by nabil asyran norsyafikah. historical perspective a syndrome of severe multisystem disease...
TRANSCRIPT
LEPTOSPIROSIS
By Nabil AsyranNorsyafikah
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
A syndrome of severe multisystem disease presenting as profound jaundice and renal function impairment was described by Weil in Heidelberg in 1886
First visualized in autopsy specimens in a case thought to be Yellow Fever
Simultaneously isolated in Japan and Germany
Many researchers died of the disease
LEPTOSPIROSIS… An infectious disease that affects humans
and animals. Also known as canicola fever,
hemorrhagic jaundice, mud fever, caver’s flu
It is caused by pathogenic spiral bacteria that belong to the genus Leptospira 11,12
The organism enters the body when mucous membranes or wounded skin come in contact with contaminated environmental sources
1. Tightly coiled thin flexible2. One end appears bent
forms a hook3. Active motile
TRANSMISSION
Rodens (rats) are the most common host
-harbour leptospires in kidneys Humans-direct contact with urine of infected
animals-urine-contaminated surface water, soil
and plants-swallowing contaminated food
PATHOGENESIS1. Leptospires peneterate mucous membrane
or abraded skin and multiply rapidly upon entering blood stream(cause fever)
2. Spread to kidney, liver, spleen, CNS, eyes and genital tract
3. Initial body responds clears most organs except kidneys(can remain and shed for weeks and months)
4. Produce hemorrhage and necrosis in the tissue and initiates dysfunction of the organ
SIGN AND SYMPTOMPS 1. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 26
days (approximately 10 days). 2. Begins with fever, chills, myalgias, and
headache. 3. Dry cough 4. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, joint pain,
bone pain, sore throat and abdominal pain are less common symptoms.
5. Inflammation of the lining of the eye. 6. May experience muscle pain, enlarged
spleen or liver, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, muscle rigidity, noise in LUNG or rash
Weil’s syndrome Severe form of leptospirosis that causes
continous fever, stupor, and reduction in the blood’s ability to clot, which leads to bleeding within tissues.
Blood test reveal anaemia By the third to sixth days, sign of kidney
damage and liver injury appear Kidney abnormality may cause blood in the
urine and painful urination Liver injury tends to be mild and usually heals
completely
RISK FACTOR
OCCUPATION-farm workers, veterinarians, pet shop
owners, field agricultural workers, butcher, plumbers etc
RECREATION ACTIVITY-canoeing, hiking, kayaking, fishing,
windsurfing, swimming, waterskiing, tourist ENVIRONMENT-rainy season and flood-temperate and tropical climate
LEPTOSPIROSIS CAN BE A SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEM
It is an infectious disease with a wide global distribution, has been by and large neglected as a serious health problem till recently.
mimic many other diseases (dengue fever, hepatitis and other haemorrhagic disease) so not recognize as presenting feature leptospirosis
The increasing reports of outbreaks and clusters of cases, particularly from southeast asia , has brought attention to the public health problem posed by this spirocheatal infection
TREATMENT
1. Acetaminophen2. Doxycycline3. Tetracycline4. Ciprofloxacin5. Fusemide6. Injection crystalline pecilline for
treting weils disease7. ampicillin
PREVENTION
Elemination of carrier Vaccination of animals Rodens control measures Protective clothing and footware for
wooker Avoid exposure to urine and tissue of
animals Avoid eating uncooked water and
drink directly from tap water
SOURCES1. http://www.slideshare.net/doctorrao/le
ptospirosis-59455582. http://www.nathnac.org/pro/factsheets
/leptospirosis.htm3. http://www.webmedcentral.com/articl
efiles/42cd5802f76cbfdcd5ae6a13001a824d.png
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis
5. http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/sosial/7026-leptospirosis-penyakit-terbaru-melanda-malaysia.html
6. http://profhariz.com/penyakit-kencing-tikus-leptospirosis/
7. http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fpmr.penerangan.gov.my%2Findex.php%2Fsosial%2F7026-leptospirosis-penyakit-terbaru-melanda-malaysia.html&h=wAQGpaFfl
8. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/08/29/Another-150-cases-of-leptospirosis-in-two-weeks.aspx