c3. curs adenoame hipofizare si hipopituitarism studenti
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medicinaTRANSCRIPT
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TUMORILE HIPOFIZARE SI HIPOPITUITARISMULDr. Galoiu Simona
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CUPRINS Tumori hipofizareAcromegaliaProlactinomulBoala CushingTireotropinoameGonadotropinomulIncidentalomul hipofizarHipopituitarismul
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Lechan RM., Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics 16:475-501, 1987 ANATOMIA HIPOFIZEI
- TUMORI HIPOFIZARE -DEFINITIEtumori in majoritatea cazurilor benigne (adenoame) (
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EPIDEMIOLOGIE15% din tumorile intracranienePrevalenta: 80/100000Autopsii - - microadenoameImagistic: 10% din pac. fara simptomatologie clinica
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ETIOLOGIETumori benigne: adenoame hipofizare craniofaringioame meningioameHiperplazie hipofizara lactotrofe (sarcina) tireotrofe, gonadotrofe somatotrofe (GHRH ectopicH)Tumori maligne primitive germinoame (pineloame ectopice), sarcoame, cordoame, carcinoame hipofizare) -secundare carcinom pulmoar, de sanChisturi: punga lui Rathke, arahnoide, dermoideAbceseHipofizita limfocitaraFistule arteriovenoase ale carotidei
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CLASIFICAREmicroadenoame (< 1 cm)macroadenoame (> 1 cm)
Clasificarea Hardy modificata
0 - microadenom; sa turca normala I - microadenom intrahipofizar; invazia focala a peretelui sellar II - macroadenom intrasellar; sa turca difuz largita, fara invazie III - macroadenom; invazie sellara i/sau destructie localizata IV - macroadenom; invazie i/sau destructie sellara difuza
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CLASIFICARESecretante GH (15 %)acromegalie / gigantismPRL (30 %)amenoree - galactoreeACTH (10 %)boala CushingTSH (0,9 %)tireotoxicozaClinic nefunctionalebFSH, bLH, a / GH, PRL, TSH (mute clinic)(30%)null cell adenoma
monohormonaleplurihormonale ex.GH-PRL (mammosomatotrofe)GH, PRL, TSH, a
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PROPORTIA DIFERITELOR TIPURI SECRETORII
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Hipofiza hipopituitarismChiasma optica pierderea perceptiei culorii rosii, hemianopsie bitemporala, cvadranopsie temporosuperioara, scotoame, cecitateHipotalamus - tulb. de termoreglare, de apetit, obezitate, ale setei, diabet insipid, ritm somn-veghe, tulb. de comport. , tulb. vegetativeSinus cavernos diplopie, oftalmoplegie, tulb de sensib. facialaLob frontal - tulb. de personalitate, anosmieCerebral cefalee, hidrocefalee, psihoza, dementa, crize gelasticeCLINICA TUMORILOR HIPOFIZARE EFECTUL DE COMPRESIE
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SINDROMUL DE CHIASMA OPTICA
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PARACLINICHipersecretia tumoralaGH in OGTT PRLCortizol dupa inhibitie cu DXMfT4, TSHestradiol /testosteron, FSH, LH
HipopituitarismTeste bazale: cortizol, fT4, estradiol /testosteron, FSH, LHTeste in dinamica stimulare GH ITT, Arg -cortizol - ITT
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IMAGISTIC - RMN
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IMAGISTIC - CTCG 24 years
Macro PRMSSEPRL=3,100 ng/ml
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NFABors Ion, M, 37 ani, SCHO, NFA IV SSE
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LH - ICC FSH ICC ANATOMIE PATOLOGICA - IMUNOHISTOCHIMIE
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DIAGNOSTIC POZITIVClinicaImagisticHormonii hipofizari nesupresibili (teste de inhibiie)Hormonii hipofizari deficitari (teste de stimulare)Complicaii: (oftalmologice, metabolice)
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DIAGNOSTIC DIFERENTIALRx- sindromul de sa turca goala-malformatii arteriovenoase (anevrism carotidian), - chisturi arahnoidiene sau dermoide- tumori (craniofaringiom/ meningiom / gliom nerv optic/ germinom / metastaze)- incidentaloame hipofizare- infiltrat hipofizar hipofizite, sarcoidozaAl sindroamelor clinice specifice hipersecreiilor hormonale adenohipofizare (ex: galactoreea, acromegaloidia, melanodermia, hipercortizolismul, tireotoxicoza) Al insuficienei secreiei hipofizare se face cu insuficienele glandulare primare
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Sindromul de sa turceasca gola
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ETIOPATOGENIEHeaney & Melmed, Endocrine related cancer, 7, 2000
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ETIOLOGIEtumori monoclonalemutatii genetice -activarea unor oncogene -inactivarea unor supresori tumorali
Sd. MEN1 mutatia menineiHPTHTumora enteropancreatica - insulinom, gastrinomCarcinoid bronsic, intestinalAngiofibroame cutanate
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TRATAMENTObiective: distrugerea celulelor tumorale cu blocarea secreiei tumorale si prezervarea hipofizei normale.Metode:chirurgia hipofizeiradioterapiachimioterapiacombinat
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TRATAMENTUL CHIRURGICALTipuri transfenoidala /transfrontalaIndicatiiContraindicatiiEficientaEfecte adverse
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TRATAMENTUL CHIRURGICALIndicatii:Acuitatii vizualeCresterea tumoriiAdenoame functionale, cu exceptia PRMTranscranial tumori mari, asimetriceTransfenoidal -endoscopic -RMN intraoperator -microchirurgie -neuronavigatieM. Buchfelder, S. Schlaffer / Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 23 (2009) 677692
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RADIOTERAPIAnormovoltat (raze X cu energii de keV) convenional supravoltat (accelerator liniar, betatron, cobaltron cu energii de ordinul MeV)radiochirurgia (Gamma Knife) in care 200 surse independente de cobalt incluse intr-o casc sunt focalizate selectiv in funcie de volumul tumorii. interstiial: Au198, Ytriu90 risc de nevrit optic;
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RADIOTERAPIA HIPOFIZARARadioterapia fractionata conventionala 50 GyRadioterapia fractionata stereotactica 20 GyRadiochirurgia Gamma knife 10-15 Gy
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ACROMEGALIA -DEFINITIEBoal determinat de hipersecreia de GH, ce duce la creterea accentuat a scheletului i viscerelor. determinata in peste 95% din cazuri de un adenom hipofizar, rareori fiind o secreie paraneoplazica de GHRH (tumori pancreatice).
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ACROMEGALIA DATE EPIDEMIOLOGICEIncidena: 3-4 cazuri/ 1 000 000 /anPrevalena: 69 / 1 000 000Rata mortalitii: 2-3 X populaia general 1.16Kauppinen-Makelin et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, July 2005, 90(7):40814086
Cauza de decesn=56 (66+12 ani)Frecvena % (n) n acromegalieFrecvena % n populaia generalBoala coronariana23.2 (15)25.6Boli cerebrovasculare14.3 (8)10Alte boli cardiovasculare16.1 (9)7.2Neoplasme21.4 (12)21.3Tumori hipofizare5.4 (3)Accidente8.9 (5)8.4Altele10.7 (6)27.5
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CLINICSemne determinate de excesul de GH:
mrirea minilor i picioarelor modificarea fizionomiei tegumente groase, mate, umede, cu miros particular; visceromegalie: cardiomegalie, cu agravarea prognosticului;respirator: modificri ale vocii, obstrucie nalt de tract respirator i apnee de somn;cardiovascular: cardiomegalie, HTA secundara macrogenitosomie.
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Semne comune cu alte tumori hipofizare, determinate de compresie (sindrom neurologic): sindrom neurooftalmic cefaleesemne clinice de insuficien hipofizaraCLINIC
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CLINIC
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PARACLINICProbe uzualeGH minim in OGTT > 1 ng/mlIGF-1 crescut pentru varsta si sexPRLCortizol, fT4, estradiol/testosteron, FSH, LH
Ex. oftalmologic: CV, AV, FO
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ACROMEGALIA CRITERII DE DIAGNOSTIC SI EFICIENTA A TRATAMENTULUIIncidenta: 5/1000000, prevalenta: 60/1000000.
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IMAGISTIC
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DIAGNOSTIC DIFERENTIAL1. creterea nontumoral a GH seric: insuficien hepatic / renal, malnutriia, diabet zaharat dezechilibrat, efortul fizic.2. alte cauze de mrire a minilor: munca manual, obezitatea, amiloidoz primar, hipotiroidismul, osteoartropatia pneumic Pierre Marie 3. acromegaloidie4. Sarcina -HPL.
- ETIOPATOGENIE1. hipofizar i. tumori hipofizare secretante de GH (90% din cazuri); ii. carcinom de celule somatotrofe (foarte rar).iii. hiperplazie de celule somatotrofe prin hipersecreie de GHRH 2. extrahipofizar: i. adenom hipofizar ectopic (
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FIZIOPATOLOGIEEfecte dependente de IGF-IEfecte independente de IGF-I
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TRATAMENTChirurgical de prima intentieMedicamentosAnalogi de somatostatin octreotid sc, 3X50 ug/zi -sandostatin LAR -lanreotid PR, autogelAgonisti dopaminergici bromocriptina, cabergolinaAntagonisti de receptori de GH -pegvisomantRadioterapia supravoltata/ gamma knife
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ACROMEGALIA -TRATAMENT Chanson et al. / Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 23 (2009)
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CHIMIOTERAPIAAgonisti dopaminergici bromocriptina - cabergolinaAnalogi de somatostatin octreotid-lanreotidAntagonisti de receptori de GH -pegvisomant
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EVOLUTIE, COMPLICATIICardiovasculare cardiomiopatia, HTA secundara, aritmii, valvulopatii, insuficienta cardiacaRespiratorii sindrom de apnee in somnMetabolice DZ secundarDigestive polipi coloniciArticulare artropatia acromegalicaHipopituitarismSindrom de chiasma opticaComplicatiile tratamentului
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SUPRAVIETUIREA PACIENTILOR ROMANI CU ACROMEGALIE IN FUNCTIE DE GHp=0.005 (log rank test)SMR=0.34 (0.09-0.88)SMR=1.3 (0.7-2.1)
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PROLACTINOMULTumora hipofizara secretanta de PRLcea mai frecventa tumora hipofizaraClinic: oligomenoree amenoreegalactoreeinfertilitateTDSinfertilitatesemne date de tumora SCHO, cefalee, hipopituitarism
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PARACLINICPRL >100 ng/ml >200 ng/mlTeste de insuficienta hipofizaraEx. oftalmologicImagistic
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DIAGNOSTIC DIFERENTIAL ALTE CAUZE DE HIPERPROLACTINEMIEfiziologice - sarcina, alaptatul - stimularea peretelui toracic, stress, somnmedicamentoase: i. blocani ai receptorilor dopaminergici: haloperidol, fenotiazine (clorpromazin), domperidone, metoclopramid; antidepresive triciclice.ii. rezerpin, metildopa (fac depleie central de dopamin);iii. estrogeniiiv.TRH, cimetidin, verapamil, opioide.leziuni hipotalamice sau ale tijei hipofizare-tumori, infiltrate- seciunea sau compresia tijei, traumatism, chirurgicalalte tumori hipofizare, cu secreie mixt, de PRL i GH / ACTH;hipotiroidism primar (secreie reactiva de TRH);insuficiena renal cronic, insuficien hepatic
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PROLACTINOMUL (PRM) -DIAGNOSTICPRL > 500 ng/mlmacroprolactinomPRL > 250ng/mlPRMPRL > 200 ng/mlPRM / medicamente / sarcina PRM < 200 ng/ml PRM/alte cauze
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ETIOLOGIA HIPERPROLACTINEMIEIMacroprolactinemia: Big-big + big > 50% Frequency: 19% (16/84)1628178638
c PRL elecsys-irma
29.8437584.1187520.779572300768.8421694288
45.70883.05243.945642861765.9870124513
11.261111111122.32777777782.31011557878.2359188605
IRMA
Elecsys
PRL (ng/ml)
c HPRL causes
Sheet1
NNomPrenomN dossierSexeDate de naissanceAgeGPPRAdnomeIHCOPpriode de OPcause de hyperprolactinemiecause de simptomsATCD pers.ATCD familieux thyroideATCD familieux autresLatence diagnostiqueCirconstance du diagnostiquecdcyclecdgalcdinfertcdautrescyclesgalactorrheinfertilitbaisse libidoautres signes cliniquesIRM hypTDM hypPRL initialedatePRL TimonedatePRL Martindaterponse au TRHrponse au MCPbigbigbigmonomerFSHrponse au LHRHLHrponse au LHRHTSHATPOAc anti TGautres Acevolutiontraitementpriode de traitementgrosseses sous traitementPRL TimonePRL directePRL traitex2,3% macroprolactine
7Verdier/GuillaumeMarie Jose2021047020.06.19564611ndnd0macroprolactinemiephase luteale courtegoitre multinodulaire0nd0.750,1,3=mastodynies110100strilet au progestndmastodynies41351.09.200181.06.200222.506.20021066.2924.85.6116.111.600nd2Dostinex11/2001-05/2002087.12.35.325.5
10MuselliDominique202187705.09.196042221100macroprolactinemiendmnometrorrhagies sous strilet, papillom mamaire oper-19980HTA, D1, D2, mre avec mnopause precoce38 ans16.000.1110002ndndcephales, obesit androide0101.08.2002101.08.2002203.708.20021146.111.642.33.814.902.1ndndnd0Parlodel1997-200201067.233.273.0-8.7
3Faure/IsouardMichle2012645031.10.1962405214nd0macroprolactinemiemnopausens0tante=mnopause 42 ans0.670, 3=bouffes de chaleur10002MP0ndndbouffes de chaleur4331.02.200110.51.12.200119.712.20011132.119.848.1120nd58nd1ndndndndsans10.58.23.58.11.8
16Gratereau/CorneauAnnie Claude2020572024.02.195250441300macroprolactinemiesndHTA, Luthenyl il y a 2 ans0PR0100030ndndcephales3511.10.2000151.03.200231.71159.77.133.24.3nd5.75.71.6ndndnd2sans1512.73.58.136.6
15Bataille/MyardFrancoise2020702016.04.1951512213011982-2001macroprolactinemiemnopausensndnd0.170, 3=cephales10012MP0ndndcephales614.51.06.2001161.05.200255.904.20021159.314.526.2105nd68nd0.8ndndndndsans1618.15.813.326.3
6BleicherAude2020415011.01.197527001301en 1988 Diane 35 pour acnmacroprolactinemiehyperandrogenieamnorrhe rsposive aux progestatifs en 19970D2, HTA, IR0.25010002 MP0ndndhirsutisme, acn peribucale0421997191.02.20024402.20021166.118.115.85.7nd8.2nd1.2ndndnd0sans1914.34.710.824.4
12ContatSylvie202213308.07.19614122nd01Androcur, Diane 35; arret 3 mois avant 09.2002macroprolactinemiendfibrom uterin0nd15.001010000ndnd0adnome hypophysaire en 1987211.09.2002211.09.200260.609.20020174.51312.5ndndndnd0.7ndndndndParlodel1987-199211 grossesse aprs Parlodel2118.23.88.752.0
2JudiconeAnnie202057503.10.19544822170124 ansmacroprolactinemiendhisterectomie totale pour endometriose avec preservation des ovaires, depression traite avec Floxybral, Tranxne, Seropram, anomalie genetique du FV1D20.173=asthenie, cephales000140ndndcephales frontales et occipitales3631.02.20022304.200233.803.20021155.318.825.98.9nd58.1nd3.2ndndTRAB26 en 2001
sous Dostinex
primaire
regle sousLuthenyl?
sous Parlodel
TSH=37 en ce moment
fT3=8,3, fT4=13,1
sous Duphaston
Sheet2
NNomSexeAgeGPPRAdnomeIHCOPpriode de OPcause de hyperprolactinemiecause de simptomsATCD pers.ATCD familieux thyroideATCD familieux autresLatence diagnostiqueCirconstance du diagnostiquecdcyclecdgalcdinfertcdautrescyclesgalactorrheinfertilitbaisse libidoautres signes cliniquesIRM hypTDM hypPRL initialedatePRL TimonedatePRL Martindaterponse au TRHrponse au MCPbigbigbigmonomerFSHrponse au LHRHLHrponse au LHRHTSHATPOAc anti TGautres Acevolutiontraitementpriode de traitementgrosseses sous traitementPRL TimonePRL directePRL traitex2,3% macroprolactine
7Verdier/Guillaume04611ndnd0macroprolactinemiephase luteale courtegoitre multinodulaire0nd0.750,1,3=mastodynies110100strilet au progestndmastodynies41351.09.200181.06.200222.506.20021066.2924.85.6116.111.600nd2Dostinex11/2001-05/2002087.12.35.325.5
10Muselli042221100macroprolactinemiendmnometrorrhagies sous strilet, papillom mamaire oper-19980HTA, D1, D2, mre avec mnopause precoce38 ans16.000.1110002ndndcephales, obesit androide0101.08.2002101.08.2002203.708.20021146.111.642.33.814.902.1ndndnd0Parlodel1997-200201067.233.273.0-8.7
3Faure/Isouard0405214nd0macroprolactinemiemnopausens0tante=mnopause 42 ans0.670, 3=bouffes de chaleur10002MP0ndndbouffes de chaleur4331.02.200110.51.12.200119.712.20011132.119.848.1120nd58nd1ndndndndsans10.58.23.58.11.8
16Gratereau/Corneau050441300macroprolactinemiesndHTA, Luthenyl il y a 2 ans0PR0100030ndndcephales3511.10.2000151.03.200231.71159.77.133.24.3nd5.75.71.6ndndnd2sans1512.73.58.136.6
15Bataille/Myard0512213011982-2001macroprolactinemiemnopausensndnd0.170, 3=cephales10012MP0ndndcephales614.51.06.2001161.05.200255.904.20021159.314.526.2105nd68nd0.8ndndndndsans1618.15.813.326.3
6Bleicher027001301en 1988 Diane 35 pour acnmacroprolactinemiehyperandrogenieamnorrhe rsposive aux progestatifs en 19970D2, HTA, IR0.25010002 MP0ndndhirsutisme, acn peribucale0421997191.02.20024402.20021166.118.115.85.7nd8.2nd1.2ndndnd0sans1914.34.710.824.4
12Contat04122nd01Androcur, Diane 35; arret 3 mois avant 09.2002macroprolactinemiendfibrom uterin0nd15.001010000ndnd0adnome hypophysaire en 1987211.09.2002211.09.200260.609.20020174.51312.5ndndndnd0.7ndndndndParlodel1987-199211 grossesse aprs Parlodel2118.23.88.752.0
2Judicone04822170124 ansmacroprolactinemiendhisterectomie totale pour endometriose avec preservation des ovaires, depression traite avec Floxybral, Tranxne, Seropram, anomalie genetique du FV1D20.173=asthenie, cephales000140ndndcephales frontales et occipitales3631.02.20022304.200233.803.20021155.318.825.98.9nd58.1nd3.2ndndTRAB
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FIZIOPATOLOGIE
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TRATAMENTMedicamentos!Agonisti dopaminergici bromocriptina 5-30 mg/zi - cabergolina 0,5-2 mg/saptEfect antisecretor si citonecroticChirurgicalRadioterapia
Sarcina
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PRLDiam. tumoral 1 cm, cu SCHO> 1 cm, fara SCHO2 anitemozolomidTRATAMENTUL HIPERPROLACTINEMIEIGhidul Endocrine Society, 2011COCPRM maligne
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BOALA CUSHINGDefiniie: hipersecreie relativ autonoma de ACTH de ctre un adenom hipofizar. De regul un microadenom, care secret ACTH i uneori peptide derivate din POMC, determinnd hiperplazie corticosuprarenal bilateral cu hipersecreie de cortizol.
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CLINICVergeturi rosii-violaceePiele subtire, fragilitate capilaraScaderea fortei musculaturii proximale
Obezitate centralaHipertensiune arteriala secundaraIntoleranta la glucoza/diabet zaharat sceundarOsteoporozaAlterare afect (depresie), cognitie, somn
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PARACLINIC Cortizol pl. ora 8, ora 24, CLU, 17 OHCS crescutiDXM 1mg overnightDXM 2mg x 2DXM 8 mg x 2ACTH crescutTeste uzualeTest la CRHCateterizare sinus pietros inferior
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GHIDUL ENDOCRINE SOCIETY (2008) DE DIAGNOSTIC AL SINDROMULUI CUSHING80%Boala Cushing
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X. Bertagna et al. / Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 23 (2009)
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TRATAMENTHipofizectomie selectivaSuprarenalectomie bilateralaComplicatii: sindrom NelsonIradiere hipofizara supravoltataMedicatie adjuvanta ketoconazol, aminoglutetimid, mitotan
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TRATAMENTUL BOLII CUSHINGX. Bertagna et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, April 2013, 98(4)
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COMPLICATIISindromul NelsonInsuficienta corticosuprarenalarecidiva
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Feelders, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2013
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Barber T M et al. Eur J Endocrinol 2010;163:495-507 2010 European Society of EndocrinologySindrom Nelson
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CONCLUZIITumorile hipofizare sunt tumori intracraniene cu frecventa crescuta, evolutie in general benignamortalitate crescutasecretie tumorala, efect compresiv tratament uneori excesiv
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COMPLICATIIHipogonadism pe termen scurt -pe termen lung - osteoporozaInfertilitateDate de tumoraDate de tratament
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GONADOTROPINOMULAdenom hipofizar secretant de gonadotropi FSH, LH, a30-40% din tumorile hipofizareSecreia nepulsatil de gonadotropi tumorali blocheaz de regul funcia gonadic. Uneori se poate manifesta cu hiperstimulare ovariana/testicularaTratament chirurgical, radioterapie
- TIREOTROPINOMULTumora secretanta de TSH, este cea mai rar tumor hipofizar (
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TRATAMENTchirurgical -hipofizectomieMedical- Octreotid sau Lanreotidradioterapie hipofizar
Tiroidectomia sau antitiroidienele de sintez agraveaz evoluia sindromului tumoral
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INCIDENTALOAMELE HIPOFIZAREGhidul Endocrine Society, 2011
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HIPOPITUITARISMULDeficitul de GH: nanism la copil; afectare metabolic la adult
Deficitul de gonadotropi: hipogonadism hipogonadotropla copil: pubertate intrziatla femeie: anovulaie cronic, amenoree, infertilitatela brbat: TDS, infertilitate
Deficit de TSH: hipotiroidism central
Deficit de ACTH: insuficiena adrenal secundara
Deficitul de PRL: agalactia postpartum
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HIPOPITUITARISMULS.C. Erridge et al. / Radiotherapy and Oncology 93 (2009)N= 385AVC n=78, RR=1.45 M, 2.2 F 4 tumori maligne intracraniene
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CAUZE DE DECES LA PACIENTII CU HIPOPITUITARISMN=1286 pac. cu hipopituitarism
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Zueger, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, October 2012, 97(10)SUPRAVIETUIREA PACIENTILOR CU INSUFICIENTA CORTICOTROPA SUBSTITUITA
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EtiologieGENETIC:
Insuf. hipof. multipl: mutaii HEX1: displazia septo-optica+deficit de GH Pit-1, Prop1: deficit de GH, PRL,TSH, gonadotropi
Insuf. hipof. izolat: mutaii:KAL: sdr. KALLMANN = hipogonadism hipogonadotrop+ anosmieDAX1: hipogonadism hipogonadotrop+hipoplazie adrenal congenitalGH1: nanism hipofizar familialAVP-NEUROFIZINAII: diabet insipid centralTSH-: hipotiroidism centralLH- : hipogonadism hipogonadotropFSH- : hipogonadism hipogonadotropGHRH: nanism hipofizar familialGnRH: hipogonadism hipogonadotropTSH receptor: hipotiroidism central
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Etiologie2. TUMORAL:T.disembrioplazice: craniofaringiom, chisturi arahnoide sau chisturi deriv. din punga Rathke;T. pituitare: funcionale sau nefuncionaleT. extrasellare: germinoame, teratoame, meningioame, astrocitoame, ependimoame, chist dermoid sau epidermoidT. metastatice: de origine renal, mamar
3. INFILTRATIVBoli granulomatoase: sarcoidoza, granulomul eozinofil, TBC, sifilis, granulomatoza WegenerHistiocitoxa X (Langerhans)Meningita bazal
4. SDR. DE A TURCIC GOAL (empty sella)
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Etiologie5. VASCULAR: Apoplexia pituitar (Sdr. Sheehan) Malformaii vasculare: anevrisme
6. AUTOIMUN: hipofizita limfocitar deficitul izolat de ACTH
7. IRADIERE
8. TRAUMATIC: seciune de tij pituitar: sdr. de hipofiz izolat (insuf. adenohipofizar+ diabet insipid central + hiperprolactinemie)
9. IATROGEN: chirurgia hipofizei radioterapie hipofizar9 I: invasive, infarction, infiltrative, injury, immunologic, iatrogenic,infectious, idiopathic, isolated
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FIZIOPATOLOGIEDeficitul de GH: nanism la copil; afectare metabolic la adult
Deficitul de gonadotropi: hipogonadism hipogonadotropla copil: pubertate intrziatla femeie: anovulaie cronic, amenoree, infertilitatela brbat: TDS, infertilitate
Deficit de TSH: hipotiroidism central
Deficit de ACTH: insuficiena adrenal
Deficitul de PRL: agalactia postpartum
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INSUFICIENA ADENOHIPOFIZAR GLOBAL
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Deficitul de GH
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Nanismul hipofizar greutate i talie normale la natere scderea velocitii de cretere postnatal
deficitul izolat de GH: nanism armonic, supraponderalitate troncularfacies infantil, hipoplazie maxilarOGE miciPubertate usor ntarziatVrsta taliei=vrsta osoas < vrsta cronologic
test de stimulare a GH prin:hipoglicemie indus de insulin>10aniGlucagon
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Cauze de nanismMalnutriia si deprivarea emoionalStatura mic familialntrzierea constituional a creterii si pubertiiDeficitul de GH (8%)Retardul de cretere intrauterin (7,5%)Displazii scheletice (acondroplazia, hipocondroplazia)Sdr. genetice dismorfice (Turner, Down)Boli cronice:IRC, boala celiac, malformaii cardiace, Boli endocrine: hipotiroidismhipoparatiroidismSdr. CushingRahitismul carenial comun sau vit. D rezistentSdr. de rezisten la GH nanism Laron: GH crescut, IGF-I sczut40%
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Deficitul de GH al adultului Scderea energiei vitale i a strii de bine
Izolare social Dispozitie depresiv Anxietate crescut
Creterea adipozitaii centrale i scderea masei musculare Scderea sensibilitii la insulin cu alterarea toleranei la glucoz Creterea LDL colesterolului si a apoB; scderea HDL
Scderea densitaii minerale osoase cu risc crescut de fractura patologic
Scderea masei miocadice Creterea fibrinogenului plasmatic i a inhibitorului tisular de plasminogen Ateroscleroza accelerat
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Deficitul de GH al adultuluinainte de tratamentDup tratament
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INSUFICIENA ADENOHIPOFIZAR DG. PARACLINICTeste bazale: msurarea h. hipofizari i ai glandelor int
ACTH, Cortizol 9a.m. Testosteron 9a.m. sau estradiol ; FSH, LHPRLGH, IGF-ITSH, fT4, fT3
Teste dinamice :Test de stimulare la insulin (ITT)pentru aprecierea rezervei de GH(n>7ng/ml) si cortizol (n>21g/dl)Test de stimulare cu glucagon, cand ITT este contraindicatTest de stimulare cu ACTH pentru aprecierea rezervei adrenale (dg. dif. cu b.Addison)
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TRATAMENTUL INSUFICIENTEI HIPOFIZARETratarea cauzeiInsuficienta CSR: Hidrocortizon 15-30 mg/zi in 2-3 prize sau prednison 5-10 mg/ziInsuficienta tiroidiana: levothyroxina, 1,6 ug/Kg/zi (100 ug/zi)Insuficienta gonadica: estrogeni+progesteron ciclic testosteron FSH+LH pentru restabilirea fertilitatiiDeficitul de GH
- Deficitul de GH al adultuluiCriterii de selectie pt. tratamentDeficit sever de GH: ITT: GH