business process modeling notation fundamentals

1PalGov © 2011 1PalGov © 2011

أكاديمية الحكومة اإللكترونية الفلسطينية

The Palestinian eGovernment Academy

www.egovacademy.ps

Session 11-12

Business Process Modeling Notation Fundamentals

By: Stephen A. White, IBM

(With Modification and extensions)

Tutorial 1: Data and Business Process Modeling

Dr. Mahmoud H. M. Saheb

Palestinian Polytechnic University

Reviewed by

Prof. Marco Ronchetti, Trento University, Italy


About

This tutorial is part of the PalGov project, funded by the TEMPUS IV program of the

Commission of the European Communities, grant agreement 511159-TEMPUS-1-

2010-1-PS-TEMPUS-JPHES. The project website: www.egovacademy.ps

University of Trento, Italy

University of Namur, Belgium

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

TrueTrust, UK

Birzeit University, Palestine

(Coordinator )

Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine

Palestine Technical University, PalestineUniversité de Savoie, France

Ministry of Local Government, Palestine

Ministry of Telecom and IT, Palestine

Ministry of Interior, Palestine

Project Consortium:

Coordinator:

Dr. Mustafa Jarrar

Birzeit University, P.O.Box 14- Birzeit, Palestine

Telfax:+972 2 2982935 [email protected]

http://www.egovacademy.ps/


© Copyright Notes

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cite the project (logo and website), and the author of that part.

No part of this tutorial may be reproduced or modified in any form or by any

means, without prior written permission from the project, who have the full

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This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-

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Tutorial Map

Topic Time

Module I: Conceptual Data Modeling

Session 0: Outline and Introduction

Session 1.1: Information Modeling 1

Session 1.2: Conceptual Data Modeling using ORM 1

Session 1.3: Conceptual Analyses 1

Session 2: Lab- Conceptual Analyses 3

Session 3.1: Uniqueness Rules 1.5

Session 3.2: Mandatory Rules 1.5

Session 4: Lab- Uniqueness & Mandatory Rules 3

Session 5: Subtypes and Other Rules 3

Session 6: Lab- Subtypes and Other Rules 3

Session 7.1: Schema Equivalence &Optimization 1.5

Session 7.2: Rules Check &Schema Engineering 1.5

Session 8: Lab- National Student Registry 3

Module II: Business Process Modeling

Session 9: BP Management and BPMN: An Overview 3

Session 10: Lab - BP Management 3

Session 11: BPMN Fundamentals 3

Session 12: Lab - BPMN Fundamentals 3

Session 13: Modeling with BPMN 3

Session 14: Lab- Modeling with BPMN 3

Session 15: BP Management & Reengineering 3

Session 16: Lab- BP Management & Reengineering 3

Intended Learning ObjectivesModule 1 (Conceptual Date Modeling)

A: Knowledge and Understanding

11a1: Demonstrate knowledge of conceptual modeling notations and concepts

11a2: Demonstrate knowledge of Object Role Modeling (ORM) methodology.

11a3: Explain and demonstrate the concepts of data integrity & business rules

B: Intellectual Skills

11b1: Analyze application and domain requirements at the conceptual level,

and formalize it using ORM.

11b2: Analyze entity identity at the application and domain levels.

11b4: Optimize, transform, and (re)engineer conceptual models.

11b5: Detect &resolve contradictions & implications at the conceptual level.

C: Professional and Practical Skills

11c1: Using ORM modeling tools (Conceptual Modeling Tools).

Module 2 (Business Process Modeling)

A: Knowledge and Understanding

12a1: Demonstrate knowledge of business process modeling notations and concepts.

12a2: Demonstrate knowledge of business process modeling and mapping.12a3: Demonstrate understand of business process optimization and re-engineering.

B: Intellectual Skills

12b1: Identify business processes.

12b2: Model and map business processes.

12b3: Optimize and re-engineer business processes.

C: Professional and Practical Skills

12c1: Using business process modeling tools, such as MS Visio.


Session 11: BPMN Fundamentals

Session ILOs

After completing this session students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate knowledge of business process

modeling and mapping.

2. Business Process Modeling for Normal Flow, B2B

Modeling, Exception Handling, Compensation

Handling, Complex Process.

3. Modeling orchestration and choreography


Session Outline

• BPMN Status

• BPMN Notation


Background

History

Definition of BPMN

Initial Charter

Within the OMG


History

Formation of Notation Working Group

August, 2001, the Notation Working Group is formed. Currently, the Notation Working Group is composed of 58 members representing 35 companies, organizations, or individuals.

BPMN 0.9 Draft

November, 2002, the BPMN 0.9 draft specification was released to the public

BPMN 1.0 Draft

August, 2003, the BPMN 1.0 draft specification was released to the public

BPMN 1.0

May, 2004, the BPMN 1.0 specification was released to the public.

Currently, there are 28 companies that have implementations of BPMN and there are 5 companies developing implementations.

Merger with OMG

June, 2005, BPMN 1.x was in development. BPMN 1.0 is OMG IP, but an RFC/FTF process is underway to establish as an OMG specification and to allow continuation of work.

BPMN 2.0

The final version of the specification was released in January, 2011


Definition of BPMN

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

BPMN provides businesses with the capability of

defining and understanding their internal and external

business procedures through a Business Process

Diagram, which will give organizations the ability to

communicate these procedures in a standard manner.

BPMN also is supported with an internal model that

enables the generation of executable BPEL4WS.

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BPMI.org Hourglass

Business Environment

Technology Implementation

BP

BPMN

BPEL

Focus Scope

Strategy Consultants

Process Designers

System Architects

Software Engineers

Business Analysts

Audiences: Purposes:

Execution

Modeling

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BPMN Semantics

The BPMN 1.0 Specification did not

formally define the semantics of the

Business Process Diagram (i.e., a

metamodel)

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Within the OMG

•Business Modeling Integration (BMI) Domain Task Force (DTF)– BMI is developing a Business Process Definition Metamodel (BDPM)

– BPDM could possibly serve as the Metamodel for BPMN• The Metamodel would be used to generate a BPMN schema for exchange of

BPMN Diagram Semantic information

– BPMN RFC approved, an FTF to be established this meeting• This will allow the continuation of BPMN development–a future RFP or

consolidate with BPDM?

•Other OMG Work– Has developed UML2, which includes an Activity Diagram

• The Activity Diagram is often used by IT specialists for process modeling, but not many business analysts (which use BPMN)

• The merging of BPMN and UML Activity Diagrams would bring together the two modeling audiences

– Other Process-related work:– UML Profile for DODAF/MODAF; SPEM; SysML; PSL

– Has developed an XML Interchange Format (XMI) for the exchange of diagrams

• XMI could be used for the exchange of BPMN Diagram Layout information

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Major changes in BPMN2

• Choreographies

– Choreographies-model

– Conversation-model

• Complete Metamodel

• BPMN Core

• BPMN Execution Semantics

• BPMN - BPEL Mapping

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Topics

BPMN Status

Notation

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Notation

• Business Process Diagram Elements

– Core Set of Diagram Elements

– Complete Set of Diagram Elements

• Business Process Diagram Samples

– Normal Flow

– B2B Modeling

– Exception Handling

– Compensation Handling

– A Complex Process

• Mapping to BPEL4WS Sample

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basic categories of elements

• Flow Objects

• Connecting Objects

• Swimlanes

• Artifacts

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Core Set of Diagram Elements

The core set of modeling elements

enable the easy development of

simple Business Process Diagrams

that will look familiar to most

Business Analysts (a flowchart

diagram)

Flow Connection

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An Event is something that happens during the course of a business

process and affects its execution flow.

An Event has a cause and an impact

BPMN defines three kinds of events:

•Start Events: indicates where a particular process will start.

•Intermediate Events: occur between a Start Event and an End Event. It

will affect the flow of the process, but will not start or (directly) terminate

the process.

•End Events: indicates where a process will end.

For more details usage and rules see the BPMN specifications from OMG

Events

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Events triggers

An Event is something that “happens”

during the course of a business

process. These Events affect the flow

of the Process and usually have a

trigger or a result. They can start,

interrupt, or end the flow.

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Complete Set of Diagram Elements, Activities

An activity is work that is

performed within a business

process. An activity can be

atomic or non-atomic

(compound). The types of

activities that are a part of a

Process Model are:

Process, Sub-Process, and

Task.

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Complete Set of Diagram Elements, Activities,

Cont.

A Sub-Process can be in an

expanded form that shows

the process details of the a

lower-level set of activities.

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Connections

A Sequence Flow is used to

show the order that

activities will be performed

in a Process.

A Message Flow is used to

show the flow of messages

between two entities that

are prepared to send and

receive them.

An Association is used to

associate information and

artifacts with flow objects.

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Sequence flow rules

www.omg.org/spec/BPMN2.0

http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN2.0




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Message flow rules






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Gateways

Gateways are modeling

elements that are used to

control how Sequence

Flows interact as they

converge and diverge within

a Process. If the flow does

not need to be controlled,

then a Gateway is not

needed.

For details and animation see next session and the following link:

http://knowhow.visual-paradigm.com/business-process-modeling/bpmn-gateways/










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Complete Set of Diagram Elements, Swimlanes

A Pool is a “swimlane” and

a graphical container for

partitioning a set of

activities from other Pools,

usually in the context of

B2B situations.

A Lane is a sub-partition

within a Pool and will

extend the entire length of

the Pool, either vertically or

horizontally.

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Complete Set of Diagram Elements, Artifacts

Data Objects are not flow

objects (i.e., connected

through Sequence Flow), but

they do provide information

about how documents, data,

and other objects are used and

updated within a Process.

Text Annotations are a

mechanism for a modeler to

provide additional information

for the reader of a BPMN

diagram.

Groups provide a mechanism

to visually organize activities

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Normal Flow

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Exception Handling

Intermediate Events

attached to the boundary of

an activity represent

triggers that can interrupt

the activity. All work within

the activity will be stopped

and flow will proceed from

the Event. Timer,

Exceptions, Messages, etc.

can be Triggers.

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Compensation Handling and Transactions

A Transaction is an activity that has a

double border. Transactions are

supported by a transaction protocol

(e.g., WS-Transaction).

Normal Outgoing Sequence Flow

represents the path to follow a

successful completion.

A Cancel Intermediate Event represents

the path to follow a cancelled

completion.

An Exception Intermediate Event

represents the path to follow a

transaction hazard.

Activities used for compensate (with

marker) are outside normal flow and are

Associated normal activities.

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Mapping to BPEL4WS Sample

<process name="EMailVotingProcess">



<sequence>

<receive partnerLink="Internal" portType="tns:processPort"

operation="receiveIssueList“ variable="processData"

createInstance="Yes"/>

<invoke name="ReviewIssueList" partnerLink="Internal"

portType="tns:internalPort" operation="sendIssueList"

inputVariable="processData“ outputVariable="processData"/>

<switch name="Anyissuesready">



<case condition="bpws:getVariableProperty(ProcessData,NumIssues)>0">

<invoke name=“DiscussionCycle“ partnerLink="Internal"

portType="tns:processPort" operation=“callDiscussionCycle"

inputVariable="processData"/>

<!– Other Activities not shown -->



</case>

<otherwise>

<empty/>

</otherwise>

</switch>

</sequence>

</process>

Example: just to show that BPMN is a graphical language, and

it can be mapped to executable language.

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Choreography vs Orchestration

The difference between orchestration and choreography like this:

• Orchestration == Executable Process

Web Service Orchestration relates to the execution of specific business processes. WS-BPEL is a language for defining processes that can be executed on an orchestration engine.

• Choreography == Multi-party Collaboration

Web Service Choreography relates to describing externally observable interactions between web services. WS-CDL is a language for describing multi-party contracts and is somewhat like an extension of WSDL: WSDL describes web services interfaces, WS-CDL describes collaborations between web services.

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Orchestration: Workflow, internal processes,

private processes.

Contained within one Pool Choreography:

Collaboration, global processes, B2B processes

Defined by the interaction between Pools

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Session 12: lab Activities and Assignment

• Video • BPD Basic elements 15:00

• BPMN complete set 22:00 (next Session)

• Gate Ways 16:00 (next Session)

Discussion

• Examples of BPMN diagrams– Travel Request\ Expenses report (Bizagi)

– Purchase Request (Bizagi)

Discussion

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Most Common BP Mistakes in BPMN

Process Modeling

With Demo and Slides

• Pattern 1. Activities in one pool are not connected

• Pattern 2. Process does not contain a start event

• Pattern 3. Process does not contain an end event

• Pattern 4. Sequence flow crosses process boundary

• Pattern 5. Sequence flow crosses pool boundary

• Pattern 6. Gateway receives, evaluates or sends a message

• Pattern 7. Intermediate events are placed on the edge of the pool

• Pattern 8. Hanging intermediate events or activities

• Pattern 9. Each lane in the pool contains start event

• Pattern 10. Incorrect use of time events Solution: the meaning!

• Pattern 11. Sequence and message event represent data flow

• Pattern 12. Event is used as a message flow source

• Pattern 13. Improper use of flow elements

• Pattern 14. Starting timer placed instead of intermediate timer

• Pattern 15. Exception flow is not connected to the exception

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Readings

• Business Process Model and notation (BPMN) V2.0

Course Activitywww.omg.org/spec/BPMN2.0

(chapter 7)

• BPMN Quick Reference Guide (From bizagi)http://www.bizagi.com/docs/BPMN_Quick_Reference_Guide_ENG.pdf

Course Activity





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Summary

• In this session we have discussed the

status, the notation of BPMN and the

most common mistakes.

• Next session will discuss:• BPMN complete set

• Gate Ways

• Most Common BP Mistakes in BPMN process

Modeling

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References

1. BPMN Fundamentals, Stephen A. White, IBM,

http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~olz/teaching/ETH2011/White-BPMN-

Intro.pdf

2. Business Process Model and notation (BPMN) V2.0,


3. BizAgi, www.bizagi.com

4. DiveIntoPBM http://www.diveintobpm.org/index.jsp

5. Process Modeler for visio http://help.itp-commerce.com

poster

6. ttp://bpmessentials.com/uploads/media/BPMN_2.0-Poster.pdf

7. http://www.adonis-community.com/fileadmin/media/BPMN/BPMN-2.0-

poster.pdf

http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~olz/teaching/ETH2011/White-BPMN-Intro.pdf











http://www.bizagi.com/

http://www.diveintobpm.org/index.jsp

http://help.itp-commerce.com/



http://bpmessentials.com/uploads/media/BPMN_2.0-Poster.pdf






http://www.adonis-community.com/fileadmin/media/BPMN/BPMN-2.0-poster.pdf









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