一站式检测认证、验货与咨询 · 2016-05-06 · an automotive testing, inspection,...

1/10/16 ATIC (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. 1

An Automotive Testing, Inspection, Certification Company一站式检测、认证、验货与咨询

ATIC (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.广州泰测车辆技术服务有限公司

Measurement of lighting and light-signalling devices

Aaron Qi (6st Oct. 2012)

Creation date: October 2012



Photometry and Colorimetry


Photometry and ColorimetryRadiometry• In optics, radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light.

Radiometric techniques characterize the distribution of the radiation's power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. Radiometry is distinct from quantum techniques such as photon counting. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometry)

Quantity Symbol[nb 1] SI unit Symbol Dimension NotesRadiant energy Qe[nb 2] joule J M⋅L2⋅T−2 energy

Radiant flux Φe[nb 2] watt W M⋅L2⋅T−3 radiant energy per unit time, also called radiant power.

Spectral power Φeλ[nb 2][nb 3] watt per metre W⋅m−1 M⋅L⋅T−3 radiant power per wavelength.

Radiant intensity Ie watt per steradian W⋅sr−1 M⋅L2⋅T−3 power per unit solid angle.

Spectral intensity Ieλ[nb 3] watt per steradian per metre W⋅sr−1⋅m−1 M⋅L⋅T−3 radiant intensity per wavelength.

Radiance Lewatt per steradian per square metre W⋅sr−1⋅m−2 M⋅T−3 power per unit solid angle per unit projected source area.

confusingly called "intensity" in some other fields of study.

SI radiometry units


Photometry • Photometry is the science of the measurement of light, in terms of its perceived brightness to

the human eye. It is distinct from radiometry, which is the science of measurement of radiant energy (including light) in terms of absolute power; rather, in photometry, the radiant power at each wavelength is weighted by a luminosity function (a.k.a. visual sensitivity function) that models human brightness sensitivity. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometry_(optics))

Quantity Symbol[nb 1] SI unit Symbol Dimension NotesLuminous energy Qv [nb 2] lumen second lm⋅s T⋅J [nb 3] units are sometimes called talbots

Luminous flux Φv [nb 2] lumen (= cd⋅sr) lm J also called luminous power

Luminous intensity Iv candela (= lm/sr) cd J an SI base unit, luminous flux per unit solid angle

Luminance Lv candela per square metre cd/m2 L−2⋅J units are sometimes called nits

Illuminance Ev lux (= lm/m2) lx L−2⋅J used for light incident on a surface

Luminous emittance Mv lux (= lm/m2) lx L−2⋅J used for light emitted from a surfaceLuminous exposure Hv lux second lx⋅s L−2⋅T⋅JLuminous energy density ωv lumen second per metre3 lm⋅s⋅m−3 L−3⋅T⋅J

Luminous efficacy η [nb 2] lumen per watt lm/W M−1⋅L−2⋅T3⋅J ratio of luminous flux to radiant flux

Luminous efficiency V 1 also called luminous coefficient

See also: SI · Photometry · Radiometry · (Compare)

SI photometry units



Colorimetry• Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the

human color perception.“ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorimetry)• CIE 1931 color space In the study of color perception, one of the first mathematically defined

color spaces is the CIE 1931 XYZ color space, created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931.



2 different measurement methods:• Integrated Sensor

Photometer Heads Colorimeter Heads Radiometer Heads

Cosine Corrector

Filters

Photosensitive Components



2 different measurement methods:• Spectroradiometer

Ie(λ) Iv(λ) x, y, z



Photometry measurment for Automotive Lighting - Goniophotometer


Colorimetry measurment for Automotive LightingColorimeter Sensor & Spectrometer



Regulations


Regulations

Passing / Driving BeamECE R112ECE R98ECE R123

Front Direction Indicator /Hazard Warning SignalECE R6

Front Fog LampECE R19

Boot Lamp

Rear Position LampECE R7

Rear Fog LampECE R38

Rear registration plate lampECE R4

Reversing LampECE R23

Stop LampECE R7

Rear DirectionIndicator / Hazard Warning SignalECE R6

Reading Lamp

Stop Lamp S3ECE R7

Front Position LampECE R7

Side Direction IndicatorECE R6

Dashboard Ligting

Retro-ReflectorECE R3

Advanced-Warning TrianglesECE R27

Conspicuity markingsECE R104

Special Warning LampsECE R65

Storage box lamp


Regulations

Passing / Driving Beam

ECE R112

ECE R113

Front Direction Indicator /Hazard Warning SignalECE R50

Rear registration plate lampECE R50

Rear Direction Indicator /Hazard Warning SignalECE R50

Stop LampECE R50

Dashboard Ligting

Retro-ReflectorECE R3



Typical RegulationsECE Regulation No. 112 Headlamp (Representative for Headlamps, Front Fog Lamps)ECE Regulation No. 3 Retor-reflector (Representative for reflect-signalling devices)ECE Regulation No. 6 Direction indicator (Representative for light-‐signallingdevices)


Regulation No. 112

Regulation No. 112 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both and equipped with filament lamps and/or light-emitting diode (LED) modules

Scope: This Regulation applies to headlamps for vehicles of Categories L, M, N and T (0.)


Test Samples

• Two samples of each type of headlamp with fixtures (if applicable) and other accessories (e.g.: control gear, ballast, etc. if applicable) (2.2.3)

• Fourteen lenses and one reflector to which the lenses can be fitted (2.2.4)

• Test report of the characteristics of lenses materials and coatings if they have already been tested (2.3)

(Detailed Information Document and Samples requirements please refer to Chapter 2 APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF A HEADLAMP of the regulation)

Regulation No. 112


Test Items

• General specifications (5.)

• Illumination (Photometry measurement) (6.)

• Colour (Colorimetry measurement ) (7.)

• Tests for stability of photometric performance of headlamps in operation (5.5 and Annex 4)

• Requirements for lamps incorporating lenses of plastic material – testing of lens or material samples and of complete lamps (5.6. and Annex 6)

• Requirement for LED modules and headlamps including LED modules (5.3.2. and Annex 10)

Regulation No. 112


General specifications • Headlamps shall be so made as to retain their prescribed photometric characteristics

and to remain in good working order when in normal use, in spite of the vibrations to which they may be subjected. (5.2.)

• Filament lamp(s) (5.3.1.)• Filament lamp(s) approved according to Regulation No. 37 (5.3.1.)

• The design of the device shall be such that the filament lamp can be fixed in no other position but the correct one. (even in darkness) (5.3.1.1.)

• The filament lamp holder shall conform to the characteristics given in IEC Publication 60061 (5.3.1.2.)

• and/or LED module(s) (5.3.2.)• LED module(s) themselves shall comply with the relevant requirements specified in

Annex 10 of this Regulation (5.3.2.2. and Annex 10)

• Total objective luminous flux of all LED modules producing the principal passing beam shall be equal or greater than 1,000 lumens. (5.3.2.3 and Annex 10)

Regulation No. 112General specifications


General specifications • Visual inspection or test for settings of headlamps designed to satisfy the

requirements both of right-hand and of left-hand traffic where applicable (5.4.)

• On headlamps designed to provide alternately a driving beam and a passing beam, or a passing beam and/or a driving beam designed to become bend lighting, any mechanical, electromechanical or other device incorporated in the headlamp for these purposes shall checked according to 5.7 of the regulation (endurance test, failure test and function check) (5.7)

• Illumination configuration for different traffic conditions• Appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent discomfort to road-users in a

country where traffic moves on the side of the road opposite to that of the country for which the headlamp was designed. (5.8.1.)

• Luminous intensity shall be met (5.8.2.)

Regulation No. 112General specifications


Illumination• General

• Adequate illumination without dazzle, good illumination (6.1.1.)• Measured at 25 m distance, photoelectric cell 65 mm , Point HV, Line h

(6.1.2.)• Using uncolored standard filament lamp designed for a rated voltage of

12 V (6.1.3.)• LED module(s) shall be measured at 6.3 V, 13.2 V or 28.0 V respectively

(as specified by the applicant if control gear is using) (6.1.4.)

Regulation No. 112Illumination


Illumination• Provisions Concerning Passing Beams

• “Cut-off“ check (6.2.1.)• Aiming and adjustment (6.2.2.)

• one per cent (0.57 deg.) below the H-H Line (6.2.2.1)

• "elbow" is basically located within +/- 0.5 deg. to the left or right of the V-V Line (6.2.2.2.)




• luminous intensities measurement (6.2.4.)




• There shall be no lateral variations detrimental to good visibility in any of the Zones I, II, III and IV. (6.2.5.)

• Headlamps designed to meet the requirements of both right-hand and left-hand traffic must, in each of the two setting positions meet the requirements (6.2.6.)

• Illumination specifications apply to headlamps designed to provide bend lighting and/or that include the additional light source or LED module(s) (6.2.7.)

• Only one filament light source or one or more LED module(s) are permitted for the principal passing beam. Additional light sources or LED module(s) are permitted only as specified in 6.2.8. (see Annex 10) (6.2.8.)



Illumination• Provisions Concerning Driving Beam

• Aiming and adjustment (6.3.1.)

• With the same headlamp alignment as Passing Beam

• Maximum luminous intensity is centered on Point HV

• Luminous intensity distribution

• HV shall be situated within the isolux 80% of IM (6.3.3.1.)

• IM shall in no circumstances exceed 215 000 cd (6.3.3.2.)

• Reference mark (I’M) of the maximum luminous intensity shall be obtained by the ratio I'M = IM/4 300 (This value shall be rounded off to the value 7.5 - 10 - 12.5 - 17.5 - 20 - 25 - 27.5 - 30 - 37.5 - 40 - 45 - 50.) (6.3.4.)



Illumination• Headlamps with adjustable reflector the requirements of Paragraphs

(6.2.) and (6.3.) are applicable for each mounting position indicated according to Paragraph (2.1.3.) (6.4.)• Additional tests are made after the reflector has been moved

vertically ± 2 deg. or at least into the maximum position, if less than 2 deg., from its initial position by means of the headlamps adjusting device. (6.4.3.)• Passing beam: Points HV and 75 R (75 L respectively)• Driving beam: IM and Point HV (percentage of IM)

• If the applicant has not asked for special mounting positions (6.4.5.)• Mean position• Extreme positions



Colour• The colour of the light emitted shall be white. (7.1.)

Regulation No. 112Colour


Stability (Annex 4)

• Clean Headlamp (A4. 1.1.)

• The headlamp shall be operated for 12 hours (A4. 1.1.)• Visual Inspection – no distortion, deformation, cracking or change in

colour (A4. 1.1.2.1.)

• Photometric Test - 10% discrepancy (A4. 1.1.2.2.)

• Dirty Headlamp (A4. 1.2.)

• Dirty Headlamp shall be operated for 1 hour (A4. 1.2.)• Visual Inspection – no distortion, deformation, cracking or change in

colour (A4. 1.1.2.1.)

• Photometric Test - 10% discrepancy (A4. 1.1.2.2.)

• Change in vertical position of the cut-off line (A4. 2.)• ∆rI = │ r3 - r60 │ ≤ 1.0 mrad (A4. 2.2.1.)

• If 1.0 mrad < ∆rI ≤ 1.5 mrad, a second headlamp shall be tested, after being subjected three consecutive times to the cycle as described be considered as acceptable if (∆rI + ∆rII)/2 ≤ 1.0 mrad (A4. 2.2.2.)

Regulation No. 112Stability


Plastic material (Annex 6)

Regulation No. 112Plastic material


Regulation No. 112LED modules

LED modules (Annex 10)

• Colour Rendering (A10. 4.1.)

• UV-radiation (A10. 4.2.)

• Temperature Stability (A10. 4.3.)

• Objective luminous flux (A10. 5.)


Regulation No. 3 Regulation No. 3 UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF RETRO-REFLECTING DEVICES FOR POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES AND THEIR TRAILERS

Scope: This Regulation applies to retro-reflecting devices used on road vehicles. (1.)Samples: 10 samples, and 2 samples for other colors (3.1.)Important definition: "Coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL)” (2.10.)Tests: (Annex 12)


Regulation No. 6 Regulation No. 6 UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF DIRECTION INDICATORS FOR POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES AND THEIR TRAILERS

Scope: This Regulation applies to direction indicators for vehicles of Categories L, M, N, O, and T (0.)Samples: 2 samples, and 2 samples for 1 light source failure test (if applicable) (2.2.5)Important definition: Categories of direction-indicator lamps: 1, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Annex 1 or ECE R48, 6.5.3.)Tests: General specifications (5.), intensity of light emitted (6.), colour of light emitted (8)


联系我们

Kind regards / 诚挚问候Aaron / 齐晓东

ATIC (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.Address: 4th floor, A8 building, Headquarters Economic Zone, Science Town,Guangzhou, P.R. China

广州泰测车辆技术服务有限公司地址：中国广州科学城总部经济区A8栋4楼

Mail: [email protected].: +86 13430355033


一站式检测 认证、验货与咨询 · 2016-05-06 · an automotive testing, inspection,...

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一站式检测认证、验货与咨询 · 2016-05-06 · an automotive testing, inspection,...