ca cerviks
DESCRIPTION
Kangker CervikTRANSCRIPT
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Kanker mulut Rahim leher raHim Serviks
Dr. Teti Ernawati, SpOGLKC CIPUTAT 2011 JANUARI
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Sekitar 270.000 perempuan di Indonesia meninggal dunia setiap tahun akibat kanker leher rahim atau serviks. (Titik Kuntari MPH, UII Yogyakarta)
“Berdasarkan data, setiap tahun sekitar 500.000 perempuan di Indonesia di diagnosis terinfeksi kanker leher rahim”. Berdasarkan survei yang melibatkan 5.423 perempuan di Asia dan dilakukan pada sembilan negara termasuk Indonesia, data menunjukkan hanya 2% perempuan yang mengetahui infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) merupakan penyebab kanker serviks. “Jadi, pengetahuan perempuan mengenai penyebab kanker serviks masih sangat kurang. Rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan dipercaya memperburuk kondisi yang ada dan diperkirakan angka kejadian kanker serviks terus meningkat setiap tahunnya.
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pendahuluanMerupakan kanker
terbanyak pada alat kandungan (20%)
Usia 31 – 60 tahun, cenderung makin muda
Salah satu yang dapat dicegah
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Penyebab : Virus HPV 16, 18
Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh :
- Merokok- Pil KB- Diet vit C kurang- Diet vit A kurang- Defisiensi asam folat- Infeksi HSV,
chlamidia trachomatis- Infeksi HIV
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Terjadinya kanker serviks :
infeksi HPV 16,18 ↓
LIS derajat rendah merokok
imunologi
hormonal
Kanker serviks
Regresi Menetap progesif
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Perjalanan kanker serviks
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Faktor resikoHubungan seksual pertama kali kurang
dari 16 tahunParitas yang tinggi, jarak persalinan yang
dekatSosek rendah (higiene seksual yang
jelek)Gonta ganti pasanganmerokok
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Faktor resikoNikah muda
(umur belasan tahun)
Peradangan
Benda-benda yang merangsang serviks (mulut rahim)
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Faktor resiko
Multi partner (berganti-ganti pasangan)
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Faktor resiko
Merokok
stress
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Penyebab Tidak langsung:
narkotika
Dugem polusi
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GejalaKeputihan, berulang-ulang terutama jika
berbau busuk,Post coital bleeding (perdarahan pasca
senggama)Perdarahan spontan dari vagina setelah BABGejala penyebaran jauh
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PERTUMBUHAN CA CERVIKS
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Apakah gejala kanker leher rahim ?Pada tahap
prakanker tidak menimbulkan gejala sama sekali (92%)
Pada tahap kanker, timbul gejala
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PENCEGAHAN PRIMER
HINDARI !!!
* FAKTOR PREDISPOSISI
*FAKTOR RISIKO
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PENCEGAHAN SEKUNDER
DENGAN SKRINING TES PAP UNTUK
MENEMUKAN LESI PRAKANKER
YANG DAPAT DIOBATI HAMPIR 100%
vaksinKONTROL TERATUR
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vaksinasi
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PAP SMEAR
Upaya deteksi dini kanker serviks
Dilakukan pada wanita yang sudah menikah atau usia reproduksi
Menghindari faktor resiko
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Rutin 1 tahun sekali
Usia reproduksi
Deteksi dini
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TES PAP
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Alat AlatFormulirSpatula Ayre &
Cytobrush
Kaca benda
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Spekulum
Tabung Fiksasi berisi alkohol
95 %
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Pap smearPemeriksaan
ini sangat sederhana, tidak sakit, memerlukan waktu tidak lebih dari 10 menit, serta relatif murah
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Sel skuamosa normal
Endoserviks normal
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Gambaran sel terinfeksi virus HPV
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Proses kelainan mulut rahim
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Tes HPV DNA
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Kerusakan sel
Kerusakan struktur DNA/RNAKerusakan membran dan organel selOtokatalitik lipidFragmentasi protein, cross-linkingPerubahan aktivitas enzim
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Sumber vit A, C, Edan asam folat sumber seratantioksidan
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Sumber vitamin, mineral serat dan Anti oksidan
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imunomodulatorVitamin CAntioksidan paling penting yang bekerja dalam
cairan ekstra selulerMenangkap radikal bebas sebelum masuk selMenghambat pembentukan radikal superoksida,
hidrogen peroksida, radikal hidroksida, peroksil dan oksigen singlet (semuanya radikal bebas)
Dengan menghambat radikal bebas ini, mempunyai peran penting dalam menjaga keutuhan membran sel
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Garlic
Allium sativum (Bawang Putih). Dalam IMOX® baunya sudah dihilangkan
Antioksidan kuatMencegah pembentukan radikal bebasMeningkatkan mekanisme pembersihan
radikal bebas
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Echinaceae
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Green tea
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Happy women
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Sehat sampai usia lanjut
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