >, ?"
&" !(#;)(
" 3
3" $
-
,#$,# 2
0
Q)(
0
0
0
0.=
0 D # "
0$.
+#,%/ $%
0 (>
-
> "# )993?
(#.#.+/!$*+*0/*%,%%,$# #, $%%&5 #3! /3!"# 6
I >?
>I?
; ) A& ;(1)(( 6;
3 ) A3) A& &;1;( 6#;
) A81) A3 )1&; )8#6;
& ) A)7 ) A8 7#&;) 9#8
) ) A)7 L7#&; #)
( ( (
>-? ;(D;($
B
-MR>D.? H)((I
R.
B
- MI
MI
. M.
/#,+*"# +*+9,##, $*!/,!+*+ #$$%
5
$" &B
)" 2"
&" > ?"
$
50,"5 ,
$" ,
" 2
-
,# .
$"
#&/ #.*"#1
* ++
#,%#+* #.*"#++*#+1
!$* #.*:1
%$%+*/#,+/*"# +*+1
, - . /010
2
3
456
789 /010
2
0 B+M5,
M
M2
M
%$.-*.**+#$%++*#+1
0 : 01
3
456
-
:
. >#&((9?"
"2>&((3?#
" : .
." / #
#. "
2 >&((7?#
# # "
>"2#&((3?B
)"
$ ":
&"+.
. "
) )4)
)" # > ?
B" "
56
: " : #
. >#&((9?"
"2>&((3?#
#
" : .
." / #
"
>&((7?#
# # "
$."
>"2#&((3?B
$ ":
"
. "
> ?
()
(&
$
" ( $"%
" : #
. >#&((9?"
"2>&((3?#
#
" : .
." / #
>&((7?#
# # "
$ ":
"
. "
-
-$B
" #
" .#
$" .
D."
D.>&())?# =#
" $
" 2 = . #
$ $"
#
&" )# > -?
-$> #&())?B
" #
" . .#D."
+ # #
" # > ?
B"$"#
B"$")#
#
.#
.
D.>&())?# =#
" $
" 2 = . #
$ $"
# "
> -?
#&())?B
#
. .#D."
+ # #
> ?
$
B" " # " *
$
B" " ( )# "" +#
.
D.>&())?# =#
" $
" 2 = . #
$ $"
"
. .#D."
+ # #
-
-$B
" #
" . .#
D."
" $ = "
$
)" */,(# 3( B $
&" *3-!!$!%+ B
$$ "
" *# .# # B
$
3" *# /*+*3-!%+
;" # *3-!%+ B $
7" # *3..# B-
6" !.0+*3-!%+ B-
>$ ?
8" #3*# B-
9" !!&!/*. B-
)(" 0$&!/*. B$
$
)" &"
6"
#
. .#
D." + #
" $ = "
>$"#&())?"
$ )($#
$
$ $
$$ "
B $
*# /*+*3-!%+ B $
$
- $
- $ $
>$ ?
- $
-
$
$
" 3" ;"
8" 9" )("
. .#
#
" $ = "
$
$ $
$
$
$
$ $
$
$
7"
-
.;#B
)"
&" .
" S .
"
" $ ,$
"
# "
3" B .
$
;"
7"P
" "
B"":@$"$" -"
.;#B
B . @
" S .
"
$ ,$ B
"
# "
.
$ "
$" "
"":@$"$" -"
. @
" S .
"
.
"
"
"":@$"$" -"
-
(#.7# .#,&%%,$#%,% ,!/*+**,% *
! /%45
) 0
& :.
- 0 $
3 A
; 0P
7 + +
(#.=# .%%,& ,*,%$
! /%45
) :)(( %
& $
5. 0 .
3 , #.
; )D) 0 )7 >)(($ &?
7 0,.
6 8D)($
8 /;I =
9
)(
-
)" )(>, ?"
&" !(#;)(
" 3
3" $
,#$# 2
0 (
0 )H) Q )(
0
0
0.
0
0.=
0 D # "
0$.
+#,%/ %$&%%
)(>, ?"
!(#;)(
3
$
0 (
)H) Q )(
0
0
0.
=
0.=
0 D # "
0$.
%$&%%
)(>, ?"
3
)H) Q )(
0 D # "
-
> "# )993?
(#. ?"
$
50,"5 ,
$" ,
" 2
-
,# .
$
#&/ #.*"#1
* ++
#,%#+* #.*"#++*#+1
!$* #.*:1
%$%+*/#,+/*"# +*+1
, - . /010
2
3
456
789 /010
2
0 B+M5,
M
M2
M
%$.-*.**+#$%++*#+1
0 : 01
3
456
-
>)988?#
>--P ? "
$
"
.
#
"
# " 0 #
@D # @
. "
$ . > ?
"
" 0
"+
@D #
"
$ , . $
"
, ,
,,"
56
,
"
$ # > ?# #
#D. "
$
$ > ""# )993?" $ $
" $ D
# $ "
-
#%,# %$(%- !;3 !&! # /* *+ 1
3"3$ >$ ?# 5)6
$ #
#
" .
,"
3";>,?# 5)6
0 , "
#
"
>$ ?# 5)6
1 $#
1# " .
= 1 = $
$ "
-
3" >.?# 5)6
#
$ #
" .
="
;" 2>?# 5)6
, #
"
7" .>,?# 5)6
$"
6" >?# 5)6
=
"
-
8" >+?# 5)6
0 = "
#%, %$(%-3 !&! +#(*(# *,%1
)" $$ >$ $?# 5)6
$ "
&" $>$?# 5)6
$ "
" $>$ $?# 5)6
#$ "
-
3" $.>,$?# 5)6
$ A "
;" $>0 $?# 5)6
$ $ "
)
+
# # =
"!9;I5 "
>&( ( -?"
$ "
# #
"
$ "
5 =
5#=5 2="
/.
B
)" %-%B &71( ( -"
&" )-0 B 5 $
. SD
"
" #,# %-* B $
# . @D"
-
3" .**+ B #
" ( 1
;T"
;" %(+ B "
"
7" # # ,$++ * B
@ # , # "
" 5
"
(#.>/#*:*,+*"# #(
$ $( )* * ;3* *
/#/3! .+- *$&
5" 6
$$
= 1 =
*/#$% 3-*+
5*3.%/* %$
6
=
= # ="
; ) "
#3*.% 3-*5 *
6
$
=$
-
7 )!..#3! % 3-*
5+
$
0
= #3%3%$(#
5*" 6
$$
-
(#.@/#*:*,+*# #(
$ $( )* * ;3* *
%# :.0:*+-
5"" 6
= $# $ " = "
$ D##.*&+
5*" 6
"
&
5 ," 6
$
$
7 $%/*3!/
5
6
= %$&-#/D ++#
5
" 6
$
-
> -# & !:*+-
5" 6
=$ ==
@ ! 0##.
5-"
=
A !%
5" 6
0 =
#
# # %% > # )996?" %
=
..A "
# $
3 )B
*# **.*,!/*+*# %$(%, (# /+ , +#+#%%&
, 5%, !EAA76
>I?
(1&; A
&71;( :
;)16(
6)1)((
-
(#.A: .%%,$#%,% & $## .*, % *
! /%45
) 0
& :.
- 0 $
3 A
; 0P
7 + +
(#.: .%%,,#* +#,,
! /%45
) :)(( %
& $
5. 0 .
3 , #.
,#$# 2
0 (
0$ A =
(#;$
0. =
0$.
0.,,
0 D # "
0$.
-
!5>!5$$?
0
0B
!)M!)
!&M!
EM >)(?
/#,+*"# +*+9,##, $
!5>!5$$?
0
B
!)M!)
!&M!
M >)(?
/#,+*"# +*+9,##, $ *!/,!+*+#$$%
0
-
5
$" &B
)" 2"
&" > ?"
$
50,"5 ,
$" ,
" 2
,# .
$
#&/ #.*"#1
* ++
#,%#+* #.*"#++*#+1
!$* #.*:1
%$%+*/#,+/*"# +*+1
, - . /010
2
3
456
789 /010
2
0 B+M5,
M
M2
M
%$.-*.**+#$%++*#+1
0 : 01
3
456
-
! $)!"#
.#-1
F
56
56
56
56
-
.#-1
F
56
56
56
56
#0#%2%*E ##-%*E
!!/*! +*+# +*+#&!
$.#,& $.#,&
-
! $&! #.!$&!,
7
7
)
7 ;
7
7
7
= EE
-
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
77
=
=
=
-
5)!++6 @=>77==>@
@=