南極洲簡介 - dorise.info · ‧ 南極洲簡介 ‧ 一封來自南極洲的信...

南極洲

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南極洲簡介

南極洲是什麼？

南極洲是位於地球正南面的

一片大陸。（如果你要找南極洲

的位置，你會在地球儀的底部看

到。）

它佔地球表面的十分之一，

上面覆蓋著一層可能厚達 1,500 米以上的冰。南極在南極洲的正中央。

南極洲是全世界最寒冷，也是最乾燥、最高和風最強的大陸。很少人整年住在那裡。科學家

會在那裡短期逗留，住在特

別建造的研究站裡。

南極洲的夏天是十月至三月。這段期間，太陽日

夜不停的照射。四月至九月

是冬季，情形剛好相反，南

極洲會陷入一片漆黑，達六

個月。

南極

南極洲地圖

南極洲

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南極洲的天氣

南極洲寒冷得讓你不能想

像，就算是夏天也一樣。南極是

南極洲最寒冷的部分。一月是南

極洲的盛夏，那時的平均氣溫是

攝氏零下 28 度（寫成－28°C），零下的意思是比冰點（攝氏零度）

更冷。

南極在四月至九月的冬季，

平均溫度可以低到－89°C。這麼冷的情況下，把一杯煮沸了的

水，潑向空中，在它落到冰地之前，就已經結冰了。有時候，科學家

還要用冰箱幫樣本保暖呢！

南極洲的企鵝

南極洲的企鵝，比任何其他鳥類都多。

牠們不會飛，但會用短翅膀游泳，是游泳健將。在地面上牠們挺著

身子搖搖擺擺的走，或一小步一小步

的跳動。

企鵝有很多相互重疊的羽毛，再加上絨毛和厚脂肪層，能抵擋寒風、

水和冷空氣。企鵝為了更保暖，會擠

成一團。

南極洲

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來自南極洲的信

莎拉‧維樂是在南極洲工作的一位科學家。透過她寫給姪兒丹尼的信，你會知道更

多她在南極洲的經歷。

南極洲

十二月九日，星期五

親愛的丹尼：

這是我答應你從南極洲寄給你的信和相片。我跟著無數著名的探

險家的足跡，終於來到這裡了，你可想像我是多麼興奮。這裡和我一

向生活的世界很不一樣。

這裡沒有任何新鮮的食物，也沒有超級市場，所以我們要吃大量

乾糧、罐頭或冷凍的食物，（它們不需要放在冰箱裡，你只要把它們

留在屋子外面）。我們在小型瓦斯爐上煮食，花的時間比家裡的爐子

多很多。昨天，我用罐頭蕃茄醬和罐頭蔬菜煮麵吃，還吃了味道像厚

紙板的草莓乾。

我很想念新鮮的蘋果和柳橙，如果你能寄些給我就太好了！

愛你的莎拉

南極洲

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問題：南極洲：冰雪之地

1. 在地球儀上，哪裡可以找到南極洲？

2. 南極洲是地球上最寒冷的地方。它保持哪些紀錄？

最乾燥、最多雲

最潮濕、最強風

最強風、最乾燥

最多雲、最高

3. 南極洲最寒冷的部分在哪裡？

zhaoyue文字方塊需要明白說出南極洲的位置,以得到一分 : 南極洲在地球儀的底部,或者能說出位於地球正南面的一片大陸

zhaoyue文字方塊國際比較

zhaoyue文字方塊正解



zhaoyue文字方塊可接受回答：精確指出南極是最冷的地方(南極洲的中間點亦可)。

南極洲

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4. 想想文章中關於南極洲的資料。寫出兩個原因，說明為什麼大多數的人不會選擇四月至九月去南極洲？

5. 為什麼文章裡說「把一杯煮沸的水，潑向空中，在它落到冰地之前，就已經結冰了」？

告訴你南極洲的水有多熱

說明他們在南極洲喝什麼

告訴你科學家在南極洲的工作

說明南極洲有多寒冷

6. 根據文章，企鵝用翅膀做什麼？

飛行

游泳

為小企鵝取暖

挺直身體走動






zhaoyue文字方塊

完整回答以下兩個原因可得2分若只正確回答以下1個原因,另一個答案不正確或沒有回答則得1分

不能只回答「因為是冬天」，還要能夠完全清楚了解在冬季時南極洲的狀況，必須包含以下兩點： (1)冬季時的南極洲非常冷、(2)南極的永夜現象。 2分回答範例：冬天的時候南極有長達六個月的黑夜，而且冬天的南極冷到連潑一杯水都會在著地前結冰。

1分回答範例：那時是南極一年中最冷的時候。

南極洲

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7. 南極洲的企鵝怎樣保暖？請提出三種方法。

8. 從莎拉的信中你能知道哪兩件關於南極洲食物的事。



zhaoyue文字方塊從文中推出至少三種企鵝保暖的方法，並能夠清楚說明之完整回答可得3分。從文中推出兩種企鵝保暖的方式，並能夠清楚說明之及格回答可得2分。從文中推出一種企鵝保暖的方式，並能夠清楚說明之底限回答可得1分。

可從本文中提出以下幾種企鵝保暖的方式：牠們有很多反覆覆蓋的羽毛。牠們有絨毛般的羽毛。牠們有羽毛。(若上兩點沒有在答案中提到這項才能夠算一項) 牠們有厚脂肪層。牠們會擠在一團。

zhaoyue文字方塊

能夠精確舉出下列所列舉的重點中其中兩點。為完整回答可得2分：能夠精確舉出下列所列舉的重點中其中一點。為部份回答可得1分：

莎拉信中的重點：南極洲沒有超級市場。在那邊他們只有乾糧、罐頭食物、冷凍食品可以吃。/那邊沒有新鮮食物。食物不需要放在冰箱內。/食物可以在室外存放。他們用瓦斯爐烹煮食物。在南極洲煮東西比一般地方需要更久的時間。他們用罐頭番茄、蔬菜煮麵吃。草莓吃起來味道像紙板。南極洲沒有蘋果和橘子。莎拉不喜歡南極洲的食物。/南極洲的食物不好吃。

南極洲

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9. 你想去南極洲旅遊嗎？請你利用「南極洲簡介」和「來自南極洲的信」的內容，說明你想去或不想去的理由。

10. 文章的哪一部分告訴你南極洲的冰雪有多厚？

「南極洲是什麼」

「南極洲的天氣」

「南極洲的企鵝」

「來自南極洲的信」

11.這篇文章利用了兩種不同方式介紹南極洲：

‧ 南極洲簡介

‧ 一封來自南極洲的信

你認為哪一種資料比較有趣，為什麼？





zhaoyue文字方塊完整回答,可得2分：在闡述個人觀點時能統整並應用兩種不同理由來支持自己的論點。請參見下列列出的資訊。　　　　舉例：我不想去，因為那邊是地球上最冷的地方而且那邊沒有新鮮的食物。

部份回答,可得1分：在闡述個人觀點時用到兩篇文章中其中一篇的資訊來支持自己的論點。請參見下列列出兩篇文章中的資訊。　　舉例：我想去，因為那邊有很多的探險家。兩篇文章中的資訊：南極洲簡介─天氣非常冷永夜現象有企鵝居住很少人居住科學家在那邊短期居住來自南極洲的信─食物(新鮮度、罐頭食品、冷凍食品、烹煮方式、如何購買) 氣溫低到不需要冰箱許多著名探險家去過那邊

zhaoyue文字方塊完整回答：不只回答「因為是冬天」，還要能夠完全了解在冬季時南極洲的狀況，必須包含以下兩點：(1)冬季時的南極洲非常冷、(2)南極的永夜現象。例如：冬天的時候南極有長達六個月的黑夜，而且冬天的南極冷到連潑一杯水都會在著地前結冰。

部份回答：提到上述兩個條件其中一個。例如：那時是南極一年中最冷的時候。

zhaoyue文字方塊可接受回答,可得1分：可表現出對於兩種不同文體的了解(至少一篇)。能夠表達哪篇文章比較有趣，此外，必須包含對於兩篇文章中用語的精確描述(至少一篇)。例如：我喜歡莎拉的信，因為那封信讓人了解到那邊真實的情況。

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 1 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Focus on and Retrieve Explicitly Stated Information and Ideas (Antarctica) Label: Location of Antarctica (R011A01C - A01) Type: CR Key: X OTHER INCOR 0 1 OMITTED RECT V1 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 1018 7.0 91.8 1.2 1.2 91.8 94.6 89.0 Belgium (Flemish) 887 7.4 92.2 0.4 0.4 92.2 93.0 91.4 Belgium (French) 906 19.9 77.4 2.7 2.7 77.4 79.4 75.5 Bulgaria 774 12.8 86.0 1.2 1.2 86.0 84.9 87.2 Chinese Taipei 913 10.9 86.2 2.9 2.9 86.2 86.5 85.8 Denmark 804 15.1 83.4 1.5 1.5 83.4 85.1 81.6 England 804 5.2 93.0 1.8 1.8 93.0 93.7 92.8 France 873 5.8 94.2 0.0 0.0 94.2 93.1 95.2 Georgia 876 13.6 83.5 2.9 2.9 83.5 85.0 82.3 Germany 1576 6.1 91.7 2.1 2.1 91.7 91.9 91.6 Hong Kong SAR 940 9.7 88.8 1.5 1.5 88.8 90.2 87.4 Hungary 825 11.5 87.8 0.7 0.7 87.8 90.4 85.1 Iceland 742 10.7 84.3 5.0 5.0 84.3 85.6 82.8 Indonesia 939 38.4 57.1 4.5 4.5 57.1 61.0 53.5 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 43.8 43.1 13.1 13.1 43.1 46.4 40.4 Israel 791 13.5 83.8 2.6 2.6 83.8 85.7 81.9 Italy 709 10.2 88.9 0.9 0.9 88.9 88.7 89.2 Kuwait 755 35.0 43.6 21.4 21.4 43.6 46.0 41.1 Latvia 828 12.1 87.5 0.4 0.4 87.5 91.7 83.4 Lithuania 935 9.6 90.0 0.4 0.4 90.0 91.7 88.6 Luxembourg 1010 3.8 95.7 0.5 0.5 95.7 96.1 95.4 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 28.8 67.2 4.0 4.0 67.2 67.9 66.6 Moldova, Rep. of 804 15.9 82.7 1.4 1.4 82.7 85.0 80.6 Morocco 623 40.1 52.9 7.0 7.0 52.9 57.5 48.6 Netherlands 822 9.5 90.3 0.2 0.2 90.3 89.9 90.8 New Zealand 1238 7.7 91.0 1.3 1.3 91.0 93.4 88.7 Norway 795 9.5 88.4 2.1 2.1 88.4 90.7 86.1 Poland 961 7.4 91.1 1.4 1.4 91.1 92.5 89.6 Qatar 1318 32.2 62.3 5.5 5.5 62.3 68.4 56.3 Romania 854 19.2 74.5 6.3 6.3 74.5 76.9 72.2 Russian Federation 944 9.0 90.4 0.7 0.7 90.4 92.7 87.9 Scotland 752 5.2 93.4 1.4 1.4 93.4 94.1 92.6 Singapore 1278 5.5 93.8 0.7 0.7 93.8 96.9 90.8 Slovak Republic 1070 9.9 88.9 1.2 1.2 88.9 90.1 87.7 Slovenia 1066 6.8 91.6 1.6 1.6 91.6 90.4 92.8 South Africa 2833 54.9 34.4 10.7 10.7 34.4 38.7 30.0 Spain 820 13.7 83.3 3.0 3.0 83.3 83.6 83.1 Sweden 884 9.1 88.8 2.1 2.1 88.8 88.8 88.7 Trinidad and Tobago 787 27.4 70.2 2.4 2.4 70.2 76.7 63.7 United States 1034 5.1 94.5 0.4 0.4 94.5 95.3 93.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Avg. 966 15.5 81.5 3.0 3.0 81.5 83.2 79.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canada, Alberta 848 7.3 92.2 0.4 0.4 92.2 92.7 91.8 Canada, British Colum 833 9.0 90.0 1.0 1.0 90.0 88.1 91.7 Canada, Nova Scotia 886 7.8 91.1 1.1 1.1 91.1 92.9 89.2 Canada, Ontario 788 7.9 91.5 0.6 0.6 91.5 92.7 90.4 Canada, Quebec 734 6.6 92.2 1.2 1.2 92.2 93.3 91.0 Iceland (5th Grade) 273 8.9 89.3 1.8 1.8 89.3 89.7 88.9 Norway (5th Grade) 367 4.9 94.0 1.1 1.1 94.0 95.2 92.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V1 = Percent scoring 1 or better; V2 = Percent scoring 2 or better; V3 = Percent scoring 3 or better. Percent right for boys and girls corresponds to percent obtaining maximum score on the item. Because of missing gender information, some totals may appear inconsistent.

zhaoyue文字方塊回到問卷

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 2 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Focus on and Retrieve Explicitly Stated Information and Ideas (Antarctica) Label: Records Antarctica holds (R011A02M - A02) Type: MC Key: C OTHER INCOR DIFF A B C D OMITTED RECT 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Austria 1018 68.5 8.4 14.5 68.5 6.4 2.2 2.2 70.9 66.2 Belgium (Flemish) 887 68.6 5.1 16.9 68.6 7.7 1.7 1.7 70.3 67.0 Belgium (French) 906 61.9 7.7 15.5 61.9 12.8 2.0 2.0 61.7 62.1 Bulgaria 775 77.8 3.6 11.1 77.8 5.0 2.5 2.5 79.4 76.3 Chinese Taipei 911 86.8 5.3 6.5 86.8 1.1 0.3 0.3 88.5 85.1 Denmark 804 66.2 21.9 4.8 66.2 5.2 1.9 1.9 65.8 66.5 England 804 55.5 16.3 15.4 55.5 10.7 2.1 2.1 55.8 55.4 France 886 66.2 4.8 15.9 66.2 9.0 4.1 4.1 65.9 66.5 Georgia 876 65.4 9.0 11.3 65.4 12.4 1.9 1.9 68.8 62.5 Germany 1576 67.8 7.4 15.4 67.8 6.2 3.2 3.2 67.4 68.2 Hong Kong SAR 940 88.6 3.8 6.1 88.6 1.4 0.1 0.1 91.2 86.1 Hungary 823 55.5 10.5 15.2 55.5 15.4 3.4 3.4 57.9 53.2 Iceland 742 53.4 13.9 13.6 53.4 16.6 2.5 2.5 56.0 50.5 Indonesia 938 46.7 14.4 26.4 46.7 11.7 0.8 0.8 49.8 43.9 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 50.4 12.0 20.0 50.4 15.9 1.7 1.7 52.9 48.2 Israel 791 52.9 7.3 22.8 52.9 13.7 3.3 3.3 53.7 52.2 Italy 709 72.4 6.1 9.7 72.4 10.7 1.1 1.1 75.2 69.6 Kuwait 756 43.6 21.1 19.1 43.6 7.3 8.9 8.9 47.1 40.1 Latvia 827 62.8 4.2 13.3 62.8 19.3 0.3 0.3 69.5 56.2 Lithuania 935 67.3 4.5 18.4 67.3 5.6 4.3 4.3 71.8 63.4 Luxembourg 1010 76.5 7.2 7.8 76.5 5.0 3.5 3.5 76.4 76.6 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 53.0 14.1 17.9 53.0 9.6 5.4 5.4 57.2 49.0 Moldova, Rep. of 805 60.3 6.2 23.4 60.3 9.5 0.6 0.6 60.5 60.1 Morocco 623 36.4 12.6 16.1 36.4 27.6 7.3 7.3 34.8 37.8 Netherlands 822 73.0 8.8 9.6 73.0 7.4 1.2 1.2 74.9 71.1 New Zealand 1238 57.5 12.7 16.4 57.5 12.2 1.2 1.2 60.1 55.0 Norway 795 57.5 8.3 20.7 57.5 9.3 4.1 4.1 57.0 58.1 Poland 961 54.5 11.5 20.6 54.5 9.9 3.5 3.5 59.5 49.0 Qatar 1318 41.4 22.6 16.0 41.4 18.2 1.8 1.8 41.9 40.9 Romania 853 55.6 10.1 21.9 55.6 11.2 1.2 1.2 61.8 49.7 Russian Federation 944 77.2 4.2 8.5 77.2 8.8 1.3 1.3 82.6 71.3 Scotland 752 53.8 16.1 17.1 53.8 12.0 1.0 1.0 56.5 51.0 Singapore 1278 79.9 9.7 4.7 79.9 5.5 0.2 0.2 83.5 76.3 Slovak Republic 1067 69.6 10.8 9.9 69.6 9.1 0.7 0.7 69.1 70.1 Slovenia 1066 61.7 10.7 17.3 61.7 8.7 1.6 1.6 64.1 59.3 South Africa 2833 30.7 18.1 23.1 30.7 15.5 12.6 12.6 32.9 28.5 Spain 820 55.9 8.6 17.0 55.9 17.4 1.2 1.2 55.2 56.7 Sweden 884 73.8 5.2 12.2 73.8 6.6 2.2 2.2 75.8 71.9 Trinidad and Tobago 787 39.6 17.2 18.5 39.6 22.6 2.1 2.1 43.1 36.1 United States 1034 66.4 12.0 12.6 66.4 8.6 0.4 0.4 69.5 63.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ International Avg. 966 61.3 10.3 15.1 61.3 10.7 2.5 2.5 63.4 59.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Canada, Alberta 848 67.5 10.7 9.8 67.5 11.3 0.7 0.7 68.5 66.6 Canada, British Colum 833 63.2 12.5 13.1 63.2 9.7 1.5 1.5 63.2 63.3 Canada, Nova Scotia 886 56.3 13.9 15.3 56.3 12.9 1.7 1.7 60.5 52.1 Canada, Ontario 788 66.5 11.9 11.2 66.5 10.3 0.2 0.2 69.8 63.3 Canada, Quebec 734 72.8 4.9 9.0 72.8 10.6 2.7 2.7 74.9 70.6 Iceland (5th Grade) 273 70.3 8.7 10.2 70.3 9.5 1.3 1.3 70.3 70.2 Norway (5th Grade) 367 80.1 4.0 10.9 80.1 4.0 1.0 1.0 81.0 79.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DIFF = Percent correct; OTHER INCORRECT = Sum of omitted and not reached. Because of missing gender information, some totals may appear inconsistent.


Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 3 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Focus on and Retrieve Explicitly Stated Information and Ideas (Antarctica) Label: Coldest part of Antarctica (R011A03C - A03) Type: CR Key: X OTHER NOT INCOR 0 1 OMITTED REACHED RECT V1 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 1018 13.6 82.5 3.9 0.0 3.9 82.5 82.0 83.0 Belgium (Flemish) 887 16.3 82.0 1.7 0.0 1.7 82.0 80.7 83.2 Belgium (French) 906 32.7 63.1 4.3 0.0 4.3 63.1 58.4 67.8 Bulgaria 774 16.5 80.7 2.8 0.0 2.8 80.7 81.0 80.5 Chinese Taipei 913 31.9 65.0 3.0 0.0 3.0 65.0 65.1 65.0 Denmark 804 11.8 85.4 2.8 0.0 2.8 85.4 86.6 84.1 England 804 18.2 78.9 2.9 0.0 2.9 78.9 80.1 78.0 France 885 28.3 63.5 8.2 0.0 8.2 63.5 61.3 65.3 Georgia 876 23.3 71.5 5.3 0.0 5.3 71.5 74.7 68.8 Germany 1576 11.0 85.3 3.6 0.0 3.6 85.3 84.8 85.9 Hong Kong SAR 940 19.4 78.9 1.8 0.0 1.8 78.9 79.5 78.2 Hungary 825 8.1 90.9 1.0 0.0 1.0 90.9 91.5 90.3 Iceland 742 23.3 70.2 6.4 0.1 6.5 70.2 71.8 68.4 Indonesia 939 43.5 53.6 2.8 0.1 2.9 53.6 54.2 53.1 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 59.4 26.1 14.4 0.0 14.4 26.1 25.0 27.0 Israel 791 24.0 70.3 5.6 0.1 5.7 70.3 71.1 69.5 Italy 709 9.7 88.7 1.6 0.0 1.6 88.7 92.7 84.9 Kuwait 755 45.1 25.6 28.8 0.5 29.3 25.6 31.3 19.7 Latvia 828 24.9 72.4 2.7 0.0 2.7 72.4 73.2 71.6 Lithuania 935 18.4 79.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 79.4 84.2 75.3 Luxembourg 1010 9.2 88.7 2.1 0.0 2.1 88.7 87.7 89.7 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 25.8 70.2 4.0 0.0 4.0 70.2 72.4 68.2 Moldova, Rep. of 805 22.9 75.4 1.6 0.1 1.7 75.4 78.3 72.6 Morocco 622 57.3 32.8 9.9 0.0 9.9 32.8 32.7 32.9 Netherlands 822 15.1 84.0 0.9 0.0 0.9 84.0 83.7 84.4 New Zealand 1238 16.1 82.4 1.5 0.0 1.5 82.4 84.2 80.6 Norway 795 14.5 81.2 4.3 0.0 4.3 81.2 84.5 77.9 Poland 961 27.7 68.3 3.9 0.0 3.9 68.3 74.5 61.4 Qatar 1318 60.1 31.9 8.0 0.0 8.0 31.9 32.6 31.2 Romania 854 20.7 76.1 3.2 0.0 3.2 76.1 81.5 70.9 Russian Federation 944 22.8 76.2 1.0 0.0 1.0 76.2 78.6 73.5 Scotland 752 12.4 86.2 1.4 0.0 1.4 86.2 84.4 88.1 Singapore 1278 11.2 88.4 0.4 0.0 0.4 88.4 90.4 86.5 Slovak Republic 1070 21.2 77.9 0.9 0.0 0.9 77.9 79.4 76.3 Slovenia 1066 29.6 67.9 2.5 0.0 2.5 67.9 70.2 65.7 South Africa 2833 58.6 30.9 10.2 0.4 10.5 30.9 33.1 28.5 Spain 820 15.8 81.8 2.4 0.0 2.4 81.8 80.5 83.2 Sweden 884 8.3 88.3 3.4 0.0 3.4 88.3 88.5 88.1 Trinidad and Tobago 787 27.1 68.2 4.7 0.1 4.8 68.2 71.3 65.0 United States 1034 17.6 81.4 1.0 0.0 1.0 81.4 80.3 82.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Avg. 967 24.3 71.3 4.3 0.0 4.4 71.3 72.5 70.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canada, Alberta 848 17.0 82.1 0.9 0.0 0.9 82.1 81.4 82.7 Canada, British Colum 833 13.1 85.4 1.5 0.0 1.5 85.4 79.9 90.4 Canada, Nova Scotia 886 15.1 81.9 3.0 0.0 3.0 81.9 81.8 81.9 Canada, Ontario 788 18.5 79.7 1.8 0.0 1.8 79.7 82.3 77.3 Canada, Quebec 734 19.5 78.2 2.3 0.0 2.3 78.2 77.9 78.5 Iceland (5th Grade) 273 17.5 80.3 2.2 0.0 2.2 80.3 82.7 77.5 Norway (5th Grade) 367 11.9 84.7 3.3 0.0 3.3 84.7 88.9 79.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V1 = Percent scoring 1 or better; V2 = Percent scoring 2 or better; V3 = Percent scoring 3 or better. Percent right for boys and girls corresponds to percent obtaining maximum score on the item. Because of missing gender information, some totals may appear inconsistent.


Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 4 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Interpret and Integrate Ideas and Information (Antarctica) Label: Why people don't visit April - Sept (R011A04C - A04) Type: CR Key: X OTHER NOT INCOR 0 1 2 OMITTED REACHED RECT V1 V2 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 1018 7.1 58.1 30.8 4.1 0.0 4.1 88.9 30.8 31.6 30.0 Belgium (Flemish) 887 6.8 70.1 22.1 1.1 0.0 1.1 92.2 22.1 21.0 23.1 Belgium (French) 906 11.2 67.0 16.7 5.0 0.0 5.0 83.7 16.7 16.3 17.1 Bulgaria 774 9.9 46.3 37.1 6.5 0.2 6.7 83.4 37.1 39.8 34.4 Chinese Taipei 913 4.3 65.2 26.8 3.7 0.0 3.7 91.9 26.8 25.1 28.4 Denmark 804 7.6 63.0 23.2 6.1 0.0 6.1 86.3 23.2 24.0 22.5 England 804 7.8 60.7 28.4 3.2 0.0 3.2 89.0 28.4 29.6 27.2 France 886 9.2 64.0 21.4 5.4 0.0 5.4 85.4 21.4 20.8 22.0 Georgia 873 13.3 54.7 18.1 13.9 0.0 13.9 72.8 18.1 18.6 17.7 Germany 1576 7.7 61.1 28.1 3.1 0.0 3.1 89.2 28.1 26.0 30.1 Hong Kong SAR 940 6.2 51.8 40.0 1.9 0.0 1.9 91.8 40.0 39.3 40.7 Hungary 825 12.1 62.6 20.6 4.6 0.1 4.7 83.2 20.6 21.9 19.3 Iceland 742 7.0 65.1 19.5 8.0 0.4 8.4 84.6 19.5 20.3 18.7 Indonesia 939 35.1 43.7 15.1 5.9 0.2 6.0 58.9 15.1 17.0 13.5 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 25.3 43.6 10.5 20.4 0.2 20.6 54.1 10.5 12.4 8.9 Israel 791 17.1 51.8 24.6 5.9 0.5 6.4 76.5 24.6 26.9 22.4 Italy 709 6.7 52.9 35.8 4.7 0.0 4.7 88.6 35.8 36.7 34.8 Kuwait 756 25.7 25.8 6.8 38.7 3.1 41.7 32.6 6.8 8.5 5.0 Latvia 828 8.4 56.7 30.3 4.5 0.0 4.5 87.0 30.3 34.5 26.2 Lithuania 935 12.2 62.8 22.1 2.9 0.0 2.9 84.9 22.1 25.5 19.1 Luxembourg 1010 2.4 53.2 42.2 2.2 0.0 2.2 95.4 42.2 41.8 42.5 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 16.6 55.7 17.6 9.9 0.3 10.2 73.3 17.6 19.8 15.4 Moldova, Rep. of 804 15.0 58.6 20.6 5.8 0.1 5.8 79.2 20.6 24.1 17.2 Morocco 623 37.0 39.4 4.5 18.5 0.5 19.1 43.9 4.5 5.5 3.6 Netherlands 822 7.3 62.7 29.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 91.7 29.0 29.6 28.4 New Zealand 1238 8.5 59.1 29.1 3.2 0.0 3.2 88.2 29.1 30.3 28.0 Norway 795 16.5 56.5 20.1 6.8 0.1 6.9 76.6 20.1 22.0 18.3 Poland 960 13.3 55.5 22.2 9.0 0.0 9.0 77.7 22.2 25.0 19.1 Qatar 1318 41.0 40.1 5.6 13.0 0.3 13.3 45.7 5.6 6.4 4.8 Romania 854 15.5 48.9 27.4 8.0 0.2 8.2 76.3 27.4 32.0 23.0 Russian Federation 944 13.4 48.9 29.9 7.8 0.0 7.8 78.9 29.9 31.7 28.0 Scotland 752 10.4 62.2 24.4 3.0 0.0 3.0 86.6 24.4 28.9 19.9 Singapore 1278 6.9 59.4 33.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 92.3 33.0 34.2 31.7 Slovak Republic 1070 12.9 64.5 19.8 2.9 0.0 2.9 84.2 19.8 23.4 16.3 Slovenia 1065 18.7 53.5 16.7 11.0 0.1 11.1 70.2 16.7 18.8 14.6 South Africa 2833 48.1 34.3 6.7 10.0 0.9 10.9 40.9 6.7 8.2 5.1 Spain 820 12.4 55.0 24.1 8.4 0.1 8.5 79.1 24.1 24.8 23.4 Sweden 884 6.2 58.3 31.6 3.8 0.2 4.0 89.9 31.6 31.9 31.3 Trinidad and Tobago 787 23.2 54.8 12.7 9.0 0.3 9.2 67.6 12.7 13.9 11.5 United States 1034 6.4 67.8 24.1 1.7 0.0 1.7 91.9 24.1 23.9 24.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Avg. 967 14.3 55.4 23.0 7.1 0.2 7.3 78.4 23.0 24.3 21.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canada, Alberta 848 5.9 61.5 31.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 93.1 31.5 32.9 30.3 Canada, British Colum 833 6.6 66.0 25.7 1.7 0.0 1.7 91.7 25.7 23.2 28.0 Canada, Nova Scotia 886 6.8 60.8 29.0 2.9 0.5 3.4 89.8 29.0 28.8 29.2 Canada, Ontario 788 7.0 62.4 30.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 92.5 30.1 31.9 28.4 Canada, Quebec 734 6.3 61.8 29.0 2.8 0.0 2.8 90.8 29.0 29.0 29.0 Iceland (5th Grade) 273 7.9 56.9 32.2 3.0 0.0 3.0 89.1 32.2 31.0 33.6 Norway (5th Grade) 367 8.5 55.3 32.0 4.2 0.0 4.2 87.4 32.0 29.6 35.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V1 = Percent scoring 1 or better; V2 = Percent scoring 2 or better; V3 = Percent scoring 3 or better. Percent right for boys and girls corresponds to percent obtaining maximum score on the item. Because of missing gender information, some totals may appear inconsistent.


Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 5 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Make Straightforward Inferences (Antarctica) Label: Mug of boiling water freezes (R011A05M - A05) Type: MC Key: D OTHER NOT INCOR DIFF A B C D OMITTED REACHED RECT 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 1018 89.7 1.1 1.7 6.3 89.7 1.1 0.0 1.1 90.7 88.7 Belgium (Flemish) 887 95.0 0.7 0.8 3.2 95.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 94.0 95.9 Belgium (French) 906 86.8 2.9 1.1 8.5 86.8 0.6 0.1 0.7 83.9 89.6 Bulgaria 775 94.7 2.0 0.6 1.9 94.7 0.6 0.3 0.8 93.8 95.5 Chinese Taipei 913 95.3 1.3 0.3 2.5 95.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 94.8 95.8 Denmark 804 93.1 1.3 1.4 3.0 93.1 0.9 0.4 1.2 93.8 92.4 England 804 92.6 2.5 0.9 3.6 92.6 0.4 0.0 0.4 93.1 92.5 France 886 83.6 1.8 1.4 11.6 83.6 1.5 0.0 1.5 80.8 86.1 Georgia 873 77.5 8.8 3.5 8.4 77.5 1.5 0.2 1.7 78.3 76.9 Germany 1576 92.8 0.9 0.8 3.9 92.8 1.4 0.3 1.6 91.1 94.3 Hong Kong SAR 940 94.8 1.0 1.1 2.9 94.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 95.4 94.2 Hungary 825 92.8 1.6 1.1 4.2 92.8 0.3 0.1 0.4 91.3 94.3 Iceland 742 84.9 2.9 0.8 9.6 84.9 1.4 0.4 1.8 86.6 83.0 Indonesia 938 54.2 12.3 9.0 22.3 54.2 1.8 0.4 2.2 55.0 53.5 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 71.1 6.6 5.3 13.2 71.1 3.4 0.4 3.7 71.7 70.7 Israel 791 81.8 3.4 4.2 8.8 81.8 1.1 0.7 1.8 81.6 82.1 Italy 709 91.3 1.3 1.8 5.3 91.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 89.1 93.5 Kuwait 756 46.1 11.6 14.7 15.5 46.1 8.1 4.0 12.2 51.1 40.5 Latvia 828 92.3 1.8 1.0 4.6 92.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 92.0 92.5 Lithuania 935 92.0 0.7 0.4 6.0 92.0 0.9 0.0 0.9 92.2 91.8 Luxembourg 1010 93.9 1.1 0.9 2.6 93.9 1.5 0.0 1.5 94.0 93.9 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 79.8 6.0 4.3 5.6 79.8 3.1 1.1 4.3 78.1 81.4 Moldova, Rep. of 805 87.3 3.3 2.9 5.7 87.3 0.8 0.1 0.9 91.3 83.5 Morocco 623 45.4 13.4 9.9 21.5 45.4 7.0 2.8 9.8 48.7 42.4 Netherlands 822 97.6 0.6 0.4 1.4 97.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 96.7 98.6 New Zealand 1238 90.3 2.3 2.1 4.7 90.3 0.5 0.1 0.6 91.4 89.2 Norway 795 89.2 3.1 1.2 4.3 89.2 1.9 0.3 2.2 89.8 88.6 Poland 961 87.7 4.0 2.5 4.8 87.7 1.1 0.0 1.1 89.3 85.8 Qatar 1318 52.0 13.5 13.1 18.8 52.0 2.2 0.4 2.6 52.3 51.7 Romania 854 87.9 2.5 2.6 5.7 87.9 1.1 0.3 1.4 86.3 89.5 Russian Federation 944 88.5 1.8 0.7 8.6 88.5 0.3 0.1 0.5 88.5 88.4 Scotland 752 92.6 3.3 1.0 2.5 92.6 0.6 0.0 0.6 94.2 91.1 Singapore 1278 93.3 1.9 1.8 2.9 93.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 93.9 92.6 Slovak Republic 1068 88.3 2.3 1.8 7.3 88.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 86.4 90.3 Slovenia 1065 92.1 2.4 1.5 3.0 92.1 0.8 0.1 0.9 92.4 91.9 South Africa 2833 43.0 16.2 10.3 16.1 43.0 12.1 2.4 14.5 45.7 40.3 Spain 820 82.4 1.8 2.2 12.1 82.4 1.4 0.1 1.5 79.7 85.4 Sweden 884 95.1 1.2 0.5 2.4 95.1 0.6 0.3 0.9 94.2 95.9 Trinidad and Tobago 787 76.9 8.0 3.7 9.7 76.9 1.4 0.3 1.7 77.4 76.4 United States 1034 92.8 2.1 1.6 3.2 92.8 0.2 0.0 0.2 93.5 92.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Avg. 967 84.0 3.9 2.9 7.2 84.0 1.6 0.4 2.0 84.1 83.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canada, Alberta 848 94.8 1.1 0.8 2.6 94.8 0.7 0.0 0.7 94.6 95.0 Canada, British Colum 833 94.8 1.4 0.8 2.7 94.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 94.3 95.3 Canada, Nova Scotia 886 92.7 1.6 1.0 3.6 92.7 0.6 0.5 1.1 94.4 91.0 Canada, Ontario 788 94.2 0.9 0.4 3.6 94.2 0.9 0.0 0.9 92.1 96.3 Canada, Quebec 734 88.2 2.3 0.4 7.8 88.2 1.1 0.3 1.3 86.9 89.4 Iceland (5th Grade) 273 93.8 0.7 0.6 4.1 93.8 0.8 0.0 0.8 91.7 96.2 Norway (5th Grade) 367 92.6 2.3 0.0 4.6 92.6 0.6 0.0 0.6 92.6 92.5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DIFF = Percent correct; OTHER INCORRECT = Sum of omitted and not reached. Because of missing gender information, some totals may appear inconsistent.


Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 6 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Focus on and Retrieve Explicitly Stated Information and Ideas (Antarctica) Label: Purpose of penguins' wings (R011A06M - A06) Type: MC Key: B OTHER NOT INCOR DIFF A B C D OMITTED REACHED RECT 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 1018 94.6 0.9 94.6 2.0 1.7 0.8 0.0 0.8 94.7 94.4 Belgium (Flemish) 887 94.9 0.4 94.9 3.0 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.8 94.9 94.8 Belgium (French) 906 88.0 1.4 88.0 4.3 4.7 1.4 0.1 1.6 88.2 87.8 Bulgaria 775 89.1 1.1 89.1 4.1 3.9 1.5 0.3 1.8 86.1 92.1 Chinese Taipei 909 94.3 0.2 94.3 3.1 1.9 0.1 0.3 0.5 94.1 94.4 Denmark 804 94.9 0.7 94.9 3.6 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.4 95.8 94.0 England 804 91.7 1.7 91.7 3.6 2.4 0.7 0.0 0.7 91.2 92.0 France 886 91.0 0.9 91.0 2.9 3.3 1.8 0.1 1.9 91.1 91.0 Georgia 873 85.7 2.7 85.7 6.9 3.2 1.3 0.2 1.5 87.8 84.1 Germany 1576 96.4 0.1 96.4 2.0 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.9 95.6 97.1 Hong Kong SAR 940 94.5 0.5 94.5 3.3 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.4 93.5 95.5 Hungary 824 92.4 0.2 92.4 5.4 0.5 1.4 0.1 1.5 91.6 93.2 Iceland 742 83.5 0.7 83.5 9.2 4.7 1.3 0.5 1.9 82.5 84.6 Indonesia 939 68.1 11.4 68.1 16.1 2.9 0.8 0.7 1.5 68.4 67.8 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 77.1 4.2 77.1 12.9 3.8 1.2 0.8 2.1 78.8 75.6 Israel 791 80.7 4.5 80.7 7.8 4.5 1.5 1.0 2.5 81.8 79.6 Italy 709 94.2 0.3 94.2 3.4 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.7 95.8 92.6 Kuwait 756 50.3 12.4 50.3 16.4 10.1 5.7 5.1 10.9 55.8 44.2 Latvia 828 94.7 0.5 94.7 2.7 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.8 96.7 92.8 Lithuania 935 90.1 0.5 90.1 6.2 1.4 1.8 0.0 1.8 89.0 91.1 Luxembourg 1010 97.4 0.6 97.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.5 97.2 97.7 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 79.6 4.6 79.6 6.8 4.6 3.3 1.1 4.4 80.2 79.0 Moldova, Rep. of 804 83.0 3.3 83.0 10.3 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.6 84.3 81.7 Morocco 623 54.2 14.3 54.2 14.4 8.2 5.7 3.2 8.9 54.2 54.2 Netherlands 822 95.7 0.3 95.7 2.3 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 96.3 95.1 New Zealand 1238 92.2 0.5 92.2 4.6 1.9 0.5 0.2 0.8 93.1 91.4 Norway 795 88.9 0.6 88.9 5.0 2.9 2.4 0.3 2.7 86.9 90.9 Poland 961 93.0 0.5 93.0 3.7 1.2 1.5 0.0 1.5 92.6 93.5 Qatar 1316 67.6 10.0 67.6 11.8 8.8 0.9 0.9 1.8 71.1 64.1 Romania 852 84.4 2.5 84.4 6.8 4.8 1.1 0.4 1.5 82.8 86.0 Russian Federation 944 93.6 0.6 93.6 5.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 92.7 94.4 Scotland 752 91.3 2.2 91.3 3.3 2.7 0.5 0.0 0.5 93.4 89.2 Singapore 1278 95.0 0.9 95.0 2.2 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 95.6 94.4 Slovak Republic 1070 95.4 0.5 95.4 2.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 95.1 95.7 Slovenia 1065 93.2 1.3 93.2 3.4 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.1 94.9 91.6 South Africa 2833 40.0 17.9 40.0 19.0 8.1 9.6 5.4 14.9 43.0 37.0 Spain 820 90.6 1.2 90.6 4.0 2.6 1.2 0.5 1.7 88.8 92.6 Sweden 884 95.4 1.3 95.4 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 95.3 95.5 Trinidad and Tobago 787 80.7 6.0 80.7 7.8 3.2 1.3 1.0 2.3 85.2 76.2 United States 1034 93.7 0.7 93.7 3.4 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.4 95.6 91.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- International Avg. 966 86.3 2.9 86.3 5.9 2.9 1.4 0.6 2.0 86.8 85.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Canada, Alberta 848 95.9 0.3 95.9 2.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.5 96.8 94.9 Canada, British Colum 833 96.0 0.7 96.0 1.6 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 95.6 96.3 Canada, Nova Scotia 886 92.0 1.1 92.0 3.8 1.9 0.7 0.5 1.2 95.0 88.9 Canada, Ontario 788 93.3 1.0 93.3 3.5 1.8 0.3 0.1 0.5 93.1 93.4 Canada, Quebec 734 94.6 0.0 94.6 1.8 2.2 1.1 0.3 1.3 95.2 94.0 Iceland (5th Grade) 273 92.2 0.7 92.2 5.2 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.6 92.7 91.6 Norway (5th Grade) 367 92.5 0.3 92.5 2.0 4.6 0.7 0.0 0.7 92.5 92.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DIFF = Percent correct; OTHER INCORRECT = Sum of omitted and not reached. Because of missing gender information, some totals may appear inconsistent.


Progress in International Reading Literacy Study - PIRLS 2006 Assessment Results 10:00 Wednesday, November 28, 2007 7 Achievement Data Almanac for Acquire and Use Information Items (Weighted) - 4th Grade Acquire and Use Information: Make Straightforward Inferences (Antarctica) Label: Ways penguins keep warm (R011A07C - A07) Type: CR Key: X OTHER NOT INCOR 0 1 2 3 OMITTED REACHED RECT V1 V2 V3 1.GIRL 2.BOY COUNTRY N % % % % % % % % % % % RIGHT % RIGHT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Austria 1018 4.6 19.6 27.3 45.3 3.3 0.0 3.3 92.1 72.6 45.3 50.2 40.4 Belgium (Flemish) 887 5.7 10.7 29.2 54.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 93.8 83.1 54.0 54.4 53.5 Belgium (French) 906 13.3 18.1 26.5 35.9 6.0 0.1 6.2 80.5 62.4 35.9 36.4 35.4 Bulgaria 774 4.7 10.9 19.3 61.7 3.2 0.3 3.4 91.9 81.0 61.7 63.0 60.5 Chinese Taipei 913 2.3 11.3 10.3 74.2 1.6 0.3 1.9 95.8 84.5 74.2 76.4 72.0 Denmark 804 13.1 19.6 27.9 37.6 1.4 0.4 1.8 85.0 65.5 37.6 42.8 32.2 England 804 11.9 13.1 23.8 50.0 1.1 0.1 1.2 86.9 73.8 50.0 56.0 44.1 France 885 11.3 12.6 12.6 57.5 5.9 0.1 5.9 82.7 70.1 57.5 61.6 54.0 Georgia 875 10.7 16.7 28.7 34.0 9.6 0.2 9.8 79.5 62.7 34.0 37.8 30.9 Germany 1576 5.2 18.2 34.9 40.0 1.3 0.3 1.6 93.2 75.0 40.0 42.8 37.4 Hong Kong SAR 940 2.1 4.9 8.8 82.0 2.1 0.0 2.1 95.8 90.9 82.0 83.4 80.8 Hungary 825 7.2 14.2 25.8 49.7 3.1 0.1 3.1 89.7 75.5 49.7 55.1 44.2 Iceland 742 13.7 17.5 16.0 47.9 4.0 0.9 5.0 81.3 63.9 47.9 50.8 44.7 Indonesia 939 40.7 15.0 19.3 19.8 4.5 0.7 5.2 54.1 39.1 19.8 19.9 19.7 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1070 29.1 20.5 16.9 21.0 11.4 1.0 12.5 58.5 38.0 21.0 23.9 18.6 Israel 791 12.2 11.8 19.6 51.1 4.5 1.0 5.4 82.4 70.7 51.1 52.2 49.8 Italy 709 7.5 16.4 18.5 55.7 1.9 0.0 1.9 90.6 74.2 55.7 61.0 50.5 Kuwait 756 26.5 6.0 9.4 15.6 36.0 6.5 42.5 31.0 25.0 15.6 19.0 12.0 Latvia 828 4.1 11.4 17.1 66.7 0.6 0.0 0.6 95.2 83.8 66.7 71.5 62.1 Lithuania 935 5.7 14.9 29.9 49.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 93.8 78.9 49.0 56.4 42.7 Luxembourg 1010 3.5 13.9 33.1 47.5 2.0 0.0 2.0 94.6 80.6 47.5 50.3 44.8 Macedonia, Rep. of 794 16.6 14.6 21.1 39.0 7.2 1.6 8.8 74.6 60.0 39.0 42.9 35.2 Moldova, Rep. of 804 10.8 19.4 33.3 33.7 2.4 0.4 2.8 86.4 67.0 33.7 38.7 29.0 Morocco 623 49.9 11.8 7.3 14.2 13.3 3.5 16.8 33.3 21.4 14.2 15.1 13.3 Netherlands 822 5.6 11.6 37.2 45.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 94.0 82.5 45.2 48.8 41.7 New Zealand 1238 9.6 13.8 22.2 51.2 2.9 0.3 3.2 87.2 73.4 51.2 56.0 46.6 Norway 795 13.3 23.6 27.5 31.4 3.8 0.3 4.2 82.5 58.9 31.4 36.8 26.2 Poland 961 10.5 10.2 15.3 60.0 4.0 0.0 4.0 85.5 75.3 60.0 67.1 52.0 Qatar 1317 40.6 12.9 13.4 19.4 12.5 1.1 13.7 45.7 32.8 19.4 21.8 17.0 Romania 854 15.5 15.3 21.4 41.7 5.7 0.4 6.1 78.4 63.1 41.7 48.5 35.1 Russian Federation 944 1.6 5.3 11.0 81.4 0.6 0.1 0.7 97.7 92.4 81.4 85.2 77.3 Scotland 752 11.9 12.4 23.0 50.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 85.8 73.4 50.4 56.7 44.0 Singapore 1278 6.1 6.5 18.1 68.3 1.0 0.1 1.1 92.9 86.4 68.3 74.4 62.2 Slovak Republic 1070 6.9 13.4 21.8 56.3 1.5 0.0 1.5 91.5 78.1 56.3 55.8 56.8 Slovenia 1064 8.6 14.6 24.4 49.8 2.4 0.1 2.5 88.9 74.2 49.8 58.1 41.6 South Africa 2833 50.8 9.0 7.1 12.8 13.7 6.6 20.3 28.9 19.9 12.8 15.3 10.2 Spain 820 13.3 14.9 33.1 35.5 2.5 0.6 3.1 83.6 68.7 35.5 33.8 37.4 Sweden 884 4.7 10.3 29.3 54.7 0.7 0.3 1.0 94.3 84.0 54.7 57.4 52.3 Trinidad and Tobago 787 29.1 18.0 18.3 25.8 7.8 1.0 8.8 62.1 44.1 25.8 28.4 23.2 United States 1034 9.0 14.0 23.9 51.8 1.1 0.1 1.3 89.7 75.7 51.8 55.9 47.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ International Avg. 967 13.7 13.7 21.6 45.5 4.8 0.7 5.5 80.8 67.1 45.5 49.0 42.0 ---------------------------------------------------

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