CC GII THNG NOBEL V HA HC

TI LIU THAM KHOG.G. IGHNP - Lch s tm ra cc nguyn t ha hc NXB Thanh Nin Nobel prize.com

DN BIVi nt v gii Nobel106 nm gii Nobel ha hcDanh sch ca 106 nm Nobel ha hcGii thiu mt s cng trnh tiu biu

I. VI NT V GII NOBELSng lp ra gii thng Nobel l Alfred Nobel nh khoa hc ngi Thy in.ng sinh ngy 21/10/1833, mt ngy 10/12/1896.c mnh danh l ng vua thuc n v l mt trong nhng ngi giu nht th gii th k 19.Ni tri chy 5 th ting, ngoi ha hc ng cn ni ting trong nhiu lnh vc: vt l, vn hc...vi tng cng hn 355 bn quyn pht minh sng ch.

I. VI NT V GII NOBELKhi mt, Nobel li 1 bn di chc vit tay hin phn ln ti sn lm vn cho 1 qu gii thng ginh cho nhng ngi c nhng cng hin ln nht cho nhn loi.Gii thng ny gm cc lnh vc: vt l, ha hc, sinh hc hoc y hc, vn hc, ha bnh.

II. 106 NM GII NOBEL HA HCGii thng Nobel ha hc c vin hn lm khoa hc Thy in trao tng hng nm bt u t nm 1901.N c trao tng 106 ln cho 150 nh khoa hc.Trong c: 54 ngi M, 28 ngi c, 26 ngi Anh, cn l l cc nh khoa hc thuc cc nc: Php, Thy S, Canada, Nht, H Lan, Israel...C 8 nm khng c gii thng Nobel v ha hc: 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942.

II. 106 NM GII NOBEL HA HCNgi nhn gii u tin l: Jacobus Henricus Vant Hoff (1901).C 3 ph n nhn gii: -Marie Curie (1911)-Irene Joliot-Curie (1935)-Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin (1964)Marie Curie l ngi ph n duy nht v cng l ngi u tin c trao 2 gii Nobel.

II. 106 NM GII NOBEL HA HCFrederick Sanger l nh khoa hc duy nht nhn c gii thng Nobel ha hc 2 ln- 1958: lm sng t cu trc protein c bit l insulin.- 1980: Cng trnh nghin cu v nucleotit.Koichi Tanaka (2002) l nh khoa hc duy nht cho n nay nhn gii thng Nobel ha hc m ch c bng k s in.

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC 1901 - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (H Lan, 1852 1911)Khm ph cc nh lut v ng hc ha hc v p sut thm thu trong cc dung dch.1902 - Emil H. Fischer (c, 1852 - 1919)Tng hp nhiu ng t nhin t glixerin v tng hp cc purin1903 - Svante A. Arrhenius (Thy in, 1859 - 1927)Thuyt in ly ha hc1904 - Sir William Ramsay (Anh, 1852 - 1916)Khm ph pht hin kh tr1905 - Adolf von Baeyer (c, 1835 - 1917)Thuc nhum hu c v hirocacbon thm

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1906 - Henri Moissan (Php, 1852 - 1907)Nghin cu v tch nguyn t Flo1907 - Eduard Buchner (c, 1860 - 1917)Nghin cu sinh ha v pht hin ra s ln men khng c mt cc c th sng1908 - Sir Ernest Rutherford (Anh, 1871 - 1937)S phn r ca cc nguyn t v ha hc cc cht phng x1909 - Wilhelm Ostwald (c, 1853 - 1932)Xc tc, cn bng ha hc v tc cc phn ng1910 - Otto Wallach (c, 1847 - 1931)Cc hp cht Alicyclic

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1911 - Marie Curie (Php, Ba Lan, 1867 - 1934)Khm ph ra nguyn t Ra v Po1912 - Victor Grignard (Php, 1871 - 1935): Thuc th Grignard Paul Sabatier (Php, 1854 - 1941): Hiro ha vi cht xc tc gc Ni1913 - Alfred Werner (Thy S, 1866 - 1919) Lin kt cc nguyn t trong phn t v c (lin kt trong phc cht)1914 - Theodore W. Richards (M, 1868 - 1928)Xc nh khi lng nguyn t1915 - Richard Willsttter (c, 1872 1942Nghin cu v sc t thc vt, c bit l cht Chorophyll

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1918 - Fritz Haber (c, 1868 - 1934): Tng hp NH3 t N2 v H21919 - Khng trao gii1920 - Walther H. Nernst (c, 1864 - 1941): Nc v nhit ha hc1921 -Frederick Soddy (Anh, 1877 - 1956)Cht phng x v ngun gc, bn cht ca cc cht ng v1922 - Francis W. Aston (Anh, 1877 - 1945)Sng ch ra quang ph k v xc nh c cc ng v1923 - Fritz Pregl (o, 1869 - 1930):Phng php vi phn tch cc cht hu c1924 - Khng trao gii1925 - Richard A. Zsigmondy (c, o, 1865 - 1929): Ha keo

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1926 - Theodor Svedberg (Thy in, 1884 - 1971): H phn tn1927 - Heinrich O. Wieland (c, 1877 - 1957)Thnh phn axit trong gan v nhng dn xut ca chng1928 - Adolf Windaus (c, 1876 - 1959)Nc thnh phn sterol v s lin quan ca chng vi cc vitamin (vitamnin D)1929 - Hans von Euler-Chelpin (Thy in, c, 1873 - 1964) Arthur Harden (Anh, 1861 - 1940)Nghin cu s ln men ca ng v cc enzyme1930 - Hans Fischer (c, 1881 - 1945)Nghin cu thnh phn ca hematin, chlorophyl v tng hp hematin

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1931 - Friedrich Bergius (c, 1884 - 1949) Carl Bosch (c, 1874 - 1940)Sng to v pht trin cc phng php ha hc di p sut cao1932 - Irving Langmuir (M, 1881 - 1957): Ha hc cc b mt 1934 - Harold C. Urey (M, 1893 - 1981): Khm ph Deuterium1935 - Frdric Joliot (Php, 1900 - 1958) Irne Joliot-Curie (Php, 1897 - 1956)Tng hp cc nguyn t phng x mi1936 - Peter J. W. Debye (c, H Lan, 1884 - 1966)Nc momen lng cc, s khuch tn ca tia X v in t ca cc kh

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1937 - Sir Walter N. Haworth (Anh, 1883 - 1950)Nghin cu v nhng carbohydrate v vitamin CPaul Karrer (Thy S, 1889 - 1971)Nghin cu carotenoid, flavins, vitamins A v B21938 - Richard Kuhn (c, 1900 - 1967)Nghin cu v carotenoid v vitamins1939 - Adolf F. J. Butenandt (c, 1903 - 1995)Nghin cu v hormon gii tnhLeopold Ruzicka (Thy S, 1887 - 1976)Nghin cu v polymethylene v terpene bc cao

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1943 - George de Hevesy (Hungary, 1885 - 1966)S dng cc ng v lm nguyn t nh du trong vic nghin cu cc qu trnh ha hc1944 - Otto Hahn (c, 1879 - 1968)Khm ph ra hin tng phn r cc ht nhn nguyn t nng1945 - Artturi I. Virtanen (Phn Lan, 1895 - 1973)Nghin cu v ha hc nng nghip v ha hc dinh dng1946 - John H. Northrop (M, 1891 - 1987) Wendell M. Stanley (M, 1904 - 1971)iu ch cc enzym v virus proteins trng thi nguyn cht James B. Sumner (M, 1887 - 1955): Kt tinh cc enzyme

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1947 - Sir Robert Robinson (Anh, 1886 - 1975): Nc cc alkaloid1948 - Arne W. K. Tiselius (Thy in, 1902 - 1971)Nghin cu v s in ly v phn tch bng hp ph1949 - William F. Giauque (M, 1895 - 1982)ng gp trong lnh vc nhit ng ha hc, tnh cht ca cc cht nhit thp.1950 - Kurt Alder (c, 1902 - 1958) Otto P. H. Diels (c, 1876 - 1954): Tng hp diene1951 - Edwin M. McMillan (M, 1907) Glenn Th. Seaborg (M, 1912 - 1999): Khm ph cc nguyn t siu uranium

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1952 - Archer J. P. Martin (Anh, 1910) Richard L. M. Synge (Anh, 1914 - 1994)Pht minh s chp nh mu sc phn chia1953 - Hermann Staudinger (c, 1881 - 1965)Khm ph cc cht cao phn t1954 - Linus Carl Pauling (M, 1901 - 1994)Nghin cu v bn cht ca lin kt ha hc v p dng n vo vic xc nh cu trc ca cc phc cht1955 - Vincent du Vigneaud (M, 1901 - 1978)Tng hp u tin mt hormo polypeptid

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1956 - Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood (Anh, 1897 - 1967) Nikolai N. Semjonow (Lin X, 1896 - 1986)C ch cc phn ng ha hc1957 -Sir Alexander R. Todd (Anh, 1907): Nc v cc nucleotid1958 -Frederick Sanger (Anh, 1918)Cu trc protein, c bit l insulin1959 - Jaroslav Heyrovsk (Sc, 1890 - 1967)Phng php phn tch bng chp nh phn cc1960 - Willard F. Libby (M, 1908 - 1980)p dng C14 xc nh chnh xc ngy thng, nm trong kho c hc, a cht

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1961 - Melvin Calvin (M, 1911)Nghin cu s ng ha kh CO2 bi cy ci1962 -John Cowdery Kendrew (Anh, 1917) Max Ferdinand Perutz (Anh, o, 1914 - 2002)Nghin cu cu trc ca cc protein hnh cu1963 - Giulio Natta (, 1903 - 1979) Karl Ziegler (c, 1898 - 1973)Ha hc v k thut hc cc cao phn t1964 - Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin (Anh, 1910)Xc nh cu trc nhng cht sinh ha quan trng bng tia X

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1965 - Robert Burns Woodward (M, 1917 - 1979)Tng hp cc hp cht thin nhin1966 - Robert S. Mulliken (M, 1896 - 1986)Nghin cu v lin kt ha hc v cu trc in t ca cc phn t bng phng php cc orbital phn t1967 - Manfred Eigen (c, 1927) George Porter (Anh, 1920) Ronald G. W. Norrish (Anh, 1897 - 1978)Nghin cu cc phn ng cc nhanh1968 - Lars Onsager (M, Na Uy, 1903 - 1976)Nghin cu nhng phn ng nhit ng khng thun nghch

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1969 - Odd Hassel (Na Uy, 1897 - 1981) Derek H. Barton (Anh, 1918): Pht trin khi nim cu dng1970 - Luis F. Leloir (Argentina, 1906)Khm ph ra cc ng nucleotid v vai tr ca chng trong sinh tng hp cc carbohydrat1971 - Gerhard Herzberg (Canada, 1904 - 1999)Cu trc in t v hnh hc cc phn t v c bit cc gc t do1972 - Christian B. Anfinsen (M, 1916) Stanford Moore (M, 1913 - 1982) William H. Stein (M, 1911 - 1980)Nghin cu v cc ribonuclease

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1973 - Ernst Otto Fischer (c, 1918) Geoffrey Wilkinson (Anh, 1921 - 1996)Ha hc cc hp cht c kim mang tn hp cht bnh kp1974 - Paul J. Flory (M, 1910 - 1985)L thuyt v thc nghim trong ha l cc i phn t1975 - John W. Cornforth (Anh, 1917) Vladimir Prelog (Thy S, Nam T, 1906 - 1998)Ha hc lp th cc phn ng gia nhng emzym, v cc phn ng hu c1976 - William N. Lipscomb (M, 1919)Cu trc ca cc boran

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1977 - Ilya Prigogine (B, 1917)ng gp vo nhit ng hc cc h khng cn bng v l thuyt cc cu trc1978 - Peter D. Mitchell (Anh, 1920)S di chuyn nng lng trong sinh hc1979 -Georg Wittig (c, 1897 - 1987) Herbert C. Brown (M, 1912)Pht trin cc hp cht ca Bo v photpho trong tng hp hu c

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1980 - Paul Berg (M, 1926) Walter Gilbert (M, 1932) Frederick Sanger (Anh, 1918)Nghin cu cc qu trnh c bn v sinh ha v xc nh cc chui ca cc acid nucleic1981 - Kenichi Fukui (Nht Bn, 1918) Roald Hoffmann (M, 1937)L thuyt v tin trnh phn ng ha hc1982 - Aaron Klug (Anh, 1926)Pht trin phng php knh hin vi trong vic khm ph cc hp cht acid nucleic v protein

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1983 - Henry Taube (Canada, 1915)C ch phn ng ca s dch chuyn in t1984 - Robert Bruce Merrifield (M, 1921)Phng php tng hp ha hc peptid v protein1985 - Herbert A. Hauptman (M, 1917) Jerome Karle (M, 1918)Xc nh cu trc tinh th1986 - John C. Polanyi (Canada, 1929) Dudley R. Herschbach (M, 1932) Yuan Tseh Lee (M, 1936)ng hc cc qu trnh ha hc c bn

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1987 - Donald J. Cram (M, 1919 - 2001) Charles J. Pedersen (M, 1904 - 1989) Jean-Marie Lehn (Php, 1939)1988 - Johann Deisenhofer (c, 1943) Robert Huber (c, 1937) Hartmut Michel (c, 1948)Nghin cu cc qu trnh quang hc1989 - Sidney Altman (Canada, 1939) Thomas Robert Cech (M, 1947)Nghin cu v acid ribonucleic (RNA)

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1990 - Elias James Corey (M, 1928)M hnh ha hc cc qu trnh tng hp hu c1991 - Richard Robert Ernst (Thy S, 1933)Phng php cng hng t ht nhn (NMR)1992 - Rudolph A. Marcus (M, 1923)L thuyt phn ng chuyn in t trong cc h ha hc1993 - Kary Banks Mullis (M, 1944) Michael Smith (Canada, 1932)Nghin cu v ha sinh v di truyn1994 - George A. Olah (M, 1927)Cc phn ng v Carbocation

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1995 - Paul Crutzen (H Lan, 1933) Mario Molina (Mexico, 1943) Frank Sherwood Rowland (M, 1927)Nghin cu v s ph hy tng Ozon1996 - Robert F. Curl, Jr. (M, 1933) Sir Harold W. Kroto (Anh, 1939) Richard E. Smalley (M, 1943)Khm ph v fullerene1997 - Paul D. Boyer (M, 1918) John E. Walker (Anh, 1941) Jens C. Skou (an mch, 1918)

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC1998 - Walter Kohn (M, 1923) John A. Pople (Anh, M, 1925)Nghin cu phng php tnh ton trong ha hc lng t1999 - Ahmed H. Zewail (M, Ai Cp, 1946)Nghin cu trng thi chuyn tip ca phn ng ha hc2000 - Alan J. Heeger (M, 1936) Alan G. MacDiarmid (M, 1927) Hideki Shirakawa (Nht Bn, 1936): Khm ph ra polime dn in2001 - William S. Knowles (M, 1917) Ryoji Noyori (Nht Bn, 1938) K. Barry Sharpless (M, 1941): Nc cc phn ng xt c bit

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC2002 - John B. Fenn (M, 1917) Koichi Tanaka (Nht Bn, 1959) Kurt Wthrich (Thy S, 1938)Nghin cu ph 3 chiu, p dng xc nh cu trc i phn t2003 - Peter Agre (M) Roderick Mackinnon (M) Nghin cu v cc ng dn ca mng t bo con ng khng ch s chuyn ng ca cc phn t i qua mng t bo.2004 - Aaron Ciechanover (Israel) Avram Hershko (Israel) Irwin Rose (M): Nghin cu v chc nng ca t bo

DANH SCH CA 106 NM NOBEL HA HC2005 -Yves Chauvin (Php) Grubbs (M) Richard Schrock (M) Pht trin cc phn ng trao i m trong cc lin kt i gia cc nguyn t cacbon b ph v v hnh thnh do cc nhm nguyn t thay i v tr ca nhau nh nhng cht xc tc c bit.2006 -Roger D. Kornberg (M)Cng trnh nghin cu v cch thc t bo ly thng tin t gene to ra protein.

GII THIU MT S CNG TRNH TIU BIU1903 - Svante A. Arrhenius (Thy in, 1859 - 1927)Thuyt in ly ha hc1960 - Willard F. Libby (M, 1908 - 1980)p dng C14 xc nh chnh xc ngy thng, nm trong kho c hc, a cht1996 - Robert F. Curl, Jr. (M, 1933) Sir Harold W. Kroto (Anh, 1939) Richard E. Smalley (M, 1943)Khm ph v fullerene

1903 - THUYT IN LY HA HCMt s lun im c bn ca thuyt in ly: Cc cht in ly trong dd gm nhng phn t b phn ly tng phn to thnh cc ion. S lng cc phn t b phn ly tng ln khi pha long dd.Cc ion to thnh c c tnh vt l v ha hc ca dung dch cht in phn.Cc phn t trong dung dch v cng long ch tn ti di dng ion. Cc hp cht trong dung dch cng c hot tnh cao th cng phn ly nhiu thnh ion.Svante A. Arrhenius (Thy in, 1859 - 1927)

1960 P DNG C14 XC NH CHNH XC NGY THNG, NM TRONG KHO C HC, A CHT...Willard F. Libby (M, 1908 - 1980)

1996 - Khm ph v fullereneRobert F. Curl, Jr (M)Sir Harold W. Kroto (Anh)Richard E. Smalley (M)