Eye infectionEye infectionBy : Halemeh Moh . Abu ShammalaPresented to: Dr. Ayham Abu LilaBy : Halemeh Moh . Abu ShammalaPresented to: Dr. Ayham Abu Lila

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

والله أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم ال تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم السمع

واألبصار واألفئدة لعلكم تشكرون

(78النحل أية ) .

Protective factors

• The eye is well protected from infection by the conjunctiva and the corneal epithelium.

• the tear film contains antimicrobials• while the tear flow itself tends to

wash away pathogens• The eye harbors a host of

nonpathogenic bacteria that competitively prohibit new bacteria growth.

However,

• these eye-defenses can be breached by– trauma,– improper tearing,– or contact lens wear and lead to an

infection.

• An eye infection – threatens vision, – can act as an entry portal to the

rest of the body– and infections can progress to

systemic involvement, meningitis, and even death.

Some microbial eye’s diseases

1( Eyelid >>>>>>>>> )blepharitis( 2( eyelash follicle>>>>>>> Stye3( tissue around eye>>>>> Orbital cellulitis4) Conjunctiva >>>>>>>Conjunctivitis5( acute inflammatory conjunctivitis>>>

Trachoma 6( the cornea >>>>>>>> )keratitis(7( the liquid inside the eye>>>> )vitritis),8( the retina and the blood vessels that feed

it >>>>>>>>)chorioretinitis(, 9( the optic nerve>>>>>>>>

)neuroretinitis(.

Blepharitis

• inflammation of eyelid• major symptom : crusty or greasy eyelashes• Itching is common, • It is caused by skin bacteria.• Staphylococcus aureus infection is most

common

Stye and Chalazion

Stye• is an infection that causes a tender red lump

on the eyelid. • Most styes occur along the edge of the

eyelid. • When a stye occurs inside the eyelid, it is

called an internal hordeolum• An internal hordeolum is caused by

infection in one of the tiny oil glands inside the eyelid.– Caused by Staphylococcus aureus

– T : Apply warm, wet compresses 3 to 6 times a day.

• Chalazion–  is a lump in the eyelid.– develops when an oil gland in the eyelid

becomes blocked .– may look like styes, but they are usually

larger and may not be painful.

Meibomianitis

• is an inflammation of the meibomian glands, a group of oil-secreting )sebaceous( glands in the eyelids.

• These glands have tiny openings to release oils onto the surface of the cornea.

• increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the meibomian glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids.

• This allows for the over-growth of bacteria, which are normally present on skin.

• can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence, or general skin conditions such as acne.

Dacryoadenitis

• is an inflammation of the tear-producing gland )lacrimal gland(.

• is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection, common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus.

• Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Examples include : sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor.

Orbital cellulitis

• is an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek.

major cause– Haemophilus influenzae :from a concurrent sinus

infection )most common in children(– S.aureus

major symptoms: Painful swelling , Bulging eyes

• Decreased vision , Eye pain , Fever .considered an emergency, why?– can cause blindness , or brain abscess

Conjunctivitis "pink eye "

• Is the most common eye infection .• caused by dilation of blood vesselstypes of Conjunctivitis includes:

– Viral conjunctivitis – Bacterial conjunctivitis – Allergic conjunctivitis – Giant papillary conjunctivitis often affects soft contact lens wearers.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Infection and inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria.

Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

major symptoms :•Eye discharge : a thick discharge or pus .

•Red eyes •Foreign body eye sensation

•Eye pain •Swollen eyelids

Viral conjunctivitis

• is highly contagious, because airborne viruses can be spread through sneezing and coughing.

• can accompany common viral upper respiratory infections such as measles, the flu or the common cold.

• usually produces a watery discharge. • Unlike with bacterial infections, antibiotics will not

work against viruses.• But viral conjunctivitis is self-limited, which means it

will go away by itself after a short time.

Trachoma

is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness. Trachoma is the result of infection of the eye with

Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection often begins during infancy or childhood

and can become chronic.

Neonatal conjunctivitis

• Up to 10 percent of all pregnant women in the United States have a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection.

• Another type of sexually transmitted disease related to the herpes simplex virus type 2 found in the genital area can infect eyes of infants as they are born.

• Herpes simplex virus type 1, also can cause a type of eye herpes that results in pink eye.

Inclusion conjunctivitis

• Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis .

• The infection can occur in newborns while passing through an infected birth canal.

• Adult infections tend to be transmitted to the eye from the infected genitals via the hands.

• Diagnosis : is made by taking conjuctival cells with a swap or platinum spatula

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome

• is an eye problem similar to conjunctivitis )"pink eye"(.

• It usually affects only one eye and is accompanied by

nearby swollen lymph nodes and an illness with a fever.

Causes• Is caused by an infection by bacteria, virus, fungus,

or a parasite.• The most common causes are :• cat-scratch disease and tularemia )rabbit fever(.

keratitis

Is inflammation of the cornea. Viral keratitis :

– Herpes simplex keratitis, leaves what is called a 'dendritic ulcer'.

– Herpes zoster keratitis .

• Onchocercal keratitis :• which follows O. volvulus infection by infected

black fly bite.

What are dendritic ulcers?

• A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, or eyesore

• a common and serious infection of the corneal epithelium by Herpes simplex virus type I.

• The virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve between attacks.

• It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and the agrarian societies.

• In developing countries, children afflicted by Vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong.

• Symptoms extremely painful due to nerve exposure, cause tearing, vision loss of the eye. There may also be signs of anterior uveitis, such as

miosis )small pupil(, aqueous flare )protein in the aqueous humour( .

It can be seen with the slit lamp microscope used to examine your eye.

Fluorescent yellow drops are used to show the ulcer up more

easily .

Amoebic keratitis :the most serious corneal infection ,

usually affecting contact lens wearers caused by Acanthamoeba .

• Bacterial keratitis: – can follow from an injury or from wearing contact

lenses. – Staphylococcus aureus : for contact lens wearers, – Pseudomonas aeruginosa: contains enzymes that

can digest the cornea.

• Fungal keratitis : Fusarium sp.

Endophthalmitis

• Is inflammation of the uveal tract or posterior chamber .

• Usually caused by intraocular infection.

• Major cause : Bacillus cereus

chorioretinitis

• Inflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye.• It can be caused by various pathogens such as

bacteria, viruses, fungus or protozoa. Cytomegalovirus (AIDS ( Herpes virus 2 Histoplasmosis Syphilis, congenital Toxoplasma, congenital • Symptoms : Progressive loss of vision Floating black spots Blurry vision

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